AF - 405 Phase I Selections from the 99.1 Solicitation

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405 Phase I Selections from the 99.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Ste 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Stephen C. Coy AF 99-001
Title:	Multi-Conjugate and Variable Conjugate Adaptive Optics for Distributed Turbulence
Abstract:	Adaptive optics systems for imaging or beam projection through the atmosphere are designed to compensate for the optical effects of turbulence. These effects enter in as phase perturbations distributed along the propagation path. Conventional adaptive optics systems attempt to compensate for these effects by means of phase-only corrections applied at a plane conjugate to the aperture, or slightly behind it. This can be highly effective when much of the turbulence is relatively close to the aperture, as is the case in up-looking applications such as astronomy, but it is less effective when the turbulence is distributed more uniformly along the path, as is the case for the Airborne Laser. We propose to investigate the performance improvement achievable with VCAO and MCAO systems for applications involving near-horizontal paths, and the feasibility of implementing such systems. We would use simulation to investigate the potential performance improvement, and to attempt to develop a practical sensing and controls scheme for an MCAO system. In parallel with these simulation studies, we would attempt to develop a feasible design for an experiment to test the VCAO concept, to be conducted at the Airborne Laser Advanced Concepts Testbed (ABL-ACT).

OPTICAL SCIENCES CO. (GA TYLER) 1341 S. Sunkist St. Anaheim, CA 92806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 772-7668 Dr. Glenn A. Tyler AF 99-001
Title:	Development and Implementation of Advanced Wavefront Compensation Algorithms
Abstract:	The proposed effort utilizes the experience gained from over 20 years of work performed by the Optical Sciences Company in the area of atmospheric propagation, wavefront sensing and adaptive optics technology to develop new wavefront compensation algorithms that advance the state-of-the-art and provide new improved levels of performance when propagation through the turbulence of interest introduces a high level of scintillation. In addition, to it's historically strong reputation in the theoretical arena, the Optical Sciences Company conceived, fabricated and delivered the NOP Adaptive Optics System. This experience will ensure that the algorithms developed under this effort are practical, easily implementable in existing hardware, and relevant to ABL and other programs that must deal with strong scintillation. A key feature of the proposed effort is that we believe that we have developed a concept that can improve the Strehl ratio by a factor of 2 when strong scintillation is present. In addition to benefiting ABL, this algorithm will find applications in extending the workable region of the sky for astronomy and commercial laser communication applications.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Duane D. Smith AF 99-002
Title:	High-Power Ladar for Long-Range Ranging Applications
Abstract:	The most cost-effective, scalable format for the development of high power ladar and directed energy systems is to combine medium power laser modules into a coherently phased array. To this end, CTI proposes to develop a coherent synthetic aperture, synthetic wavelength ladar system based upon modular, tunable fiber lasers/amps. It is suggested that high spatial and spectral coherence fiber lasers/amps are the enabling technology for practical arrays. Achieving commensurate power-aperture products with bulk media power oscillators and/or optical amplifiers would be challenging and costly. Moreover, phased arrays have proven to be challenging for semiconductor lasers. Phase I focuses on designing a sensor system and a matched optical phase control servo. The proposed system has similarities to radar, and provides a path to orbital-class detection ranges. Aperture synthesis and the inherent phased array baseline provide superior cross-range resolution. Synthetic wavelength interferometry and waveform coherence encoding provide line-of-sight range resolution (for CW operation). Precision phase control enables array focusing, steering, and adaptive optics at high temporal bandwidths without moving parts. Phase I will investigate innovative optical phase controls network and metering trusses. Risk reduction measurements will be performed. Phase II's goal is to build a first-of-kind phased array sensor and utilize CTI's flight-worthy systems experience to ensure a path to airborne hardware.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RES. ASSOC. 15261 Connector Ln Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 903-1000 Mr. John T. Robinson AF 99-003
Title:	A/C EMI Diagnostics & Fault Isolation
Abstract:	The ever increasing susceptibility of military and commercial aircraft, especially the fly-by-wire aircraft, to internal and external EMI sources has been well documented. The accelerated proliferation of personal electronic devices (PED) on board aircraft, increasing numbers and variety of commercial and military communication and radar transmitters, and ever present threat of RF terrorism and warfare necessitates the development of advanced aircraft EMI safety concepts. An advanced in-situ EMI monitoring system concept for future military and commercial aircraft will be designed and developed under this SBIR program. The system is capable of continuously monitoring the aircraft EMI and warn if the EMI susceptibility threshold has been exceeded on any mission critical LRU, localize the responsible internal EMI source, monitor and warn against hardening feature degradations, and detect and warn against external EMI threats.

TACAN CORP. 2330 Faraday Ave Carlsbad, CA 92008
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 438-1010 Yongqiang Shi AF 99-003
Title:	Novel All Dielectric EMI Probe and Sensor System
Abstract:	A novel electric field sensor is proposed for electromagnetic interference diagnostic and location systems. The field probe of the proposed sensor will consist of electro-optic polymer integrated waveguides requiring no electrodes. This all dielectric sensor probe minimally disturbs the electric field distribution and is immune to electric discharging and arcing under an intense electric field. In combination with the fiber-optic readout, on-board aircraft monitoring and retrofitting to current system boards are possible. The thin film sheet-like sensor is lightweight, space saving, and electrically passive. The unique properties of the electro-optic polymers provide distinctive advantages over crystalline materials. The selective poling or push-pull poling of the polymer waveguide interferometer arm allows direct field sensing without any specially arranged electrodes or antenna. The low dielectric constant offers fast sensor response for transient phenomenon recording. The proposed research which is based on TACAN's electro-optic polymer device fabrication and test experience, will investigate the electro-optic polymer probe design and the material requirements. Prototype sensor probes will be fabricated and the critical experiment will be performed during Phase I research to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The novel electro-optic polymer sensor has tremendous commercial potential in the aerospace, utilities, and communications industries.

MISSION RESEARCH CORP. Post Office Drawer 719735 State St Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9261 Dr. Byron M. Welsh AF 99-004
Title:	Optical Tracking in the Presence of Turbulence Induced Scintillation
Abstract:	Laser weapon systems currently under development, such as the Airborne Laser (ABL), must successfully fire laser beams over long horizontal paths through the atmosphere. Pointing the laser to hit the target in this scenario requires compensation for at least three effects: 1) target motion; 2) weapon platform motion; and 3) atmospheric turbulence effects. Pointing errors arising from atmospheric turbulence effects are random, and sensing these errors poses unique difficulties. Propagation over a long path causes the atmospheric induced phase errors to be converted into amplitude errors, which we refer to as scintillation. A potential solution to the problem of target tracking under conditions of strong scintillation is to use phase unwrapping techniques to reconstruct an estimate of the phase of the incident field which accounts for the discontinuities arising from branch points. Recent work in two-dimensional phase unwrapping techniques has shown that if the aperture is appropriately sampled by a Hartmann sensor, then it is possible to reconstruct the actual phase of the incident field. Under this program we propose to implement the latest phase unwrapping and branch point reconstruction problem, and use these new approaches to determine the optimal pointing angle for a laser beam.

TEMPEST TECHNOLOGIES LLC 4435 Coldwater Canyon AveSte 205 Studio City, CA 91604
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 752-6539 Ben G. Fitzpatrick AF 99-004
Title:	Tracking Through Optical Turbulence
Abstract:	In this proposal we consider the incorporation of advanced image processing techniques into laser tracking algorithms to improve performance in systems such as the AirBorne Laser (ABL) tactical missile defense system. Based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood statistical ideas, and using computationally efficient wavelet filtering methods, our methods sharpen focal plane images allowing for more accurate tracking. Scintillation, the turbulence-induced fluctuation of image intensities, is widely regarded as a major problem for tracking algorithms. The image reconstruction methods we propose herein provide the potential to mitigate significantly the effects of scintillation, thus enhancing track performance. We also propose innovative filtering concepts for tracking algorithms. Collaborating with scientists and engineers at AFRL and at SVS R&D Systems, we will use wave propagation simulations data and data collected in tests at Lincoln Laboratory's Firepond facility to score the performance of these algorithms. Continuing our partnership with SVS, the leader in systems engineering for optical pointing and tracking systems, will allow us to leverage the results obtained in this effort into hardware systems in a most efficient and cost-effective manner.

APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 4300 San Mateo Blvd NESuite A220 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 881-8074 C. Randy Jones AF 99-005
Title:	Development of a High Density Energetic Species Flow Reactor
Abstract:	The objective of the overall SBIR effort is to design, demonstrate, and deliver to the AF a gaseous flow reactor capable of producing high-density flows of critical chemical species. Depending upon the results of a detailed flow analysis the reactor would be designed to support either a subsonic or a supersonic chemical iodine laser scaling experiment and demonstration at significant output power levels. The NC1/I transfer system is one of several promising advanced chemical iodine laser concepts. This concept has recently demonstrated laser gain. The next step on the critical technology path is the production of substantial flow rates of the key reactants-gaseous hydrazoic acid and chlorine atoms. During Phase I, we will evaluate several concepts generating both species and then integrate the selected concepts into an overall flow reactor design. Key small-scale hydrazoic acid experiments will also be conducted. The resulting high-density flow reactor, which can be the basis of a 100-W all-gas-phase chemical laser, will be delivered to AFRL/DELC at the completion of Phase II. Other chemical iodine laser concepts can also be explored using this reactive-flow apparatus. This enabling technology will permit the development of what may be the world's next major class of high-power lasers.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Ctr. Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Steven J. Davis AF 99-005
Title:	High Flux Source for Halogen Atoms and Diode Laser Dignostics for Advanced Iodine Lasers
Abstract:	The Air Force has intense interest in developing efficient, high power laser sources for space-based applications. The NCl (a) pumped atomic iodine laser is a promising candidate system for this important application. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop two enabling technologies for this new laser system: high flux atomic halogen source and ultra sensitive diode laser based diagnostics for key species. The chemistry involved in the production of the relevant excited states required atomic halogen species: F, Cl, and I. We propose to develop novel, high flow rate sources for these species. This source is based upon our Microwave Driven Plasma Jet (MIDJet) device. This source has demonstrated high fluxes (19mmoles/s) of atomic fluorine and has the potential to produce comparable fluxes of Cl and I. In Phase I we will use a prototype MIDJet to test the feasibility for producing F, Cl, and I. In addition, we will demonstrate a diode laser based system for measuring NCl (X). These two technologies will be developed into deliverable hardware during Phase II.

PHYSITRON, INC. 3304A Westmill Dr Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 534-4844 Dr. Melvin Price AF 99-006
Title:	Cable Shielding Effectiveness Tester
Abstract:	An in-situ cable shielding effectiveness tester (CSET) is proposed for use with aircraft cables. Using built-in components and an external analyzer, the CSET will be capable of conducting shielding effectiveness measurements simply and quickly with no need to disturb the cable being tested. The person conducting the test will simply connect the analyzer to an existing port, start the automated test program, and produce a frequency-dependent assessment of the shielding effectiveness highlighting any behavior that falls below a specified threshold. Development of the CSET will require research by Physitron in three different areas: in the area of the built-in components; in the area of the external analyzer; and in the integration of the two units into the final system. For Phase I, design and analysis of a prototype system will be conducted along with sufficient laboratory measurements to demonstrate feasibility of the concept. Then in Phase II a complete CSET will be built, tested, and demonstrated to the Air Force using aircraft cables. In addition, during Phase I, a commercialization plan will be initiated with an instrumentation manufacturer in preparation for incorporating the CSET into a newly produced aircraft.

SVS R&D SYSTEMS, INC. 6207 Pan American Freeway NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-4600 Mike Kvasnak AF 99-007
Title:	Tracking/Wavefront Processor for High Bandwidth Control Applications
Abstract:	The primary objective of this SBIR will be to design a processing system that will meet the high bandwidth, computationally intensive, requirements of real-time tracking through turbulence and wavefront tilt and scintillation measurement and compensation. The processing system design will consist of central processing unit(s), digital signal processor(s), high speed memory modules, input/output modules, operating system, data and control bus, application software, development environment, and a performance analysis/verification system. We will utilize our extensive experience designing acquisition, tracking, and pointing algorithms and systems for laser weapon systems, combined with our work on the ABL Beam Control/Fire Control (BC/FC) Preliminary Design Review and BC/FC Processor Throughput Demonstration along with Dr. Merritt's Advanced Tracking SBIR and Dr. Dillow's Kalman Filter Tracker Broad Agency Announcement. We will apply our knowledge of high-speed image processing systems with an awareness of ABL testing plans at North Oscura Peak and technology development plans from the ABL technology office.

STI OPTRONICS, INC. 2755 Northup Way Bellevue, WA 98004
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 827-0460 Dr. Richard D. Romea AF 99-008
Title:	Development of Advanced Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) Mixing Nozzles
Abstract:	The intent of this research is to develop an advanced nozzle for mixing and reacting iodine (I (sub 2) or I) and singlet-delta oxygen [O (sub 2) ((sup 1) increment)] flows in COIL devices. The ultimate goal is to develop a more efficient COIL. Specific avenues for the proposed research are: (1) Current COIL nozzles typically inject a mixture of diluent gas and molecular iodine into the subsonic region of the O (sub 2) ((sup 1) increment) flow upstream of the nozzle throat. The resulting mixing leads non-uniform loading on the laser mirrors and to a non-uniform gain distribution ('sugar-scooping'). 'Tuning' the mixing and chemical reactions with an improved nozzle design may solve this problem and may also yield higher laser efficiency. (2) In the COIL mixing process, a significant amount of the energy stored in the singlet-delta oxygen is required to dissociate the molecular iodine to atoms. Analysis indicates that 4-6 O (sub 2) ((sup1) increment) molecules are required per I (sub 2) molecule. Injection of atomic iodine may result in an overall more efficient COIL system. (3) Heat release in the flow, both in the laser and due to deactivation of excited species, has a deleterious effect on laser performance, as well as on pressure recovery. An improved supersonic nozzle will mitigate this effect.

APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1120 Delaware Ave Longmont, CO 80501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 684-8722 Stephen H. Osborn AF 99-009
Title:	LIDAR for Remote Sensing of Optical Turbulence
Abstract:	The objective of the proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a new LIDAR for remote sensing of optical turbulence and cirrus clouds aboard the Airborne Laser platform. The LIDAR employs common transmit/receive apertures, a pulse laser, and a range gated receiving system, and it has the following advantages. It is insensitive to aircraft vibrations, and it can operate over long distances in the strong scintillation regime. During the first phase, the following tasks will be accomplished: (1) develop conceptual design; (2) do performance analysis; (3) develop hardware and software for demonstration; (4) do field demonstration; (5) reduce and analyze the demo data; (6) write a scientific paper and final report. In addition to the Airborne Laser scenario, the sensor can be used for ground-based laser and space-object imaging applications. A small commercial LIDAR system could also be developed for sensing turbulence and thin clouds at astronomical sites. The project will be carried out by a team of researchers from Applied Technologies Inc, and Georgia Tech, who have broad experience in the developing and testing of optical sensors for measuring turbulence over very long distances, the development of LIDAR sensors and new technologies for astronomical adaptive optics.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Philip Gatt AF 99-009
Title:	Lidar for Remote Sensing of Optical Turbulence
Abstract:	The proposed program develops a novel, single-ended, range-resolved refractive turbulence profiler. This system is based on solid-state coherent laser radar technology and therefore has the potential for characterizing wind turbulence as well. The subject innovation provides real-time turbulence profiles that can benefit missile defense platforms, such as the Airborne Laser (ABL), by generating on-line risk assessments as a function of the engagement geometry. Refractive turbulence characterization, specifically as it relates to breaking wave structures near the tropopause, can also be performed. For the ABL, range-resolved Cn2 profiling to ranges of the order of 200 km is expected, with profile update rates of ~ 1 Hz. The proposed sensor will also be able to generate a single ABL risk parameter (such as rho zero) a much higher update rate (~10 Hz). In the Phase I program, CTI will extended (SIC) previous analyses, that has already been completed, to capture higher order effects that were ignored in the previous first order analysis. Laboratory demonstration experiments will be conducted to validate theory and calibration techniques. In Phase II CTI plans to build and demonstrate a coherent-array sensor using state-of-the-art solid-state laser technology.

CSA ENGINEERING 2565 Leghorn St. Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 210-9000 Dr. Roger M. Glaese AF 99-010
Title:	Active Acoustic Suppression for High Performance Aircraft
Abstract:	The extreme conditions that a high performance fighter aircraft must operate in lead to harsh vibroacoustic environments that the various aircraft electronics and the precision optics of an airborne laser weapon must survive. Standard practice for reducing the effects of these environments is to beef up the support structure or use acoustic blankets, both of which impose severe weight penalties. CSA Engineering proposes to develop active acoustic suppression technologies, which have the potential for good performance without the severe weight penalties, for application to high performance fighter aircraft. The suitability of the numerous acoustic suppression techniques will be performed for fighter electronics/weapons bays. Structural-acoustic simulations of these bays integrated with models of the host aircraft will be used to evaluate performance levels of these acoustic suppression designs. The predicted attenuation levels, and the physical practicality and modularity of the designs will be selected for further evaluation in a hardware demonstration. In the demonstration, a mockup of the electronics bay will be constructed and tested for acoustically induced vibration. The measured acoustic and vibration reduction with the acoustic suppression applied will provide an indication of levels of improvement that are realistically achievable.

PIXELVISION, INC. 14964 NW Greenbrier Pkwy Beaverton, OR 97006
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 629-3210 Scott Way AF 99-011
Title:	High Frame Rate SWIR Camera
Abstract:	A short wavelength infrared (SWIR) camera for high frame rate active tracking and wavefront sensing applications does not presently exist. PixelVision, Inc., a leader in high quantum efficiency, low noise, fast frame imaging systems, proposes development of a SWIR camera that will have the following characteristics: 1) quantum efficiency greater than 50% from 1.06 to 1.4 microns; 2) frame rate in excess of 5kHz; 3) 200x200 element resolution with 16 micron pitch; and 4) read noise less than 50 noise electrons per pixel. The focal plane array readout architecture will be a split frame transfer charge coupled device (CCD). Indium gallium arsenide will be fused to the backside silicon surface of the thinned CCD to provide the active SWIR detection material. A tri-level CCD clock waveform will be used to extract photocarriers from the InGaAs into the CCD charge storage wells and subsequently readout the photocarriers. A conceptual camera design will be developed from modifications to PixelVision's ADAPT3 (sup TM) adaptive optics visible camera.

CLARK-MXR, INC. 7300 W. Huron River Dr Dexter, MI 48130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 426-0198 Dr. Mark Dugan AF 99-012
Title:	Reliable, Intense, Ultrafast, and Compact, Guide-Wave Laser for Cloud Penetration, Remote Sensing & Active Imaging
Abstract:	The goal of this program is to develop reliable, compact, ultrafast, high peak-power lasers. These lasers will be used in the military for cloud penetration, reconnaissance, remote sensing, and active illumination, in the microelectronic industry for repair of photomasks, and for SRAM/DRAM yield improvement; in the automobile industry for sensors and fuel injector machining; and in the aerospace industry for turbine blade machining. Clark-MXR's design departs drastically from traditional free-space cavity approach that has been the basic of all ultra-high peak power lasers built to-date. Rather we will rely exclusively on guided-cavity components: optical fibers and ultra-large waveguides. These elements, coupled with diode-pumping, will be configured in a chirped pulse amplification geometry. They will provide ultra-high peak powers coupled with exceptional compactness and robustness. Clark-MXR has the in-house expertise to design this type of source and the support structure to manufacture and commercialize it. Clark-MXR has also a unique capability to micromachine the large waveguides necessary for this program. The University of Michigan (Professor K. Winick) will Provide the expertise in optical waveguide design and testing. Avalon Investment Inc. (MI) will provide funding for the commercialization phase (Phase III or Fast).

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP. 2300 Windy Ridge PkwySte 400 S. Atlanta, GA 30339
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 971-9880 Dr. Joe Durham AF 99-013
Title:	Portable UHF or VHF Radar for Measuring Wind and the Refractive Index Structure
Abstract:	AFRL/DE requires the development of a mobile UHF or VHF radar for measuring wind and the refractive index structure parameter C (sub n, sup 2) from the lower troposphere to 20 km. The system should have a 150m range resolution, <3 degrees antenna beamwidth, three-minute profiling intervals, and a greater than 100 million Wm (sub 2) power-aperture product. The system should be capable of being disassembled within a week, moved to a new site, and reassembled within a week. The team of Scientific Research Corporation, Radian Electronic Systems, and Sonoma Technology, Inc. proposes to develop an Operational Requirements Document (ORD) precisely defining the specifications of the mobile radar profiler. Working closely with the COTR, our team will take the approved ORD and conduct a cost/performance tradeoff study and identify significant technical issues and risks for further development of a subsequent Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) specification. The system design will use Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Non-Developmental Item (NDI) components. We will utilize our knowledge of existing radar profilers, and our ability to field COTS profilers for specification compliance and C (Sub n, sup 2) calibration verification.

MECHANICAL & COMPOSITE ENGINEERING 59775 Spring Creek Rd Montrose, CO 81401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 249-1751 Charles A. Richey AF 99-015
Title:	Advanced Portable Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM)
Abstract:	MCE will investigate the possibility of using multiple collectors and detectors to develop a DIMM that is both portable and capable of obtaining atmospheric turbulence data from stellar sources and laser sources during nighttime and daytime hours. The proposers have many years experience in developing instruments for atmospheric turbulence measurements and in using such instruments to conduct research on horizontal/slant paths and on vertical paths through the atmosphere. MCE will produce a conceptual design and a prototype DIMM and will perform a detailed analysis to predict the performance characteristics of the device. MCE will conduct at least 2 field test with the prototype DIMM and will compare the experimental results with the predicted performance. During the final stages of Phase I, MCE will conduct a technical review to determine changes desirable for the Phase II DIMM. A primary objective of the hardware and software is to incorporate commercial off-the-shelf products wherever possible - consistent with the requirements for the performance desired.

APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOC. 1900 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 767-1202 H.R. Sebesta AF 99-016
Title:	Small Inertial Attitude Reference System for Small High-Performance Aircraft Applications
Abstract:	The Air Force has identified the need for a small, inexpensive inertial attitude reference system that functions as a two-axis optical reference in high performance aircraft applications. Applied Technology Associates (ATA) proposes the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Inertial Reference Unit (MIRU) to meet the requirement. The MIRU will integrate innovative and emerging technologies of inexpensive, low-noise inertial sensors, electromagnetic actuators, electronics, and state-of-the-art digital processors and software to address the Air Force need. In the past year, ATA has achieved technology advances in MHD-based inertial angular motion sensing that directly contribute to the feasibility of developing the MIRU. ATA Sensors, the Company's commercial division, completed the design, manufacture, and successful market introduction of the Model ARS-12. This innovative product possesses the appropriate size, bandwidth, measurement noise and dynamic range, power consumption, ruggedness, and cost characteristics desired for an aircraft optical reference unit. The MIRU will use the model ARS-12 as the basis for achieving the requisite isolation of the telescope's optical line-of-sight (LOS) from the aircraft base motion, i.e., LOS jitter at 3 microradians or less. Other direct lessons learned and technology foundations from ATA's support to the Air Force High Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) will be exploited in constructing the MIRU.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Christopher M. Gittins AF 99-017
Title:	A Low Peak Power Differential Absorption LIDAR System for Remote Characterization of Chemical Vapor Plumes
Abstract:	Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems have become extremely useful tools for remote sensing of atmospheric constituents. Physical Sciences Inc. proposes to develop a compact, lightweight, quantum cascade (QC) laser-based DIAL transceiver for remote sensing of airborne chemical compounds. The QC laser-based transmitter will facilitate ground and UAV-based monitoring of trace chemical vapors presently difficult or impossible to quantify using other laser sources. QC lasers are compact, solid-state devices which provide access to infrared wavelengths unattainable using CO laser-based lidars, greater ease of use than emerging IR lidar technologies, e.g. optical parametric oscillators (OPO), and have the potential to be as ubiquitous and inexpensive as diode lasers are today. The DIAL system described here will provide range resolved molecular column density measurements and 100% duty cycle data acquisition. A prototype DIAL system based on currently available QC lasers will allow remote quantification of chemical effluents relevant to NBC counter proliferation from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms.

Q-PEAK, INC. 135 South Rd Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9535 Dr. Yelena Isyanova AF 99-017
Title:	Broadly Tunable, High Repetition Rate, 10-W Average Power IR Laser Source
Abstract:	Q-Peak, Inc. proposes to develop a broadly tunable, 10-W-average-power IR source suitable for use as a DIAL system transmitter and based on the combination of a Nd-doped pulsed pump laser and optical parametric oscillators (OPO). The laser source, a compact, diode-pumped, 5-10 kHz pulse-repetition-rate, Q-switched Nd:YLF laser, will pump a tandem OPO system consisting of an angle-tuned, 3-5 (magnetic moment)m KTA OPO, and a pump-tuned, 8-12 (magnetic moment)m CdSe OPO pumped by the KTA OPO idler. Diode-pumping and nonlinear conversion will substantially increase the efficiency of the proposed source whereas high pulse rates (5-10 kHz) will allow the possibility of reducing the data acquisition time. The Phase I effort will demonstrate a laboratory breadboard 2.5-5 W IR transmitter and develop a design for a higher-efficiency 10-W, 3-12 (magnetic moment)m tuning range IR-source.

CYNOSURE, INC. 10 Elizabeth Dr. Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 256-4200 Frederic Durville AF 99-018
Title:	High-Efficiency, Coherent Combination of Fiber Lasers
Abstract:	Over 35 W of power can be generated by a single fiber laser in a coherent, diffraction-limited beam, with a high quantum efficiency over 85%. The output power of a single fiber laser is however limited by intrinsic non-linear effects. We propose to coherently combine several fiber lasers in order to overcome such limitation. This work will build upon work by Rediker and Leger, and on the large effort in the computer field to have efficient fan-out of a laser beam. We will use a fan-in continuous phase grating to recombine the laser beams. Combination efficiency over 95% can theoretically be achieved for 3 beams, and over 99% for 9 beams. We will use our Excimer laser ablation system to fabricate the continuous phase grating in a 16-level approximation, thus allowing a quick turnaround for prototyping. The performance of the phase grating will first be evaluated in a fan-out configuration, and then in a fan-in configuration with a single fiber laser split into three beams. Three individual low-power fiber lasers will then be coherently combined. The coherence will be quantitatively evaluated and the influence of the individual fiber laser characteristics, such as frequency stability, will be analyzed in details.

INDUSTRIAL MICROPHOTONICS CO. 20 Point West St. Charles, MO 63301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 916-5656 Dr. Ed Stephens AF 99-018
Title:	Highly Efficient, Diode Pumped Waveguide Laser
Abstract:	We propose to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing a simple waveguide laser that would demonstrate all of the qualities of fiber lasers while utilizing the simple pumping scheme of an side pumped Nd:YAG laser. The Phase I effort will involve modeling of the system and Phase II will be construction of a prototype. We will investigate a wound single mode rare earth doped fiber such that each new wrap of fiber is in the same plane as the previous wrap. The fiber would then be encapsulated with optical clear material and placed between two thin SiO (sub 2) substrates to create a wrapped fiber sandwich. To optically excite the active ions in the fiber's core, the sandwich would be pumped from the edge by a close-coupled laser diode bar. The outside of the substrate material could be silvered in order to prevent the pump light escaping. As the pump light passses through each wrap of fiber core, some about of it will be absorbed by the active ions creating the population inversion needed for lasing action in the fiber.

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. 3490 US Rte 1, Bldg 12 Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 520-0610 Dr. Alan Sugg AF 99-018
Title:	Master Oscillator, Grating Coupled Power Amplifier (MO-GCPA) Diode Lasers for 0.97-1.10 um
Abstract:	Sensors Unlimited will grow, fabricate and test Master Oscillator Grating Coupled Power Amplifier (MO-GCPA) lasers designed to operate with diffraction-limited beam divergence up to 5 W CW power in the 0.97-1.1 (magnetic moment)m wavelength range. The goal of this program is the delivery of the relevant basic material and device characterization necessary for the design of this new type of "MOPA" laser along with the MO-GCPA lasers operating at 5 W output power in a single spatial mode. The motivation for MO-GCPA device development is the commercial potential of diffraction-limited beam high power sources for free-space communications, laser radar applications, pumping and material processing systems. In order to achieve this goal, Sensors Unlimited will use the services of Sarnoff Corporation to grow low-loss broadened waveguide InGaAsP/InGaP laser structures and fabricate on their case high-power lasers with diffraction-limited beams. In Phase I we will design and test the main element of MO-GCPA lasers which is the master distributed Bragg reflector section with coupling grating. Data from these measurements will prove invaluable for the fabrication and testing of further designs in Phase II of the program.

FARR RESEARCH, INC. 614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 293-3886 Everett G. Farr AF 99-019
Title:	Airborne UWB Phased Array
Abstract:	Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antennas for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been a challenge for some time, due to size and weight requirements. Such antennas can aid a number of missions in a cost-effective manner, including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Foliage Penetration (FOPEN), Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) and Counter-Camouflage Concealment and Deception (CC&D). UAVs have been shown to be a cost-effective method of carrying out these missions, but without the right antennas, these missions may fall short of their goals. The antennas required for these missions must be effective over a broad bandwidth, and they can induce only minimal drag on the surface of the aircraft. The frequencies of interest extend as low as 25 MHz. It is at the low end of the band where size constraints are most challenging. Obtaining a good antenna pattern is a challenge unless the antenna is the same size as a wavelength. Impedance matching over a broad bandwidth is also a challenge, because electrically small antennas normally have a matching circuit that provides a good match only within a very narrow band. Another challenge lies in steering the beam electronically. To address these challenges, we propose developing a crossed linear dipole array along the bottom of the fuselage and wing that is flush with the aircraft surface. We will explore antennas that reach as low as 25 MHz, with a decade of bandwidth. Designs that introduce minimal drag will be considered. We will calculate the antenna pattern, and we will calculate impedance match and radiation efficiency. We will also consider how to design systems with two polarizations. Finally, we will explore the patterns available after steering the beam using phase shifters. During Phase I we will build and test a scale model of a candidate array element.

MISSION RESEARCH CORP. PO Drawer 719 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9261 Glen R. Salo AF 99-019
Title:	Lightweight Ultra-Wideband Antenna
Abstract:	A clear need exists in military and commercial applications to improve the remote detection and identification targets. While a variety of ongoing efforts are focusing on signal exploitation and feature extraction of the return radar signal, potential antenna design performance enhancements are beginning to receive more interest. As radar bandwidths are increased to extract even more information, the performance of the radar system becomes more dependent on the performance of the antenna system. This proposal outlines an approach to measure and characterize the performance of IRA class antennas for potential use in UWB SAR applications. The performance of the IRA class antennas will be parameterized by established UWB antenna characterizations methods and compared with competing UWB antenna designs such as the TEM horn and LPDA antennas. In addition, measured data from a 1/16th scale model of a Bradley armored vehicle will be used to demonstrate the potential HRR down range profiles of an IRA based radar system. This program is designed to quickly identify the strengths and potential weaknesses of an IRA class UWB SAR radar system. Concept feasibility will be demonstrated in Phase I, and design optimization will occur in Phase II.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4165 Dr. Moshe Oren AF 99-020
Title:	Modulated Corner Cube Concept for Laser Communication
Abstract:	The development of a high-speed corner cube laser beam modulator for free space communication is the subject of this proposal. Free space laser communication is considered to be a viable, cost-effective approach in many applications requiring point-to-point secure communication. In one such application, useful for small satellites constrained by power consumption, a ground CW laser is used and a reflecting corner cube modulator is placed onboard the satellite. For such a system to be accepted, a high-speed modulator operating at 1 MHz or higher rates is needed. Foster-Miller proposes to use a voltage controlled diffractive optical element (DOE) as a high-speed modulator for this application. When fully implemented, the modulator will achieve a megahertz modulation rate, will have a large active aperture of more than 50 mm, and will be wavelength insensitive from the visible to IR range. One of the most important characteristics of the proposed device, which distinguishes it from other designs, is its very short response time consistent with high contrast ratio of better than 100:1, and large aperture. The anticipated drive power requirement of the proposed modulator is less than 10 mW/cm (sup 2). The proposed modulator can be produced using established semiconductor manufacturing technology.

NZ APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 14A Gill St Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-2030 Hua Jiang AF 99-020
Title:	High Performance Retromodulator for Laser Communication
Abstract:	Optroceramics hold promise to produce leading edge retromodulators; a critical component for laser communications. In this program, NZ Applied Technologies proposes to demonstrate and fabricate a high performance solid-state modulator possessing high speed, polarization insensitive operation, ceramic ruggedness, low optical loss, and low fabrication cost. The technology is based upon large electro-optic effect ceramic materials and innovative device architecture. The design is simple and compact with low fabrication cost potential. It is anticipated that state-of-the-art performance of several key specifications can be achieved through this program. These include high data rate, low optical insertion loss, wide temperature operation, broad band, and cost effectiveness. Prototype modulators will be fabricated to demonstrate feasibility in Phase I.

SRS TECHNOLOGIES 500 Discovery Dr Hunstville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 971-7821 James P. Paxton AF 99-021
Title:	Space Capable, Optically Transparent Thin Films
Abstract:	Polymeric membrane optics are leading candidates for lightweight space-based optical systems. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the shape distortion of the membrane. This Phase I proposal will couple the detailed analytical understanding with an innovative polymeric material and fabrication process. Test samples of the polyimized material will be fabricated to demonstrate the superior phase and amplitude distortion of the canopy material. Research in process improvement will be performed and implemented, leading to fabrication of an polyimide optic collector in Phase I. The test article will demonstrate the feasibility of the process and lay the ground work for Phase II work.

LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP. 2400 Charleston Rd. Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 526-1281 Dr. Lawrence E. Myers AF 99-022
Title:	High-Power Frequency Conversion with Periodically-Poled Materials
Abstract:	This program will develop high-power visible laser sources based on frequency conversion of 1 micron diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Improvements are needed in efficient and robust nonlinear materials. The technical objectives of our overall research program are to develop periodically-poled materials for use in commercial high-power visible devises, and for use in cascaded nonlinear output coupling configurations that have been studied at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Our goals for the Phase I portion of the program are to demonstrate improved properties of periodically-poled materials using the same set-ups in order to fairly compare their performance. We will test the already commercially available materials and also investigate newly emerging materials. Tests will include absorption measurements and side-by-side nonlinear optical measurements in 532 nm second harmonic generation and 1 micron pumped optical parametric oscillators. Test results will be provided to nonlinear crystal suppliers.

APPLIED PULSE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3663 Syracuse Ct San Diego, CA 92122
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 453-2640 Allen Ramrus AF 99-023
Title:	High Average Power Modulator for Multi-Gigawatt HPM Sources
Abstract:	Advances in microwave sources with high peak and average power depend on continued development of reliable modulators capable of testing high-voltage HPM sources at rep-rates up to 100 Hz. In light of budget limitations, new pulser development must be accomplished cost-effectively. This proposal is for a design study of a new 100Hz modulator which provides 600 kV, l (magnetic moment)s pulsewidth to discretely variable loads of 10 to 50 (omega particle). We propose to conduct the following tasks: (1) Design the optimum modulator meeting the specifications without regard to cost. In this task, the study will include the use of technology promising the highest performance and reliability. (2) Design the modulator meeting the above requirements with deference to budget limitations. Thus, for example, switches (as in the primary circuit of the pulse transformer) may be gas-blown spark-gaps as opposed to more costly high-voltage thyratrons. (3) List and establish availability of existing equipment and determine if a system can be assembled to the new specifications cost-effectively. In this case, performance requirements such as reduced pulse fall time and enhanced fault mode protection would be emphasized in anticipation of increased resources to address advanced development in specific areas.

MICROWAVE SCIENCES, INC. 1041 Los Arabis Ln Lafayette, CA 94549
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 283-8454 James Benford AF 99-023
Title:	High Average Power Modulator for Multi-GW HPM Sources
Abstract:	We propose a modulator which meets all the specifications of the AFRL SBIR announcement with these principal features: Variable electrical pulse duration, which will be very useful in avoiding wear-and-tear if pulse shortening occurs in the HPM source. The user can configure the Pulse Forming Network [PFN] to facilitate rapid re-configuration for a range of pulse durations at fixed impedance. Operation at several impedances from 8.3 (omega particle) to 50 (omega particle). Minimum cost: The design is based on the modulator now at HERTF. Among contemporary modulators, it is the closest in specification to the AFRL requirement. The minimum cost is obtained by using this existing design for the system architecture and for many of the key components and subsystems. At this point we believe all the specifications can be met within the cost objective. Reduces risk: Expanding on an existing design significantly reduces risk, and allows us to provide greatly increased performance within the given budget.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Timothy J. Carrig AF 99-026
Title:	High Stability, Broadly Tunable, Single-Frequency Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF Lasers
Abstract:	Highly stable, broadly tunable, single-frequency laser sources are needed for a variety of applications including high resolution optical spectroscopy, frequency standards, pumping and seeding of lasers and nonlinear devices, lidar, and hard target laser radar. In this effort, CTI proposes to build broadly tunable, ultra-narrow linewidth lasers capable of generating several hundred mW output power using the Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF hosts. This work will leverage CTI's successful efforts in manufacturing tunable single-frequency Yb:YAG, Tm:YAG, Tm,Ho:YLF, and Tm:LuAG lasers at the 1(magnetic moment)m and 2 (magnetic moment)m wavelengths. These existing lasers fit in the palm of one's hand and provide better than 10 kHz/msec short-term linewidth stability and 5% min peak-to-peak amplitude stability in a TEM (sub 00), near diffraction-limited beam. The Yb:YAG laser outputs over 200 mW and tunes about the 1.03 (magnetic moment)m wavelength region. In this program CTI will increase the output power, tuning range, and stability of our existing Yb:YAG master oscillator and extend the product line to include Yb:YLF. Additionally, to ensure that these lasers will meet the stability requirements needed for applications such as the development of optical frequency standards, CTI will collaborate with researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, CO, to establish performance criteria and investigate innovative passive and active stabilization techniques.

LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP. 2400 Charleston Rd Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 526-1288 Dr. Mark Arbore AF 99-026
Title:	Ultra-Narrow Linewidth, Tunable Single-Frequency Ytterbium Laser
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I program is to design and demonstrate an ultra-stable single-frequency diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at <1030 nm. We propose to use Ytterbium (Yb) doped YAG and/or YLF as the laser gain medium. Unidirectional ring architecture allows single-frequency operation. A quasi-monolithic cavity design assures stable operation, while allowing use of the quasi-three-level Yb gain medium. The proposed architecture is suitable for both Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF, as well as for other laser gain media - thus, this program will provide an enabling technology for single-frequency lasers at a variety of wavelengths. Ytterbium-based single-frequency lasers have several advantages over Neodymium-based solid-state lasers. In particular, Yb offers more than an order of magnitude greater tunability, access to shorter wavelengths, and greater electrical-to-optical efficiency.

RYDAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 1523 Noble Rd Rydal, PA 19046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 886-5678 Dr. Warren A. Rosen AF 99-029
Title:	High-Performance Optical Network for Satellite Applications
Abstract:	Rydal Research proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-speed, low-latency optical network for satellite applications capable of supporting data transfers at data rates in the range of 5-20 Gb/s with application-to-application latencies of less than 10 (micromicron)s. The network will support a commercial high-performance protocol that will provide full network services and be scaleable up to several hundred nodes. The network will be based on high-performance low-power optical networking components being developed by Rydal Research including a novel optical switch topology and low-power optical transceiver, clock recovery and serializer/deserializer circuits. Advanced modeling and simulation techniques will be used to model both the protocol and hardware to match the network characteristics to the protocol in order to achieve optimum throughput, latency, and system cost.

SPACE PHOTONICS, INC. 700 West 20th St. Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(501) 575-5316 Charles H. Chalfant AF 99-029
Title:	Spaceworthy 2.488 Gbps IEEE 1393 Fiber Optic Transceiver
Abstract:	The innovation offered by this Phase I SBIR proposal is a 2.488 Gbps spaceborne fiber optic network operating at ATM OC-48 data rates, with the potential of yielding interconnect speeds as high as 4.98 Gbps. This innovation represents a significant improvement in the data handling capabilities of currently available spaceborne data networks. The fiber optic network will implement the IEEE 1393 Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB) protocol standard while providing a 2 to 4 times increase in data throughput capacity. Additionally, the proposed innovative protocol ASIC and fiber optic transceiver MCM designs have the potential to drastically reduce current spacecraft interconnect power consumption while providing enhanced EMI isolation, and significantly reducing spacecraft development, integration and test cost. The commercial aerospace market has exploded with demands for high speed data handling requirements; our fiber optic networks will meet this demand.

PADGETT-MARTIN TECHNOLOGY c/o Philippe Pouliquen4222 Falls Rd. Baltimore, MD 21211
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 516-0257 Philippe O. Pouliquen AF 99-030
Title:	Latch-Up Detection and Cancellation in CMOS VLSI Circuits
Abstract:	Latch-up in a large digital system can be isolated to a small portion of the total die area. In success cases, the increase in current drawn from the supply is not distinguishable from the much larger average current consumed by normal operation. This makes it difficult to detect micro-latch-up by observing the current consumption of the entire chip. We propose a technique which senses the voltage differences across the source to bulk junction of the transistor. This signal in turn is used to control a local switch to the power supply of the effected circuits. When a micro-latch-up condition is detected the affected block of logic will be power cycled to alleviate the latch-up condition.

ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES, INC. 1675 W. Maple Rd. Troy, MI 48084
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 362-4780 Dr. Scott J. Jones AF 99-031
Title:	Development of Ultralight, Thin-Film a-Si:H Based Solar Cells for Auxiliary Spacecraft Power Systems
Abstract:	We propose to develop a novel, low-cost, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based modular to be integrated with a spacecraft thermal blanket for an auxiliary spacecraft power system. This new design is unique from ECD's present multi-junction module design in that an ultralight kapton substrate material and a monolithic cell interconnect design will be used which will allow for potential energy densities as high as 1000 W/kg. Small area (0.25 cm2) cells with this ultralight design have been fabricated with beginning-of-life AM0 efficiencies greater than 12%. Extensive tests have also demonstrated that the cell quality is resilient to electron and proton bombardment. In Phase I, we plan to scale-up the deposition process for 0.5 ft. x 0.5 ft. area cell fabrication. Deposition conditions will be optimized to achieve high cell performance and uniformity over large areas. Achievement of a highly reproducible process that produces 0.5 ft. x 0.5 ft. modules on kapton substrates with efficiencies greater than 8% will be achieved during the Phase I program. The process and module efficiencies will further be refined in Phase II of the program with the eventual goal of the implementation of the new module design and fabrication process into ECD's role-to role manufacturing line.

MATERIALS RESEARCH GROUP, INC. 12441 W 49th Ave, Ste 3 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 425-6688 Dr. Ingrid Eisgruber AF 99-031
Title:	Lightweight Large-Area Culn(sub x)Ga(sub 1-x)Se(sub 2) Photovoltaic Modules on Steel Foil
Abstract:	Flexible thin film photomoltaics offer a number of advantages over single crystal technologies for space power. Such advantages include a large number of watts per kilogram and watts per volume, superior radiation resistance, low cost and good temperature cycle stability. However, thin film photovoltaics on lightweight flexible substrates is not yet a mature technology. The use of non-glass substrates poses several challenges, including the requirement of modified scribing techniques due to the thin opaque substrate, the inability to deposit cells in a superstrate configuration due to the opaque substrate, differing film growth due to lack of Na from the glass, and possible limits on the process temperature if polymer substrates are used. Materials Research Group, Inc. (MRG, Inc.) proposes the development of thin-film polycrystalline CuIn(sub x)Ga(sub1-x)Se(sub 2) (CIGS) modules on stainless steel substrates to best provide the advantages listed above. CIGS photovoltaic devices on thin steel foil substrates provide excellent potential for high efficiency compared to other absorber materials, the ability to deposit high-quality material in high-temperature deposition steps, adequate tensile strength, demonstrated radiation hardness, a weight per area close to that of polymer substrates and far superior to that of crystalline cells, and the feasibility of simple external interconnects.

METROLASER, INC. 18010 Skypark Cir., Ste 100 Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Vladimir B. Markov AF 99-032
Title:	Phase Conjugate Laser System for Remote Object Tracking
Abstract:	In this Phase I proposal we outline a plan to develop a novel phase conjugate laser system capable of locking and tracking remote objects. The proposed system uses a pulsed laser with an intra-cavity four-wave mixing configuration. In this proposal we outline the operational principles of the system, showing how velocity and position of the target can be accurately measured. During Phase I, we will perform additional theoretical analysis, design a laboratory system, and demonstrate the key aspects of the tracking system. During Phase II we will scale the technology up for field demonstration.

SPACE ENVIRONMENT CORP. 399 N Main, Ste 325 Logan, UT 84321
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(435) 752-6567 J. Vincent Eccles AF 99-033
Title:	Regional Ionospheric Forecast and Specification (RIFS) for Low-Latitude Navigation and Communications
Abstract:	The low-latitude ionosphere is highly variable from day-to-day. The day-to-day weather of the ionosphere and irregularity development impact Over-the-Horizon (OTH) radar applications, RF communication circuits, and L band satellite applications such as GPS and cellular phones. The use of these applications continues to expand, e.g., GPS as an aid to automated aircraft landing systems (WAAS). To date the monitoring and forecasting of ionospheric conditions that affect RF transmissions is either non-existent or based on empiricism. We propose to lay groundwork in Phase I for an innovative packaged system of instruments, models, and interpretive software to both monitor and forecast accurately in a geographic sector the ionosphere and the degree of ionospheric disturbance. The system would provide local monitoring for specification and 30-minute to 2-hour forecasts of signal scintillations. Since the system is deployed locally its output could be directly connected into user applications and hence maintain the forecast lead-time. The deployed sensors are off-the-shelf, and have been primarily developed for DOD applications. These sensors would be linked via INTERNET, where available, or other real-time communication links to a system computer, e.g. a Pentium-based PC. This computer carries out all required data analysis, interpretation, and provides monitoring and forecasting products autonomously.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6785 Hollister Ave Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 671-0508 Jerry L. Mehlberg AF 99-034
Title:	Automated Adaptive Task Scheduling for Satellite Network
Abstract:	Scheduling of the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) is key to its effective utilization. As demands increase and resources decrease, scheduling must become more efficient. Current AFSCN scheduling is manpower intensive and complicated. Since this process is mainly a manual one, it can take a new scheduler months to become fully trained. Computer automation and optimization of the process will improve efficiency by reducing the labor needed to prepare the schedules. Computerized scheduling could also find opportunities in those cases where emergencies or other anomalies require that the schedule be reworked quickly. In order for a computerized system to replace the current method, its algorithms must be both fast and accurate, and its solutions must be as good or better than those produced by the present system. The AFSCN scheduling problem is characterized by multiple objectives, priorities, resource allocations, and constraints. This proposal will describe several algorithms that will address the scheduling problem from a generalized standpoint. These algorithms, once developed during Phase I, could be applied to a broad range of scheduling problems, including that of the AFSCN. Any solution to the AFSCN problem could be a candidate to many other scheduling problems found in today's world.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 2 Research Pl, Ste 202 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 590-3155 Mr. Jianhong Cai AF 99-035
Title:	Optoelectronic Thyristor Based High Bandwidth Photoreceiver
Abstract:	A novel photoreceiver is proposed based upon the high optical sensitivity, gain and impedance transformation properties of an optoelectronic thyristor and HFET integrated circuit. As part of a monolithic optoelectronic technology, the thyristor is implemented as a vertical cavity device and is compatible with complementary HFET digital and analog electronics, with a complementary bipolar analog/digital gate configuration, and with vertical cavity lasers. The thyristor is based upon strained quantum well GaAs epitaxial growth with a natural emission frequency of 1 um. It is designed as a resonant vertical cavity detector with a three quantum well active absorbing region of about 300A and with current blocking barriers on either side resulting in detection which is highly resistant to radiation. With the absence of natural oxides in this structure, the HFET electronics is also radiation tolerant and implements high performance complementary logic because the natural threshold (+0.3V) are positive providing ample noise margins. The thyristor is unique in that it performs digital/analog detection in the off state and produces laser emission in the on state. By integrating with CHFET logic, a smart pixel may be designed to perform the functions of an emitter, modulator or detector depending on the logic levels applied to the resonant cavity device. In the integrated form, BER's of <10(sup -10) are expected based upon the dark current levels obtained in these devices. In this SBIR, the integrated receiver will be developed as a prototype with bandwidths >10GHz.

OCEANIT 1100 Alakea St., 31st Floor Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Daron L. Nishimoto AF 99-036
Title:	High Accuracy, Automated Satellite Surveillance Network
Abstract:	The utilization of space is increasing as commercial, military/government, research, and academic entities discover new ways to exploit the use of this environment. With the increase in numbers of satellites and debris orbiting Earth, comes the increase in importance of protecting the safety of manned and unmanned space-based assets. This growth rate is expected to increase in the near-term with the deployment of large satellite constellations - both military and civilian/commercial. It is estimated that the telecommunication sector alone will be launching more than 1000 satellites in the next 10 years, with assets totaling approximately $50 billion. High accurate observations on space objects whether it's coming from radar, optical, and space-based sites have been historically high. Oceanit proposes to design and develop a low cost automated satellite surveillance network utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology that will produce metric accuracy in the arcsecond regime - methodologies already accepted in the astronomical community. Oceanit also intends to further investigate the potential to design and develop an orbit determination system that could be utilized for real-time object propagation within their system.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr. Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Marek Turowski AF 99-037
Title:	Radiation-Hardening Design Tools for Modern Semiconductor Microelectronics
Abstract:	Currently, most semiconductor manufactures rely on electronic design automation (EDA) tools to design advanced microelectronics. However, their use for radiation-hardened (rad-hard) microelectronics is limited, since there is no available set of rad-hard design rules. Therefore, there is a need to develop computational models, starting from high-fidelity physics to circuit-level models, and from them, derive design rules for advanced rad-hard integrated circuits. To address these problems, CFDRC in collaboration with Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Vanderbilt University (Dr. R. Schrimpf), and Tanner (EDA Division), is proposing to: 1) Develop guidelines and methodologies for existing microelectronics CAD systems; 2) Develop computational environment for generating rad-hard design rules from 2D and 3D device simulations, using unstructured, adaptive mesh technologies and advanced hydrodynamic (HD) semiconductor model, enhanced with radiation-effects models; and 3) Incorporate the radiation hardening design rules into a commercial ECAD system. This will also demonstrate the feasibility of automating this process. The success of Phase I work on submicron silicon transistors will set a good foundation for Phase II, where the methodology and computational environment for rad-hard design rules will be extended for: Quantum-Well Photonic Devices (VCSEL's) , MEMS, and Nano Devices (RTDs).

ACCURATE AUTOMATION CORP. 7001 Shallowford Rd Chattanooga, TN 37421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(423) 894-4646 Dr. James C. Neidhoefer AF 99-038
Title:	Advanced Nonlinear Adaptive Controllers for Fault Tolerant Satellite Trajectory Control
Abstract:	Accurate Automation Corporation (AAC) will apply the latest knowledge in optimal control, adaptive control, and learning control to develop a state-of-the-art, adaptive, nonlinear, package for robust satellite guidance and control. The guidance module will generate an optimal trajectory between pre-defined way-points and the control module will ensure robust and accurate trajectory tracking. The controller will be cased on an improved version of an n (sup th) order multivariate Neutral Adaptive Controller (NAC (sup TM)) developed at AAC. And the guidance system will use a neutral network based adaptive critic.

APPLIED MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3611 S Harbor Blvd, Ste 225 Santa Ana, CA 92704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 545-8825 Eyan Lee AF 99-039
Title:	Development of Test Procedures and Acceptance/Rejection Criteria for Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits in Space
Abstract:	Hermetically sealed microcircuits, such as ceramics, have been used successfully in space, but there are potential cost, size, and weight advantages if plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) packaging is used for space application. Approximately 98% of all microcircuits manufactured in the world are housed in plastic packages. Ceramics will not be available, or very costly in the future because private industry is moving toward plastic encapsulation. Unless test procedures and acceptance/rejection criteria for space qualification of PEMs are developed, hermetically sealed microcircuits will still be required even though they are very expensive and/or very limited in availability. The problem with plastic packaging is that plastic materials are hygroscopic and contain brittle passivation layers, which are susceptible to stress cracking mainly from thermal cycling. Small amounts of moisture will lead to corrosion and, hence, early failure of the electronics. Because of moisture absorption and package cracking, commercial plastic encapsulated microcircuits manufactured today cannot pass at least five of the MIL STL 883 tests which, currently ceramic packages need to pass. At present there are no standards or requirements for PEMs for use in space stations. This proposed effort will develop test procedures and acceptance/rejection criteria for use of PEMs in space.

ADVANCED PROJECTS RESEARCH, INC. 1925 McKinley Ave, Ste B La Verne, CA 91750
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 392-3155 Dr. Thomas H. Sobota AF 99-041
Title:	Cell-Wise Battery Charge and Thermal Control System for Aerospace Batteries
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the need for monitoring and control of change and temperature at the cell level of battery energy storage systems. While battery energy storage systems based on any cell electrochemistry can benefit from this cell-wise monitoring and control, the lithium-ion electrochemistry requires cell-wise charge and thermal management. The proposed system specifically addresses the requirements of high-voltage (>24V) high power battery energy storage systems in several innovative ways. The modular approach, by providing sensors, charge management, and thermal management at each cell permits scaling of the system to any number of cells for any pack voltage. The system architecture provides voltage isolation for circuit protection and safety and it may be applied to battery energy storage systems that employ a wide range of cell electrochemistries. The implementation is lightweight and provides a means for cost effective production in high volumes to ultimately serve commercial markets. The proposed technology has application to battery energy storage systems for spacecraft, aircraft, electric vehicles, Power quality management systems, and uninteruptable power supplies as well as a host of other applications. APRI has assembled a multidisciplinary team with all of the requisite experience to engineer the proposed system.

VPT, INC. PO Box 253 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5000 Dr. Glenn R. Skutt AF 99-042
Title:	Magnetic Material Characterization and Device Design for High Performance, High Temperature Applications
Abstract:	The use of high-temperature electronic systems using new semiconductor materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) or Gallium Nitride (GaN) offers great promise for the expansion of high-efficiency high-power applications. The high temperature operation of these devices can greatly reduce the size and weight of a power system by reducing converter heatsinking requirements. In addition, the availability of high temperature electronics allows for the placement of electronic circuitry closer to the point of load for many applications, which can result in improved performance and smaller size. Such high temperature environments, however, require new tools for the design the accompanying magnetic devices and other passive components. VPT proposes to develop magnetic device characterization procedures and device design tools that accommodate a variety of electrical and thermal environments. These tools and guidelines will combine empirical material data with analytical and numerical computations. The unique aspect of this work is the comprehensive inclusion of environmental factors and device thermal management techniques in the overall design process. The proposed design approach represents an expansion of existing magnetic device design methods and will aid in the evaluation and development of new materials that can meet the needs of high temperature, high power applications.

INTERSCIENCE, INC. 105 Jordan Rd Troy, NY 12180
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 283-7500 Adolfo Gutierrez AF 99-043
Title:	Electro-optic Probe Station for Single Event Effects Testing
Abstract:	We describe the development of an affordable, tabletop Single Event Effect (SEE) Laser Probe Station that combines diode laser excitation of active areas of integrated circuits with conventional electrical probing. Laser-based SEE testing has been demonstrated as a meaningful alternative to supplement costly ion accelerator-based testing but has remained mainly as a laboratory technique not suitable for general use. Development of the proposed system would be of great value to microelectronic designers and test engineers, particularly during the development phase of radiation hardened devices. The proposed system is based on modification of an existing electro-optic probe station being commercialized by the proposing firm for non-contact wafer testing of micro-machined devices. The system architecture allows precise and reproducible positioning of the laser probe across a wafer with automated alignment and probe card positioning. During testing, the pulsed laser diode is positioned automatically to induce SEEs in sensitive areas of the device under test, and the response is monitored using standard IC testers. The Phase I effort will produce a functional prototype SEE Test system and tests performed to produce benchmark data of devices for which there is published SEE data obtained from accelerators for calibration of the testing results. The Phase I experience will result in the implementation in Phase II of a production model.

ON-LINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 87 Church St East Hartford, CT 06108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 291-0719 Victor Yakovlev AF 99-044
Title:	Method & Instrumentation for Thick-Film SOI Non-Destructive Characterization
Abstract:	Thick-film Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafers are now being used to manufacture a variety of electronic products. Reliable manufacturing of advanced SOI-based products requires accurate characterization tools. Presently, the semiconductor industry lacks the necessary instrumentation to non-destructively characterize and qualify SOI wafers with silicon layers thicker than several microns. To meet the demand, a joint venture of On-Line Technologies Inc. and ADE Corporation will develop a combined thick-film SOI characterization tool employing FTIR reflectometry and multi-laser light scatterometry. The system will be able to 1) measure thicknesses of the top silicon and the buried oxide (BOX) layers, resistively and macro-defect concentration in the silicon layer, density of the BOX layer, 2) evaluate the integrity of the interface bond between the silicon film and the BOX layer, and 3) detect defects generated by the wafer treatment. Three innovations will be combined in this project to render infrared practical for SOI characterization: 1) A breakthrough optical system from On-Line Technologies, eliminating spectral artifacts arising from the wafer backside reflections, and providing significantly higher accuracy than conventional FTIR. 2) Multi-layer model-based analysis software providing a flexible way to deduce unknown parameters of interest from the reflectance spectra. 3) Multi-spectral (visible and near-IR) laser scatterometry capable of probing both surface and buried interface quality. Phase I will demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to non-destructively characterize the key properties of thick-film SOI. A system design for Phase II will be proposed.

MISSION RESEARCH CORP. 1720 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 768-7632 Dr. David G. Mavis AF 99-045
Title:	Programmable Data Path Architecture
Abstract:	A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture is proposed that is specifically designed for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. It is called the PDPA (Programmable Data Path Array) architecture and is characterized by the following features: specific support for data path functions, programming of logic elements in groups of 8, programming of routing switches in groups of 8, significant reduction of routing to logic ratio, architectural provisions for vector processing and pipelining, and provisions for context switching (logic and routing) through register files. The PDPA allows logic and routing resources to be programmed in groups having a size equal to the bus width, reducing the number of programming bits needed to implement user functions. This specialization also reduces the routing to logic ratio permitting more computational logic resources. Vector processing and switching of both logic and routing are naturally incorporated by storing the programmation in register files. Because of the tight data coupling between computing elements, we fully expect the PDPA to perform data path signal processing functions at clock speeds of 50 MHz.

NONVOLATILE ELECTRONICS, INC. 11409 Valley View Rd Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 829-9217 Robert A. Sinclair AF 99-045
Title:	Digital Signal Processing Circuit with Embedded Reprogrammable Nonvolatile Memory
Abstract:	An embedded reprogrammable nonvolatile memory will be developed and integrated with a high performance digital signal processor (DSP) to allow reprogramming in the field which is currently not possible. New opportunities will become available with this development to reprogram DSPs in satellites and other remote locations as new software and innovations evolve. Radiation hardness is important in these applications which is an inherent attribute of Magnetoresistance Random Access Memory (MRAM) along with a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) process which is available to NVE both through IMP and Honeywell. Existing nonvolatile memory technologies will be evaluated to determine the suitability to the needs of this program including a 32K x 8 MRAM chip currently being developed for Eglin AFB for integration into high shock data recorders. MRAM is well suited to these applications since it is high speed, has no wear out mechanisms, is nonvolatile, and is fully CMOS and SOI process compatible. A preliminary design for reprogrammable nonvolatile memory embedded DSP circuits along with a prototype fabrication process for production will be developed. The basic DSP and nonvolatile memory technology selected will be merged and demonstrated during this Phase I program.

GREEN MOUNTAIN RADIO RESEARCH CO. 50 Vermont AveFort Ethan Allen Colchester, VT 05446
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 655-9670 Dr. Frederick H. Raab AF 99-046
Title:	Wideband High-Efficiency Power-Amplifier Modules
Abstract:	Modern satellite-communication transmitters use a single antenna array to form multiple beams. Each power-amplifier (PA) module must amplify multiple carriers simultaneously. The resultant high peak-to-average ratio causes conventional PAs to be very inefficient (5-10 percent). Kahn-technique (EER) transmitters combine nonlinear RF amplifiers with a high-level modulator to implement a high-efficiency linear transmitter. Such transmitters have recently been demonstrated from HF (250 W) through L band. Their average efficiency for multiracial signals is typically several times that of a conventional linear amplifier (e.g., 50-60 percent). Unfortunately, existing modulator designs limit the bandwidth to 50 to 100 kHz. This program will investigate techniques for wideband high-efficiency amplification. The preferred technique uses a high-level modulator that combines a class-S modulator with a class-B amplifier. The class-S modulator amplifies the low-frequency components of the envelope (which constitute most of the power). The class-B amplifier adds the high-frequency components. The result is a transmitter which is nearly as efficient as a Kahn-technique transmitter, but can operate with bandwidths suitable for satcom and other multicarrier applications. The Phase-I program will identify the preferred approach and determine its parameters.

ORMET CORP. 2236 Rutherford Rd, #109 Carlsbad, CA 92008
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 931-7065 Dr. Lutz Brandt AF 99-047
Title:	Integration of Passive Components into Organic MCM Packages
Abstract:	Integrating passive components into substrates is seen by both military and commercial organizations as a key enabling technology for next generation electronics. NEMI (National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative) projects that by 2001, 20% of the total resistors and capacitors needed will be integrated passives. The proposed program will therefore focus on developing widely applicable processes for incorporating passives into organic MCM-type packages. Integrated multilayer substrates will be built in a fully additive process using photodefineable polymeric dielectrics. The photopatterned dielectric will serve to narrowly define the dimensions of the integrated passive components. The approach is versatile in that it can employ a variety of passive and dielectric materials and is compatible with microvia technology. Only equipment that is already well-established in board and assembly houses will be used in order to obviate technology diffusion barriers. Apart from reduction of size, weight, power and cost factors, the development will eventually enable higher speed products, by providing termination and decoupling physically closer to drivers of high-speed signals. The current limit of signal speed using discrete resistors and capacitors is .5 GHz. Phase I will demonstrate feasibility by designing and building an MCM-prototype through cooperation with the Air Force to meet current needs.

GRATINGS, INC. 7104 Jefferson, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 345-9564 Saleem H. Zaidi AF 99-048
Title:	Si MOSFETs Using Nanoscale Gate Arrays
Abstract:	This phase I proposal addresses fabrication and characterization of nanoscale Si MOSFETs on Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. A novel approach based on multiple channel gate arrays is proposed to improve radiation-tolerance against SEU events, and achieve low-threshold voltage operation. At nanoscale (<100 nm) dimensions, multiple gate channels will provide increased current flow as well as redundancy against radiation damage. The proposed gate channels will have sub-micrometer periodicity, and will be in the form of wires, or walls embedded in thermally grown oxide. The transistors can be operated either in partially, or fully-depleted mode by either a suitable choice of channel diameter, or gate metallization process. Gate all round transistors are formed by a directional, sidewall metallization process uniquely applicable to this multiple-channel approach. The gate arrays will be fabricated by using interferometric lithography and reactive ion etching. Channel dimensions will be controlled by conventional Si thermal oxidation. Device contacts will be formed using conventional optical lithography. Transistor response will be evaluated for single and multipl channel gate arrays. A cobalt 60 source at AFRL/Kirtland Air Force Base will be used for radiation treatments.

PICODYNE CORP. 801 University SE, Ste 206 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 272-7040 Geoff Giffin AF 99-048
Title:	Single Event Immune Ultra Low Power CMOS
Abstract:	Minimization of power consumption in electronics is a key requirement as spacecraft shrink in size. Semiconductor industry trends are leading power levels, lower, but not quickly enough to meet the needs of advanced missions or the new generation of broad-band communications satellites. Commercial electronics, while trending to lower power levels, do not include mechanisms to mitigate against the effects of space radiation. This is an increasingly severe problem in space as SEU effects are enhanced by smaller geometries. The goal of this SBIR is to demonstrate radiation tolerant, ultra low power VLSI combining breakthrough techniques in ultra low power with SEU mitigation techniques using commercial processes. This activity leverages on an ultra low power technology demonstration program (CULPRiT) that is being undertaken under sponsorship of DoD. CULPRiT will produce CMOS technology that operates at supply voltages near 0.25 volts. A 400 fold reduction in power levels is realized in comparing 5 and 0.25 volt processes in digital electronics. Specifically, this SBIR proposes to demonstrate a RT version of a ULP circuit combining ULP and RT technologies for space use.

MISSION RESEARCH CORP. 1720 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 768-7709 Jeffrey D. Black AF 99-049
Title:	Hardened VHSIC Hardware Description Language Digital Signal Processing Module Generator
Abstract:	Digital Signal Processing ASICs can currently be created using Commercial Development Environments. However, none of them can produce Rad Hard ASICs. This project will expand an existing Commercial Development Environment so that it can develop digital signal processing ASICs at Lockheed Martin Federal Systems. This tool allows a user to develop the ASIC in block diagram format, verify its functionality, predict its radiation response, and produce the files necessary for production of the ASIC at the rad hard foundry. In this phase I effort, MRC will demonstrate the application of the Commercial Development Environment, develop the approach for the rad hard cells, and develop the methodology for functional and radiation response simulations.

OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC. 470 San Antonio Rd, Ste 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 858-8585 Dr. Victor H. L. Cheng AF 99-052
Title:	Genetic Search Methods for Antenna Placement in a Satellite Support Network
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the problem of placement or rearrangement of antennas and ground stations in a satellite support network that will provide good network performance at low cost. The problem is motivated by the economic concerns associated with consolidation of satellite support network resources. The solution to this problem is extremely complex and requires juggling many different constraints and performance requirements. Herein is proposed the development of a set of genetic search algorithms for automatic near-optimal solution of this problem. Genetic search methods are a type of directed trial-and-error, and therefore, as they are not gradient-based, are ideal for optimization problems with complex or non-smooth constraints or performance measures. Development of these algorithms must be preceded by an in-depth analysis of the problem, during which factors and constraints relevant to antenna placement can be identified. Performance criteria for evaluation of the antenna/ground station configurations produced by the algorithms will also be defined. The algorithms developed will then be implemented and tested on a representative set of placement scenarios.

CUSTOM MANUFACTURING & ENGINEERING 7887 Bryan Dairy Rd, Ste 110 Largo, FL 33777
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(727) 547-9799 Mark A. Strain, MSEE AF 99-053
Title:	Lightweight, Automated Passive Propagation Sensor/Analyzer (APPSA)
Abstract:	CME's Phase I Objective is to develop a multi-frequency microwave radiometer instrument to measure link-outage causing water vapor, liquid, and cloud propagation factors at frequencies of interest for military/commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) systems, thereby provide ground station operators with tools to automatically mitigate the effects of link outages. The instrument will operate at frequencies optimally selected for algorithm accuracy and correlation to the 20, 30, and 44 GHz bands. The design goal: Develop a ruffed, automatic, passive, continuously operating, Radiometer that is small, self-contained, remote-controllable, and man-portable with a design easily transferable to future SATCOM applications. The instrument will provide real-time meteorological analysis and fade slope data to intelligently minimize link outages due to weather effects. We will use available Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC), Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, low-noise InP HEMT chips, and a miniaturized calibration technique. In support of CME's efforts, Raytheon's C3 Segment will support them with SATCOM expertise as required. CME has invited DR. Rudolf Henning on our team in his role as a continuing ACTS Researcher and propagation expert. With these agreements, we can now access and leverage ACTS, NOAA, GBS, MILSTAR, and Teledesic, resources. Florida provides the ideal location for this effort. In Phase I, we will develop a preliminary design of a radiometer, fabricate a bench-top demonstrator, leading to a prototype design/test plan. Off-the-shelf MMICs will be used along with COTS hardware to minimize cost and enhance subsequent manufacturability. Finally, we will demonstrate key elements of the design to address USAF requirements.

OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC. 470 San Antonio Rd, Ste 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 858-8585 Dr. Victor H. L. Cheng AF 99-054
Title:	Common Environment for Guidance and Control Studies (CEGACS)
Abstract:	The traditional approach for guidance and control studies in aerospace applications typically involve the synthesis of a vehicle model, which would be used as a design model for the guidance and control design and/or as the truth model for evaluating the guidance and control laws. Although efforts are generally made to reuse previously proven models, the efforts normally would involve custom modifications, and often the modifications would reduce the performance of the computer code and consequently its usability. It is therefore desirable to have a computer program that can support development of new vehicle models with a flexible database of often-used subsystems. Proposed herein is a Common Environment for Guidance and Control Studies (CEGACS). The envisioned product is a computer program that will include subsystem functions for synthesizing most aerospace vehicles of interest to the Air Force, including launch vehicles, orbiting satellites, reentry vehicles, and aircraft. The overall concepts include the ability to evaluate the system within the environment, and the ability to extract the system model for use on other platforms or by other computer programs. The CEGACS product is also envisioned to support evaluation and control over a computer network.

JTA RESEARCH, INC. 3030 Old Ranch ParkwaySuite 210 Seal Beach, CA 90740
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(562) 795-9153 Maria Tirabassi AF 99-055
Title:	Advanced Embedded Test Processor
Abstract:	Today's complex DoD and commercial satellite systems require a sophisticated test and fault monitoring approach for enhanced telemetry. Hence, an embedded test processor capable of monitoring faults in real-time and relaying the information to the satellite's control processor is needed. In addition, a smart processor capable of performing built-in test upon command would provide critical information necessary to isolate faulty units or circuitry within the spacecraft. This same technology is required in high-end consumer commercial hardware during manufacturing and in-field test. The convergence to systems-on-chip accelerates the need for a "smart" embedded processor capable of providing test access to complex blocks of logic now embedded within a single ASIC. The Advanced Embedded Test Processor satisfies the DoD, commercial satellite, and consumer market need for a programmable, real-time fault monitoring and built-in-test controller targeted for implementation in VHDL.

AZ TECHNOLOGY, INC. 4901 Corporate Dr, Suite 101 Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 837-9877 David G. Crandall AF 99-059
Title:	Laboratory Portable Radiometric Calibration Source
Abstract:	Sensor technology is developing to meet the demands of remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral imaging. Remote sensing as applied to object surveillance, detection discrimination, identification or other signature imaging requires spectroradiometric calibration of the sensors. AZ Technology proposes to develop a transportable standard calibration source for the spectral range 0.5 to 1.5 microns with sufficient spectral resolution to support at least 100 bands. In Phase I a survey of radiometric test chambers will be conducted and the feasibility of construction a system around an innovative diffuser design will be evaluated. This will prepare for the constructing of the prototype in Phase II. The source design will support calibration of State-of-the-art sensors capable of detecting spectral radiance 10^-10 Watts/cm^2-sr-micron.

SONALYSTS, INC. 215 Pkwy N, PO Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 442-4355 Kim Castro AF 99-060
Title:	Emerging Technologies in Training Development
Abstract:	The Phase I effort will develop an innovative Satellite Operations Training System (SOTS) prototype that leverages advanced interactive multimedia instruction (IMI), intelligent tutoring system (ITS), and modeling and simulation (including advanced visualization and gaming) technologies to address satellite operator training requirements of AFSPC and USSPACECOM. The domain focus for Phase I is satellite operations tasks such as anomaly resolution, orbital maneuver, and spacecraft maneuver. Phase I will develop a generalized architecture for integrating modeling and simulation components and embedded intelligent agents with emerging COTS distributed learning, intelligent multimedia authoring, and instructional delivery components. The prototype system will demonstrate key features defined per mutual agreement. The project will (for a limited set of training objectives): 1) demonstrate an instructional design process that flows from mission essential task lists (METLs) and satellite operations core skills' requirements to specific training objectives at the satellite control level; 2) demonstrate intelligent tutoring technology that can deliver adaptive IMI based on student mastery of training objectives, instructional history, and other media attributes; and 3) demonstrate how modeling and simulation technologies can enhance understanding of non-intuitive satellite control tasks.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CO. . Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Lev Tuchinskiy AF 99-061
Title:	Innovative Technology for High Performance Low Temperature Regenerators for Advanced Cryocoolers
Abstract:	A new approach for fabricating high performance low temperature regenerators for use in advanced cryocoolers near and below 10K is proposed. Solid regenerator cartridges with microchannel structure (MCS) made of magnetic lanthanide-rich materials (e.g. Er(sub 3)Ni) are suggested instead of traditional regenerator beds packed with spheres. A regenerator cartridge with a microchannel structure offers the best design for cryocoolers because it has the highest ratio of heat transfer area to pressure drop. Its effectiveness is 20 to 25% higher than that of regenerator beds packed with spheres. Lack of technology for fabricating regenerators with microchannel structures from brittle magnetic intermetallics have prevented their use in the past. This project deals with a novel patented fabrication technique for making multichannel regenerators from brittle intermetallic compound Er(Sub 3)Ni, which exhibits sharp rise in heat capacity at temperatures slightly below 10K. The fabrication technique includes the co-extrusion of fine Er(sub 3)Ni powders together with a polymer binder and filler. It offers a possibility to fabricate cryocooler regenerator cartridges from brittle magnetic intermetallics with a controlled surface area and a low fluid flow resistance. The mechanical stability of MCS regenerators is expected to be much better than that of the beds packed with spherical particles. It is anticipated that the cost of manufacture using the MCS technology will be significantly lower because of much higher yields.

METROLASER, INC. 18010 Skypark CircleSuite 100 Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr Peter A DeBarber AF 99-061
Title:	Diode Laser Pumped Molecular Refrigeration
Abstract:	We propose the development of a novel diode laser pumped cooling device. The device can be readily adapted to the high powered cooling requirements of gimbaled optics assemblies, detectors, and electronics. The cooling medium for our device is molecular-based and has inherent advantages over existing mechanical cryogenic coolers. The optical cooling effect is based on anti-Stokes fluorescence laser cooling in the near infrared spectral region. Our innovative features include no moving parts, operation at convenient laser wavelengths, inherent energy efficiency, solid state design, small size and weight, immunity from electromagnetic interferences, long operational lifetime, and inexpensive to manufacture. The Phase I program will theoretically and experimentally determine the feasibility of the concept.

REDSTONE ENGINEERING CONSULTING, INC. 4860 Meredith Way Apt 103 Boulder, CO 80303
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 440-9052 James M. Lester AF 99-061
Title:	Variable Temperature Thermal Storage Unit for Space Cryocoolers
Abstract:	Cryocoolers will be required to handle larger sensor heat loads in the future. These larger loads will also vary over time as the result of sensor duty cycles. These varying loads have brought about the concept of the Thermal Storage Unit (TSU). The TSU is added to the cooling system to average the heat load on the cryocooler. By averaging the load, the size of the cryocooler and the cooler input power are minimized while the sensor temperature is held constant. To date, development work has concentrated on fixed temperature TSUs. Fixed temperature TSUs work by absorbing heat by the mechanism of phase change in a solid cryogen located at the cooled sensor. Variable temperature TSUs have been studied very little. Variable temperature TSUs solve the variable heat load problem without the need for phase-change cryogens. They are particularly useful for very low temperature applications (below 12K) where there are no phase-change cryogens useful for TSUs. This proposed effort will examine variable temperature TSUs through analysis and test with concentration on the temperature range below 12K.

APPLIED ASTRONAUTICS CORP. 3077 Leeman Ferry Rd, Ste F Huntsville, AL 35801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 883-7614 Dr. Eugene Worley AF 99-062
Title:	Low-cost Reusable Conventional Launch Vehicle Using LOX/LNG Propellants
Abstract:	Virtually every user of launch services is seeking methods to reduce launch costs. A reusable conventional launch vehicle configuration shows the potential to achieve this goal. The LOX/LNG propellant combination shows the potential to enhance both propulsion system reusability and launch system mass-to-orbit capability. This propellant combination also has the performance margins necessary to offset the increased mass required to achieve practical vehicle reusability. Integrating LOX/LNG propulsion into a reusable conventional vehicle system can positively address both of the competing goals of increasing launch system performance and lowering costs. One of the most likely sources of increased system performance comes from upper stage performance. An upper-stage thrust chamber performance of 360s Isp will be targeted in this investigation. Recovery system operations and vehicle and propulsion system reuse criteria will be investigated to establish overall vehicle feasibility and cost structure. A specific vehicle concept will be defined that will have the potential to offer useful mass-to-orbit capability and low costs. The "L-curve" cost structure of reusable launch vehicles will be investigated and defined including a comparison to expendable vehicle configurations.

ATTOTEK, INC. 21010 Southbank St, Ste 800 Sterling, VA 20165
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 444-0430 David L. Martin AF 99-062
Title:	Optimal Utilization of Cooperative, Cross-Program Reconnaissance Systems
Abstract:	The objective of this Phase I proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of automating and optimizing the placement and routing of surveillance and reconnaissance systems. These systems consist of dissimilar cross-program space, air, sea and land-based platforms performing cooperative, simultaneous collects against many targets over a theater-wide region. Quality metrics such as geolocation accuracy will be used in place of previous metrics such as line-of-sight access and revisit times. This research proposes using genetic algorithms to optimally (1) choose fixed assets (2) route and place variable assets and (3) choose the best geolocation technique. Heuristics will be developed to initialize the solution population and guide the genetic algorithm evolution. These heuristics will encapsulate problem specific information to ensure operational viability.

DYNAMIC STRUCTURES & MATERIALS, LLC 309 Williamson Sq Nashville, TN 37064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(615) 595-6665 Jeffrey S. N. Paine AF 99-062
Title:	Dissipative Acoustic Arrays for Interior Noise Control in Payload Fairings
Abstract:	Dynamic Structures and Materials proposes to develop dissipative acoustic arrays for the control of interior noise in launch vehicle payload fairings. The innovation in this work is the use of discrete noise control sources that utilize feedback control to dissipate acoustic energy. Acoustic energy dissipation is a robust method of reducing sound pressure levels in the interior of the payload fairings. The goal of the research is to provide payloads with a quieter ride to orbit through new methods of active acoustic suppression in launch vehicles. The motivation for this work is the control of low-frequency in small to medium-sized launch vehicle payload fairings. Low-frequency noise is a problem in launch vehicle fairings due to the lack of significant energy dissipation below 200 to 300 Hz. The conventional method for reducing fairing sound pressure levels is to line the interior with sound absorbing acoustic blankets. Although very effective at higher frequencies, acoustic blankets provide less sound absorption at frequencies in which the acoustic wavelength is large compared to the thickness of the material. The effectiveness of the passive acoustic treatment is limited at low frequencies by the thickness of the blanket material.

ELECTRIC PROPULSION LABORATORY, INC. 1040 Synthes Ave Monument, CO 80132
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 481-4411 Dr. Graeme Aston AF 99-062
Title:	Charging Hazard Event Controller (CHEC) System
Abstract:	A stand alone plasma based Charging Hazard Event Controller (CHEC) system is proposed to enhance the survivability and usefulness of Air Force Spacecraft in the future battlespace environment. The CHEC system is defined as a multi-function device capable of controlling several forms of environmental and man made charging hazards which, if not neutralized, could disrupt and/or incapacitate the spacecraft. A proof-of-concept plasma source is proposed for assembly and performance testing during Phase I to validate the operational modes most suited to the charge control requirements of the Air Force. Based upon the results of these tests, a CHEC system will be designed for Phase II development and optimatization.

JAYCOR, INC. 9775 Towne Ctr Dr San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 837-9100 Charles H. Hill AF 99-062
Title:	Spacecraft Protection Design Guidelines (SPDG)
Abstract:	The project objectives are: 1. Develop a paper Design Guideline outline which will form the basis of an electronic guideline for hardening spacecraft against laser and ratio frequency (RF) effects. 2. Select a database of laser and RF effects and hardening data. 3. Develop and demonstrate a prototype SPDG framework using HTML technology. 4. Develop selective interactive tools and embed them in SPDG to provide the capability of estimating laser and RF effects and the utility of hardening approaches. SPDG fulfills a significant shortfall in the capability of space vehicle designers and developers to address emerging directed energy threats. SPDG will: identify which spacecraft components are susceptible to which effects at a given DE environment level, identify and prioritize hardening approaches, and provide immediate feedback on the effect of hardening changes to design. The SPDG approach will take advantage of Microsoft's Internet development technologies to create a Windows-based, user-friendly electronic guideline, with links to embedded calculational tools. Using the Common Object Model (COM) architecture, modules can be rapidly built up, and the resulting tool can be used as a stand-alone program, or can be linked to other Air Force models, such as those that calculate DE generation or propagation. SPDG evaluates the environment interaction with the spacecraft, identifies potential effects, identifies appropriate hardening options, and calculates the effect of hardening options implemented. It provides an expert system approach with an intuitive interface.

NEA ELECTRONICS, INC. 9600 De Soto Ave Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 998-5788 Edwin Vega AF 99-062
Title:	Additional Development Testing for Model 9111 and Model VRBM 2500 Hold Down and Release Mechanisms
Abstract:	NEA Electronics, Inc. (NEA) is a manufacturer of electro-mechanical products, specializing in the development of innovative hold down and release mechanisms for the aerospace industry. NEA has designed and manufactured two prototype release mechanisms with unique capabilities. The Model 9111 rod release mechanism is simple, highly reliable, light weight and cost effective. It is capable of restraining up to 2500 lbs. of tension and releasing the load instantaneously upon electrical command. The source shock output is extremely low (less than 500 g,s) at the 2500 lb. preload. The model 9111 weighs 80 grams. The Model VBRM 2500 is an electrically and mechanically redundant release mechanism. This mechanism is designed to restrain a V-Band or marmon clamp up to a rated tensile load of 2000 pounds. Upon electrical command, the V-Band separates, nearly instantaneously, to allow the two restrained structures to separate. Prototypes of each mechanism have been built and preliminary testing has shown that these devices meet technical requirements. NEA is proposing to conduct additional development testing over a range of environment parameters simulating launch and space. Numerous customers and programs have shown interest in these products. The test results are intended to validate the products design, leading to qualification testing.

PAYLOAD SYSTEMS 247 Third St Cambridge, MA 02141
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 868-8086 Dr. Javier de Luis AF 99-062
Title:	Experiment Support Facility for Structures and Control
Abstract:	The Experiment Support Facility will provide a common set of laboratory services, including signal conditioning, data storage, real time digital signal processing, and communications to Air Force Station Payloads. The ESF could be connected to a wide array of test articles representing a multitude of disciplines, including structures, robotics, fluids, and human factor experiments. In addition, when connected to an experiment the ESF would monitor the data as it is obtained, communicate with the ground and even alter the experiment parameters, basing its "decisions" on a series if parameters entered into it by the principal investigators. In a sense, the ESF will allow the PI to place some of his or her knowledge on orbit, leading to a much more efficient use of crew time and other station resources. Crew time, both on-orbit and training time on the ground, is quickly developing as the scarcest resource in crew flight activities. This has become true on the Space Shuttle, especially with regards to secondary payloads, and will be true on the Space Station. The ESF is based on the successful MACE Experiment Support Module, which is being reflown on the Shuttle by the AFRL in 1999.

STAR TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INC. 3213 Carmel Bay Dr, Ste 200 Mount Pleasant, SC 29466
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(843) 856-8875 Jerome Pearson AF 99-062
Title:	Mechanisms for Tether-Powered Space Vehicles
Abstract:	The Air Force needs an autonomous service vehicle to inspect, repair, upgrade, or refuel future satellites configured for on-orbit servicing. Such a vehicle must be very low mass, with a high power output for electric propulsion. Conventional ion rockets or arcjets may not have the delta-V/mass ratio required for the mission. Star Technology and Research, Inc. proposes a concept of a maneuvering satellite that requires no expenditure of fuel for fulfilling Air Force orbital service missions. The mechanism to accomplish this is an advanced electrodynamic tether powered by lightweight solar panels to allow repeated orbital maneuvers without using propellant. Controlling the current flow in the tether allows complete control of the orbit. The vehicle could transport satellites from one orbit to another, and could service vehicles beyond low Earth orbit. In this Phase I investigation, the satellite concept is developed, its operational envelope is examined, and potential Air Force applications are evaluated. A proof-of-concept experiment is proposed for a low-cost space demonstration.

STARSYS RESEARCH, INC. 4909 Nautilus Ct N Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-1925 Kurt Lankford AF 99-062
Title:	Next Generation Non-Pyrotechnic Release Devices
Abstract:	Pyro-pulse compatible, non-explosive release devices will be developed for separation of satellites from launch vehicles for next generation of small spacecraft missions. Two design prototypes will be developed which utilize redundant shape memory actuators to provide both pyro-pulse compatibility, and multiple operation capability without refurbishment. Both designs will provide: Low-shock, non-explosive separation Pyro-pulse actuation: 3.5-5 amps, 5-28 volts Pre-load capability to 3000 lbf. Multiple release without refurbishment or replacement Simultaneous release capability: < 50 milisecond release time The first prototype, the Linear Separation Nut (LSN), will be a next generation of the Lockheed Martin Low-Force Nut, modified to be pyro-pulse responsive. It will provide active shock mitigation and electrically powered remote reset. The second prototype (developed in parallel), the Rotary Separation Nut (RSN), is based on a Starsys Research proof-of-principal device. This device will be a low-mass, small profile design. Prototypes of both devices will be designed, manufactured, and tested in Phase I. In Phase II, a full micro-satellite dispensing system, capable of releasing multiple satellites, will be designed and developed around the optimum release device from Phase I. This adaptable modular system will dispense individual micro-satellites from a variety of launch vehicle platforms.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Ctr. Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Prakash B. Joshi AF 99-063
Title:	Consumable Spacecraft Materials and Structures for Orbital Propulsion
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, and Lockheed Martin Missile and Space propose to develop spacecraft structural materials which can withstand mechanical loads during launch and can be consumed as propellants for on-orbit propulsion. Spacecraft structural elements incorporated specifically to protect the payload from launch and separation loads represent parasitic mass after orbit insertion. Consumption of this structural mass to generate useful propulsive thrust will reduce the onboard propellant mass necessary for orbit maintenance and end-of-life operations, increase revenue-producing payload mass, and/or increase the orbital lifetime of telecommunications and other satellites. Traditional materials such as aluminum or graphite composites do not qualify as dual-function structural-propellant materials. We propose novel structural thermoplastic composites as promising candidates. Available commercially at low cost, these low density materials have good structural properties similar to those of aluminum. They also have desirable physicochemical characteristics as a monopropellant or bipropellant constituent. We will 1) analyze structural and chemical performance of the materials, 2) design a composite propulsive structural component for strength/stiffness, efficient volumetric heat addition, and routing of reaction products, and (iii) fabricate and test the component. At the conclusion of Phase I, we will deliver a small scale demonstration propulsive component to the Air Force.

LOS GATOS RESEARCH 67 E Evelyn Ave, Ste 3 Mountain View, CA 94041
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 965-7772 Dr. James J. Scherer AF 99-064
Title:	High Force Actuator for Micro-Spacecraft Systems
Abstract:	This Small Innovative Research Phase I proposal seeks to employ a new phenomena, high pressure electrokinetic (HPEK) pumping, for the development of embedded electronically activated actuator assemblies. The Phase I research will demonstrate the ability to obtain controlled, high specific force actuation by combining HPEK pumps with micro/meso machined slave devices such as bellows. The Phase I effort will analyze various embedded architecture formats for HPEK pump/actuator assemblies, and identify applications of interest to the Air Force. For the Phase I Research effort, the key actuator components employed in such devices will be constructed and systematically tested in order to assess feasibility for operation as embedded devices.

TPL, INC. 3921 Academy Pkwy N, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-4427 Dr. Charles D. E. Lakeman AF 99-064
Title:	Fabrication of Digital Microthruster Components from Refractory Ceramics using Soft Lithography
Abstract:	The need for technologies to reduce the cost and time of getting civil and commercial space missions from the drawing board to orbit is driving research efforts towards lighter, cheaper and smaller satellites. As a result of this demand, technologies such as microfabrication technology, which originally emerged as the electronics industry demanded smaller features in integrated circuits, are finding new applications including in space systems. Current microfabrication technologies, however, are limited to use with silicon. This poses problems when considering high temperature applications such as rocket components, as silicon melts at only ~1410 degrees C. TPL Incorporated (TPL) proposes to develop a novel means of fabricating miniaturized digital propulsion components from refractory ceramics such as silicon carbide. The proposed innovation will employ a novel, low-cost process known as "Channel Stamping," using preceramic polymers to form the complex shapes. Successful completion of the Phase I effort will demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to fabricate micromachined MEMS devices from refractory, non-oxide ceramics, and will thereby allow micropropulsion components to be operated at higher temperatures, and enable more efficient operation. The proposed effort will exploit TPL's extensive experience in both high temperature materials and ceramic processing using preceramic polymer routes.

K TECHNOLOGY CORP. 500 Office Ctr Dr Ste 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 426-0320 Mark J. Montesano AF 99-065
Title:	Thermal Management for Advanced 3D Packaging of Payload Electronics
Abstract:	k Technology Corporation (kTC) proposes to develop a unique 3D packaging configuration with high conductivity (> 900 W/mK), low coefficient of thermal expansion to match silicone or gallium arsenide, and low density (< 2.8 g/cm(sup 3)). This material can provide efficient conductive heat removal of the 3D segments for space, airborne and ground applications. The high conductivity and low CTE of the proposed material is ideal for many advanced packaging configurations such as multichip modules, high power processor integrated circuits and power converters. As in the rest of the electronics world, the range of applications and functions of spaceborne electronics is rapidly expanding. New applications like cellular phone systems, satellite TV links, and Global Positioning Units, as well as new technologies like multichip modules have increased the technical requirements of the electronics on satellites. Mission sophistication has increased dramatically for both commercial and government satellites, alike. Power requirements of a typical satellite launched even a few years ago were less than 8 kilowatts. Current systems will be deployed with up to 15 kilowatts. The proposed 3D packaging configuration uses a material system comprised of thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) encapsulated within the metal matrix composite AlSiC. Immediate payoffs include improved thermal performance, and significant weight reductions. These payoffs will allow for increased reliability and support the trend toward smaller less expensive satellites.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow PlPines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 631-3550 Lawrence R. Grzyll AF 99-065
Title:	High-Efficiency, Low-Power, Two-Phase Pumped Loop
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I research is to design, fabricate, and test a high-efficiency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop. This high-efficiency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop will use a unique two-phase working fluid pair that offers the capability of higher efficiency and lower pumping power because of its heat of solution characteristic. This heat of solution characteristic, combined with the latent heat of vaporization, significantly increases the cooling capacity of the working fluid, resulting in significantly lower flow rates required for a given cooling load, decreasing the pumping power required. The Phase I effort will analyze various working fluid pairs, select the optimum fluid pair, design and fabricate a two-phase pumped loop test stand, and compare the performance of the two-phase pumped loop operating with the working fluid pair to the performance of the same loop operating with two-phase single-component fluid alone.

ATTOTEK, INC. 21010 Southbank St., Ste 800 Sterling, VA 20165
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 444-0430 David L. Martin AF 99-066
Title:	Autonomous Tasking of ISR Systems Using Intelligent Agents
Abstract:	The objective of this Phase I proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of automating the tasking and reporting of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets in real-time. These ISR assets consist of multiple sensors onboard space, air, sea and land-based platforms performing cooperative, multi-INT, cross-program ISR activities. To achieve this objective and overcome the inherent information and time latencies of centralized, ground-based processing and control architectures, these autonomous agents will be installed onboard individual ISR platforms and be given the capability to (1) detect and recognize events, (2) monitor the state of the ISR environment, (3) make intelligent, autonomous decisions and (4) re-task their ISR assets. To provide autonomous tasking capability, the algorithms will provide a multi-tiered, cross-program decision process and demonstrate robustness, fault-tolerance and a comprehensive status monitoring capability.

PRINCETON SATELLITE SYSTEMS, INC. 33 Witherspoon St. Princeton, NJ 08542
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 279-9606 Derek M. Surka AF 99-066
Title:	AgentOrg System for Multiple Satellite Constellations
Abstract:	There is an increasing desire in many organizations, including the Department of Defense, NASA, and commercial satellite operators, to use constellations or fleets of autonomous spacecraft working together to accomplish complex mission objectives. Multiple satellite systems are envisioned because they are capable of higher performance, lower cost, better fault tolerance, reconfigurability and upgradability. This proposal describes the AgentOrg(sup TM) system that will enable agent-based multi-satellite systems to fulfill complex mission objectives by autonomously making high-and low-level decisions based on the information available to any and/or all agents in the satellite system. This is achieved through the use of hierarchical communication and decision-making paths among the agents that can be autonomously reconfigured as new agents are added and old agents are modified or removed. A graphical user interface (GUI) enables the satellite end users to initially configure the AgentOrg system and monitor the effectiveness of the decisions made by the agents.

CENTER FOR REMOTE SENSING, INC. 11350 Random Hills RdSte 710 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 385-7717 Suman Ganguly AF 99-067
Title:	Robust Dual Frequency GPS REceiver for Scintillation Measurement and Mitigation
Abstract:	This proposal describes a plan to design and develop a robust dual frequency GPS receiver for measuring amplitude and phase scintillation under high dynamic conditions. The GPS receiver will also produce navigation solutions at a very high rate and the effects of scintillation on navigation solution may be studied using the proposed system. While the immediate application is in monitoring the equatorial and polar scintillation, the proposed technique, which ensures robust performance in the presence of severe amplitude and phase scintillations, will find numerous applications in providing reliable performance of GPS receivers. The technique can be scaled down to single frequency receivers as well. The novel multiresolution based technique has been proposed to achieve robustness in presence of severe scintillation. During Phase I we propose to perform numerical simulation and demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. We also provide limited hardware based demonstration of the use of GPS receiver for faster data acquisition during scintillation. Further analysis of the hardware/software requirements leading to the development of a complete system is also provided during Phase I.

GEOSPACE RESEARCH, INC. 550 N Continental BlvdSte 110 El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 322-1160 Frank T. Djuth AF 99-067
Title:	Transformation of the HAARP HF Facility into an HF Radar: New Diagnostics for the Natural and Perturbed Environments
Abstract:	The proposed project entails the design and construction of an HF digital multichannel radar receiver system and associated HF receiving array for HAARP. With this addition, the HARRP HF facility will become a powerful diagnostic tool for probing the natural ionosphere and monitoring changes in the ionospheric plasma arising from HF wave-plasma interactions. In addition, the radar receiver paves the way for meteor orbit astronomy from high geographical latitudes. The new system is intended to be a permanent facility addition to HAARP. Data acquired with the HF radar system will be accessible over the internet with the aid of a Java-based user interface. File formats will conform to the NetCDF standard. The suggested system will provide new opportunities for observers to conduct experiments at HAARP. As part of the enhanced facility capability, it will be possible to perform experiments dealing with artificial periodic inhomogeneities, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, meteor-radar measurements of mesospheric neutral winds, meteor orbit studies of cometary debris, neutral wind observations via partial reflection techniques, natural D region electron density and electron-neutral collision profiles also obtained through partial reflections, observations of the HF-induced D region heating through cross modulation techniques, the use of the HAARP HF facility of an extremely high resolution ionosonde, the mapping of HF-induced filaments caused by thermal self-focusing in the F region, and finally the passive monitoring of HF background transmissions and beacons to assess the background state of the neutral ionosphere.

ORONI, INC. 49 Dracut St Dorchester, MA 02124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 822-9224 Dawari D. Dan-Harry AF 99-068
Title:	Point-of-Load Configurable Multiple Input-Adjustable Output DC-DC Converter
Abstract:	Oroni Inc. Phase I, is a proposal to develop, design, build and demonstrate a prototype of a "remote and or Point-of-load configurable multiple input, Dc-dc-converter having a single adjustable output voltage". Recent progress in Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Aluminum Gallium Arsenid (AlGaAs) semiconductor electronics technology demonstrate the ability of these material to function under extreme high temperature, power, and radiation conditions. Therefore it is the object of this proposal to build a prototype converter using semiconductor fabricated with either or both of these materials. One of any number of input voltage level present at their respective input voltage port can be selected by a remote computer via a serial interface bus or by means of manual switch or jumper that is located at the galvanically isolated secondary side of the converter. The output voltage of the converter can also be adjusted by the same means. The prototype of the proposed dc-dc converter will be tested for functionality, efficiency, and immunity to SEE such as SEGR, SEG, SEL and for total dose levels above 1Mrad. Phase I effort will meet the objectives set forth in this proposal except for the SEE immunity. However Oroni Phase II effort will accomplish the SEE immunity objective.

PACIFIC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PO Box 3591000 Edison St Santa Ynez, CA 93460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 688-2088 Michele Hinnrichs AF 99-069
Title:	Hyperspectral Imaging for Target Enhanced Contrast
Abstract:	Pacific Advanced Technology (PAT) brings their expertise in the area of spectral imaging which will allow for the evaluation of current state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging cameras and algorithms that are applicable to the detection of targets buried in deep clutter, gaseous species and effluent in the atmosphere. This evaluation will determine the specification of a hyperspectral camera system that will be developed during Phase II. PAT has several hyperspectral cameras that will be used during Phase I to collect hyperspectral data on different targets and backgrounds that will be used to evaluate the different spectral processing algorithms for their applicability to detecting targets from airborne and space based platforms. The Phase I program will concentrate on the evaluation of the technology, and the conceptual design of an instrument that will be developed during Phase II. PAT is confident in meeting the objectives of this program by drawing on previous successful development of infrared spectral imaging systems, smart readouts for infrared focal plane arrays, and real time spectral image processing with DSP technology.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technology Div.20600 Gramercy Pl, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-1416 Paul Shnitser AF 99-069
Title:	Spectrally Optimized Smart (SOS) Camera
Abstract:	Space-based imaging techniques require optical techniques in order to optimize target-to-background contrast. To meet this need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a Spectrally Optimized Smart (SOS) Camera, that will exploit and build on POC's proprietary Spectrally Adaptive Light Filtering (SALF) technology. POC's smart camera will simultaneously provide hyperspectral image acquisition and target-to-background contrast enhancement. POC's SALF technology is unique in its microsecond adjustability to light transmission at several spectral intervals, and simultaneous "on-the-fly" atmospheric hyperspectral image corrections, which are made directly in optical channel. These truly unique features eliminate the need for cumbersome computer hyperspectral images postprocessing, and therefore enable real-time, practical operations. POC's SOS Camera will operate in spectral intervals ranging from the visible to the middle wave IR, and will be able to track "on-the-fly" or stationary, or slow moving low contrast targets. The prototype SOS Camera will provide 512x512 pixels spatial resolution, at 30 frames per second. During Phase I, POC will design, fabricate, assemble, and test a prototype SOS Camera. In Phases II and III, POC will refine and optimize the SOS Camera for mass production and commercial distribution.

MAXPOWER, INC. 220 Stahl Rd Harleysville, PA 19438
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 513-4230 Dr. David Chua AF 99-070
Title:	High Cycle Life Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries with Ultra Low Temperature Capabilities
Abstract:	MaxPower's Phase I program will develop new Li-ion polymer batteries based on innovative thin-film technology, innovative low temperature electrolyte solutions, and improved cathode materials for high capacities and high cycle life. The approaches for these objectives involve use of thin-film technology for cell components (graphite anode, polymer electrolyte and metal oxide cathode) to be carried out in 4 tasks. Task 1 involves selection of a highly stable and conductive polymer electrolyte over a wide temperature range. Task 2 involves selection of a high capacity lithium-intercalating metal oxide cathode based on LiCoO(sub 2) and LiNi(sub 1-x)Co(sub x)O(sub 2) materials. Task 3 is devoted to developing thin-film technology for electrode and electrolyte fabrication. The technology developed in Tasks 1-3 will be transferred to Task 4 where prototype thin-film Li-ion cells with fabricated, tested at MaxPower, and delivered to the Air Force for independent testing. Benefits: An expanded technology base with respect to thin-film technology, enhanced energy and rate capabilities and low temperature operability using new battery materials based on highly conductive polymer electrolytes will help push Li-ion rechargeable batteries toward wide dual (military and commercial) market acceptance. All types of portable devices and equipments, wireless communication devices, are key commercial applications. Flexible packaging inherent in the polymer-based technology provides another significant market dimension both commercially and militarily.

YARDNEY TECHNICAL PRODUCTS, INC. 82 Mechanic St Pawcatuck, CT 06379
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 599-1100 Dr. Grant M. Ehrlich AF 99-070
Title:	Thin Film, Flexible Space Battery
Abstract:	Yardney Technical Products as the prime contractor and Professor Bruce Dunn of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), as a subcontractor, propose to develop a novel, thin film Li-ion battery technology. Unique to the innovation, the technology will incorporate an inorganic thin film polymer electrolyte which will permit the development of dimensionally and mechanically flexible thin film Li-ion cells appropriate for application in small satellites and related aerospace applications. The technology will offer high cycle life, high energy density and high specific energy, as required of satellite applications, in a dimensionally flexible, thin film device able to conform to virtually any configuration. Energy density will be enhanced through the use of less electrolyte, thinner separator and lighter weight packaging. Additional features of the thin film battery will be thermal stability, enhanced through the use of a silica based polymer, and low temperature performance, enhanced through both confinement effects and the use of materials with high ionic conductivity. Finally, the fabrication of the thin film cells addresses manufacturing issues which have inhibited the commercialization of gel polymer electrolyte systems and lead to the success of solid polymer electrolyte systems. The form factor of the resulting cells will be unrestricted.

MICROLAB, INC. 6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 483-3458 Charles B. Wheeler AF 99-071
Title:	Latching Micro-Magnetic Relays
Abstract:	We propose to develop latching micro-magnetic relays based on the geometry-dependant magnetization of permalloy cantilevers. Two stable states ("on" and "off") in a micro-relay controlled by an external magnet have been demonstrated. An integrated coil will be designed and fabricated with the relay to achieve the electronic switching between the two stable states. To meet the Air Force requirements, we will also demonstrate the computability of our micro-magnetic relays with the high density interconnect multichip module technology referenced in the solicitation.

NANOSYSTEMS, INC. 83 Prokop Rd. Oxford, CT 06478
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 881-2827 Charles P. Beetz AF 99-071
Title:	Latchable MEMS Microrelay
Abstract:	Military information systems are becoming increasingly dispersed, appearing in weapon systems, satellites, and in the pockets and palms of combatants, they are perceiving the physical world closer than ever before, creating new opportunities for controlling the battlefield environment. In order to exploit these opportunities, information systems will need the ability to sense, compute, and act. This need is driving the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Employing the fabrication techniques and materials of microelectronics, MEMS processes construct both electrical and mechanical components. A novel approach for a bi-stable MEMS based latching microswitch is proposed permitting the latching microrelay to be fabricated as an integral part of the microsatellite system bus architecture. This new approach will enable the bus architecture to be reconfigured in the event of hardware failures or to switch in back-up systems. The presence of many DC capable microswitches will also enable a higher degree of flexibility to be built into the multifunctional structure. This permits a more generic architecture to be fabricated and then tailored to an application when the specific hardware is mounted on the substrate. The Phase II program will demonstrate the MFS system in an MCM package.

ELECTRO ENERGY, INC. 22 Shelter Rock Ln Danbury, CT 06810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 797-2699 John Cole AF 99-072
Title:	Integrated Power Cell
Abstract:	The project will utilize Electro Energy's bipolar nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery technology, miniaturized power electronics and different photovoltaic (PV) technologies to introduce a novel "integrated power cell" (IPC) for space and remote terrestrial power applications. The calculated power density is 17 W/kg - - more than three time the state-of-the-art for the combined weight of the PV array, power electronics and battery subsystems. EEI's patented, low cost bipolar Ni-MH wafer cell and plastic bonded electrodes are unique in their ability to be produced as a thin, large area energy storage device necessary to optimize the IPC concept. As such EEI's wafer cell technology is ideally suited to be assembled directly to the PV cells as a weight and cost saving design. The PV technologies investigated will include conventional, high efficiency crystalline silicon cells, amorphous silicon cells and newer copper-indium-diselenide (CIS) thin film technology. A conventional power circuit will be used to control the charge and discharge of the IPC. Miniaturized power electronics will be selected and an experimental circuit will be developed for testing the integrated power cell and controlling the end-of-charge. An experimental IPC will be produced for laboratory testing on a low-earth-orbit test regime. Electrical and thermal performance data shall be collected using an automated test and data acquisition system.

SPIRE CORP. One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-6000 Dr. Anton C. Greenwald AF 99-072
Title:	Integrated System for Low-Cost, Supplemental Satellite Power
Abstract:	Spire Corporation and a subcontractor, Lithium Power Technologies, will develop an integrated power system that will combine state-of-the-art thin film solar cells, thin film batteries, and power conditioning electronics in flexible, lightweight modules. The design will emphasize high specific energy, low cost, wide temperature tolerance, electrical fault tolerance, and resistance to impact from space debris. Phase I will determine the best photovoltaic, thin film battery, and power conditioning approaches through design studies that will identify active and passive materials, electrical and electronic architectures, and find integrated system response under nominal and abnormal operating conditions. Key experiments will determine processing and environmental temperature limits for materials and components, and measure leakage currents and power losses in simple cell-battery and blocking diode circuits. Phase II will address scale-up, and a fully operational system will be built and tested. Spire's demonstrated expertise in space and terrestrial photovoltaics will be complemented by Lithium Power Technologies, a leader in development of rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

AERODYNE RESEARCH, INC. 45 Manning Rd Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 663-9500 Frank J. Iannarilli, Jr. AF 99-073
Title:	Non-cooperative Identification of Aircraft Using Spaceborne IR Polarimetric Hyperspectral Imaging
Abstract:	The development of a completely passive technique for non-cooperative identification (NCID) of aircraft using a spaceborne, polarimetric hyperspectral imaging sensor is proposed. In addition to being passive, with the accompanying 1/r^2 standoff advantage compared to active methods, the proposed technique uses the observables, degree of linear polarization and angle of linear polarization, which have been shown by us in computer simulations to capable of yielding high probabilities of classification (>80%) even for visually similar aircraft such as the F14 and F15. The proposed effort makes use of Aerodyne's infrared polarimetric hyperspectral imaging sensor (IRPHSI) which uses a novel time-simultaneous polarimetric measurement technique which yields perfectly spatially registered polarimetric measurements. The time-simultaneity of the technique allows operation in the sub-pixel regime, which is essential for practical spaceborne applications, possible. The proposed effort consists of formulating a test plan for collection of surface-based field data with the IRPHSI sensor, extension of our existing air-to-air NCID performance analysis to spaceborne configurations, collection of field data, and quantification of the passive NCID effectiveness.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 99 S Bedford St., #7 Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Steven Adler-Golden AF 99-073
Title:	Optimization of Hyperspectral Target Identification Alorightms via Atmospheric Effects Simulations
Abstract:	Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) proposes to address shortcomings in current hyperspectral target identification algorithms and their evaluation by the novel approach of coupling the target identification process to first-principles radiation transport (RT) calculations that model atmospheric effects and atmospheric compensation errors. Several new and valuable results will emerge from this R&D program, including enhanced target identification methods and algorithms and a software suite, HITS, that will provide advanced atmospheric compensation, data simulation, target identification, and algorithm testing capabilities. The proposed work will be based on several state-of-the-art UV/visible/IR RT codes developed by SSI in collaboration with AFRL. In Phase I we will analyze hyperspectral data covering the 400-2500 nm wavelength region to investigate the impact of atmospheric effects on the performance of target material spectral identification algorithms. We will identify promising algorithms that can mitigate atmospheric effects, adapt an algorithm to incorporate atmospherically-related biases and variabilities, and demonstrate improved target identification. In Phase II we will develop the HITS software suite and exercise it with a variety of real and simulated data cubes, targets, and identification algorithms.

MENDEZ R&D ASSOC. PO Box 2756 El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 640-0497 Dr. Antonio J. Mendez AF 99-074
Title:	High Speed Optical CDMA for Satellite Local Area Networks
Abstract:	The Project objective is the concept definition of a novel architecture for cross-linking a LEO cluster of small satellites, flying in close formation and collaboratively performing shared/distributed processing missions. This effort conceptualizes and evaluates satellite local area networks (S-LANs) employing a Central Network Administrator (MotherSat) for network control and a free-space digital optical communication link (DOCL) based on optical code division multiple access (CDMA) for data communication among the satellite nodes. The objective is simultaneous, asynchronous, reconfigurable addressing of all nodes in the S-LAN for high-data-rate, low-latency, low-probability-of-intercept communications. Two topologies/protocols are postulated where the MotherSat: 1) acts as the hub/switch for S-LAN connections, and 2) sets up point-to-point links among the satellite nodes. All-optical and synergistic RF (for command and control)/optical (for data transfer) technologies are considered. This effort will trade off S-LAN communication topologies, define optimal optical link differentiation techniques, determine minimum optical assemblies per node, and perform conceptual and preliminary designs of DOCL transceivers, optical pointing/tracking subassemblies, and onboard interfaces between them. This project will define a proof-of-concept prototype to be developed in Phase II.

MITECH, INC. 8484 Georgia Ave., Ste 950 Silver Spring, MD 20910
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 282-8642 Dr. Klaus Schug AF 99-074
Title:	Satellite Local Area Network (LAN)
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to explore concepts and technologies for lightweight, low power, high data rate, secure and standards based satellite local area network (LAN) and associated inter-satellite link (ISLs) communication systems. An operational concept will be defined with realistic satellite LAN missions composed of clusters of satellites in close proximity and more distant locations joined through wireless ISLs to form a virtual spacecraft. Various combinations of satellites are linked into a LAN via ISLs to form different virtual spacecraft, each capable of conducting unique and required missions. Requirements from the operational scenarios will be used to identify, analyze and evaluate existing, in development and proposed concepts, architectures, hardware and software for implementing a satellite LAN and virtual satellites. Candidate architectures, hardware and software components will be identified from existing and in development wireless communication systems and components. Candidate architectures, hardware and software system concepts that appear to meet the satellite LAN and mission requirements will be selected for more detailed evaluation, specification and analysis. Analytical and simulation modeling will be used to validate final system implementation recommendations.

ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH, INC. 87 Church St East Hartford, CT 06108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 528-9806 Harri Latvakoski AF 99-075
Title:	Solid State Polarimeter
Abstract:	The Air Force desires compact, intelligent optical sensors for use on satellites and other unmanned space vehicles. Intelligent sensors combine detection, processing, and control functions onto a single package to allow for autonomous detection and interpretation of optical signals. A specific case where an intelligent optical system is needed is in the detection, processing, and evaluation of infrared polarization imagery, which has shown potential for improved target discrimination over other infrared imaging techniques. To meet this need we propose to develop an intelligent, compact, imaging infrared polarimeter on a chip. The key innovation on which this polarimeter will be based is the recent development of efficient lithographic antennas at mid and far-infrared wavelengths. These antennas can be integrated monolithically with a detector on the same substrate, and since the shape of an antenna determines its response to incident ramification, an antenna and detector combination can be made polarization selective. By fabricating the proper set of antenna shapes with their attached detectors onto a single substrate, a "superpixel," which is capable of measuring the full Stokes vector can be developed. Reductions in size, cost, complexity, and improvement in speed over current systems are possible with a solid state polarimeter.

PHYSICS INNOVATIONS, INC. PO Box 2171 Inver Grove Heigh, MN 55076
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 455-0565 Dr. Cornell Chun AF 99-075
Title:	Compact Autonomous Polarimetric Imaging Sensor
Abstract:	Surveillance systems on-board unmanned space vehicles are required to have a wide field of regard and operate autonomously. Target detection, recognition, and tracking would be done using high-resolution imaging sensors cued by a lower resolution imaging sensor which is able to view the entire field of regard. This cueing system must be able to discriminate potential targets in clutter and transmit regions of interest to the high-resolution sensors. A promising sensor for the cueing function is an optical imaging polarimeter. Physics Innovations Inc. has developed an imaging sensor technique using a novel array of polarizers, which may be suitable for integration with an imaging sensor which can be compact and consumes low power. Such a system could be integrated on a single substrate to form an intelligent imaging polarimeter on a chip. In the Phase I project, we will explore concepts and technologies for the design of an intelligent optical imaging polarimeter on a chip. In the Phase II project, we will develop a prototype imaging polarimeter in a multichip module based on the technologies evaluated in Phase I.

MICROASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PO Box 877825 Buckley Rd San Luis Obispo, CA 93406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 520-8880 Joseph Kung AF 99-078
Title:	Self-aligned High Density Connectors Using VLSI Processing Techniques
Abstract:	A high-density connector array is developed using a contact technology and novel self-aligning mechanism. The technology also allows for termination and/or passive components to be integrated into the connector.

RUSSELL DESIGN SERVICES 2616 Cross St Riverside, CA 92503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 689-2309 Russell Abbott AF 99-078
Title:	Micron Scale Connector
Abstract:	The development of a high-density connector system with self-aligning capability is undertaken. This research solves a problem to decrease the mass and weight of connectors used in space systems. This architecture defines a connector system with contacts on a .25mm pitch. Three types of contacts are provided: signal, RF, and power with 2-3 amp capacity. Utilizing shape memory alloy springs (SMA) to activate the aligning and engagement mechanism provides for a zero insertion force engagement.

OPTICOMP CORP. PO Box 10779215 Elks Point Rd Zephyr Cove, NV 89448
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(702) 588-4176 Peter S. Guilfoyle AF 99-079
Title:	VCSEL/MEMS Micro Alignment Manipulator Architectures (MAMAs) for Fiber Arrays
Abstract:	The primary goal of this Phase I program is to develop micro alignment manipulator architecture (MAMA). The proposed system consists of arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) for coupling into single mode optical fiber. This architecture will simplify the integration of a standard 12 x 12 array of bundled fibers with VCSELs and will provide high coupling efficiency. Active micro alignment of the individually addressable MEMS enables the light to be accurately directed into the fibers and readjusted after thermal or mechanical shifts. During Phase I, a 1-D fiber coupler prototype will be fabricated to demonstrate the micro alignment technology using VCSELs, MEMS, and diffractive optical interconnect elements (DOIEs). During Phase II, a packaged 2-D device will be fabricated using standard optical ribbon cable and fiber connector technology for parallel data communications. This optical transmitter technology, which can be optimized for thermal and radiation tolerance, can be used in high performance optical interconnect systems. The MAMA has dual-use applicability in on-board communications for space vehicles and telecommunications satellites. Additionally, fiber optic links offer a significant weight savings over coaxial cable, which makes them ideal for utilization in space environments for high speed data communications.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 427 South 166th St. Omaha, NE 68118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 683-1840 Joseph Chiara AF 99-082
Title:	Training for Space Operators Using a Distributed Mission Training Environment
Abstract:	Our team will leverage its experience in the design, development and implementation of training technologies and materials and our innovative work in the design, development and implementation of intelligent technologies and real-time distributed environments for C2 training on Pentium class machine, intranets, and the Web. We will use our expertise to design and develop a DMT environment for the training of Space Operators. We will deliver a limited, but realistic prototype by the end of fifth month of a Phase I contract. Our software system will be developed in JAVA, and we will continue to develop flexible and portable software that can be easily applied to other domains. We will also focus on the commericalization and technology transfer dimensions of the SBIR program. Our system will offer easy of use, reliability, expandability, and multiple features for training, data collection, data analysis, evaluation, and decision support.

SYTRONICS, INC. 4433 Dayton-Xenia RoadBuilding 1 Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-1466 Timothy Choate AF 99-082
Title:	Training for Space Operators Using a Distributed Mission Training Environment
Abstract:	We propose to apply significant experience and familiarity with the warfighter's needs in space, space environments, DMT, training requirements to the problem of identifying space requirements, and determining how DMT can support space training. We will develop an operational, networked training facility to evaluate the application of DMT technologies to space environments using our experience with DMT, distributed simulation, advanced software architecture development, long-haul networking, and training requirements. Our Phase I objectives are: (1) define space operator and warfighter training needs; (2) define DMT current and evolving capabilities; (3) define enhancements (to the DMT) for space and identify enabling technologies; and (4) identify commercialization opportunities. Our Phase I products are: (1) a DMT capabilities evaluation; (2) a space training requirements list; (3) technology assessment results; (4) a Phase II Development and Demonstration Plan; and (5) a Preliminary Commercialization Plan. In a continuation period, we will also provide implementation and demonstration requirements for Phase II and a preliminary (top-level) design of the architecture for Phase II. The overall result will be quantified assessment of feasibility within technology definitions and a sound plan to conduct development and demonstrations in Phase II to enhance the warfighter's effectiveness in space.

KLEIN ASSOC., INC. 1750 Commerce Center Blvd, N Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 873-8166 Thomas E. Miller, Ph.D. AF 99-083
Title:	Preparing the U.S. Air Force for Operations Other Than War
Abstract:	Since the Cold War the trend in military operations has increasingly moved toward Operations Other Than War (OOTW). However, military doctrine, practice and training have focused primarily on traditional combat operations, which differ fundamentally from OOTW. One requirement for training the Air Force with skills necessary for successful operation in OOTW environments is to understand the breath of OOTW requirements and how they differ from war-fighting situations. In the history of military operations, the frequency of OOTWs has been substantially lower than that of combat operations, making every OOTW a significant and critical data point. The goal of the proposed effort is help the U.S. Air Force understand and meet the unique training needs that OOTW impose. The opportunity with this proposal is to take advantage of three recent developments what will impact Air Force training for OOTW: 1) the emergence of the Naturalistic Decision Making framework using Cognitive Task Analysis to understand how people make decisions; 2) the work of Miller and Zsambok (1997) defining the unique cognitive demands of Commanders of OOTW; and 3) the development of a new approach to training skills in decision making called Decision Skills Training (DST).

MCDONALD RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 2431 Aloma AveSuite 223 Winter Park, FL 32792
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 644-1900 Dr. Bruce McDonald AF 99-083
Title:	Modeling and Simulation of Less Than War Scenarios
Abstract:	Since the end of the Cold War, the probabilities of Major Regional Conflicts (MRCs) have been greatly reduced and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) have risen to a higher priority in claiming Air Force Resources. These changes are having significant impacts on Air Force readiness and training. McDonald Research Associates has developed an innovative reseach approach for developing a solution to the MOOTW impact on readiness. The technical objectives of Phase I are to: - Determine the impact of MOOTW on the ability of Air Force personnel to practive MRC tasks - Determine taining system capabilities that can mitigate these MRC training shortfalls - Propose training systems and technologies to achieve these MRC goals - Determine the differences between MOOTW tasks and their matching MRC tasks - Determine whether MRC training is sufficient to achieve mission success in MOOTW - Determine taining shorfalls that will lead to high risk of MOOTW mission failure - Determine training system capabilities that can mitigate these high risks of MOOTW mission failure - Propose training systems and technologies to achieve these MOOTW goals - Propose the development of innovative MRC and MOOTW training technology in Phase II

MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC. 4900 Pearl East CircleSuite 201E Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(517) 347-6117 Tom Carolan AF 99-084
Title:	Tools for Assessing Human Warfighter Performance Readiness and Dist Joint Aircrew Trng Effectiveness
Abstract:	Micro Analysis & Design, Inc. (MA&D) and the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) Human Factors Group have teamed to conduct innovative research and development aimed at demonstrating methods and tools for evaluating training effectiveness and assessing human warfighter performance readiness. The proposed approach will assess individual, team and inter-team warfighting skills that are exercised using simulator, flight training, Distributed Mission Training (DMT) and Joint DMT methods. Hierarhically organized Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) and Measures of Performance (MOP) will provide a common framework linking evaluation of task performance to evaluation of the impact of training on accepted measures of mission readiness. Training effectiveness research will be applied to recommend modifications of a commercial performance-modeling tool that, as modified, will improve prediction of training impact on warfighter mission performance. As assesment methodology and prototype instructor interfaces will be developed to support Air Force instructors in evaluating and diagnosing training performance and assessing training needs. The proposed Phase I will result in a proof-of-concept demonstration of the viability and feasibility of the identified methods and tools.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy PlaceBuilding 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Kevin Yu AF 99-085
Title:	Collimating Display Screen for Simulator Displays
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to design and develop a new single curvature collimating display screen (CDS) for out-the-window simulator applications. This proposed screen is based on a unique combination of two technologies: a holographic light shaping diffuser (LDStm) with predetermined diffusion properties, integratd with a microlens array. This proposed screen will be produced using mature technology for step and repeat replication of the holograhic LSD and microlens array into plastic substrates such as polycarbonate. This surface replication process can be scaled up by tiling to very large area for high volume production. The screen will be lightweight and tilable, and will be less than an inch thick, with highly efficient transmission. In Phase I, POC will show the feasibility of the proposed approach by design and analysis, by demonstrating componenet fabrication, and by integrating it into a functional display screen.

MONTEREY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 24600 Silver Cloud CourtSuite 103 Monterey, CA 93940
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(831) 648-0190 Michael E. McCauley, PhD AF 99-086
Title:	Advanced Interfaces for Space Operator Consoles
Abstract:	Monterey Technologies, Inc. proposes a nine-month program to analyze, develop and demonstrate next-generation interfaces for space operator consoles. As space operations continue to grow in complexity, and as the capabilities of digital technology accelerate, the need for well-designed controls and displays, and appropriate implementation of innovative user interfaces becomes apparent. The limits of the operator's capabilities now can become exceeded by the overwhelming increase in the availability of displayed information. The objective of the project is to improve the space operator's situation awareness and mission performance through improvements to the functionality of their consoles. To that end, Monterey Technologies, Inc. will first conduct a technology survey, top-level mission analysis, function analysis and user needs analysis. The technical feasibility of technologies in the 2005 timeframe will be assessed. These analyses will lead to a preliminary specification of requirements for a prototype console interface. Finally, a rapid prototype demonstrating the feasibility of the selected technologies will be completed in Phase I.

NTI, INC. 4130 Linden AvenueSuite 235 Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 254-3171 Robert D. O AF 99-086
Title:	Dev of a Generic Research Simulator for the Evaluation of Alternative Control/Display Technologies
Abstract:	The inevitable near-term introduction of a wide range of alternative control and display technologies into aerospace systems has raised complex human factors reseach issues. Basic research has defined the physical and ergonomic parameters of many of these technologies. However, a gap exists between laboratory research and "real-world" testing. Outstanding expensive "simulators" exist, but a lower-cost, operationally valid simulation device is needed, capable of providing mission-related predictions of the impact of proposed control/display technologies. The effort will integrate a high-fidelity aeromodel into a motion-based simulator to answer this need. Operationally meaningful performance assessment metrics will also be included. The Phase I output will include complete designs and software specifications for developing a motion-based, aerodynamically realistic simulation of the F-16 aircraft, and a software interface capable of accepting many anticipated alternative control/display technologies envisioned for the aero- and space-environments. The proposed design is "generic" in that is can be easily adapted to other aircraft, many control/display technologies, and space applications with a minimum of modifications. Therefore, the commerical applications of this development extend to civil aircraft, all forms of transportation (cars, busses, trains) design of controls and displays in nuclear power plants, and the design of workplaces in any safety-sensitive environment.

ADROIT SYSTEMS, INC. 209 Madison StreetSuite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-1220 Jeff Bradford AF 99-087
Title:	Imagery Analyst Interface for Ultra-Spectral Imaging Sensors
Abstract:	Since the Persian Gulf War the demand for multi-, hyper- and ultra-spectral data has significantly increased. The key reason for this increased demand is the potential benefits of spectral imagery to aid in target detection, specifically area anomalies, targets employing camouflage, denial and deception techniques, and the identification of natural and chemical effluence. Apectral imagery has the greatest potential to provide accurate data to the operators in an Automatic Target Recognition environment due to the ability to determine minute spectral differences between targets. Nonetheless, spectral based technology has not been widely accepted or utilized in the operational community. This is primarily due to system limitations in the literal image detection ranges, user experience, sensor limitations, availability of tactical sensor data, and validated exploitation tools and methods. It is the goal of this Phase I to determine a methodolgy and process to identify and evaluate (qualitatively and quantitatively) technological advances in the multi-to ultra-spectral exploitation arena. Key elements of the study are determination of operational users requirements, compile a preliminary cognitive engineer design flow, review advances in visual psychophysics, ARTs, algorithms, spectral workstations, and determine appropriate means to measure advances and make solid recomendations for advancement exploitation techniques.

PROMETHEUS, INC. 103 Mansfield St. Sharon, MA 02067
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 849-5389 Richard Tolimieri AF 99-087
Title:	PONS Interface for Ultra-Spectral Imagery
Abstract:	Advances in sensor technology have significantly expanded the potential role of multi- and hyperspectral imaging in a wide range of military scenarios. However, for these advances to be of use of human interpreters, image display technologies must be developed requiring new image processing techniques. These must address the availability of increasing volumes of hyperspectral images, as well as the novel nature of the ultra-spectral data characteristics. We propose to develop a new class of image transforms, PONS-PCA transforms, for dealing with multi- and hyperspectral imagery. Our design strategy combines the novel uniresolution feature of PONS, the Prometheus Orthonormal Set, with PCA, principal component analysis. PONS is used to represent spatial information in a highly compressed version while retaining information over the entire image. PCA captures the dominant chromatic features of the image. The characterstics of PONS-PCA transforms are essential for meeting the challenges of dynamic range compression and spatial registration of multi-spectral static and moving image streams.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy PlaceBuilding 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dia Hyun Kim, Ph.D. AF 99-088
Title:	Parallel Genetic Algorithm-Based Look-Ahead Path Intercept Trajectory Methodology
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a real-time, autonomous, self-adjustable, and robust path intercept trajectory algorithm to guide pilots back to a predefined path. The proposed Autonomous Flight Path Maintainer (AFPM) is based on the POC's proprietary parallel adaptive genetic algorithm (PAGA) and look-ahead prediction methodology. The PAGA will provide adaptability and fast optimization to calculate the off-state between the current path and the predefined path, while the look-ahead prediction methodology predicts the next position. Embedding POC's PAGA optimization engine and look-ahead predictor into the current flight simulator MIL-AASPEM (Man-in-the-loop Air-to-Air System Performance Evaluator) will show the feasibility of the proposed AFPM. During Phase I, POC will focus on demonstrating the feasibility of the AFPM and designing the Phase II high-level specifications, including the hardware computing platform.

KLEIN ASSOC., INC. 1750 Commerce Center Blvd. N Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 873-8166 Gary Klien, Ph.D. AF 99-089
Title:	Representing the Cognitive Demands of New Systems
Abstract:	As information technologis develop, it becomes more critical to inject cognitive requirements into the design process. Otherwise, developers will generate expensive systems that either do not meet the needs of users, or compromise the decision making process of individuals and teams. We believe the solution is to develop tools for the system sponsors for front-end analysis, as well as for the designers and developers. To achieve this, we will take advantage of recent breakthroughs in the use of cognitive task analysis for designing information technologies, as well as the development of a new approach to team representation, Team Integrated Design Environment (TIDE). We will apply these techniques to the Joint Strike Fighter, to demonstrate that it is feasible to identify and represent individual and team cognitive requirements. Then we will design a prototype software tool to represent individual and team cognitive requirements. The tool will not be a simulation , but will be a support system for defining and displaying the cognitive features of decision makers so that they can be used as constraints in guiding the design and development process. During Phase II, we will construct a working prototype and evaluate its impact on representing cognitive requirements during conceptual design.

NTI, INC. 4130 Linden AvenueSuite 235 Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 532-5723 Douglas R. Eddy, PhD AF 99-089
Title:	Air Crew Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool
Abstract:	A great deal of research has been done to study the limits of human performance under sleep deprivation and experts can advise on how to best utilize crew members to avoid the disruptions of day-night rhythms and fatigue. Unfortunately, there is currently no system that permits the military planner to automatically consider the lessons of sleep and performance research when planning flight operations. This proposal describes the development of a computerized, user-friendly decision aid that can assist operational planners in scheduling work and rest to avoid or minimize the effects of fatigue on human performance. The project starts with a highly researched and recognized model of human sleep and performance. It then extends it, based on recent findings giving at user-centered GUI interface. With this computerized system, optimal performance can be arranged at critical times and degradations can be avoided, scheduled at times of minimal workload, or at times when they would potentially have a least impact on mission success. This product will be useful to planners and schedulers in the commercial sector who have workers preparing for tasks requiring humans operating at their highest performance levels in aviation, nuclear power plants, at night or in time shifted oipeations.

FLIGHT VISIONS, INC. 43W752 Route 30 Sugar Grove, IL 60554
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 466-2114 David Klinchuch AF 99-090
Title:	Advanced Multi-Function Head-Up Display
Abstract:	Flight Visions, is a leader in the development of Head-Up Display Systems that are two times more accurate, half the weight and 2/3 the size of competitors HUDs. Considering this, the primary responsibility of this program is to discover a new technology to replace the CRT. Most CRT's are replaced because of degraded brightness. The CRT half-life is normally less than 1000 hours because they generally operate at relatively high brightness levels. Flight Visions proposes to do a feasibility study of three different technologies: AMLCD Light Valve, MEMS, and Laser. One technology will be selected for a further conceptual study and preliminary designs for implementation will be accomplished. Ultimately, a demonstration unit would evolve during Phase II. The selected technology must have proven reliability and provide: adequate luminance for operation in an open cockpit in bright sunlight, good contrast ratio, adequate resolution, good repeatability, and accuracy. Typically, the brightness requires 1600 ft-Lamberts minimum reflected light off of the HUD combiners into the pilot's eyes. Assuming a reflection coefficient of 30% for frequency selective combiners, the incident light intensity from the HUD lens system must be approximately 5000 ft-Lamberts. Accounting for efficiencies, transmissivity of the lens, and engineering margins; the technology must have luminance capability of at least 10,000 ft-Lamberts. Also, the resolution of the technology must be at least 1000 X 1000 pixels for accurate HUB aiming.

ENGINEERING MATTERS, INC. 18 Orchard St. Medfield, MA 02052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 648-0468 Dr. Richard Fontana AF 99-091
Title:	Direct Drive Force Feedback Man-Machine Interface (Fly-by-Wire-Compatible Force Feedback Joystick)
Abstract:	The innovation presented in the proposed research effort is the design of a direct drive, high performance, low cost, light weight, zero backlash, low friction, force feedback joystick with every high bandwidth and very high reliability. This high performance joystick will be designed utilizing a two-degree of freedom spherical motor for use as the force feedback actuator. The noncontact electromagnetic drive means that there are no components in contact with the joystick other than the bearings. Because the system has no gears, cables, transmissions or moving parts other than the stick itself, the system is very rugged and reliable. The system is also fail-safe since there are no transmission components to bind. The direct force feedback joystick will be capable of providing a stick feel that can do much more the simulate the most desirable traits of traditional stick aircraft. Haptic information provided through the high fidelity stick force feedback system can transfer critical information, such as navigation, stall onset, proximity to earth, or other parameters using the sense of feel, thus reducing demands on the pilot's visual system. This high performance joystick will be designed in close cooperation with a high volume commercial Fast Track partner named in the proposal. Through this association, the joystick will be rapidly brought to market.

VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2175 Park Blvd Palo Alto, CA 04306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 321-4900 James F. Kramer AF 99-091
Title:	Virtual Hand Interaction with a Reconfigurable Control Panel for Pilot Trng and Ergonomic Assessment
Abstract:	Upon completion of our Air Force SBIR Phase I and Phase II, contracts, the Air Force will have the necessary software and whole-hand feedback hardware for unprecedented simulation of haptic interaction between hands and control devices, paying back in multiples the Air Force's financial investment in the contracts. With the proposed high-fidelity control-panel simulator, the Air Force will be able to remotely train pilots, flight engineers and control-tower-operations personnel all over the world on the latest control panels and controls, with nothing more that a download of updated control-panel simulation software. Additionally, Air Force researchers will be able to quickly and efficiently test new control-panel layouts and flight-control paradigms, evaluating them for effectiveness and ergonomics. The aerospace-controls-toolkit (ACT) software technology to be developed under this SBIR provides significant comercial potential wherever humans use their hands to interact with control mechanisms. Such applications include commercial aircaft and control-tower simulators, automative simulators, processing-plant simulators, and many more. Importantly, development of the aerospace-controls-toolkit technology lays a strong groundwork for creation of a general hand-based simulator, where arbitrary graphical objects can be manipulated. Such a generic hand-based simulator is the panacea of virtual reality and would have tremendous commercial potential in numerous industries.

ILLGEN SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 130 Robin Hill Road, Suite 200 Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 348-6886 Ms. Nancy Beauregard AF 99-092
Title:	Biological Research Imaging System and Knowledge (BRISK)
Abstract:	Illgen Simulation Technologies, Inc. (ISTI) will design and assemble a Parallel Processing System capable of supporting an unlimited variety of highly complex modeling projects. Using parallel system processing technology originally developed by NASA, complicated, mathematically intense models that typically take several days to run will be reduced to only a few hours. The ISTI team will build high speed parallel virtual machines (PVM) that will run parallelized versions of models, using standard message passing libraries and message passing interfaces (MPI), or the most current technology to ensure portability. Our software engineering team will modify or re-write government-owned source code, to run in a parallel processing environment. The system will be fully capable of supporting a wide variety of complex mathematical models, such as biological tissue, inorganic substances, human and animal anatomy and physiology, and biodynamic injury models. The high speed proessing capability of this system may be applied to any research project tht requires modeling. These include studies on acceleration impact injury, specific absorption rates (SAR) from exposure to radio frequency radiation, environmental impact studies, and biochemical defense.

POSITIVE LIGHT, INC. 101 Cooper Court Los Gatos, CA 95030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 399-7744 Dr. Leigh J. Bromley AF 99-092
Title:	Highly Efficient, Environmentally Stable, Miniaturized, Ultrafast Amplifier System
Abstract:	This proposal describes an innovative, ultrashort pulse laser system offering environmental stability, compactness and extremely high efficiency. This will be achieved by the use of a novel diode-pumped, mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser and fiber pulse stretcher, followed by a diode-pumped Yb:YAG amplifier and compact grating compressor. This system will deliver the >5mJ, subpicosecond pulses needed by the DoD, at the multi-kilohertz repetition rates required for commerical laser machining applications. While fiber-based CPA systems have been reported previously, effort has mainly centered on operation at 1550nm using erbium-doped fibers and output energies in these systems have been limited to microjoules. Amplification to higher energies in these systems is prevented by the incompatibility of the erbium emission wavelength with bulk diode-pumped materials operating at ~1um, such as Nd:Glass or Yb:YAG.

NCHRIS SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 13215 Poplar Glen Ln. Houston, TX 77082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(281) 496-7944 Neophytos Christodoulides AF 99-095
Title:	Altitude Decompression Sickness Risk Assessment Computer (ADRAC)
Abstract:	NChris Software Solutions proposes to build a robust object oriented system that fulfills all the requirements and is written in Java. The objective is to build this system without any platform restrictions or any other type of limitations. The system architecture will guarantee maintainability, flexibility, and most of all scalability. The objects that will comprise this system will be designed so that they can be remotely instantiated. The client/server architecture will guarantee "thin client" the front end, with the computations being performed by the 'back end" objects. In order to plug in different reports (different ways of viewing data), the core architecture will enable dynamic instantiation of objects that implements the proposed interface.

APTIMA, INC. 600 W. Cummings ParkSuite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-3966 Jean MacMillan AF 99-096
Title:	A Streamlined Scenario-Based Methodology for Evaluation Distributed Team Performance
Abstract:	Faster and more efficient methods are needed for developing scenario-based team and individual performance measures for distributed simulation environments. Aptima proposes a steamlined approach to identify critical team competencies, knowledge, and skills. This approach combines information about the nature of the tasks being performed with team theory and information about the structure and functions of the team to identify critical measurement points for more in-depth development of competency requirements and measures. Scenario events are then created to provide critical points for performance assessment. Because critical measurement points are scenario-bases, both automated and real-time observational measures are driven by scenario timing. This allows more efficienct measurement during the scenario and more rapid feedback to the team. At the end of Phase I, we will demonstrate an implementation of the measurement approach that uses a handheld data-input device synched to a simulation scenario to show how the data entry and feedback process can be streamlined. The proposed Aptima team has outstanding qualifications in developing, implementing, and assessing performance measures for distributed teams, supported by partnership with the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), with extensive experience in developing measures of performance and measures of effectiveness (MOPs/MOEs) for Air Force mission tasks.

MODUS OPERANDI, INC. 122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 984-3370 Lee Krause AF 99-096
Title:	SNOWCAT: Scenario Knowledge Capture for Cognitive Analysis-Based Training
Abstract:	SNOWCAT provides a cost-effective approach to the elicitation and representation of knowledge to support the training function. Our approach focuses on core competencies and is captured in the Scenario kNOWledge CAPture for Cognitive Analysis based Training (SNOWCAT) framework, which is based on the integration of MO's scenario-based knowledge capture technology with Dr. Alan Lesgold's cognitive analysis techniques. The MO team is combining a core set of proven technologies that focus on analyzing and storing the knowledge of why a particular learning pattern, task, or scenario should be used to achieve a desired goal. The key innovation of our approach is the ability to represent this "knowledge of why" in a robust form that captures task descriptions and performs cognitive analysis on the tasks.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 1660 S. Amphlett Blvd. Ste. 35 San Mateo, CA 94402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 655-7242 Richard H. Stottler AF 99-097
Title:	An Intelligent Training Management System (ITMS)
Abstract:	Air Force training units are in extreme need of advanced, intelligent training management systems to aid the training managers and schedulers in the performance of their duties. An intelligent training management system (ITMS) must address scheduling, tracking, evaluation, requirements identification, and completion and certification mangement of individuals and teams. The ITMS must be able to independently make decisions and recommendations but also accept input and overrides from training personnel. SHAI has extensive experience in intelligent scheduling, distributed collaboration between a mix of software agents and humans, general automated intelligent decision-making, and team training domains. Using an innovative combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, techniques we have used with much success for intelligent scheduling applications in 3 complex domains, several automated collaboration applications, and intelligent decision-making in dozens of applications, we will produce an automated, intelligent training mangement system with capabilities well beyond current methods. The goals of Phase I research are to thoroughly define the training management problem, elaborate the artificial intelligence techniques useful for automating it, prove the feasibility of these techniques through the development of a prototype, and develop a complete system.

APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 4300 San Mateo Blvd., NESuite A220 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 795-8106 Michael J. White AF 99-098
Title:	Dev of Predictive Model for Rocket Launch Noise Footprint
Abstract:	During Rocket launch significant noise can be generated and propagated to the surrounding environment that can be disrupting to both communities and wildlife. Assessment of these impacts requires knowledge of the acoustic source mechanisms, propagation effects, and requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act. In Phase I we will draw heavily on the rocket engine acoustic source investigative testing that we recently completed as well as expand our recent literature search on rocket engine acoustic sources. Our far field acoustic propagation techniques, developed from explosive charge detonation and large calibre gun firing tests, will be combined with our knowledge of rocket (engine noise and vehicle bow shock) sources to form a preliminary far field noise footprint prediction method. It is anticipated the results would be shown grahically using Air Force developed software, NMPLOT. Also, we intend to add IBON to our current noise ciriteria data base. In Phase II the nosie footprint software will be formalized, tested with field measurements and a graphical user interface will be added to complete the nosie assessment tool.

KELLY LOGISTICS SUPPORT SYSTEMS, INC. 398 East DaytonYellow Springs Road Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 879-3483 Steven T. Powers AF 99-099
Title:	Autonomic Logistics
Abstract:	As a part of the requirements definition process for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft, requirements analysts looked for new ways to improve the logistics processes. Autonomic Logistics was a term coined for these new processes that combined advanced on-board diagnostics and sensor systems to feed diagnostics results to ground-based information systems. It is envisioned that ground-based information systems will coordinate with Command and Control systems to assign the next mission and insure that the right replenishment stores and parts and technicians meet the aircraft when it lands. This concept has been discussed for years and has been briefed and approved at all levels of the Air Force. However, only the JSF contractors, who will attempt to develop an aircraft and support structure meeting the JSF requirements for Autonomic Logistics, are looking at the process. No Air Force agency has assumed the responsibility for fully defining the concept and insuring all aspects are covered with required research and evaluation. Without this research, Autonomic Logistics concepts will not meet all aircraft's future support requirements. This SBIR recommends an initial definition and technology evaluation to insure Autonomic Logistics can support all Air Force needs.

LOGOBOTS LLC 60 E 32nd Street, #203 Chicago, IL 60616
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 836-0497 Dr. Narayan P. Murarka AF 99-099
Title:	Intelligent Agents for Agile Combat Support
Abstract:	Agile combat support will require the ability to tie together the information systems of various service agencies to enable time-definite re-supply and delivery. The focused logistics objective outlined in Joint Vision 2010 calls for the establishment of an intranet environment to provide Global Combat Support System (GCSS) functionality to the war fighter. This will require a seamless fusion of information across the various computer systems from the depot in CONUS to the battlefield anywhere in the world. Such information fusion will enable reduced deployment footprint for weapon systems. Automation of the logistics supply chain workflow and the integration of the automated supply chain with the Internet are essential for accomplishing this objective. The proposed work aims to utilize intelligent agent technology along with emerging Internet technologies such as XML towards this end. The resulting software product will be applicable in a variety of domains ranging from military logistics to commercial manufacturing and financial houses. Phase I will yield a final report which documents a requirements analysis and a detailed design of the proposed software, among other things.

BIODYNAMIC RESEARCH CORP. 9901 IH 10 West, Suite 1000 San Antonio, TX 78230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 691-0281 John B. Bomar, Jr. PhD AF 99-100
Title:	Design and Feasibility of Biomechanics Toolset
Abstract:	BRC proposes to design and create a prototype software suite called "Biomechanics Assessment Toolbox (BAT) Software". This Software will comprise a set of software tools and utilities aimed at optimizing the processing and analysis of digitized biomechanical data. The Software will directly interact with the Air Force Biodynamic Data Bank (BDB) to calculate commonly used severity indices for implusive accelerations, derive statistical measures regarding injury probabilities, and, at its broadest, the proposed Software will be capable of operating on given time series of data with general pre-defined, and possibly user-defined, mathematical functions. The Phase I BAT Software will feature a preliminary user interface, an interaction capability with Air Force data stored in the BDB, and a preliminary output capability, in tabular and graphical formats. A successful Phase I project would provide a foundation for the full implementation of a comprehensive suite of analysis algorithms and the development of a fully functional software application in Phase II. The Software will be designed to operate as an integral part of the BDB, or as a stand-alone module commerically available to research institutions interested in accessing the BDB. No such application is presently available to the commerical accident resconstruction and injury prevention industries.

H. KOCH & SONS CO. 5410 E. La Palma Ave. Anaheim, CA 92807
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 779-7000 M. Happ AF 99-101
Title:	Improved Seat Comfort for Extended Missions
Abstract:	This project is intended to develop a number of technologies and specific solutions to the problem of providing enhanced aircrew comfort particularly during extended missions and in ejection seats. This program will specifically address the issue of physical comfort associated with crew seating as opposed to the general cockpit environment. Efforts will be concentrated on the seat cushion area as this is the essential man/seat interface. A two stage program is proposed. During the first phase, design concepts will be proposed and evaluated. During the second phase, selected designs will be prototyped and tested and where appropriate progressed to qualification. A range of proposals will be prepared; from those which can be retrofitted to existing seats without modification to those intended for incorporation into new seat designs. Supporting analyses will provide the customer with the information to develop cost effective implementation strategies.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 302 East Carillo Street, FL2 Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Alan Spiker AF 99-102
Title:	Area of Interest & Image Warping Presentation of Large Schematics on Small Computer Displays
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed effort is to determine the feasibility of squeezing a large schematic or diagram image onto a small physical display using a high-resolution area-of-interest in conjunction with warping of the remaining imagery. The resulting, hybrid image can then be viewed by maintenance personnel as they perform their tasks using portable computers. The specification of the area-of-interest size and shape, the algorithms used to warp the background, and the pointing methods used to interact with the images are collectively referred to as the EyeWarp system. This approach to economizing a large image is supported by our knowledge of how we view our visual world and our reliance on awareness of the entire scene. Analogously, the presence of the total image is important in maintaining awareness of what we are looking at, and where we are located in a large complex computer-based schematic or diagram. In Phase I, we will survey the range of maintenance schematics and diagrams and candidate portable displays, evaluate the feasibility of the EyeWarp concept, and perform a series of user experiments to identify parameters that optimize the usability of the concept. Evaluation of key area-of-interest and warping parameters will be accomplished using computer graphics and image processing software with a desktop monitor, as will the simulation of pointing and warping. Deliverables will include a final technical report and demonstration EyeWarp software.

TRANSDIMENSION INTERNATIONAL CORPOR 3637 Canyon Crest Drive, J100C Riverside, CA 92507
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 683-3600 Jing Wang AF 99-102
Title:	Advanced Methods for Displaying Large Schematics on Small Screen Devices
Abstract:	This SBIR topic is timely and of great importance. It identifies a significant need for both military and civilian applications that will become more and more prevalent in the immediate future. In response to this SBIR topic, we propose here an innovative presentation concept and the associated technologies to meet all the challenges posed in this SBIR topic. The overall objective of the project is the development of and advanced method for presenting large schematics/graphics on small screen computer devices that will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of aircraft maintenance personnel in their tasks. In Phase I, the objective is to define and prove the feasibility of the variable resolution and mixed scale concept and the associated technologies for presenting large schematics and complex graphics on small screens. The proposed method represents a significant advance over the generalized fisheye method. The focus of the proposed effort is not enhanced software graphics, but rather innovative presentation concepts for displaying large, complex schematics/graphics on a small screen. This new technology will find widespread application in any scenario where the schematics/graphics is too large for the screen.

BIOACOUSTICS TECHNOLOGY CORP. Whip-Poor-Will WalkP.O. Box 1579 Grantham, NH 03753
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 863-9854 Tom Callahan AF 99-103
Title:	Advanced Audio Interfaces, Advanced Flight Deck Headset
Abstract:	Most commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) headset systems utilize a combination of Passive and analog active noise reduction (AANR) to improve voice communication reception and intelligibility in high noise aircraft environments. These system do not satisfy USAF needs. The USAF has defined the need for high performance headsets: (1) Noise attenuation bandwidth needs to be extended to include higher frequencies 2,500 Hz. (2) There is a need for further intelligibility improvements. The BioAcoustics concept integrates: three important performance features: (1) unique "high-damping earcup cushions" (hybrid material arrangement) in an anthropomorphically correct cushion configuration to significantly improve passive noise attenuation in low frequency bands; (2) adjustable position, low impedance, receiver to enhance the audio-receiver-to-ear-canal coupling; an (3) Digital Active Noise Attenuation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The fully integrated system concept is expected to attenuate greater noise levels (40 to 45 dB) in a broader band (20-2500 Hz), reduce the signal level required for audibility, and, thus, significantly improve user comfort and intelligibility. Special attention is given to noise cancellation algorithms to deal with random noise. We will domonstrate that the proposed Audio-Comfort EarSearl(tm) is a more effective passive noise barrier and more comfortable than their SOA circumaural earcup cushion counterpart.

STANDARD OBJECT SYSTEMS, INC. 105 Lisa Marie Place Shalimar, FL 32579
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 609-4457 Henry L. Pfister AF 99-103
Title:	Advanced Audio Interface for Phonetic Speech Recognition in a High Noise Environment
Abstract:	Standard Object Systems, Inc. (SOS) will use its existing phonetic speech recognition (SPRS) tool kit to develop an advanced audio interface for speech recognition in a high noise military environment. A requirement exists for audio command, control, and communications systems in a noisy environment based on natural interfaces, such as speech recognition, which require no training for efficient intuitive operation. That existing speech recognition systems fail in even moderate noise environments was identified as a critical issue at the military workshop on Spoken Human-Machine Dialogue in 1995. As a potential SOS product, noisy speech recognition is of great commercial value in vehicles, offices and factories. To reduce noise effects in speech recognition, SOS will modify the SPSR processing in three ways: Add an adaptive filter to remove noise prior to speech processing; compute auditory based EIH data to create robust speech recognition features; and apply a genetic optimization algorithm imitating the human evolution of speech to improve noise rejection. These changes will be tested, with both off the shelf commercial speech software and the SPSR system, in a digital audio laboratory with controlled speech and noise to evaluate affects on speech recognition performance.

HORN LABORATORIES 35 Lucille Drive South Setauket, NY 11720
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(516) 737-2559 Michael Horn AF 99-104
Title:	Sunglasses with Selective Light Modulation
Abstract:	The preposed project addresses the problem of glare from the sun and other optical sources. The concept is to adaptively block sources of bright light in a scene while allowing the light from dimly lit areas to pass through with relatively little attenuation. The technical approach, based on a prototype of a patented technology, is to image the scene with a low cost CMOS imaging sensor. After the scene is scanned, areas of high light intensity, compared to some threshold, are identifed and the 2-diminsional coordinates are transferred to an addressable lens. The lens, a light transmissive liquid crystal display with addressable pixels, is direced to blank out the areas in its array that correspond to the bright areas in the original scene. The effect is to eclipse the bright light sources in the scene while leaving the balance of the scene clear. The project will have the assistance of the Kent State Liquid Crystal Institute. NY State will be providing funding support for development of the CMOS imaging sensor by the Center for Advanced Technology in Sensor Systems and Technologies at SUNY Stony Brook.

LUMIN, INC. 1936 Huntington DriveSuite 208 South Pasadena, CA 91030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 799-9065 Dr. Hua-Kuang Liu AF 99-104
Title:	Smart Wide-Field Broadband Filters for Eye Protection
Abstract:	The Lumim, Inc. proposes to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of a new eye protection device called a Smart Wide Field Broadband Filter (SWBF). The SWBF has a new optical architecture that is uniquely different from any other existing eye protection devices. Basically the SWBF consists of a liquid crystal spatial filter which is electrically addressed by a photo-sensor. The photo-sensor serves dual functions. It is used to detect the position and intensity of the dangerous light source. The sensed photo-voltage is used to directly control the opacity of the selected part of the pixels in the liquid crystal filter. The opacity of the specifically chosen pixels will reduce the intensity of the light originating from the corresponding dangerous source. The degree of reduction is adaptively proportional to the intensity of the light source. In the meantime, the filter will allow the surrounding objects of normal brightness be visible by the eye with little attenuation. The SWBF is self-reliant, adaptive, and smart. None of the existing eye protection devices has these unique characteristics and capabilities. Advantages of the device include wide field-of-view, broadband transmission, and large dynamic range. Due to the impressive business potential and significant profit expectations, companies from California, Mississippi an Florida have shown interests to support future commercialization effort. The Principal Investigator, Dr. Hau-Kuange Liu, a Fellow of both the OSA and SPIE, has published over 28 US patents and 200 papers. The research team has competent optical and electronic scientists. The cooperative academic, industrial, and business effort poses good probability of success of technology transfer for the enhancement of US competitiveness in the world economy.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Engineering & Products Divisio20600 Grammercy Plac Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mingjun Zhao AF 99-104
Title:	Adaptive Dual-Layer Eye Protection Device
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop an innovative protection device for human eyes and opticl sensors that performs regionally adaptive glare reduction. The critical elements are an ultracompact off-axis telescope, a microlens array-based limiter, and a regionally adaptive attenuator. The advantages of this innovative concept include its simple and compact structure, broadband response (400-700 nm), fast protection, high dynamic range, regionally adaptive dimming, effective glare reduction, and high transmission for dimmer objects. The major innovation of this proposal is that it combines the advantages of a high speed and high dynamic range optical limiter with the smooth adaptation characteristic of a glare reduction attenuator. This breakthrough technology has important potential applications because it can be manufactured using low-cost materials and mature fabrication techniques. In Phase I, POC will design and build key components and analyze their performance; the concept will be demonstrated by means of a laboratory prototype.

SELECTIVE LIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, 2075 Byberry RoadThe Atrium, Suite 109 Bensalem, PA 19020
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 593-6454 E. E. Barnes AF 99-104
Title:	Use of Segmented LCD Array to Reduce the Range of Light Intensity in the Field of View of a User
Abstract:	The purpose of this Phase I SBIR study is to show the feasibility of an eye protection device that adaptively changes in response to varying levels of light intensity. It selectively darkens regions in the user's field of view to improve visual performance over a range of light conditions. The proposed mechanism reduces light intensity in bright regions of the field of view. This is accomplished by varying the amount of attentuation of appropriate elements in a segmented LCD array that is located in front of the user's eye. Light intensity from non-bright areas is not materially affected. Current means of protecting vision are either totally static or else attenuate all light globally by slow chmeical means. The proposed technology is implemented by combining optics, electronics, and processing capabilities in a wearable apparatus. To be effective, this device should be implemented using small, rapidly responding elements in the field of view. This SBIR will investigate development of methods that will increase the number of elements in this LCD array. In addition, it will explore techniques to decrease LCD response time to changes in light intensity. These solutions need to be implemented in a self-contained unit.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 9131 Mason Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 407-0092 Ching-Fang Lin, Ph.D. AF 99-107
Title:	Advanced Multispectral/Hyperspectral Imagery Exploitation for Global Awareness
Abstract:	This Phase I project develops an advanced imagery anaiysis/exploitation system with multispectral and hyperspectral data sets for global awareness. The proposed technology incorporates methods from Evolutionary Computing that includes an Artificial Neural Network in combination with an Evolutionary Algorithm to automatically solve the materials detection and subpixel spectral mixing problem. Novel signature processing performs spectral mixing and sensitivities analysis, and band pass filtering and normalization of pixel vectors. The processed pixel vector is forwarded into innovative Self-Organizing Artificial Neural Networks based automated endmember and category selection subsystem to identify what categories are related to the sensed data. The proposed Evolutionary Computing approach provides a non-parametric search of the solution space which is guided by a model-based cost function that allows for rapid and flexible exploitation of the imagery data. The solution to this problem permits the identification of the constituent materials that comprise a pixel subtense (footprint) on the terrain from remotely sensed data. The end product to be developed during this project is a commercial software application that will provide end user visualization of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery and automated target detection and identification in a user friendly environment.

ARGTEC, INC. 5525 Twin Knolls RoadSuite 330-B Columbia, MD 21045
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 884-5882 Dr. Monndy A. Eshera AF 99-107
Title:	Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval in Global Information Databases Using Attributed Relational Graphs (ARG)
Abstract:	ARGTEC is pioneering the use of a new, innovative technology based on the theory of Attributed Relational Graph for content-based indexing and retrieval in large information databases. We have achieved several breakthroughs in the development of this technology. We applied this approach to indexing and retrieval in Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) with a remarkable success. When tested on large fingerprint databases provided by the FBI and the British Home Office, it delivered > 99% identification accuracy (i.e., < 1% Type I error) and close to zero false alarm rate. In benchmarks conducted by the customer, it achieved better than one order-of-magnitude reduction in the rate of false alarms in comparison with other competing state-of-the-art approaches, especially when presented with partial information, e.g., poor quality latent fingerprints collected from crime scenes or similar uncontrolled environments. ARGTEC proposes to develop and implement a generalized content-based indexing and retrieval system for global information databases. We will expand the ARG technology used successfully in AFIS to a hierarchical ARG scheme capable of processing more generalized global information that contains textual and non-alphanumeric information at multiple levels of detail and resolution. We will show that the hierarchical ARG representation scheme, coupled with our suites of matching algorithms are especially effective in handling noisy and partial information. ARGTEC is working with several industrial partners in both defense and commercial arenas. Our commercialization strategy lies in converting our R&D effort into system innovations, then teaming with large system integrators to infuse it into fielded, operational systems.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 725 Concord AvenueCambridge Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Paul G. Gonsalves AF 99-107
Title:	AMPLE: Agent-Based Mission Planning and Evaluation
Abstract:	Rapid developments in information technology and the associated application and assimilation of this technology provide a tremendous opportunity to enhance the mission planning and evaluation capabilities of Air Force commanders. An architecture employing multiple intelligent software agents can facilitate enhanced mission planning by automating: the collection and structuring of relevant tactical C4I data; the development, simulation, and evaluation of appropriate mission plans; and the assessment of the current and potential tactical situational states. Here, we propose the development of an Agent-based Mission Planning and Evaluation environment (AMPLE) for Air Force tactical missions. The innovation is the incorporation of several synergistic characteristics of multi-agent systems: the structuring of combat data in semantic structures that support complex cognitive processes, such as planning and assessment; the use of agent situatedness and reactiveness to simulate and evaluate alternative mission plans; the dynamic assessment of potential tactical situations created through planning and agent interaction; and the dynamic mission progress visualization and the associated plan editing capabilities. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing existing Air Force tactical mission planning systems and addressing future information dominated battlespace requirements.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 2 Research PlaceSuite 202 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 590-3155 Dr. ChiMan Kwan AF 99-107
Title:	Phased Array Time0Modulated Ultra-Wide Band Radar and Communication
Abstract:	The key innovation of this proposal is use of Time Modulated Ultra-wideband (TM-UWB) transmissions to implement low cost, low power phased array radar and radio. Within the last few years low cost ultra-high precision oscillators have become available, and these now make it possible to build TM-UWB radar and communication systems which have no baseband frequency. The only signals transmitted are single pulses which can be generated by a single transistor which is either on or off. Impulses in the time domain generate very wide bandwidth signals in the frequency domain, and the signals generated by our current hardware have bandwidths in the gigahertz range. Since the transmission effectively happens over gigahertz bandwidth, this type of radar and radio is virtually impossible to detect and infeasible to jam. TM-UWB radio requires no frequency allocation since energy is effectively transmitted on a wide band of frequencies simultaneously. Likewise, as long as users use a different pseudo-random pulse timing, there will be no interference between users, and there is no problem with multipath transmission. Gigahertz transmission rates are achievable. Because all that is transmitted is binary pulses, implementation of phased array system is easy and effective.

MODUS OPERANDI, INC. 122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 984-3337 Lee Krause AF 99-107
Title:	C-FOM: Conceptual FOM Design Tool
Abstract:	The Conceptual FOM (C-FOM) Design Tool's objective is to provide domain and subject matter experts, such as scenario developers, automated support for understanding and utilizing available simulation assets during HLA Federation development. The C-FOM Design Tool will import Simulation Object Models (SOMs) from HLA reuse repositories, such as the MSSR, to populate the domain space that will contain all the objects and their supported interactions. Domain experts will be able to build scenarios based on the domain objects and interactions in both a text and graphical form and export a minimal FOM. The ability for domain and subject matter to effectively access HLA assets is critical to the long-term acceptance of the HLA initiative. Under this effort, we will validate our approach through a proof-of-concept that will allow us to gain program and commercial support for our phase II and phase III commercialization efforts.

NET SQUARED, INC. 4324 Vista Way Davis, CA 95616
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(530) 758-4338 Todd Heberlein AF 99-107
Title:	Audit Workbench
Abstract:	Net Squared proposes developing a programming system, or framework, for processing and analyzing audit trails generated by host operating systems. This programming system, called the Audit Workbench, will provide (1) configuration and management for the collection of audit records, (2) the processing and presentation of audit records, (3) communication infrastructure for distributed deployment as well as integration with external IDS components and security management systems, (4) core intrusion detection capability, and (5) a platform for future DOD-sponsored research, development, and deployment of intrusion detection technologies. The goal is to do for host-based audit trails what our Network Radar is providing for network traffic analysis: a complete and robust platform on which to deploy leading edge technologies.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technology Division20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-1416 Freddie Lin AF 99-107
Title:	Distributed Video Image Information System Technology for Information Grid Applications
Abstract:	The Air Force Information Directorate is soliciting innovative technologies for Global Information Exchange that can simultaneously handle command, control, communication, computers, and intelligence data. In response, the Applied Technology Division of Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a unique video image information processing technology that will provide the following benefits: (1) high-fidelity image representation operation for narrowband communication applications; (2) high level image understanding and analysis operations for intelligent command, control, and intelligence applications; (3) no need for a variety of data processing techniques to perform global information distribution and services; and (4) significant savings in time and complexity in handling video images and databases. In Phase I, POC will implement a prototype laboratory system to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology. Phase II will continue the technological development and evolve a complete digital (video) image processing workstation with high digital video quality, excellent resolution, exceptional modularity, completely automated operation, and remarkable adaptation. In Phase III, this system will be reconfigured for numerous commercial application scenarios. Because of the close relationship of the proposed technology with POC's existing product line, product development efforts for this project will support the near-term business expansion of our data communications products.

RELAXATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 16794 Charmel Lane Pacific Palisades, CA 90272
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 459-4314 Wesley W. Chu AF 99-107
Title:	Activate: Intelligent Information Management Technologies to COTS RDBMSs and Legacy Databases
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to develop a product which will significantly enhance the capability of commerical off-the-shelf (COTS) RDBMS systems to provide decision makers with the ability to exploit information in a timely manner. The product will enable database users to use advanced technologies to obtain better, more complete answers to queries and to implement effective change management processes. The product is focused on users of complex, dynamic, legacy databases who need advanced information management capabilities to identify and act on changes in critical data. Militaty command and control systems are dominated by legacy, stovepipe databases which yield critical information only to highly skilled database technicians. Similarly, many businesses rely on legacy database systems which contain all of the information critical to running their business. Decision makers seldom understand the capabilities and limitations of the databases, or have the time and skills necessary to extract critical information in a timely manner. This project is to apply active database technologies, query relaxation technologies, advanced human-computer interface technologies, and tools to automatically configure those three technologies to provide intelligent information management. This product can be operated on top of the (COTS) RDBMS and legacy databases and has direct applicability to both military and commerical users.

SCENPRO, INC. 101 W. Renner RoadSuite 170 Richardson, TX 75082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 437-5001 Michael Gately AF 99-107
Title:	Chemical/Biological Incident Response Tool
Abstract:	We Propose to develop a Real-time/Predictive Chemical/Biological Incident Response Tool to enhance the effectiveness of the Incident Commander in planning for and management of chemical and biological warfare incidents. The tool will automatically track the execution of the incident response plan, predict resource shortfalls, propose solutions to resource shortages, and dynamically tailor the medical treatment protocols and incident response plans to provide an effective course of action for the incident at hand. The proposed tool will have the flexibility required to support both U.S. and coalition forces and will be extensible to the civilian emergency incident response domain. The proposed tool will also have the ability to significantly impact the training of the incident responders in the areas of course material, student assessment, and student progress. Similarly exercise planning, exercise monitoring, and exercise evaluation will be improved using the tool. Finally, there will also be benefits in the assessment of current incident response procedures and doctrine.

SIGNATRON TECHNOLOGY CORP. 29 Domino Drive Concord, MA 01742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 371-0550 Dr. Steen A. Parl AF 99-107
Title:	Advanced High Data Rate Adaptive HF Modem for Global Wireless Information Systems
Abstract:	The object of the proposed effort is to develop a new improved serial-tone HF modem capable of two-way data communications at variable rates up to 64 kb/s over a single frequency band. The proposing company has recently developed a serial-tone 64 kb/s modem using two frequencies for full duplex operation. The new single-frequency approach addresses improved bandwidth efficiency and adds both a secure and a non-secure orderwire mode. The new modem will result in an order of magnitude increase in HF link capacity permitting a more efficient integration of HF radio links into a broad range of backbone networks, such as TCP/IP, ATM, or X.25. The serial-tone waveform will allow much more efficient use of HF power amplifiers. The modem will also be designed to be resistant to narrowband interference and impulse noise. The Phase I effort will analyze and simulate performance of the most promising approaches to the difficult proposed objectives, including coding tradeoffs improving bandwidth efficiency, data interface types, and the new duplex operational mode, when interfaced with the adaptive equalizer, the link protocol, and the amplifier interface. Detailed computer simulations will be used to validate the design choices. A prototype will be designed, with a view towards a Phase II implementation and test.

THE ULTRA CORP. P. O. Box 50University Station Syracuse, NY 13210
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 438-8122 Donald M. Leskiw AF 99-107
Title:	C4ISR Global Network Simulator
Abstract:	The emerging global information infrastructure comprises wire-based and wireless networks of vast complexity that will provide internetworking services using Next Generation Internet (NGI) technologies: revolutionary applications, gigabit capacity wireless networking, internetworking satellites, and deeply networked systems. New communication network simulations are needed in C4ISR to demonstrate ensuing advances in global operations and distributed resource management. These include full-scale simulation of networklng, protocols, information distribution, and display (including visualization of the global grid itself). We propose a research and development effort that will lead to integrated demonstrations of full-scale land-, air-, and space-based internets with explicit modeling of network dynamics, links, antennas, protocols, physical (fading wideband) channels, and traffic. Realistic models of information sources and sinks (such as sensor to shooter) together with scenarios and concept-of-operations (CONOPS) will support C2 concept and technology evaluation, device emulation, and drive interfaces for hardware in-the-loop demonstrations. The simulation framework is based on object-oriented software technology and uses a runtime system for dlstributed high performance computing and networking.

ALPHATECH, INC. 50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-3388 Ronald D. Chaney AF 99-108
Title:	Threat Prediction Fusion
Abstract:	Alphatech proposes an innovative threat prediction fusion engine that will help the battlefield commander develop an accurate assessment of the threat presented by the opposing forces. This assessment of threat will include (1) estimating enemy capabilities, (2) identifying threat opportunities, (3) estimating enemy intent, and (4) determining the levels of danger. ALPHATECH proposes to take a probabilistic approach to threat prediction and will use hierarchical models to create an efficient representation of the battlespace. This hierarchical approach to modeling also facilitates successfully scaling to larger scenarios without adding prohibitive computational costs and without sacrificing model fidelity. ALPHATECH is currently developing hierarchical battlespace models in the AFOSR New World Vistas program. These battlespace state models will process incoming data using algorithms that combine theory from hidden Markov modeling and Bayesian networks. The use of hidden Markov modeling techniques will allow us to accurately project the current battlespace state into the future. Decision trees will be used to predict the threat presented by the opposing forces using the model for the battlespace state. These decision trees can be updated automatically as better models for engagement outcomes become available.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Paul G. Gonsalves AF 99-108
Title:	Intelligent Threat Assessment Processor (ITAP)
Abstract:	The explosive growth of information technology provides a tremendous opportunity for enhancing U.S. military warfighting capabilities. The management and processing of military intelligence information and the requisite assessment of enemy capabilities, intent, and objectives form a critical element of Air Force battlespace operations. Here, we propose an Intelligent Threat Assessment Processor (ITAP). Our novel system integrates a genetic algorithm approach to predicting enemy courses of action (eCOAs), a fuzzy logic-based analysis of predicted eCOAs to infer enemy intent and objectives, and in conjunction with our on-going development of an Intelligent Fusion and Asset Management Processor (IFAMP), provides the necessary functionality to support multi-level data fusion. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing existing Air Force tactical C4I systems and addressing future information dominated battlespace requirements. The Phase I effort will focus on feasibility assessment. We expect to: 1) identify system requirements and define the scope of the effort; 2) formulate and design a prototype ITAP for the requirements and the application scenario; 3) develop a working concept prototype integrated with our IFAMP system; 4) demonstrate its use and assess overall feasibility in a selected tactical battlefield scenario; and 5) develop requirements for follow-on development and product commercialization.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings ParkSuite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Raman Mehra/Dr. Adel AF 99-109
Title:	Fusion Performance Evaluation Based on Multisource-Multitarget Information Theory
Abstract:	The ability to measure an algorithm's competence is a vital part in developing practical systems at all levels of data fusion. This aspect of metrology in data fusion is currently poorly understood and often relies on ad hoc techniques. Fusion algorithms have been developed with sound statistical reasoning but metrics often appear as afterthoughts of the development of particular fusion algorithms. This is true even in Level 1 fusion, where the standard approach is to use metrics which measure some particular ("local") aspect of algorithm's competence. Such metrics often produce more confusion since optimization with respect to one particular local metric can result in algorithm degradation as measured by another iocai metric. In Levels 2, 3, and 4 fusion the situation is even worse: There are few metrics of any kind, ad hoc or otherwise. We believe that a systematic and scientifically defensible approach to data fusion metrology at all levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 is now feasible, based on a direct generalization of Shannon information theory to the multisource-multitarget realm based on finite-set statistics (FISST). This new approach computes mathematical information based on user-defined concepts of "informativeness" even if these concepts are subjective or possibly conflicting. Specific Phase I tasks are: (1) Extend the FISST approach to Levels 2, 3, and 4 fusion performance estimation, (2) Implement prototype information-based metrics software, (3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of the sensor fusion technologies.

DISPLAYTECH, INC. 2602 Clover Basin Drive Longmont, CA 80503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 772-2192 Christopher M. Walker, Ph AF 99-110
Title:	Phase Mask for High Throughput Volumetric Memories
Abstract:	We propose to construct a novel random phase mask that takes advantage of new gray-scale lithography to improve the performance of high throughput volumetric memories. The focus of the effort will be to produce a phase mask prototype during Phase I that can be integrated onto a Displaytech megapixel spatial light modulator to form an optical write head during Phase II. The proposed Phase II device would be capable of around 3 Gbit/sec throughput. Although this is much faster than the capacity of current recording media, its availability will remove another obstacle to constructing high performance volumetric memory systems and will spur the development of better recording media.

RADIANT RESEARCH, INC. 3006 Longhorn BoulevardSuite 105 Austin, TX 78758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 339-0500 Bipin Bihaari, Ph.D. AF 99-110
Title:	Multi-Wavelength Guided-wave Optoelectronic Interconnects for High-throughput Optical Memories
Abstract:	Optical storage systems and memories are emerging rapidly as a solution to address the next generation requirement of high data-density and fast access time, and have created demand for high-speed and large-volume data handling interconnects between optical memory devices and processors. Electrical interconnects fail to keep up with this new demand due to their basic limitations. Optical interconnects and devices inherently offer large bandwidth and hence high-speed operation. Radiant Research, Inc., proposes to construct a multi-wavelength-based interconnect for interfacing optical memories and processors using guided-wave technology in conjunction with VCSELs, Photodiodes, wavelength division (de)multiplexing (W(D)DM) devices and multimode fibers. Employment of the WDDM device significantly increases the aggregate bandwidth to well above 10 Gb/sec while minimizing the latency of data transfer. Furthermore, the employment of an innovative three-dimensionally-tapered waveguide will significantly reduce the system insertion loss and thus achieve high fidelity of data transmission. Experimental result shows that each WDDM wavelength channel can provide 2,500 Gb/sec. Consequently, the projected target of throughput enhancement will be achieved. Important benefits of this approach are significantly improved device performance in the context of data transfer for 3D-optical memory, relaxed fabrication tolerance and reduced cost.

EN GARDE SYSTEMS, INC. 8500 Menaul Blvd NESte A-335 Albuquerque, NM 87112
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 275-8655 Michael Neuman AF 99-111
Title:	Binary Insertion Tool for a Computer Forensics Toolkit
Abstract:	As cyber criminals become more wiley and sophisticated, it becomes necessary to upgrade and improve the tools needed to track and identify them. Consequently, this proposal addresses research needed to prove the feasibility and implement a prototype of a Binary Insertion Tool for Computer Forensics Toolkits. This tool will unobtrusively insert a piece of programing code into an existing program. An insertion of this kind will aid in the identifying and tracking of computer criminals by: (I) inserting "tracking" code into a hacker toolkit that will emit e-mail back to an investigator's account when the toolkit is reactivated, therefore identifying the hacker's activities and whereabouts; (ii) inserting a "tagging virus" into a program that, when dowloaded by a hacker, will tag his machine, therefore creating a concrete piece of physical evidence; and (iii) inserting a "tagging virus" into a hacker toolkit to identify which files, machines, or systems he invades.

HOUSTON ASSOC., INC. 10675 Treena StreetSuite 103 San Diego, CA 92131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 284-8700 David Fraser AF 99-113
Title:	Internet Protocol (IP) Over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Through Narrowband Common Data Link (CDL)
Abstract:	- Investigate the use of currently defined RFC's to facilitate internetworking between airborne platforms and ground-based systems. - Determine if an ATM based solution is viable given the error intolerant nature of ATM and the requirement to re-send an entire IP datagram due to one ATM cell being received in error. - Investigate use of emerging technologies like Mobile IP, Gigabit Ethernet, Firewire, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), IP Multicasting, and Wireless ATM in conjunction with CDL. - Create a testbed to emulate IP based applications and various networking technologies utilizing symmetric and asymmetric CDL links. - Determine the specific parameters necessary to optimize performance of the IP based internetworking over the CDL links. - Determine what modifications to exiting commercial code can be made by vendors that will support communication over the CDL links. - Determine the scope of development effort required to implement new protocols specifically targeted toward reliable transmission of data over asymmetric or symmetric links in noisy environments.

KHORAL RESEARCH, INC. 6200 Uptown Blvd NESuite 200 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 837-6500 Pete Humphrey AF 99-114
Title:	Visual Interactive Programming for Enterprise Research (VIPER)
Abstract:	The need to support collaborative development efforts in the field of modeling and simulation is widely recognized. Although recently developed technologies and systems address this issue, a large number of legacy systems and applications are still in use throughout DoD that are neither inherently collaborative nor easily reusable within collaborative environments. A need, therefore, exists to bring these existing systems and applications into the collaborative environment. The effort proposed here addresses this need by utilizing the Collaborative Enterprise Environment (CEE), currently under development by AFRL, as a platform for extending Advanced Khoros, a powerful software development environment and suite of tools for image and signal processing that has been widely used for the development of DoD M&S applications. The result will be a version of Advanced Khoros that supports collaborative development and component reuse. Key technologies that will make this effort possible include CORBA, the Khoros workspace compiler, and Java. The resulting system, which we call the Visual Interactive Programming for Enterprise Research, or VIPER, will allow Advanced Khoros development tools to operate within a multi-platform collaborative environment and enable existing legacy systems to be used with this environment.

SCS ENGINEERING, INC. 23430 Hawthorne BlvdSuite 240 Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 373-4243 Jerry F. Shaw AF 99-114
Title:	Real-Time Integrated Planner/Player (RIPP)
Abstract:	The development of modern weapon systems requires complex dynamic subsystems that must be coherently developed and integrated. Today technology systems tend to be developed at a technology development facility, tested in collocated test bed facilities, and then flight tested or deployed at another facility. The Real-Time Integrated Planner/Player (RIPP) provides a distributed engineering environment with the capabilities to flight test and/or mission rehearse subsystems and weapon systems directly in their development and integration facilities utilizing a common synthetic battle space. RIPP will provide a Real-Time "Sensor - Decision Maker - Shooter" tool set (self-contained) and development environment that will support single development facilities as well as physically distributed ones. To extensively test a weapon system, the system must be capable of accepting mission scenarios from all candidate test and user communities. All participants must be provided with a common theater/engagement environment. All participants and observers must have the capabilities of viewing In-Cockpit displays, Out-the-Window displays and theater level displays. Planners must be capable of interacting with all planning sites/nodes as well as receive real-time reconnaissance data from RIPP vehicles.

INFO VALLEY CORP. 1027 Valley Forge RoadSuite 83 Devon, PA 19333
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 687-8720 Sakunthala Gnanamgari AF 99-115
Title:	MSUIT - Multiple Simultaneous User Interface Technologies for C4I Systems
Abstract:	Advances in information technologies are significantly impacting present and future military operations. Computer systems are becoming complex for a single user to effectively operate. Multi-user systems seem to have a solution where a team of operators can work simultaneously accessing various types of information. The objective of the project is to study issues and find solution for multi-user interactions with single display systems. InfoValley proposes to study specific needs of user community at the sponsor's lab to understand the requirements clearly and investigate state of the art technologies either available or being developed at the academic institutions and research labs. This pursuit is to identify innovative techniques for supporting multi-user/multi-input interfaces. The desired interface should allow users to simultaneously interact with a large display that is serving as a user interface to various complex systems displaying information to a team of users. Exploration of non-conventional user-interfaces, multi-user applications and their underlying technologies appear to have applicable techniques. Findings of this research effort will be methodologies for concurrent interactions with a complex system, paving the way for developing a middleware component, MSUIT, that can be integrated with an application, transforming single-user/single-input systems into multi-user/multi-input systems.

DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1555 Wilson BoulevardSuite 320 Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 841-0990 Dr. G. Minot Clements AF 99-116
Title:	Mixed Resolution Modeling & Simulation for JWARS C41SR
Abstract:	Dynamics Technology, Inc. will develop a mixed resolution modeling (MRM) framework that supports the "consistent" computation and use of JETARS intel/surveillance/reconnaissance (ISR) information across variable levels of aggregation. This framework transfers information between processes at different resolution levels by passing data through an external process that exploits statistical or other appropriate methods to aggregate/disaggregate information to a form suitable for interrelated models. The approach emphasizes the need to retain essential elements of information used by JWARS across resolution levels. The construction of a such a "resolution interface" has at least three advantages: 1) a statistical characterization of a process leads to well established techniques for maintaining consistency between models operating at different resolutions; 2) it eliminates the need to modify validated legacy models/codes, since the "resolution adjustment" process is constructed as an external interface between models; and 3) the construct of this interface lends itself to implementation as a software object in the High Level Architecture. Phase I research will: 1) define the approach to MRM and demonstrate its feasibility on a simple proof-of-concept model of the JWARS ISR collection process; and 2) determine the detailed requirements for Phase II development of a prototype MRM formalism.

NETWORK DYNAMIC, INC. 128 Wheeler Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 270-4120 Gregory W.W. Diehl AF 99-116
Title:	Stochastic Fidelity Preservation in Mixed Resolution Simulation Modeling
Abstract:	This proposal responds to the stated goals of AF SBIR topic 99-116 entitled "Mixed Resolution Modeling and Simulation for JWARS" by proposing a generic approach for preserving the stochastic fidelity between simulation models having different resolutions. We have been working on hierarchical combat simulation modeling issues for several years and have developed effective and theoretically solid methods for passing information from one resolution level to another. Our Phase I goal is to establish the feasibility of our novel approach through theoretical analysis and demonstrations of prototype models that include a special-purpose neural network.

DANIEL H. WAGNER ASSOC., INC. 2 Eaton StreetSuite 500 Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 727-7700 Dr. Joseph H. Discenza AF 99-117
Title:	Optimal Response Decision Aid for Time Critical Targets
Abstract:	In the proposed research and development effort, Wagner Associates, a long-time leader in data fusion and tactinsl decision aid development, will develop a Time Critical Target Decision Support System (TCTDSS) that will have many desirable qualities. We will use state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques to develop a low cost and highly capable system to augment present capahility against the theater missile threat. Our approach is low in risk because we will build upon our successful systems such as the Surveillance and Search Planning System (SSPS), Anti-Surface Warfare Tactical Decision Aid (ASUWTDA) MELIAN II search decision aid, and Computer-Assisted Search Planning (CASP) decision aid for Search and Rescue. Each of these systems has features and functions developed specifically for a single search and surveillance audience. We will combine the best features of these decision aids into a single program that will be immediately applicable to the TCT target problem, be supported on multiple platforms, and be easy to learn and use. We will also target the package to commercial and other government customers as an affordable alternative to limited-audience, custom-developed search packages.

ECLECTIC COMPUTING CONCEPTS, INC. 2222 W. Spring Creek ParkwaySuite 207 Plano, TX 75023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 964-2655 Robert Bechtel, Ph.D. AF 99-117
Title:	Time Critical Command and Control Decision Aid
Abstract:	A critical element in the prosecution of time critical targets (TCTs) is the identification, selection, and prioritization of TCT search regions and actual targets. Since search resources, weapons platforms, and weapons must be allocated between various mission needs and can be expected to be scarce in future conflicts, care must be taken to ensure that all targets are nominated, prioritized, and tasked carefully. Timely exploitation of national intelligence products at the theater level, advanced sensing and processing concepts, intelligence processing and exploitation, and the rapid application of command and control to support time critical operations are required to ameliorate the threat from TCTs. ECC proposes to investigate the requirements for combined arms TCT Command and Control (C2). ECC will first conduct research in new tools and techniques for situation analysis, planning, resource allocation, and execution monitoring in near real time. Based on this research and its expertise in targeting, mission planning, data fusion, and situation assessment/visualizaton, ECC will develop a prototype Time Critical Target C2 Decision Aid (TC2DA) which could become a segment of the Joint Targeting Toolbox (JTT) system currently under development to AFRL.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(409) 260-5274 Madhav Erraguntla, Ph.D. AF 99-119
Title:	Knowledge Discovery Wizard (KDWizard)
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project will design and develop an innovative framework for knowledge discovery that addresses the technical challenges commonly found in today's exploratory knowledge discovery-systems. The framework will encompass the overall knowledge discovery process starting with the definition of the problem to the delivery of valuable decision support information to the end user. The proposed "life cycle" approach to knowledge discovery will be validated by designing, developing, and demonstrating an integrated toolkit called the Knowledge Discovery Wizard (KDWizard). The key innovative feature of this proposed solution is that it provides advanced mechanisms to combine a variety of techniques and tools including soft-computing paradigms (such as neural networks, fuzzy-logic, and genetic algorithms), computational statistics, and a catalogue of reasoning mechanisms within a single unifying framework to deliver robust decision support capabilities. Unique contributions include i)novel mechanisms to combine data-driven machine learning techniques with an ontology-driven knowledge based systems approach, and ii) novel adaptive mechanisms that enable the knowledge discovery system to monitor itself and improve its performance over an extended period of time.v The expected product of this research effort, when commercially viable, will reduce the kind of effort and expertise required in developing automated knowledge discovery applications to address complex real world problems.

MOUNTAIN WAVE, INC. 6542 Tucker Avenue McLean, VA 22101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 790-7295 Bob Ller/Juanita Koilpill AF 99-121
Title:	Intrusion Detection and Monitoring of Large-Scale Networks
Abstract:	Mountain Wave proposes to develop an adaptive intrusion delection and monitoring framework that enables the timely response to network faults and IW attacks, and will decrease the manpower and expertise required to manage large-scale networks. The framework will provide the rules of engagement by which components and agents will work together to meet the above objectives. The framework will be designed to provide a simple means of controlling the configuration and monitoring of heterogeneous sets of COTS intrusion detection and network security management tools based upon definition of high-level policy statements. A single, unified human computer interface will be applied for both control of COTS tool configuration and for automatic aggregation and correlation of large quantities of real-time events flowing in from these tools. The resulting software set will offer the potential for unprecedented levels of sophistication in automated intrusion detection and incident tracking and interdiction. The framework will: - Use existing standards-based management platforms, intrusion detection systerns, and security tools, - Substantially reduce the training and workload of network security managers, - Facilitate rapid and easy communication to command and control personnel, - Scale to accommodate large-scale networks and detect long-term trends that indicate attacks and/or impending failures.

ENKIA CORP. P. O. Box 250716 Atlanta, GA 30325
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 351-4574 Anthony G. Francis, Jr. AF 99-122
Title:	IRIA: Information Research Intelligent Assistant
Abstract:	We propose to develop an intelligent research assistant system for harvesting and display of knowledge from the World Wide Web. The proposed application, IRIA (Internet Research Intelligent Assistant), aids and automates a user's search for information by autonomously querying multiple knowledge resources, by organizing and presenting information as it is found, by modifying and extending the ongoing search based on unobtrusive inspection of user browsing, and by integrating data from research sessions into a knowledge base of relevant information resources. IRIA employs a human-like model of knowledge-base search, traversing a semantic map of available information resources in an autonomous and context-sensitive way. Innovative machine learning techniques are then applied to collate and analyze retrieved information for presentation to the user. The combination of these two techniques allows both "fire and forget" web search, in which the system collects and analyzes information offline, and "incremental" web search, in which user browsing of retrieved pages is used to automatically adjust the search in a context-sensitive way. The results of these searches and user responses are stored in the semantic map, both to improve the results of future queries and to provide a searchable directory to the information resources available.

CYMFONY NET, INC. 5500 Main StreetSuite 206 Williamsville, NY 14221
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-9114 Wei Li AF 99-123
Title:	Flexible Information Extraction Learning Algorithm
Abstract:	This task seeks to develop a prototype system for information extraction (IE) by effectively employing statistical learning techniques. Statistical learning algorithms represent a "cutting edge" approach to tasks involving natural language processing. Currently, their use has been restricted to shallow extraction tasks such as named entity tagging. This research will focus on developing a hierarchical, modular system for high-level event extraction. These are characterized as meaningful relationships between entities; these relationships could be contained within sentence boundaries, or span the entire text. A unique, hybrid approach, combining the best of both paradigms, namely, statistical learning and rule-based systems using finite state transducers (FST) is proposed. The latter has the advantage of being intuitive as well as efficient. However, knowledge acquisition is laborious and incomplete, especially when domain portability is involved. Statistical learning techniques address this deficiency by automated learning from an annotated corpus. Statistical techniques such as Hidden Markov Models, transformation-based learning and grammar induction will be employed. The final deliverable includes (i) a working prototype of intermediate-level extraction for multiple relationships between entities; and (ii) a feasibility demonstration of high-level event extraction based on (i), as well as new algorithms that will be developed.

ALPHATECH, INC. 50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-3388 Eric K. Jones, Ph.D. AF 99-124
Title:	Knowledge-Based Support for Time Critical Targeting
Abstract:	Targeting of units supporting Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBMs) requires rapid, accurate, continuous Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB). Key steps of this process include identifying areas of interest where enemy activity may occur, and analyzing enemy activities at these areas to determine enemy courses of action and identify time critical targets. This proposal explores a knowledge based approach to providing automated support for these steps. Knowledge bases provide rapid access to and reasoning over large quantities of battlespace information. We will develop algorithms that exploit this information to refine hypotheses of enemy courses of action (COAs), identify IPB areas of interest, and identify patterns of enemy activity. Key technical challenges include developing knowledge base representations of the battlespace and enemy activity, correlating enemy COAs with these representations to identify IPB areas of interest, and identifying physical patterns of activity within large quantities of intelligence data. In phase I, we demonstrate the feasibility of artificial intelligence for representing and reasoning about the battlespace, and probabilistic inferencing for matching activity to templates of enemy behavior. Phase II will implement tools that can be integrated with existing systems.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings ParkSuite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Joao B.D. Cabrera AF 99-126
Title:	Data Classification and Data Clustering Algorithms for Intrusion Detection in Computer Networks
Abstract:	The overall objective of the effort (Phase I and Phase II) is to develop a data classification and clustering algorithm especially tailored for intrusion detection in information systems. In the course of the Phase I effort we will investigate the use of Temporal Sequence Learning for the design of anomaly detectors/classifiers based on Machine Learning, Statistical Pattern Recognition, and Genetic Algorithms. The TSL approach transforms temporal sequences of discrete, unordered observations into a metric space via a similarity measure that encodes intra-attribute dependencies. Once working in a metric space with moderate dimensionality, the whole machinery of data classification can then be applied. For developing and testing of the algorithms we will utilize the dataset prepared by the Information Systems Technology Group of MIT Lincoln Laboratory. BBN Technologies will provide consulting in the areas of network security and intrusion. Prof. Carla E. Brodley (COAST group - Purdue) will support us in the area of anomaly detection for computer security.

LINCOM CORP. 300 West Main Street Northboro, MA 01532
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 393-6959 Jerome L. Schonhoff AF 99-127
Title:	Adaptive Data Rate Control
Abstract:	In this Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase I proposal LinCom Corporation describes how state-of-the-art coding and modulation techniques can be used to increase the data rate on the Space Ground Link System (SGLS). LinCom describes how punctured Turbo Codes can be concatenated with Reed-Solomon Codes to provide coding gains for increased data throughput for those SGLS links that are power limited. For the SGLS links that are band limited, LinCom identifies how bandwidth efficient modulations such as Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) can be used to increase throughput. Together these techniques can double the data rate for the SGLS carrier 2 downlink. Finally, LinCom presents an innovative technique for seamlessly modifying coding/data rate by using coding to directly measure link performance. This technique allows data rate to vary as link conditions change.

SYGENEX, INC. 15446 Bel-Red RoadSuite 450 Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 523-2166 James Hawker AF 99-128
Title:	ATM Network Modlule for Satellite Tool Kit (STK)
Abstract:	We propose to create a design for an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Network module for the commercially available analysis tool, Satellite Tool Kit (STK) made by Analytical Graphics, Inc. This module will facilitate an architecture analysis of mobile, and therefore wireless, ATM networks (including space-based networks). Models will be based on currently available ATM Forum and ITU algorithms and specifications (such as Quality of Service [QoS] parameters) to the extent that they do not require actual modeling of individual packets or cells. The design will primarily use statistical and analytical models for the network data. The proposed effort will include a software description and design for 2D/3D visualization, graphs, plots, Call Admission Control algorithms, resource allocation algorithms, routing algorithms, and user interface screens using STK's Programmer's Library. The software will initially be designed for a PC, but could be ported to UNIX workstations by creating Motif user interface screens at a later time. The Phase I effort is only to design the module. The Phase II effort, if we are invited and win, will actually generate and test the softwsro for tho ATM Network module for STK.

VIASAT 2290 Cosmos Court Carlsbad, CA 92009
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 438-7210 Mark Johnson AF 99-129
Title:	Reduced Complexity Receivers for GMSK Modulation
Abstract:	Maximizing the use of available frequency spectrum is crucial for both military and commercial systems today. The class of waveforms called Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) signaling, with Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) as a specific instantiation, have been shown to be highly efficient in both spectral and power use. Such time-bandwidth efficient receivers are typically very complex, however, particularly when real-world effects are taken into account. Reduced complexity implementations are required for any practical applications of these waveforms. A recent, novel approach to time-bandwidth efficiency utilizing Per Survivor Processing (PSP) offers the opportunity to achieve large capacity improvements in real-world environments (including interference/jamming, dynamics, multipath, and channel non-linearities) while simultaneously reducing implementation complexity. PSP will be combined with other reduced complexity techniques to provide a highly efficient, yet practical design. In addition to analysis, simulation, and architecture development, a hardware demonstration of key aspects of the derived approach will be supplied.

VIASAT 2290 Cosmos Court Carlsbad, CA 92009
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 438-7210 Mark Miller AF 99-130
Title:	Turbo Code Decoders
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I effort is the design of a flexible Codec (COder/DECoder) based upon the theory in recent literature termed "Turbo Codes". The Codec shall be applicable for ground base equipment as well as be space qualified to enable incorporation into future space segments. The objective of this multi-phase SBIR is to develop and demonstrate the Turbo codec in an existing product such as our VM-300 UHF satcom terminal. Both Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Codes (PCCC) and Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes (SCCC) will be considered during the effort. The main Codec parameters, such as encoder architecture, encoder polynomial, interleaver type and size, and iterative decoding algorithms and architectures will be evaluated against performance measures such as BER, block error rate, throughput delay, and packet sizes. The set, or sets, of Codec parameters which are best suited to the Government's candidate multimedia applications; such as e-mail, video conferencing, and internet applications; will be chosen for realization in a Turbo Coded ASIC.

PREDICTION SYSTEMS, INC. 309 Morris AvenueSuite G Spring Lake, NJ 07762
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 449-6800 Kenneth Irvine AF 99-132
Title:	High Throughput Terminal/CDMA Modem for Satellite Communications
Abstract:	Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is currently being applied to satellite technology to support communications requiring large areas of remote coverage. CDMA technology can be used to provide cost-effective satellite network communications by increasing throughput capacity and providing better signal quality. Spreading the signal using CDMA also provides inherent military advantages such as secure communications and denying enemy attacks such as jamming, ranging, and direction finding. It is very desirable to develop CDMA based systems that can be implemented using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) available hardware components. Within this proposal, PSI proposes the development of a CDMA Satellite Modem Design Facility that can be used to design and analyze CDMA technology for use over satellite systems. This simulation facility can be used to optimize the implementation of CDMA satellite modems to support military communications on the bafflefield as well as other comrnunication requirements that cannot be supported by terrestrial communications. The facility will also be able to support the stimulation of CDMA modem prototypes as they are developed. This technology is also being sought by the commercial sector. The Design Facility can be used by commercial providers of satellite services to optimize the use of their systems. Maximizing the performance of satellite system usage will reduce the number of satellites that need to be launched. This will greatly reduce setup and operation costs as well as reduce the depletion of available satellite orbits.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Engineering & Products Div20600 Gramercy Place, Bl Torrance, C 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Andrew Kostrzewski, Ph.D. AF 99-133
Title:	Frame Management Video Hypercompression
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop an innovative compression technique that combines high compression ratio (4,000:1, for NTSC/VGA), high image quality, and low internal system latency. The compression ratio is at least 10 times higher than current technology. The proposed Frame Management Video Hypercompression (FMVH) is a soft computing (information theory) algorithm and runs on the newest IC chip-sets (graphic ICs: 12-layer; 3.3 V power supply; 256 processors in parallel). It will enhance Air Force C3 capabilities with live video and multi-media (video, audio, data), transmitting TV through 64 kbps telephone communication channels; continuous video imagery (T1 and fraction T1); low latency (<250 ms total); operator-transparent remote-controlled by RS232 visual communication with a sensor; very low bandwidth (<8 kbps) by "cartooning," 3 hour flash memory storage of video; real-time motion picture communication with AWACS, operational aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, UGVs, etc., "last moment" surface/aerial target updating; and real-time damage assessment. While Phase I efforts will focus on demonstrating the feasibility of a frame management hypercompression (FMVH) narrowband channel communication system, Phase II will be expanded to a full FMVH preproduction system prototype; including software, chipset hardware, with a physical layer and user application layer adapted to a specific Air Force communication network.

BCL COMPUTERS 19925 Stevens Creek BoulevardSuite 126 Cupertino, CA 95014
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 973-7218 Hassan Alam AF 99-134
Title:	Spoken Language Generic User Interface
Abstract:	BCL proposes investigating SpoKen Language input for a Generlc User Interface (SLGUI) to computer systems. The BCL SLGUI system would serve as an infrastructure that would allow end-users to use normal day-to-day spoken language to interact with existing off-the-shelf applications with minimal training. In its Phase I work, after investigating how BCL's existing spoken language technology can be integrated with the Air Force's research in generic user interfaces under the GESIA, PESKI, and IeDEA projects, BCL proposes demonstrating a prototype version of the SLGUI. The goal of the demonstration is to explore the feasibility of incorporating spoken language input into existing Air Force applications such as the Interactive Datawall and the Virtual Reality Helmet. BCL's spoken language input system is currently under development on an SBIR contract from DARPA.

INTELLIGENT INVESTMENTS, INC. First Flight Venture CenterP. O. Box 12069 Research Triangle, NC 27709
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 274-3316 David Goldstein, Ph.D. AF 99-134
Title:	Knowledge Reuse in Intelligent Cooperative Interface Agents (KRICIA)
Abstract:	Intelligent User interface agents have demonstrated promise for reducing operator workload and improving visualization of tasks for 20 years. Intelligent user interface agents can automate routine tasks or highlight critical phenomena. Their chief failures include dependence upon 1) platform, 2) domain, or 3) task. Intelligent Investments proposes KRICIA, which will capture operator behaviors related to virtually any task, form user profiles based upon pretesting a population in any domain, and operate on any platform. The proposed work utilizos all open architecture facilitating extensible interoperahlc agcnts. Thc variety of agcnts include: I. Wrappers 2. Task-specific servers 3. Visualization agents. The proposed system will adapt to data from existing, emerging, and forthcoming external software (e.g., CTA software). The proposed system guarantees level 3 Common Operating Environment (Dll COE) compliance, and is anticipated to far exceed this threshold level. Our staff will demonstrate the capability on small-scale prototypes on multiple systems during Phase I and a Phase 11 visualization prototype suitable for transition to the Rome Laboratory lnteractive Data Wall.

CYCORP, INC. 3721 Executive Center DriveSuite 100 Austin, TX 78731
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-4001 Dr. Douglas Lenat AF 99-136
Title:	Using Cyc(R) Tech to Create an Intelligent Web Assistant
Abstract:	Investigate the use of Cyc(R) large common sense knowledge base technology to improve the precision and accuaracy of web search assistants. Keyword- and synonym-based web searchers are limited in their ability to locate and integrate relevant documents, as they rely on statistical word frequency rather than actual understanding. In contrast, Cyc's semantic approach will allow a web assistant to filter unwanted documents that happen to mention the keywords, to locate relevant documents that do not use the keywords or their synonyms, and to semantically combine the retrieved documents for presentation to the user. The heart of this approach is the creation of metadata, either automatically from the text of the source documents or semi-automatically via a natural-language dialogue tool.

KNOWLEDGELINK INTERACTIVE, INC. 901 Elkridge Landing RdSuite 350 Linthicum, MD 21090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 684-3800 Dr. Kathleen Romanik AF 99-136
Title:	Precision Web Searching
Abstract:	A revolutionary method for precision web searching will be developed and tested. The new method combines knowledge bases of meta-data with a unified searching strategy and intelligent filtering and processing of results. It uses three innovative techniques, called knowledge links, search wizards, and distillation, to achieve superior searching precision over existing methods. A prototype of this method, called Knowledge Extractor (KnExt), will be tested on a combination of the entire web using multiple search engines and "hidden" web sites, the former IBM infoMarket, commercial databases and news-feeds (including Dialog, NewsEdge, Lexis-Nexis and Dow Jones), and private information stored in Excalibur's RetrievalWare, Lotus Notes, Documentum, Verity's Information Server, and Oracle databases. Experiments will be conducted to identify the most useful extensions to the knowledge base and the best natural language and artificial intelligence techniques to integrate into the distillation process to improve the searching precision of the prototype.

ARROWLLOGICS CORP. 848 Corvallis Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 795-7027 Y.V. Srinivas AF 99-137
Title:	Flexible Integration of Complex Systems
Abstract:	The project objective is to create an environment for formally specifying, composing, and refining software systems at the architecture level. These capabilities will extend our formal design infrastructure, Quiver, whose development is ongoing. Integration of large systems is difficult and expensive. A one-time solution to integration, such as glue code, is not sufficient: components evolve, invariably leading to incompatibilities and new interface requirements. We propose a comprehensive solution to this problem via the use of formally defined interfaces that capture enough semantics to allow correct integration of components and software architectures, formally represented as coherent collections of components that allow system refinement and evolution. Our approach introduces formality incrementally into the integration process: only parts relevant to specific integration issues need be formalized. In other words, system measures such as evolvability will be proportional to the degree of formalization. This flexible incremental approach to the integration problem provides a valuable opportunity to demonstrate the efficacy of formal methods in large-scale software systems. The innovative aspects of our technology lies in the creative combination of concepts from several mathematical disciplines; the realization of the combined theoretical framework using leading-edge, mainstream technologies; and the visual interface to the semantic design structures.

EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC. 2161 Blanton Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(374) 330-0477 Dr. Praveen Chawla AF 99-138
Title:	A Partitioner for ULSI Synthesis Engineering (PAUSE)
Abstract:	EDAptive Computing, Inc. (EDAptive) and Dr. Ranga Vemuri of the University of Cincinnati (UC) present a unique and commercially-viable solution to the problem of implementing ULSI ASIC system functionality using VHDL-level partitioning. Our PArtitioner for ULSI Synthesis Engineering (PAUSE) program will apply innovative genetic partitioning algorithms to solve this problem. Given functional or structural specifications in VHDL at various levels of abstraction (behavioral, RTL, or gate) and multichip constraints (pinout, die speed, multichip packaqe speed, die area, multichip package area, timing constraints including clock speed and throughput), our proposed partitioning tool will generate a partitioned multichip design meeting those constraints in VHDL. In this proposal we present a focused approach to establish feasibility of our partitioning algorithms in Phase I, and to (1) prove the concept through interaction with synthesis tools to partition high-level design in VHDL, and (2) prepare for technology transition in Phase II. The major Phase I results will be (1) A Demonstration of critical design aspects, and (2) A Final Report documenting all the investigations, decisions, findings, commercialization strategy, and demonstrations occurring during the Phase I program.

EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC. 2161 Blanton Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 433-0477 Dr. Praveen Chawla AF 99-139
Title:	A Command, Control, and Communications (C3) Enhanced Network Technology Simulation (CENTS)
Abstract:	EDAptive Computing, Inc., Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, and Dr. Robert Klenke of the Virginia Commonwealth University present a unique and commercially-viable solution to the problem of effectively modeling C3 networks to ensure optimal performance is obtained through design and implementation. Our C3 Enhanced Network Technology Simulation (CENTS) program will apply proven and viable performance modeling techniques, developed by the electronic design automation industry, to the problem of accurately modeling the performance of C3. Specifically, we propose to use the VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) as the standard modeling language. Upon this VHDL foundation we would develop a GUI set in the C3 user's context, so that the VHDL engine would function transparently under the C3 analyst's command. To this VHDL foundation we would connect an HLA interface to permit access to models in other formats, including legacy models. Further, we will leverage AFRL-sponsored Advanced Collaborative Engineering Environment for Electronic Design (ACEED) program to create a collaborative simulation environment, thereby including models in remote locations. The major Phase I results will be (1) A Demonstration of critical design aspects, and (2) A Final Report documenting all the investigations, decisions, findings, commercialization strategy, and demonstrations occurring during the Phase I program.

GNOSYS, INC. 92 Poplar Street Watertown, MA 02742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 924-8342 James Panagos AF 99-140
Title:	Immersive Wargamer
Abstract:	Imagine the opportunity to change history. The countless times the Battle of Waterloo or the Battle of Gettysburg have been reeisited in detail to identify the pivotal engagement that has altered the course of events. Recent technological developments have enabled the construction of an engine by which history can be explored, critical factors of military science identified, and the nature of conflict understood. This engine will be the Gnosys Wargamer in which the user will be immersed in clashes of history exploring and influencing outcomes as they are replayed in a realistic, synthetic environment. The Gnosys Wargamer will promote team building and unit cohesion and additionally promote research into the concept of "dynamic campaign assessment" and otherwise allow for the realistic simulation of the "fog of war."

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 1660 S. Amphlett BoulevardSuite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 655-7242 Daniel Fu AF 99-140
Title:	Intelligent Coordination and Control for Immersive Wargaming
Abstract:	We propose an innovative combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in the design of an intelligent coordination and control system. By drawing on our experience with autonomous agents, mobile robotics, planning, and behavior modeling we have devised an integrated approach that will demonstrate complex behavior in the face of adversity. Specifically, we propose to build intelligent agents at the entity-level that will (1) act in a goal-directed manner, (2) exploit available knowledge of the domain to embark on appropriate courses of action, (3) coordinate with fellow agents, and (4) anticipate adversarial actions and circumvent them. The agents will function as entity-level simulation and be initially instructed by a higher-level commander who devises a solution to a situation. We will prove the feasibility of our approach by developing and demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in Phase I.

PREDICTION SYSTEMS, INC. 309 Morris AvenueSuite G Spring Lake, NJ 07762
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 449-6800 William C. Cave AF 99-141
Title:	Defensive Information Operations Planning Tool
Abstract:	PSI has evolved an approach for developing automated tools rapidly. It is directly applicable to the development of an IS planning tool to minimize vulnerabilities and corresponding risks to operations, and interfaces with existing equipment security monitors and agents running autonomously or cooperatively. PSI's new technology affords implementation on a laptop computer, providing sufficient speeds of computation and graphics to accommodate the hardware-in-the-loop functional capabilities required for real-time data acquisition, simulation, and optimization. Given operational plans for deploying an Information System (IS), a simulation of the IS can be constructed in the field using graphical icons depicting parameterized models tailored to specific scenarios to be represented. IS planners can construct the simulation by interconnecting icons representing IS nodes and links that the planner understands. Models of threats can be used to assess vulnerabilities of the system to various attacks. Planners can determine how the IS architecture can be improved to reduce vulnerabilities and predetermine best courses of action to counter an attack. The tool can be plugged into operationally deployed systems to capture real-time data on IS architecture changes, malfunctions or suspected intrusions/attacks, and set off alarms to summon the planner.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP. 2300 Windy Ridge ParkwaySuite 400 South Atlanta, GA 30339
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 859-9161 Peter Sholander AF 99-142
Title:	Media and Medium Control (IP)
Abstract:	Ad-hoc networking encompasses communication environments with highly reconfigurable topology. This model is well suited for military communications. Previous work in this area concentrated on either data or voice commu-nications, without an attempt to integrate the different traffic types. Multimedia communications is a central mode of operation for many of today's applications, both for military and commercial markets. For instance, projects such as Global Awareness or Digitized Battlefield require many different and differing traffic streams to be conveyed over the same tactical network. These different traffic streams are characterized by different requirements, such as delay, jitter, bit error rate, outage probability, etc. Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics attached to different traffic types, and effective methods for utilizing these metrics in routing and multimedia algorithms, do not yet provide adequate solutions to these problems. This proposal addresses exactly this issue - provision of QoS in the ad-hoc communication environment to support multimedia traffic. In particular, we will study: 1) QoS needs and requirements for DoD's tactical applications, 2) previously proposed and implemented schemes to support QoS in both fixed and wireless networks, 3) incorporation of QoS parameters into ad-hoc networks, 4) effective link-sensing techniques for QoS-based routing, and 5) how Alternate Path Routing can be employed within ad-hoc networks.

APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 4300 San Mateo Boulevard, N.E.Suite A220 Albuquerque, NM 97110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 878-0018 Peter H. Mills AF 99-143
Title:	An XML-Based DII-COE Component Framework
Abstract:	We propose to develop an XML-based distributed component framework for DII-COE as a means to enabling the seamless composition and interoperation of components from diverse distributed component platforms (DCP's) such as CORBA, DCOM, and RMI. The key features of our approach are a unified notation for the specification of component interfaces (a meta-IDL) together with automated tools and techniques which map this high-level specification into existing DCP infrastructures in such a way as to support the assembly of components from any DCP and the guided use of bridges for cross-DCP interoperation. A key facet of our approach is the use of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) as the basis for the meta-IDL. The design of the component framework will be driven by the demonstration of a DII-COE-compliant application which uses DCOM, CORBA, and Java based components and, in Phase II, the demonstration of its bridging cross diverse DCP's. The use of distributed component technologies is, we posit, vital to the DII-COE framework for software reuse and interoperability, and nascent bridges have great potential in enabling a unified component framework. Our efforts seek to fill the gaps in the seamless use of these vital technologies, and will have significant impact in the realization of a distributed component architecture for defense systems that leverages commercial standards.

METSS CORP. 720 G Lakeview Plaza Blvd Columbus, OH 43085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 842-6600 Dr Kenneth J. Heater AF 99-145
Title:	Low Temperature Compression Set Resistant O-Ring Materials
Abstract:	Materials used in the construction of aircraft hydraulic and fuel systems o-rings must provide long term performance in aggressive chemical environments over a wide range of temperatures and loads. Current o-ring materials, while chemically compatible with existing aircraft fuels and hydraulic fluids, are subject to both low temperature and high temperature performance deficiencies and failure. New o-ring materials are needed that exhibit good low temperature performance characteristics at -40 degrees F, with a preference for -65 degrees F performance, while maintaining durability and service life requirements at operating temperatures up to 250 degrees F in fuels systems and 275 degrees F in hydraulic systems. Under the Phase I program, METSS will demonstrate the technical feasibility of using available material technologies to develop low temperature compression set resistant o-ring materials for use in aircraft hydraulic and fuel systems. The program plan presented by METSS will build on recent developments in rubber chemistry that have resulted in the extension of performance properties at both low and high temperatures. While the major program challenge, and hence emphasis, is addressing low temperature performance and service requirements, selected materials must perform over a broad temperature range in very aggressive chemical environments. As such, these factors will be of equal consideration in the selection of candidate replacement materials.

EEONYX CORP. 750 BELMONT WAY PINOLE, CA 94564
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 741-3632 Dr. Jamshid Avlyanov AF 99-146
Title:	Development of Static Dissipative Hard Laminate Surfaces
Abstract:	The melamine formaldehyde laminates are known to be most suitable for the production of hard and long-lasting working surfaces. These laminates are typically produced at high pressure using a heated press at about 150 degrees C for 20 to 30 minutes. It is suspected that, when using traditional fillers, the high surface resistance of the very topmost layer may be a key to poor static dissipative performance. Being more compatible with the resin than traditional conductive fillers, ICP additives should improve the conductivitiy of the working surfaces mainly due to enhanced additive/resin dispersion. Using specially generated criteria the ICP additives suitable for the task will be selected and designed. Initial laboratory tests will be used for screening of pre-selected (commercially available and custom synthesized at Eeonyx Corporation) ICP additives. The ICP additives will be first tested for compatibility (dispersion) with the MF resin. Secondly, experimental laminates will be formed and tested for electrical and mechanical performance. Several routes will be investigated. One of the ways to improve the dispersion of the additive and the mechanical integrity of the laminate surfaces will be chemical bonding of the ICP additive with the MF resin.

METSS CORP. 720 G LAKEVIEW PLAZA BLVD. COLUMBUS, OH 43085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 842-6600 Dr. Kenneth J. Heater AF 99-146
Title:	Development of Static Dissipative Hard Laminate Surfaces
Abstract:	Current materials used for static discharge applications in hard worksurface laminates do not provide the required levels of charge dissipation under all conditions. The need exists for an integrated conductive laminate system that enables static charge to be safely and effectively dissipated from equipment and components placed in contact with the worksurface, thereby affording ESD protection to equipment and personnel. Although current laminates possess satisfactory electrical resistivity, efficient charge dissipation has been hampered by the inability of the systems to overcome the small contact area between equipment and hard worksurfaces in conditions of low humidity. Under the proposed program, METSS will investigate incorporating recent advances in nanophase materials processing, polymer blend technology, and polymer synthesis techniques to create improved technologies for hard laminate worksurfaces. Nanophase additives and/or careful control of polymer blending conditions with compatibilizers offer the potential to maximize the amount of conductive phase in the resin yet minimize additive weight and volume, thereby providing homogeneous and stable ESD protection beyond that currently available without adversely effecting mechanical properties. METSS is uniquely qualified to develop the new laminate system, possessing the necessary expertise in polymers and polymer processing, testing and evaluation of composite materials and expertise and practical experience in developing advanced additives for resin systems and formulating resins with advanced properties.

SUPERIOR MICROPOWDERS LLC 3740 HAWKINS NE ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-1492 Mr. Audunn Ludviksson AF 99-147
Title:	Selective and Dry Nickel-Based Superalloy Etch Process
Abstract:	Current gas turbines and turbine components utilize robust Ni-based superalloys. Harsh operating conditions such as corrosive environments and high temperatures result in superalloy fatigue and failure due in part to fractured (cracked) surfaces and subsequent oxide film growth, all detrimental to critical parts performance and longevity. For these reasons, there is a strong need to develop a super-alloy oxide removal method allowing for failure analysis testing and routine cleaning of Ni-based superalloy structures. Through this Phase I effort, SMP plans on developing a selective, dry chemical etching process. This process will have the ability to selectively dry etch superalloy oxide films from the internal fracture surface while leaving the non-oxidized metal alloy surface untouched. SMP plans to utilize its experience in chemical processing and precursor design to develop novel, tailored chemical approaches for superalloy oxide etching. The successful completion of this effort will result in an etching methodology which affords an opportunity to conduct failure analysis experiments and routine cleaning of critical Ni-based superalloy systems.

ULTRAMET 12173 MONTAGUE STREET PACOIMA, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Dr. Alfred A. Zinn AF 99-147
Title:	Novel Room Temperature Method for Rapid In-Situ Removal of Oxide Layers from Superalloy Surfaces
Abstract:	The failure analysis of nickel superalloy gas turbines and rocket components is plagued by a major problem: the masking of the unprotected fracture surfaces by thin oxide films formed during operation of the system. Such oxide films mask the fracture surfaces and make them very difficult, if not impossible, to analyze. Current fracture surface cleaning techniques (acetate film replication and plasma etching) are inadequate for removal of the oxide films and preservation of the fracture surface respectively. Inhibited chemical etchants to remove oxide films from steels have been developed to preserve the base metal during pickling in the manufacturing processes. No similar process is required during nickel superalloy production and, therefore, no such inhibitor has been developed to date. In this project, Ultramet proposes to use activated atomic hydrogen gas to rapidly remove all the oxide ions from superalloy fracture surfaces, thus producing exclusively water as a byproduct and reducing the metal ions back to the metal. The proposed two approaches are universally applicable to almost any metal/metal oxide surface.

ATMI, INC. 7 COMMERCE DRIVE DANBURY, CT 06810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 794-1100 Mr. Paul V. Chayka AF 99-148
Title:	Integration of On-Line Sensors with the CVD Fiber-Coating Process
Abstract:	This research project addresses a major processing obstacle to the development and commercialization of high temperature ceramic and metal matrix composites (CMC/MMC) for both military and industrial applications. Interface coatings are required to avoid reaction between fiber and matrix portions of the composites, thereby permitting translation of the fiber reinforcing characteristics to the matrix component. The lack of adequate control over the coating of fibers by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) continues to hinder progress in this field. Appropriate process sensors are a necessity in pursuing real process control and, ultimately, intelligent processing. In a prior Phase 2 program, funded by the Air Force, ATMI identified several combined FTIR techniques that provided excellent diagnostic capabilities for the CVD fiber coating process. ATMI also made significant progress in establishing the hardware and software infrastructure necessary to integrate such sensors into the process. Although several FTIR tools were purchased, their integration with the process remains to be performed. ATMI will integrate FTIR tools, for on-line gas and coating analysis, with its computer-controlled CVD fiber coating process. Key features of the FTIR spectra from the exhaust gas and/or the coatings will be related to specific input parameters and a simple model will be constructed. In Phase II, the model will be expanded and used to establish closed-loop control over the CVD process, guided by a computer-run algorithm.

UES, INC. 4401 DAYTON-XENIA ROAD DAYTON, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-1319 Dr. Bhaskar Majumdar AF 99-148
Title:	Advanced Thermal Barrier Coating
Abstract:	Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) offer significant military and commercial cost savings to the turbine industry. However, the benefits have not been realized yet, largely because of inadequate reliability and low thermal cycles to failure. The biggest problem lies with oxidation of the metallic bond-coat. UES proposes to use a patented filtered cathodic arc deposition system to produce a novel TBC system of high performance. The proposed approach involves depositing a 5 um MCrAlY layer on the superalloy substrate, followed by deposition of a high quality Y-doped alumina coating of 0.5 - 1 um thickness. Processing parameters will be controlled to obtain primarily alpha-alumina, whose main purpose is to drastically reduce oxidation of the underlying metal. The alumina will be coated with yttria stabilized zirconia using the electron beam physical vapor deposition method. In Phase I, we shall concentrate on obtaining a durable alumina layer, that also retards oxide scale formation of the underlying metal. Oxidation tests will be performed to measure its response to isothermal and cyclic exposures. Successful evidence of these capabilities will provide justification for a Phase II effort. The program involves teaming with Chromalloy, a major TBC manufacturer, who would like to install UES's equipment on successful demonstration of the program.

DWA ALUMINUM COMPOSITES 21130 SUPERIOR STREET CHATSWORTH, CA 91311
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 998-1504 Mr. Cory A. Smith AF 99-150
Title:	Affordable Nanophase Aluminum for Launch Vehicle Propulsion
Abstract:	Nanophase aluminum alloys are powder metallurgy aluminum alloys processed to provide very fine grain size, high strength, ductility, and toughness. The high strength is due to the combined contributions of fine grain size, alloying, and deformation substructure. Rocketdyne initiated a nanophase aluminum development effort in 1992 to provide alternatives to titanium for high-pressure hydrogen propulsion systems for launch vehicles, with the potential advantages of higher performance, lighter weight, and improved reliability. The baseline nanophase process developed by Rocketdyne, although capable of producing the nanophase aluminum required to support property data generation and prototype hardware fabrication, is not cost effective for commercial production. The Phase I program proposed by DWA Aluminum Composites seeks to establish a foundation for nanophase aluminum cost reduction by 1) demonstrating a flash degas process that will significantly reduce canned powder degas cycles, 2) showing that conventional hot pressing can be used to produce fully dense nanophase aluminum billets thereby eliminating the need for costly degas/HIP cans and HIP processing, and 3) that a process simplification is achievable through integration of the copper extrusion jacket with the billet consolidation step.

A2Z TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 4516 HIGHWAY 20 EASTSUITE 210 NICEVILLE, FL 32578
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 974-1509 Mr. Michael C. Zari AF 99-152
Title:	A Non-Invasive Vibration Sensor for the Machine Shop Environment
Abstract:	Machine tool vibrations induce a number of difficulties including poor surface finish, reduced dimensional accuracy, and damage to the machine itself. Present day production machine tools control vibrations by optimizing characteristics of the structure and by adjusting process throughput. Unfortunately, the latter tends to result in overly conservative metal removal rates. A2Z Technologies Corporation proposes a Laser Vibrometer for optimizing machine tool feed rates. Our approach specifically solves the complex issues of 1) providing vibration amplitude measurements to an accuracy of 0.0001, 2) operating in the harsh oil/coolant environment of most machine shops, 3) providing up to 10 vibration sensors operating on a single network, and 4) providing means to operate under the wide range of surface conditions typically encountered in the machining environment. During Phase I, a prototype system will be designed, fabricated and tested. Testing will be performed both in the laboratory and in an operating machine shop. The Phase I prototype design and the testing activities will provide a low-risk, rapid transition into pre-production prototype to be developed in Phase II.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6785 HOLLISTER AVENUE GOLETA, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-3302 Mr. Sam Boykin AF 99-154
Title:	Web-based Collaborative Warfighting Cost per Flying Hour
Abstract:	Weapon system planners are required to prioritize many developments for new and existing combat systems. Often it is difficult to determine the actual operating costs of a system to make meaningful comparisons of the operating cost of one system compared to another. Developers and planners require a methodology and tool-set that will enable cost and affordability estimations based on industry standards for system operating costs. Objectives of this SBIR are to develop a methodology, data model, and web-based computer tool for estimating the cost per flying hour of combat systems. The effort will focus on determining the fixed and variable costs associated with operating combat systems. The methodology will enable comparisons of different systems to determine the most cost-effective approach for operation. The estimating tool developed for this research will be demonstrated as a standalone prototype and will have the capability to be integrated into the Weapon System Integrated Cost Model. The Phase I research will result in an initial prototype of the tool which will be used to gain user comments to guide the Phase II development. The Phase II effort will fully develop and test the prototype, with the objective of a commercial tool in Phase III.

TECHNOSOFT, INC. 4434 CARVER WOODS DRIVE CINCINNATI, OH 45242
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 985-9877 Mr. Adel Chemaly AF 99-154
Title:	Web-based Collaborative Environment with Knowledge Driven Agents
Abstract:	Product design is a multidisciplinary process involving real-time team interaction. Participants explore and refine design concepts following design rationale and guidelines reflecting years of expertise. Recording the design rationale provides a basis for learning and gathering knowledge for future decisions. The objective of this proposal is the development of a web-based collaborative environment incorporating a design support system. This framework employs distributed agents technology for capturing, recording, organizing, and delivering design rationale as identified through the users' multidisciplinary interactions and interdependencies of the design activities. An innovative approach is proposed and implemented on an object-oriented framework to create a commercially viable product. A well-structured mechanism for pattern correlation implemented within a knowledge-base allows the system to provide services that support design activities in a multi-user and multidisciplinary environment. This facilitates trade studies for competing cost versus performance while assuring producability, maintainability, and quality as part of reducing the design cycle. The environment will be used for engineering design decision support and application management in a variety of existing commercial and DoD applications. In Phase I, the system architecture will be completed and its feasibility and impact will be validated on two present DoD applications.

WIZDOM SYSTEMS, INC. 1300 IROQUOIS AVENUE NAPERVILLE, IL 60563
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 357-3000 Dr. Leslie K. Sanders AF 99-154
Title:	WEBADE: The WEB-enabled Agent-based Design Environment
Abstract:	The proposed research will investigate the use of autonomous software agents to observe activities within the design process. These agents will be trained to monitor the transactions among and between design teams to establish a "standard" or "accepted" practice. This standard will be based on the history of the activities monitored by the agents, and will evolve over time as new activities are observed. These agents can then be trained to assist users by observing their activities, to infer their intentions, and to suggest to the user potential methods, techniques, tools, formats, or any other aid that might be useful in performing the intended task.

APPLIED POLERAMIC, INC. 850 TEAL DRIVE VACAVILLE, CA 94510
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(707) 747-6738 Mr. Richard Moulton AF 99-155
Title:	Advanced Resin System for RTM/VARTM Processing
Abstract:	Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and RTM are emerging as favored low cost, out-of-autoclave manufacturing methods. To date, the VARTM process has been primarily used for industrial and marine applications where lower performing resins have dominated. API has been very successful in developing several VARTM resin systems. Applications have included ballistic adhesives and structural resins for the 'Composite Armor Vehicle (CAV)' and 'Crusader' artillery vehicle. For VARTM to succeed in military and commercial applications, higher performance resins must be developed. The technical objective of this program is to formulate VARTM/RTM resins that will meet current military and commercial aircraft material specifications. Two systems will be developed: one for E-beam post-cure, another for thermal post-cure. Resins must meet the low viscosity, long pot-life VARTM process requirements as well as vitrify below 80 degrees C with adequate dimensional stability to allow freestanding post-cure. Potential resin chemistries will be selected using API proprietary down-selection criteria. Epoxies, bismalimides, cyanates, and IPN's of two different chemistries will all be considered in early stages of the program.

SHADE, INC. 5049 RUSSELL CIRCLE LINCOLN, NE 68507
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(402) 466-3393 Dr. A. John Ayorinde AF 99-155
Title:	Advanced Resin System for RTM/VARTM Processing
Abstract:	The use of fiber reinforced polymer composite on commercial and military applications are increasing rapidly as replacement for aluminum. To make composites affordable and improve quality, several manufacturing methods, such as, filament winding, pultrusion, resin transfer molding (RTM), and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VaRTM) have been developed for resin systems that cure at 350 degrees F and have a service temperature in the 250 to 350 degrees F range. The VaRTM process has been shown to significantly reduce manufacturing and tooling costs. However, the full benefit of VaRTM/RTM would not be realized until resin systems curable at 180 degrees F or less with performance that rivals those cured at 350 degrees F are developed. The innovation presented in this proposal is to develop an affordable, low viscosity resin system curable thermally at 180 degrees F or less or with electron beam (EB). Using 3501-6 as the baseline, several resin systems will be formulated and curing process developed. This Phase I program will focus on formulating and evaluating resins that meet the criteria noted above. Physical, thermal, rheological, kinetics, and chemical resistance data of the resin will be developed in "neat" form. Carbon cloth reinforced with the developed resin will be evaluated for physical, thermal, and permanency properties.

SINC, INC. 680 TERRACE HILLS DRIVE SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 585-7462 Mr. Frank Stenger AF 99-157
Title:	Three Dimensional Hybrid BEM - Sinc Analysis of Bonded/Bolted Composite Joints with Discrete Cracks
Abstract:	A 9 month Phase I research program is proposed for studying the three-dimensional state of stresses at bolted/bonded joints in composite laminates, by using a new layer-by-layer hybrid BEM (Boundary Element method)-Sinc interpolation technique. The primary goal of this research is to (i) mimic the singular behavior of the three-dimensional stresses in the vicinity of a vertex (i.e., junction corner point of a laminated plate or surface corner point of a bi-material interface crack), and (ii) perform elastic stress analyses of bolted/bonded joints of practical composites having anisotropic layers, interacting cracks and arbitrary geometries. A Sinc interpolation coupled with boundary integral formulation is proposed as a replacement of the conventional isoparametric polynomial based BEM. This is intended to capture the accurate distribution of interlaminar stresses in the vicinity of singularities, such as those due to free edge, corner or a combination of both. Finally, since any three-dimensional numerical procedure is highly computation intensive, a singular perturbation method will be employed in conjunction with the aforementioned hybrid BEM-Sinc approach. Neither this type of computational procedure nor any numerical result is currently unavailable in the literature.

EIC LABORATORIES, INC. 111 DOWNEY STREET NORWOOD, MA 02062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 769-9450 Mr. Fei Wang AF 99-158
Title:	Highly Ordered Conductive Polymer Coatings for Electrostatic Charge Dissipation
Abstract:	The objective of this program is to develop an all polymer material with a surface resistance less than 10 6 ohm/square, and having optical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties suitable for use in aircraft transparencies. These transparencies are typically acrylic and polycarbonate laminates to which various optical conductive coatings are applied. To reach the goals of optical transparency, conductivity and environmental stability, we propose, in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University, to develop novel conductive polymer coatings. These polymers have an amphiphilic structure permitting them to form highly ordered monolayers and multilayers through specific surface interactions. The increased order gives rise to similar increases in conductivity, which translates to thinner, less absorbing films being required to effect ESD. Phase I will have the goal of synthesizing candidate polymers, developing uniform coating protocols for acrylic and polycarbonate, and evaluating the optical, electrical and stability properties of the resulting layers. A Phase I goal is an environmentally robust coating having a luminous transmittance of >75% and a sheet resistivity of <10 6 ohms per square.

EIKOS LLC 2 MASTER DRIVESUITE 2 FRANKLIN, MA 02038
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 528-0300 Mr. Paul J. Glatkowski AF 99-158
Title:	Novel Transparent Coating for Canopy ESD Protection
Abstract:	Eikos L.L.C. will use single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a highly abrasion resistant matrix as a novel transparent electrostatic dissipation coating (ESD) for aircraft canopies. This technology will provide environmentally stable ESD monolayer coating while protecting the surface from scratches and erosion. This sol-gel coating is formed at low temperatures using traditional coating techniques. The matrix material is an organic/inorganic hybrid tuned to match the mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of the substrate. To this matrix is added highly conductive carbon nanotubes to form interpenetrated network which is conductive and tough. Furthermore, this coating system can be utilized on virtually any surface to impart ESD. The use of carbon nanotubes within the matrix to form a conductive layer offers the best approach to a durable solution for a wide array of substrate.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 SECOND AVENUE WALTHAM, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4191 Dr. Paul Osenar AF 99-159
Title:	Robust Rod-Coil Films for MEMS Lubrication
Abstract:	Foster-Miller proposes to employ a revolutionary approach involving organic, self-assembling multilayer coatings to promote lubrication in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Such coatings would reduce the adhesive forces that lead to stiction and the frictional forces that lead to system inefficiencies and wear-related failure. Such a coating has the potential to improve the reliability of MEMS devices, increase their operational life-time, and raise their overall mechanical efficiency. The coatings proposed are based on novel self-assembling molecules. Unlike surface-modifying layers based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanes, these films can be formed into multilayers that continuously expose a hydrophobic surface that is inherently robust. Like SAM-based surface modifiers, these molecules will be deposited onto all of the exposed surfaces (not just those open to line-of-sight deposition) via solution. Due to the stability of these molecules and their ability to form multilayers, they should drastically improve the wear characteristics of MEMS devices while improving device yields as well.

SURMET CORP. 33 B STREET BURLINGTON, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 272-3250 Dr. Prashant Karandikar AF 99-159
Title:	Innovative Coatings for High Reliability MEMS
Abstract:	Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are micron to millimeter size devices that replicate the structure and function of meter-scale devices used in day-to-day life for various electro-mechanical functions. The size of MEMS devices will enable integrating these with microelectronics to do a variety of sensing and actuation functions to produce a variety of useful devices that can be mass-produced at low cost. Several studies have projected MEMS market size in tens of billions of dollars by the turn of the century. Although a variety of MEMS devices have been demonstrated, a major limitation is the failure due to wear and stiction (permanent adhesion) of the micro moving parts. Surmet proposes to develop a coating based on its UltraC coating for MEMS devices to prolong the device life and increase their reliability. In Phase I, fabrication of MEMS, deposition of coatings and thorough microstructural and reliability characterization will demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach. In Phase II, several devices of military and commercial interest will be selected for development. Coating process and properties will be optimized and extensive characterization will be conducted to establish reliability. In Phase III the technology will be transferred to DoD and commercial MEMS producers.

MOTORCARBON RESEARCH LLC 720 MOUND AVENUE COS 316PO BOX 856 MIAMISBURG, OH 45343
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-4429 Mr. Joseph W. Hager AF 99-160
Title:	Oxidation Resistant Carbon Matrix Composites for Use at 550 to 1200 Degrees F
Abstract:	A major limitation in the usefulness of carbon at elevated temperatures is susceptibility to oxidation. The overall goal of the proposed three-phase STTR project is to exploit a recent university research finding that nanocrystalline silicon carbide inclusions impart excellent oxidation resistance to carbon phases in which they are embedded. The primary Phase I research objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing this oxidation-resistant duplex microstructure in a form that also exhibits good mechanical and thermal properties. Nanoscale silicon carbide inclusions will be produced in a continuous carbon phase using several variants of a unique processing approach, namely the blending of a silicon-containing polymer with various carbon precursors followed by pyrolysis. Appropriate precursor choices will enable the evaluation of SiC inclusions in amorphous, turbostratic and graphitic carbon matrices. The two-phase microstructure will be optimized for oxidation resistance and mechanical properties by varying the composition of the blend and the preparation conditions. Carbon fiber reinforced composite specimens incorporating the optimum matrix will be fabricated and tested for thermal and mechanical properties.

CREE RESEARCH, INC. 4600 SILICON DRIVE DURHAM, NC 27703
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 313-5435 Mr. Michael James Paisley AF 99-161
Title:	Uniform Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Layers by Hot Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition
Abstract:	It is herein proposed to grow SiC epitaxial layers via hot-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a rotation system to greatly improve thickness and doping uniformities. This will improve device performance and yield for all application areas. The advantage of highly uniform epitaxial SiC will be greatest for microwave MESFETs and high power devices. Epitaxy for these two types of devices will be the focus of this program. Recent attempts to improve uniformity have been encouraging in hot wall systems without rotation and cold wall systems with rotation, however, still fall short of what is required for device production. At the end of Phase I, we should be able to produce SiC epitaxial layers up to 10 um with uniformity of <5% in thickness and <20% in doping. An additional benefit will be the ability to deposit on three wafers per reactor run. At the end of Phase II, we should be able to produce layers with uniformity of <1% in thickness and <7% in doping with a capacity of six wafers per deposition cycle. Wafers of both Schottky diodes and MESFET devices will be mapped to verify the uniformity achieved.

EMCORE CORP. 394 ELIZABETH AVENUE SOMERSET, NJ 08873
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 271-9090 Mr. Ian Ferguson AF 99-161
Title:	Epitaxial Growth of Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Abstract:	Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an attractive material for use in high power and high temperature devices. We are proposing to develop novel growth systems and growth processes for the 2" wafer growth of SiC. Experiment and calculations performed have demonstrated that 250-300 degrees C is lost at each structural element (filament/susceptor, susceptor/wafer) located between the heater filament and SiC wafer in SiC reactors. These interfaces are responsible for high filament temperatures and, hence, low lifetimes, <100 hours. The ultimate solution for this problem is to eliminate all thermal interfaces in the SiC reactor design. An innovative design is proposed by combining the wafer carrier and filament in one element so that the filament, susceptor and wafer are all at the same temperature. The growth process will focus on 4H SiC films grown on SiC for electronic applications. These new processes will take advantage of the innovative features of our growth reactor. Various electrical, structural and chemical charaterization techniques will be employed in order to demonstrate the advantages of the new design. This program will result in the innovative development of growth technology, deposition process and a cheap, reliable, SiC reactor system that will be widely available through a commercial vendor.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 SECOND AVENUE WALTHAM, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4046 Dr. Suneet Chadha AF 99-161
Title:	Laser Induced Flourescence Imager for Closed Loop Epitaxial Growth Process Monitoring
Abstract:	Military and more recently commercial electronic systems have greatly benefited from superior performance of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)grown devices for two-way paging, satellite communication, cellular communication, millimiter and microwave radar, defense electronic and infrared imaging (IR) applications. The challenge faced by the MBE industry has been to offer highly reliable cost-effective epiwafers to justify the insertion of MBE-based devices into commercial wireless communication and sensor applications over other GaAs and Si/SiC solutions as well as reduce production costs for DoD platforms. This proposal addresses a DoD and industry identified need for closed loop composition and thickness control for viable cost-effective production yield and reliability requirements. Foster-Miller will develop an in-situ real-time imaging flux monitor for MBE growth processes. The diagnostic sensor based on Doppler Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (DOPLIF) measurements extends the current art of in-situ monitoring by providing real-time position and velocity distribution of atomic species over the wafer growth substrate. Phase I will provide the proof-of-concept for the ability to obtain real-time deposition and composition information from 2-D fluorescence images. The Phase II will include the complete functionality of the DOPLIF monitor to the imaging monitor and validate performance on a commercial Gen-II MBE reactor.

BEAM ENG. FOR ADVANCED MEASUREMENTS 100 ALEXANDRIA BLVD.SUITE 5 OVIEDO, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 977-5359 Mr. Nelson V. Tabirian AF 99-162
Title:	Photosensitive Liquid Crystals: Next Generation Materials for Dynamic Holography and Electro-Optics
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop newly discovered highly nonlinear Photosensitive Liquid Crystalline (PLC) materials that a) possess photosensitivity comparable to that of photoconductive semiconductors used in LC spatial light modulators, and b) allow extremely strong modulation of the refractive index (modulation of birefringence) typical of LC. Such unique combination of photosensitivity and large optically induced index modulation property of LC will make PLC the prime candidate material for a new generation of high performance holographic devices, optical limiters, spatial light modulators (SLM) and other signal/image processing and optically or electronically tunable diffractive devices. PLC materials, by integrating the phase modulating capability and photosensitivity into a single medium, would dramatically simplify the SLM manufacturing technology by eliminating the most costly and troublesome process of incorporating semiconductor layer onto the substrate of the LC-cell. In PLC materials, the nonlinear index modulation is caused by photogenerated space charge fields throughout the bulk of the film enabling large phase modulation, higher spatial resolution and faster response times. Our main effort in Phase I would be to fully develop the material, and identify the optimum material composition through quantitative studies of the underlying nonlinear index modulation mechanisms and dynamic holographic processes.

APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC. 242 KINGFISHER DRIVE SUGARLAND, TX 77478
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(281) 242-2588 Mr. Chih-Hsiang Lin AF 99-163
Title:	InAs/InGaSb Type-II Superlattice for Mid-IR Photodetectors
Abstract:	Photodetectors operating at 8-15 um and beyond are of great importance for commercial and military applications in infrared (IR) thermal imaging. InAs/InGaSb type-II quantum wells (QWs) have advantages over HgCdTe for applications requiring higher temperature and longer wavelength operation. The type-II QW photodiodes would have comparable quantum efficiency and smaller dark current due to a larger effective mass and enhanced lifetimes due much slower Auger recombination rates, and hence much longer carrier lifetime. Through careful bandgap engineering, we have suppressed the Auger coefficient by a factor > 8 for 4.5-um type-II QW mid-IR lasers at 300 K. Recently, p-i-n photodiodes using InAs/InGaSb type-II QWs have achieved detectivities larger than 1 x 10 10 cmHz 1/2/W at 8.8 um and 78 K, with a peak detectivities of 2.1 x 10 10 cmHz 1/2/W at 6 um. We have studied InAs/InGaSb type-II QW photoconductors. With improved MBE growth technology, we have improved the responsivity of type-II photoconductors by a factor 50, due to the improved interface quality and material quality, and hence the better optical properties and longer carrier lifetime. Currently, we have demonstrated among the best performance of photoconductors using III-V materials up to 14 um. In the program, we will develop large two-dimensional arrays of IR photodetectors based on InAs/InGaSb type-II QWs at 8 to 20 um.

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 EXECUTIVE DRIVE EDEN PRAIRIE, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 934-2100 Mr. Peter Chow AF 99-163
Title:	Gallium Indium Antimonide - Indium Arsenide Superlattices for Long Wavelength Infrared Detection
Abstract:	GaInSb/InAs superlattices show great promise as materials for use in very long wavelength infrared detectors (VLWIR). This III-V compound offers advantages over current HgCdTe technology in both anticipated performance level and ancillary support systems (cryogenic cooling) costs. In this proposal, we seek to advance this superlattice material and its growth on (111)B oriented GaSb substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Combining arsenic and antimony valved-crackers with desorption mass spectroscopic monitoring and control will yield superlattices with exceptional structural, optical, and electrical quality.

EXCITON, INC. PO BOX 31126 DAYTON, OH 45437
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 252-2989 Mr. Paul A. Cahill AF 99-164
Title:	Next Generation Narrow Band Absorbers for Laser Eye Protection
Abstract:	Exciton proposes new dyes for laser eye protection for both the Notch and Tri-Stim approaches. Exciton's simulations and experiments support the synthesis of dyes with FWHM values of 4 nm. This value is one-half to one-fifth that previously observed. This value is also substantially less than the FWHM of reflection bands of rugates, holograms, or layered dielectrics because of the bandwidth requirements placed on such reflective technologies by the dimensions of the eye box. These new absorber dyes will also have absorption coefficients 2-5 times greater than those of current absorbers; therefore, proportionally lower dye concentrations will be required. As a result, processing and compatibility issues should be reduced and dye/host systems should demonstrate either a decrease in, or the absence of, interference from short wavelength bands. These dyes can be applied to both in-band and out-of-band solutions. Finally, eye protection incorporating these unusually narrow absorbers will have substantially less impact on color perception than either reflection or previous absorber technologies. Color balance may be within the human perceptual system's own adaptation range, or may be supplemented with only minor amounts of additional absorbers for critical color balance applications.

EPION CORP. 4R ALFRED CIRCLE BEDFORD, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-3703 Dr. L. P. Allen AF 99-165
Title:	Gate Oxide Screening Methodology and Surface Smoothing for Advanced SOI Space System Applications
Abstract:	Special technology and circuit architecture is under investigation for implementation of radiation hard low power electronics (LPE) which operate at low supply voltages and consume low power levels without sacrificing performance. Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) substrates have advantages which make it attractive for applications that require tolerance to radiation effects. A significant aspect regarding commercial application of SOI is the inconsistency of the gate oxide integrity (GOI) of CMOS circuitry. The variation in the gate oxide breakdown may be attributed to such material factors as surface roughness, defect density or metallics. Testing is typically expensive and time consuming. An opportunity exists to establish a test methodology for starting SOI material using pseudo gate oxide structures and a polysilicon or metallic dot method of ramped voltage stress testing. In addition, a detailed examination of pseudo gate oxide integrity will be examined as a function of SOI surface roughness. A matrix of as-received and smoothed SOI surfaces will be examined using a 3-point pseudo gate oxide test method that requires a simple oxidation and dot contact process. Surface smoothing will be implemented using a novel gas cluster ion beam technology (GCIB). Commercialization of both the GOI test methodology and the GCIB smoothing is regarded with high probability.

CRYSTAL ASSOC., INC. 31 FARINELLA DRIVE EAST HANOVER, NJ 07936
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 581-1717 Dr. Michael Scripsick AF 99-166
Title:	KTiOPO4 (KTP) for High Repetition Rate and Continuous Wave Applications
Abstract:	KTiOPO4 (KTP) is an important material for nonlinear optical and electro-optical applications. However, many applications have been limited by laser-induced absorption commonly referred to as gray tracking. While significant improvements have been made in the damage resistance of KTP, many users still report laser induced damage in high average-power, high repetition-rate or continuous wave applications. Recent advancements in the understanding of laser induced gray tracking in KTP and improvements in crystal growth indicate that the damage susceptibility in these applications can be significantly reduced or eliminated. We propose to implement new growth techniques to produce KTP that will be superior to currently available material. Improvements in crystal quality will be determined through measurement of relevant fundamental materials properties as well as through high rep-rate and cw laser operation.

SPIRE CORP. ONE PATRIOTS PARK BEDFORD, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-6000 Dr. Anton C. Greenwald AF 99-166
Title:	Homoepitaxial MOCVD ZnGeP2 Films for IR Optical Parametric Oscillators
Abstract:	ZnGeP2 is an important non-linear optical material currently in use for frequency shifting high power lasers to cover the mid-IR band between 2 to 10 microns. Material defects and impurities in currently available material limit laser power, total spectral range, efficiency, and produce absorption bands. Spire proposes to develop superior quality material by deposition of homoepitaxial films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a variable pressure reactor and high purity sources with low cracking temperatures and high vapor pressures. New materials and techniques are expected to give greatly improved results and low defect material. In Phase II, in-situ diagnostics using multiple wavelength ellipsometry will give optimal compositional control further reducing defect density and giving material with properties superior to bulk grown crystals, analogous to homoepitaxial GaAs films on GaAs substrates. Reduced absorption and increased laser damage thresholds are expected.

ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS CORP. 3700 KOPPERS STREET BALTIMORE, MD 21227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 368-7275 Mr. Dennis J. Helfritch AF 99-167
Title:	The Regeneration of a Ceramic Filter for Combustion Exhausts by Means of Plasma Promoted Oxidation
Abstract:	The key to the acceptability of barrier filters for combustion exhausts is the ability of the filter to be regenerated, or cleared, of trapped particulates, such that exhaust back pressure remains low. Since soot is combustible as carbon, most regeneration methods attempt to oxidize the soot to CO2. Current regeneration methods rely on heating the filter element to the combustion temperature or on oxidation catalysts. These methods are not favored due to their hazardous nature and the potential for catalyst poisoning. It has been demonstrated that plasma very effectively cleans surfaces of oxidizable, organic substances. Oxidation occurs because the plasma creates oxygenating radical molecules. It is therefore proposed to demonstrate that plasma can be used to remove the deposited soot through oxidation. Constructing a ceramic filter containing electrodes that produce surface plasma when electrically energized will do this. Soot particles from combustion exhaust are thus removed by a ceramic filter, which would be subjected to periodic plasma exposures for soot removal.

SUPER-PULSE 1452 HANSHAW ROAD ITHACA, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 255-6474 Dr. Czeslaw Golkowski AF 99-167
Title:	Soot Removal from Diesel Exhaust Engine Using Microwaves
Abstract:	Responding to the need to decrease soot emission from combustion engines, we propose the development of an innovative method for an effective, low cost destruction and removal of soot from diesel engine exhaust. Unlike other conventional methods which first separate soot from the exhaust gas and then burn it by raising the temperature of the trapped soot, the proposed method uses properties of non-thermal plasma to generate free radicals to oxidize the soot directly in the exhaust gas. The potential of the approach for soot oxidation presented here stems from the fact that free radicals react with diesel particulates (soot) in a way normally associated with a very high temperature, much higher than the actual ignition temperature for these particulates. The free radicals will be generated in the exhaust gas containing soot. The proposed device will cause a minimal, if any, pressure drop in the exhaust stream; moreover, its only energy requirement is the relatively low average power supply to its magnetron. It is expected that this device will operate in a wide range of temperatures of the engine cycle, and will be maintenance free.

IA, INC. PO BOX 1306 ANN ARBOR, MI 48106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 995-9338 Mr. Richard Smith AF 99-168
Title:	Perchlorate Monitoring by Portable Sensing Technology
Abstract:	EPA directives have mandated detection of perchlorate contamination at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in groundwater. The current laboratory method requires anion separation by ion chromatography (IC), followed by detection of conductivity. The IC method provides sufficient selectivity, but conductometric detection requires suppression of the background mobile phase conductance. The proposed research program will couple ion chromatography (IC), to separate perchlorate from interfering anions, and a perchlorate selective sensing element to detect the presence of ppb perchlorate in the column effluent. The greatly improved selectivity of the proposed technology over the conventional IC-suppressed conductivity method, affords a simplified instrument capable of detecting ppb levels of perchlorate even in water samples containing much higher concentrations of interfering anions. The proposed technology consists of a miniaturized, self-contained, waterproof, microprocessor controlled instrument that will provide DoD a convenient means for in situ detection of groundwater perchlorate via standard monitoring wells.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 NEW ENGLAND BUSINESS CENTER ANDOVER, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Mr. Mark E. Fraser AF 99-168
Title:	Automatic Extractive Flow Injection Analysis for Perchlorate Sensing
Abstract:	The development of a sensitive laboratory perchlorate detection methodology in April 1997 led to the discovery of measurable quantities of this contaminant in various manufacturing sites and in well-water and drinking water supplies in California, Nevada, and Utah. Since perchlorate interferes with the thyroid gland's ability to utilize iodine to produce thyroid hormones, the EPA and the Department of Health Services Drinking Water Program in California have set an action level of 18 ppb. Federal agencies, state governments, and the armed services are now involved in an effort to charaterize the contamination, close those water supplies that threaten human health, and to clean up contaminated sites. A necessary tool for this process is a field portable, in situ perchlorate sensor. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI), in collaboration with Nomadics, Inc. proposes to develop such a monitor based on a sensitive spectrophotometric detection technique. The Phase I program will develop the prototype hardware and will demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for ppb detection of perchlorate in groundwater. In Phase II, PSI will deliver a prototype sensor to the Air Force.

HONTEK CORP. 161 SOUTH SATELLITE ROAD SOUTH WINDSOR, CT 06074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 282-1776 Mr. Shek C. Hong AF 99-169
Title:	Advanced Rain and Dust Erosion Resistant Coating Systems
Abstract:	Solvent-based primers and topcoats have been used as the primary aircraft coating systems. For corrosion protection, highly toxic heavy-metal based corrosion inhibitors were used and are still present in many of the most popular primers. With the environmental compliance regulations getting more and more strict, the cost of aircraft painting/stripping/repainting processes and waste disposal have become very expensive for the Air Force. In the new Air Force Coating System Strategy, both environmental compliance and long-term coating system performance are to be fulfilled with development of new advanced coating systems. This proposal involves with the research of two areas: 1) Low/no VOC matte coating systems that will lead to highly durable, rain and dust erosion resistant and weatherable coatings, and 2) Polymeric sprayable/rollable environmentally robust 30+ years primer materials. The contractor proposes to develop low VOC or water-based corrosion resistant epoxy primers and low VOC or water-based erosion resistant urethane topcoats. Corrosion inhibitors and special matting agents will be evaluated. Rain erosion tests will be conducted. Among materials to be tried are new erosion resistant urethane coatings developed by this contractor for helicopter rotor blade applications and other new coating chemistries.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52ND AVENUE WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2302 Dr. Ronald L. Cook AF 99-169
Title:	A Durable Primer for Aircraft Applications
Abstract:	The painting, stripping, and repainting processes for existing aircraft account for 70-90% of the U.S. Air Force's generation of hazardous wastes and air pollution. The costs for paint repaint maintenance of aircraft range from ~$250,000 for a C-135 to ~$1 million for a C-5. Due to declining budgets, the Air Force expects that ~80% of the older aircraft will still be in the flight inventory to at least 2020. Aircraft replacement costs are on the order of $10 million to $100 million each. Therefore, there are strong incentives (and high payoff potential) to identify long-life coatings that provide high levels of protection so that the aircraft are not grounded prior to their desired retirement dates and, in addition, that significantly reduce the need for frequent painting/stripping/repainting and the associated maintenance costs. To meet this need a new durable primer system based on the combination of flexible epoxies and reactive fillers known as alumoxanes will be developed. The flexible epoxy primers will offer increased performance under adverse conditions in addition to greater service life. The flexible epoxies will be modified using tailored alumoxanes that will provide enhanced barrier properties, antioxidant protection and corrosion protection.

AMSEN TECHNOLOGIES 1181 N. EL DORADO PLACESUITE 319 TUCSON, AZ 85715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 546-6944 Mr. Ayyasamy Aruchamy AF 99-171
Title:	High-Efficiency, High-Capacity Regenerable Filter for Fine Dusts and Sticky Mists
Abstract:	Increased awareness of health effects caused by airborne contaminants has incurred increased use of various kinds of air filters. However, filters for the specific application as identified in the solicitation of this SBIR topic are not currently available. Moreover, filter development often faces a technical dilemma between the three major performance criteria: filtration efficiency, holding capacity, and pressure drop. Amsen proposes an innovative idea for the filter design, which uses a new type of material as the filter medium. The filter performance will be enhanced by the coupling of electrostatic and electrochemical effects. This idea may lead to a new type of robust, high-efficiency, high-capacity regenerable filters for fine dusts and sticky mists. Amsen will pursue to establish the concept feasibility in the Phase I work. In Phase II, a pilot-scale-engineering model of the technology will be developed and tested on actual sources.

ULTRAMET 12173 MONTAGUE STREET PACOIMA, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Mr. David J. Scott AF 99-171
Title:	Novel Regenerable Catalytic Filter for Removal of VOCs and Particulates
Abstract:	Room temperature oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and removal of particulates presents a major challenge, given that the most active catalysts do not show appreciable hydrocarbon oxidation activity below 250 degrees C. High catalytic activity at room temperature may be induced by non-Faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA). The NEMCA effect has been demonstrated by Ultramet to provide significant increases in the catalytic activity of a wide range of metal catalyst surfaces using a non-optimized system. This effect, which involves the controlled in-situ promotion of catalyst surfaces via a solid electrolyte washcoat, has been described for over 25 catalyzed reactions using a variety of metal catalysts. In the proposed project, Ultramet will apply NEMCA to produce a catalytic filtration element for the removal of dusts and sticky mists generated during spray-painting operations. The filtration system will use a support fabricated of Ultramet's open-cell reticulated vitreous carbon or silicon carbide foam, coated with a high surface area solid electrolyte and catalyst phase, to which a very low electrical potential is applied. The objective of the project is to demonstrate the rapid and complete oxidation of VOCs at room temperature to carbon dioxide and water using various catalysts and solid electrolyte materials deposited on the ceramic catalyst substrate while exploiting the innate properties of the foam structure to remove particulates.

DIGITAL OPTICS CORP. 5900 NORTHWOODS BUSINESS PKWYSUITE J CHARLOTTE, NC 28269
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(704) 599-9191 Dr. Eric Johnson AF 99-174
Title:	Highly Anti-Reflective Surfaces for Infrared Semiconductor Materials
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project builds upon Digital Optics Corporation's experience in the design, fabrication, and integration of micro-optics and its partners' expertise with semi-conductor plasma etching to provide an innovative approach to the manufacture of anti-reflective surface structures in infrared optical materials. Under this project, DOC and the Rockwell Science Center will develop design and fabrication technology to effectively manufacture dual band infrared AR structures in semiconductor compounds such as Cadmium Telluride and Mercury Cadmium Telluride. The proposed approach offers potential performance, cost, and manufacturability benefits over traditional AR coating methods. Both analytical and experimental work will be performed to verify the objectives of the proposed project.

SY TECHNOLOGY, INC. 654 DISCOVERY DRIVE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 922-9095 Mr. Michele R. Banish AF 99-174
Title:	Development of High Anti-Reflective Surfaces for Semiconductor Wafers
Abstract:	SY Technology, Inc. can develop the ability to design and fabricate surface microstructures that function as anti-reflective coatings in infrared materials including the III-IV and group IV semiconductors and ceramics. Through experiments, SY has developed lithography processes for InSb, InAs, GaP, Ge, Si, TiO2, SrTiO2, and YSZ. We propose to use our optical design tools, laboratories, photoresists, spinners, mask aligners, reactive ion etchers and ion mills to develop the processes required to fabricate sub-micron anti-reflective features in HgCdTe, InSb, PtSi, and Si:As IBC. Sub-micron features will be etched into InSb and its reflectance experimentally verified as part of the Phase I effort. Processes for fabricating anti-reflective structures in HgCdTe will address human safety issues. Interest in HgCdTe, PtSi, InSb, and Si:As IBC process development stems from the materials' broad-band spectral performance as detector materials. Including sub-micron anti-reflective structures on these materials increases the coupling efficiency (air to material), thus increasing device responsivity. Birefringence properties of sub-micron anti-reflective structures can be avoided with two-dimensional designs. A 1-D Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis Code, currently operated at SY Technology, Inc., will be modified to 2-D. The Phase I results will be used to develop a rapid prototyping capability to respond to identified market demands.

AGUILA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 310 VIA VERA CRUZSUITE 107 SAN MARCOS, CA 92069
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 752-1194 Dr. Sherry Zhu AF 99-175
Title:	Nano-Engineered Magnetic Materials for High Temperature Operation
Abstract:	The US Air Force has initiated a More Electric Aircraft (MEA) program to demonstrate electrically-driven power subsystems to replace hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical components. Essential to the MEA is an Integrated Power Unit (IPU). The IPU involves a rotor on magnetic bearings and a switched reluctance motor/generator requiring a high strength soft magnetic material capable of sustained use at 550 - 600 degrees C and 60,000 rpm rotation speed that creates stresses up to 90 ksi. The material must sustain this for 5,000 hours with less than 1% creep. Also, the hard magnets in the bearings must maintain magnetic properties at these elevated temperatures. Evaluations of soft magnetic materials indicate that though the magnetic properties are acceptable, the best materials suffer excessive creep. The need is for improved soft magnets capable of these conditions and ideally having maximal permeability with minimal core losses. For magnetic bearings, the need is for improvements in the magnetic properties of hard magnets at 500 degrees C. The proposal approaches the problem by using an inexpensive new method to constructing the desired materials chemically. The plan is to create microstructures with entirely new properties not possible with current magnetic engineering techniques.

ASTROPOWER, INC. SOLAR PARK NEWARK, DE 19716
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 366-0400 Mr. Michael G. Mauk AF 99-177
Title:	Solution Growth Adapted for Low-BandgapTernary and Quaternary III-V Alloy Bulk Crystals
Abstract:	An advanced solution growth process is proposed for the growth of thick (2- to 3 -mm) bulk crystals of low-bandgap (mid-infrared) III-V ternary and quaternary alloys including InAsSb, InGaAsSb, AlGaAsSb, and InAsSbP with diameters larger than 2.5 cm. The solution growth process represents several new adaptations of state-of-the-art liquid-phase epitaxy and bulk growth techniques, and incorporates a combination of optimized growth solution compositions, epitaxial lateral overgrowth on patterned, masked substrate seeds, solute feeding with source materials, temperature gradient growth, temperature cycling of the growth solution, and current-induced solute electromigration. These features are utilized to achieve a wider range of alloy compositions, reduced defects and impurities, high growth rates, and controlled solute segregation for improved compositional uniformity.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 SECOND AVENUE WALTHAM, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4146 Dr. Lawrence Domash AF 99-178
Title:	Switchable Microlenses Using Improved Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Composite Optical Materials
Abstract:	Switchable diffractive micro-lenses have many applications for military laser hardening, optical information processing, and switching and control of fiber optic signals. Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) is an important new composite optical material incorporating nanodroplets of nematic liquid crystal in a polymer host, enabling switchable Bragg gratings (ESBG). However, existing H-PDLC materials have limited utility due to unstable polymerization, high conductivity, unpredictable shelf life, and unacceptable dynamic range and switching voltage characteristics. Foster-Miller proposes to demonstrate switchable micro-optical lenses, filters and waveguide WDM add/drop filters using an improved formulation H-PDLC better adapted to demanding military and commercial requirements. The proposed new class of H-PDLC is expected to yield > 45 dB dynamic on/off ratio for switching of diffraction efficiency, <2 V/um switching voltage, and diffractive characteristics optimized for holographic lens applications. Phase I will prepare the new materials and verify their properties in simple device tests. Phase II will produce high performance micro-optical applications including arrays of switchable microlenses and waveguide switchable add-drop filters for WDM optical networks.

DYNETICS, INC. P.O. Box 5500 Huntsville, AL 35814
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 964-4297 Mark S. Miller AF 99-179
Title:	Compressed Tailkit Development for Advanced Munitions
Abstract:	Dynetics proposes a joint effort with the Boeing Company to develop a highly compressed tailkit to meet Air Force needs for compact air-launch weapon designs. Design trades studies will be conducted to integrate a suite of both existing and emerging subsystem technologies that will lead to the development of a highly compressed tailkit. Subsystem technologies which will be considered will include: electro-mechanical and piezoelectric actuators, advanced power supply units, a Boeing developed low cost miniaturized guidance control unit and a Dynetics developed lattice fin design. Aircraft integration as well as tailkit design and cost analyses will be performed. Lattice fin design development will be conducted in parallel with the aircraft integration and tailkit design effort. Once the tailkit and lattice fin designs are completed, the flight performance of the candidate munition will be assessed. The Phase I effort will result in a conceptual design of a highly compressed tailkit which will provide the starting point for a Phase II hardware development and technology demonstration effort.

DYNETICS, INC. P.O. Box 5500 Huntsville, AL 35814
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 244-5550 David Fralish AF 99-179
Title:	Commercial Tool Based Vulnerability Modeling and Simulation
Abstract:	Dynetics, Incorporated proposes to design (Phase I) and develop (Phase I and Phase II) an infrastructure within which the Air Force Research Lab Munitions Directorate can integrate software modules for vulnerability and lethality assessment. The objective of this effort is to address and solve the directorate's problems with the proprietary, limited purpose, executable only tool Modular Effectiveness Vulnerability Assessment (MEVA). Dynetics proposes an effort that would culminate both with the delivery of an entirely new infrastructure to enable the directorate's continued evolution of the MEVA replacement. This infrastructure will support the following engineering and research and development activities: Interpreted development environment; 'Smart' input parameter checking; Interactive analysis of results; Distributed execution of the separate modules; Validation efforts for the separate modules; distributed simulation; C++ code generation; Maintain state-of-the-art technology; Conversion to PC platforms.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RES. ASSOC. 15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 903-1000 John P. Dering AF 99-179
Title:	Munition Modeling and Technology Integration Research
Abstract:	In the 21st century the United States will face military scenarios requiring weapons with unprecedented capabilities including nonlethal force projection and potentially countering releases of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). High Power Acoustic Beam (HPAB) technology (i.e., weapons bases upon the effects of high intensity sound waves) can enable such diverse military operations as nonlethal force projection for area clearing, facility denial, landing zone clearout and acoustically settling airborne WMD agents. Advancements in acoustic weapons technology hardware have underscored the need to begin to address the payload packaging and interfacing overall systems engineering design strategy for a viable acoustic munition or sub-munition. SARA proposes to develop a packaging concept for an air delivered acoustic beam weapon for Air Force use during this Phase I program. This design will through follow on programs provide the foundation for the eventual development and production of acoustic munitions.

TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS, INC. 1210 Oakbrook Drive Ortonville, MI 48462
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 625-2990 Vern E. Brooks AF 99-179
Title:	Low-Cost Propulsion System for Smart Munitions
Abstract:	This program will provide a unique low-cost propulsion system for the Low Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS) weapon and other smart miniature munition systems. The initial phase of this program will start prior to the SBIR program and will be supported by commercial funding to accelerate the schedule for the design and hardware fabrication. The commercial funding will continue on a parallel basis during the SBIR Phase I effort so that this development program can keep pace with a critical vehicle development schedule. The combined program will provide operational engine-generator hardware that is ready for performance development and environmental testing during the SBIR Phase II portion of the program. This new turbojet engine will use existing production turbocharger rotating components, and a direct shaft mounted generator that will provide all of the vehicle electrical power for the 30-minute operating life. The engine will be configured from a proven base technology that has already demonstrated the features of compact configuration, easy starting, and fuel lubricated bearings. The current state-of-the-art for the cost of these small engines is 20% of the total vehicle cost, and the long-range cost objective for this engine system is to approach 10% of the total vehicle cost.

WINTEC, INC. 220 Eglin Parkway, SE, Ste 4 Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 664-6203 Fred L. Benedick AF 99-179
Title:	Munition Modeling & Technology Integration Research: Common Adaptable Electronics Suite for Tactical Munitions Dispenser and Other Miniature Storeage
Abstract:	A new generation of miniature munitions/stores including the Low Cost Autonomous Attack System, the Small Bomb System, and the Miniature Air Launched Decoy is entering development. These stores are to be carried and released by a variety of platforms including aircraft carried captive dispensers, flyout type canister dispensers, and independent platforms such as Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles. Electronics suites with close functional similarity are required in the various carriage platforms to provide interfacing to and control of the miniature store loadout. Significant economies across programs and logistics benefits could be achieved through development of a common electronics suite with tailorable variants for the different carriage platform applications, particularly if open system architecture and commercial off-the-shelf component use were inherent in the implementation approach. Development of such a common electronics suite requires a thorough understanding of the individual platform functional requirements and physical/packaging constraints. The effort proposed here would document miniature store carriage platform electronics requirements, investigate candidate implementation technologies, define a common electronics suite implementation concept, and develop a plan for concept verification in a representative implementation example such as a Tactical Munitions Dispenser (TMD).

CERACON, INC. 555 University Ave. Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 929-2927 Henry S. Meeks AF 99-180
Title:	Application of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) to Hard Target Penetrators (HTP)
Abstract:	The constant demand to improve the dynamic ballistic performance of tungsten based Hard Target penetrator (HTP) materials has forced the emergence of both new material systems and manufacturing processes. The use of functionally gradient materials (FGM) will provide both design and performance advantages over existing materials. Monolithic tungsten and tungsten-nickel-iron heavy alloys (WHA) have relied upon such manufacturing routes as hot forging and powder metallurgy (P/M) to provide useable end products. These methods however are plagued by significant processing problems, the most notable of which are forging strain cracks and loss of dimensional integrity using high temperature liquid phase sintering (LFS). Solid state densification via a well established and more flexible F/M forging route, The Coercion Technology, has emerged as an enabling technology capable of producing fully dense, near-net-shape components at cycle times as low as 3 to 5 minutes. Application of the Ceracon P/M forging technology to a combination of ballistic materials to yield a functionally gradient micro-structure will provide the next generation of high performance ballistic components.

GRADIENT TECHNOLOGY 2500 Shadywood RdSuite 139 Excelsior, MN 55331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 471-8804 William J. Taylor AF 99-180
Title:	Recovery and Reuse of Valuable Explosive Components from Plastic Bonded Explosives
Abstract:	Gradient Technology proposes to continue to develop its cost effective environmentally friendly process for recycling plastic bonded explosives. This project will test explosive particle compatibility with Gradient's plastic bonded explosive recovery process. A laboratory scale demonstration of the recovery process will be performed with real plastic bonded explosive. The proposed resource recovery and reuse process recovers all components of plastic bonded explosives. The valuable explosive components are recovered for reuse and the plastic binder is converted to polyurethane monomer precursors for resale to polyurethane monomer manufacturers. Gradient Technology has demonstrated that polyurethane coatings can be removed from surrogate particles in an artificial plastic bonded explosive.

NOVA RESEARCH, INC. 437 Second StreetSuite B Solvang, CA 93463
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 693-9600 Mark A. Massie AF 99-180
Title:	Focal Geometric Array Design for Guidance
Abstract:	This effort proposes a true innovation in the combined areas of missile guidance and ordnance fuzing that will lead to the development of a single imaging detector array with the capability of performing both functions simultaneously. A coordinated effort between Nova Research, Inc. and Optics 1, Inc. is proposed that will result in the development of a "Guidance Integrated Fusing" (GIF) systems requiring no gimbals, and which has essentially a full 4 steradian filed of view. Elimination of the sensor gimbal, and combining he guidance and fusing functions heretofore two independent detection systems will reduce complexity, weight and cost, and will greatly improve the overall reliability of the systems. Revolutionary optical and infrared detection design techniques must be used to design a "Focal Geometric Array" (FGA) that achieved the combined GFI functions by virtue of its unique design. The purpose of this effort will be to define requirements and produce initial design for the GFA, which will be influenced by the system's optical characteristics. Nova proposes a synergy under this effort with Optics 1, Inc. (see proposal titled "Missile Guidance and Fusing Using a Single Optical Systems and Aerodynamic Domes" by Mike Couture of Optics 1).

OPTICS 1, INC. 3050 Hillcrest DriveSuite 100 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 432-2148 Michael E. Couture AF 99-180
Title:	Missile Guidance and Fusing Using a Single Optical System and Aerodynamic Domes
Abstract:	Infrared guided missiles generally use two distinct optical systems to intercept enemy targets - a guidance system and a fusing system. The guidance system usually consists of a moderate field of view (FOV), moderate resolution optical system. The fusing system usually covers a significantly larger FOV at coarser resolution. A "hand-off' or cueing from guidance to fusing is required. In addition, while some research has been implemented toward utilizing domes with aerodynamic shapes, little implementation has taken place. OPTICS 1 proposes the use of a single zoom optical system for both guidance and fusing, eliminating the need for multiple optical systems and saving system cost and complexity. Such an optical system, if used with newly developed "foveal vision" focal plane arrays (FPAs) and on-chip signal processing, can likely perform all of the functions of the currently implemented systems. This technology, combined with aerodynamic dome shapes will allow operation over the existing flight envelopes of today's missiles with a single optical system. In this phase of the program, OPTICS 1 will leverage from work performed under previous programs including F08630-98-C-0022 (wide angle and zoom IR optics) and F08630-91-C-005 1 (aerodynamic dome shapes). In addition, O~CS 1 would propose investigating combination of this technology with "smart FPA" technology under development by NOVA Research and Amherst Technologies (see proposal titled "Focal Geometric Array Design for Guidance Integrated Fusing" submitted under topic number AF99-l80 by Mark Massie of NOVA Research).

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RES. ASSOC. 15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 903-1000 Jay B. Clecker AF 99-180
Title:	Ordnance Research
Abstract:	New weapon capabilities identified for the 21st century include countering weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and non-explosive force projection. Current weapon systems do not have capabilities that can meet these objectives. High intensity acoustic weapons can meet any new requirements such as nonlethal effects and removing suspended WMD agents from the air. High intensity sound sources packaged into a compact, air delivered ordnance will provide the warfighter with an ability to counter many new threat scenarios. Prior acoustic weapons developed for ground operations don't meet the weight/volume restrictions for air delivered warhead missions. SARA proposed a seminal demonstration, at the laboratory level, of a compact, high energy, acoustic source that will be the key enabling technology in harnessing acoustic weapons for compact air delivered/air dispensed weapons. This technology (on follow on programs) when scaled up and fully integrated into a warhead will provide the ability to project nonlethal force and to control collateral chemical/biological agent releases.

FREESTYLE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4152 Aldrich Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55409
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 823-7734 Kevin S. Schweiker, Ph.D. AF 99-181
Title:	Three Algorithms and a Topcoat: Novel Techniques for Laser Radars
Abstract:	The development of efficient algorithms to process laser radar returns is required by the dramatic increases in capabilities of laser radar hardware. Freestyle Technologies, Inc. will develop and demonstrate three innovative algorithms that will characterize clutter, aid in the detection of occluded targets, and provide aimpoint selection. In addition, Freestyle Technologies, Inc. will design and test a new topcoat for vehicles that will form the basis of a semi-cooperative identification Friend or Foe (Semi-IFF).

H.N. BURNS ENGINEERING CORP. 3275 Progress DriveSuite A Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 273-3770 H.N. Burns AF 99-181
Title:	Critical EO Technology Development for Next Generation Autonomous Weapon Guidance
Abstract:	Traditional imaging laser radar (IRL) systems perform a variety of mission-critical functions, including target detection and recognition, and precision weapon delivery. The recent decade has produced significant advances in ILR capabilities. New components, such as diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers and InGaAs avalanche photodetectors (APDs), have enabled construction of compact, high-performance ILRs that operate at eye-safe wavelengths. There have been significant advances in related support technology such as fiber optics, high-speed microelectronics, and diffractive optics. These advances present opportunities to expand the conventional role of IRLs. The new high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) lasers and high performance multichannel optical receivers can provide convert communication, formation station keeping, collision avoidance, threat warning, and automated landing capabilities. Multichannel, fiber-optic "backbones" can connect a single central optical processor to multiple, perimeter-distributed conformal apertures. The Phase I research will focus on a multichannel, fiber optic, signal distribution scheme. We will apply a variation of this basic concept to a compact focal plan scanner. We will investigate a new concept for a compact lens system, with consideration of replicated diffractive optics to further reduce the weight and cost. Our goal is to develop a versatile, robust, active IR system architecture, along with several critical components for the next generation autonomous laser-guided weapons.

OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC. 470 San Antonio Rd, Ste 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 858-8585 Dr. P.K. Menon AF 99-181
Title:	Real-Time, SDRE-Based Nonlinear Control Technology
Abstract:	SDRE technique is a recently developed approach for designing nonlinear control laws and estimation algorithms for any general nonlinear dynamic system. Although it has the potential to revolutionize control technology the industry acceptance of the technique has been slow. The primary reason appears to be due to the fact that it is computationally expensive to implement. This proposal advances the development of a software/hardware solution that will enable the rapid design and deployment of the SDRE control method in general purpose applications. The proposed systems will be configured using commercial off-the-shelf subsystems, and C/C++ software during Phase I research. Phase I research will demonstrate the prototype software/hardware solution. The commercialization of the technology will also be initiated during the Phase I research. Phase II work will develop a software/hardware solution that can be used in hardware-in-the-loop simulations, in the geometric form-factor suitable for eventual use as a flight-test article. The software/hardware solution will be specialize to an Air Force identified airframe and real-time operation will be demonstrated during Phase II work. This SDRE solution will be further developed into a flight-test article during Phase II research.

SEEKER TECHNOLOGIES INCORP. 838 North Eglin ParkwaySuite 408 Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 863-5351 David S. Flynn AF 99-181
Title:	Resolution Enhancement through Direct Spectral Extrapolation
Abstract:	The proliferation of the World Wide Web, high "resolution" printers, and inexpensive imaging equipment have recently made graphics and image processing a routine part of many common activities. Commercial software abounds to manipulate digital images. This proposal deals with a particular image processing function that has been much pursued in the scientific literature over the last several decades - image restoration or superresolution. The desire to see, display, or print small details with high "resolution" is common. In scientific applications, improved resolution of measurements may mean the difference between solving a particular problem, or not. However, real physical equipment is limited by physical considerations that make high resolution expensive or seemingly impossible. SeeTec proposes an unconventional approach to superresolution processing. Current methods provide modest resolution improvement, even under favorable conditions. These iterative methods are sometimes slow to converge, and require significant processing resources. SeeTec will study and implement a new method based on direct extrapolation of the measured image in some suitable basis or coordinate system. We will compare Fourier, Prolate Spheroidal Wavefunctions, and Wavelet bases for developing these new algorithms. The method will attempt to reconstruct information not passed by an imaging system, based on information that is passed, and a priori information about the allowable class of solution images, or constraints such as non-negativity of passively-sensed images. If successful, this prototype software will be refined and marketed as a useful tool in the graphics and image processing arenas.

BLUE LOTUS MICRO DEVICES 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 934-2100 Robert Hickman II AF 99-183
Title:	High Power Switching Transistors
Abstract:	Proposed here is the development of high temperature and high power vertical switching transistors for inductive load switching and pulse width or frequency modulation power converter applications. The single most important factor limiting high temperature wide bandgap power electronics is the availability of inexpensive large diameter substrates. The fast, high voltage power transistors will be fabricated from conducting GaN substrates. The program will target development of high temperature GaN vertical power transistors capable of >425�C operation with performance exceeding that of other semiconductor technologies. Effort will concentrate on designing a family of scalable devices which are capable of 10-100 Amperes absolute current, 2000-5000 V breakdown, <50 ns transient switch delay and >10MNz switching. Significant costs savings for power converter and management systems can be achieved by reduced thermal management hardware requirements and increased frequency of operation.

TPL, INC. 3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-4436 Tom Schilling AF 99-184
Title:	A Continuous Rod Electromagnetically Pulsed Warhead
Abstract:	Warhead technology could be furthered by a quantum step by incorporating electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects. The EMP generating warheads would disrupt electronic countermeasure (ECM) devices or disable communications centers without the necessity of significant collateral damage. TPL proposes to explore a Continuous Rod Electromagnetically Pulsed (CREMP) warhead which will extend the radius of influence by suing the Continuous Rod (CR) warhead as an "antenna" for EMP. Explosive flux compression generators are proposed to supply the necessary power. The dual package, warhead an power generator, is expected to fit within the typical constraints of a standard missile platform. The CREMP concept viability, feasibility, and effectiveness will be examined. Various preliminary design concepts will be investigated. Lethality estimates will be made for a range of engagement scenarios with respect to the CREMP warhead function. Limitations will be noted. Results of simulations will be used to design a strategy for advanced development. TPL has assembled an outstanding tem to conduct the proposed effort. Mr. T. Schilling will lead the effort assigned by Mr. D. Kennedy a celebrated authority in warhead design, and Mr. F. Williams a noted expert in the area of explosive flux compressors.

REYNOLDS SYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 122918649 Hwy 175 Middletown, CA 95461
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(707) 928-5244 Tom Reynolds AF 99-185
Title:	Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology for Systems Safety and Control
Abstract:	A concept is proposed for a unique, electronically activated low energy micro-initiator for use with MEMS type SAF devices. It is anticipated that the concept will require lower initiation energies for functioning secondary explosives than presently required by existing design, thus providing a "safe" low energy mechanism for either generating mechanical movement or providing explosive train initiation.

TANNER RESEARCH, INC. 2650 East Foothill Blvd Pasadena, CA 91107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 792-3000 Patrick Chu, Ph.D. AF 99-185
Title:	Chemical Energy Enhanced MEMS Safing Device
Abstract:	Tanner Research proposed to develop a novel safe, arm, and fire (SAF) system based on micro elector-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Our innovation is to incorporate a chemical energy source and an novel safety mechanism into a SAF device to minimize power consumption, increase reliability and safety, and reduce system cost. Our chemical energy enhanced MEMS SAF device will be made of micro-gears, cavities, and channels created by applying deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) and wafer bonding techniques to silicon chemical energy source and low-power trigger interruption mechanisms. Our device will be fabricated using commonly available fabrication equipment to ensure low-cost production and ease of manufacturing and technology transfer. The low-power requirement and extreme reliability of the Tanner Research SAF system are assets that will make it attractive for broad use. During Phase I, we will demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed concept by developing device specifications and component designs. During Phase II, we will develop and deliver a prototype SAF device.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 21 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-7267 Mitch Shifrin AF 99-186
Title:	Wireless Data Transmission Through Various Media
Abstract:	Effectiveness of weapons designed to inflict damages to underground targets cannot be assessed in real time without a data link between the penetrating body and a receiver on the surface. To implement a radio link, the radio transmitter output power must be sufficiently large to overcome the signal absorption in the ground. The radio signal absorption in the ground has been studied in the past, and a preliminary data base has been established. For direct assessment of penetrating weapons, however, a transmitter designed specifically for this application is desired. This proposal describes an approach to design and demonstrate a transmitter suitable for applications in penetrating weapons. Problems and issues unique to this application include: G-hardening and frequency stability during the penetration phase, frequency selection for optimum signal transmission, and the power output estimated to acquire and maintain a link. The proposed approach is to design a single transmitter signal source into a single chip and combine it with a power amplifier operating at output levels of 100 watts or more. The preferred frequency of what operation is in the VHF ban of 225-300 MHz. The operating scenario assumes that there will be an airborne receiver in a relay station deployed near the penetrating point. The signal loss from the transmitter to the receiver is expected to be of 140dB. A directive antenna conformal to the penetrating body is assumed for the transmitter. The proposed program plan includes: link budget analysis, MMIC source design, amplifier assessment, heat-sinking and power supply requirements analysis, and development of antenna concepts.

OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC. 470 San Antonio RoadSte 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 585-8585 Dr. P.K. Menon AF 99-187
Title:	Integrated Guidance-Autopilot Logics for Anti-Jam Operation of Precision Munitions
Abstract:	Rapid advances in GPS technology and the development of micro-mechanical inertial sensors have made it feasible to develop low-cost/high-accuracy navigation systems for applications such as the guidance of precision munitions. While the integrated GPS/INS technology offers an inexpensive navigation solution, the weapons systems relying on this technology are susceptible to jamming from external sources. If the jamming sources are localized, it is feasible to direct the flight vehicle in such a way as to shield the GPS antenna from jamming sources during its flight towards the target. Since this would involve the synergistic control of the vehicle flight path and attitude, the resulting control task is an integrated guidance-autopilot logic synthesis problem. This proposal advances tow approaches for deriving solutions to this integrated guidance-autopilot problem. Phase I research will demonstrate the integrated design methodology, and will illustrate the performance of the body-shading guidance-autopilot logics using a six degrees-of-freedom precision munitions simulation. Phase I research will also identify the sensor and estimation requirements for implementing the body-shading guidance technology. Phase II work will apply the integrated guidance algorithm to precision munitions identified by the Air Force. Application of advanced signal processing methodologies will also be explored during Phase II research.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 11000 Cedar Ave #170 Cleveland, OH 44106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 791-6749 Ravi Vaidyanathan AF 99-188
Title:	Biologically Inspired Target Seeking Reflex for Autonomous Munitions
Abstract:	Animals must integrate large amounts of sensor information to orient movement towards goals and away from threats, often in milliseconds, to survive. Identical directives are faced by autonomous munitions; particularly rapid assimilation of surroundings and instantaneous target seeking. Nature, through evolution and natural selection, has optimized this behavior. In particular, insects initiate actions reflexively in situations where no time for detailed information processing or planned decision making is possible. Possession of similar capabilities would increase the performance, speed and accuracy of all weapons systems. Orbital Research proposes developing an insect-like set of artificial reflexes - BioSeek - to enable autonomous munitions instant targeting and replanning capability. BioSeek will unionize two innovative biologically inspired technologies. The first, the Biologically Inspired Autonomous Vehicle Escape Reflex Tactic, or BioAVERT is a.neural map of an insect's motion reflex. The second, the Mulitresolution Automated Path Planning Evolutionary Routing or MAPPER genetic algorithm, is an automated path planner mimicking natural selection. The BioSeek targeting reflex will invert BiOAVERT for instantaneous targeting for autonomous munitions by implementing MAPPER to generate base sets of targeting patterns, then feeding them to BioAVERT to instantly elicit appropriate targeting patterns while still avoiding collisions with obstacles other than the target. Feasibility will be demonstrated by constructing a vehicle showing insect-like reflexes.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Magus S Snorrason AF 99-189
Title:	Situation-Adaptive Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Target Acquisition
Abstract:	The proposed research seeks to design a superior Autonomous Target Acquisition (ATA) algorithm by combining the best features of ladar-based and MMW-based (active/passive) ATA systems. We hope to overcome specific limitations of each system by incorporating complementary information from the other system. The thrust of our approach will be to determine specific regions of the sensors' mutual operational space where opportunities exist for synergistic fusion. Rather than first specifying a fusion approach and then testing it on various imagery, we will first analyze imagery to determine situations where detection rates can be increased and/or false alarm rates decreased by combining information from both sensors. For each such situation, we will test various promising fusion approaches and rank their effects on detection and false alarm rates using only imagery that is representative for the given situation. Finally, to automate the switching of fusion approaches, we will design a situation-adaptive expert system that determines when the missile enters a given situation based on sensed contextual information and on-board exogenous data sources. All sensor fusion approaches require co-registered imagery, but real-world sensors are frequently misaligned. We propose a highly robust, computationally efficient image registration solution based on the Quadrature Disambiguation algorithm.

DPD, INC. 2000 Turner Street Lansing, MI 48906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(517) 349-5653 Ken Ostowari AF 99-190
Title:	Quantitative Microstructural Investigation of Concrete
Abstract:	We propose to synthesize modem techniques of image analysis with the existing knowledge of concrete deterioration and failure processes in order to develop a comprehensive and efficient basis for quantitative microscopic analysis of the damage mechanisms in concrete. The focus of this research is on microstructural attributes which best characterize damage mechanisms in concrete; these include: (1) the volume, spatial distribution, networking, tortuosity, orientation, number, width and spacing of microcracks and cracks; (2) volume, spatial distribution, number, continuity, shape and size of voids; and (3) contiguity relationships of microcracks, cracks, voids, aggregates, and aggregate-paste interfaces. The following objectives are proposed to be accomplished in Phase I research: (1) identify the quantifiable micro structural features which reflect on prevalent damage mechanisms; (2) select image analysis and statistics principles and tools for evaluation of the quantifiable features; (3) develop a sampling plan for quantification and statistical inference of microstructural damage; (4) select suitable sample preparation and microscopy techniques; (5) experimentally verify the approach; and (6) devise an integrated computer-based system dedicated to the implementation of the new approach to micro structural damage quantification of concrete.

GLOBAL TECHNOLGOY CONNECTION, INC. 2690 Spencers Trace #108 Marietta, GA 30062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 971-4084 Dr. A.B. Thakker AF 99-190
Title:	Concrete Building Materials Microstructural Damage Quantification
Abstract:	Recent advances in image analysis techniques have opened up exciting new opportunities for studying concrete materials at micro scales and using quantitative measures obtained with these methods to provide new insight into the macro-scale behavior. The overall goal of the proposed program is to develop low cost commercially viable experimental and computer based automated algorithms that can relate concrete micro-structural attribute to bulk physical properties. This development will have wide applicability in both attributes to bulk physical properties. This development will have wide applicability in both military and civilian structures. Additionally, other advances in ballistic penetration behavior, earthquake and explosive damage assessment as well as improved concrete formulations are also envisioned. Phase I will primarily deal with development of visualization and quantification techniques including computerized data reduction algorithms for concrete. Phase II will target correlation of micro and macro properties and development of commercial automated computerized data reduction package. Commercialization of this technology as well as third party funding will be emphasized throughout the program. An eminently qualified interdisciplinary team with years of experience in image analysis, experimental and analytical damage assessment techniques in metallic, inter-metallic, geo-materials and concrete structure property relationship is proposed for this program.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. P.O. Box 7488 Boulder, CO 80306
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Wayne S. Pelouch AF 99-191
Title:	Nonlinear Optical Image Enhancement for LADAR
Abstract:	Active imaging in the short- and mid-wave infrared has well-known benefits versus shorter wavelengths: eye safety, better visibility through battlefield obscurants, high atmospheric. transmission, and reduced background emission. However, detectors in this spectral region suffer from low bandwidths and poor sensitivity, often requiring cryogenic cooling to achieve a modest detectivity. CTI proposes to enhance the active imaging capability in the 1.5 to 4 -um region by utilizing a nonlinear optical (NLO) converter which provides frequency shifting to shorter wavelengths where cheaper, faster, lower noise, and room-temperature detectors exist. In addition, it provides optical gain, spectral filtering, controlled field-of-view, and superior rejection of background radiation. This results in an increase in performance to nearly the shot-noise limit without sacrificing ranging capability. Modern NLO materials can operate with high efficiency using modest pump sources in a compact design. The enhanced receiver capability reduces the pump power constraints resulting in a more compact overall system. Advanced sensor functionality including range-gating can be performed optically by modulating the pump source. In Phase I, CTI will conduct detailed analyses and laboratory demonstrations to validate the proposed concept. In Phase II, an enhanced-imaging breadboard receiver will be tested and delivered.

AEGIS RESEARCH CORP. 6703 Odyssey DriveSuite 200 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 922-0802 Michael C. Cornell AF 99-192
Title:	LADAR Scene Projection for Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR effort is develop a LADAR Scene Projector to meet the demands of closed-loop weapon testing in a Hardware-In-The-Loop simulation environment. The goal of the Phase I research is to develop a conceptual design of the LADAR Scene Projector, which, at a minimum, can accurately simulate the optical return signals of a LADAR seeker and deliver the optical signals directly to the detectors of the sensor. In addition, this research will determine if it is feasible for the projector to deliver the optical signals at the precise angular position of the seeker's optical receiver, which is determined by the seeker gimbal position and the attitude position synthesized by a flight motion simulator. The proposal details the various tasks to be done along with the technical approaches to be considered to meet the stated goal. The results of the Phase I research will lead directly to the development of a LADAR scene projection system during Phase II.

SY TECHNOLOGY, INC. 654 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 922-9095 David Chenault AF 99-193
Title:	Fast Imaging Polarimetry
Abstract:	Polarization imaging holds promise for providing significant improvements in contrast in a number of target detection and discrimination applications. It has been demonstrated that manmade objects have a significantly stronger polarization signal than natural backgrounds. There is also strong promise for improved target-background contrast with active imaging polarimeters, instruments with capabilities similar to polarimetric ladar systems. However, these experimental systems frequently require long data acquisition times resulting in polarization artifacts. Additionally, calibration and investigation of systematic errors in these systems has not been satisfactorily demonstrated. SY Technology, Inc. proposes to develop a fast (>30 Hz) imaging polarimeter with passive and active mode capability in the near-infrared (0.9 - 1.7 mm). The active mode will further understanding of phenomenology of interest to polarimetric ladar systems, while the passive mode will provide additional information on target signatures under ambient light The polarimeter design, to be completed for Phase I, will include component specifications, schematics data reduction algorithms, calibration procedures, and a thorough performance analysis. The prototype instrument will be built in Phase II. The near-infrared instrument will be designed to be compatible with a polarimetric sensor architecture, a modular system that will expand the fast polarimeter capability to other wavebands.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 11400 West Olympic BlvdSuite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Raymond L. Durand AF 99-194
Title:	Visible Wavelength Scene Projection for Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
Abstract:	The Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware In the Loop Simulation (KHILS) facility requires a Visible Wavelength Scene Projection system for HIL testing of visible sensors. The Visible Projector must meet stressing performance requirements in order to provide valid and credible test results on a wide variety of sensors. The Visible Projector must generate a frame of at least 1,000 by 1,000 pixels at rates exceeding 100 Hz. Moreover, the projected image must be free of temporal fluctuations during the frame, a requirement that commercial TV displays fail to meet TSC has designed a Visible Projector that meets these stringent requirements. The TSC design is based entirely on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment, principally the digital light projectorTM of Texas Instruments and laboratory optical components. We also describe methods that decrease the number of system components while simultaneously increasing the performance of the Visible Projector.

MODERN ALLOY CO.L.L.C. 29777 Telegraph Rd, Ste 2475 Southfield, MI 48034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 799-2885 Dr. Vladimir Fedchun AF 99-195
Title:	Innovative Methods for Improving Strength and Fracture Toughness of Steel
Abstract:	The proposal submitted herein is based on many years of research by the principal investigator into effects of various groups of alloying elements on structure and properties of alfa- and gamma- iron based steels subjected to various types of heat and chemical treatment. Test results of the proprietary alloying system developed from this research, which is based on a particular combination of three alloying elements - (Si + Cu) / V, indicate that a complex of mechanical characteristics (strength, ductility and fracture toughness) superior to the best currently available low and medium alloy steels can be achieved. The cost of this new steel should remain low, approximately 10-20% below such popular grade as 300M. Flexibility and predictability of the above alloying system exhibited in earlier experiments allows to project with reasonable degree of confidence characteristics of an alloy optimized for impact resistance and fracture toughness. It is expected that the proposed alloy will show strength and ductility characteristics equal or better than 300M, with fracture toughness being better than HP9-4-25 steel. Processing characteristics - formability, hardenability, machinability and weldability of the new steel are expected to be comparable to medium-carbon grades like AISI 1045, 1050 and 4340.

ARETE ASSOC. 333 North WilmotSuite 450 Tucson, AZ 85711
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 571-8660 Brian Redman AF 99-196
Title:	Missile Seeker 3D Imaging Ladar using a Streak Tube Imaging LIDAR (STIL)
Abstract:	The Streak Tube Imaging LIDAR (STIL) is a high resolution 3-D imaging system that improves automatic target acquisition/recognition (ATAIR) at significant standoff ranges. The patented STIL approach is based on application of mature, commercial technologies, and has been demonstrated in the laboratory, ship-based experiments, and airborne demonstrations. STIL uses a fan beam laser illuminator, 1-D scanning or scannerless push broom imaging, and electrostatic sweep to generate high resolution 3-D images in a rugged compact configuration suitable for autonomous missile seeker applications. STIL is an ideal sensor for missile seeker automatic target acquisition/recognition in both the direct attack and wide area search scenarios. Conceptual designs indicate that an eye-safe configuration at 1.5 �m wavelength can achieve 6 inch range measurement resolution and sub-milliradian angular resolution with an operational stand-off range of 1 km. Physical configuration (volume, weight, power) is well suited for the missile seeker platform. Arete proposes to directly demonstrate STIL's ability to achieve the necessary 3-D image resolution for missile seeker ATAIR applications by adapting and utilizing existing, proven hardware for a cost-effective Phase I concept validation. Prototype system development will follow in Phase II, and include detailed design, fabrication, integration, and demonstration of a compact, rugged prototype configuration suitable for missile seeker deployment. Results of the Phase II effort are directly applicable to machine vision, and other commercial imaging applications.

PIXELVISION, INC. 14964 NW Greenbrier Pkwy Beaverton, OR 97006
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 629-3210 George Williams AF 99-197
Title:	Optimization and Stabilization of Thinned CCD Back Surface Allowing Gain Modulation of EBCCD Sensors
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing an optimized electron bombarded charge coupled device (EBCCD) imager which has nearly ideal gain characteristics and stability. Additionally. we intend to demonstrate the feasibility of gating and modulating the back surface of the CCD at MHZ rates - eliminating the need to modulate the EBCCD photocathode. Current accumulation techniques used to accumulate the back surface of thinned CCDS are inadequate for optimized EBCCD performance because standard processes leave a depletion region at the back surface that cause some electron holes pairs to recombine and not be detected. We will use MBE 'delta doping" and a "biased flash gate" back surface preparation of ten high speed, back-illuminated CCDs provided to the program on a cost sharing basis. The surface techniques have been demonstrated to have characteristics that make them better suited to EBCCD operation. Moreover, biased flash gates will permit modulation of the EBCCD gain. Optimization of the CCD back-surface is important for the following reasons: 1) non-electrically-pinned CCD back-surfaces exhibit hysterisis and instabilities, 2) improperly passivated CCD back surfaces result in "dead layers" that have poor gain versus voltage performance (this is important because voltages above 1.8 keV cause resulting k-alpha x-rays to damage the CCD) - higher gain at the requisite low voltages permits better signal-to-noise, 3) for reliable manufacturing. control is needed over the back-surface characteristics, and 4) gain and modulation control - independent of photocathode greatly reduces high voltage power supply complexity and is ideal for LADAR applications.

JOHNSON ROCKETS, INC. 359 Fairview Drive Carson City, NV 89701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(775) 885-0139 Curtis W. Johnson AF 99-204
Title:	High Aspect Ratio Coolant Channels for Regeneratively Cooled Combustion Chambers
Abstract:	In high heat flux applications, typical regeneratively-cooled combustion chambers have very high pressure drops which significantly increase the demands on turbomachinery. These high pressure drops are largely due to high coolant velocities in the regen circuits caused by the use of low-aspect ratio coolant channels (4:1). In addition, low aspect ratio coolant lines cannot be tailored to optimize heat transfer throughout the regen circuit, this results in overcooling near the injector and nozzle exit. Adopting coolant channels with higher aspect ratios (15:1 instead of 4:1) would significantly reduce the pressure drop of the combustion chamber. However, in high aspect ratio channels, flow stratification causes heated coolant to stay near the hot gas wall, resulting in higher wall temperatures, reduced cycle life, and potential chamber failure. Flow stratification must be understood and eliminated if higher aspect ratio cooling channels are to become a practical technology. This effort will develop a theoretical model of flow stratification and a methodology for its mitigation in coolant channels by: 1) performing combined CFD/Heat Transfer analyses of channels with various aspect ratios to obtain an initial assessment of flow stratification, 2) anchoring the numerical results with experimental testing, and 3) developing technologies to mitigate the stratification of the coolant in the channels.

MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 56 Rogers Street Cambridge, MA 02142
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 252-0660 Dr M.C. van Schoor AF 99-204
Title:	Piezo Propellant Ignition Device
Abstract:	Propellant technologies are of the most crucial to revolutionize aerospace propulsion in the next century. New propellants strive to make spacecraft safer, more operable and higher performing. Propellant technologies have the power to make space flight more affordable and deliver higher performance. Propellants for in space maneuvering need to be ignited to release its chemical energy. The ignition concepts used today deplete spacecraft auxiliary power. Mono and Bi propellants uses catalysts for ignition. The disadvantages of these propellants are their susceptibility to spontaneoud decomposition due to leakage and their toxicity. The innovation described here utilizes a piezoelectrical element for the ignition of propellants. The device uses the dynamic pressure of the propellant in the feed line to strain a piezo element and thus generate an electrical charge. The charge is used for ignition by means of a spark or other ignition concepts. The advantage is a low cost simple and reliable concept that does not deplete spacecraft power.

MSE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC. 200 Technology WayP.O. Box 4078 Butte, MT 59702
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 494-7177 Vladimir Balepin AF 99-204
Title:	A New Rocket-based Combined Cycle for Reusable Launch Vehicles
Abstract:	MSE Technology Applications, Inc. (MSE), with United Technologies Research Center and HyperTech Concepts Company proposes to develop combine propulsion for a small reusable launch vehicle (RLV), known as the KLINtm Cycle, consisting of a thermally integrated deeply cooled turbojet and liquid rocket engine. The objective of this approach is to achieve a high pressure ratio in a simple, lightweight turbojet engine. The result is an exceptional engine thrust-to-weight ratio and improved specific impulse and mass fraction of the launcher. For a heavy launcher, the KLINtm Cycle promises RLV gross takeoff weight (GTOW) reduction by a factor of two with prospects of lower dry weight. If based on the FL-10 engine family, the KLINtm Cycle makes a small single-stage-to-orbit and two-stage-to-orbit RLV feasible and economically very attractive. Specific objectives of the initial portion of the study are to demonstrate: 1) the performance and mass of a KLINtm Cycle based on an existing rocket engine of the RL-10 family applied to a small RLV; 2) the advantages of integrating a KLINtm Cycle into a small RLV (50-100 ton of GTOW); 3) the core technology development program. The benefit to the Air Force is low life-cycle cost combined propulsion for a space plan which can double existing rocket propulsion capabilities by the year 2010.

ULTRAMET 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Brian E. Williams AF 99-204
Title:	Practical Application of Low-Cost Carbon/Carbon Structures in Solid Rocket Motors
Abstract:	In order for solid rocket motors (SRMs) to achieve Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) goals of cost, reliability, mass fraction, and specific impulse, a significant improvement in throat materials must be made. Lightweight, economical, low-no/erosion throat materials are critical to achievement of those goals. Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are used in this application; however, in tactical motors using advanced propellants, these components exhibit unacceptably high erosion and oxidation rates. And although the cost of C/C is lower than that of most ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), the relatively long densification times (weeks) coupled with the cost of fibers and preform fabrication makes the material too expensive for many applications. Therefore, the two primary problems preventing more extensive use of C/C in SRMs are survivability and cost. In previous work for the Air Force and NASA, Ultramet has demonstrated the outstanding thermal and oxidation performance of its patented Ultra2000TM hafnium carbide/silicon (Hfc/SiC) coating through arcjet testing of various coated carbon and CMC structures at the Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center and NASA's Ames Research Center. Surface temperatures as high as 4600 deg F have been achieved with no mass or dimensional change. The potential exists to increase the highly refractory HfC content within the coating in order to survive greater temperatures over the lifetime of an SRM. In this project, Ultramet proposes to team with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), which has developed a rapid and cost-effective means of producing quality C/C material, and the Chemical Systems Division of Pratt & Whitney, which will provide test facilities and commercialization expertise, in order to fabricate and test a coated C/C SRM nozzle with economic and performance capabilities that far exceed those of current materials.

CONCEPTS ETI, INC. 217 Billings Farm Road White River Jct., VT 05001
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 296-2321 Tsukasa Yoshinaka AF 99-205
Title:	Combustor with Integrated Diffuser and Turbine Inlet for compact Advanced Gas Turbines
Abstract:	The synergistic design of the combustor, compressor diffuser, and turbine inlet guide vane is proposed to maintain angular momentum (swirl knietic energy) from the compressor rotor discharge while permitting bulk swirl witnin the combustor at relatively high Mach number. This innovation extends a demonstation of the variable residence time (VRT) combustor, which exploited a circumferentially bulk swirling flow within the combustor, to establish a high performance combustion process. Because combustion iwht swirl and gigher Mach number, the last compressor vane row and the first turbine vane are modified to provide less aerodynamic turning and less velocity change, thus reducing losses through all reduced with improved efficiency in support of the IHPTET initiative. phase I work includes combustor rig tests with varying degrees of swirl (0 to 60) and high Mach number (0.2 to 0.6). The rig test results will be used for comprehensive cycle evaluations to quantify the impact from high swirl/Mach number on cycle performance and size. Phase I test and analysis results will demonstrate that reduced losses lead to at least two tofour more points of compressor efficiency and one or two more points of turbine efficiency.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4247 Jeffrey H. Eveson AF 99-205
Title:	High Temperature, Multiple Purpose MEMS Sensors
Abstract:	Foster-Miller and Cornell University propose to develop very small, MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) sensors based on silicon nitride. These sensors can operate at very high temperatures (600C), considerably past the point where silicon sensors fail. due to the laser-based readout mechanism of the proposed MEMS sensor configuration, simultaneous measurements of pressure, vibration and temperature are feasible. These are important advantages of sensors that will be required to assist inthe desing process of advanced unmanned air vehicles (UAVs).

RESEARCH APPLICATIONS, INC. 11772 Sorrento Valley Road, Su San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 259-7541 Jalees Ahmad, PH. D AF 99-205
Title:	Life Prediction Software for Ceramic Composite Components with Environmental Barrier Coatings
Abstract:	There is a need for a fundamentally sound and experimentally validated methodology and software for life prediction for ceramic matrix composite (CMC) propulsion system components and attachments with environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The present proposal is for a reserach and development project focused on developing the needed methodology would be implemented in a software package for use by design engineers. A mechanistic framework is proposed for developing the methodology which includes explicit consideration of damage mechanisms relevant to EB Coated CMCs. Phase I involves model development and preliminary validate of the methodology; mainly to assess the viability of a more comprehensive software development effort in Phase II. The proposed product is timely for IHPTET applications, and readily marketable to military and commercial aerospace industries and to land based gas turbine manufacturers. The development effort directly complements Air Force's ongoing activities in CMC components development for advanced jet engine and rocket propulsion systems.

SRS TECHNOLOGIES 500 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 971-7813 Charles B. DePlachett AF 99-205
Title:	Innovative Visual Modeling Environment for the Turbine Engine Reverse Modeling Aid Program
Abstract:	The proposed innivation is a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI), or Visual Modeling Environment (VME) for the Turbine Engine Reverse Modeling Aid Program (TERMAP). Although TERMAP is the primary modeling tool used by the Air Force and DoD to model gas turbine engine propulsion systems, it is cumbersome, difficult to learn, and time consuming to use. The purposed innovation meets the requirement of AF99-205, Aero Propulsion and Poser Technology, by developing a powerful, innovation, and time-saving analysis technique for the design of gas turbine engines and threby supports the Integrated Ghigh performance turbine Engine Technology (IGPTET) initiative. The objectives of this effort are to design and develop a software packagte that demonstrates significant effectiveness and utility. The Phase I software will include: an engine cycle component drag and drop interface, scaling and display of analysis results using integrated graphing package. A final report will also be delivered detailing the Phase I approach, software architecture, object-oriented design, and results. This innovation will likewise reduce engine development times and associated costs to the Air Force and DoD for manned and unmanned air vehicles (UAV) applications.

TAITECH, INC. 2372 Lakeview Dr. Ste H Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-414 Dr. Susan K. cox-Stouffer AF 99-205
Title:	An Innovative Fuel Injection System for Improvied Mixing and Penetration in Scramjet Combustors
Abstract:	The importance of a low-drag, efficient fuel injection systemfor scramjet combusion cannot be overstated. Fuel injection and mixing have been identified by the Air Force Hypersonic Technology Office as significant "technological challneges," which must be addressed as a prerequisite for "succeccful scramjet operation." To this end, the primary ofjective of the proposed research program is to provide the engine designer with scramjet fuel injectors that achieve better penetration, lower performance losses, and higher mixing efficiencies than previously tested fuel injections. This will be accomplished through the use of narrow, flush-mounted, locally pressure-matched injectors that would produce little drafg, require no active colling,and produce only a small region of high heat flux on the combustor wall. The military and private-sector markets for a dramatically improved scarmjet injector are substantial, and the development of such an injector would greatly strenghten the position of the developing organization within the niche area of hypersonic propulsion. Indeed, such an achievement would allow a small business to pursue strategic alliance with major propulsion system developers and integrators, placing revolutionary scramjet technology in the hands of organizations with the potential for successful application of that technology and giving the small business an opportunity to broaden its involvement in the aerospace industry.

AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP. Two Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 836-4200 Dr. C.L.H. Thieme AF 99-206
Title:	Manufacture of YBCO Coated Conductors with High Engineering Critical Currents
Abstract:	High power motors and generators can be made very compact when run under cryogenic conditions. For further enhancements in power densities it is highly desirable to use High Temperature Superconductors with a greatly enhanced critical current densigy Jc at 3T at 77K, which would allow the use of liquid nitrogen as a coolant. Under these operating conditions the superconductor YBa2Cu30x (YBCO) can become the enabling material for these devices as it has excellent magnetic field retention of Jc at 77K. For high Jc-YBCO the superconductor needs to be bi-axially textured, achievable by epitaxial deposition of a buffer and YBCO layer on a bi-axially textured metal substrate. This substrate shoud be non-magnetic to reduce ac losses, and thin to obtain high engineering critical current densities Je and rduce conductor cost. This Project will produce long lengths of very thin, non-magnetic substrates with excellent control over substrate dimensions and texture quality. In the Phase I one meter lengths will be coated with an epitaxial buffer and MOD YBCO layer, aiming at a Je of 2500 A/cm2 at 77K, 3T. In the Phase II 25m of a more complex conductor will be produced, with an increased Je 10,000 A/ cm2 at 77K, 3T.

ELECTRODYNAMICS ASSOC., INC. 409 Eastbridge Drive Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 977-1825 Jay Vaidya AF 99-206
Title:	High Voltage 100-500 kW Power System for Directed Energy Weapons
Abstract:	High voltage power sources will be required for Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) on future fighter planes, staellites, and space planes. Our proposal focuses on the 100-500 kW power range at 100's kV dc voltage level. Generator technology capable of producing high levels of ac voltage, step-up transformer, and power conditioning unit are covered. The disign goals are: high power density, releability, cycle efficiency, and quality of electric power. Permanent Magnet (PM) synchronous and induction generator technologies as well as improved winding insulation and cooling schemes will be evaluated. The Integrated Poer Unit (IPU), which is currently under development at WPAFB is considered the baseline. This allows use of existing mechanical hardware from the IPU for the development testing during Phase II. A number of options for the controller topologies for the 2 generator types are discussed. The optimim topology will be down-selected after complete evaluation. Electric Start function will be included. Final report comprising the generator and controller design will be submitted at the end of the first 6 monlth period. Following 3 months Phase I Option period will be utilized for generator design layout, system simulation and cost estimates. The entire activity will be executed by an inter-disciplinary team of experts assempled by Electrodynamics.

INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 2766 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-2923 Peter Bletzinger, Ph.D. AF 99-207
Title:	Robust MEMS Structures for Flow Control and Engine Sensors
Abstract:	Aircraft-turbine-engine operation can greatly benefit from the development of sensors and actuators (pressure sensors, flow controllers, etc) that can withstand the gigh-temperature environment at various close-in locations. In this Phase I proposal, ISSI, in collaboration with the University of Cincinnati, will determine the feasibility of using SiC for high-timperature turbine engine fan and compressor-blade air-flow control and sensor structures. SiC is a refractory semiconductor material that has been used to fabricate robust electronic devices operating at temperatures higher than 600C. A plan will be drafted and executed for specific SiC sensor and flow-control structure and technology development during a subsequent Phase II program.

GINER, INC. 14 Spring Street Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 899-7270 Richard J. Lawrance AF 99-208
Title:	Integrated, Light-Weight Regenerative Fuel Cell-Electrolyzer System
Abstract:	Combining proton exchange membrane fuel cells with electrolyzers (PEMFC/EC) can offer higher efficiencies, higher power, long endurance missions. However, current proton exchange membrane fuel cell/electrolyzer PEMFC/ED systems need to improve the projected power and energy densities. PEMFC/EC systems, have previously been investigated for providing regenerative power based on one stack for the electrolysis of water and one for the PEMFC. Combining Giner, Inc. unique stack designs containing low cost molded light weight cell bipolar plates with integral flow fields with a cell spacing of 10 cells per inch and our innovative bi-directional electrodes will result in a stack projected to produce 1.1 kW/L and 0.7 kW/kg. Adapting our innovative stack designsto an existing UAV woudl expand tremendously the knowledge base for development of future UAFBs. Wehave teamed with AeroVironment Inc., designers and builders of serveral UAVs, including themost recent "Centurion". The Centurion willinitially use Li/SO2 battery, but has limited flight times. The UAV of the future will have greater thatn three months flying time using a regenrative fuel cell system.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6785 Hollister Ave. Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-3302 Mr. Sam Boykin AF 99-209
Title:	Power Generation and Thermal Management
Abstract:	This research project will result in the development of a cost analysis tool used for critical design trades early in the development process of new systems. The tool will enable the engineer, analyst, scientiest, or system planner to conduct life-cycle cost evaluations duringthe development process. The cost evaluations will contribute to effective design trades ensuring integral affordability considerations are part of th performance design factors. The tool integrates several detailed cost models that are accepted standards within the financial management community. A computer graphical interface guides the user through detailed cost model interactions to provide quick and easy life-cycle cost estimates. This tool will have data available for numerous system types; however, a primary focus of this research is to identify, collect and organize data applicable to aerospace power systems and tailor the database structure for integration with accepted cost models used in the tool. The Phase I research will result in an initial prototype of the tool which will be used to gain user comments to guide the Phase II development. The Phase II effort will fully develop and test the prototype, with the objective of a commercial tool in Phase III.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow PlacePines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 631-3550 Lawrence R. Grzyll AF 99-209
Title:	A High-Efficiency, Low-Power, Two-Phase Pumped Loop (MEC Prop No. 901LG2002)
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I research is to design, fabricate, and test a high-effeciency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop. This high-efficiency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop will use a unique two-phase working fluid pair that offers the capability of higher efficiency and lower pumping power becuase of its heat of solution characteristic. This heat of solution characteristic, combined with the latent heat of vaporazation, significantly increases the cooling capacity of the working fluid, resulting in significantly lower flow rates required for a given cooling load, decreasing the pumping power required. The Phase I effort will analyze varous working fluid pairs, select the optimum fluid pair, design and fabricate a two-phase pumped loop test stand, and compare the performance of the two-phase pumped loop operating with the working fluid pair to the performance of the same loop operating with two-phase single-component fluid alone.

CRYO ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 24 Boston Ave Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 483-3100 Ellery Schempp AF 99-210
Title:	Engineering Development of Cryogenic Capacitors
Abstract:	This research project willresult inthe development of a cost analysis tool used for critical design trades early inthe development process of new systems. The tool will enable the engineer, analyst, scientist, or system planner to conduct life-cycle cost evaluationsduring the development process. The cost evaluations will contribute to effective design trades ensuring integral affordability consideratons are part of the performance design factors. The tool integrates several detailed cost models that are accepted standards within the financial management community. A computer graphical interface guides ther user through detailed cost model interactions to provide quickand easy life-cycle cost estimates. This tool will have data available for numerous system types; however, a primary focus of this research is to identify, collect and organize data applicable to aerospace power systems and tailro the database structure for integration with accepted cost models used in the tool. The Phase I research will result in an initial prototype of the tool which will be used to gain user comments to guide the Phase II development. The Phase II effort will fully develop and test the prototype, with the objective of a commercial tool in Phase III.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4139 William Dorogy AF 99-210
Title:	Novel Class of Polymers for Energy Storage Capacitors
Abstract:	Pulsed power systems need capacitors with energy densities inexcess of 10 kJ/kg (preferably 30 kJ/kg to keep the size of power conditioning systems manageable. Current dielectric materials are the major limiting factor inaccomplishing this goal. Foster-Miller proposes to develop a true polymeric dielectric material with extremely hgih deilectric constant, good dielectric strentgh and low loss, typical of high polymers. OUr approach is based on creating a dielectric which mimics the highly polarizable perovskite structure of titanatesi a true polymer. This propsal describes two classes of materials, and appropriate polymerization techniques to achieve this goal. In Phase I, we will synthesize monomers,and verify that they contain highly posarizable configuratesn via X-ray crystallography and dielectric measurements, and create a high molecurlar weight polymer with these monomers. In Phase II, we will scale-up the precesses, and teaming with Aerovox fabricate capacitors with energy density in excess of 10 kJ/kg, and energy storage above 2 kJ.

HESTON CONSULTING CO., INC. 430 Lebanon Road West Mifflin, PA 15122
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 462-9877 Lawrence John Long AF 99-211
Title:	Integral Superconducting Electrical Power
Abstract:	Existing rocket engines use multiple auxiliary power systems (electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic) to provide power for valves, actuators, flight controls, propellant pumps and electrical systems. The size, weight and complexity of these systems detracts from many aspects of rocket performance. A lightweight source of abundant electrical power could allow us to replace these multiple hydraulic and pneumatic systems with a lightweight electrical generator driving electrically operated valves, actuators and other devices. Recent advances in superconductor technology combined with the unique environment aboard rockets with cryogenic propellants may make it possible to build a lightweight cryogenic generator to provide abundant electrical power needed to "electrify" conventional rocket systems. The generator would become an intergal part of the cryogenic boost pump and would be driven by the existing turbine. Such a system could significantly reduce the size, weight and complexity of traditional auxiliary systems, resulting in higher reliability, lower cost and easier control, monitoring and maintenance. In this SBIR program we will work with engine and vehicle and superconductor manufacturers to develop the preliminary design of a 300 kelowatt cryogenic generator that is integrated into a LH2 turbopump. The generator will be built and tested in Phase II.

ECOTECH 3239 Monier CircleSuite #4 Rancho Cordova, CA 95742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 631-6310 Charles E. Grix AF 99-212
Title:	Injectable Solution Solid Propellant
Abstract:	This program will develop aluminum filled crosslinked organic polymers into which a liquid oxidizer such as a hydroxylammonium nitrate eutectic can be swollen. These beads can then be used as an injectable solution solid propellant, having many of the advantages of solids and liquids with few of the disadvantages. Higher motor mass fractions can be realized because no insulation, liners or motor cores are required. Also, this propellant system in inherently safe because the beads and the oxidizer do not have to be combined in the storage chamber until a short time prior to use. The beads will make possible the distribution of dense solid powders in a polymer matrix such that the composite density of the beads will be close to that of the liquid oxidizer and, as a consequence, will remain permanently suspended in the excess liquid oxidizer used. Performance should be comparable to aluminized solid propellants.

ENVIRONMENTAL AEROSCIENCE CORP. 7290 SW 42 St. Miami, FL 33155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(305) 267-7588 Korey R. Kline AF 99-212
Title:	High Performance Oxidizer System for Hybrid Missiles
Abstract:	Hybrid rocket motors based on gaseous and liquid oxidizers have been successfully demonstrated in the past. The offeror's proposed design consists of the consolidation of high performance solid or semi-solid oxidizers into individual high density sealed packages. These packets would be stored in the oxidizer section of the rocket and could be delivered at a controlled rate to the hybrid combustion chamber. Throttling and start/stop capabilities which are inherent characteristics of hybrid propulsion systems would be realized in this design. Delivery of these packets could be accomplished by a number of means such as pyrotechnics and gas charge or either method in combination with acceleration forces. Geometry of the packages can be tailored to optimize packaging, structural efficiency, delivery systems and storage (pressurization). Storage, stability, safety and munition sensitivity could be improved while realizing the benefits of these high performance oxidizers. Hybrid propulsion systems offer a number of advantages over conventional solid motors when used in conjunction with high performance oxidizers. Because the oxidizer is stored separately from the fuel component until use, the need to compound the oxidizer with the appropriate fuel/binder system is eliminated. This is a definite advantage because high performance oxidizers such as HNF have been shown to react with a number of common curative agents used in solid propellant binder systems. Hermetically sealed oxidizer packets minimize environmental exposure of the oxidizer compound and offer the potential for improved storage, deployment and long term stability. A successful packetized hybrid motor design has the potential of improving bulk loading limitations found in conventional hybrids. Hybrid rocket motors utilizing high performance storable oxidizers have commercial applications in military tactical missiles, ballistic targets and non-military aerospace propulsion systems.

SRS TECHNOLOGIES 500 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 971-7819 Kent Gunter AF 99-213
Title:	Inflatable Solar Concentrator Flight Experiment
Abstract:	Thin film inflatable concentrators, via ground testing, have shown to be a viable alternative to current systems. Joint efforts between SRS, AFRL, Thiokol, and NASA have demonstrated the effectiveness of these technologies throough deployment, photogrammatic shape measurement, and on-sun testing. For long term space power, propulsion, and communication applications, long concentrator lifetime is essential. Micrometeoroid penetration and UV degradation become important issues. In Phase I, tasks including incorporating an innovative leak sealing technology, and proving the feasibility of a flight demonstration involving the deployment and solar concentration of a 5 meter aperture inflatable concentrator are proposed. Phase II efforts will focus on the fabrication, integration and testing of a near term inflatable concentrator experiment.

ECOTECH 3239 Monier CircleSuite #4 Rancho Cordova, CA 95742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 631-6310 Arthur Katzakian, Jr AF 99-214
Title:	Electrically Controlled Solid Propellant Propulsion
Abstract:	The proposed nine month Phase I program will further develop, at a lab bench scale, a demonstrated solid rocket motor propellant whose combustion and propulsion properties are controlled by the application of electrical voltage. Multiple ignition and extinguishment tests have been demonstrated on a single test specimen by the application and removal of electrical voltage. The objectives of this program will be to 1) develop the formulation technology that permits control of electrical conductivity in the propellant over a wide temperature range, 2) measure the speed of ignition and extinguishment, 3) determine the electrical power required to ignite and control the propellant's burning properties and 4) measure the effect of voltage on thrust for small motor grains. Measurments will be made of the power required for ignition and at least two differing wire insulations will be tested to control the flux surface area during combustion. Tests will be made to demonstrate the control of propellant burning and motor thrust by varying the applied voltage. These tests will be videotaped and the test results will be utilized to design, develop and test a small scale motor configuration on a Phase II program.

W. E. RESEARCH 4360 San Juan Ct Rosamond, CA 93560
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(213) 747-2527 John Schilling AF 99-214
Title:	Advanced PPT Development
Abstract:	Pulsed plasma thrusters are a possible propulsion system for all small satelites of the future, specially the USAF TechSat-21 program. They probably represent the key enabling technology for future spacecraft in the 20-100 kg class. Current PPT systems are characterized by extremely por efficiency, utilizing only ten percent of the energy and twenty percent of the propellent. Low fuel is caused by late-time vaporization and particulate emission, a result of less than ideal thermal management in the PPT design and the mechanical properties of current propellants. Energy inefficiency is due to magnetic field-diffusion after the first half-cycle of discharge. A PPT, using semiconductor switching of the discharge current in place of the present spark triggering offers the potential to overcome two fo these problems. With no voltage across the electrodes prior to the discharge after the first half cycle will prevent the loss of energy to magnetic field diffusion. Other research has demonstrated the concept of semiconductor control, but not with alternate propellants, or improved acceleration mechanisms. Changes in the physical design of the PPT will improve the passive cooling of the fuel, and make active cooling of the thruster a possibility.

INNOV. MAGNETIC TECH. (CALNETIX) 363 Van Ness Way #401 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 782-2585 Patrick McMullen AF 99-215
Title:	Cryogenic Boost Pump with Integral Electric Motor
Abstract:	This Phase I effort will apply CALNETIX extensive expertise in developing high-speed and cryogenic motor systems to the development of an electriclly driven rocket engine boost pump. With a second stage engine in the 50,000 to 250,000 lb. thrust range as the preliminary target for this initial application, the pump motor will be capable of providing 100 to 500 Hp at 20,000 to 50,000 rpm. The system must take maximum advantage of the cryogenic liquid cooling for maximum power density, i.e. minimum size and weight. The design parameters will be defined in the initial task of the program by working with rocket engine manufacturers Pratt & Whitney and Boeing-Rocketdyne. The Phase I program would then perform a design study to determine the feasibility and the optimum system approach to incorporate this technology into the engine fuel system. Following the selection of the most promising approach, a conceptual design will be developed for the electric motor driven pump. A detailed analysis to verify magnetic, electrical, and mechanical performance will then be performed. A test plan to verify performance in a simulated environment will be developed for the Phase II effort, as well as a Phase II work plan. A final report of this Phase I effort will be submitted as the program deliverable.

ENIGMATICS, INC. P.O. Box 39111 Washington, DC 20016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 244-4392 David L. Book AF 99-216
Title:	Development, Validation and Application of a Pulsed Detonation Engine Design Capability
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal is aimed at developing a design capability and comprehensive set of simulation tools for exploring the feasibility and making a realistic assessment of the potential for advanced rocket propulsion based on the Pulsed Detonation Engine (PDE) cycle. The PDE is a new engine concept that provides higher specific impulse than conventional rockets because of its constant-volume, nonsteady operating cycle. It also has several advantages because of its simple design. In PDEs a detonation wave initiated in a fuel-oxidizer mixture propagates exially in the detonation chamber, producing thrust when it loads the thrust wall. In Phase I we will identify the codes needed for modeling PDE operation and benchmark them against a previously developed prototype engine. In Phase II we will calibrate and test them in connection with all the key PDE processes: injection, mixing, detonation initiation, evolution, and propagation, venting of exhaust products, and the acoustic signature and structural response of a multiple-chamber PDE, thus enabling realistic end-to-end PDE performance simulation. Using these tools we will design and build a flight-capable full-scale propulsion system.

HYPERCOMP, INC. 31255 Cedar Valley Drive, Ste. Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 865-3713 Dr. Vijayva Shankar AF 99-217
Title:	Development of multi-mode Propulsion Technology for High Performance Applications
Abstract:	Technology required to creat a pulsed detonation engine (PDE) has been maturing rapidly inthe recent past. The airbreathing and rocket modes of operation of such a device can potentially b combined to result ina performance leader for long range, low cost and high mach number propulsion needs. As such, the efficiency of PDEs is augmented by the flesibility offered by the multi-mode operation. In this proposal HyPerComp, a small business and leader inthe development and application of computational technologies to aerospace engineering problems, together with the University of Texas a Arlington and Lockheed-Martin Tactical Aircraft systems in Fort Worth, proposes to validate an innovative design based on these concepts. This team has well established and internationally reowned strengths in the areas of aerodynamics, airframe integration, design and simulation of pulse detonation devices. it has a capability to conduct large scale computatios of fluid mechanics problems with finite rate chemistry includig detonation. Individual team members have extensive experience inthe area of pulse detonation both from analytical and epxerimental perspectives, have numerous publications and patents directly concerning pulsed detonationand are ideally suited to undertake research to further the frontiers in this area.

ORBITAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP. Space Center1212 Fourier Drive Madison, WI 53717
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 827-5000 Dr Martin J. Chiaverini AF 99-217
Title:	Vortex-Combustin Combined Cycle (VCCC) Engine
Abstract:	ORBITEC proposes to assess an innovative multi-mode propulsion system based on a unique new vortex combustion technology. The basic operational modes include vortex hybrid rocket, cool-wall ramjet/scramjet, and cool-wall liquid propellant rocket. The Vortex-Combustion Combined Cycle (VCCC) engine has several important advantages: high volumetric loading, simple combustion chamber construction, stable, efficient combustion, reduced thermal failure modes, low-weight, low-cost, and full trajectory operational capability in a single engine. Phase I will involve selecting various propulsion system cycles, analyzing key subsystems, determining overall system performance and physical characteristics, comparing the VCCC cycles to competitive rocket and airbreathing cycles, and identifying key demonstration technologies. In Phase II experiments will be conducted to demonstrate the key technologies identified in Phase I. Additional analysis will also be performed, and vehicle designs will be produced.

MAXDEM, INC. 140 E. Arrow Highway San Dimas, CA 91773
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 394-0644 Matthew Marrocco AF 99-218
Title:	POSS Modified Polyphenylenes for Lightweight Rocket Components
Abstract:	There is a need for new lightweight materials from which rocket and missile components can be economiclly mass produced (e.g., by molding or extrusion). Maxdem has developed a unique family of self-reinforced thermoplastic polyparaphenylenes, parmaxTM resins, combining exceptional strength, stiffness, thermal stability, and processability. The ParmaxTM materials are 2-3 times stronger and 3-5 times stiffer than any other un-reinforced isotropic plastic. We propose to modify ParmaxTM resin with POSS groups to increase Tg, heat distortion temperature, hardness, oxidative stability, and ablative properties. The properties of ParmaxTM enhanced with POSS will be ideal for the desired rocket and missile applications. During Phase I, processing characteristics of the Poly-XTM materials will be evaluated. Related efforts include developing an initial database of relevant properties such as mechanical performance at cryogenic and elevated temperatures, determining resistance to rocket fluids (e.g.liquid oxygen and hydrogen), and initial scale-up of optimized resins.

NORTH DANCER LABS, INC. P.O. Box 99 Shelburne, VT 05482
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 985-1045 Charles Lysogorski AF 99-219
Title:	Gated Holographic Imaging (GHI)
Abstract:	The ability to form images through densely scattering media has been highly desirable in medical diagnostics. The "gating" approach utilizes the principle that scattered light will travel farther than unscattered, ballistic light. A laser, with a very short pulse width or coherence length, can make a holographic recording of the light traversing the volume, and only the ballistic light will interfere with the reference beam, creating an image without scatter. Applied to propulsion diagnostics, this technology will yield images from dense flows which are surrounded by a scattering medium through which images cannot be obtained by conventional means. The recent development of photorefractive multiple quantum well (MQW) crystals has provided a breakthrough in recording materials for image gating. These crystals have an extremely high dynamic range, allowing a hologram to be recorded despite noise many orders of magnitude greater than the signal. They are also capable of continuous image capture at kHz repetition rates, making them ideal for flow analysis. North Dancer Labs, Inc. (NDL) will, in Phase I, design and build a test bed for Gated Holographic Imaging (GHI) to demonstrate the proof-of-principle for a high-speed, MQW-based recorder. A copper vapor laser with a dye cell will provide sufficient power and short coherence (spatial and temporal) at kHz recording rates. Beyond simple visualization, NDL will also investigate the ability to provide quantitative data by applying shearing interferometry, Schlieren photography, particle imaging velocimetry, or resonant holography to prove diagnostic capabilities of the GHI system.

INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 2766 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-8373 Gregory J. Fiechtner PhD AF 99-220
Title:	Integrated Measurement System for Characterizing Advanced Propulsion Systems
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I program targets the development of an integrated measurement system for characterizing advanced propuslion systems. Key to this system will be the use of computational modeling inconjunction with the development of advanced instrumentation. The modeling program will consist of two portions. First, a combustor kinetics code willbe implemented to predict combustor performance and emissions with higher hydrocarbon fuels, with calculations being applied both to the combustion tube of a pulse detonation engne and to a high-equivalence-ratio gas-turbine combustorwithconventional jet fueland air. Secod, a multi-dimensional computational code will be implemented to study important spatial and temporal behavior of relevance to instrumentation designand application. Advanced instrumentation willalso be demonstrated after choosing the most relevant techniques. A demonstration measurement of pressure and temperature is planned usng the dual-pump CARS technique. In addition, filtered Rayleigh scattering and laser-induced fluorescence will be applied. In each case, the test will be performed on a laboratory researc combustor. A fiber-optic-based probe willalso bedesigned for concentration measurements in cases where optical access is limited.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COR 18 Mason Irvine, CA 92618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 859-8851 Dr. Vladimir Zamansky AF 99-221
Title:	Chemical Additives for Maximizing Fuel Reactivity
Abstract:	For the ignition of fuel in an engine, the chemical time scale is defined by chemical kinetics and charactorized by the ignition delay time, which is the time it takes a fuel-oxidizer mixture to achieve the status of ignition. Specific US Air Force applications require advanced fuels with significantly improved combustion kinetics and reduced ignition delay times. The objectives of this SBIR project are to: (1) develop a knietic model to identify additives providing minimum ignition delay and predict their performance; (2) measure ignition delays and other characteristcs of fuels with most prospective additives in laboratory facilities; and, (3) demonstrate the benefits of proposed fuel additives in a research prototype. Phase I of the project is a feasibility study utilizig fuel additives that will provide minimum ignition delay and maximum fuel reactivity. The Phase Istudy will deliverthe results of shock tube and flow systemexperiments with selected additives that will provide minimum igition delay and maximum fuel reactivity. The Phase I study will deliver the results of shock tube and flow system experiments with selected additives as well as modeling results on promising additives.

TAITECH, INC. 2372 Lakeview Drive Suite H Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-4141 Dr Robert Baurle AF 99-222
Title:	Development of Instrumenttion and Computational Tools for Supersonic Cavity Flameholder Design
Abstract:	A combined model and experiment based method is proposed for the design of cavity flameholders in a supersonic environment. Recessed cavities play an important role in many scramjet propulsion systems as a low drag flameholder. These flowfields are remarkably complicated with internal and external regions that are coupled via self-sustained shear layer oscillations. A CFD design tool based on large eddy simulations (LES) will be developed for the design and analysis of the cavity flameholder. The development of the design tool and the flameholder will be carried out in parallel with dynamic pressure measurements spanning the length of the cavity using an optically interrogated MEMS based pressure sensor array. The proposed concept will lead to an LES based cavity design tool and rugged surface pressure mapping instrumentation with spatial and temporal resolution that is currently unavailable. The proposed LES/MEMS model for cavity flameholder design will allow a detailed analysis of highly turbulent unsteady flows that cannot be properly captured with traditional RANS methodologies, empirical models, or standard measurement techniques. The proposed model and instrumentation will be of great interest to scientists and engineers involved with the analysis and design of advanced propulsion components which are dominated by large scale turbulence and unsteady effects.

DIVERSITECH, INC. 110 Boggs Lane Cincinnati, OH 45246
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 772-4447 Carl Grant AF 99-223
Title:	Shrink Fit Bling Shroud
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal is focused on shrouds for wide chord, low aspect ratio stage 1 fan blades. A tip shroud ring and a part span shroud bling. Both shroud types use BMI/Graphite composites and both types are attached to the blade tips by an interference shrink-fit which pins the blade tip in the radial, axial, and tangential directions. Type 1 BMI/Graphite tip shroud rings were successfully demonstrated to 1818 ft/sec tip speed on wide chord, low aspect ratio, transonic Wright Labs Parametric Blade Study Rotor 2 PBSR2. The tip shrouded PBSR2 was also bench tested and produced significant increases in the fundamental blade frequencies; Campbell Diagram 1F 2rev margins, and blade damping. An innovative design coceppt si presented in this SBIR Phase I proposal that eliminates tip leakage re-circulationwhile retainingthe jamor aeromechanic benefits associated with the tip shroud ring previously tested. the new concept is a Type 2 part span, shrink fit BMI/Graphite shroud bling is proposed. Alternate, 3D, reinforced BMI/Graphite configurations will be studied as well as a range of bling span geights. FEM and FEA willbe made of each configuration. A supplementary aerodynamic study of bling configurations by Wright Laboratories and/or NASA Lewis is suggested. Such aerodynamic studies would be separately funded.

CFD RESERACH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr. Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Clifford E. Smith AF 99-224
Title:	LES Software for Predicting and Controlling Combustion Dynamics in High Performance Gas Turbine Combustors
Abstract:	The high performance, high power density combustors being proposed for IHPTET III must operate without exhinbintng combustion instability. There is a need to develop a time-accurate CFD combustion dynamics code that provides improved understanding of the acoustic/heat-release coupling and is able t predict the frequency and limit cycle of the instability. The code also needs to be practical enough to be used as a designtool to assess passive or active fixes in a timely manner. In Phase I of this SBIR, the feasibility of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code that captures heat release/acoustic coupling will be demonstrated. Having previously shown the feasibility of capturng gaseous-fueled combustion instability, this Phase I effort will focus on liquid-fueld combustion instability analysis. Prediction will be compared to Pratt & Whitney single nozzle experiments that utilize the high shear fuel injector. In order to acount for the temporal variation of fuel spray, the liquid spray boundary conditions will be changed (i.e. drop velocity, SMD, etc.) based on local (temporal) airflow conditions. Also, a reduced chemical model will be developed and incorporated to describe the heat release of JP fuels. In Phase II, the LES methodology willbeimproved by incorporating Linear Eddy based subgrid models for chemical reaction and vaperization,and further validated. The LES code will then be applied to IHPTET III combustor configurations fromPratt & Whitneyand General Electric.

AERODYNE RESEARCH, INC. 45 Manning Road Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 663-9500 David B. Stickler AF 99-225
Title:	Return Flow Cascade Cooling of Turbine Rotor Blades
Abstract:	The Return Flow Cascade (RFC) is a new technology which provides stable cooling of rotating turbine blades to much lower temperature than the combustion gas. Liquid coolant, searld withinthe blade structure, is driven by radial aceleration to a series of cascade shelves within the blade, resulting in uniform evaporative cooling. The vapor is condensed by heat exchange to low pressure cooling air at the blade root, and the liqued recycled. Stable cooling at very high heat flux has been experimentally demonstrated, usng a circular cylinder as the heat transfer structure. This program will develop RFC technology with realistic blade and condensor geometries, selected for rapid transition to gas turbine utilization. The Phase I program will develop a detailed blade and condenser hardware design, with measurements planned for the Phase II effort. The overall result will be demonstration of high temperature, high heat flux RFC operaton, providing a baseline blade design an system definitionfor integration into an engine. Mit and Pratt & Whitney will provide technical support and review. This cooling technology enables engine operation at higher combustion temperature, with corresponding increase in engine specific power. Also, a wide range of relatively low cost, high strength blade materials become viable.

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING, INC. 4801 S. Lakeshore Dr., #103 Tempe, AZ 85282
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 752-7909 Link Jaw PhD AF 99-226
Title:	Smart Material Actuators for High-Response Flow Control
Abstract:	The firm porposes to conduct a research and development program on distributed control of smart components. The distributed control will be targeted at high-response flow actuation components to suppress gas turbine engine instabilities. The goal of this program is to develop actuation technology for high response (beyond 500 Hz) and high authority (large-amplitude flow modulation beyond 10%). In Phase 1, we will design and build a proof-of concept actuator using mostly commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. This prototype will be tested on a flow benchat the end of Phase 1. In Phase 2, we propose to refine the design, address potential packaging and relability challenges, develop control logic, and build several rig-qualified actuators for further testing and evaluation.

GREY FOX TECHNOLOGIES 33 Dascomb Road Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 772-7425 Harold Brown AF 99-227
Title:	Extended Life Control Modes
Abstract:	Steady-state and transient control modes for extending aircraft engine life will be defined and evaluated to determine their effectiveness in a typical military engine program. The steady-state modes will include an approach which adds temperature compensation to existing controls and a model-based control approach which operates the engine at the minimum high pressure turbine inlet temperature for the selected thrust level. The transient mode uses stator reset to minimize the transient temperature rise. The proposed program will define each mode and estimate its potential for extending engine life. The most attractive concepts will be identified for further development in a subsequent program.

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING, INC. 4801 S. Lakeshore Dr., #103 Tempe, AZ 85282
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 752-7909 David J. Bryg PhD AF 99-228
Title:	A Pressure Transducer Telesensor for Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract:	It is difficult to measure pressures and temperatures on turbomachinery during engine development because of the difficulty of transmitting information from a rotating piece of equipment to a stationary recording station. The traditional method for measurements on rotating machinery is with a slip-ring, which has an expensive up-front cost as well as a short life, lasting as little as 25 hours of testing. We propose to develop a new technology for wireless transmission of pressure signals using a low power data link. Sending pressure or temperature signals through these data links would have a range of 2 meters, which should be sufficient to cover the distances necessary for turbine engines.

INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 2766 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 252-2706 Dennis F. Grosjean AF 99-230
Title:	Development of Inexpensive Method for Detection of Partial-Discharge Activity in High-Power Modules
Abstract:	The objective of this program is the development of a method of detecting the presence of partial discharges in high-power electrical modules. By partial evacuation of the module, the residual mass spectra is analyzed for contaminants that indicate gaseous byproducts of partial discharges. Initially, a standard residual-gas-analyzer system will be employed for determining the gaseous species that is most indicative of partial discharge activity. The instrumental design will be cost-effective through utilization on inexpensive thin-and thick-film gas sensors.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 9131 Mason Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 407-0092 Ching-Fang Lin AF 99-235
Title:	Advanced Correlator GPS Receiver and IMU Integration
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR Phase I project is to develop and evaluate an innovative GPS receiver which allows the correlator output (i.e. in-phase and quadrature samples) to be directly used in a combined demodulation and navigation algorithm. Because this method makes full use of the intersatellite statistical properties of phase, frequency, and delay processes, as well as the correlator dynamic characteristics and the satellite geometry, this conventional tracking loop-free GPS receiver has enhance navigation accuracy and anti-jamming performance. Several new technologies are utilized to develop and evaluate this kind of GPS receiver in this project. First, a combined demodulation and navigation algorithm with or without IMU aiding is developed. Then, a Virtual GPS Receiver Environment, which will be applied to the combined demodulation and navigation algorithm, is investigated and developed. Finally, a correlator GPS modeling and simulation is conducted to evaluate the navigation accuracy and anti-jamming performance.

TRACKING & IMAGING, INC. 418 N. Linden Street Bloomington, IL 61701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(309) 827-9555 James W. Sennott AF 99-235
Title:	Exploitation of integrated Demodulation/Navigation Processing for Enhancement in GPS Systems Which Employ Aiding and Spatial nulling A/J Techniques
Abstract:	Vector waveform estimation theory implies that a GPS signal processor be constructed as a centralized estimator, in which inter-path statistical information is utilized in extracting state dynamics information from the spread spectrum signals. TISI has developed and implemented such a scheme, known as Integrated Demodulation Navigation (IDN), which addresses robust carrier phase tracking in high Dynamics and blockage. In extending this development to the tactical jamming environment, specific challenges must be surmounted including estimation of signal amplitudes and compensation for deleterious amplitude and phase effects introduced by front-end spatial nulling. In its Phase I effort an enhanced amplitude estimation scheme for IDN will be developed, which will be evaluated in non-linear tracking simulations. TISI's simulator environment will be extended to include antenna pattern and vehicle blockage effects, as well as multiple jammer sources. A simplified model of spatial nulling disturbances will also be introduced. In preparation for RF testing of a prototype receiver in Phase II, MacAulay-Brown will develop a virtual GPS receiver environment concept for capture and playback of actual jammer and spatial pre-filtering scenarios produced by the AWFS. Finally, TISI will identify and compare options for implementing IDN in the GRAM-SAASM framework.

ALPHATECH, INC. 50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-3388 David A. Logan AF 99-237
Title:	SAR Clutter Characterization for ATR Performance Prediction
Abstract:	We propose a comprehensive program to develop a mathematical characterization of clutter environments in SAR imagery. In contrast to conventional characterizations of SAR clutter, which use simple statistical models for targets and background to predict the receiver operation characteristics of front-end detectors (e.g., CFAR algorithms), we develop a more general notion of clutter complexity that also considers the significant screening power afforded by target type-specific back-end processing. Our complexity measure may be computed over sample clutter image sets, and used to predict the false alarm rates likely to be incurred by generic ATR algorithms over comparable imagery. Our approach is based on constructing estimators for the density of target-like objects in the clutter set. In Phase I, we develop a range of estimators that provide different computational cost vs. estimation performance trade-offs, and empirically evaluate their performance. In Phase II we will extend our methodology to better address situations where inadequate example clutter imagery is available on which to base good empirical estimates of complexity. We expect that our research will provide useful tools to support ATR evaluation and performance benchmarking, as well as insights and theoretical advances that

DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1555 Wilson BoulevardSuite 320 Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 841-0990 G. Minot Clements AF 99-237
Title:	Clutter Models for SAR and LADAR ATR Development
Abstract:	Dynamics Technology, Inc. (DTI) will develop an improved parametric statistical model of SAR and/or LADAR range image clutter to support development and performance characterization of ATR algorithms. The model will account for both the large-scale occurrence statistics and the local spatial structure of clutter objects. Model development will emphasize correct geometric scaling properties with sensor resolution as well as support for additional sensor characteristics such as polarization and frequency (for SAR clutter). An prototype algorithm for estimating cu