| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
1245 Lyons Road, Building G Dayton, OH 45458 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Mr. David L. Barton OSD 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Specification and Test Based Reverse Engineering of Low Level Code System (EDAMarksman) |
| Abstract: | There is an urgent need in the military to upgrade and re-implement low-level software embedded in operational weapon systems, despite the millions of lines of often undocumented code. EDAptive Computing, Inc. (ECI) presents an innovative solution to the problem of creating specifications from low level code, such as assembly and CMS-2. Our Specification and Test Based Reverse Engineering of Low Level Code System (EDAMarksman) program will apply a combination of formal specification, reverse engineering (compilation), and test generation to provide a specification-based system for testing. Specifically, we propose to utilize an iterative approach to 1) derive specifications from existing code using formal reverse engineering techniques, 2) derive tests from the specifications, 3) apply the tests to the original code and receive feedback, and 4) update the specifications based on test results. Tests produced from specifications will be used to validate the specifications, indicating where tests fail on the actual system, and guide the production of new specifications. The result of this solution will be a specification creation process that will be verified by the actual execution of the system, as guided by the generated specification. We will use a real-life Navy/DoD system as a candidate Phase I demonstration vehicle. |
| GRAMMATECH, INC.
317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 273-7340
Dr. David Melski OSD 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Modernization of Legacy Software: Re-engineering Low-Level Code |
| Abstract: | As hardware platforms age, manufacturers are less willing to support them and related technologies. Legacy weapons systems must eventually be modernized. Re-implementation of the legacy software by hand is prohibitively expensive. A system is needed for automatically translating software written in obsolete languages like CMS-2 or assembly to a modern language like C. Previous attempts at translation have amounted to transliteration: the produced "high-level" code closely mimicks the low-level code, even using global variables for registers. Translators that do more than this often assume that the low-level code was generated by a compiler, and hence adheres to certain conventions; such assumptions do not hold for legacy code. GrammaTech is a leader in developing technology for the static analysis of software binaries. Furthermore, we are collaborating with leading researchers at the University of Wisconsin for in developing analyses for discovering malicious and/or buggy code in binaries. We will leverage this background to create breakthrough translation technology that: (1) produces high quality code; and (2) succeeds at translation where others fail. Our translator will be integrated with Northrop Grumman's state-of-the-art emulation technology, for those cases where translation is not possible. |
| INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, INC.
356 Storke Rd. Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-1006
Mr. Emmanuel Stapf OSD 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Extracting contracts for the safe reengineering of legacy software |
| Abstract: | Work on reengineering existing software has largely consisted of parsing existing code (machine of assembly), reconstructing the control flow and data flow, and providing hopefully equivalent behavior in a modern language. We propose a development complementing current approaches by focusing on the high-level picture: the *contracts* behind software elements, expressing their specifications, according to the widely influential methodology of Design by Contract developed by our company. The approach, applied to legacy software units, will yield: Key abstractions of the software, leading to a modular structure conforming to modern views of modularity, in particular data abstraction and object technology. For each software element, contracts expressing the purpose behind the implementation. Such a form of reengineering is intended to yield a form of the software that has strong modularity and precise specifications, and so is ready for further evolution and reuse, on a par with more recently written program elements benefitting from the full power of modern programming techniques. |
| MODELLION SYSTEMS, INC.
1335 Woodcliffe Dr Monroeville, PA 15146 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 372-6933
Dr. Raj Rajkumar OSD 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Modernization of Legacy Software: Re-engineering Low-Level Code |
| Abstract: | We will design and prototype a tool to translate legacy real-time programs to modern languages running on modern real-time operating systems. Our technology will convert multi-tasking languages such as Ada 83 and Ada 95, high-level programming languages such as Jovial, and low-level assembly languages such as CMS-2. Legacy software will be first translated into a common intermediate format and then be translated into desired target languages such as C, C++ or Java, and even into reusable component models. Our tool shall automatically extract and model the concurrency and timing characteristics of legacy software. Converted software can therefore be directly subject to schedulability analysis and extensibility. Companion tools will enable independent functional and timing validation of the translated software. |
| SEMANTIC DESIGNS
12636 Research Blvd #C214 Austin, TX 78759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 250-1018
Dr. Michael Mehlich OSD 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Modernization of Legacy Software: Re-engineering Low-Level Code |
| Abstract: | The proposal describes a semi-automatic tool translating source code implemented in mixed low-level programming languages for obsolete hardware platforms into more easily understandable source code implemented in modern high-level programming languages for modern hardware platforms by (1) parsing the textual representation of the source code into a syntax tree, (2) translating the syntax tree into a control- and data-flow graph, (3) removing accidential implementation details from the control- and data-flow representation, (4) recognizing concepts, which are defined by software engineers using the notations of the involved programming languages, in the resulting control- and data-flow graph by performing graph matching, (5) translating the source syntax tree into a target syntax tree by abstracting the recognized concepts, reimplementing them in the target language, and translating the remainder of the source code using straightforward syntactic transformation rules, and (6) formatting the target syntax tree into a textural reprentation. The proposed phase I work consists of initial research laying the foundations to develop such an automated translation tool. It will build upon an existing program analysis and transformation system infrastructure. |
| CODESOURCERY, LLC
9978 Granite Point Ct. Granite Bay, CA 95746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 791-8304
Mr. Mark Mitchell OSD 03-022 Awarded: 04DEC03 |
| Title: | High Performance Object Oriented Software for Parallel Embedded Systems |
| Abstract: | The hardware used to perform vector, signal, and image-processing computations is becoming increasing parallel. This parallelism is present both at the low level (in the form of Single Instruction Multiple Data instructions in the microprocessors) and at the high level (in the form of multiple processors in a single machine.) We suggest making modifications and enhancements to VSIPL++ (a highly abstract C++ library being developed by the DoD) to take advantage of both forms of parallelism. Our objective is to demonstrate that VSIPL++ can run as fast as VSIPL, despite its heavy use of high-level abstractions and object-oriented technologies. |
| COHERENT LOGIX, INC.
101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Mr. Jan Garmany OSD 03-022 Awarded: 04DEC03 |
| Title: | Self-Optimizing Parallel Implementation of the VSIPL++ Standard (SOI) |
| Abstract: | Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop a self-optimizing parallel implementation of the VSIPL++ specification. This implementation will include a configuration tool that automatically extracts critical performance parameters from the target system and a template-metaprogrammed C++ implementation that automatically tunes the VSIPL++ software based upon the values of these parameters. This combination will enable both highly-efficient and highly-portable implementations of VSIPL++. During Phase I of the program, CLX will target a subset of the standard, provide a prototype implementation for this subset and will evaluate the appropriate parallel performance models and metrics to be used in a complete implementation. Phase II will include a full implementation and supplemental tools to further enhance the performance of Signal and Image Processing (SIP) applications. |
| MPI SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
101 S. Lafayette #33 Starkville, MS 39759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(662) 320-4300
Mr. Brian Chase OSD 03-022 Awarded: 10DEC03 |
| Title: | High Performance Object Oriented Software for Parallel Embedded Systems |
| Abstract: | This Phase 1 SBIR Proposal entitled "Object Oriented Techniques for Parallel Embedded Computing" offers an examination of the problems associated with Object Oriented Technology and High Performance libraries or frameworks. An attempt is made to show that object oriented technologies need not be discounted when developers look for tools to solve problems requiring high levels of performance with low resource utilization overheads. Under this solicitation, Proposer will examine existing facilities such as POOMA, PETE and related technologies and the methods by which they work around performance problems that are inherent in C++. Proposer will identify techniques that yield the desired outcomes of both elegant expression and efficient performance of object oriented code. Proposer will obtain libraries such as PETE, POOMA, BLITZ, and FACT! for the purpose of evaluating their effectiveness in the distributed, embedded arena. Proposer will study and contrast the design of these tools in comparison to Proposer's own C++ VSIPL engine. Consultations with customers such as Lockheed Martin will yield test cases that can be used to make an appraisal of the various technologies. In conclusion, Proposer will make recommendations regarding which sets of tools and methodologies will best optimize VSIPL functionality and provide performance predictive capabilities for embedded systems. |
| PENTUM GROUP, INC.
846 Hollenbeck Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94087 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 502-4712
Dr. Henk Spaanenburg OSD 03-022 Awarded: 04DEC03 |
| Title: | SystemVSIPL: Optimized Object Oriented Software Technology for Heterogeneous Computing |
| Abstract: | Pentum Group, Inc. proposes to implement SystemVSIPL by writing the VSIPL/VSIPL++ libraries and templates in the SystemC system development language. SystemC has been developed for complex electronic and real-time systems design, implementation, and verification. As an extension of C++, SystemC has all the benefits of Object-Oriented programming for efficient software development productivity, while its key features to support event synchronization and parallelism allow for the creation of very efficient and high performance parallel applications. SystemVSIPL will result in better optimizations and greater efficiency for modern multi-threaded COTS processors and complex heterogeneous systems. Since SystemC is a also used commercially for high-level firmware and hardware design, a SystemC approach will result in tighter integration across the whole design space from chip to software application. Most of all, SystemVSIPL should result in code that meets the needs for real-time response. |
| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
1245 Lyons Road, Building G Dayton, OH 45458 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Mr. David L. Barton OSD 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Design for Error Management (ErrorX) |
| Abstract: | EDAptive Computing, Inc. (ECI) and Lockheed Martin Missile and Fire Control Group (Lockheed) present a proposal to design and implement robust error handling techniques in aircraft, shipboard, and other complex mission-critical systems. Our Design for Error Management (ErrorX) program provides a new design paradigm allowing the user to unambiguously describe correct system behavior at a high level of abstraction; model error conditions; specify possible repair strategies; generate tests to detect when error conditions occur; and correct those error conditions whenever possible. Specifically, ErrorX leverages a standards-based System Level Design Language (SLDL) called Rosetta, ECI's system design/block diagram editor called SyscapeT, ECI's VectorGenT - automated test vector generation tool, a system-monitoring engine for test application and error detection, and our team's significant experience with military, aerospace, and commercial engineering system management and development. The ErrorX approach will provide significant time and cost savings to the DoD, and increase the safety and reliability of complex software systems. The resultant gains in the quality of software error handling will make a direct contribution to the robustness of mission-critical DoD applications. Our Phase I solution will provide an easy transition to full-scale functionality in Phase II and will generate a product with significant commercial potential. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 294-5250
Dr. Leonard Haynes OSD 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Error Handling Based on Software Agent Technology |
| Abstract: | In order to build complex software systems that are highly reliable, it is essential that the software conform to a rigid structure that bounds the types of errors that can occur at each point in the software. IAI has spent nearly a decade developing complex software systems based on autonomous software agents. In these systems, each agent has its own thread of control, and interacts with other agents via message passing. This structure is particularly well suited to advanced error detecting and error handling methods because errors associated with the interaction between agents can be separated from the errors related to each individual agent. Additionally, any errors caused by side effects or by data intended to be used by more than one agent must occur through the content of explicit messages. We have developed a rigid structure for these agents and within that structure, have developed a tool that proves the correctness of the design against a set of important errors. However, at this point the tool has no services to assist in debugging, and no services to support run time error checking or error handling. The work herein proposed will develop these features for our agent-based software CASE tool. |
| KESTREL TECHNOLOGY LLC
3260 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 320-8888
Dr. Douglas Smith OSD 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Error Handling Techniques for Robust Mission Critical Software |
| Abstract: | We will study the feasibility to build a tool, called HandlErr, which automatically enhances readable but non-robust programs with code to handle unhandled errors, according to user-specified error handling policies, thus making the programs robust. HandlErr performs a static analysis of the given program via data flow analysis, complemented by automated reasoning tools, to detect potentially unhandled errors. HandlErr reads declarative error handling policies that are specified by the user using a domain-specific language to be developed as part of HandlErr. HandlErr automatically enhances the program with error handling code to handle unhandled errors according to the user-specified policies. If the input program includes annotations like loop invariants and pre/post-conditions (e.g. as resulting from a formal refinement process of the program from high-level specifications), HandlErr performs a more accurate analysis of unhandled errors; however, annotations are not required. |
| SOHAR, INC.
5731 W. Slauson Ave., , Suite 175 Culver City, CA 90230 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 338-0990
Dr. Herb Hecht OSD 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Error Handling Techniques for Robust Mission Critical Software |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a method and tool that will formalize and streamline error handling already at the very earliest stages of software design. We propose to tackle this problem at the level of object oriented design in a commonly used modeling language, the Unified Modeling Language, UML. Our scheme includes the development of formal error handling notation as an extension to UML (Robust UML) and interpreting error handling models with the use of a Timed Petri Net simulation. The tool we will develop: Robust UML Simulation tool (RUSim) will formalize & streamline the approach to error handling on the one hand, while also improving coverage of exceptional condition identification on the other. The pillars include: 1. Error handling notations: notations will be defined as extensions to UML that will include error condition identification, error handling roles and error coverage. 2. Automated translation of a UML design, including the exception handling aspects, to a Timed Petri Net (TPN) model for full and complete analysis of "unsafe markings" in the net. 3. Online Petri Net Analysis resulting in translation of "unsafe markings" in the net to error conditions that can occur to the software as is implemented in the design model. |
| WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP
4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 418-4353
Dr. Chris J. Walter OSD 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Error Handling for Large-Scale Software Systems |
| Abstract: | Our proposed Phase I effort is to characterize, in a formal framework, the enabling methods and technologies required for error handling operations. The theoretical base offered in our approach provides a rich framework and comprehensive design and analysis space encompassing the range of fault/error models. A set of fault detection and isolation principles will be established and notation with an associated group of approaches developed for extending, modifying, augmenting or interfacing to various system elements techniques in large-scale software architectures. The concept of error containment regions enables specification and analysis properties to be put in place which can be evaluated and measured. The approach develops a framework that can be communicated to designers and users to make the error handling process more efficient and improve policy decisions. With these concepts in place, it is possible to construct fault tolerant systems from intolerant components. The approach is consistent with the use of custom designs or integrated COTS products and software repositories. |
| 0 DB CODING, INC.
3 Annette Drive Athens, OH 45701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(740) 594-2308
Dr. Jeffrey C. Dill OSD 03-025 Awarded: 03DEC03 |
| Title: | Fast, Flexible, Adaptive Channel Coding with Near-Shannon-Limit Performance |
| Abstract: | The work proposed here presents a novel approach to channel coding which will provide flexibility and robustness which are necessary to alleviate many significant limitations in current RF communication systems. The proposed approach is entitled Tail-Biting Circular-Trellis Block Coding (TBC2). This family of coding methods provides unique advantages in the tactical military communication environment and in fact achieves the required fast, flexible, adaptive channel coding with near-Shannon limit performance. In particular, the coding approach presented here provides the following key advantages over other approaches: 1. Near-Shannon Limit bit error performance 2. Low latency, achieved by using very short codewords 3. High adaptivity in the dynamic selection of codeword size and code rate 4. Efficient decoding, using a highly parallel decoding algorithm and few iterations Taken together, the features of this code will provide a new level of agility and robustness for future battlefield communication systems, allowing the system to adapt to the highly dynamic nature of channel characteristics, quality of service requirements, latency requirements, and available frequency bands. |
| EFFICIENT CHANNEL CODING
600 Safeguard Plaza, Suite 100 Brookyln Hts, OH 44131 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(216) 635-1610
Dr. Fan Mo OSD 03-025 Awarded: 03DEC03 |
| Title: | Fast, Flexible, Adaptive Channel Coding with Near-Shannon-Limit Performance |
| Abstract: | For Phase I, ECC proposes to design a new type of LDPC codes optimized for the unique requirements of adaptive systems. The new set of adaptive codes will be designed with a common, parent-type of code that will comprise the core of our unique, highly efficient and low complexity encoder and decoder. The design will make it possible for fast on-the-fly switching while providing a set of codes that offers the performance characteristics required for varying practical channel conditions. We will also research the code designs and select codes required to accommodate other advanced techniques used in advanced communication systems, such as high order modulation, Space Time Coding (STC) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). |
| XENOTRAN LLC
898 Airport Park Road, Suite 205 Glen Burnie, MD 21061 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 761-2445
Dr. Kevin J. Page OSD 03-025 Awarded: 03DEC03 |
| Title: | Fast, Flexible, Adaptive Channel Coding with Near-Shannon-Limit Performance |
| Abstract: | Xenotran proposes to design a Forward Error Correction (FEC) device that is flexible and adaptive to changing communications needs. The FEC is based upon High-Dimensional Circular Trellis Coded Modulation (HDCTCM) and takes advantage of recent developments in iterative coding techniques. The underlying HDCTCM allows for dynamic trade-offs in latency, bandwidth, and spreading codes. A highly flexible FEC device, as proposed herein, will be paramount for the development of future communication systems. The implications to RF spectrum management are significant. The RF spectrum, which is currently partitioned according to frequency in a one-dimensional manner, could be managed dynamically as a multidimensional object of frequency, time, spreading code, and space. |
| ANDRO COMPUTATIONAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
Beeches Technical Campus, Bldg. 3, Ste. 4, 7902 Tu Rome, NY 13440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 334-1163
Mr. Andrew L. Drozd OSD 03-026 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | BEYOND SPECTRUM: Multiobjective Joint Optimization for Efficient Utilization of the Radio Frequency Transmission Hypercube |
| Abstract: | Electromagnetic (EM) propagation at RF frequencies is currently governed by a one-dimensional "real estate" approach to allocation of frequency bands, where the licensee has specific legal right to transmit within a band. The entire spectrum from 3 kHz to 30 GHz is currently allocated in this fashion. Unfortunately, this "set-it-and-forget-it" management scheme is straining under the immense pressure of exponentially increasing demand by burgeoning numbers of various types of wireless devices, spanning commercial and military applications all the way from short range home networks and cordless phones to the global information grid. Given the finite nature of the RF frequency spectrum and the fact that it is fully allocated, it is desired that alternative approaches to management of the resource be developed. This proposed effort is to develop innovative concepts for spectrum management that enables the effective and efficient joint utilization of all orthogonal EM transmission resources, including, but not limited to, time, frequency, geographic space, modulation/code, and polarization. This multi-dimensional environment is hereafter referred to as the Transmission Hypercube (TH), a term intended to convey the notion of a multi-dimensional resource space (with n "degrees of freedom" expressed as an n-tuple) in which each dimension allows orthogonality amongst users. Since there are multiple "dimensions" available in the RF transmission "space" and since these dimensions (RF resources) number greater than three, the term Hypercube is invoked. Currently, there are no known technological approaches to RF transmission in spectrum management that consider all five of these dimensions jointly, and certainly none that consider them in the context of a system optimization problem. This research project is aimed at developing approaches that consider the multi-dimensional nature of the transmission space, the results of which are expected to garner several orders of magnitude improvement in RF resource utilization and therefore, aggregate information throughput. The research will investigate the exploitation of optimization and orthogonality schemes that allow for multiple users to operate without interference. These include considerations for time slicing, frequency division multiplexing, directional antenna arrays, spread spectrum codes, and polarization. Conceivable approaches to a system for joint optimization of the multiple orthogonalizing transmission parameters will show that no two users are transmitting at the same time, even though they may be using the same frequency in the same space with the same exact spread spectrum code. Similar illustrations can be given in the case of a spatially orthogonalized system in terms of transmit beam patterns that do not overlap and cross-polarized waves in ideal cases. The innovation research will center on the application of multiobjective joint optimization and control system algorithms assisted by knowledge base technologies, novel frequency/time-domain interference rejection models, and waveform diversity techniques to study dimensional "synergy" and "prioritize" the TH cell dimensions. Also, joint time-frequency transforms will be considered. These approaches will encompass existing policies and ideas being pursued in Government, academia, and industry, the subset of which includes the obvious solutions such as: a single centralized global broker of TH cells, multiple distributed and coordinated local brokers of TH cells for local users, d-hoc "mesh" networking, fixed assignment, and hybrid approaches. This research supports the advancement and application of Information Systems Technology for decision-making, modeling and simulation technology, information management assurance and distribution; seamless communication; and computing and software technology. The motivation for this research has been the FCC's thrusts to reform current national spectrum policy, spearheaded by the President's Spectrum Policy Initiative and the formation of the Spectrum Policy Task Force. |
| ENGENIUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4220 Eagles Wing Ct. Ellicott City, MD 21042 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 908-8003
Dr. Mike Pascale OSD 03-026 Awarded: 02DEC03 |
| Title: | BEYOND SPECTRUM: Multiobjective Joint Optimization for Efficient Utilization of the Radio Frequency Transmission Hypercube |
| Abstract: | Current generation communications systems already support multiple channel operation, store and forward relay functionality, and variable data rate features. What is lacking is a robust ad-hoc networking protocol that efficiently utilizes the multiple channels over time and over spatially distributed nodes to effectively communicate. The protocol should embrace the ability of nodes to bridge from one to another so that nodes that are not within direct communication range of each other can communicate. It will be shown in the sections that follow that the physical, data link, and networking layers in inextricably joined if maximum network utilization is sought. The objective of this proposal is to initiate the development of an approach and a practical implementation to the efficient use of resources among a network of RF communication systems. |
| ROCKFISH RESEACH
10210 Pepperhill Lane Richmond, VA 23233 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 740-8287
Mr. Chris Argenta OSD 03-026 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | An Intelligent and Flexible Transmission Hypercube Information Model |
| Abstract: | This Phase I project investigates the dual use potential of advanced information modeling technology in supporting distributed management of the Transmission Hypercube (TH) resources. Rockfish Research specializes in innovative technologies for the modeling, simulation, visualization, and automation of complex system dynamics. We intend to investigate and evaluate innovative methods of distributing, visualizing, and automating aspects of the TH. Our approach is based on developing a component-oriented TH Information Model (THIM) that can easily be supplemented, in a plug-n-play manner, as new model elements, rules, and capabilities are developed to manage the TH. By separating engine and model, we believe that this underlying modeling system can be commercialized to support a wide variety of modeled system domains. |
| THE RIGHT STUFF OF TAHOE, INC.
The Right Place, 3341 Adler Court Reno, NV 89503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 322-5186
Dr. Laurence E. LaForge OSD 03-026 Awarded: 04DEC03 |
| Title: | Voronoi-Hamming Algorithms for Optimizing Channel Selection From the Radio Frequency Transmission Hypercube |
| Abstract: | Advancing and applying our recent NASA-sponsored research for deep space avionics, we propose to develop new algorithms which - provably, autonomously, and in the presence of faults i) optimize the selection of channels from the radio frequency Transmission Hypercube, as it is termed in the OSD03-026 solicitation, in order to ii) connect healthy nodes into a working network quorum, and iii) keep them connected. To this end, we crystallize objectives for channel capacity (throughput) and latency (packet delay) in the language of optimization. Maximizing aggregate Shannon capacity (Eqns (11), (12)), our scalable algorithms will adaptively activate and deactivate channels, subject to constraints on channel bandwidth, number of channels, and per-band limits on signal power and noise. Similarly, and in the presence of faulty nodes and channels, our distributed algorithms will minimize latency (network radius or diameter, Eqn (1)). Where throughput and latency can be viewed as constraints, our algorithms will also solve dual problems whose objective is to minimize consumption of channel resources, such as power (Eqn (13)). Our approach blends information theory with breakthroughs in the mathematics of connectivity, especially 1.2.6) optimal routing enabled by Hamming graphs and 1.2.7) Voronoi algorithms from computational geometry. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Dr. Richard E. Cagley OSD 03-026 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | BEYOND SPECTRUM: Multiobjective Joint Optimization for Efficient Utilization of the Radio Frequency Transmission Hypercube |
| Abstract: | The wireless spectrum is a limited natural resource that is extensively used by a large number of users with diverse interests. Currently, this spectrum is allocated on a "set and forget" methodology whereby users or institutions are given exclusive rights to specific slices of this resource. It is desired that alternative management schemes be put into place that more efficiently utilize the wireless spectrum whereby it is treated as a multi-dimensional resource. This hypercube strategy will build upon the current one dimensional frequency separation to include time, space, modulation/coding, and polarization. Toyon proposes to provide an overview of how the spectrum is currently accessed, general strategies for increasing the efficiency of spectrum use, technical means of achieving these gains, and measures for quantifying whether one strategy should be used over another. This work will focus on general strategies for how radar and communications systems jointly optimize their use of the different dimensions of the transmission hypercube. In many cases, such systems will be able to sense available resources and be robust against interference. A Phase II effort will involve indepth analysis and simulation, with possible prototype deployment, of a select set of systems proposed in Phase I. |
| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC.
12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(402) 505-7883
Mr. Jeffrey D. Hicks OSD 03-027 Awarded: 30DEC03 |
| Title: | Webster |
| Abstract: | In response to SBIR solicitation OSD03-027, 21st Century Systems, Inc. (21CSI) is pleased to propose investigating and developing a software agent system organized in a hierarchically networked architecture that incorporates use of multiple existing systems into a high-level information fusion system, entitled "Webster." Webster combines multidisciplinary expertise for the integration and inference of information products with quantification of data certainty and source reliability. As an agent-based information service enabler, special attention will be given to functionalities that retrieve, filter, analysis, and fuse information that are time sensitive and critical to counter-terrorist operations from accessing and sharing intelligence-based secure sources, web-based open sources, and field sources. Webster will employ two major technologies initiated at 21CSI namely, a Hierarchical Collective Agent Network (HCAN) architecture and a Hybrid Intrinsic Cellular Inference Network (HICIN) paradigm. HCAN Agents are responsible for overall supervision, scheduling, coordination, and execution of information retrieving, filtering, analysis, and fusion tasks. HICIN is an information integration engine embedded with advanced reasoning and uncertainty handling mechanisms. It takes a strong, multidisciplinary team to cover such a diverse problem domain as homeland defense. 21CSI has brought together the best in computing, cultural modeling, operations, and algorithms to meet the challenge. |
| 21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
11675 Jollyville Road, Suite 300 Austin, TX 78759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 342-0010
Dr. Sherry Marcus OSD 03-027 Awarded: 08JAN04 |
| Title: | Information Fusion System for Counter-Terrorism Operations |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I SBIR , we shall demonstrate, the Integrated Fusion Dashboard, a system that can fuse uncertainties from multi-source data sets using two distinct detection mechanisms. To ensure that the fused product makes sense to the counter-terrorism analyst, we are pleased to have Mr. Craig Robinson, a decorated and retired 30 year veteran of the DIA to evaluate the results 21st Century Technologies has developed two detection methods to detect possible terrorist activity. TMODS, Terrorist Modus Operandi detection system, contains graph pattern matching and social network analysis detection capabilities that has been developed on multiple projects for DARPA (EELD, Genoa II, TIA programs), and Rome Laboratories and inserted into operational facilities at the DIA, Terrorist Information Awareness Center (TIA), and NYPD Counter Terrorism Division. In this Phase I effort, we shall compute and fuse uncertainties from these detection mechanisms. In the Phase I effort, we shall focus on open source data as a proof of concept with later extensions to multi-source data sets. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 284-8444
Dr. William H. Bennett OSD 03-027 Awarded: 21JAN04 |
| Title: | Confident Declaration Fusion Methods for Intelligence Processing of Relational Evidence |
| Abstract: | Developing confident fused estimates derived by combining multi-source data (e.g. sensor data, human intelligence reports and open-source data) is a challenge for intelligence analysts. Data that can provide evidence about terrorist network operations are sparse, uncertain, disparate, and can include both misinformation and disinformation. In particular, open source data is often uncorroborated and has incomplete or unknown pedigree. Intelligence analysts need improved information fusion capabilities that can 1) detect/recognize patterns that indicate operations of terrorist networks while 2) characterizing the uncertainty of pattern recognition consistent with the uncertainty of the evidence. This effort will develop a consistent confidence assessment capability based on analytical methods that are independent of the cognitive assessments of human intelligence analysts. Our Phase I effort will lead to improved models of terrorist networks that characterize uncertainty, enabling improved fusion of uncertain information for counter-terrorist operations. ALPHATECH proposes an innovative approach in developing a confidence assessment capability for information fusion of evidence on terrorist operations by applying the theory of complex networks to model the uncertainty in information sources and pedigree. To facilitate this effort, we will leverage an existing ALPHATECH prototype system for fusing relational evidence to establish link detection for counter-terrorist operations. |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 763-1284
Dr. Kari Chopra OSD 03-027 Awarded: 21JAN04 |
| Title: | Infusiun: A Decision Support System for Intelligence Fusion and Uncertainty Analysis |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop the Infusiun decision support tool to provide quantitative support to counter-terrorism analysts performing Level 3 information fusion (Threat Assessment) from open-source and human intelligence. The focus of our effort is on providing intelligence analysts with methods to manage uncertainty of information and generate quantitative measures of the validity of their assessments. We represent each intelligence source as providing evidence from which the analyst will, in combination with evidence drawn from other sources, seek to draw conclusions about the status and intent of a terrorist organization. Our method will provide the analyst with a multi-dimensional measure of the confidence level of these conclusions based on the following three properties: ú Robustness: the extent to which the conclusions are based on multiple independent sources of information; ú Reliability: the extent to which the conclusions are based on intelligence determined to be accurate and reliable; ú Strength: the extent to which the conclusions are supported by the evidence reported in the intelligence sources. We propose an innovative approach that draws upon techniques from social network theory, reliability theory, fuzzy logic, and belief theory to integrate empirical measures of validity with the judgment and expertise of the analyst. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Subrata K. Das OSD 03-027 Awarded: 16JAN04 |
| Title: | Decision Aid for Counter-Terrorist Analysts (DACTA) |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and demonstrate a Decision Aid for Counter-Terrorist Analysts (DACTA) by fusing and aggregating information from distributed sources. The DACTA architecture integrates a key decision aiding module with two supporting modules for information visualization and scenario simulation. The decision-aiding module provides the key decision-support functionalities at multiple levels: 1) low-level fusion of data into task-relevant information, supporting skill-based processing; 2) aggregation of information providing high-level abstraction of task-relevant knowledge, supporting rule-based processing; and 3) response recommendations based on the current context and prior knowledge, supporting knowledge-based processing. Robust performance is assured through the use of complementary artificial intelligence (AI) techniques (e.g., fuzzy logic, belief networks, probabilistic argumentation), thus providing strong foundations for quantifying uncertainty associated with terrorist threat assessment results from DACTA. The visualization module displays the information produced by the decision-aiding module in a format best suited to the current task, and the analyst's decision-making style and training. DACTA will incorporate a simulation environment supporting speculative analysis and exploration of model-generated hypotheses, via realistic simulated terrorist attack events. We intend to rapidly develop a prototype based on our in-house fusion and belief network engines, and demonstrate its validity in the context of a bioterrorism scenario. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Adel El-Fallah OSD 03-027 Awarded: 08JAN04 |
| Title: | Unified Robust-Bayes Multisource Counter-Terrorism Fusion |
| Abstract: | If the states and information sources for counter-terrorism problems were like those associated with conventional sensor/target problems, then they could be solved using a systematic and proven mathematical methodology---the Bayes filter. This filter provides an explicit methodology for modeling uncertainties, propagating these uncertainties through time, and extracting estimates of desired quantities (as well as measures of reliability of those estimates) that correctly reflect the influence of system uncertainties. The ambiguousness of human intelligence information sources and of A PRIORI human cultural context would seem to automatically preclude the feasibility of the Bayes filter in counter-terrorism applications. Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) and its subcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems (LMTS) believe that this may not be the case. Certain more conventional DoD problems---force structure analysis and single-target filtering using unconventional information (natural language, inference rules)---can be addressed using Bayes filter methods, and these problems bear a family resemblance to counter-terrorism applications. Consequently, we propose the investigation of a novel Bayes-filter information-fusion approach to counter-terrorism applications that both hedges against, and accounts for, inherent uncertainties. Specific Phase I tasks are: (1) develop a theoretical/mathematical/algorithmic foundation; (2) design high-level techniques for modeling states and measurements; (3) develop high-level designs for mathematical algorithms, including uncertainty assessment; (4) design potential test simulations; (5) develop implementation, simulation, and test plan; (6) develop a detailed plan for further analysis and implementation in a Phase II effort. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of counter-terrorism technologies. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-3533
Mr. Matt Broadhead OSD 03-027 Awarded: 30DEC03 |
| Title: | Improving Information Fusion Capabilities through the Explicit and Pervasive Consideration of Uncertainty |
| Abstract: | A variety of forces have led to decreases in the average experience of intelligence analysts. This shift is an incredibly important development since a lack of experience has been strongly linked to: failures in locating key information sources; the incorporation of faulty information in reports; and the premature closing of investigations. To help mitigate these impacts and generally improve intelligence analysis capabilities we propose an approach to information fusion that employs an integrated probabilistic framework in order to explicitly account for disparate indicators of uncertainty and thereby improve human decision making. The use of this integrated framework, in which information extraction and fusion decisions are made with a common pool of evidence and inference procedures, will also allow much richer forms of inference than possible with the current state of the art technologies. To further extend the reach of the proposed system, Assure, to higher level fusion tasks, we will employ a mixed-initiative interaction paradigm that will enable a form of cooperative information fusion and uncertainty analysis. Phase I research and development of a limited prototype will provide a solid foundation for the complete implementation of Assure in Phase II and its eventual commercialization. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Gregory S. Lauer OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Information Uncertainty Portrayal |
| Abstract: | The information age has produced a flood of information to system operators and decision-makers in a multitude of application domains. Each piece of data that feeds a system can produce complex interactions with other data in the scenario. This project will examine the uncertainty associated with data that describes a battlefield awareness scenario and will determine techniques for visualizing these uncertainties with the goal of aiding in the decisions that a commander must make. This work will draw upon previous ALPHATECH work, including the outputs of tracking, automatic target recognition, and information fusion software algorithms, for the generation of data and uncertainty information. A scientific experimental procedure will be used to guide a group of mock decision-makers through a series of experiments. Results of the experiments will be analyzed, with the goal of extracting those visualization techniques that work across the information domains tested. We will also extrapolate of the results of the experiments to non-military domains. Universal concepts for visualizing uncertainty will complete domain specific concepts, resulting in a demonstration of the most promising visualization techniques identified. |
| ATC - NY
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Dr. Robert Joyce OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Interactive Display of Probabilistic Geo-Spatial Information |
| Abstract: | Systems that integrate and present data from multiple sources often ignore the probabilistic uncertain nature of the information they are handling. Such systems are often designed with pre-determined thresholds or other algorithms to make binary go/no-go decisions, rather than presenting the entire picture and all data sources. Indeed, simply displaying all information sources and uncertainties used in making a calculation can be unwieldy and confusing to decision makers. ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation, will design and build uVIZ, an intuitive, interactive visualization system to display uncertain information associated with both raw data sources and derived information. uVIZ will provide a layered view, where users can select the level of detail displayed about any particular piece of information: single values that are the result of estimation algorithms, modeling error distributions, and so forth, all the way down to raw sensor error information and human observations. As information uncertainty generally increases as observations age, existing probabilistic models that incorporate time can also be employed, allowing visualization of past or future scenarios as well as time-lapse animations. |
| BMA ENGINEERING, INC.
11429 Palatine Drive Potomac, MD 20854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 299-9375
Dr. Bilal M. Ayyub OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Information Uncertainty Portrayal |
| Abstract: | The objective of Phase I: identify and develop innovative methods for portraying information for decision makers so that data uncertainty and content are readily understood. The specific objectives of the proposed effort are: 1. Review the present practice of visualizing uncertainty in battlefield data; 2. Examine the use of various visualization methods, as discussed in Section 1, for various uncertainty and ignorance types as defined in Figure 2; 3. Develop methods for visualizing uncertainty based on our ignorance hierarchy; 4. Incorporate our risk management process in the development of these methods; 5. Define, format, and collect the data needed to support these methods; 6. Demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods, especially concerning improvement in the ability to make more appropriate (right or correct) decisions; 7. Develop a plan for Phase II of the SBIR effort in the form of prototype products with a high potential for successful commercialization. We will develop innovative methods for portraying information for decision makers, so that data uncertainty and content are readily understood, based on our unique hierarchy of ignorance. The visualization developed visualization methods will satisfy the following principles: (1) apprehension, (2) clarity, (3) consistency, (4) efficiency, (5) necessity, and (6) truthfulness. The following icon attributes can be used to communicate information about uncertainty and ignorance: (1) form, (2) orientation, (3) color, (4) texture, (5) value, (6) size, (7) position, (8) motion, (9) intensity, (10) shading, and (11) special effects, such blinking, animation, etc. We will further develop our unique Ignoriconsc, and perform the following tasks: (1) Define the types of ignorance and uncertainty; (2) Identify visualization requirements for battlefields; (3) Develop visualization methods; (4) Incorporate our risk mitigation tools in developing the methods; (5) Development a variety of Ignoriconsc; (6) Define data needed to select and format Ignoricons; (7) Demonstrate models; and (8) Develop a plan for Phase II of the SBIR. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Jonathan Pfautz OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Acquiring representations of Meta-information to Enhance Battlespace Awareness (AMEBA) |
| Abstract: | Modern battlespaces are characterized by large amounts of complex information that must be rapidly processed by the decision-maker. Part of this complexity is due to meta-information, or, characteristics of information such as uncertainty, staleness, etc. that add to the decision-making burden. Knowledge regarding this meta-information, and methods for effectively portraying it, have the potential of not only relieving the decision-maker's workload, but also encouraging more battlespace-aware decisions. To support meta-information visualization, we propose to design and prototype a system for Acquiring representations of Meta-information to Enhance Battlespace Awareness (AMEBA). Three core components characterize the proposed process. First, we will perform a cognitive task analysis of a selected set of case studies to develop a principled categorization of the key types and sources of information and meta-information, to identify the meta-information required by the decision-maker, and to identify display elements in existing military systems. Second, we will design and prototype a toolkit for augmenting incoming data with the identified meta-information types and rapidly creating new meta-information visualization methods and interfaces. This toolkit will support integration of prototype visualization methods with existing DoD display systems. Third, we will develop an evaluation methodology, including metrics of the utility of each meta-information visualization technique. |
| SA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4731 East Forest Peak Marietta, GA 30066 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(601) 898-9053
Dr. Jennifer Riley OSD 03-028 Awarded: 08DEC03 |
| Title: | Information Uncertainty Portrayal |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop novel representations of uncertain command and control (C2) data that will be semantically rich and support quick, accurate mental visualizations of battle states. We will analyze current information visualization methods and human-centered design principles to support situation awareness and decision making of intelligence officers for providing the commander with a complete and timely understanding of the opposition force. Information visualization and graphical methods will be evaluated to assess their utility for application or adaptability to various types of C2 data. We will also describe approaches for heuristically and empirically investigating the usability and usefulness of information portrayals developed as part of the Phase I research. Metrics for assessing the quality of the portrayals will be developed. Phase II work will involve development of a prototype of an information visualization system that can provide the user (intelligence officer and commander) with a customizable operating picture of the battlespace and the ability to easily locate, integrate, and comprehend information from distributed sources of varying reliability. Work from Phase I will also provide initial support for the development of a domain and task specific ontology and user guide for the conceptual system. |
| SECURBORATION, INC.
695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 591-9836
Mr. Lee Krause OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Information Uncertainty Portrayal |
| Abstract: | Securboration Inc., teaming with Dr. Eugene Santos of the University of Connecticut, is pleased to propose our innovative approach for visualizing and assessing uncertainty entitled, Uncertainty Prediction System (UPSYS). During the phase one effort we plan to demonstrate how the innovative UPSYS technology can be applied to supports visualization and assessment of event uncertainty within the context of Predictive Battlespace Awareness (PBA) as shown in figure 1. UPSYS consist of four main components: 1) an ontology that specifies PBA classes and relationships 2) an Uncertainty Layer that uses the ontology to automatically generate Bayesian Networks for event uncertainty calculations, 3) a Casual Analysis Engine that reasons over the ontology to infer cause and effect, 4) visualizations that provide information of all aspects of an event and its uncertainty in relation to other events and PBA workproducts. |
| VISINTUIT
280 Shuman Blvd., Suite 115 Naperville, IL 60563 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 428-0910
Dr. T. A. Keahey OSD 03-028 Awarded: 05DEC03 |
| Title: | Uncertainty Awareness for Battle Space Visualization Systems |
| Abstract: | A critical problem for military commanders and decision makers is to understand all of the relevant factors that must go into the assessment of a battle field situation. This problem is made exponentially more difficult by the fact that so many of those factors have an associated uncertainty level, which may or may not be known a priori. Creating effective visual tools for intuitively conveying this information along with its certainties to the battle field commander has a tremendous potential for increasing the accuracy and outcome of military operations. Over the past decade there has been a massive increase in computer graphics capability, driven largely by the economics of the computer game industry. This increase in graphics processing power has also been accompanied by the new generation of real-time graphics tools for generating Hollywood-style visual effects that can greatly enrich the display of information. Together, these have opened up new opportunities for another generation of visualization tools in general, and battle space visualization systems in particular. This research project proposes advanced visualization techniques that leverage modern graphics processing power; moving beyond simple polygons, texture mapping, and 3D to create a new class of visualization tools aimed at accurately conveying the certainty of information in a battle space overview tool. Our ideas exploit animation, shading, illumination, and new visual techniques to overcome inherent human perceptual limitations. Although relatively new to battle space visualization, these approaches have shown great progress in other domains. Taken together, our approach and the vastly more powerful graphics capabilities have great potential for dramatically improving our ability to understand information in the presence of uncertainty. |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 496-2428
Dr. Gavan Lintern OSD 03-029 Awarded: 25NOV03 |
| Title: | Portraying Uncertainty in Battlefield Weather Situational Awareness |
| Abstract: | Military planning and logistics must account for weather effects on both a strategic and tactical level. There is, however, uncertainty associated with any forecast that confounds planning and decision-making in relation to anticipated weather effects and their impacts on equipment and personnel. The Aptima team proposes to develop visualizations of weather uncertainty from forecast data to present information about weather uncertainty to warfighters in a format that can support their decision processes. This decision aid will be designed to help warfighters anticipate the functional effects of weather on their operations so that they can exploit weather-related opportunities and avoid weather-related disruptions. Within this project we will employ methods of cognitive task analysis to identify decision processes and strategies and the information used in those decision processes as warfighters deal with weather uncertainty. We will also document the informational properties available from current weather forecasting systems, the nature and sources of uncertainty, and the nature of weather impacts on selected operational systems. We will integrate the products of these analyses into a representation of essential weather information in a manner that supports the typical decision processes and strategies of users. We will then develop a visualization prototype for portraying that representational concept. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Jonathan Pfautz OSD 03-029 Awarded: 02DEC03 |
| Title: | Weather Prediction Uncertainty Management And Representation (PUMAR) |
| Abstract: | Strategic weather centers run numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, but military operators do not often have the time or capability to analyze the NWP information -- warfighters must rely on decision aids to succinctly translate the NWP information into battlefield intelligence. Since NWP models are not perfect, methods are needed to determine and display the meta-information (e.g., uncertainty, resolution, timeliness) about a forecast to assess mission impact. To help address this need, we propose a Phase I SBIR program to prototype and demonstrate a system for weather Prediction Uncertainty Management And Representation (PUMAR). Four core components characterize our approach. First, we will perform a cognitive task analysis of a weather-influenced decision-making scenario, followed by a principled categorization of the types and sources of uncertainty influencing the decision-maker. Second, we will identify and develop methods to manage the key types of uncertainty in NWP forecasts (e.g., ensemble forecasting, Bayesian hierarchical methods). Third, we will prototype several meta-information visualization techniques and user interfaces in the context of a decision aid that uses weather information to determine weapon capabilities. Fourth, we will integrate these concepts and methods into a computerized system designed to interface with existing DoD meteorological systems. |
| NEXT CENTURY CORP.
8101 Sandy Spring Road Laurel, MD 20707 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 939-2600
Mr. Clark Dorman OSD 03-029 Awarded: 13NOV03 |
| Title: | Portraying Uncertainty in Battlefield Weather Situational Awareness |
| Abstract: | The proposed initiative will yield a working prototype of our innovative Weather Risk Analysis and Portrayal (WRAP) system that helps quantify uncertainty in disparate weather forecasts and presents this information to users in highly intuitive ways that facilitate at-a-glance analysis and rapid decision making. Next Century Corporation has teamed with Marcus Weather Inc. to build the WRAP system based on our combined expertise in developing solutions for customers in weather-sensitive businesses as well as designing highly intuitive, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces and decision aids for a wide array of application domains. Some key innovations proposed are: 1) enabling the user to interactively adjust the minimum certainty threshold that must be satisfied for those weather conditions being forecast; 2) providing a temporal slider that enables users to interactively view battlespace conditions over time, either by going forward in time based on forecasts and predictions or by going backward in time to view historical data including actual, predictive, and certainty model overlays; and, 3) allowing users to perform an interactive review and comparison of predicted vs. actual weather conditions to aid in hotwash/training activities and to aid analysts in tuning of predictive models, rule sets, and uncertainty thresholds. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Parkway North, P.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 326-3635
Mr. Cranston R. Coleman, OSD 03-029 Awarded: 12DEC03 |
| Title: | Portraying Uncertainty in Battlefield Weather Situational Awareness |
| Abstract: | Current automated weather forecast models and associated tactical decision aids often produce information that is insufficient or misleading because they do not adequately reveal the accuracy of the forecast. Users of these decision aids need a way to understand the reliability of the forecast. Tacticians make decisions semantically, reasoning in terms of qualitative values and the underlying meaning of data. This process can be reinforced through an effective visualization method that reflects the way a user thinks about weather data. This Phase I effort will investigate the feasibility of a method that provides a semantic mapping of data to quantifiable terms. Using this method, Sonalysts will develop and demonstrate an approach for more effective processing and visualization of weather forecast data. This effort will demonstrate the ability to use weather prediction terms in tactical decision-support applications, while the visualization effort will address the underlying uncertainty of weather forecast data. |
| WEATHER VENTURES LTD.
240 Mt. Pleasant Drive Boalsburg, PA 16827 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 466-2231
Dr. John A. Dutton OSD 03-029 Awarded: 28NOV03 |
| Title: | Battlefield Weather Probabilities |
| Abstract: | Effective management of battlefield weather risk requires a clear understanding of the likelihood of weather events critical to military operations. By combining contemporary capabilities in meteorological observations, atmospheric science, computer prediction, and communications, we will design a multiscale ensemble prediction system (MEPS) for predicting battlefield weather probabilities. This system will involve readily available large-scale ensemble forecasts, ensembles of MM5 forecasts at high resolution, and a forecast calibration process. Key design issues will be resolved by Weather Ventures in collaboration with the Penn State MM5 group using results from a remarkable high-resolution forecast experiment performed in the summer of 2003 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This data set, including some 1500 mesoscale forecasts in a virtual ensemble of 32 members, provides a rich and unprecedented source of information for designing a MEPS for battlefield weather probabilities. The data will help us explore the balance between forecast skill, reliability, and cost. To best serve commanders and soldiers, battlefield probabilistic forecasts must be visualized and summarized in decision aids. Work in progress on visualizing probabilistic forecasts and constructing decision aids will be extended to the battlefield case, in preparation for a more concentrated effort in Phase II. |
| CYCORP, INC.
3721 Executive Center Drive, Suite 100 Austin, TX 78731 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 514-2951
Dr. Michael Witbrock OSD 03-030 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Leadership Agent for Multi-source Information Fusion in Counter-Terrorism |
| Abstract: | Current document search techniques are inadequate to handle queries whose answer requires establishing links among a number of (potentially obscure) facts. We propose to remedy this situation with a prototype system that applies statistical and knowledge-based methods to the problem of identifying chains of connections between terms and entities. We will extend existing predictive annotation methods for indexing entities by tagging them with Cyc concepts. In addition, our system will be capable of indexing entire facts, by applying Cyc's parsers to text sentences. Parsing a sentence into the CycL representation language results in a full semantic translation, so links among entities mentioned in a sentence will be transparent in the CycL representation. We propose also to demonstrate the discovery of "anonymous" links, by using technology we developed during the ARDA AQUAINT project. This module, the Holistic Query |