| ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
27 Industrial Blvd, Unit E Medford, NY 11763 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 430-2125
Alan Todd BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Superconducting RF Injector for High-Power Free-ELectron Lasers (FEL) |
| Abstract: | With the achievement of 1.7 kW CW IR operation at Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory and a major upgrade underway, free-electron lasers (FEL) must be considered a serious option for high-power, commercial material processing and military applications. THE key technology issue on the path to high-power FEL deployment is the demonstration of reliable, high-brightness, photo-cathode injector operation. It is this technology that is addressed in the present SBIR proposal where, in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, we propose to design a novel, compact, efficient high-brightness electron gun in Phase I and build and test a prototype in Phase II. This source will directly benefit both near-term commercial material processing and various military directed energy weapon (DEW) applications. The discriminating attributes of FELs are their wide-band tunability, their implicit potential for very high-power operation and the intrinsic picosecond pulse structure that promises superior performance for certain applications. Commercial applications spanning high-value-added micro-machining to low-value-added, high-throughput surface processing of metals and polymers have been demonstrated and patented. Their immediate deployment is prevented only by the availability of suitable, economic, high-power light sources that the present project seeks to demonstrate. Significant military FEL directed energy weapon (DEW), countermeasure and communication applications at various power levels also exist that will benefit from this proposed SBIR project. The development of a superconducting, photocathode gun, such as is proposed here, would provide a significant benefit in terms of improved reliability, efficiency and cost reduction for both the military and commercial FEL applications. In addition, the proposed material processing with radiation applications could lead to the development of new, beneficial on-shore high-tech, "green" manufacturing opportunities. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Sergei Krivoshlykov BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High-power fiber laser system based on compound-core multimode fiber |
| Abstract: | Altair Center proposes to develop high-power fiber laser system based on a novel and innovative compound-core multimode active fiber capable to operate in a single-mode regime. The compound multimode core of the fiber is designed to support propagation of a higher order mode exhibiting a sharp peak of its field in the central region of the core. The sharp-peak mode extracts energy form the entire volume of the active fiber core and concentrates it in the core central region. The output sharp-peak beam is a well-collimated waveguide mode that can be easily focused and coupled into a standard single-mode fiber. The compound-core fiber has many unique properties including the ability to operate at several different wavelengths simultaneously, wavelength selective and filtering properties, regimes of high sensitivity of the central mode peak to the external perturbations of the fiber, etc. This suggests its numerous applications in active and passive fiber based devices and sensors. The possibility of fabricating the compound-core fiber has been already demonstrated in preliminary experiments. In Phase I project, we will optimize the technology and apply it to fabrication of active version of the fiber. A prototype high-power fiber laser system will be assembled and tested in Phase II. The proposed compound-core fiber is an excellent candidate as a product in several markets, including: fiber lasers, telecommunication, wireless optical communication, electronic printing, remote sensing and monitoring, industrial cutting and welding, parametric frequency conversion, sensors, medical applications, etc. |
| APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
242 Kingfisher Drive Sugar Land, TX 77478 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 242-2588
Wen-Yen Hwang BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Single-Mode High-Power High-Brightness Grating Coupled Surface Emitting Lasers Based on InAs/InGaSb Type-II Structures at 3 to 5 um |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop single-mode high-power high-brightness Mid-IR lasers. Previously, we have demonstrated many high-performance mid-IR lasers based on type-II structures at 2.8 to 4.7 um. We have achieved above room temperature operation for optically pumped (op) lasers at 3.4 to 4.6 um. A maximum quasi-cw output power of 1.72 W was achieved for op lasers at 3.9 mm with a pulse length of 0.1 ms and a duty cycle of 10%. For IC lasers, an output power > 300 mW at 4.2 um was achieved at 90 K with a pulse length of 10 us and a duty cycle of 10%. CW output power of 53 mW with an injection current of only 250 mA was achieved from a 4.45 æm IC laser at 80 K. For 3-um type-II IC lasers, lasing was observed up to 286 K. Nevertheless, the maximum CW output power is mainly limited by the high internal loss increasing dramatically vs. temperature. Additionally, due to the nature of edge emitting lasers, the lasing spectrum is multi modes with a linewidth > 40 nm and the beam quality is more than 10 times of diffraction limited, which strongly limit Mid-IR lasers in many important applications. In order to solve these problems simultaneously, we propose to develop novel grating coupled surface emitting lasers based on InAs/InGaSb type-II structures at 3 to 5 um. Critical military needs include IR countermeasures, remote chemical sensing for defense against biological/chemical warfare, eye-safe covert illumination, and free-space communications. Commercial markets include leak detection, chemical process control, remote chemical sensing for atmospheric pollution and drug monitoring, IR spectroscopy, and medical analyses. With the development of single-mode high-power high brightness Mid-IR GCSELs, this program should create revolution in the commercialization of mid-IR lasers to meet the potential needs of the huge defense and commercial market. |
| APPLIED PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS, L.C.
602 Explorer Austin, TX 78734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 261-0098
Jon Mayes BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Marx Generator-Based PFN Systems |
| Abstract: | Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) are rapidly becoming attractive due to their reusability and the fact that unlike mechanical weapons which rely on magazines of explosive shells, these weapons rely on power supplies. The most attractive aspect of DEW lies in the fact that an electromagnetic missile is delivered at nearly the speed of light, negating the advantage of increasing velocity of tactical missiles. High power microwave (HPM) devices such as the Virtual Cathode (Vircator) or the Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) required large amounts of energy at several hundred kV, requiring large, massive, and complex pulsed power machines as their primary energy source. These systems are plagued with problems associated with high voltage switching and massive step-up transformers, and are primarily based on conventional Pulse Forming Network (PFN) technologies. This proposal details PROPRIETARY alternatives to the HPM source methods in the form of a Marx generator-based power supply. The proposed systems offer compact solutions that are man portable, capable of being battery powered, and offer higher repetition rates than their convention counterparts. The development of the Marx generator-based PFN systems is a relatively inexpensive method for producing repetitive, high powered, trapezoidal shaped electromagnetic pulses for driving low impedance microwave devices. In the military market, this man portable system could further control the battlefield, as well as provide portable missile defense systems. The same system is compact enough to be mounted in a missile, a conventional gun shell, or on board a fighter aircraft. |
| CVI LASER
200 Dorado Pl. SE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 296-9541
Lilian Hoines BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | DIRECTED ENERGY CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | CVI wishes to demonstrate the feasibility of producing superpolished surfaces on CaF2 for use as substrates of laser mirrors, windows, beamsplitters, etc. in the deep UV (DUV) wavelengths (<200 nm) and infrared (IR) wavelengths (>1060 nm). Smoother substrates promise to lower the scatter from the optic and improve the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT). The polishing methods proposed combine standard techniques for flouride polishing followed by glancing ion radiation polishing, while maintaining CVI's high standard for optic surface figure, or determine possible improvements in the Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT). Full evaluation of the polishing methods will include: (1) atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface roughness, (2) Total Integrated Scattering measurement (3) Interferomety investigations for correct optical surface figure (4) LIDT testing to determine if optic is improved through a better surface or degraded through induced subsurface damage or contaminants. CVI expects that laser optics made with Superpolished CaF2 will be of immediate use to our customers who manufacture the laser equipment used in metrology and IC chip manufacturing for their low scatter in the UV wavelengths, as well as those customers desiring to use higher laser power, such as weapons applications, in both the UV an IR wavelengths. |
| DIRECTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
14125 Candlewwod Ct. Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 277-1451
Jeff Nicholson BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Electric Oxygen Iodine Laser |
| Abstract: | An electric generator of metastable, singlet delta oxygen is demonstrated which can lead to an oxygen iodine laser with a wall plug efficiency of greater than 20%. Modeling and analysis of the electric/optical interaction with the oxygen and subsequent oxygen kinetics will be completed. Characterization experiments will verify the efficiency of key electric, optical, and kinetic processes. An experiment will be performed which demonstrates electric oxygen iodine laser operation. An all electric version of a chemical oxygen iodine laser eliminates the use of toxic and explosive chemicals, improves performance, reduces operating cost, and broadens the mission areas in which this laser can be employed as a weapon. This laser could serve as the advanced technology device for the space based laser program. Its shorter wavelength and all electric operation offers significant advantages over the current chemical HF device. Technology insertion of this device into the Airborne Laser would eliminate the use of toxic and explosive chemicals saving over a billion dollars in logistic support costs over the life of the program. This technology is enabling technology which allows the oxygen iodine laser to be considered for inclusion as an offensive or defensive weapon in all services' weapons' platforms. Finally this technology will provide commercial industry with a high power, near perfect beam quality laser device for material processing applications. |
| ELECTRODYNAMICS ASSOC., INC.
409 Eastbridge Drive Oviedo, FL 32765 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 977-1825
Jay Vaidya BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Novel Light-Weight High Voltage Generator for Directed Energy Systems |
| Abstract: | Directed Energy (DE) systems require compact, lightweight power sources for high voltage power generation. In th 100 kW- 5 MW range, electromagnetic generators are difficult to construct due to the insulation problems relating to the multiple turns of output coils. This proposal addresses generator concepts based on electrostatic fields. These types of generators are a natural choice because of their operation at high voltage and low current. In the past only laboratory prototypes have been built in US, USSR, and Germany for very low power levels using this technology. This proposal extends the application to practical flightworthy and portable turbo-generators for use in aerospace vehicles, aircraft, and land based portable systems. Issues relating to selection of the electrostatic approach based on a complete system performance will be addressed during Phase I. Selected generator concept will be fully anlyzed and the system performance will be demonstrated through simulation. Conceptual generator design will be finalized with a generator design layout for use in hardware development during Phase II. Electrostatic generators produce high voltage power directly, eliminating the need for step-up transformers. They are lightweight, and efficient compared to conventional electromagnetic generators. Potential exists for applications in DoD DEW systems, as well as commercial areas such as shale oil extraction, coal de-sulphurization, coal gasification, lumber drying, and for improved asphalt road repairs. |
| ELECTRON ENERGY CORP.
924 Links Avenue Landisville, PA 17538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(717) 898-2294
Christina Chen BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High Performance 2:17 Permanent Magnets for Traveling Wave Tubes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR Phase I effort is to establish the feasibility of developing high performance 2:17 rare earth permanent magnets that possess magnetic properties that are essentially constant over a temperature range of -50 to 500øC for TWT applications. The approach is to develop 2:17 rare earth permanent magnets of 2:17 phase [rare earth (RE), transition metal (TM) compounds with TM/RE ratio of 8.5] using a combination of a light rare earth (Sm) with heavy rare earths (Gd, Er, Ho) to provide a low temperature coefficient of magnetization over a wide temperature range. Gd-TM and/or Er-TM compensates the magnetization loss of Sm-TM at the lower temperature range, while Ho-TM compensates the magnetization loss of Sm-TM at the higher temperature range. These compensations will result in new 2:17 magnets that possess near zero temperature coefficients of magnetization and remanence over a broad range for such applications as TWTs. EEC and UDRI also propose to establish the feasibility of developing magnets with a TM to RE ratio less than 8.5, approaching the range of 7.5. Their recent research efforts resulted in new 2:17 type permanent magnets that have constant coercivity over a wide temperature range from 20 to 550øC. TWTs are vacuum devices that use an interaction between the microwave signal and a focused electron beam to amplify the RF to high power levels. In most (>80%) of the TWTs, the electron beams are focused by highly optimized magnetic fields from permanent magnet assemblies. Constant performance over large temperature ranges and temperature induced degradation effects are major problems that exist with permanent magnets for TWTs. Permanent magnets that maintain acceptable performance over broad temperature ranges will provide manufacturing advantages as well. They will also reduce the weight of cooling systems required to maintain magnet performance. This weight savings will translate into increased payload capability or lower cost smaller launch vehicles. The system applications include airborne radar and weapons control, ships' search and track radar, electronic counter measures, satellite and terrestrial communications terminals and missile seekers. TWTs are also used in nearly all commercial communications satellites and in most DoE accelerators and colliders. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Everett Farr BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | A Low-Jitter High Voltage Dual Gas Switch for Driving Ultra-Wideband Arrays Based on a Ferroelectric Trigger |
| Abstract: | We consider here a method of arraying multiple high-voltage gas switches with low jitter and high repetition rate. The technique takes advantage of the ferratron, which was recently developed by Farr Research. The ferratron uses a ferroelectric ceramic to inject electrons into a high-voltage gap to trigger breakdown. In this proposal we extend that technique to multiple switches by taking advantage of the fact that a single large piece of ferroelectric material must flip its polarization all at once, so it should be possible to inject electrons into multiple switches with low jitter. High power output Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems operating at high voltages encounter efficiency problems due to corona effects as the voltage keeps on increasing. These corona effects place a practical limit on the output power achievable from a single antenna and source combination. To get around this limitation, an obvious method is to array the antennas and drive them each with a separate source at the same time, with low switch-to-switch jitter. The array can only work, however, if the two sources have low switch-to-switch jitter. The proposed switch makes a UWB array possible, thus allowing higher power systems operating at lower voltages. During Phase I we will demonstrate the principle by building a two-element switch array that is triggered by a single piece of ferroelectric material. We expect to measure a low jitter between the two switches, thus demonstrating the suitability of the proposed switch for UWB array applications. This research will lead to a new design for high-voltage Ultra-Wideband triggered sources that have a jitter low enough to allow them to drive arrays of antennas. This will be of use as a Directed Energy Weapon, or as a component of an Ultra-Wideband radar system. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9100
T. Henderson BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High Energy Density Capacitors |
| Abstract: | A high voltage high energy density capacitor will be developed utilizing Chemical Vapor Deposited diamond. CVD diamond is the best dielectric material available, and will be deposited and formed into layers to support fabrication of high energy density capacitors. Previous measurements indicate breakdown voltages in the 3 to 4 kV/micron range and a dielectric constant of 5.5. The high temperature capability of diamond and its non-dipole crystal structure will allow rapid charge/discharge cycles without damage. During Phase I, a single layer test capacitor 5 cm. in diameter will provide 1 nano-farad of capacitance and 20 Joules of energy with an energy density of 10 kJ/kg. Phase II will develop a multi-layer capacitor in a stacked configuration to increase the energy density, capacitance, and total energy stored in the capacitor. The Phase II device is expected to have energy density greater than 25 kJ/kg, provide 100 nano-farads capacitance, and store 200 Joules of energy. Directed Energy Weapons of all types need high energy density capacitors. These capacitors will provide the energy density required for directed energy systems including lasers, radar, high power microwave, and rail guns. Many systems are limited in their operational capability or portability due to the lack of a high energy density capacitor. As the energy density decreases, the physical size becomes an important consideration in discharge times and equivalent series resistance. In addition to the energy density advantages, the high temperature capability of diamond, and its non-bipolar nature provide more tolerance of rapid charge and discharge cycles. The energy densities achieved here will support hand held pulsed power applications as well as portable and fixed systems at much higher power levels. The commercial applications of high energy density capacitors are numerous and include all the normal high power and voltage applications such as RF and non-traditional applications such as non-lethal shocker technology for personnel control and pulsed power systems to disable automobiles in high speed chases. A major commercial application is expected to be short term energy storage in electric vehicles. |
| METASTABLE INSTRUMENTS, INC.
P. O. Box 3858 Chesterfield, MO 63006 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 536-1993
George Dube BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | DIRECTED ENERGY CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | The precise and timely control of the direction of laser beams is crucial to a wide variety of industrial, commercial, scientific and military activities. Examples include, material processing, projection displays, micro/nano fabrication and missile tracking/defense. A new type of lubricated adjustable optical wedge shows great promise as a beam steerer, but has yet to be optimized or tested for use with high power laser beams. Compared to Risley Wedge beam steerers this new device features higher transmission, Cartesian (not polar) adjustments and a single on-axis pivot point (no astigmatism). The purpose of this project is to demonstrate, for the first time, an adjustable optical wedge beam steerer that is compact, precise and able to handle a peak laser power density of 500 MW/sq. cm and an average laser power density of 1 kW/sq. cm. The plan is to experimentally determine those components (transparent lubricants, coatings and lenses) with the highest laser damage thresholds, assemble the best into adjustable optical wedges and measure their laser power handling capability. Initial tests will be done at a nearby university. Final tests will be done at a commercial facility for determining and certifying laser damage thresholds. The virtual lever arm design of this new type of beam steerer offers a combination of compactness, preciseness and cost effectiveness not previously available. It should replace many tilted mirrors and Risley Wedges in existing laser applications and create new applications in metrology, image stabilization, projectors and projection displays. |
| MSE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
200 Technology Way P. O. Box 4078 Butte, MT 59702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 388-0542
Jean-Luc Cambier BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation in Space from a Repetively Detonated Device |
| Abstract: | MSE Technology Applications, Inc. (MSE) proposes to evaluate and test the concept of a hybrid device combining a Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) with a Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD) generator for electrical power generation in space. The proposed system would be designed to provide the power for Direct Energy Weapons (DEW), such as compact Free-Electron Lasers (FEL) High-Power Microwave (HPM) beams or Kinetic Energy Weapons (KEW) launched from railguns. Power extraction from stored chemicals provides more power density and flexibility than solar cells. The PDE is a novel propulsion technology which can be adapted to pulse power generation. The PDE can be approximated as a cycled, constant-volume combustion process leading to higher temperatures and therefore higher gas conductivity than constant-pressure combustion. The device is lightweight, robust, can easily be started up, and does not require high chamber pressurization. Preliminary evaluations of the hybrid concept suggest that good performance is possible. The concept presented herein improves on the earlier study by proposing a new design that would greatly improve the power to weight ratio. The concept also has a number of other important applications leading to substantial advances in aerospace propulsion and power. The proposed PDE-MHD generator concept can be used for pulse power production, with applications initially focused on space-power generation for DEWs. If successful, other applications deriving from the technology may include the following: 1) on-board power generation for aerospace vehicles; 2) hybrid PDE-MHD ejector concepts for propulsion; and 3) repetitive, non-destructive Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) generators for battlefield and mine field applications. |
| NOVA PHASE, LLC
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-3065
Michael Scripsick BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | All Solid State Generation of UV-VUV Radiation |
| Abstract: | This Phase I research effort will characterize four nonlinear optical materials with the potential for applications in novel frequency conversion strategies in order to generate UV-VUV laser radiation via cascaded second harmonic. Distinguishing features of the proposed UV laser system include all solid state construction, high conversion efficicency, and generation of wavelengths not currently available. Particular attention will be given to the generation of 248nm and 193nm by cascaded harmonic generation of Ti:Sapphire and/or Alexandrite lasers as a replacement for existing excimer laser systems. Sources of laser radiation in the ultraviolet(UV)and vacuum ultaviolet(VUV)spectral region are increasingly important in a variety of both military and commercial applications. Military applications include countermeasures for UV tracking and targeting missles, light detection and ranging (lidar), target illumination and designation, and standoff detection of chemical and biological agents. The most notable commercial application of UV lasers is for photolithography. Other significant commercial applications include compact disk mastering, nonofabrication, optical data storage, madicine and spectroscopy. |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Kevin Wall BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | MPS Yb:YAG Laser |
| Abstract: | The Airborne Laser (ABL) program, for defense against theater ballistic missiles, will provide a testing ground for a number of directed-energy concepts. A crucial element of the ABL is the Illuminator Laser, currently composed of high-power, diode-pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs). Future directed-energy systems, such as the Space Based Laser (SBL), may follow the same path of the ABL system in the use of DPSSLs for tracking and target illumination. Such lasers are required to produce the combination of near-infrared wavelengths, moderate power levels and high beam quality not produced by other devices. Efficient laser operation in terms of converting electrical power to laser output is an important feature of the DPSSLs, especially for space-based systems. In the past decade, the development of DPSSLs has led to greatly improved laser efficiency and power density (in terms of Watts per pound). There still remains the opportunity to further enhance these systems by use of improved high-power, diode-laser pump sources and the low-heat-load laser material Yb:YAG. In this proposed effort we plan to use these components in a innovative, side-pumped multipass-slab laser geometry that produces a unique combination of simplicity, high efficiency and excellent beam quality, while being well suited for aircraft or space-based systems. The proposed Yb:YAG MPS commercial system would generate powers in the 50-500 W range now served by more conventional lamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. A MPS Yb:YAG laser with high beam quality could provide a relatively low-cost solution for precision machining applications such as marking, cutting, welding and drilling, of interest to the electronics, automotive and medical-device industry |
| SPECTRAGEN, INC.
1700 S. Mount Prospect Road Des Plaines, IL 60018 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 699-5850
Richard Jarman BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Passive Q-switches for High-Efficiency, Solid-State Eyesafe Lasers with Improved Performance |
| Abstract: | Spectragen proposes to investigate the growth of alkaline earth fluoride crystals doped with uranium ions that will demonstrate improved properties over current materials for application as passive Q-switches in lasers operating at the eye-safe wavelength of 1.5 æm. These materials will constitute an enabling technology for the development of compact, solid-state, eye-safe laser transmitters. Specific objectives are: 1, the growth of low-loss crystals of U:MF2 (M= Ca, Sr, Ba) using a modified Bridgman growth technique; 2, the characterization of electronic and structural properties of the U dopant, with the goal to identify the optimum doping conditions, and to correlate these with the crystal growth parameters; 3, the derivation of a scheme of charge compensation that will maximize the concentration of the desired U4+ ion and eliminate structural defects; 4, modeling of Q-switch performance Crystals will be grown using commercially available, high-purity fluoride starting materials, with lead fluoride added to scavenge oxygen, and direct the oxidation state of U to the desired value. Spectroscopy will be used to evaluate site symmetry and oxidation state of the U dopant. These data will be used to devise a scheme of charge compensation of the U4+ ion that will reduce crystal defects and provide improved device performance. Pulsed lasers that operate at eye-safe wavelengths have far-reaching applications in both military and commercial arenas for laser radar, rangefinding, communications, collision avoidance, environmental monitoring and atmospheric sensing |
| V CORP. TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
388 Ocean Avenue Suite 1613 Revere Beach, MA 02151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 284-1011
Scott Velazquez BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Very High-Performance Advanced Filter Bank Digital-to-Analog Converter (AFB DAC) |
| Abstract: | This is Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project demonstrates a breakthrough approach to very high-speed, high-resolution D/A conversion which improves the speed by up to five times the state-of-the-art by using a parallel array of individual converters. This significant performance improvements afforded by the Advanced Filter Bank Digital-to-Analog Converter (AFB DAC) architecture will be demonstrated by building and testing a pre-prototype breadboard implementation of the back-end electronics of a 14-bit AFB DAC system with 200 MHz sample rate (twice the speed of state-of-the-art). A faster 14-bit AFB DAC with 450 MHz sample rate will be developed in Phase II. The architecture works because the filter banks signal processing significantly reduces the sensitivity to analog mismatches (e.g., phase distortion, clock skew, temperature drift) which prohibit existing parallel conversion methods from achieving high resolution. The V Corp has proven the technical efficacy of the Advanced Filter Bank concept by successfully building and testing analog-to-digital converter hardware with 12-bit resolution and 260 MHz sample rate under another SBIR project. The AFB DAC architecture will always exceed the state-of-the-art because it can easily be upgraded as new, more powerful DAC products become available. The architecture is amenable to single-chip integration for compact, low power applications. Virtually any high performance modern electronics system will benefit greatly from the AFB DAC. Significant applications include enhancement of radar systems, wideband universal RF transceivers, specialized test equipment, and medical imaging systems. |
| V CORP. TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
388 Ocean Avenue Suite 1613 Revere Beach, MA 02151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 284-1011
Scott Velazquez BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High-Resolution Linearity Error Compensator (LinComp) |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project demonstrates a breakthrough approach to high-resolution linearity error compensation (LinComp) using computationally-efficient digital signal processing to reduce harmonic and intermodulation distortion in digital-to-analog converters (DACs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), sampling circuitry, and radio frequency amplifiers by at least 24 dB. This technology improves the dynamic range by at least four bits, enabling very accurate synthesis of data at high intermediate frequencies (IF) with very high sample rates (e.g., 18-bit dynamic range with 100 MHz sample rate or 12-bit dynamic range at GHz sample rates). The LinComp technology reduces the size, power, and cost of radar systems and RF transceivers by eliminating much of the RF electronics and reducing the digital signal processing requirements. The significant performance improvements afforded by this approach over traditional compensation techniques will be demonstrated in Phase I by developing a system which will achieve 18-bit resolution at 100 MHz sample rate (4 bits greater than state-of-the-art). Efficient auto-calibration routines will also be perfected. A compact, realtime hardware implementation will be built in the Phase I Option. V Corp has confirmed the technical efficacy of the LinComp processing methodology by testing with state-of-the-art converters. This compensation approach requires less hardware and provides much better dynamic range than competing linearity compensation methods. Very importantly, the LinComp processor will always exceed the state-of-the-art because it can easily be upgraded as new, more powerful DAC, ADC, and amplifier products become available. During Phase II, a compact LinComp DAC prototype will be developed with a high-speed PCI-based waveform generator and RF electronics to enable high IF direct digital synthesis (DDS). The LinComp approach overcomes the critical D/A conversion bottleneck which limits performance of state-of-the-art radio frequency transceiver systems. Virtually any high-performance modern electronic system will benefit from the LinComp DAC. Significant applications include enhancement of radar systems, wideband universal RF transceivers, specialized test equipment, and medical imaging systems. |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
2235 Polvorosa Avenue, Suite 230 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Rahul Prasad BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Time domain polarization metrology for Fiber Optic Gyroscope coils |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation proposes to commercialize a simpler instrument to measure parasitic polarization coupling in Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) coils using a short pulse laser and making measurements in the time domain. The conventional approach uses a white light source and Fourier transforms to make the measurements. Our instrument will use a high repetition rate, short pulse (?100 ps) laser to achieve spatial resolution as small as 10 mm (versus 60 mm with white light) and characterize fiber coils up to 1 km long. The ultimate resolution is limited only by the shortest laser pulse available and depends only weakly on its coherence properties. Such short pulse lasers are commercially available and the telecommunications industry continues to develop shorter pulse lasers for faster communications. Also, the location of polarization cross coupling can be determined while the fiber coil is being wound, thereby increasing the production efficiency. The short pulse/time domain approach also gives instantaneous readings at each location, without having to wait until the entire length has been scanned. Phase I will demonstrate the concept. Phase II will develop the instrument for characterization of FOG coils. Phase III will commercialize the instrument for DoD and other customers. The proposed instrument will allow better development and cheaper manufacture of FOGs and will thus find application where FOGs are used. FOGs find use in military guidance systems, such as in ballistic missiles, missile interceptors, the precision strike navigator, while their commercial use is in the realm of GPS systems for automobiles, boats etc. |
| POWDERMET, INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd, Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 768-6420
Andrew Sherman BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Refractory Metal Bonded Carbon Composites |
| Abstract: | Kinetic kill vehicles rely on using hot gas divert systems to provide vehicle control enabling target intercept. With high Mach hit to kill vehicles, divert systems capable of upwards of 100g capabilities are used, requiring using high pressure, high energy (temperature) hot gas divert systems. These structures must be manufactured from refractory materials, which are currently very costly and difficult to manufacture. The proposed Phase I program will develop a refractory metal bonded carbon fiber composite suitable for use in solid divert systems. Specifically, the program will demonstrate using Powder metallurgy techniques to produce net-shape, complex components from refractory metal-carbon fiber composite alloy materials with both low (comparatively) cost and high performance. These components are suitable for hot gas valves (fluidic, pintle-operated, and poppet and seat types), nozzle structures, and other components used in kinetic kill vehicle propulsion and divert systems. Innovative powder coating and low temperature sintering technology will be used to produce and characterize refractory metal composite structures for use in divert propulsion systems. If successful, the technology developed in the proposed program will have applications to longer life vacuum heating elements, polycrystalline superabrasive and superabrasive hardfacing commercial markets. |
| RHENIUM ALLOYS, INC.
P.O. Box 245 1329 Taylor St. Elyria, OH 44036 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 365-7388
Todd Leonhardt BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | KINETIC ENERGY KILL VEHICLES AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | The key to near net shape rhenium components will depend on the development of spherical rhenium metal powder with a low oxygen content, high density, and high flowability. It is our intention to produce spherical rhenium metal powder. This will be the enabling technology to allow the development of affordable SM-3 SDACS hot gas valve components. This new powder will allow the development of advanced manufacturing techniques such as HIP to net shape, vacuum plasma spray, and directed light fabrication. These advanced techniques will reduce the cost of manufacturing and improve reliability and repeatability. In Phase I of the SBIR, the goal is to produce spherical rhenium metal powder of the correct particle size and morphology. In Phase II, actual SM-3 SDACS components will be manufactured using these advanced techniques. We will also produce and test specimens for room temperature and elevated temperature properties on the various advanced manufacturing methods. This will allow the design engineers to fully utilize rhenium in Block I procurement. This technology is also of great interest in the commercial aerospace industry as well as the nuclear industry. We can demonstrate almost immediate dual-use for this innovation. The benefits and commercial applications that will result from this innovation are immediately evident. The development of spherical rhenium metal powder will allow the development of near-net shape (NNS) manufacturing techniques for the Navy's NTW SDACS program. This will reduce the amount of rhenium required per unit, reduce the number and cost of the machining steps required, and reduce the lead-time per unit. Commercial applications include NNS rhenium combustion chambers for satellite propulsion, crucibles for nuclear research, heat pipe applications, and other high temperature applications such as solar thermal propulsion. |
| RRR TECH
P.O. Box 305 Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 280-2002
Robert Buchl BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Toroidal Munition Study |
| Abstract: | Several toroidal munition designs are presented which after detonation each forms a single projectile from its central axis. Both concave and convex toroidal liners are considered in this study. One munition design has three forward-firing projectiles. Only one initiation point is required in all cases. The computer preliminary simulations were accomplished with the hydrocode EPIC96. Further study will optimize the speed, mass and profile of the projectiles. RRR Tech has written both mesh and sliding surface Fortran code to display the initial designs presented. Benefits include use by military agencies. The toroidal munitions are small and easily integrated into existing weapon systems. Commerialization applications are in the munition and demolition fields. |
| THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
499 Mount Herman Rd. Shelbyville, TN 37160 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(931) 680-1295
Henry Moody BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Atmospheric Interceptor Externally Cooled IR Windows |
| Abstract: | The proposed program will involve the development of a Cooled Window Frame for Atmospheric Interceptor Technology (AIT). The innovations to be integrated into the frame include: a) The ability to externally cool an IR window in extreme endo-atomospheric environments, including vehicle Yaw Angel-of-Attack, b) Improving Aero-Optical performances by insuring that boundary layer transition and the associated large axial gradients in turbulence do not occur over the IR aperture, and c) Developing an "Aerodynamic Fence" to help insure that Divert Thrustor combustion products do not migrate into the seeker's Field-of-Regard. Prior externally cooled windows (HEDI and AIT) have not adequately demonstrated the ability to cool the entire window, even under most favorable conditions. Adding vehicle Yaw, the occurrence of boundary layer transition on the window, and the migration of Divert Thrustor combustion products into the FoR; further complicate the ability of an IR seeker to operate in endo-atmospheric environments. In Phase I, aerothermal and CFD analyses will support a design effort to help optimize the use of coolant for Yaw mitigation and producing boundary trips-aerodynamic fences. A prototype window frame will be fabricated. Phase II will involve test evaluation of the prototype and further improvements, optimization, and testing of cooled window frames. The Cooled Window Frame designed in the proposed Phase I Program should improve IR window cooling and IR aero-optical performance of seeker systems for hypersonic applications. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Fred Lauten BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | High Temperature, Light Weight, Impermeable Rocket Thrust Chambers |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. is teaming with a manufacturer of Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS) in order to develop lower cost and better performing high temperature propulsion components for this and future generations of DACS. Triton will combine our innovative fiber preform designs and our low-cost fabrication processes to develop DACS ceramic composite thrust chambers having, low permeability, improved durability, and reduced unit cost during production. In Phase I we will work with our team member to demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the current, expensive designs with lighter weight, higher performing and significantly less costly components. In Phase II the Triton team will further develop the ceramic composite component technologies and begin the process of qualifying the component for use on specific KVs in order to impact missile defense in the near term. CMCs are an enabling material for a range of advanced rocket propulsion components, and we are working to insure that the product and manufacturing development Trition accomplishes in this SBIR will immediately benefit both liquid and solid propulsion systems, including those being developed for launch vehicles, tacticle missiles and the next generation of reusable space vehicles. |
| ADVANCED MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
176 Waltham Street Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-6700
Joseph Gerstmann BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Efficiency 10K Cryocooler for Space Applications |
| Abstract: | Existing technology for cryogenic cooling of instruments, sensors, and other electronics is either overly expensive, too large and/or heavy, or inefficient. It is proposed to develop an innovative cryocooler capable of 0.5 Watts of cooling at temperatures on the order of 10 Kelvin which is more compact, lighter weight, more reliable, lower cost, and more efficient than present technology. The proposed research and development project will start by applying an inherently energy- efficient cycle to a small-scale machine and achieve a cost effective design by taking advantage of several new innovations and developments in cryogenic technology. Future space exploration programs will require more advanced thermal management technology to address the demands of ever more sophisticated sensors and instruments, and the need to build more compact space craft. The proposed cryocooler will address these challenges by developing a smaller, lighter and more efficient device than is currently available. Applications for this technology are not limited to space exploration or military applications. Existing devices such as MRI machines can benefit from improved cryogenic cooling, and high temperature superconducting devices currently under development such as electric motors and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems are also possible applications. Commercial applications for this technology fall into the categories of existing and emerging applications which require cryogenic cooling of superconducting circuits and devices. Existing applications include the superconducting current leads and SQUIDS of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as well as other electronic applications such as superconducting communications filters used in cellular telephone networks. Emerging applications include superconducting devices currently being developed such as motors, power transformers, magnetic energy storage, and possibly transmission cable which will make use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Igor Levitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | X-Ray Detector System Based on Emissive Conjugated Polymers |
| Abstract: | ALTAIR Center proposes to develop a simple and efficient x-ray detector system for medium energy X-ray computed tomography imaging with very high spatial resolution and field-of-view based on emissive conjugated polymers. The proposed system employs the effect of strong quenching of visible light emission in the polymers under X-ray irradiation. This light quenching is detected by a CCD. Specially designed polymers will be deposited as a thin active layer on the movable plastic substrate. Polymer fluorescence can be initiated by any inexpensive source of blue/green light or applied electric field (electroluminescence). X-ray exposure induces the fluorescence quenching that is proportional to the intensity of X-ray radiation. Such detection method has a number of important advantages over traditional scincillator methods due to low scattering, high spatial resolution, large field-of-view and high miniaturization using CCD detector matrices. Also, high accuracy and stability can be attained because of relative detection of the ratio of fluorescence intensity in each pixel before and after irradiation. In phase I of the project we will demonstrate and study the effect of polymer fluorescence quenching in polymers under medium energy X-ray irradiation. In Phase II we will assemble, optimize, test and deliver to DoD a prototype X-ray detection system. In addition to such immediate applications as high resolution X-ray detector for industrial computed tomography, the proposed system can be applicable in medical and biological industry. Only minor changes in screen design are required for obtaining quick and accurate response signal to low energy X-ray radiation used in medical tomography. There is great niche market for such new cost-efficient devices. |
| AMAIN ELECTRONICS CO., INC.
1875 Angus Ave., Unit C Simi Valley, CA 93063 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 577-0583
William Mandl BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Per Pixel Digital Focal Plane with Systolic Array Image Processor |
| Abstract: | Amain has developed a new smart focal plane technology that not only addresses the issue of video data reduction but also provides a low noise, low power approach to reading pixel data digitally. Uniformity correction, thresholding, temporal filtering and other algorithms for target extraction and data reduction can be accomplished at the pixel level or on focal plane. The approach, based on classical sample theory with an added Amain patented process, provides an oversample A/D converter at each pixel site. Each pixel response is converted to a one bit digital data stream. This data is linear and without offset to the limits of the detector itself. Inherent in the pixel A/D converter is the ability to do integration, differentiation and other arithemtic processes. This provides the means to do massively parallel computations at the pixel or in an adjoining systolic array of small distributed processing elements. This new data format also simplifies displaying the image by eliminating the need for D/A or pulse width modulation at the display. An all digital imaging and display camera can be built with this newest technology using less electronics and lower power. Amain plans to develop this system for target recognition applications. This new technology provides a substantial reduction in electronic content and power consumption for all camera and display applications. It also provides new methods of image data analysis and compression that can improve image quality at lower cost. The approach is universally applicalbe to all imaging including UV, visible light and IR. It will have broad base application into home entertainment, law enforcement, personal computers, xerography as well as military systems |
| ARETE ASSOC.
333 North Wilmot Road 4th Floor Tucson, AZ 85711 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 571-8660
Anthony Gleckler BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | 3D Imaging Polarimeter Lidar System |
| Abstract: | Arete proposes a lidar sensor system that is capable of simultaneously imaging the contrast/reflectivity, 3D shape, and the polarization properties of targets and background. The ability to get three separate images of an object, where each image interacts with fundamentally different physical aspects of the target, provides significant benefit to automatic target recognition (ATR) tasks, particularly in the areas of enhanced target detection, reduction of clutter, and in segmentation (i.e., the separation of target pixels from background pixels). Because the measurements are all made with a single receiver and transmitter, the system design is simple and can be compact. Also, because the measurements are all made with a single laser pulse, there are no deleterious artifacts caused by trying to spatially or temporally register the data. This can provide outstanding discrimination capability for a number of BMDO missions. A simple compact sensor can be used in a number of applications: as a missile seeker, as an airborne or spaceborne remote sensing system, or as a sensor carried on the ground for tracking airborne objects. The three separate images (i.e., polarization, reflectivity, and 3D shape) will provide excellent data for ATR algorithms to work with. In addition, the polarization aspect of the sensor can be added to our commercial 3D terrestrial mapping sensor, which will enable the sensor to classify in greater detail the type of ground over which the sensor is flying (e.g., water, dirt, vegetation, etc.). |
| BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA
5024 Campbell Blvd., Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
C.C. Wang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS #D (Visible (0.3-0.9 Microns): Phase Tunable Spatial Light Modulator Using Semiconductors with DX-Defects |
| Abstract: | Development of a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) capable of offering 2pi gray scale pure phase modulation with 1 mm spatial resolution is presented in this proposal. By using the DX-defect containing material CdF2:Ga, the proposed novel SLM can offer phase-only modulation on optical images with sub-millisecond framing rates and the operating spectrum spanning throughout the visible region. The DX material based SLM is polarization insensitive, operates in either transmission or reflection modes, has 100% fill factor, and offers direct optical manipulation of the input images without the cumbersome optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical signal conversions. Because the proposed DX-based SLM does not depend on pixel-wise operations, it is immune to the difficulties associated with individual pixel failures found in conventional SLMs. During this research program, the feasibility of the proposed phase-only SLM will be investigated under laboratory settings. Conclusions arrived at during the Phase I program will be adopted during the Phase II program to develop prototype phase-only SLMs ideal for optical signal processing applications. The potential commercial applications of the proposed novel spatial light modulator include optical phase correlator for optical information processing, optical signal switching and routing for telecommunication industries, optical display, and computer information processing technologies. |
| BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA
5024 Campbell Blvd., Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
G.V. Jagannathan BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS #C (UV (<0.3 Microns): A Compliant Lattice Matched Substrate c-NbN/MgO for Epitaxial Growth and Testing of Cubic Al0.60Ga0.40N for UV Detectio |
| Abstract: | Brimrose has identified a closely lattice matched compliant substrate system for direct nucleation and epitaxial growth of c-Al0.60Ga0.40N. The compliant substrate system is NbN (Niobium Nitride)/MgO (Magnesium Oxide). NbN grows epitaxially on MgO at low temperatures. c-III-V nitride grows on this NbN film directly without the need for nitridization of the substrate surface or the use of a low temperature buffer layer. The lattice mismatch of c-NbN (4.41angstrom) to c-GaN (4.52 angstrom) and c-Al0.60Ga0.40 N (4.44 angstrom, cut off UV wave length of 270nm) are -2.4% and -0.67% respectively. The main objective of the proposed program is to develop Solar Blind Photovoltaic UV Detectors. During Phase I, we will optimize the growth conditions for direct deposition of Al0.60Ga0.40N epi layers on a 1" diameter NbC/MgO compliant substrate at low growth temperatures (600-700 degreesC). We will then fabricate and test a Schottky or an MSM device structure for UV detection in order to demonstrate superior performance of c-nitride based detectors over those based on h-nitride. Phase II objectives are three fold. They are (1) Optimization of growth of Al0.60Ga0.40N on a 2" diameter NbC/MgO substrate, (2) Optimization of n- and p-type doping and (3) Production, packaging and testing of a high performance photovoltaic (PV) n-i-p, p-n UV photodetectors. At the end of Phase I representative samples will be provided to BMDO for evaluation. The success of Phase I research will result in the demonstration of, for the first time, a c-AlGaN UV detector exhibiting improved performance compared to h-AlGaN detector. Optimized PV detectors for UV detection will be useful for integration in missile defense and counter measure systems, space-to-space communications secure from detection by earth based receivers, for controlling the operation of UV light sources, UV exposure, UV astronomy, in high temperature environment applications such as flame/combustion control and in outer space. |
| BSEI
1453 Beulah Road Vienna, VA 22182 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 759-4518
Terence Barrett BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | MAP: Matched Adaptive Time-Frequency Packet UltraHigh Resolution ATR Sensor |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the reduction of false alarms and increase in speed of ATR of missiles with reduction of decoy/debris return, by transmit signal design using a matched envelope frequency-time packet signal (MAP) - the carrier of which is to be identified - and using a priori information. In Phase I, simulations will quantify S/N and ATR speed enhancement and a detailed system design. Phase II addresses hardware prototype fabrication. Fast ATR discrimination of missiles from decoys/debris. Commercial air radars with clutter mitigation in presence of known target/classes of targets. "Selective attention" for locating target/class. Increased resolution for geophysical GPRs. |
| EAST WEST ENTERPRISES, INC.
524 JORDAN LANE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4782
RAMARAO INGUVA BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | ENHANCED MULTI SENSOR TARGET TRACKER WITH GEOMETRICALLY INVARIANT NONLINEAR FILTERS |
| Abstract: | East West Enterprises Inc., (EWE) proposes to develop a new target tracker technology based on the geometrically invariant (coordinate free) nonlinear filter of Darling and also Bayesian methods. This new tracker technology with software offers a robust and accurate method for combining multi sensor data on targets as it is based on coordinate free methodology and uses all the available information to provide state vector updates. This unique formulation will have several advantages over the Kalman filter based trackers in use: (1)coordinate free frame work allows efficient and accurate way to combine informaton from several sensors. (2) The nonlinear nature of (quadratic function of the observations) the filter gives more accuracy;(3) The Bayesian method incorporates more information than the Kalman filter again leading to better accuracy. The methodology based on sound probability theory and rigorous mathematical principles offer the most optimal method of state vector estimation and its covariance. In Phase I, EWE will focus on building an appropriate model based on the current sensors such as the ALTAIR and GBR with the proposed nonlinear filter. Computer simulation will be performed to evaluate the geometrically invariant filter based tracker algorithms. The proposed new tracker technology will have numerous applications such as for NMD,THAD, air traffic control, autonomous robotic navigation, speech recognition, target tracking , mathematical genetics, real time video coding, financial forecasting. |
| EAST WEST ENTERPRISES, INC.
524 JORDAN LANE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4782
RAMARAO INGUVA BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | ELECTRO - OPTICAL DATA FUSION ENVIRONMENT FOR ENHANCED TARGET DETECTION AND TRACKING |
| Abstract: | East West Enterprises Inc., (EWE) proposes to develop an electro-optical data fusion system for real time fusion of infrared (IR), visible, and ladar data. A novel sensor system environment (based on WESCAM's technology) consisting of IR, visible, and ladar sensor systems mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, IR scene projector, and synthetic scene generation software will be designed for the capability of performing feasibility studies. The data collection portion of this environment will be multi-faceted with sub-systems consisting of the sensor instrumentation, the readout electronics and signal processor, and a non-real time simulation environment for verification and real time algorithm development. The readout electronics and signal processor will be running in a real time environment. Within the signal processor EWE will develop fusion algorithms using model based Bayesian methods. The electro-optical data fusion environment will be developed fully in Phase II. Using this environment the Bayesian sensor fusion algorithms will be evaluated for real time performance. Synthetically generated scenes with embedded targets corresponding to a number of realistic situations will be used in this Phase I feasibility study. Performance improvements resulting from this real time fusion environment will be quantified. EWE will design in Phase I, a prototype electro-optical real time fusion system. The proposed system will have numerous NMD and TMD applications, such as SBIRS, THAAD, and automatic target recognition , as well as Autonomous Robotic Vehicle Navigation, and Medical Diagnostics |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5594
Olaleye Aina BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Speed GaSb-based Near-Mid Infrared Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | Epitaxial Technologies proposes to develop the enabling material technology for the realization of near-mid infrared photodetectors operating in the 1.7 - 3.5 mm wavelength spectral band. We will achieve this by performing device designs to determine suitable material structures, epitaxial growth and device fabrication processes. The primary goal of this proposed Phase I effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of mid-near infrared photodetectors by developing techniques for growing highly absorbing heterostructures with high carrier confinement properties using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and projecting the detector performance that can be realised from the proposed detectors through material and device designs. In Phase II, we will further optimize the material structures and design and fabricate near-mid infrared photodetectors and optoelectronic integrated circuits based on them. This project will result in two products: photodetectors in the 1.7 - 3.5 um spectral band and the wafers for fabricating them. The photodetectors will be applicable in missile seekers, battlefield target identification and recognition systems, and eyesafe LADAR. Civilian applications include fiberoptic telecommunications, remote sensing and laser spectroscopy. |
| GT TECHNOLOGIES
19 Courtney Rd. Farmingville, NY 11738 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 696-4898
Liu Zhimin BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | MEMS IR SENSOR |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the fabrication of a novel uncooled IR detector array having significant spectrum coverage, size, weight, speed, and cost advantages over the current ones. The innovation is based on the utilization of micro-mechanical-system (MEMS) of high figures of merits and Si monolithic integration compatibility. The proposed simple MEMS photon detector structure allows optical read-out design. Optical read-out is an attractive alternative to uncooled IR imagers, which potentially eliminates the major drawback of electronic means that inevitably introduce additional thermal loss to the signal due to the contact made to the detector element. In the Phase I a high-performance MEMS photon detector coupled with a compact optical read-out system will be demonstrated. Success in the Phase I effort will identify a viable manufacturing route for advanced uncooled IR imaging array fabrication. These devices have a wide range of "dual use" applications, from various DoD's space-based applications to commercial applications of fire fighting, law enforcement, industrial control, and driver's aid. |
| HR TECHNOLOGY
1248 Cresthaven Dr. Silver Spring, MD 20903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 445-2051
Rui Yang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Mid-IR Photodetectors Based on Type-II Quantum Wells |
| Abstract: | In this program, we propose to develop complex superlattices based on type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures for mid-IR (~3-12 microns) detectors. These type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures have relatively larger electron effective masses compared to the state-of-the-art IR material HgCdTe, leading to a strong reduction of leakage currents due to tunneling. Also, Auger recombination can be suppressed in these type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures through band structure engineering, which has been evidenced in type-II quantum well lasers demonstrated by us and others. The phase I effort will be directed towards the design, MBE growth, characterization and optimization of type-II InAs/GaInSb/AlSb superlattices to demonstrate their feasibility for mid-IR applications. High performance detectors will be developed in Phase II. The proposed approach will greatly improve overall performance of semiconductor photodetectors in the long wavelength infrared spectrum. This research should considerably accelerate the realization and commercialization of efficient semiconductor long-wavelength infrared photodetectors to meet the demand for defense and commercial applications. |
| HYPRES., INC.
175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 592-1190
Igor Vernik BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Resolution STJ X-ray Detectors with Annular Geometry |
| Abstract: | Superconducting X-ray detectors offer the potential for improved performance over detectors that are now commercially available. HYPRES proposes to design superconducting detectors that realize this improved performance. HYPRES will exploit its ability to produce ultra-high quality Nb STJ's with improved energy resolution. This goal will be met using specially designed STJs with annular geometry; NbN leads to enhance trapping efficiency, and, ultimately, fabrication of STJs on SiN membranes. Annular geometry STJs have already established the feasibility of performance as high-quality STJs offering stability of the operating point together with suppression of the Josephson effect and the Fiske resonances as well as reduction in quasiparticle losses. The Phase I work plan calls for calibration of annular STJs as X-ray detectors. NbN leads be added and, in Phase II, STJs will be developed on micromachined silicon nitride, 0.6 mm thick, membranes. HYPRES will become a commercial source of cost-effective, reliable high-energy resolution monolithic X-ray detectors for soft X-rays. These sensors are in demand at synchrotron sources, for X-ray astronomy, and for elemental compositional analysis. This project will produce an X-ray detector with an enhanced performance/cost ratio, suitable for application as well as in the microelectronics fabrication and metallurgy industries. |
| LICOM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 236 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-4012
Edward Novitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Parallel Polarimeter Using Liquid Crystal Patterned Phase Mask |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project is directed at developing a liquid crystal patterned phase mask that can be coupled with a CCD detector array to allow single-frame characterization of an image's polarization content in terms of Stokes vectors. A major objective of this project is to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for the use of the phase mask in a functional polarimeter through a display of its operation. Polarization imaging provides a greater set of information and can provide scene details normally inaccessible with intensity imaging alone. For example, a thin sheet of ice is normally difficult to detect with conventional imaging but is readily identified by examining its polarization signature. There is a broad interest in the effective use of polarized light in both the civilian and millitary sectors, especially with respect to hazard and target identification. Due to the adaptibility of the proposed phase mask approach, it is anticipated that real-time polarization imaging can be realized to complement existing technology and provide the end user with additional imaging enhancements. Through this development, it would be possible to carry out polarization sensing for better quality imaging for a vriety of military and commercial applications. This includes, but is not limited to, 2-D ellipsometry for sensing properties of surfaces and interfaces, spectra-polarimetry for chemical applications, remote sensing, astronomical polarimetry, polarization meteorology, and radar polarimetry. We believe that this technology development will result in a substantial cost reduction compared to currently available polarization analyzers and imagers. |
| LICOM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 236 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-4012
Edward Novitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Portable Polarimeter |
| Abstract: | Polarization imaging is a promising technique that can provide scene details otherwise obscurred with conventional intensity imaging. The polarization characteristics of radiation contain a greater amount of information about the origins of the radiation and can aid in target identification and hazard detection. This SBIR Phase I project is directed at developing a liquid crystal polarization analyzer that will form the core technology behind a real-time polarization imaging system. The approach uses innovative liquid crystal materials and structures to simultaneously accomplish the necessary polarization retardation and rotation changes. Using liquid crystals allows an all-electrical approach to polarzation imaging and offers significant advantages in terms of higher speed and lower cost over the current class of mechancially-driven devices. Since intensity imaging is a subset of polarization imaging, in essence, anywhere a conventional intensity-based imaging system is used, a polarization imaging system can be substituted. As imaging plays a vital role throughout military and commercial sectors, polarization imaging is expected to have wide-spread applications. Additionally, the proposed liquid crystal approach is well-suited for incorporation into existing technology and may obviate the need for equipment replacement. Polarization imaging systems accel at enhancing scene details, especially in low-contrast or intensity-cluttered environments. For example, polarization imaging can benefit the civilian sector, by detecting ice on airplane wings, and the military sector, by detecting partially submerged land mines. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1288
Mark Arbore BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Coherent laser radar sensor with pump-resonant OPO |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this SBIR program is to develop an ultra-narrow linewidth laser technology capable of efficiently producing continuous-wave (CW) output in the mid-IR wavelength range. Such sources are required for coherent laser radar systems used for (acoustic signature)target identification. This need is particularly strong in the littoral battle environment. However, no suitable laser sources are currently available. In this program, we will demonstrate a pump-resonant optical parametric oscillator at 3.82 microns, verify kilohertz linewidth operation, and identify a technical path to Watt-level power scaling. Compact and efficient sources of single-frequency radiation are used in numerous communications and sensing systems, and in instrumentation for testing these systems. The improvements in available wavelength range and high-power operation to be developed during this project will enhance their applicability to these industries, particularly for telecommunications device testing. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1219
Donna Howland BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Infrared Countermeasure Source based on Mode-locked Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier Laser |
| Abstract: | Results have shown that CW optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can produce high power at 3.5 micron, but have problems going to longer wavelengths. Synchronously-pumped mode-locked OPOs pumped by diode-pumped solid-state lasers are emerging as solutions to the CW problems at the longer IR range. The key to obtaining longer wavelengths is short pulses, which allow shorter lengths of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) to be used since PPLN is absorptive beyond 4.3 micron. To pump the synch-pumped OPO, we propose to build a low-power (air-cooled), short-pulse source based on a mode-locked master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) laser. We will then amplify the master oscillator with a new fiber amplification approach that has recently come available from great advancements in the fiber optic technology. There are many advantages of the fiber amplifier including it's straight forward design. Although, the main risk to consider with this fiber amplification approach is driving the fiber with too much signal peak power. The nonlinear problems associated with having too much peak power could be solved by increasing the core size of the fiber relative to the cladding size. This would help because not only will the intensity decrease, but the absorption per unit length will increase. One particulary valuable application of synchronously-pumped mode-locked OPOs pumped by master oscillator-power amplifiers for the military is in high-power laser systems used for IR countermeasures (IRCM). Other applications in the commerical sector include remote sensing, spectroscopy, medical instruments, and laser display systems. Laser display systems require ~10 W per color (red/green/blue). The market for laser sources for projection displays is estimated to be 5,000 units per year starting in a few years. This is a huge business by the current standards of the solid-state laser industry. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Lev Tuchinskiy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Low Temperature Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | A new design for low temperature cryocooler regenerators for advanced infrared sensor systems is proposed. The porous regenerator matrix includes at least two microchannel segments made of different materials whose maximum thermal capacities correspond to the temperature zones where these segments operate. One of the materials is a magnetic rare earth intermetallic compound (e.g. Er3Ni), and another one is lead. Microchannel structure of regenerator matrices offers the highest ratio of heat transfer area to pressure drop and more efficient use of heat capacity of matrix materials. The project deals with a novel patented method for fabrication of microchanneled regenerators from lead, which exhibits high heat capacity in the temperature range of 10 K-30K. The fabrication technique includes co-extrusion of Pb powders with fillers. It offers a possibility to fabricate most efficient regenerator matrices with a controlled surface area and a low fluid flow resistance. The mechanical stability and thermal performance of these regenerators is expected to be much better than that of the beds packed with spherical particles. In cryogenic applications, the high performance regenerators are instrumental in the development of small refrigerators for military infrared sensors, electronics, and superconductors. Commercial uses involve cryopumping and cooling superconducting magnets in medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, wireless communications, missile tracking, surveillance, astronomy, mapping, weather monitoring, and earth resource monitoring. |
| MICROLAB
6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-3458
Charles Wheeler BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Far-infrared Photo Detectors based on Photo-assisted Interband Tunneling |
| Abstract: | Semiconductor detectors based on quantum wells and superlattices for Teraherz (THz) range (0.3THZ to 10THz or far infrared) have not been explored fully in comparison with detectors in shorter wavelengths. Various other approaches (Ge, GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP, HgCdTe, etc.) have been proposed and experimented, but progress has been hindered by the low sensitivity, high leakage current, and low operating temperature limitations. Here, a new device concept for the detection of THz radiation is proposed. The working principle is based on the THz photo-assisted interband tunneling in a semiconductor multi-quantum well structure under a high electric field. The proposed device has the potential advantages of high speed, high sensitivity, and wide voltage tunability. The device structure can be based on the relatively mature InGaAs/InAlAs/InP material system and the device fabrication is similar to conventional p-i-n photo-diodes. During Phase I, both theoretical and experimental studies will be carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed device concept. The Phase II work will focus on the optimization of the device structure and fabrication process to provide prototype detectors and detector arrays suitable for THz radiation detection. Sensitive, high speed and wavelength tunable THz detectors have many potential applications such as T-ray imaging, covert communication, environment sensing, and chemical agent detection. |
| MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10386B Democracy Lane Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 293-8910
Jose Velazco BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | A Compact Cold-Cathode Electron Buncher |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will involve the experimental investigation of a compact cold-cathode microwave electron buncher (CCEB) that has diverse applications such as high-frequency radiation sources for BMDO sensors. The CCEB combines the features of novel microscopic vacuum triodes with the robust and reliable solid-state technology and should provide order of magnitude improvements in size and power over state-of-the-art counterparts. Initial studies for an X-band buncher indicate that driving the CCEB with 0.4 watts at 8.4 GHz, narrow electron bunches with a current of 30 milliamperes at a voltage of 10 kV can be achieved. The use of a reliable cold-cathode, in addition to its compactness, power efficiency and ruggedness, makes the CCEB ideal for airborne applications. Commercial applications of the CCEB include electron sources for the next generation of microwave devices such as klystrons and travelling wave tubes for satellite communications. Another key application of the CCEB is as a source of very short electron bunches for medical and industrial electron accelerators. Phase I is aimed at an initial dc study of the CCEB cathode, design of impedance matching networks, as well as particle-in-cell computer studies to establish credible estimates of beam power, input power, efficiency, maximum current and other key parameters. The CCEB should provide order of magnitude improvements in size and power over existent technologies by using a miniature gated cold-cathode which eliminates the need for heating elements and yields a super-fast turn-on microwave-driven electron source. The CCEB is a very compact, high-speed buncher that should be able to provide narrow high-frequency electron bunches for many applications. Of particular interest are electron accelerators and millimeter-wave sources for airborne radar, satellite communications, wireless television and communications, cellular telephones, and the microwave power module. |
| MS TECHNOLOGY
7922 Avenida Kirjah La Jolla, CA 92037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 558-6363
Saeid Ghamaty BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Low Cost Magnetometer For Target Identification |
| Abstract: | MS Technology (MST) proposes to develop a new type of low cost, low power, fast and small magnetometer that could attain a sensitivity of approximately 1 femto Tesla (10-15 T) per root hertz. Magnetometers with such sensitivity could easily be used for small target identification from rifles, to vehicles, or large targets such as planes, boats and submarines, on ground, air, or water. This new magnetometer could be in a small (~SO8, ~5x4x2mm3), low power instrument package operating at ambient temperature. Such sensitivity currently requires costly superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that needs expensive and cumbersome cryogenics to operate. In Phase I, MST will quantify the performance gains possible from this new magnetometer and its measurement of magnetic field and noise in operational contexts for target identification. MST will develop system concepts, evaluate and benchmark performance, cost and compatibility for a complete magnetometer system. MST will explore all additional uses/value-added of the sensor option, and will specify hardware/software requirements and sources for a complete prototype system. MST will limit demonstration of selected sensors to provide proof of feasibility. The development of low cost, high performance, modular, miniature magnetometer delivery systems will expand the commercial markets for home and industrial security systems, industrial process monitoring systems, and environmental monitoring systems. The magnetometer would also augment the capability to detect submarines by using an array seeded around narrow traffic lanes. It could find use in detecting land and naval mines, and in making sensitive proximity fuses. Commercial uses include prospecting for mineral deposits, nondestructive testing, and research in geomagnetic and biomagnetic studies. |
| NITRONEX CORP.
616 Hutton Street - Suite 104 Raleigh, NC 27606 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 807-9100
Mark Johnson BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Pendeoepitaxy of III-Nitride Based Photodiodes for Solar Blind UV Detection and Imaging |
| Abstract: | Nitronex, in collaboration with North Carolina State University (NCSU), proposes to develop the world's first pendeoepitaxy grown aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) short wavelenth / solar blind UV heterojunction photodetector. During Phase 1, epitaxial layers for photodiode detector structures based on our proprietary pendeoepitaxy process will be synthesized and prototype structures will be demonstrated. Issues addressed during Phase 1 are the pendeoepitaxy growth of AlGaN via MOVPE; growth and doping of high mole fraction AlGaN for solar blind spectral response with x~0.50 for n-type and x~0.35 for p-type; graded active layer AlGaN heterostructure of p-i-n devices for maximized solar blind spectral sensitivity; and pendeoepitaxial device layout design rules for minimum junction leakage and maximized (D*) detectivity. The proposed device structure is a back illuminated p-on-n diode on an UV transparent substrate. With the successful demonstration of the AlGaN pendeoepitaxy approach using discrete photodiodes, an imaging focal plane array may be developed during Phase 2 via hybridization with a silicon-based readout device, as has been demonstrated by NCSU for III-nitride based visible blind UV detectors. The growth, fabrication and characterization of high mole fraction AlGaN and pendeoepitaxial structures will be performed by Nitronex personnel, using facilities at Nitronex and NCSU. Development of high-detectivity diode sensors for UV applications have the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes in `solar blind' and other applications due to their performance, cost and functional superiority. In critical DoD applications, such as UV-imagers for missile plume tracking, these detectors will be smaller, lighter weight, and more rugged than existing technologies. Other potential product applications include: Industrial flame sensing and weld imaging, UV and solar astronomy FPAs, extremely high density optical data storage, and consumer oriented personal solar exposure meters. |
| NOVA PHASE, LLC
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-3065
MIchael Scripsick BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Broad Electronically Tuned mid-IR OPO |
| Abstract: | We propose a broadly-tunable mid-IR laser based on an efficient, electronically tunable frequency conversion technique. This Phase I research effort will investigate the development of an electro-optically tuned, periodically poled optical parametric oscillator. Distingushing features of the proposed laser system include all solid state construction, a broad continuous tuning range, rapid frequency agility, and compact, rugged construction, and low cost. Frequency agile mid-IR sources are increasing important in a variety of military and commercial applications. Military applications include infrared countermeasures (IRCM, DIRCM. CMWS), standoff detection of chemical and biological weapons (LR-BSDS, SR-BSDS), standoff detection of weapons of mass destruction, and treaty verification. The proposed systems provides a low-cost, ruggedized and portable solution well suited for mass production. |
| OPTOLOCITY, INC.
7159 E. Cortez Rd. Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 991-4593
Sergio Chaparro BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Resonant-Cavity Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | The next generation sensors and imagers will require low-cost and multi-wavelength high-performance infrared detector technology in the 3-5 mm and 8-15 mm windows. We propose to design and fabricate prototype highly efficient, radiation hard, and narrow-band resonant-cavity quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIP). One of the novelties of the proposed quantum-dot infrared photodetectors is the introduction of a resonant cavity. By introducing it, a very high spectral resolution from such photodetectors is expected with a close to 100% quantum efficiency. The optical transition selection rules in semiconductor quantum dots allow normal incidence detection. This new design is potentially able to provide monolithically integrated multi-color photodetectors with a spectral response in more than 3 colors, which has not been demonstrated so far by using other materials but which is highly desirable for newer generation high performance IR photodetectors. Optolocity is committed to develop MWIR lasers and photodetectors for free space optical wireless communications, chemical sensing, IR imaging, and IRCM applications. It will license and commercialize numerous patented technologies and inventions in his research group at ASU. This Phase I program provides an opportunity to Optolocity to demonstrate a prototype resonant cavity IR quantum dot photodetector. |
| PHOTONICS LABORATORIES, INC.
University City Science Center 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 387-9970
Rachid Gafsi BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Novel Heterodimensional Sensors |
| Abstract: | The sensing element is the heart of a sensor. A generic requirement for any sensor is that it only responds to the particular stimulus since all other stimuli are considered noise. The basic physics of the operation of a sensor thus determines the limit of its sensitivity. Here we build upon a family of proposed light sensors in which sensor noise is substantially reduced by altering the nature of current transport. This is done by 1) confining the electrons in a reduced dimensional regime such as a quantum well or wire, and 2) producing a contact of a different dimension to this electron cloud. These hetero-dimensional Devices substantially affect current transport. We will fabricate and test detectors for operation in near infrared (NIR) regime that will surpass present technology in terms of dark current and responsivity. We will fabricate and test Photodiodes, Photoconductors, Schottky diodes, and HEMTs on the same monolithic substrate demonstrating the feasibility of the fabrication of all the elements necessary for a photoreceiver, or an imaging array. We show that by applying this design strategy to a different material system operation in 1300 and 1550 nm range will be possible. As result of the phase I work, devices that exceed present technology in terms of noise performanc and sensitivity will be fabricated and tested. Initial concentration is on 700-900 nm range followed by work in 1300-1550nm range. Applications of these devices are in a variety of areas, but the most promising are the following: 1. Sensory array for remote sensing. 2. Laser communication in free space 3. Wavelength Division Multiplexing receivers 4. Near Infrared Medical Imaging. |
| POLAR MATERIALS CO.
5505 Castle Manor Drive San Jose, CA 95129 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 255-8345
Gary Bush BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS |
| Abstract: | Many uses of cryocoolers, such as spacecraft and weapons systems, place a premium on a light, compact compressor. Those applications, as well as most terrestrial applications, prize reliability, which is enhanced by eliminating rubbing parts. The standard space-qualifiable cryocooler compressor today is a variant of the "Oxford" approach, in which flexures support the piston with a clearance seal. Tactical coolers typically employ contact seals. Oxford-type compressors tend to be large; tactical coolers tend to wear out fairly quickly. The concept proposed here is a compact helium compressor using balanced diaphragms with minimal dead volume and high specific output. It will generate minimal vibration. There will be no rubbing parts to wear, and the fatigue life of the diaphragms can match that of the flexure springs in Oxford-type compressors. The proposed compressor will be scaleable over a wide range of sizes to accommodate a variety of applications where relatively high frequency operations are required. Everything needed to produce a very compact cryocooler system exists except a light weight, efficient compressor. This proposal is to design that compact compressor. The compressor will find immediate applications driving Stirling and pulse tube coolers for infrared sensors. It will also find utility wherever volume and weight are at a premium. Its low vibration characteristics will be valuable to the IC chip manufacturing process and in MRI applications. |
| RADIANT RESEARCH, INC.
3006 Longhorn Blvd, Suite 105 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0500
Suning Tang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Monolithic Integrated Optical True-Time-Delay Modules for Wideband Phased Array Antennas. |
| Abstract: | It has been realized that the lack of enabling technology and of miniaturized system architecture of beam forming and steering network significantly slow down the process in implementing photonic phased array antenna systems. Radiant Research, Inc. proposes a compact optical switched true-time-delay network for wideband phased array antennas. The unique feature of this proposed approach is that both the true-time-delay waveguide circuit and 2x2 waveguide switches are made by using a single polymeric waveguide system and are monolithically integrated in a single substrate. As a result, it eliminates the most difficult packaging problem associated with the delicate interfaces between optical PM fibers and 2x2 optical switches. Such a monolithic approach offers more precision for the RF phase control than the fiber-delay-lines due to the sub-micrometer accuracy of lithography-defined polymeric waveguides. More important, the proposed optical switched true-time-delay network requires a very low electrical power consumption due to the low power consumption of polymeric thermo-optic waveguide switches. Furthermore, the switching performance is independent of the surrounding temperature but the local temperature difference between the two-coupled waveguides, which is ideal for airborne and space-based applications. The proposed integrated waveguide beam steering network represents a crucial technology for advanced photonic radar systems. The technology developed can also be directly employed in optical switching network for fiber-optic transmission systems. Realization of optical switched polymeric waveguide circuits represents a new technology that may create many new photonic devices with superior performance at a reduced cost. |
| SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1601 N Sepulveda Blvd, P.O. 501 Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 455-0665
Keith Norsworthy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral Infrared Signal Processing (HISP) |
| Abstract: | On a current SBIR Phase II program (Reference 1), SAGE Technologies Inc. has developed infrared sensor signal processing algorithms that promise significant improvements in BMD infrared sensor performance when detecting and tracking target objects that move relative to a strong background clutter. The findings show that best performance is obtained using a "Short Scan" sensor mode. This new Phase I proposal recommends a method for implementing Hyperspectral measurements that is compatible with the "Short Scan" sensor mode and should lead to further improvements in background clutter suppression and target / decoy discrimination. The new sensor design uses a Hyperspectral filter in direct contact with the cryogenically cooled detector array. The sensor image is scanned over the detector array and modified Time Delayed Integration (TDI) processing is used to derive multiple sensor images that are weighted according to their Hyperspectral properties. Preliminary discussions with industry organizations, and Government program organizations, have shown a wide degree of interest in supporting joint development of the new integrated technology. Based on this broad interest, and the possible impact on near term National Defense (Ballistic Missile Defense and Cruise Missile Defense), SAGE Technologies and its team partners expect to recommend a Fast Track approach to the technology development and technology insertion. Improved performance of Ballistic Missile Defense and Cruise Missile Defense systems, particularly in regard to the suppression of background clutter and the discrimination of targets from decoys. Commercial surveillance of crop quality and environmental pollution. |
| SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21 Cavalier Way Latham, NY 12110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 783-4369
Remis Gaska BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Solar Blind AlInGaN Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop solar-blind Schottky barrier AlInGaN-based photodetectors by combining our novel Strain/Energy Band Engineering (SEBE) technology, selective area growth technique, and device passivation for the leakage current reduction. The major advantages of the proposed design are (i) reduction of strain and, thus, epilayer cracking, in selectively grown active regions of the detectors; (ii) reduction of epilayer cracking by growing nearly strain-free AlGaN-AlInGaN heterostructures. We will use AlInGaN layers and multi-layered structures with graded Al/In molar fractions in order to accommodate lattice mismatch between the substrate and active AlGaN photodetector layer. We will grow epilayers on conducting SiC substrates with conducting buffers. The conducting SiC substrates will allow us to not only to improve material quality, but will also act as bottom electrode of the detectors and detector arrays. By the end of Phase II, we will complete the development of the fabrication process for these detectors and detector arrays and scale up this technology to the production levels. Potential military and commercial applications include missile detection, flame sensing and UV spectroscopy |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
J. Dries BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | A Two-Dimensional Lock-in Imaging InGaAs Focal plane Array |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative near-infrared (0.9 æm - 1.7 æm) imaging device with synchronous detection capability. The device will consist of an InGaAs focal plane array that is "bump bonded" to an array of GaAs MESFET preamplifiers. The preamplifier architecture is unique in that the user may actively modulate the transimpedance gain of the amplifier array. This enables the system designer to fabricate an "imaging" lock-in amplifier, wherein very small signals may be extracted from a much larger ambient background if the frequency of an illuminating source is known. Such a system would have utility in covert surveillance systems and would enable the use of low-power diode laser designators. In Phase I, we will demonstrate the synchronous detector architecture using our production InGaAs linear arrays hybridized to commercially available Si transimpedance amplifiers. In addition, a linear array of pre-amps will be designed using a commercial GaAs MESFET process. In Phase II, the GaAs linear arrays will be fabricated and the final two-dimensional array designed, fabricated, and tested. Prof. S. R. Forrest of Princeton University will consult. In addition to the utility of the above device in low-light level imaging systems, there is a tremendous opportunity for commercialization of a similar product in the field of fiber optic telecommunications. Currently deployed Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) systems operate in the wavelength band of 1.530 æm - 1.565 æm and use single element InGaAs based receivers. The amplifier architecture developed within this program is directly applicable to use in DWDM systems by simply fixing the transimpedance gain at a particular value instead of actively modulating it in a synchronous detector configuration. |
| SMART PIXEL, INC.
1416, Dunrobin Rd Naperville, IL 60540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 248-7441
Renganathan Ashokan BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Large format HgCdTe/CdTe/Silicon infrared focal plane arrays based on MBE technology |
| Abstract: | The infrared technology has provided the theatrical superiority to U.S Defense. Intensive research and development efforts have led to the existence of a robust infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) technology for small and medium size formats. 256 x 256 IRFPAs are available for inclusion into military systems and 480 x 640 have been demonstrated. Ongoing production programs include JAVELIN, SADA II, JASSM, and AGM130. Large format IRFPA is a critical technology to enhance the resolution and range of detection to meet the U.S future security needs. HgCdTe IRFPAs with 1024 x 1024 elements have been identified as the candidate for the new generation of IRFPAs. The thermal mismatch between the CdZnTe and the readout circuit limits the extension to larger formats. An alternative technology is proposed here, the essence of which is the replacement of the exotic CdZnTe substrate with a readily available and inexpensive silicon (Si) substrate. We propose to exploit the recent advances in molecular beam epitaxially grown HgCdTe/CdTe/Si to produce large format (1024x1024), high resolution IRFPAs. No supplier, domestic or foreign, for mega pixel IRFPAs exists. Optimization of the proposed technology will lead to rugged, low cost, high density and high resolution IRFPAs with operability >99.9%. Large format focal plane arrays will find enormous applications in military, space and medical imaging areas for infrared imaging and low-background detection. It will be particularly suitable for military's intelligence, countermeasure operations and NASA's space based spectroscopic applications. HgCdTe based devices, with the advantage of small electron mass, high mobilities, large electron saturation velocities have considerable advantages for a variety of new micro-electronic and optoelectronic applications. SPI is fully committed to fabricate and commercialize infrared detectors and arrays if this program is successful. Smartpixel Inc will work closely with Northrop Grumman DS to integrate it into the systems. |
| SPINIX CORP.
43-301 Buena Vista Street Innovation & Technology Devens, MA 01432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 772-9867
Yi-Qun Li BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Novel Acoustic Resonat Readout Technology For IR Imaging |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the feasibility of a novel integrated sensor array for uncooled thermal imaging applications. The novel detection concept- resonating acoustic read-out detection technique proposed here will dramatically reduce the noise and increase the sensitivity of infrared photo detection. Most importantly, the detection electronics is thermally isolated from the infrared sensor electrode, therefore nearly eliminates the signal loss due to the thermal link. Success in the Phase I effort will demonstrates the validity of the concept and identify a viable fabrication route for the array which use advanced multifunctional materials. Applications of the developed sensors will have direct application to wide range of uncooled thermal imaging applications. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Aaron Moy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors with Tailored Spectral Response |
| Abstract: | Quantum dot (QD) infrared photodetectors offer promise to improve performance over current bulk material technology. Namely, QD devices can have higher detectivity and reduced needs for cryogenic cooling. An observation made with current QD detectors is the existence of a peaked response window. This is due to the quantum size effects and selection rules that QDs experience, and the fact that these conventional detector structures utilize only one specific type of QD. For this Phase I study, we propose to create multiple layers of QDs, with different layers intentionally comprised of different types of QDs. Combining these layers, each tuned to a slightly different wavelength, we can create a detector which has an overall broader spectral response window tailored to specific applications. Quantum dot infrared detectors can offer better performance with reduced need for cryogenic cooling as compared to current technology, such as HgCdTe. Infrared sensors can be applied to target detection, satellite imaging, gas spectroscopy and astronomy. |
| SY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
5170 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 240 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9095
Michele Banish BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Surface Structures to Improve Sensor Systems |
| Abstract: | Lithographic technology offers opportunities to embed collection optics in detector arrays to improve fill-factor, and sensitivity for the following materials: Si, InSb, CdZnTe, CdTe, SiAs. A proposed surface structure etched into the sensing plane can perform the function of a high-performance multilayer anti-reflection coating and focus light onto the active sensing element. The impact of mating this new lithographic technology to the manufacturing process of military sensor systems is the removal of components (the microlense array and anti-reflecting coating) and minimizing the fabrication steps (microlense mounting and anti-reflective coating) while gaining sensor performance. Recent developments in photo-lithographic, interferometric-lithographic and etching technology make these multi-functional surface structures possible. The technology scales with wavelength and applies to all imaging systems. The integration of optical surfaces into focal planes improves battlespace visualization involving Army thermal imaging systems in tanks, helicopters, missiles, autonomous scout vehicles, and Mounted Battlespace Battle Lab. The Phase I effort demonstrates microlense and anti-reflective surfaces etched in electro-optic materials improve coupling of signals into electro-optic devices that support the next-generation monolithically integrated electronics. Most importantly, the technology offers sensor improvements for a broad spectral range from "UV to radar" which is key to the BMDO mission. Surface microstructures that direct light into electro-optic devices have the potential to be more rugged than conventional coatings. They also offer greatly increased design flexibility, reduced fabrication temperatures, tend to be less thermally sensitive, and do not exhibit cohesion or thermal expansion problems associated with anti-reflection coatings. They can be fabricated with existing equipment and are compatible with sensor manufacturing processes. The proposed path develops a commercial fabrication capability for focal planes and optics. Embedded surface structures are common to commercial systems for telecommunications, automotive and consumer electronics (DVD and CD players). |
| TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
5445 Conestoga Court #2A Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 443-2262
Scott Willen BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS |
| Abstract: | Many advanced space-based reconnaissance systems critical to national security employ infrared detectors that must be cooled to 45 K and below. All current low temperature cryocoolers consume large amounts of power that significantly impact the spacecraft power budget and must ultimately be rejected to space. These cryocoolers are also heavy, very expensive, lack consistency of performance, and do not have demonstrated reliaibility. The objective of this Phase I study is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of an Efficient Low-Temperature Cryocooler (ELTC) that will provide cooling below 45 K with a Carnot efficiency greater than 10 percent. It is based upon a unique expansion engine design that is fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. Using this technology, the ELTC will be compact, low-weight, reliable, low-cost, and have negligible vibration. Its operational capabilities include variable load capability and a distributed cold-head that can accommodate large area focal plane assemblies (FPA). These features and capaiblities will significantly reduce satellite power and heat rejection requirements, decrease overall weight, and greatly simplify cooling system integration. The capability to uniformly cool large area FPAs to temperatures of 45 K and below will enable high resolution, large field-of-view sensor systems critical for advanced space reconnaissance missions. The features of this unique cooling system will provide the capability to uniformly cool large area FPAs to temperatures of 45 K and below, ushering in an era of high resolution sensors with large field of views critical for advanced space reconnaissance missions. Development of this revolutionary cooling system will dramatically improve our nation's satellite surveillance capabilities to meet future national security needs. A modification of this technology will provide cooling from 70 K to 240 K for high-temperature superconductors, the telecommunications industry, and CMOS cooling. |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
375 Van Ness Ave, Suite 1105 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 212-7808
Danny Eliyahu BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Tunable MMW Source Using Stable Infra-red Laser Diodes and Traveling Wave Photodetector |
| Abstract: | WaveBand Corporation proposes to develop a new tunable millimeter-wave (MMW) source compatible with MMIC technology. The source is based on a specially designed multisection distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser and ultrafast integrated photodetector. Two sections in the laser segment will provide the different infrared (IR) frequencies that later will be heterodyned into the photodetector to extract the MMWs. The device will have the ability to tune the MMW frequency by controlling the current flowing through one of the DFB sections. Noise will be reduced by a third section, which will couple the light of the two DFB sections, thus decreasing the MMW linewidth. The new source is expected to be much less expensive than the state-of-the-art MMW sources and thus has a high potential for applications as a local oscillator in sensors, MMW radars, steering antennas, and other MMIC devices. |
| XYBION CORP.
240 Cedar Knolls Road Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 538-5111
King Leung BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | HIGH SPEED, LARGE-APERTURE ACOUSTO-OPTIC FREQUENCY MODULATION AND FREQUENCY MULTIPLEXING (AO-FM2) FOR LASER COMMUNICATION |
| Abstract: | Laser communication with satellites and remote vehicles poses particular communication problems be-cause of the severe weight, power and environmental constraints. This proposal examines a new acousto-optic (AO) technique to modulate a retro-reflected laser beam and achieve high-speed communication. The resulting system is compact, low power, low cost, and is capable of exceeding 5 Mbps. Our scalable AO technique utilizes high-speed frequency modulation to provide a high-modulation rate in the commu-nication link, while frequency multiplexing is introduced to overcome the fundamental limitation of the system-response time (imposed by the transit time of the acoustic signal across the diameter of the laser beam in the AO medium). The performance of our AO modulation technique will be examined in order to identify the optimal solution for operations on small, low power, remote platforms in support of Theater Missile Defense battle management, command, control, and communications (BMC3). Specifications, a preliminary design and a performance model will be developed for the optimal modulated retro-reflector system. The high-modulation rate, compact, and secure low-power communication provided by this sys-tem has a wide range of military and commercial applications, including communication to UAVs, covert surveillance devices, TV broadcasting and unattended ground sensors. The AO-FM2 provides an excellent solution for a number of applications, including remote secure com-munication with miniature covert surveillance devices (IUGS, special operations, etc.), ground to micro-UAV communication, and low-earth orbit satellite communication. In addition, the small size, low cost and lack of alignment requirements make is suitable for remote security camera applications, TV broad-casting, and commercial free space communication. |
| ANVIK CORP.
6 Skyline Drive Hawthorne, NY 10532 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 345-2442
Nestor Farmiga BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Optimized Microvia Generation Technology for Low-cost Manufacturing of Electronic Modules |
| Abstract: | In the manufacturing of electronic modules, microvias have enabled significant improvements in module performance, weight, and size by allowing much denser interconnects in multi-layer circuits. The microvia generating technology used to drill the vias determines not only the ultimate device density but also the economics of the entire manufacturing process. Conventional microvia generation technologies suffer from either very low speeds, or very expensive additional process steps. This proposal presents a program for developing a novel, optimized microvia generation system technology capable of via formation rates that are one hundred times or more faster than the best current technologies. This throughput improvement can be achieved without loss of the benefits of a maskless, direct-write technology which eliminates additional costly process steps. It is expected that the combined benefits of higher throughputs and direct-writing will dramatically reduce the manufacturing costs for a variety of advanced electronic modules. In Phase I we will investigate several new system concept designs, carry out performance projections, and demonstrate technical feasibility. In Phase II we will design, build and test a fully operational prototype system, which will be developed into a product to be introduced to market in Phase III. The proposed microvia generation system technology will enable significantly higher - on the order of 100X - microvia formation rates than current technologies without sacrificing the benefits of direct writing. These advances will have tremendous benefits to military and commercial advanced electronic module manufacturing, allowing significantly reduced costs. |
| AST PRODUCTS, INC.
9 Linnell Circle Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 663-7652
Ih-Houng Loh BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Novel Anti-Reflective Coating to Improve Microelectronic Processings |
| Abstract: | One of the primary processes used for device patterning in the electronics industry is deep ultraviolet photolithography. However, the highly reflective substrates require reduction of this reflectivity to minimize standing waves and to maintain tight dimensional control. Most of the industry uses anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) which are applied using the spin coating technique. Unfortunately, spin coating is not a conformal coating and tends to planarize complex geometries, essentially filling in the holes and rounding the features. This results in erosion of feature sidewalls and loss of dimensional integrity. The industry requires a new process for application of ARCs which is highly conformal, has low defect density, and is equally applicable to substrates up to 12" diameter. Chemical Vapor Deposition of parylene is a mature technology that has been exploited by the electronics and medical industries for use as a conformal dielectric and biocompatible coating. Parylene, however, also has many properties desirable for ARCs, such as, excellent thickness control and uniformity, absorbance in the deep UV regime, low defect density, and superior conformality. We propose to investigate the deposition of parylene films for use as an Anti-Reflective Coating used in deep UV photolithography. We will assess parylene's suitability for use as an ARC in comparison to spin-coated ARCs. Continuing into Phase II we will develop processes and processing equipment to tailor material properties to enable the use of parylene coatings as fully-functional high performance ARCs. The availability of highly conformal (non-planarizing) anti-reflective coatings is essential for continued improvements in deep ultraviolet photolithographic processes used by the electronics |