| MZA ASSOC. CORP.
2021 Girard SE, Ste 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 245-9970
Stephen C. Coy AF 99-001 |
| Title: | Multi-Conjugate and Variable Conjugate Adaptive Optics for Distributed Turbulence |
| Abstract: | Adaptive optics systems for imaging or beam projection through the atmosphere are designed to compensate for the optical effects of turbulence. These effects enter in as phase perturbations distributed along the propagation path. Conventional adaptive optics systems attempt to compensate for these effects by means of phase-only corrections applied at a plane conjugate to the aperture, or slightly behind it. This can be highly effective when much of the turbulence is relatively close to the aperture, as is the case in up-looking applications such as astronomy, but it is less effective when the turbulence is distributed more uniformly along the path, as is the case for the Airborne Laser. We propose to investigate the performance improvement achievable with VCAO and MCAO systems for applications involving near-horizontal paths, and the feasibility of implementing such systems. We would use simulation to investigate the potential performance improvement, and to attempt to develop a practical sensing and controls scheme for an MCAO system. In parallel with these simulation studies, we would attempt to develop a feasible design for an experiment to test the VCAO concept, to be conducted at the Airborne Laser Advanced Concepts Testbed (ABL-ACT). |
| OPTICAL SCIENCES CO. (GA TYLER)
1341 S. Sunkist St. Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Dr. Glenn A. Tyler AF 99-001 |
| Title: | Development and Implementation of Advanced Wavefront Compensation Algorithms |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort utilizes the experience gained from over 20 years of work performed by the Optical Sciences Company in the area of atmospheric propagation, wavefront sensing and adaptive optics technology to develop new wavefront compensation algorithms that advance the state-of-the-art and provide new improved levels of performance when propagation through the turbulence of interest introduces a high level of scintillation. In addition, to it's historically strong reputation in the theoretical arena, the Optical Sciences Company conceived, fabricated and delivered the NOP Adaptive Optics System. This experience will ensure that the algorithms developed under this effort are practical, easily implementable in existing hardware, and relevant to ABL and other programs that must deal with strong scintillation. A key feature of the proposed effort is that we believe that we have developed a concept that can improve the Strehl ratio by a factor of 2 when strong scintillation is present. In addition to benefiting ABL, this algorithm will find applications in extending the workable region of the sky for astronomy and commercial laser communication applications. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Duane D. Smith AF 99-002 |
| Title: | High-Power Ladar for Long-Range Ranging Applications |
| Abstract: | The most cost-effective, scalable format for the development of high power ladar and directed energy systems is to combine medium power laser modules into a coherently phased array. To this end, CTI proposes to develop a coherent synthetic aperture, synthetic wavelength ladar system based upon modular, tunable fiber lasers/amps. It is suggested that high spatial and spectral coherence fiber lasers/amps are the enabling technology for practical arrays. Achieving commensurate power-aperture products with bulk media power oscillators and/or optical amplifiers would be challenging and costly. Moreover, phased arrays have proven to be challenging for semiconductor lasers. Phase I focuses on designing a sensor system and a matched optical phase control servo. The proposed system has similarities to radar, and provides a path to orbital-class detection ranges. Aperture synthesis and the inherent phased array baseline provide superior cross-range resolution. Synthetic wavelength interferometry and waveform coherence encoding provide line-of-sight range resolution (for CW operation). Precision phase control enables array focusing, steering, and adaptive optics at high temporal bandwidths without moving parts. Phase I will investigate innovative optical phase controls network and metering trusses. Risk reduction measurements will be performed. Phase II's goal is to build a first-of-kind phased array sensor and utilize CTI's flight-worthy systems experience to ensure a path to airborne hardware. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RES. ASSOC.
15261 Connector Ln Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Mr. John T. Robinson AF 99-003 |
| Title: | A/C EMI Diagnostics & Fault Isolation |
| Abstract: | The ever increasing susceptibility of military and commercial aircraft, especially the fly-by-wire aircraft, to internal and external EMI sources has been well documented. The accelerated proliferation of personal electronic devices (PED) on board aircraft, increasing numbers and variety of commercial and military communication and radar transmitters, and ever present threat of RF terrorism and warfare necessitates the development of advanced aircraft EMI safety concepts. An advanced in-situ EMI monitoring system concept for future military and commercial aircraft will be designed and developed under this SBIR program. The system is capable of continuously monitoring the aircraft EMI and warn if the EMI susceptibility threshold has been exceeded on any mission critical LRU, localize the responsible internal EMI source, monitor and warn against hardening feature degradations, and detect and warn against external EMI threats. |
| TACAN CORP.
2330 Faraday Ave Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 438-1010
Yongqiang Shi AF 99-003 |
| Title: | Novel All Dielectric EMI Probe and Sensor System |
| Abstract: | A novel electric field sensor is proposed for electromagnetic interference diagnostic and location systems. The field probe of the proposed sensor will consist of electro-optic polymer integrated waveguides requiring no electrodes. This all dielectric sensor probe minimally disturbs the electric field distribution and is immune to electric discharging and arcing under an intense electric field. In combination with the fiber-optic readout, on-board aircraft monitoring and retrofitting to current system boards are possible. The thin film sheet-like sensor is lightweight, space saving, and electrically passive. The unique properties of the electro-optic polymers provide distinctive advantages over crystalline materials. The selective poling or push-pull poling of the polymer waveguide interferometer arm allows direct field sensing without any specially arranged electrodes or antenna. The low dielectric constant offers fast sensor response for transient phenomenon recording. The proposed research which is based on TACAN's electro-optic polymer device fabrication and test experience, will investigate the electro-optic polymer probe design and the material requirements. Prototype sensor probes will be fabricated and the critical experiment will be performed during Phase I research to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The novel electro-optic polymer sensor has tremendous commercial potential in the aerospace, utilities, and communications industries. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
Post Office Drawer 719735 State St Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Dr. Byron M. Welsh AF 99-004 |
| Title: | Optical Tracking in the Presence of Turbulence Induced Scintillation |
| Abstract: | Laser weapon systems currently under development, such as the Airborne Laser (ABL), must successfully fire laser beams over long horizontal paths through the atmosphere. Pointing the laser to hit the target in this scenario requires compensation for at least three effects: 1) target motion; 2) weapon platform motion; and 3) atmospheric turbulence effects. Pointing errors arising from atmospheric turbulence effects are random, and sensing these errors poses unique difficulties. Propagation over a long path causes the atmospheric induced phase errors to be converted into amplitude errors, which we refer to as scintillation. A potential solution to the problem of target tracking under conditions of strong scintillation is to use phase unwrapping techniques to reconstruct an estimate of the phase of the incident field which accounts for the discontinuities arising from branch points. Recent work in two-dimensional phase unwrapping techniques has shown that if the aperture is appropriately sampled by a Hartmann sensor, then it is possible to reconstruct the actual phase of the incident field. Under this program we propose to implement the latest phase unwrapping and branch point reconstruction problem, and use these new approaches to determine the optimal pointing angle for a laser beam. |
| TEMPEST TECHNOLOGIES LLC
4435 Coldwater Canyon AveSte 205 Studio City, CA 91604 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 752-6539
Ben G. Fitzpatrick AF 99-004 |
| Title: | Tracking Through Optical Turbulence |
| Abstract: | In this proposal we consider the incorporation of advanced image processing techniques into laser tracking algorithms to improve performance in systems such as the AirBorne Laser (ABL) tactical missile defense system. Based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood statistical ideas, and using computationally efficient wavelet filtering methods, our methods sharpen focal plane images allowing for more accurate tracking. Scintillation, the turbulence-induced fluctuation of image intensities, is widely regarded as a major problem for tracking algorithms. The image reconstruction methods we propose herein provide the potential to mitigate significantly the effects of scintillation, thus enhancing track performance. We also propose innovative filtering concepts for tracking algorithms. Collaborating with scientists and engineers at AFRL and at SVS R&D Systems, we will use wave propagation simulations data and data collected in tests at Lincoln Laboratory's Firepond facility to score the performance of these algorithms. Continuing our partnership with SVS, the leader in systems engineering for optical pointing and tracking systems, will allow us to leverage the results obtained in this effort into hardware systems in a most efficient and cost-effective manner. |
| APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
4300 San Mateo Blvd NESuite A220 Albuquerque, NM 87110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 881-8074
C. Randy Jones AF 99-005 |
| Title: | Development of a High Density Energetic Species Flow Reactor |
| Abstract: | The objective of the overall SBIR effort is to design, demonstrate, and deliver to the AF a gaseous flow reactor capable of producing high-density flows of critical chemical species. Depending upon the results of a detailed flow analysis the reactor would be designed to support either a subsonic or a supersonic chemical iodine laser scaling experiment and demonstration at significant output power levels. The NC1/I transfer system is one of several promising advanced chemical iodine laser concepts. This concept has recently demonstrated laser gain. The next step on the critical technology path is the production of substantial flow rates of the key reactants-gaseous hydrazoic acid and chlorine atoms. During Phase I, we will evaluate several concepts generating both species and then integrate the selected concepts into an overall flow reactor design. Key small-scale hydrazoic acid experiments will also be conducted. The resulting high-density flow reactor, which can be the basis of a 100-W all-gas-phase chemical laser, will be delivered to AFRL/DELC at the completion of Phase II. Other chemical iodine laser concepts can also be explored using this reactive-flow apparatus. This enabling technology will permit the development of what may be the world's next major class of high-power lasers. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Ctr. Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Steven J. Davis AF 99-005 |
| Title: | High Flux Source for Halogen Atoms and Diode Laser Dignostics for Advanced Iodine Lasers |
| Abstract: | The Air Force has intense interest in developing efficient, high power laser sources for space-based applications. The NCl (a) pumped atomic iodine laser is a promising candidate system for this important application. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop two enabling technologies for this new laser system: high flux atomic halogen source and ultra sensitive diode laser based diagnostics for key species. The chemistry involved in the production of the relevant excited states required atomic halogen species: F, Cl, and I. We propose to develop novel, high flow rate sources for these species. This source is based upon our Microwave Driven Plasma Jet (MIDJet) device. This source has demonstrated high fluxes (19mmoles/s) of atomic fluorine and has the potential to produce comparable fluxes of Cl and I. In Phase I we will use a prototype MIDJet to test the feasibility for producing F, Cl, and I. In addition, we will demonstrate a diode laser based system for measuring NCl (X). These two technologies will be developed into deliverable hardware during Phase II. |
| PHYSITRON, INC.
3304A Westmill Dr Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4844
Dr. Melvin Price AF 99-006 |
| Title: | Cable Shielding Effectiveness Tester |
| Abstract: | An in-situ cable shielding effectiveness tester (CSET) is proposed for use with aircraft cables. Using built-in components and an external analyzer, the CSET will be capable of conducting shielding effectiveness measurements simply and quickly with no need to disturb the cable being tested. The person conducting the test will simply connect the analyzer to an existing port, start the automated test program, and produce a frequency-dependent assessment of the shielding effectiveness highlighting any behavior that falls below a specified threshold. Development of the CSET will require research by Physitron in three different areas: in the area of the built-in components; in the area of the external analyzer; and in the integration of the two units into the final system. For Phase I, design and analysis of a prototype system will be conducted along with sufficient laboratory measurements to demonstrate feasibility of the concept. Then in Phase II a complete CSET will be built, tested, and demonstrated to the Air Force using aircraft cables. In addition, during Phase I, a commercialization plan will be initiated with an instrumentation manufacturer in preparation for incorporating the CSET into a newly produced aircraft. |
| SVS R&D SYSTEMS, INC.
6207 Pan American Freeway NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4600
Mike Kvasnak AF 99-007 |
| Title: | Tracking/Wavefront Processor for High Bandwidth Control Applications |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this SBIR will be to design a processing system that will meet the high bandwidth, computationally intensive, requirements of real-time tracking through turbulence and wavefront tilt and scintillation measurement and compensation. The processing system design will consist of central processing unit(s), digital signal processor(s), high speed memory modules, input/output modules, operating system, data and control bus, application software, development environment, and a performance analysis/verification system. We will utilize our extensive experience designing acquisition, tracking, and pointing algorithms and systems for laser weapon systems, combined with our work on the ABL Beam Control/Fire Control (BC/FC) Preliminary Design Review and BC/FC Processor Throughput Demonstration along with Dr. Merritt's Advanced Tracking SBIR and Dr. Dillow's Kalman Filter Tracker Broad Agency Announcement. We will apply our knowledge of high-speed image processing systems with an awareness of ABL testing plans at North Oscura Peak and technology development plans from the ABL technology office. |
| STI OPTRONICS, INC.
2755 Northup Way Bellevue, WA 98004 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 827-0460
Dr. Richard D. Romea AF 99-008 |
| Title: | Development of Advanced Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) Mixing Nozzles |
| Abstract: | The intent of this research is to develop an advanced nozzle for mixing and reacting iodine (I (sub 2) or I) and singlet-delta oxygen [O (sub 2) ((sup 1) increment)] flows in COIL devices. The ultimate goal is to develop a more efficient COIL. Specific avenues for the proposed research are: (1) Current COIL nozzles typically inject a mixture of diluent gas and molecular iodine into the subsonic region of the O (sub 2) ((sup 1) increment) flow upstream of the nozzle throat. The resulting mixing leads non-uniform loading on the laser mirrors and to a non-uniform gain distribution ('sugar-scooping'). 'Tuning' the mixing and chemical reactions with an improved nozzle design may solve this problem and may also yield higher laser efficiency. (2) In the COIL mixing process, a significant amount of the energy stored in the singlet-delta oxygen is required to dissociate the molecular iodine to atoms. Analysis indicates that 4-6 O (sub 2) ((sup1) increment) molecules are required per I (sub 2) molecule. Injection of atomic iodine may result in an overall more efficient COIL system. (3) Heat release in the flow, both in the laser and due to deactivation of excited species, has a deleterious effect on laser performance, as well as on pressure recovery. An improved supersonic nozzle will mitigate this effect. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1120 Delaware Ave Longmont, CO 80501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 684-8722
Stephen H. Osborn AF 99-009 |
| Title: | LIDAR for Remote Sensing of Optical Turbulence |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a new LIDAR for remote sensing of optical turbulence and cirrus clouds aboard the Airborne Laser platform. The LIDAR employs common transmit/receive apertures, a pulse laser, and a range gated receiving system, and it has the following advantages. It is insensitive to aircraft vibrations, and it can operate over long distances in the strong scintillation regime. During the first phase, the following tasks will be accomplished: (1) develop conceptual design; (2) do performance analysis; (3) develop hardware and software for demonstration; (4) do field demonstration; (5) reduce and analyze the demo data; (6) write a scientific paper and final report. In addition to the Airborne Laser scenario, the sensor can be used for ground-based laser and space-object imaging applications. A small commercial LIDAR system could also be developed for sensing turbulence and thin clouds at astronomical sites. The project will be carried out by a team of researchers from Applied Technologies Inc, and Georgia Tech, who have broad experience in the developing and testing of optical sensors for measuring turbulence over very long distances, the development of LIDAR sensors and new technologies for astronomical adaptive optics. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Philip Gatt AF 99-009 |
| Title: | Lidar for Remote Sensing of Optical Turbulence |
| Abstract: | The proposed program develops a novel, single-ended, range-resolved refractive turbulence profiler. This system is based on solid-state coherent laser radar technology and therefore has the potential for characterizing wind turbulence as well. The subject innovation provides real-time turbulence profiles that can benefit missile defense platforms, such as the Airborne Laser (ABL), by generating on-line risk assessments as a function of the engagement geometry. Refractive turbulence characterization, specifically as it relates to breaking wave structures near the tropopause, can also be performed. For the ABL, range-resolved Cn2 profiling to ranges of the order of 200 km is expected, with profile update rates of ~ 1 Hz. The proposed sensor will also be able to generate a single ABL risk parameter (such as rho zero) a much higher update rate (~10 Hz). In the Phase I program, CTI will extended (SIC) previous analyses, that has already been completed, to capture higher order effects that were ignored in the previous first order analysis. Laboratory demonstration experiments will be conducted to validate theory and calibration techniques. In Phase II CTI plans to build and demonstrate a coherent-array sensor using state-of-the-art solid-state laser technology. |
| CSA ENGINEERING
2565 Leghorn St. Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Dr. Roger M. Glaese AF 99-010 |
| Title: | Active Acoustic Suppression for High Performance Aircraft |
| Abstract: | The extreme conditions that a high performance fighter aircraft must operate in lead to harsh vibroacoustic environments that the various aircraft electronics and the precision optics of an airborne laser weapon must survive. Standard practice for reducing the effects of these environments is to beef up the support structure or use acoustic blankets, both of which impose severe weight penalties. CSA Engineering proposes to develop active acoustic suppression technologies, which have the potential for good performance without the severe weight penalties, for application to high performance fighter aircraft. The suitability of the numerous acoustic suppression techniques will be performed for fighter electronics/weapons bays. Structural-acoustic simulations of these bays integrated with models of the host aircraft will be used to evaluate performance levels of these acoustic suppression designs. The predicted attenuation levels, and the physical practicality and modularity of the designs will be selected for further evaluation in a hardware demonstration. In the demonstration, a mockup of the electronics bay will be constructed and tested for acoustically induced vibration. The measured acoustic and vibration reduction with the acoustic suppression applied will provide an indication of levels of improvement that are realistically achievable. |
| PIXELVISION, INC.
14964 NW Greenbrier Pkwy Beaverton, OR 97006 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 629-3210
Scott Way AF 99-011 |
| Title: | High Frame Rate SWIR Camera |
| Abstract: | A short wavelength infrared (SWIR) camera for high frame rate active tracking and wavefront sensing applications does not presently exist. PixelVision, Inc., a leader in high quantum efficiency, low noise, fast frame imaging systems, proposes development of a SWIR camera that will have the following characteristics: 1) quantum efficiency greater than 50% from 1.06 to 1.4 microns; 2) frame rate in excess of 5kHz; 3) 200x200 element resolution with 16 micron pitch; and 4) read noise less than 50 noise electrons per pixel. The focal plane array readout architecture will be a split frame transfer charge coupled device (CCD). Indium gallium arsenide will be fused to the backside silicon surface of the thinned CCD to provide the active SWIR detection material. A tri-level CCD clock waveform will be used to extract photocarriers from the InGaAs into the CCD charge storage wells and subsequently readout the photocarriers. A conceptual camera design will be developed from modifications to PixelVision's ADAPT3 (sup TM) adaptive optics visible camera. |
| CLARK-MXR, INC.
7300 W. Huron River Dr Dexter, MI 48130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 426-0198
Dr. Mark Dugan AF 99-012 |
| Title: | Reliable, Intense, Ultrafast, and Compact, Guide-Wave Laser for Cloud Penetration, Remote Sensing & Active Imaging |
| Abstract: | The goal of this program is to develop reliable, compact, ultrafast, high peak-power lasers. These lasers will be used in the military for cloud penetration, reconnaissance, remote sensing, and active illumination, in the microelectronic industry for repair of photomasks, and for SRAM/DRAM yield improvement; in the automobile industry for sensors and fuel injector machining; and in the aerospace industry for turbine blade machining. Clark-MXR's design departs drastically from traditional free-space cavity approach that has been the basic of all ultra-high peak power lasers built to-date. Rather we will rely exclusively on guided-cavity components: optical fibers and ultra-large waveguides. These elements, coupled with diode-pumping, will be configured in a chirped pulse amplification geometry. They will provide ultra-high peak powers coupled with exceptional compactness and robustness. Clark-MXR has the in-house expertise to design this type of source and the support structure to manufacture and commercialize it. Clark-MXR has also a unique capability to micromachine the large waveguides necessary for this program. The University of Michigan (Professor K. Winick) will Provide the expertise in optical waveguide design and testing. Avalon Investment Inc. (MI) will provide funding for the commercialization phase (Phase III or Fast). |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge PkwySte 400 S. Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-9880
Dr. Joe Durham AF 99-013 |
| Title: | Portable UHF or VHF Radar for Measuring Wind and the Refractive Index Structure |
| Abstract: | AFRL/DE requires the development of a mobile UHF or VHF radar for measuring wind and the refractive index structure parameter C (sub n, sup 2) from the lower troposphere to 20 km. The system should have a 150m range resolution, <3 degrees antenna beamwidth, three-minute profiling intervals, and a greater than 100 million Wm (sub 2) power-aperture product. The system should be capable of being disassembled within a week, moved to a new site, and reassembled within a week. The team of Scientific Research Corporation, Radian Electronic Systems, and Sonoma Technology, Inc. proposes to develop an Operational Requirements Document (ORD) precisely defining the specifications of the mobile radar profiler. Working closely with the COTR, our team will take the approved ORD and conduct a cost/performance tradeoff study and identify significant technical issues and risks for further development of a subsequent Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) specification. The system design will use Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Non-Developmental Item (NDI) components. We will utilize our knowledge of existing radar profilers, and our ability to field COTS profilers for specification compliance and C (Sub n, sup 2) calibration verification. |
| MECHANICAL & COMPOSITE ENGINEERING
59775 Spring Creek Rd Montrose, CO 81401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 249-1751
Charles A. Richey AF 99-015 |
| Title: | Advanced Portable Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM) |
| Abstract: | MCE will investigate the possibility of using multiple collectors and detectors to develop a DIMM that is both portable and capable of obtaining atmospheric turbulence data from stellar sources and laser sources during nighttime and daytime hours. The proposers have many years experience in developing instruments for atmospheric turbulence measurements and in using such instruments to conduct research on horizontal/slant paths and on vertical paths through the atmosphere. MCE will produce a conceptual design and a prototype DIMM and will perform a detailed analysis to predict the performance characteristics of the device. MCE will conduct at least 2 field test with the prototype DIMM and will compare the experimental results with the predicted performance. During the final stages of Phase I, MCE will conduct a technical review to determine changes desirable for the Phase II DIMM. A primary objective of the hardware and software is to incorporate commercial off-the-shelf products wherever possible - consistent with the requirements for the performance desired. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOC.
1900 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 767-1202
H.R. Sebesta AF 99-016 |
| Title: | Small Inertial Attitude Reference System for Small High-Performance Aircraft Applications |
| Abstract: | The Air Force has identified the need for a small, inexpensive inertial attitude reference system that functions as a two-axis optical reference in high performance aircraft applications. Applied Technology Associates (ATA) proposes the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Inertial Reference Unit (MIRU) to meet the requirement. The MIRU will integrate innovative and emerging technologies of inexpensive, low-noise inertial sensors, electromagnetic actuators, electronics, and state-of-the-art digital processors and software to address the Air Force need. In the past year, ATA has achieved technology advances in MHD-based inertial angular motion sensing that directly contribute to the feasibility of developing the MIRU. ATA Sensors, the Company's commercial division, completed the design, manufacture, and successful market introduction of the Model ARS-12. This innovative product possesses the appropriate size, bandwidth, measurement noise and dynamic range, power consumption, ruggedness, and cost characteristics desired for an aircraft optical reference unit. The MIRU will use the model ARS-12 as the basis for achieving the requisite isolation of the telescope's optical line-of-sight (LOS) from the aircraft base motion, i.e., LOS jitter at 3 microradians or less. Other direct lessons learned and technology foundations from ATA's support to the Air Force High Altitude Balloon Experiment (HABE) will be exploited in constructing the MIRU. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Christopher M. Gittins AF 99-017 |
| Title: | A Low Peak Power Differential Absorption LIDAR System for Remote Characterization of Chemical Vapor Plumes |
| Abstract: | Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems have become extremely useful tools for remote sensing of atmospheric constituents. Physical Sciences Inc. proposes to develop a compact, lightweight, quantum cascade (QC) laser-based DIAL transceiver for remote sensing of airborne chemical compounds. The QC laser-based transmitter will facilitate ground and UAV-based monitoring of trace chemical vapors presently difficult or impossible to quantify using other laser sources. QC lasers are compact, solid-state devices which provide access to infrared wavelengths unattainable using CO laser-based lidars, greater ease of use than emerging IR lidar technologies, e.g. optical parametric oscillators (OPO), and have the potential to be as ubiquitous and inexpensive as diode lasers are today. The DIAL system described here will provide range resolved molecular column density measurements and 100% duty cycle data acquisition. A prototype DIAL system based on currently available QC lasers will allow remote quantification of chemical effluents relevant to NBC counter proliferation from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. |
| Q-PEAK, INC.
135 South Rd Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Dr. Yelena Isyanova AF 99-017 |
| Title: | Broadly Tunable, High Repetition Rate, 10-W Average Power IR Laser Source |
| Abstract: | Q-Peak, Inc. proposes to develop a broadly tunable, 10-W-average-power IR source suitable for use as a DIAL system transmitter and based on the combination of a Nd-doped pulsed pump laser and optical parametric oscillators (OPO). The laser source, a compact, diode-pumped, 5-10 kHz pulse-repetition-rate, Q-switched Nd:YLF laser, will pump a tandem OPO system consisting of an angle-tuned, 3-5 (magnetic moment)m KTA OPO, and a pump-tuned, 8-12 (magnetic moment)m CdSe OPO pumped by the KTA OPO idler. Diode-pumping and nonlinear conversion will substantially increase the efficiency of the proposed source whereas high pulse rates (5-10 kHz) will allow the possibility of reducing the data acquisition time. The Phase I effort will demonstrate a laboratory breadboard 2.5-5 W IR transmitter and develop a design for a higher-efficiency 10-W, 3-12 (magnetic moment)m tuning range IR-source. |
| CYNOSURE, INC.
10 Elizabeth Dr. Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 256-4200
Frederic Durville AF 99-018 |
| Title: | High-Efficiency, Coherent Combination of Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | Over 35 W of power can be generated by a single fiber laser in a coherent, diffraction-limited beam, with a high quantum efficiency over 85%. The output power of a single fiber laser is however limited by intrinsic non-linear effects. We propose to coherently combine several fiber lasers in order to overcome such limitation. This work will build upon work by Rediker and Leger, and on the large effort in the computer field to have efficient fan-out of a laser beam. We will use a fan-in continuous phase grating to recombine the laser beams. Combination efficiency over 95% can theoretically be achieved for 3 beams, and over 99% for 9 beams. We will use our Excimer laser ablation system to fabricate the continuous phase grating in a 16-level approximation, thus allowing a quick turnaround for prototyping. The performance of the phase grating will first be evaluated in a fan-out configuration, and then in a fan-in configuration with a single fiber laser split into three beams. Three individual low-power fiber lasers will then be coherently combined. The coherence will be quantitatively evaluated and the influence of the individual fiber laser characteristics, such as frequency stability, will be analyzed in details. |
| INDUSTRIAL MICROPHOTONICS CO.
20 Point West St. Charles, MO 63301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(314) 916-5656
Dr. Ed Stephens AF 99-018 |
| Title: | Highly Efficient, Diode Pumped Waveguide Laser |
| Abstract: | We propose to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing a simple waveguide laser that would demonstrate all of the qualities of fiber lasers while utilizing the simple pumping scheme of an side pumped Nd:YAG laser. The Phase I effort will involve modeling of the system and Phase II will be construction of a prototype. We will investigate a wound single mode rare earth doped fiber such that each new wrap of fiber is in the same plane as the previous wrap. The fiber would then be encapsulated with optical clear material and placed between two thin SiO (sub 2) substrates to create a wrapped fiber sandwich. To optically excite the active ions in the fiber's core, the sandwich would be pumped from the edge by a close-coupled laser diode bar. The outside of the substrate material could be silvered in order to prevent the pump light escaping. As the pump light passses through each wrap of fiber core, some about of it will be absorbed by the active ions creating the population inversion needed for lasing action in the fiber. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 US Rte 1, Bldg 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
Dr. Alan Sugg AF 99-018 |
| Title: | Master Oscillator, Grating Coupled Power Amplifier (MO-GCPA) Diode Lasers for 0.97-1.10 um |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited will grow, fabricate and test Master Oscillator Grating Coupled Power Amplifier (MO-GCPA) lasers designed to operate with diffraction-limited beam divergence up to 5 W CW power in the 0.97-1.1 (magnetic moment)m wavelength range. The goal of this program is the delivery of the relevant basic material and device characterization necessary for the design of this new type of "MOPA" laser along with the MO-GCPA lasers operating at 5 W output power in a single spatial mode. The motivation for MO-GCPA device development is the commercial potential of diffraction-limited beam high power sources for free-space communications, laser radar applications, pumping and material processing systems. In order to achieve this goal, Sensors Unlimited will use the services of Sarnoff Corporation to grow low-loss broadened waveguide InGaAsP/InGaP laser structures and fabricate on their case high-power lasers with diffraction-limited beams. In Phase I we will design and test the main element of MO-GCPA lasers which is the master distributed Bragg reflector section with coupling grating. Data from these measurements will prove invaluable for the fabrication and testing of further designs in Phase II of the program. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Everett G. Farr AF 99-019 |
| Title: | Airborne UWB Phased Array |
| Abstract: | Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antennas for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been a challenge for some time, due to size and weight requirements. Such antennas can aid a number of missions in a cost-effective manner, including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Foliage Penetration (FOPEN), Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) and Counter-Camouflage Concealment and Deception (CC&D). UAVs have been shown to be a cost-effective method of carrying out these missions, but without the right antennas, these missions may fall short of their goals. The antennas required for these missions must be effective over a broad bandwidth, and they can induce only minimal drag on the surface of the aircraft. The frequencies of interest extend as low as 25 MHz. It is at the low end of the band where size constraints are most challenging. Obtaining a good antenna pattern is a challenge unless the antenna is the same size as a wavelength. Impedance matching over a broad bandwidth is also a challenge, because electrically small antennas normally have a matching circuit that provides a good match only within a very narrow band. Another challenge lies in steering the beam electronically. To address these challenges, we propose developing a crossed linear dipole array along the bottom of the fuselage and wing that is flush with the aircraft surface. We will explore antennas that reach as low as 25 MHz, with a decade of bandwidth. Designs that introduce minimal drag will be considered. We will calculate the antenna pattern, and we will calculate impedance match and radiation efficiency. We will also consider how to design systems with two polarizations. Finally, we will explore the patterns available after steering the beam using phase shifters. During Phase I we will build and test a scale model of a candidate array element. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
PO Drawer 719 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Glen R. Salo AF 99-019 |
| Title: | Lightweight Ultra-Wideband Antenna |
| Abstract: | A clear need exists in military and commercial applications to improve the remote detection and identification targets. While a variety of ongoing efforts are focusing on signal exploitation and feature extraction of the return radar signal, potential antenna design performance enhancements are beginning to receive more interest. As radar bandwidths are increased to extract even more information, the performance of the radar system becomes more dependent on the performance of the antenna system. This proposal outlines an approach to measure and characterize the performance of IRA class antennas for potential use in UWB SAR applications. The performance of the IRA class antennas will be parameterized by established UWB antenna characterizations methods and compared with competing UWB antenna designs such as the TEM horn and LPDA antennas. In addition, measured data from a 1/16th scale model of a Bradley armored vehicle will be used to demonstrate the potential HRR down range profiles of an IRA based radar system. This program is designed to quickly identify the strengths and potential weaknesses of an IRA class UWB SAR radar system. Concept feasibility will be demonstrated in Phase I, and design optimization will occur in Phase II. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4165
Dr. Moshe Oren AF 99-020 |
| Title: | Modulated Corner Cube Concept for Laser Communication |
| Abstract: | The development of a high-speed corner cube laser beam modulator for free space communication is the subject of this proposal. Free space laser communication is considered to be a viable, cost-effective approach in many applications requiring point-to-point secure communication. In one such application, useful for small satellites constrained by power consumption, a ground CW laser is used and a reflecting corner cube modulator is placed onboard the satellite. For such a system to be accepted, a high-speed modulator operating at 1 MHz or higher rates is needed. Foster-Miller proposes to use a voltage controlled diffractive optical element (DOE) as a high-speed modulator for this application. When fully implemented, the modulator will achieve a megahertz modulation rate, will have a large active aperture of more than 50 mm, and will be wavelength insensitive from the visible to IR range. One of the most important characteristics of the proposed device, which distinguishes it from other designs, is its very short response time consistent with high contrast ratio of better than 100:1, and large aperture. The anticipated drive power requirement of the proposed modulator is less than 10 mW/cm (sup 2). The proposed modulator can be produced using established semiconductor manufacturing technology. |
| NZ APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
14A Gill St Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-2030
Hua Jiang AF 99-020 |
| Title: | High Performance Retromodulator for Laser Communication |
| Abstract: | Optroceramics hold promise to produce leading edge retromodulators; a critical component for laser communications. In this program, NZ Applied Technologies proposes to demonstrate and fabricate a high performance solid-state modulator possessing high speed, polarization insensitive operation, ceramic ruggedness, low optical loss, and low fabrication cost. The technology is based upon large electro-optic effect ceramic materials and innovative device architecture. The design is simple and compact with low fabrication cost potential. It is anticipated that state-of-the-art performance of several key specifications can be achieved through this program. These include high data rate, low optical insertion loss, wide temperature operation, broad band, and cost effectiveness. Prototype modulators will be fabricated to demonstrate feasibility in Phase I. |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
500 Discovery Dr Hunstville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-7821
James P. Paxton AF 99-021 |
| Title: | Space Capable, Optically Transparent Thin Films |
| Abstract: | Polymeric membrane optics are leading candidates for lightweight space-based optical systems. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the shape distortion of the membrane. This Phase I proposal will couple the detailed analytical understanding with an innovative polymeric material and fabrication process. Test samples of the polyimized material will be fabricated to demonstrate the superior phase and amplitude distortion of the canopy material. Research in process improvement will be performed and implemented, leading to fabrication of an polyimide optic collector in Phase I. The test article will demonstrate the feasibility of the process and lay the ground work for Phase II work. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Rd. Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1281
Dr. Lawrence E. Myers AF 99-022 |
| Title: | High-Power Frequency Conversion with Periodically-Poled Materials |
| Abstract: | This program will develop high-power visible laser sources based on frequency conversion of 1 micron diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Improvements are needed in efficient and robust nonlinear materials. The technical objectives of our overall research program are to develop periodically-poled materials for use in commercial high-power visible devises, and for use in cascaded nonlinear output coupling configurations that have been studied at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Our goals for the Phase I portion of the program are to demonstrate improved properties of periodically-poled materials using the same set-ups in order to fairly compare their performance. We will test the already commercially available materials and also investigate newly emerging materials. Tests will include absorption measurements and side-by-side nonlinear optical measurements in 532 nm second harmonic generation and 1 micron pumped optical parametric oscillators. Test results will be provided to nonlinear crystal suppliers. |
| APPLIED PULSE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3663 Syracuse Ct San Diego, CA 92122 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 453-2640
Allen Ramrus AF 99-023 |
| Title: | High Average Power Modulator for Multi-Gigawatt HPM Sources |
| Abstract: | Advances in microwave sources with high peak and average power depend on continued development of reliable modulators capable of testing high-voltage HPM sources at rep-rates up to 100 Hz. In light of budget limitations, new pulser development must be accomplished cost-effectively. This proposal is for a design study of a new 100Hz modulator which provides 600 kV, l (magnetic moment)s pulsewidth to discretely variable loads of 10 to 50 (omega particle). We propose to conduct the following tasks: (1) Design the optimum modulator meeting the specifications without regard to cost. In this task, the study will include the use of technology promising the highest performance and reliability. (2) Design the modulator meeting the above requirements with deference to budget limitations. Thus, for example, switches (as in the primary circuit of the pulse transformer) may be gas-blown spark-gaps as opposed to more costly high-voltage thyratrons. (3) List and establish availability of existing equipment and determine if a system can be assembled to the new specifications cost-effectively. In this case, performance requirements such as reduced pulse fall time and enhanced fault mode protection would be emphasized in anticipation of increased resources to address advanced development in specific areas. |
| MICROWAVE SCIENCES, INC.
1041 Los Arabis Ln Lafayette, CA 94549 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(925) 283-8454
James Benford AF 99-023 |
| Title: | High Average Power Modulator for Multi-GW HPM Sources |
| Abstract: | We propose a modulator which meets all the specifications of the AFRL SBIR announcement with these principal features: Variable electrical pulse duration, which will be very useful in avoiding wear-and-tear if pulse shortening occurs in the HPM source. The user can configure the Pulse Forming Network [PFN] to facilitate rapid re-configuration for a range of pulse durations at fixed impedance. Operation at several impedances from 8.3 (omega particle) to 50 (omega particle). Minimum cost: The design is based on the modulator now at HERTF. Among contemporary modulators, it is the closest in specification to the AFRL requirement. The minimum cost is obtained by using this existing design for the system architecture and for many of the key components and subsystems. At this point we believe all the specifications can be met within the cost objective. Reduces risk: Expanding on an existing design significantly reduces risk, and allows us to provide greatly increased performance within the given budget. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Dr Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Timothy J. Carrig AF 99-026 |
| Title: | High Stability, Broadly Tunable, Single-Frequency Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF Lasers |
| Abstract: | Highly stable, broadly tunable, single-frequency laser sources are needed for a variety of applications including high resolution optical spectroscopy, frequency standards, pumping and seeding of lasers and nonlinear devices, lidar, and hard target laser radar. In this effort, CTI proposes to build broadly tunable, ultra-narrow linewidth lasers capable of generating several hundred mW output power using the Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF hosts. This work will leverage CTI's successful efforts in manufacturing tunable single-frequency Yb:YAG, Tm:YAG, Tm,Ho:YLF, and Tm:LuAG lasers at the 1(magnetic moment)m and 2 (magnetic moment)m wavelengths. These existing lasers fit in the palm of one's hand and provide better than 10 kHz/msec short-term linewidth stability and 5% min peak-to-peak amplitude stability in a TEM (sub 00), near diffraction-limited beam. The Yb:YAG laser outputs over 200 mW and tunes about the 1.03 (magnetic moment)m wavelength region. In this program CTI will increase the output power, tuning range, and stability of our existing Yb:YAG master oscillator and extend the product line to include Yb:YLF. Additionally, to ensure that these lasers will meet the stability requirements needed for applications such as the development of optical frequency standards, CTI will collaborate with researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, CO, to establish performance criteria and investigate innovative passive and active stabilization techniques. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Rd Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1288
Dr. Mark Arbore AF 99-026 |
| Title: | Ultra-Narrow Linewidth, Tunable Single-Frequency Ytterbium Laser |
| Abstract: | The goal of this Phase I program is to design and demonstrate an ultra-stable single-frequency diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at <1030 nm. We propose to use Ytterbium (Yb) doped YAG and/or YLF as the laser gain medium. Unidirectional ring architecture allows single-frequency operation. A quasi-monolithic cavity design assures stable operation, while allowing use of the quasi-three-level Yb gain medium. The proposed architecture is suitable for both Yb:YAG and Yb:YLF, as well as for other laser gain media - thus, this program will provide an enabling technology for single-frequency lasers at a variety of wavelengths. Ytterbium-based single-frequency lasers have several advantages over Neodymium-based solid-state lasers. In particular, Yb offers more than an order of magnitude greater tunability, access to shorter wavelengths, and greater electrical-to-optical efficiency. |
| RYDAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC.
1523 Noble Rd Rydal, PA 19046 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 886-5678
Dr. Warren A. Rosen AF 99-029 |
| Title: | High-Performance Optical Network for Satellite Applications |
| Abstract: | Rydal Research proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-speed, low-latency optical network for satellite applications capable of supporting data transfers at data rates in the range of 5-20 Gb/s with application-to-application latencies of less than 10 (micromicron)s. The network will support a commercial high-performance protocol that will provide full network services and be scaleable up to several hundred nodes. The network will be based on high-performance low-power optical networking components being developed by Rydal Research including a novel optical switch topology and low-power optical transceiver, clock recovery and serializer/deserializer circuits. Advanced modeling and simulation techniques will be used to model both the protocol and hardware to match the network characteristics to the protocol in order to achieve optimum throughput, latency, and system cost. |
| SPACE PHOTONICS, INC.
700 West 20th St. Fayetteville, AR 72701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(501) 575-5316
Charles H. Chalfant AF 99-029 |
| Title: | Spaceworthy 2.488 Gbps IEEE 1393 Fiber Optic Transceiver |
| Abstract: | The innovation offered by this Phase I SBIR proposal is a 2.488 Gbps spaceborne fiber optic network operating at ATM OC-48 data rates, with the potential of yielding interconnect speeds as high as 4.98 Gbps. This innovation represents a significant improvement in the data handling capabilities of currently available spaceborne data networks. The fiber optic network will implement the IEEE 1393 Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB) protocol standard while providing a 2 to 4 times increase in data throughput capacity. Additionally, the proposed innovative protocol ASIC and fiber optic transceiver MCM designs have the potential to drastically reduce current spacecraft interconnect power consumption while providing enhanced EMI isolation, and significantly reducing spacecraft development, integration and test cost. The commercial aerospace market has exploded with demands for high speed data handling requirements; our fiber optic networks will meet this demand. |
| PADGETT-MARTIN TECHNOLOGY
c/o Philippe Pouliquen4222 Falls Rd. Baltimore, MD 21211 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 516-0257
Philippe O. Pouliquen AF 99-030 |
| Title: | Latch-Up Detection and Cancellation in CMOS VLSI Circuits |
| Abstract: | Latch-up in a large digital system can be isolated to a small portion of the total die area. In success cases, the increase in current drawn from the supply is not distinguishable from the much larger average current consumed by normal operation. This makes it difficult to detect micro-latch-up by observing the current consumption of the entire chip. We propose a technique which senses the voltage differences across the source to bulk junction of the transistor. This signal in turn is used to control a local switch to the power supply of the effected circuits. When a micro-latch-up condition is detected the affected block of logic will be power cycled to alleviate the latch-up condition. |
| ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES, INC.
1675 W. Maple Rd. Troy, MI 48084 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 362-4780
Dr. Scott J. Jones AF 99-031 |
| Title: | Development of Ultralight, Thin-Film a-Si:H Based Solar Cells for Auxiliary Spacecraft Power Systems |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a novel, low-cost, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based modular to be integrated with a spacecraft thermal blanket for an auxiliary spacecraft power system. This new design is unique from ECD's present multi-junction module design in that an ultralight kapton substrate material and a monolithic cell interconnect design will be used which will allow for potential energy densities as high as 1000 W/kg. Small area (0.25 cm2) cells with this ultralight design have been fabricated with beginning-of-life AM0 efficiencies greater than 12%. Extensive tests have also demonstrated that the cell quality is resilient to electron and proton bombardment. In Phase I, we plan to scale-up the deposition process for 0.5 ft. x 0.5 ft. area cell fabrication. Deposition conditions will be optimized to achieve high cell performance and uniformity over large areas. Achievement of a highly reproducible process that produces 0.5 ft. x 0.5 ft. modules on kapton substrates with efficiencies greater than 8% will be achieved during the Phase I program. The process and module efficiencies will further be refined in Phase II of the program with the eventual goal of the implementation of the new module design and fabrication process into ECD's role-to role manufacturing line. |
| MATERIALS RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
12441 W 49th Ave, Ste 3 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 425-6688
Dr. Ingrid Eisgruber AF 99-031 |
| Title: | Lightweight Large-Area Culn(sub x)Ga(sub 1-x)Se(sub 2) Photovoltaic Modules on Steel Foil |
| Abstract: | Flexible thin film photomoltaics offer a number of advantages over single crystal technologies for space power. Such advantages include a large number of watts per kilogram and watts per volume, superior radiation resistance, low cost and good temperature cycle stability. However, thin film photovoltaics on lightweight flexible substrates is not yet a mature technology. The use of non-glass substrates poses several challenges, including the requirement of modified scribing techniques due to the thin opaque substrate, the inability to deposit cells in a superstrate configuration due to the opaque substrate, differing film growth due to lack of Na from the glass, and possible limits on the process temperature if polymer substrates are used. Materials Research Group, Inc. (MRG, Inc.) proposes the development of thin-film polycrystalline CuIn(sub x)Ga(sub1-x)Se(sub 2) (CIGS) modules on stainless steel substrates to best provide the advantages listed above. CIGS photovoltaic devices on thin steel foil substrates provide excellent potential for high efficiency compared to other absorber materials, the ability to deposit high-quality material in high-temperature deposition steps, adequate tensile strength, demonstrated radiation hardness, a weight per area close to that of polymer substrates and far superior to that of crystalline cells, and the feasibility of simple external interconnects. |
| METROLASER, INC.
18010 Skypark Cir., Ste 100 Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
Dr. Vladimir B. Markov AF 99-032 |
| Title: | Phase Conjugate Laser System for Remote Object Tracking |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I proposal we outline a plan to develop a novel phase conjugate laser system capable of locking and tracking remote objects. The proposed system uses a pulsed laser with an intra-cavity four-wave mixing configuration. In this proposal we outline the operational principles of the system, showing how velocity and position of the target can be accurately measured. During Phase I, we will perform additional theoretical analysis, design a laboratory system, and demonstrate the key aspects of the tracking system. During Phase II we will scale the technology up for field demonstration. |
| SPACE ENVIRONMENT CORP.
399 N Main, Ste 325 Logan, UT 84321 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(435) 752-6567
J. Vincent Eccles AF 99-033 |
| Title: | Regional Ionospheric Forecast and Specification (RIFS) for Low-Latitude Navigation and Communications |
| Abstract: | The low-latitude ionosphere is highly variable from day-to-day. The day-to-day weather of the ionosphere and irregularity development impact Over-the-Horizon (OTH) radar applications, RF communication circuits, and L band satellite applications such as GPS and cellular phones. The use of these applications continues to expand, e.g., GPS as an aid to automated aircraft landing systems (WAAS). To date the monitoring and forecasting of ionospheric conditions that affect RF transmissions is either non-existent or based on empiricism. We propose to lay groundwork in Phase I for an innovative packaged system of instruments, models, and interpretive software to both monitor and forecast accurately in a geographic sector the ionosphere and the degree of ionospheric disturbance. The system would provide local monitoring for specification and 30-minute to 2-hour forecasts of signal scintillations. Since the system is deployed locally its output could be directly connected into user applications and hence maintain the forecast lead-time. The deployed sensors are off-the-shelf, and have been primarily developed for DOD applications. These sensors would be linked via INTERNET, where available, or other real-time communication links to a system computer, e.g. a Pentium-based PC. This computer carries out all required data analysis, interpretation, and provides monitoring and forecasting products autonomously. |
| FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6785 Hollister Ave Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 671-0508
Jerry L. Mehlberg AF 99-034 |
| Title: | Automated Adaptive Task Scheduling for Satellite Network |
| Abstract: | Scheduling of the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) is key to its effective utilization. As demands increase and resources decrease, scheduling must become more efficient. Current AFSCN scheduling is manpower intensive and complicated. Since this process is mainly a manual one, it can take a new scheduler months to become fully trained. Computer automation and optimization of the process will improve efficiency by reducing the labor needed to prepare the schedules. Computerized scheduling could also find opportunities in those cases where emergencies or other anomalies require that the schedule be reworked quickly. In order for a computerized system to replace the current method, its algorithms must be both fast and accurate, and its solutions must be as good or better than those produced by the present system. The AFSCN scheduling problem is characterized by multiple objectives, priorities, resource allocations, and constraints. This proposal will describe several algorithms that will address the scheduling problem from a generalized standpoint. These algorithms, once developed during Phase I, could be applied to a broad range of scheduling problems, including that of the AFSCN. Any solution to the AFSCN problem could be a candidate to many other scheduling problems found in today's world. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
2 Research Pl, Ste 202 Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Mr. Jianhong Cai AF 99-035 |
| Title: | Optoelectronic Thyristor Based High Bandwidth Photoreceiver |
| Abstract: | A novel photoreceiver is proposed based upon the high optical sensitivity, gain and impedance transformation properties of an optoelectronic thyristor and HFET integrated circuit. As part of a monolithic optoelectronic technology, the thyristor is implemented as a vertical cavity device and is compatible with complementary HFET digital and analog electronics, with a complementary bipolar analog/digital gate configuration, and with vertical cavity lasers. The thyristor is based upon strained quantum well GaAs epitaxial growth with a natural emission frequency of 1 um. It is designed as a resonant vertical cavity detector with a three quantum well active absorbing region of about 300A and with current blocking barriers on either side resulting in detection which is highly resistant to radiation. With the absence of natural oxides in this structure, the HFET electronics is also radiation tolerant and implements high performance complementary logic because the natural threshold (+0.3V) are positive providing ample noise margins. The thyristor is unique in that it performs digital/analog detection in the off state and produces laser emission in the on state. By integrating with CHFET logic, a smart pixel may be designed to perform the functions of an emitter, modulator or detector depending on the logic levels applied to the resonant cavity device. In the integrated form, BER's of <10(sup -10) are expected based upon the dark current levels obtained in these devices. In this SBIR, the integrated receiver will be developed as a prototype with bandwidths >10GHz. |
| OCEANIT
1100 Alakea St., 31st Floor Honolulu, HI 96813 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 531-3017
Daron L. Nishimoto AF 99-036 |
| Title: | High Accuracy, Automated Satellite Surveillance Network |
| Abstract: | The utilization of space is increasing as commercial, military/government, research, and academic entities discover new ways to exploit the use of this environment. With the increase in numbers of satellites and debris orbiting Earth, comes the increase in importance of protecting the safety of manned and unmanned space-based assets. This growth rate is expected to increase in the near-term with the deployment of large satellite constellations - both military and civilian/commercial. It is estimated that the telecommunication sector alone will be launching more than 1000 satellites in the next 10 years, with assets totaling approximately $50 billion. High accurate observations on space objects whether it's coming from radar, optical, and space-based sites have been historically high. Oceanit proposes to design and develop a low cost automated satellite surveillance network utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology that will produce metric accuracy in the arcsecond regime - methodologies already accepted in the astronomical community. Oceanit also intends to further investigate the potential to design and develop an orbit determination system that could be utilized for real-time object propagation within their system. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr. Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Marek Turowski AF 99-037 |
| Title: | Radiation-Hardening Design Tools for Modern Semiconductor Microelectronics |
| Abstract: | Currently, most semiconductor manufactures rely on electronic design automation (EDA) tools to design advanced microelectronics. However, their use for radiation-hardened (rad-hard) microelectronics is limited, since there is no available set of rad-hard design rules. Therefore, there is a need to develop computational models, starting from high-fidelity physics to circuit-level models, and from them, derive design rules for advanced rad-hard integrated circuits. To address these problems, CFDRC in collaboration with Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Vanderbilt University (Dr. R. Schrimpf), and Tanner (EDA Division), is proposing to: 1) Develop guidelines and methodologies for existing microelectronics CAD systems; 2) Develop computational environment for generating rad-hard design rules from 2D and 3D device simulations, using unstructured, adaptive mesh technologies and advanced hydrodynamic (HD) semiconductor model, enhanced with radiation-effects models; and 3) Incorporate the radiation hardening design rules into a commercial ECAD system. This will also demonstrate the feasibility of automating this process. The success of Phase I work on submicron silicon transistors will set a good foundation for Phase II, where the methodology and computational environment for rad-hard design rules will be extended for: Quantum-Well Photonic Devices (VCSEL's) , MEMS, and Nano Devices (RTDs). |
| ACCURATE AUTOMATION CORP.
7001 Shallowford Rd Chattanooga, TN 37421 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(423) 894-4646
Dr. James C. Neidhoefer AF 99-038 |
| Title: | Advanced Nonlinear Adaptive Controllers for Fault Tolerant Satellite Trajectory Control |
| Abstract: | Accurate Automation Corporation (AAC) will apply the latest knowledge in optimal control, adaptive control, and learning control to develop a state-of-the-art, adaptive, nonlinear, package for robust satellite guidance and control. The guidance module will generate an optimal trajectory between pre-defined way-points and the control module will ensure robust and accurate trajectory tracking. The controller will be cased on an improved version of an n (sup th) order multivariate Neutral Adaptive Controller (NAC (sup TM)) developed at AAC. And the guidance system will use a neutral network based adaptive critic. |
| APPLIED MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3611 S Harbor Blvd, Ste 225 Santa Ana, CA 92704 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 545-8825
Eyan Lee AF 99-039 |
| Title: | Development of Test Procedures and Acceptance/Rejection Criteria for Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits in Space |
| Abstract: | Hermetically sealed microcircuits, such as ceramics, have been used successfully in space, but there are potential cost, size, and weight advantages if plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) packaging is used for space application. Approximately 98% of all microcircuits manufactured in the world are housed in plastic packages. Ceramics will not be available, or very costly in the future because private industry is moving toward plastic encapsulation. Unless test procedures and acceptance/rejection criteria for space qualification of PEMs are developed, hermetically sealed microcircuits will still be required even though they are very expensive and/or very limited in availability. The problem with plastic packaging is that plastic materials are hygroscopic and contain brittle passivation layers, which are susceptible to stress cracking mainly from thermal cycling. Small amounts of moisture will lead to corrosion and, hence, early failure of the electronics. Because of moisture absorption and package cracking, commercial plastic encapsulated microcircuits manufactured today cannot pass at least five of the MIL STL 883 tests which, currently ceramic packages need to pass. At present there are no standards or requirements for PEMs for use in space stations. This proposed effort will develop test procedures and acceptance/rejection criteria for use of PEMs in space. |
| ADVANCED PROJECTS RESEARCH, INC.
1925 McKinley Ave, Ste B La Verne, CA 91750 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 392-3155
Dr. Thomas H. Sobota AF 99-041 |
| Title: | Cell-Wise Battery Charge and Thermal Control System for Aerospace Batteries |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the need for monitoring and control of change and temperature at the cell level of battery energy storage systems. While battery energy storage systems based on any cell electrochemistry can benefit from this cell-wise monitoring and control, the lithium-ion electrochemistry requires cell-wise charge and thermal management. The proposed system specifically addresses the requirements of high-voltage (>24V) high power battery energy storage systems in several innovative ways. The modular approach, by providing sensors, charge management, and thermal management at each cell permits scaling of the system to any number of cells for any pack voltage. The system architecture provides voltage isolation for circuit protection and safety and it may be applied to battery energy storage systems that employ a wide range of cell electrochemistries. The implementation is lightweight and provides a means for cost effective production in high volumes to ultimately serve commercial markets. The proposed technology has application to battery energy storage systems for spacecraft, aircraft, electric vehicles, Power quality management systems, and uninteruptable power supplies as well as a host of other applications. APRI has assembled a multidisciplinary team with all of the requisite experience to engineer the proposed system. |
| VPT, INC.
PO Box 253 Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 552-5000
Dr. Glenn R. Skutt AF 99-042 |
| Title: | Magnetic Material Characterization and Device Design for High Performance, High Temperature Applications |
| Abstract: | The use of high-temperature electronic systems using new semiconductor materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) or Gallium Nitride (GaN) offers great promise for the expansion of high-efficiency high-power applications. The high temperature operation of these devices can greatly reduce the size and weight of a power system by reducing converter heatsinking requirements. In addition, the availability of high temperature electronics allows for the placement of electronic circuitry closer to the point of load for many applications, which can result in improved performance and smaller size. Such high temperature environments, however, require new tools for the design the accompanying magnetic devices and other passive components. VPT proposes to develop magnetic device characterization procedures and device design tools that accommodate a variety of electrical and thermal environments. These tools and guidelines will combine empirical material data with analytical and numerical computations. The unique aspect of this work is the comprehensive inclusion of environmental factors and device thermal management techniques in the overall design process. The proposed design approach represents an expansion of existing magnetic device design methods and will aid in the evaluation and development of new materials that can meet the needs of high temperature, high power applications. |
| INTERSCIENCE, INC.
105 Jordan Rd Troy, NY 12180 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 283-7500
Adolfo Gutierrez AF 99-043 |
| Title: | Electro-optic Probe Station for Single Event Effects Testing |
| Abstract: | We describe the development of an affordable, tabletop Single Event Effect (SEE) Laser Probe Station that combines diode laser excitation of active areas of integrated circuits with conventional electrical probing. Laser-based SEE testing has been demonstrated as a meaningful alternative to supplement costly ion accelerator-based testing but has remained mainly as a laboratory technique not suitable for general use. Development of the proposed system would be of great value to microelectronic designers and test engineers, particularly during the development phase of radiation hardened devices. The proposed system is based on modification of an existing electro-optic probe station being commercialized by the proposing firm for non-contact wafer testing of micro-machined devices. The system architecture allows precise and reproducible positioning of the laser probe across a wafer with automated alignment and probe card positioning. During testing, the pulsed laser diode is positioned automatically to induce SEEs in sensitive areas of the device under test, and the response is monitored using standard IC testers. The Phase I effort will produce a functional prototype SEE Test system and tests performed to produce benchmark data of devices for which there is published SEE data obtained from accelerators for calibration of the testing results. The Phase I experience will result in the implementation in Phase II of a production model. |
| ON-LINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
87 Church St East Hartford, CT 06108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 291-0719
Victor Yakovlev AF 99-044 |
| Title: | Method & Instrumentation for Thick-Film SOI Non-Destructive Characterization |
| Abstract: | Thick-film Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafers are now being used to manufacture a variety of electronic products. Reliable manufacturing of advanced SOI-based products requires accurate characterization tools. Presently, the semiconductor industry lacks the necessary instrumentation to non-destructively characterize and qualify SOI wafers with silicon layers thicker than several microns. To meet the demand, a joint venture of On-Line Technologies Inc. and ADE Corporation will develop a combined thick-film SOI characterization tool employing FTIR reflectometry and multi-laser light scatterometry. The system will be able to 1) measure thicknesses of the top silicon and the buried oxide (BOX) layers, resistively and macro-defect concentration in the silicon layer, density of the BOX layer, 2) evaluate the integrity of the interface bond between the silicon film and the BOX layer, and 3) detect defects generated by the wafer treatment. Three innovations will be combined in this project to render infrared practical for SOI characterization: 1) A breakthrough optical system from On-Line Technologies, eliminating spectral artifacts arising from the wafer backside reflections, and providing significantly higher accuracy than conventional FTIR. 2) Multi-layer model-based analysis software providing a flexible way to deduce unknown parameters of interest from the reflectance spectra. 3) Multi-spectral (visible and near-IR) laser scatterometry capable of probing both surface and buried interface quality. Phase I will demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to non-destructively characterize the key properties of thick-film SOI. A system design for Phase II will be proposed. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
1720 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7632
Dr. David G. Mavis AF 99-045 |
| Title: | Programmable Data Path Architecture |
| Abstract: | A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture is proposed that is specifically designed for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. It is called the PDPA (Programmable Data Path Array) architecture and is characterized by the following features: specific support for data path functions, programming of logic elements in groups of 8, programming of routing switches in groups of 8, significant reduction of routing to logic ratio, architectural provisions for vector processing and pipelining, and provisions for context switching (logic and routing) through register files. The PDPA allows logic and routing resources to be programmed in groups having a size equal to the bus width, reducing the number of programming bits needed to implement user functions. This specialization also reduces the routing to logic ratio permitting more computational logic resources. Vector processing and switching of both logic and routing are naturally incorporated by storing the programmation in register files. Because of the tight data coupling between computing elements, we fully expect the PDPA to perform data path signal processing functions at clock speeds of 50 MHz. |
| NONVOLATILE ELECTRONICS, INC.
11409 Valley View Rd Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 829-9217
Robert A. Sinclair AF 99-045 |
| Title: | Digital Signal Processing Circuit with Embedded Reprogrammable Nonvolatile Memory |
| Abstract: | An embedded reprogrammable nonvolatile memory will be developed and integrated with a high performance digital signal processor (DSP) to allow reprogramming in the field which is currently not possible. New opportunities will become available with this development to reprogram DSPs in satellites and other remote locations as new software and innovations evolve. Radiation hardness is important in these applications which is an inherent attribute of Magnetoresistance Random Access Memory (MRAM) along with a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) process which is available to NVE both through IMP and Honeywell. Existing nonvolatile memory technologies will be evaluated to determine the suitability to the needs of this program including a 32K x 8 MRAM chip currently being developed for Eglin AFB for integration into high shock data recorders. MRAM is well suited to these applications since it is high speed, has no wear out mechanisms, is nonvolatile, and is fully CMOS and SOI process compatible. A preliminary design for reprogrammable nonvolatile memory embedded DSP circuits along with a prototype fabrication process for production will be developed. The basic DSP and nonvolatile memory technology selected will be merged and demonstrated during this Phase I program. |
| GREEN MOUNTAIN RADIO RESEARCH CO.
50 Vermont AveFort Ethan Allen Colchester, VT 05446 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(802) 655-9670
Dr. Frederick H. Raab AF 99-046 |
| Title: | Wideband High-Efficiency Power-Amplifier Modules |
| Abstract: | Modern satellite-communication transmitters use a single antenna array to form multiple beams. Each power-amplifier (PA) module must amplify multiple carriers simultaneously. The resultant high peak-to-average ratio causes conventional PAs to be very inefficient (5-10 percent). Kahn-technique (EER) transmitters combine nonlinear RF amplifiers with a high-level modulator to implement a high-efficiency linear transmitter. Such transmitters have recently been demonstrated from HF (250 W) through L band. Their average efficiency for multiracial signals is typically several times that of a conventional linear amplifier (e.g., 50-60 percent). Unfortunately, existing modulator designs limit the bandwidth to 50 to 100 kHz. This program will investigate techniques for wideband high-efficiency amplification. The preferred technique uses a high-level modulator that combines a class-S modulator with a class-B amplifier. The class-S modulator amplifies the low-frequency components of the envelope (which constitute most of the power). The class-B amplifier adds the high-frequency components. The result is a transmitter which is nearly as efficient as a Kahn-technique transmitter, but can operate with bandwidths suitable for satcom and other multicarrier applications. The Phase-I program will identify the preferred approach and determine its parameters. |
| ORMET CORP.
2236 Rutherford Rd, #109 Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 931-7065
Dr. Lutz Brandt AF 99-047 |
| Title: | Integration of Passive Components into Organic MCM Packages |
| Abstract: | Integrating passive components into substrates is seen by both military and commercial organizations as a key enabling technology for next generation electronics. NEMI (National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative) projects that by 2001, 20% of the total resistors and capacitors needed will be integrated passives. The proposed program will therefore focus on developing widely applicable processes for incorporating passives into organic MCM-type packages. Integrated multilayer substrates will be built in a fully additive process using photodefineable polymeric dielectrics. The photopatterned dielectric will serve to narrowly define the dimensions of the integrated passive components. The approach is versatile in that it can employ a variety of passive and dielectric materials and is compatible with microvia technology. Only equipment that is already well-established in board and assembly houses will be used in order to obviate technology diffusion barriers. Apart from reduction of size, weight, power and cost factors, the development will eventually enable higher speed products, by providing termination and decoupling physically closer to drivers of high-speed signals. The current limit of signal speed using discrete resistors and capacitors is .5 GHz. Phase I will demonstrate feasibility by designing and building an MCM-prototype through cooperation with the Air Force to meet current needs. |
| GRATINGS, INC.
7104 Jefferson, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-9564
Saleem H. Zaidi AF 99-048 |
| Title: | Si MOSFETs Using Nanoscale Gate Arrays |
| Abstract: | This phase I proposal addresses fabrication and characterization of nanoscale Si MOSFETs on Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. A novel approach based on multiple channel gate arrays is proposed to improve radiation-tolerance against SEU events, and achieve low-threshold voltage operation. At nanoscale (<100 nm) dimensions, multiple gate channels will provide increased current flow as well as redundancy against radiation damage. The proposed gate channels will have sub-micrometer periodicity, and will be in the form of wires, or walls embedded in thermally grown oxide. The transistors can be operated either in partially, or fully-depleted mode by either a suitable choice of channel diameter, or gate metallization process. Gate all round transistors are formed by a directional, sidewall metallization process uniquely applicable to this multiple-channel approach. The gate arrays will be fabricated by using interferometric lithography and reactive ion etching. Channel dimensions will be controlled by conventional Si thermal oxidation. Device contacts will be formed using conventional optical lithography. Transistor response will be evaluated for single and multipl channel gate arrays. A cobalt 60 source at AFRL/Kirtland Air Force Base will be used for radiation treatments. |
| PICODYNE CORP.
801 University SE, Ste 206 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 272-7040
Geoff Giffin AF 99-048 |
| Title: | Single Event Immune Ultra Low Power CMOS |
| Abstract: | Minimization of power consumption in electronics is a key requirement as spacecraft shrink in size. Semiconductor industry trends are leading power levels, lower, but not quickly enough to meet the needs of advanced missions or the new generation of broad-band communications satellites. Commercial electronics, while trending to lower power levels, do not include mechanisms to mitigate against the effects of space radiation. This is an increasingly severe problem in space as SEU effects are enhanced by smaller geometries. The goal of this SBIR is to demonstrate radiation tolerant, ultra low power VLSI combining breakthrough techniques in ultra low power with SEU mitigation techniques using commercial processes. This activity leverages on an ultra low power technology demonstration program (CULPRiT) that is being undertaken under sponsorship of DoD. CULPRiT will produce CMOS technology that operates at supply voltages near 0.25 volts. A 400 fold reduction in power levels is realized in comparing 5 and 0.25 volt processes in digital electronics. Specifically, this SBIR proposes to demonstrate a RT version of a ULP circuit combining ULP and RT technologies for space use. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
1720 Randolph Rd SE Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7709
Jeffrey D. Black AF 99-049 |
| Title: | Hardened VHSIC Hardware Description Language Digital Signal Processing Module Generator |
| Abstract: | Digital Signal Processing ASICs can currently be created using Commercial Development Environments. However, none of them can produce Rad Hard ASICs. This project will expand an existing Commercial Development Environment so that it can develop digital signal processing ASICs at Lockheed Martin Federal Systems. This tool allows a user to develop the ASIC in block diagram format, verify its functionality, predict its radiation response, and produce the files necessary for production of the ASIC at the rad hard foundry. In this phase I effort, MRC will demonstrate the application of the Commercial Development Environment, develop the approach for the rad hard cells, and develop the methodology for functional and radiation response simulations. |
| OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC.
470 San Antonio Rd, Ste 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 858-8585
Dr. Victor H. L. Cheng AF 99-052 |
| Title: | Genetic Search Methods for Antenna Placement in a Satellite Support Network |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the problem of placement or rearrangement of antennas and ground stations in a satellite support network that will provide good network performance at low cost. The problem is motivated by the economic concerns associated with consolidation of satellite support network resources. The solution to this problem is extremely complex and requires juggling many different constraints and performance requirements. Herein is proposed the development of a set of genetic search algorithms for automatic near-optimal solution of this problem. Genetic search methods are a type of directed trial-and-error, and therefore, as they are not gradient-based, are ideal for optimization problems with complex or non-smooth constraints or performance measures. Development of these algorithms must be preceded by an in-depth analysis of the problem, during which factors and constraints relevant to antenna placement can be identified. Performance criteria for evaluation of the antenna/ground station configurations produced by the algorithms will also be defined. The algorithms developed will then be implemented and tested on a representative set of placement scenarios. |
| CUSTOM MANUFACTURING & ENGINEERING
7887 Bryan Dairy Rd, Ste 110 Largo, FL 33777 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 547-9799
Mark A. Strain, MSEE AF 99-053 |
| Title: | Lightweight, Automated Passive Propagation Sensor/Analyzer (APPSA) |
| Abstract: | CME's Phase I Objective is to develop a multi-frequency microwave radiometer instrument to measure link-outage causing water vapor, liquid, and cloud propagation factors at frequencies of interest for military/commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) systems, thereby provide ground station operators with tools to automatically mitigate the effects of link outages. The instrument will operate at frequencies optimally selected for algorithm accuracy and correlation to the 20, 30, and 44 GHz bands. The design goal: Develop a ruffed, automatic, passive, continuously operating, Radiometer that is small, self-contained, remote-controllable, and man-portable with a design easily transferable to future SATCOM applications. The instrument will provide real-time meteorological analysis and fade slope data to intelligently minimize link outages due to weather effects. We will use available Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC), Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, low-noise InP HEMT chips, and a miniaturized calibration technique. In support of CME's efforts, Raytheon's C3 Segment will support them with SATCOM expertise as required. CME has invited DR. Rudolf Henning on our team in his role as a continuing ACTS Researcher and propagation expert. With these agreements, we can now access and leverage ACTS, NOAA, GBS, MILSTAR, and Teledesic, resources. Florida provides the ideal location for this effort. In Phase I, we will develop a preliminary design of a radiometer, fabricate a bench-top demonstrator, leading to a prototype design/test plan. Off-the-shelf MMICs will be used along with COTS hardware to minimize cost and enhance subsequent manufacturability. Finally, we will demonstrate key elements of the design to address USAF requirements. |
| OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC.
470 San Antonio Rd, Ste 200 Palo Alto, CA 94306 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 858-8585
Dr. Victor H. L. Cheng AF 99-054 |
| Title: | Common Environment for Guidance and Control Studies (CEGACS) |
| Abstract: | The traditional approach for guidance and control studies in aerospace applications typically involve the synthesis of a vehicle model, which would be used as a design model for the guidance and control design and/or as the truth model for evaluating the guidance and control laws. Although efforts are generally made to reuse previously proven models, the efforts normally would involve custom modifications, and often the modifications would reduce the performance of the computer code and consequently its usability. It is therefore desirable to have a computer program that can support development of new vehicle models with a flexible database of often-used subsystems. Proposed herein is a Common Environment for Guidance and Control Studies (CEGACS). The envisioned product is a computer program that will include subsystem functions for synthesizing most aerospace vehicles of interest to the Air Force, including launch vehicles, orbiting satellites, reentry vehicles, and aircraft. The overall concepts include the ability to evaluate the system within the environment, and the ability to extract the system model for use on other platforms or by other computer programs. The CEGACS product is also envisioned to support evaluation and control over a computer network. |
| JTA RESEARCH, INC.
3030 Old Ranch ParkwaySuite 210 Seal Beach, CA 90740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 795-9153
Maria Tirabassi AF 99-055 |
| Title: | Advanced Embedded Test Processor |
| Abstract: | Today's complex DoD and commercial satellite systems require a sophisticated test and fault monitoring approach for enhanced telemetry. Hence, an embedded test processor capable of monitoring faults in real-time and relaying the information to the satellite's control processor is needed. In addition, a smart processor capable of performing built-in test upon command would provide critical information necessary to isolate faulty units or circuitry within the spacecraft. This same technology is required in high-end consumer commercial hardware during manufacturing and in-field test. The convergence to systems-on-chip accelerates the need for a "smart" embedded processor capable of providing test access to complex blocks of logic now embedded within a single ASIC. The Advanced Embedded Test Processor satisfies the DoD, commercial satellite, and consumer market need for a programmable, real-time fault monitoring and built-in-test controller targeted for implementation in VHDL. |
| AZ TECHNOLOGY, INC.
4901 Corporate Dr, Suite 101 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9877
David G. Crandall AF 99-059 |
| Title: | Laboratory Portable Radiometric Calibration Source |
| Abstract: | Sensor technology is developing to meet the demands of remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral imaging. Remote sensing as applied to object surveillance, detection discrimination, identification or other signature imaging requires spectroradiometric calibration of the sensors. AZ Technology proposes to develop a transportable standard calibration source for the spectral range 0.5 to 1.5 microns with sufficient spectral resolution to support at least 100 bands. In Phase I a survey of radiometric test chambers will be conducted and the feasibility of construction a system around an innovative diffuser design will be evaluated. This will prepare for the constructing of the prototype in Phase II. The source design will support calibration of State-of-the-art sensors capable of detecting spectral radiance 10^-10 Watts/cm^2-sr-micron. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Pkwy N, PO Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 442-4355
Kim Castro AF 99-060 |
| Title: | Emerging Technologies in Training Development |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will develop an innovative Satellite Operations Training System (SOTS) prototype that leverages advanced interactive multimedia instruction (IMI), intelligent tutoring system (ITS), and modeling and simulation (including advanced visualization and gaming) technologies to address satellite operator training requirements of AFSPC and USSPACECOM. The domain focus for Phase I is satellite operations tasks such as anomaly resolution, orbital maneuver, and spacecraft maneuver. Phase I will develop a generalized architecture for integrating modeling and simulation components and embedded intelligent agents with emerging COTS distributed learning, intelligent multimedia authoring, and instructional delivery components. The prototype system will demonstrate key features defined per mutual agreement. The project will (for a limited set of training objectives): 1) demonstrate an instructional design process that flows from mission essential task lists (METLs) and satellite operations core skills' requirements to specific training objectives at the satellite control level; 2) demonstrate intelligent tutoring technology that can deliver adaptive IMI based on student mastery of training objectives, instructional history, and other media attributes; and 3) demonstrate how modeling and simulation technologies can enhance understanding of non-intuitive satellite control tasks. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CO.
. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. Lev Tuchinskiy AF 99-061 |
| Title: | Innovative Technology for High Performance Low Temperature Regenerators for Advanced Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | A new approach for fabricating high performance low temperature regenerators for use in advanced cryocoolers near and below 10K is proposed. Solid regenerator cartridges with microchannel structure (MCS) made of magnetic lanthanide-rich materials (e.g. Er(sub 3)Ni) are suggested instead of traditional regenerator beds packed with spheres. A regenerator cartridge with a microchannel structure offers the best design for cryocoolers because it has the highest ratio of heat transfer area to pressure drop. Its effectiveness is 20 to 25% higher than that of regenerator beds packed with spheres. Lack of technology for fabricating regenerators with microchannel structures from brittle magnetic intermetallics have prevented their use in the past. This project deals with a novel patented fabrication technique for making multichannel regenerators from brittle intermetallic compound Er(Sub 3)Ni, which exhibits sharp rise in heat capacity at temperatures slightly below 10K. The fabrication technique includes the co-extrusion of fine Er(sub 3)Ni powders together with a polymer binder and filler. It offers a possibility to fabricate cryocooler regenerator cartridges from brittle magnetic intermetallics with a controlled surface area and a low fluid flow resistance. The mechanical stability of MCS regenerators is expected to be much better than that of the beds packed with spherical particles. It is anticipated that the cost of manufacture using the MCS technology will be significantly lower because of much higher yields. |
| METROLASER, INC.
18010 Skypark CircleSuite 100 Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
Dr Peter A DeBarber AF 99-061 |
| Title: | Diode Laser Pumped Molecular Refrigeration |
| Abstract: | We propose the development of a novel diode laser pumped cooling device. The device can be readily adapted to the high powered cooling requirements of gimbaled optics assemblies, detectors, and electronics. The cooling medium for our device is molecular-based and has inherent advantages over existing mechanical cryogenic coolers. The optical cooling effect is based on anti-Stokes fluorescence laser cooling in the near infrared spectral region. Our innovative features include no moving parts, operation at convenient laser wavelengths, inherent energy efficiency, solid state design, small size and weight, immunity from electromagnetic interferences, long operational lifetime, and inexpensive to manufacture. The Phase I program will theoretically and experimentally determine the feasibility of the concept. |
| REDSTONE ENGINEERING CONSULTING, INC.
4860 Meredith Way Apt 103 Boulder, CO 80303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 440-9052
James M. Lester AF 99-061 |
| Title: | Variable Temperature Thermal Storage Unit for Space Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Cryocoolers will be required to handle larger sensor heat loads in the future. These larger loads will also vary over time as the result of sensor duty cycles. These varying loads have brought about the concept of the Thermal Storage Unit (TSU). The TSU is added to the cooling system to average the heat load on the cryocooler. By averaging the load, the size of the cryocooler and the cooler input power are minimized while the sensor temperature is held constant. To date, development work has concentrated on fixed temperature TSUs. Fixed temperature TSUs work by absorbing heat by the mechanism of phase change in a solid cryogen located at the cooled sensor. Variable temperature TSUs have been studied very little. Variable temperature TSUs solve the variable heat load problem without the need for phase-change cryogens. They are particularly useful for very low temperature applications (below 12K) where there are no phase-change cryogens useful for TSUs. This proposed effort will examine variable temperature TSUs through analysis and test with concentration on the temperature range below 12K. |
| APPLIED ASTRONAUTICS CORP.
3077 Leeman Ferry Rd, Ste F Huntsville, AL 35801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 883-7614
Dr. Eugene Worley AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Low-cost Reusable Conventional Launch Vehicle Using LOX/LNG Propellants |
| Abstract: | Virtually every user of launch services is seeking methods to reduce launch costs. A reusable conventional launch vehicle configuration shows the potential to achieve this goal. The LOX/LNG propellant combination shows the potential to enhance both propulsion system reusability and launch system mass-to-orbit capability. This propellant combination also has the performance margins necessary to offset the increased mass required to achieve practical vehicle reusability. Integrating LOX/LNG propulsion into a reusable conventional vehicle system can positively address both of the competing goals of increasing launch system performance and lowering costs. One of the most likely sources of increased system performance comes from upper stage performance. An upper-stage thrust chamber performance of 360s Isp will be targeted in this investigation. Recovery system operations and vehicle and propulsion system reuse criteria will be investigated to establish overall vehicle feasibility and cost structure. A specific vehicle concept will be defined that will have the potential to offer useful mass-to-orbit capability and low costs. The "L-curve" cost structure of reusable launch vehicles will be investigated and defined including a comparison to expendable vehicle configurations. |
| ATTOTEK, INC.
21010 Southbank St, Ste 800 Sterling, VA 20165 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 444-0430
David L. Martin AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Optimal Utilization of Cooperative, Cross-Program Reconnaissance Systems |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of automating and optimizing the placement and routing of surveillance and reconnaissance systems. These systems consist of dissimilar cross-program space, air, sea and land-based platforms performing cooperative, simultaneous collects against many targets over a theater-wide region. Quality metrics such as geolocation accuracy will be used in place of previous metrics such as line-of-sight access and revisit times. This research proposes using genetic algorithms to optimally (1) choose fixed assets (2) route and place variable assets and (3) choose the best geolocation technique. Heuristics will be developed to initialize the solution population and guide the genetic algorithm evolution. These heuristics will encapsulate problem specific information to ensure operational viability. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURES & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Sq Nashville, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Jeffrey S. N. Paine AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Dissipative Acoustic Arrays for Interior Noise Control in Payload Fairings |
| Abstract: | Dynamic Structures and Materials proposes to develop dissipative acoustic arrays for the control of interior noise in launch vehicle payload fairings. The innovation in this work is the use of discrete noise control sources that utilize feedback control to dissipate acoustic energy. Acoustic energy dissipation is a robust method of reducing sound pressure levels in the interior of the payload fairings. The goal of the research is to provide payloads with a quieter ride to orbit through new methods of active acoustic suppression in launch vehicles. The motivation for this work is the control of low-frequency in small to medium-sized launch vehicle payload fairings. Low-frequency noise is a problem in launch vehicle fairings due to the lack of significant energy dissipation below 200 to 300 Hz. The conventional method for reducing fairing sound pressure levels is to line the interior with sound absorbing acoustic blankets. Although very effective at higher frequencies, acoustic blankets provide less sound absorption at frequencies in which the acoustic wavelength is large compared to the thickness of the material. The effectiveness of the passive acoustic treatment is limited at low frequencies by the thickness of the blanket material. |
| ELECTRIC PROPULSION LABORATORY, INC.
1040 Synthes Ave Monument, CO 80132 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4411
Dr. Graeme Aston AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Charging Hazard Event Controller (CHEC) System |
| Abstract: | A stand alone plasma based Charging Hazard Event Controller (CHEC) system is proposed to enhance the survivability and usefulness of Air Force Spacecraft in the future battlespace environment. The CHEC system is defined as a multi-function device capable of controlling several forms of environmental and man made charging hazards which, if not neutralized, could disrupt and/or incapacitate the spacecraft. A proof-of-concept plasma source is proposed for assembly and performance testing during Phase I to validate the operational modes most suited to the charge control requirements of the Air Force. Based upon the results of these tests, a CHEC system will be designed for Phase II development and optimatization. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Ctr Dr San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9100
Charles H. Hill AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Spacecraft Protection Design Guidelines (SPDG) |
| Abstract: | The project objectives are: 1. Develop a paper Design Guideline outline which will form the basis of an electronic guideline for hardening spacecraft against laser and ratio frequency (RF) effects. 2. Select a database of laser and RF effects and hardening data. 3. Develop and demonstrate a prototype SPDG framework using HTML technology. 4. Develop selective interactive tools and embed them in SPDG to provide the capability of estimating laser and RF effects and the utility of hardening approaches. SPDG fulfills a significant shortfall in the capability of space vehicle designers and developers to address emerging directed energy threats. SPDG will: identify which spacecraft components are susceptible to which effects at a given DE environment level, identify and prioritize hardening approaches, and provide immediate feedback on the effect of hardening changes to design. The SPDG approach will take advantage of Microsoft's Internet development technologies to create a Windows-based, user-friendly electronic guideline, with links to embedded calculational tools. Using the Common Object Model (COM) architecture, modules can be rapidly built up, and the resulting tool can be used as a stand-alone program, or can be linked to other Air Force models, such as those that calculate DE generation or propagation. SPDG evaluates the environment interaction with the spacecraft, identifies potential effects, identifies appropriate hardening options, and calculates the effect of hardening options implemented. It provides an expert system approach with an intuitive interface. |
| NEA ELECTRONICS, INC.
9600 De Soto Ave Chatsworth, CA 91311 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 998-5788
Edwin Vega AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Additional Development Testing for Model 9111 and Model VRBM 2500 Hold Down and Release Mechanisms |
| Abstract: | NEA Electronics, Inc. (NEA) is a manufacturer of electro-mechanical products, specializing in the development of innovative hold down and release mechanisms for the aerospace industry. NEA has designed and manufactured two prototype release mechanisms with unique capabilities. The Model 9111 rod release mechanism is simple, highly reliable, light weight and cost effective. It is capable of restraining up to 2500 lbs. of tension and releasing the load instantaneously upon electrical command. The source shock output is extremely low (less than 500 g,s) at the 2500 lb. preload. The model 9111 weighs 80 grams. The Model VBRM 2500 is an electrically and mechanically redundant release mechanism. This mechanism is designed to restrain a V-Band or marmon clamp up to a rated tensile load of 2000 pounds. Upon electrical command, the V-Band separates, nearly instantaneously, to allow the two restrained structures to separate. Prototypes of each mechanism have been built and preliminary testing has shown that these devices meet technical requirements. NEA is proposing to conduct additional development testing over a range of environment parameters simulating launch and space. Numerous customers and programs have shown interest in these products. The test results are intended to validate the products design, leading to qualification testing. |
| PAYLOAD SYSTEMS
247 Third St Cambridge, MA 02141 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 868-8086
Dr. Javier de Luis AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Experiment Support Facility for Structures and Control |
| Abstract: | The Experiment Support Facility will provide a common set of laboratory services, including signal conditioning, data storage, real time digital signal processing, and communications to Air Force Station Payloads. The ESF could be connected to a wide array of test articles representing a multitude of disciplines, including structures, robotics, fluids, and human factor experiments. In addition, when connected to an experiment the ESF would monitor the data as it is obtained, communicate with the ground and even alter the experiment parameters, basing its "decisions" on a series if parameters entered into it by the principal investigators. In a sense, the ESF will allow the PI to place some of his or her knowledge on orbit, leading to a much more efficient use of crew time and other station resources. Crew time, both on-orbit and training time on the ground, is quickly developing as the scarcest resource in crew flight activities. This has become true on the Space Shuttle, especially with regards to secondary payloads, and will be true on the Space Station. The ESF is based on the successful MACE Experiment Support Module, which is being reflown on the Shuttle by the AFRL in 1999. |
| STAR TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INC.
3213 Carmel Bay Dr, Ste 200 Mount Pleasant, SC 29466 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 856-8875
Jerome Pearson AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Mechanisms for Tether-Powered Space Vehicles |
| Abstract: | The Air Force needs an autonomous service vehicle to inspect, repair, upgrade, or refuel future satellites configured for on-orbit servicing. Such a vehicle must be very low mass, with a high power output for electric propulsion. Conventional ion rockets or arcjets may not have the delta-V/mass ratio required for the mission. Star Technology and Research, Inc. proposes a concept of a maneuvering satellite that requires no expenditure of fuel for fulfilling Air Force orbital service missions. The mechanism to accomplish this is an advanced electrodynamic tether powered by lightweight solar panels to allow repeated orbital maneuvers without using propellant. Controlling the current flow in the tether allows complete control of the orbit. The vehicle could transport satellites from one orbit to another, and could service vehicles beyond low Earth orbit. In this Phase I investigation, the satellite concept is developed, its operational envelope is examined, and potential Air Force applications are evaluated. A proof-of-concept experiment is proposed for a low-cost space demonstration. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH, INC.
4909 Nautilus Ct N Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Kurt Lankford AF 99-062 |
| Title: | Next Generation Non-Pyrotechnic Release Devices |
| Abstract: | Pyro-pulse compatible, non-explosive release devices will be developed for separation of satellites from launch vehicles for next generation of small spacecraft missions. Two design prototypes will be developed which utilize redundant shape memory actuators to provide both pyro-pulse compatibility, and multiple operation capability without refurbishment. Both designs will provide: Low-shock, non-explosive sepa |