| KAPTEYN-MURNANE LABORATORIES LLC
4699 Nautilus Court South, Unit 205 Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 544-9068
Dr. Kendall L. Read DARPA 02-022 Awarded: 21OCT02 |
| Title: | Induced Local EMP and Secondary THz Radiation in Sensor Window Materials from Intense Femtosecond Pulses at Long Range |
| Abstract: | This project seeks to study the potential use of high-frequency RF pulses generated by an ultrashort-pulse laser-produced plasma, as a means of disrupting the sensors of an aircraft or missile. Femtosecond laser plasmas can propagate over extended distances at very high intensity in the form of self-trapped filaments. This high intensity radiation can disrupt sensors and guidance systems both by direct damage, and by creating a short-lived plasma on the sensor window. This plasma emits broadband radiation, ranging from the RF into the x-ray region of the spectrum. In phase I, we plan to evaluate through modeling the possible field strength of the emission in the RF to terahertz range, in order to estimate the potential of this emission to disrupt sensors. We will also plan a series of experiments that can thoroughly characterize and parameterize this emission. The result, after phase II, will be a better understanding of the capabilities of this process for countermeasures applications. The result of this work will be a better understanding of the potential for high intensity femtosecond lasers to serve in countermeasures applications. Phase I will serve to evaluate this process, based on modeling and a compilation of current understanding of the physics of laser-plasma interactions, and will help to determine fruitful directions for further experimentation. Phase II will serve as experimental confirmation of the physical understandings developed in phase I. The development of such a laser-based countermeasure capability will be valuable for defense applications, including homeland defense. Other potential commercial/defense benefits of this work are in applications such as laser ablation and micromachining, in developing "hard" laser optics, and in developing new types of light sources for scientific and industrial applications. |
| TIME DOMAIN CORP.
7057 Old Madison Pike Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9229
Dr. Neset Ak”zbek DARPA 02-022 Awarded: 15OCT02 |
| Title: | Induced Local EMP and Secondary THz Radiation in Sensor Window Materials from Intense Femtosecond Pulses at Long Range |
| Abstract: | Time Domain Corporation (TDC) proposes to provide the military with a detailed physical understanding of EMP generation in air induced by intense femtosecond laser pulses under self-focusing conditions. Theoretical models developed will include the full spatio-temporal dynamics of laser pulse-plasma interaction. The physical mechanism that lead to the charge separation and the subsequent EMP generation will be described in detail and its dependence on the initial laser pulse conditions will be investigated. Other, methods to generate intense THz radiation via nonlinear frequency mixing in air and materials will be studied. Particularly, the propagation of two laser pulses under self-focusing and plasma generation will be studied. An important part of our effort will concentrate on the design of detection techniques and design of experiments using high peak power femtosecond laser pulses in air. All of the required instrumentation will be identified as well as experimental setup for performing the measurements. Detection techniques for the measurement of the absolute radiometric intensity of the EMP radiation, its temporal profile, polarization and emission patterns will be addressed. In this proposal, TDC presents an approach, based on sound scientific research principles, that will lead to a prototype femtosecond laser system using focused geometry on a laboratoryscale to induce and measure plasma generated EMP. The result will be a well developed design that will provide both military and commercial applications in remote sensing, novel broadband laser imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) for remote detection and discrimination of atmospheric pollutants, etc. |
| PIEZO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2525 Shader Road Orlando, FL 32804 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 298-2000
Mr. M. D. Howard DARPA 02-023 Awarded: 10OCT02 |
| Title: | Reducing/Eliminating Tuning of Microwave LC Filters |
| Abstract: | Electrical filters are critical elements in communications, navigation and radar systems. The steadily increasing use of bandwidth in communications systems and consequent increased usage of microwave frequencies has created a need for small, selective filters above 1 GHz. Conventional lumped element filters can be obtained up to several GHz, but are costly, requiring tedious individual alignment by highly skilled technicians. Planar structures offer the potential to eliminate or reduce alignment, and hence to reduce cost. The proposed program will develop methods for the design and manufacture of planar, or microstrip, filters requiring no tuning or which can be tuned automatically. A key element will be the development of accurate methods of circuit modeling. The work will include the development of algorithms for evaluation of internal filter component values from external measurements. Design studies will identify filter configurations most amenable to automatic tuning. Methods of tuning, which may include removal or addition of material, will be developed. This program will result in more cost-effective production of filters at microwave frequencies. Filters are often one the more expensive components in microwave systems. Lower cost filters will be a factor in the deployment of higher frequency systems such as LMDS, Direct Broadcast Satellite, Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, radar systems and guided smart weapons. The techniques to be developed will be applicable to volume production. |
| SAN DIEGO RESEARCH CENTER, INC.
PO Box 99746 San Diego, CA 92169 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 252-6882
Dr. Martha Steenstrup DARPA 02-024 Awarded: 07OCT02 |
| Title: | Design of Mobile, Wireless (Ad Hoc) Networks Using Smart Antennas |
| Abstract: | In the future, smart antennas will become commonplace in military communications due to strong performance advantages on the one hand, and the cost leverage provided by advances in digital signal processing and Moore's Law on the other hand. We propose to design, simulate, and analyze distributed algorithms for efficient management of transmission resources in multihop mobile wireless networks with smart antennas. Building on our prior work on multibeam transmission and reception through sub-band beamforming, blind techniques for neighbor discovery that have a low probability of detection, and directional TDMA-based medium access control, we will demonstrate the potentially large performance improvements to be achieved in networks equipped with smart antennas and algorithms that select, schedule, and reserve transmission resources so as to achieve the desired network characteristics as well as the requested quality of service for individual applications. We anticipate that our work will demonstrate that networking with multiple-beam smart antennas has major benefits relative to networking with single-beam antennas, in both efficiency and ability of the network to provide the quality of service desired by mission-critical point-to-point and multicast applications. We expect our technology to be a strong enabler of spectral reuse in both the defense and commercial sectors. The strong data-rate, LPD/AJ, and service provision benefits of harnessing the transmission resources provided by smart antennas make this technology particularly suited for use in military progams. |
| AETION TECHNOLOGIES LLC
1275 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 340-1835
Dr. John Josephson DARPA 02-025 Awarded: 01NOV02 |
| Title: | Sensor fusion for situation awareness in littoral environments |
| Abstract: | To maximize situational awareness, while minimizing cognitive overload, automated abductive inference (best-explanation reasoning) will be used to create a changing, "best interpretation" representation of the situation from incoming data. Modeling and simulation will be used by the abductive inference software for automatic generation of predictions from hypotheses, enabling the continual generation of predictions to support: hypothesis evaluation, sensor tasking, planning, and detection of anomalies that may be valuable indications of deception, modeling errors, or sensor failure. Abductive inference will work tightly with predictive infererence to to provide a reliable, self-correcting representation of the situation, based on current evidence from sensor data, using domain knowledge encoded as causal-model fragments. Aetion proposes to extend its current technology base to create software for building and composing sensor-fusion applications that are modular and extensible as new types of sensors are integrated, and as new knowledge is available about object types, sensor characteristics, and causal processes that mediate the effects of objects on sensors. If this is feasible, the resulting software should be cost effective and highly valuable for multiple sensor fusion applications, resulting in systems able to squeeze more usable information from less data than systems not using causal relationships and domain models. Our automated inference technology is broadly applicable because it is based on a ubiquitous form of reasoning that is very human. So, development that benefits one particular application will tend to also expand our capabilities for others. As well as there being multiple customers with a need for advanced solutions in sensor fusion, our best-explanation approach shows exceptional promise for intelligence analysis, systems and situation monitoring, and diagnosis in engineering and medicine. Aetion's technology offers significant benefits for multiple aspects of the military's transformation over the coming decade, and we aim to realize that potential, by proving general and specific capabilities to the Department of Defense, then transitioning those products to address related commercial applications. |
| INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC.
10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 535-9680
Dr. Jeffrey Ridgway DARPA 02-026 Awarded: 06NOV02 |
| Title: | Forward Looking Collision Avoidance and Sub-Bottom Sensor for Conceptual High Speed Submersibles |
| Abstract: | To meet the submarine threat in the littoral, high-speed submersibles will require additional information from target electric (E) fields to improve Detection Probability, reduce False Alarm Rate, and provide tracking information, in a turbulent regime where acoustic sensors encounter difficulty. Recent advances in processing E-field signatures of submarines will help mitigate active silencing measures and provide the potential to track and avoid them. New electrode designs and low-noise amplifiers can be configured into candidate E-field sensors for evaluation on high-speed submersibles. During Phase I, threat submarine E-field signatures will be investigated and background noise, as seen from high-speed submersibles, will be modeled to provide signal-to-noise ratios for candidate sensor performance estimates. The effects of turbulence on E-field signature detection during high-speed operations will be approximated. Current Fourier processing techniques will be compared with the new Hilbert-Huang Transform and Empirical Mode Decomposition methods. E-field sensors will be designed that are compatible with high-speed submersible configurations and their primary sensor concepts. During Phase II, an E-field sensor, based on designs from Phase I, will be fabricated and sea-tested at speed against a calibrated submarine target. During Phase III, development and integration of the sensor into high-speed submersible designs will take place. Given a successful outcome of the Phase II research, the technology proposed here can be readily commercialized leading to a real-time target electric field detection and tracking sensor and software package suitable for a variety of DoD and surveillance applications. Marine technology where targets are found in media and situations that have limited potential for acoustic and optical sensors (shallow and murky coastal regions) will be the most direct application area. Since low-level, low frequency electromagnetic energy may be emitted around human activity in river and estuary jungle environments, an E-field sensor aboard a UUV may be practical for surveillance in those areas. The nonlinear data processing methods developed for E-field detection will also find applications for other sensor technologies. |
| MECHMATH LLC
2109 Windsong Edmond, OK 73034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(405) 844-2284
Dr. Eduard Amromin DARPA 02-027 Awarded: 02OCT02 |
| Title: | Hubrid Hull Forms for Conceptual High Speed Submersibles |
| Abstract: | DoD is interested in small underwater fighter-like vehicles. These submersibles will start from submarines and must carry sensors and/or weapons at a high speed. A part of their route will be passed over the water surface in littoral environment. Drag reduction is the key issue in design of such vehicles because submerged missiles add significant hydrodynamic drag. For surface operations, hydrofoils can both significantly reduce friction and pull missiles out of water. The missiles will be suspended under upper a foil/frame of a hydrofoil-biplane. This biplane is located between side hulls of the submersible. For underwater motions, the missiles are hidden within a vented partial cavity under the frame. The frame special design makes it possible the existence of stable partial cavities with negligible drag. Variation of appendage shapes and pressure in the cavity allows stabilization of this low drag in varying conditions. Phase I work includes elaboration of hybrid hull concepts (including propulsor selection, analysis of seakeeping and possible employment of polymer for additional drag reduction), experimental validation of frame drag reduction by cavitation in a water tunnel, and selection of CFD tools for future detailed design during Phase II. Commercialization will be mainly based on applications of drag reduction by partial cavities to both warships and fast commercial ships. |
| MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 306-0609
Dr. Marthinus C. van Schoor DARPA 02-027 Awarded: 22OCT02 |
| Title: | Morphing hulls |
| Abstract: | Mid‚ is proposing to investigate the use of morphing structures to achieve hull forms that can perform optimally underwater and on the surface. Using our extensive experience with large strain materials, Mid‚ will examine in Phase I the feasibility of hull structures to morph from symmetric shapes for underwater operations and non-symmetric shaped hulls for surface operations. The symmetric underwater shapes will minimize drag and depth control requirements while the non-symmetric surface shapes will allow the submersible to operate at high speed and low drag on the surface.The primary focus of Phase I will be the morphing of the hull structure while considering the need to house/contain a suite of sensors in the hull structure. CFD codes and structural finite element codes will be used to determine the amount of morphing that can be achieved and the performance that it will provide. In Phase II prototypes will be built to demonstrate the feasibility of the innovation. The most significant benefits are increase in range, reduced fuel consumption and stealth. Morphing structures also have aerospace applications. UAVs, aircraft launched missiles and gun launched projectiles can benefit from the technology. Structures that can achieve large shape changes can create a profitable line of toys. |
| REMCOM, INC.
315 S. Allen St., Suite 222 State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 861-1299
Mr. Joseph Schuster DARPA 02-028 Awarded: 02OCT02 |
| Title: | Radio Propagation Prediction Software for Complex Mixed Path Physical Channels |
| Abstract: | Predicting the radio signal levels and coverage areas for Information Warfare System communication channels between base stations, vehicles and warfighters is a challenging problem. The channel may involve radio frequency interactions with hills, foliage, and buildings. The paths may involve long distances over hilly terrain or shorter distances involving interaction with urban building features. Many propagation paths may simultaneously involve hills, foliage, and urban areas. For example, a warfighter sheltered in a doorway in an urban area may need to communicate with a command station located in a rural forested area outside of the city. These mixed path links involving both urban (including indoor) features and rural (including foliage) terrain are beyond the capability of any existing physics-based propagation model. Currently available models, including those developed by Remcom Inc., are applicable to paths where both the transmitting and receiving antennas are located in an outdoor urban environment, or indoors, or in rural areas. Development of fast and reliable mixed-path models valid over a wide range of communication frequencies will be the focus of the proposed SBIR effort The ultimate goal will be a very general propagation prediction tool for mixed propagation paths including terrain, indoor and outdoor urban features, foliage, and atmospheric effects. The tool will also include effects of structures near the transmitting and receiving antennas including urban features, vehicles, and even the warfighter's own body and equipment. The software will make use of high frequency methods such as Geometrical Theory of Diffraction, specialized methods such as Parabolic Equation, and full wave methods such as Finite Difference Time Domain and Moving Window FDTD. The propagation model to be developed under Phase II will integrate the ability to read in terrain, foliage, features, and atmospheric data, any available measurements, apply powerful RF coverage models to general mixed propagation paths, tune them with the available measured data, and provide coverage prediction displays. The proposed propagation model development will result in an important propagation prediction tool with general application in both DoD and commercial areas. Remcom launched its commercial version of Wireless InSite radio propagation prediction software nearly two years ago. This software is intended for customers who require fast and accurate predictions of radio propagation in urban environments. The proposed extensions to allow more accurate propagation prediction over mixed paths including irregular terrain, foliage, urban features and atmospheric effects will greatly enhance the power of Wireless InSite. Adding the ability to tune predictions with available measurements will be another important extension that will make Wireless InSite more useful to both commercial and DoD users. At present there is no commercial propagation software that will accurately predict radio propagation over mixed propagation paths. The market for such a software product is large, including both commercial and DoD applications. |
| TECH-KNOWLEDGE ADVANCEMENT, INC.
P.O. Box 2022 Camarillo, CA 93011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 388-9115
Dr. Chong L. Yu DARPA 02-028 Awarded: 02OCT02 |
| Title: | Radio Propagation Prediction Software for Complex Mixed Path Physical Channels |
| Abstract: | Modern and future wireless communication and information warfare systems composed of structured and ad hoc networks are required to function in extremely diverse environments across a wide range of frequency bands. These systems face challenges of operating within dense urban settings, rural or desert conditions, across rapidly varying terrain, within and amongst buildings, through foliage, and combinations of the above environments. Maintaining effective communication links and information warfare operations in such diverse geometrical and electrical conditions presents a serious challenge to the warfighter, network planner, and system designer. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of creating a single propagation prediction tool of revolutionary capabilities that can accurately analyze RF propagation scenarios of arbitrary complexity with rapid turnaround. This tool will be able to characterize RF propagation over a wide frequency band (50MHz - 100GHz) and through diverse environments including urban, rural, foliage, and building interiors. The propagation model will be fully three dimensional with regards to the high fidelity scene models representing various geometric structures and the physics employed. The physics-based model developed will incorporate high- and low-frequency effects such as rough-surface diffusive scattering and ground waves, as well as an accuracy `tuning' capability. The resulting RF propagation tool will revolutionize the warfighter's ability to maintain effective communication links and to perform tasks of information warfare in extremely diverse environments with multiple systems over a wide frequency range. Additionally, the analyst and the system designer will be able to use this tool to assess and guide the development of new RF systems with orders of magnitude in reduction of cost, production and testing. The diverse channel propagation model will also have application to law enforcement communication planning and to a wide variety of wireless communication systems. |
| VISUALEM CORP.
2019 Georgetown Blvd Ann Arbor, MI 48105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 222-4558
Dr. Tayfun Ozdemir DARPA 02-028 Awarded: 28OCT02 |
| Title: | Radio Propagation Prediction Software for Complex Mixed Path Physical Channels |
| Abstract: | The deployment of advance wireless communication systems requires detail knowledge of the propagation environment and its effect on the system's performance. Physics based propagation prediction models can provide an accurate assessment of the propagation channel without the need for an intrusive and costly set of field measurements. The proposed work envisions a fully functional computer-aided design software tool that wireless communication system designers and planners can use to simulate the phenomena that effect the propagation in the physical layer. The software will allow the user to investigate the coverage that can be provided by various base station locations and plan system deployment without doing drive tests. The software will allow users to include the effects of base station antenna patterns and diversity in their system plan, as well as propagation parameters that can be used to evaluate quality of service measures. Communication devices are entering more and more aspects of daily life. From cell-phones to automobiles, wireless technology, in particular, is setting the trend and creating the demand. Better devices and technologies that drive these devices will have to be developed. As the envelope is pushed and the competition gets stiff, having access to EDA tools based on accurate propagation models will prove to be the competitive edge. Currently, the capabilities of and access to comprehensive and sophisticated site-specific propagation tools is quite limited. In addition, there is a definite requirement within agencies of the federal government and in the wireless communication industry for a validated, accurate, comprehensive and robust propagation prediction tool. |
| CREATIVE SCIENCE & SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS, INC.
5302 Rymney Lane, Suite B Burke, VA 22015 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 978-4483
Dr. Raymond M. Fitzgerald DARPA 02-029 Awarded: 02OCT02 |
| Title: | Improved Information Extraction Using Prior Knowledge to Satisfy Multiple Objectives |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park, 716 N Bethlehem Pike, Ste 300 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 618-1060
Mr. James Hicinbothom DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 23OCT02 |
| Title: | Real-Time Assessment of Student State |
| Abstract: | An Automated Real-Time Instructional State Adaptive Network (ARTISAN) is proposed as both an instrument for real-time assessment of student knowledge state and as an integrative framework for combining and employing a variety of student state assessment instruments. ARTISAN will provide a real-time assessment of each student's knowledge elements and their ability to employ that knowledge, both individually and in teams, during training. Those elements include: the student's situation awareness (SA), procedural knowledge needed to build and maintain SA, knowledge of appropriate responses/heuristics and their applicability to situations, and detailed knowledge of how to perform the job(s) for which each student is being trained. The ARTISAN assessment technology is derived from an innovative integration of state-of-the-art instructional agent technology, situation awareness and other knowledge assessment techniques, and a novel framework for modeling the impact of physiological and psychological state on students' learning and practice. A cognitive model of instructional expertise in the fields to be trained will serve several central functions in ARTISAN. The cognitive model will provide indicators of how situational factors and information uncertainties influence workload, SA, and expert performance. It will also generate estimates and projections of workload, stress, situation awareness, and attentional flow of the student. The proposed technological innovations brought together to create ARTISAN are very marketable for transition to the commercial sector, as well as many other potential uses by DoD and foreign military organizations. The innovative capabilities that ARTISAN will provide can be applied to a wide range of training settings and jobs, including jobs where individual competence also requires competence at being a good team member. Potential applications abound in operation and supervision of control systems, production systems, and many other work environments. Typical industries in which applications might be found include aviation, defense, chemical processing and production, power production and distribution, transportation of hazardous waste, and many others. |
| NEUROTEK, LLC D/B/A PEAK ACHIEVEMENT TRAINING
1103 Hollendale Way Goshen, KY 40026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(502) 228-0605
Dr. Jonathan Cowan DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 29OCT02 |
| Title: | The Peak Achievement Training Method for Assessing a Student's Concentration and Alertness |
| Abstract: | The Peak Achievement Trainer offers a real-time assessment of both concentration and alertness/arousal of the user derived by patented and trade secret algorithms from their EEG or electroencephalogram. These measurements can be adapted to provide very meaningful assessments of student state during any activity involving a computer, as described in Patent #5,983,129. NeuroTek seeks to develop a more portable, affordable, easy to use alternative to the present complete training system, which would be appropriate for both DOD use and further commercialization. The present generation of Peak Achievement Trainer equipment uses three salt-water sponge electrodes on the head, which are connected to a computer serial port via an electronic interface which we purchase from a third party. Advancing The Peak Achievement Trainer to this level will require further study of electrodes, their placement, EEG signal processing, and alternatives for transferring the EEG information into the computer. NeuroTek will build and test electrode alternatives, test amplifiers, and generate cost estimates of hard wired and wireless alternatives. In addition, we will do some initial pilot testing of humans interacting with the PC using the current trainer and develop a plan for more complete validation of the training model we will develop. The present Peak Achievement Trainer is a complete training package based on brainwave biofeedback (also known as EEG biofeedback or neurofeedback) methods developed and patented by NeuroTek's founder and CTO, Dr. Jonathan Cowan, the Principal Investigator of this project. The accuracy of the neurofeedback for concentration is a very significant improvement over previous efforts, due to the incorporation of information from the latest neuroimaging studies and Air Force/NASA research on peak-performing B2 bomber pilots. Over 90% of those who try the Trainer for the first time can recognize that the feedback (video and audio) accurately reflects their single-pointed concentration within the first three minutes. The Trainer is built around Dr. Cowan's synthesis of prior literature [] which demonstrates that many of the EEG rhythms (theta, alpha, beta and some delta) are actually indications that the underlying cortex is idling. In order to activate this part of the cortex, these rhythms are suppressed or inhibited by the patented InAll training protocol, thereby enhancing concentration. In essence, NeuroTek has created the first clearly accurate external interface between the human brain and a personal computer. We have recently improved upon it by adding two new measurements, Moderate Alertness and High Alertness, which respond to the varying degrees of arousal needed to create the effort to deal with challenges. The excellence of the Peak Achievement Trainer was recognized by The New York Times Magazine on June 11, 2000, when they included it in their special issue on new technology that would change our lives in the next decade, Tech 2010: A Catalogue of the Near Future. Based on their reporter's experience at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, they called the Trainer: "The Winner Within: The Coach Who Will Put You in the Zone." The circle of users of the Peak Achievement Trainer has been expanding rapidly. It now includes a Super Bowl Champion team, several Olympic Training Centers, many universities, and the IMG Academies in Bradenton, Florida, comprising the David Leadbetter Golf Academy, Bollettieri Tennis Academy, and six other sports training academies. For more information, please see www.peakachievement.com, which is incorporated by reference into this application. Direct relevance to military training is evidenced by the fact that the U.S. Military Academy Performance Enhancement Center at West Point has added the Peak Achievement Trainer to its Attention Control Training protocols. They have recommended the Trainer to other Army units, including the Army Marksmanship Unit; unfortunately, their order has been caught up in endless bureaucracy. A retired Army Psychologist who spent many years designing training for the Army, Dr. Raymond Waldkoetter, has written a letter of recommendation outlining the potential benefits to the military. Cognitive effort to learn new tasks or hone old skills requires focus and concentration. Measuring this cognitive effort through electroencephalogram (EEG) or brain wave patterns has been well documented. Many neuroimaging studies now indicate that the parts of the brain that the Trainer preferentially targets, the anterior cingulate and the overlying prefrontal cortex, are particularly important in new learning and behavioral inhibition. The brainwave data enables the user or others to evaluate their cognitive state. This graphically displayed state is a measure of their ability to focus on a task and respond to outside stimuli. This real time state could be used by training software to evaluate the receptivity of the student to new learning or measure their ability to respond in combat gaming. Integration of these concentration/alertness protocols into the training program itself leads to some intriguing possibilities--a program that is designed to optimize the user's concentration and alertness as he learns, or suggest a microbreak when it is necessary. A collaborative learning environment with multiple students in a networked environment is also possible, as are innovative combinations with video and visualizations. There are additional possibilities for enhancing the ability of many types of Armed Forces personnel to learn new material. It is common knowledge that a very significant percentage of recruits have problems in paying attention. Several studies of the older, less accurate neurofeedback approaches in populations with Attention Deficit Disorder indicate that they can enhance performance on standardized tests, including IQ; grades; as well as result in better behavior. These effects have been shown to be quite long lasting, if not permanent. There are many potential uses for this new technology outside of the military--athletics, fitness, corporate training, schools, and by individuals who are seeking peak performance. We have a detailed marketing plan, which will be summarized later in the proposal. |
| OPTIMETRICS, INC.
3115 Professional Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 973-1177
Dr. Brian T. Mitchell DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 23OCT02 |
| Title: | Real-Time Assessment of Student State |
| Abstract: | This project will produce a low-cost, high-performance, minimally invasive eyetracker. This instrument will be relatively inexpensive, easy to use, produce very precise data, and be minimally invasive. It will work on subjects that wear glasses or contact lenses, and will be supported on conventional PC platforms. It is intended for use in developing advanced training methods which use the cognitive insight provided from eye tracking to construct training methods and procedures that measure student performance and prescribe optimal training experience. It is also intended for use in systems that adapt to user workload and cognitive awareness. Phase I of this project will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach through extensive modeling and analysis of the system. Experiments will be performed to quantify these relationships and to demonstrate key concepts. The results of these experiments will be used to produce a formal design for the eyetracker. Phase II of this project will produce a fully developed prototype. Phase III will integrate the eyetracker into mainstream training products. The result of this project will significantly benefit both military and commercial applications. For the military it will enable the development of routine training techniques that use the cognitive glimpses provided through eye tracking to systematically and optimally provide training which assures cognitive readiness. In the commercial market it will support the development of products in such areas as advanced training, telemedicine, remote machine operation, and video teleconferencing. |
| TEKNOWLEDGE CORP.
1810 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 378-6001
Dr. Michelle Sams DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 25OCT02 |
| Title: | Real-Time Assessment of Student State |
| Abstract: | Our proposed Hybrid Tutor provides a real-time assessment of student state that is richer than current approaches. It includes performance-based measures of actions and choices during a realistic simulation, as well as knowledge-based measures of student plans and explanations. It includes latency and self-assessment measures that provide information for an affect model of certainty and confidence. A Bayesian analysis takes these various measures and forms a student state model consisting of knowledge, skills, and affect. The student state model is continually updated, and influences the tutor's strategies so that it customizes interactions and instruction to the individual student. The ITS will be developed so that the main components (student model, domain knowledge, and tutor strategies) are reusable for other tutoring applications. The ITS will be plug-compatible with existing PC-based simulations through the use of software connectors. This will allow the tutor opportunities to gather input from the student and provide feedback and explanations. Evaluation of student actions in the simulation is performed by ontological reasoning. This reasoning is supported by a domain knowledge representation, a domain specific knowledge base backed by a standard upper ontology. Thus the tutor has an expert level active knowledge of domain concepts, rules and solutions. We expect that the proposed approach will provide improved training effectiveness and cost reduction. Improved training effectiveness is due to a richer student state model, more customized tutorial interactions, and more realistic training in simulations. This improved training can act as an adjunct to existing CTCs by providing advance training before rotation, and allowing refresher training after rotation when skills might otherwise deteriorate. Cost reductions will be due to reusable ITS components and knowledge for a variety of tutoring systems and plug-in connectors to existing and future simulations, thus leveraging millions of dollars of development cost. |
| THE VIRTUAL REALITY MEDICAL CENTER
6160 Cornerstone Court East San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 642-0267
Dr. Mark Wiederhold DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 23OCT02 |
| Title: | Multi-Phased Student State Assessment Solution |
| Abstract: | As advanced technologies continue to provide advantages to the warfighter, there will be an increasing need for training programs that prepare individuals to effectively adopt, understand, and perform maximally with new technology systems. Working with DARPA, we plan to provide a simple-to-use, inexpensive training assessment protocol and physiological monitoring device, which will not only assess the effectiveness of the training program, but provide predictive and eventually corrective actions for task performance. This assessment method will eventually provide real-time feedback to the simulation system, so that as an individual progresses through the training program, their level of interest, attention, and engagement are maximized to produce the most beneficial result. The system proposed by VRMC will be transferrable to a variety of tasks, beyond warfighter training and into all types of training protocols. The future of "smart machines" that can adapt to the physiological responses of the user is in small, portable, non-invasive monitors such as we propose. |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
375 Van Ness Ave, Suite 1105 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 212-7808
Dr. Barnabas Takacs DARPA 02-030 Awarded: 12NOV02 |
| Title: | Extracting the Emotional and Attentive State of Students Using a Real-Time Visual Sensor |
| Abstract: | Waveband Corporation proposes to develop a low-cost camera-based active vision system combined with an MPEG-4 compatible facial tracking solution to extract and analyze a student's basic emotional state within the framework of established psychological principles. The system, called EmoCam (Emotion Camera) uses a web & communication camera platform as a convenient and readily available sensor on a multitude of training stations and processes the received visual information in real-time on a PC-based environment. In the computer-mediated training framework the EmoCam is being prototyped, emotional signals of a student are considered as aspects of response to the educational material. Unlike in other systems the student's internal state is represented with respect to the learning/cognitive process. The ability to extract such information in real-time is critical for a new generation of computer-based learning systems that can change their teaching behavior according to the student's internal state. Therefore the EmoCam once developed will serve as a basic interface between student and any computer-mediated training solution while establishing a highly personalized and adaptive learning environment. In addition to serving the interest of a computer-mediated teaching/training instrument, the EmoCam device will also fill other niches in the consumer market. This can be illustrated by the following examples: - Automotive and Airline Industry. The proposed system will be directly applicable to measuring the visual point of regard and alertness of drivers, commercial pilots, and flight controllers. - Human Machine Interface. The new device will open novel possibilities in human-machine interaction thus allowing users to be fully immersed in, and better concentrated on, the problems to be solved. - Video Conferencing. A Virtual Cameraman - based on the proposed technology - can be built that tracks and transmits images only of the head area, while allowing users to move freely in their work space. - Virtual reality. Virtual holographic displays could use a head/eye tracking system to control the viewpoint to a 3D object displayed on the screen. Such a system would find many applications in medical imaging, or in the advertisement industry. |
| ASEG, INC.
6867 NANCY RIDGE DR., SUITE A SAN DIEGO, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 550-0500
Dr. David Wright DARPA 02-031 Awarded: 25OCT02 |
| Title: | Ad Hoc Human Information Nets for Asymmetric Threat Surveillance |
| Abstract: | There are human assets with the potential to produce focused information in every area of interest to the intelligence and other communities. The current communication technologies stand ready to provide the backbone upon which ad-hoc, human intelligence networks can be built. The challenge is to produce an implementation that does not introduce new infrastructure and allows "lay" members to utilize only their current wireless devices and methods. ASEG is confident that by building on the vision of fuselets and habitats developed at DARPA and AFRL, a communication interface based on a component repository can address this challenge. By composing dynamically executable software that is re-configurable "on the fly" according to target's communication interfaces, and seeding it with the content of an analyst's intelligence requests, a server-side solution promoting maximum "lay" participation can be achieved. This capability will be readily embraced by many sectors: the marketing agencies to advertise promotions, the polling agencies to solicit spontaneous feedback on issues, law enforcement agencies to solve crimes and issue advisories, private industry to promote productivity without the major expense of private networks. This technology will enable public and private sectors to realize the goal of "communicating with anybody, any time, over any device." The INET communication capability will be readily embraced by many sectors including marketing agencies for advertising and promotions, polling agencies to solicit spontaneous feedback on issues and events. During Phase I ASEG will begin a multi-pronged initiative to achieve the following: 1. Pursuit of grants, angel, or venture capital. For example, ASEG has contacted the San Diego Software Industry Council about an upcoming VC technology presentation conference. 2. Work with other companies to build strategic relationships around INET including its existing relationships with I2 Inc. and Saffron Technologies. 3. Conduct a market survey as a first step in creating a a marketing plan |
| MAYA DESIGN
2100 Wharton Street, Suite 702 Pittsburgh, PA 15203 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 488-2900
Dr. Peter Lucas DARPA 02-031 Awarded: 17OCT02 |
| Title: | Ad Hoc Human Information Nets for Asymmetric Threat Surveillance |
| Abstract: | This proposal outlines a system that leverages the installed base of personal communications devices (cell phones, handhelds, two-way pagers) and adds a simple mechanism that lets people generate short structured reports of suspicious activity. We propose a method of supplying flexibly structured data objects ("u-forms") from the field by extending existing personal information systems to supply these objects. This enables the human intelligence network as well as other applications. U-forms facilitate machine-assisted analysis by providing a consistent information syntax. They support evolving information needs by being self-describing and schema-free. They can be generated in a distributed fashion without losing information consistency, but can be easily consolidated to support fusion into a single knowledge base. They are lightweight and independent of any particular hardware or software implementation, so they are applicable in a wide range of domains (including very small processor or bandwidth-limited devices). This project will result in a design and information architecture for an ad hoc human information network, as well as a small-scale prototype implementation demonstrating the feasibility of the approach. Such a network has immediate application in the detection and disruption of asymmetric threats, as well as numerous obvious commercial applications. One need only consider the popularity of existing personal communication systems (cell phones, SMS, instant messaging, email) to imagine possible commercial systems built on such a network. Such a network will also be useful in more traditional civil emergencies, providing, for instance, a way to implement highly effective natural disaster response coordination. |
| NIMKATHANA CORP.
655 W. Irving Park Rd. Suite 2 Chicago, IL 60613 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(773) 525-7426
Dr. George K. Thiruvathukal DARPA 02-031 Awarded: 23OCT02 |
| Title: | Ad Hoc Human Information Nets for Asymmetric Threat Surveillance |
| Abstract: | Ad Hoc Human Information Nets (hereafter Humint Nets), consisting of humans, mobile computing technology such as laptops and PDAs, and possibly disposable sensors, present a significant opportunity for conducting asymmetric threat surveillance. The PDA hardware is gaining in maturity, and the economies of scale are already well-established. Therefore, the ability to deploy Humint Nets on a large scale can be achieved from both economic and technological perspectives. While the economics and hardware to make Humint Nets work are both well-developed, the same cannot be said of the software on PDAs. In this proposal, we address the system software needs that must be addressed in order to make the vision of Humint Networks a realistic possibility. At the core of the proposal are four areas we will explore as part of a feasibility study: distributed micro-databases; distributed query processing and power optimization; distributed services; and managing ad hoc information with XML on small devices. To determine feasibility, some lightweight prototyping will be done in each of the four areas, toward the ultimate goal of producing a report and set of requirements for a more comprehensive product development effort. The availability of lightweight database implementations will be a major boon to application development on handhelds. Environments such as the Palm presently provide limited support for databases. The use of distributed computing techniques is in infancy on handhelds. For handheld computing to be taken seriously, intelligent network-aware software must become available, similar to the state of computing on desktop computers. The use of XML is becoming prevalent in desktop and server-side computing. Its adoption in the handheld space has been limited due to significant resource requirements. The exploration of lightweight techniques for XML processing will benefit application development across the board. We see potential to improve greatly the state of data synchronization and provide more flexible data modeling. The resounding theme of this project is the exploration of advanced computing techniques and an emphasis on lightweightness with the hope of building more powerful applications than notepads, address books, and calendars. |
| GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10605 Concord Street, #500 Kensington, MD 20895 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 962-6565
Dr. Jason Geng DARPA 02-032 Awarded: 22OCT02 |
| Title: | A Novel Single View Passive 3D Face Camera for 3D Face Image Acquisition and Facial Recognition |
| Abstract: | Due to the lack of low-cost 3D biometric imaging sensors and effective 3D facial recognition (FR) algorithms, almost all existing FR systems use 2D face images. The result is that they are inherently vulnerable to changes in pose, lighting and expression. Error rates for existing 2D FR systems in real-world applications are very high when forced to deal with large variations in pose, lighting and expression, as evidenced in the latest Facial Recognition Vendor Tests (FRVT). The primary objective of the SBIR effort proposed herein is to investigate the feasibility of a novel single view passive 3D facial camera. The proposed approach to 3D facial image acquisition eliminates the need of bulky and complex 3D imaging equipment, and simplifies the 3D facial image acquisition procedure. The resulting 3D face models have sufficient quality for tasks of pose/light/expression correction. Furthermore, the approach is coherently integrated with the 3D facial recognition mechanism. Single view acquisition of 3D facial images represents breakthrough technology with respect to ease of application within existing security infrastructures and the potential to significantly enhance face recognition performance. The ultimate goal of our research is to build 3D face camera hardware and software with embedded processing ability that is able to acquire real-time 3D face image in practical FR application scenario. The tragic events of 9/11 have triggered tremendous interest in security enhancements in both public and private sectors. An effective single view 3D face camera and 3D FR technology developed under this SBIR project will appeal to a wide range of security applications. Examples are briefly discussed here. In the public sector, this would include three applications: 1. The screening of individuals entering the country or applying for some kind of documentation (drivers license, student visa, etc.) where a security check is in order to make certain they are not on any kind of wanted or watch list. This would include the INS for border crossings and foreign entry points or the DOT for airport screening. 2. The confirmation of individual ID using biometric data encoded on a card. This would include such things as a drivers license, a hazardous materials handler card, or a preferred traveler pass. 3. The selection of authorized individuals desiring access to a secure environment. This would include everything from the US Senate Office Buildings to NSA top-secret buildings. In the private sector, there would be two primary uses. 1. The monitoring of sensitive installations such as power plants, chemical plants, or water treatment plants where the presence of suspected terrorists or wanted criminals would be of primary importance. This surveillance cameras could be used to match "one to many" to see if such individuals are visiting those locations or traveling nearby. 2. The confirmation of employees authorized to enter a particular building or room. This would be a biometric upgrade of the current card system in wide use among private employers, the major drawback of which is that it only confirms that the card is valid, not that the individual using the card is valid. Each of these markets is significant and measured in the hundreds of millions if not billions of dollars. The impact this technology could have on these markets is that we would vastly increase the probability of correctly identifying someone on a key watch or wanted list if they were observed by a surveillance camera hooked into the system. This is something that is just not achievable with today's technology. |
| GEOMETRIX, INC.
1590 The Alameda #200 San Jose, CA 95126 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 999-7497
Mr. Roman Waupotitsch DARPA 02-032 Awarded: 22OCT02 |
| Title: | Passive Imaging for Acquisition of Facial Shape (PIAFS) |
| Abstract: | The proposed research aims to extract 3D facial models for recognition applications using passive imaging sensors and computer vision techniques. We propose exploiting image pairs acquired simultaneously using a stereo camera rig, as well as short image sequences from single cameras. We currently provide commercial stereo products that perform well under cooperative, controlled enrollment conditions, and seek to extend the technique to dynamic illumination, longer ranges, and near-real-time performance for probe imaging. Using single-camera sequences, we have demonstrated initial 3D acquisition capability, and we now seek to achieve robustness and performance envelope improvements sufficient to support operation in realistic deployment scenarios. In Phase I of the proposed effort we seek to 1) implement initial robustness and processing time enhancements to support characterization work, 2) establish and archive a database of subjects acquired using both methods, 3) characterize baseline performance envelopes and accuracy compared to laser scanner data, 4) validate use of acquired 3D shapes in a 3D recognizer, and 5) document potential designs for Phase II development. The ultimate technical goal is to acquire facial shapes rapidly and robustly under realistic operational conditions and process them in 3D facial recognition systems that discriminate reliably despite varying pose and illumination. The proposed effort will develop enabling technology that should ultimately yield sensors capable of recognizing people in a manner similar to the way their friends do - extremely accurately, non-intrusively, and immediately. Such sensors could be used to control access to facilities, continuously monitor operator workstations, confirm identity at border crossings, match air travelers against wanted lists, and otherwise support a wide range of military operations, force protection, and homeland security applications. Revenue potential is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. |
| TYZX, INC.
241 Scotia Court Fremont, CA 94539 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 324-2066
Dr. John Woodfill DARPA 02-032 Awarded: 25OCT02 |
| Title: | Single View 3D Face Recognition Technology Development |
| Abstract: | We propose to use 3D stereo-based sensors to provide passive, fast, compact, 3D capture of the human face. During Phase 1 we investigate the feasibility and performance of this method with an experimental capture rig for cooperative subjects. The device consists of one to three pre-calibrated stereo camera heads installed in a compact rig, about the size of a briefcase. Depth sensing will be performed by the Tyzx DeepSea stereo-vision ASIC. Depth sensing results will be merged into a3D model for validation against reference objects. These results will be used to specify a deployable stand-alone, single view sensor unit with small footprint, low power, capable of providing real time results. We will also investigate the utility of using this system to capture 3D image sequences which can be of value to recognizers and include this data with a 3D image database acquired with the capture rig. In Phase 2, the standalone unit will be constructed and evaluated under a wider set of operating conditions. Face recognition and identification capabilities are severely limited by variations in pose. Emerging research indicates that using special techniques combined with 3D data of subjects may significantly enhance face recognition performance. Contemporary 3D facial image acquisition, however, is cumbersome and time consuming, requiring multiple sensors, complex apparatus, and cooperative subjects. Frequently, these techniques make use of active sensors (laser scanning or structured light) which is objectionable to subjects. These factors render the collection and use of such imagery unsuitable for most military and civilian real-world applications which require a low cost, compact, self-contained sensor unit with minimal or no setup process. The ability to use a single sensor unit to take a 3D "snap-shot" of the face represents a breakthrough with respect to ease of application within existing security infrastructures and the opportunity to significantly enhance face recognition performance. With inexpensive acquisition of 3D data available, recognizer performance will be enhanced and 3D enrollment and recognition systems will become used in port of entry applications, access control, customer relationship management and potentially for credit and bank cards. |
| IMAGECORP, INC.
6411 Ivy Lane #106 Greenbelt, MD 20770 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 220-2123
Dr. Qinfen Zheng DARPA 02-033 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Personnel and Vehicular Monitoring and Tracking at a Distance |
| Abstract: | Autonomous monitoring of human and vehicle activities in a wide area is very important for military and civilian applications. Using distributed sensors, one can generate 3D information and enable reliable monitoring of human and vehicle movements over a wide area in dynamic environments. Critical issues to be addressed for the design and development of a distributed sensor based monitoring system include: cross sensor self-calibration, long range target detection and tracking, target 3D feature extraction, and 3D information based human/vehicle tracking and verification. In this project, we will develop a PC system that uses a proprietary temporal/spatial variance analysis for high accuracy moving target detection at a distance, an efficient template matching technique for moving target tracking and cross platform/sensor object matching, a novel 3D motion trajectory analysis based cross sensor self-calibration, sensor fusion techniques for reliable human and vehicle detection and tracking, and techniques for 3D articulation-robust human tracking and verification. In Phase I, we will evaluate the usefulness of these algorithms for wide area personnel and vehicular monitoring and tracking, and develop a prototype design of the monitoring system. In Phase II, we will build a PC based prototype monitoring system and perform extensive real scenario tests. The primary military applications for the proposed work are for long range wide area monitoring to support early warning, force and sensitive area protection. Civilian applications include airport security monitoring, 24/7 facility protection, and bank and home security systems. |
| TYZX, INC.
241 Scotia Court Fremont, CA 94539 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 947-0717
Dr. Gaile Gordon DARPA 02-033 Awarded: 25OCT02 |
| Title: | Personnel and Vehicular Monitoring and Tracking at a Distance |
| Abstract: | We propose a robust tracking and monitoring system based on a high frame rate, stereo vision 3D sensor combined with color video data. The envisioned system is capable of detecting people or vehicles moving in a large facility - indoors or outdoors, and keeping track of each target individually in real time as they pass from one monitored view to another despite crowds, partial occlusions or lighting changes. A prototype tracking system will be demonstrated, extended and evaluated for performance using existing high-performance stereo correspondence hardware. The envisioned system will be structured to serve as a platform for acquiring 3D data to be integrated with other biometric methods for identification and threat classification. Finally, issues regarding practical field use such as cost, installation and maintenance will be identified and addressed. The Department of Defense (DoD) is at a heightened state of awareness since the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Military and civilian facilities need technology that will help them monitor and track potential terrorists before an attack takes place. Existing identification technology and security systems, based on single image sensors or basic motion sensors, are not sufficient to fulfill this need because they are not robust with respect to real world environments. 3D technology though recognized as a invaluable tool for surveillance tracking and identification has been too slow, expensive and cumbersome to incorporate into commercially practical security systems. The results of this SBIR topic will enable practical security systems using this critical 3D modality. When completed, the result will be an entirely new paradigm for visual surveillance cameras and capabilities - away from simple video capture and towards security automation, real time threat analysis and intelligence gathering. |
| 21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
11675 Jollyville Road, Suite 300 Austin, TX 78759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 342-0010
Dr. Sherry Marcus DARPA 02-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Scalable Heterogeneous Social Network Analysis |
| Abstract: | 21st Century Technologies and Mr. Valdis Krebs, a social network expert , will (1) combine multiple social network patterns to provide visibility and situational awareness of anomalous and potentially terrorist behaviors (2) implement these combined patterns into an social network pattern library and (3) integrate the library into TMODS. 21st Century Technologies', TMODS, (Terrorist Modus Operandi Detection System) ,currently being developed for DARPA under the EELD program, shall be used as a framework for the development of the library. The integrated social network pattern library shall be an add-on capability to TMODS. This approach provides intelligence analysts, who may not have social network or other types of expertise, the capability to identify threats based on a robust library of integrated social network pattern data. The integrated social network library can be easily integrated into the DARPA Total Information Awareness infrastructure using TMODS as a platform. Commercial applications are in computer security and pricing of financial instruments |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Connie G. Fournelle DARPA 02-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | INSIGHT: Interpreting Network Structures to Obtain Intelligence on Groups of Hidden Terrorists |
| Abstract: | Detecting and disrupting a terrorist network requires the ability to: link disparate (noisy, deceptive) data and recognize patterns in the underlying networks, estimate where further intelligence would be useful, and predict the network's response to possible attacks. We propose to combine state-of-the-art social network analysis (meta-networks) and statistical inferencing (probabilistic relational models) techniques to develop mathematical models for characterizing terrorist organizations, and implement those models in a software tool that can be used to detect terrorist organizations and analyze their structural vulnerabilities. Meta-networks capture the connections between people, skills, events, and locations, and generate more effective representations of organizations than do traditional person-to-person social networks. PRMs capture the variability and uncertainty in these connections in a compact representation and provide efficient inferencing mechanisms. By combining both, we can represent varied terrorist organization structures and facilitate updates and modifications to those structures, while maintaining the level of detail needed for accurate detection/exploitation. In Phase I we will develop and demonstrate models and software to characterize terrorist networks, and evaluate their sensitivity to varying levels of data quality and completeness. Phase II will extend the models and software, to detect terrorist organizations and perform exploitable structure analysis for disrupting terrorist networks. Benefits of this effort include increased utilization of intelligence data, earlier detection of terrorist organizations, and decision support tools to support efforts to disrupt terrorist networks. Tools from this effort will also support structural characterization and exploitation for other domains, such as criminal investigation, corporate structure analysis, and diplomatic assessment. |
| ORION'S BELT, INC.
P.O. Box 90, 116 Ford Rd. Sudbury, MA 01776 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 276-0410
Mr. John McGeachie DARPA 02-034 Awarded: 11DEC02 |
| Title: | Scalable Heterogeneous Social Network Analysis |
| Abstract: | Driven by the nature of terrorist groups, the objective of this project is to develop robust and scalable algorithms and associated data structures for the analysis of complex social networks consisting of large numbers of individuals affiliated with multiple, overlapping, structured organizations and linked by multiple types of interactions. Orion's Belt has already developed technology that successfully applies elements of social network analysis (SNA) to a database comprised of over 100,000 people and 30,000 organizations. In Phase I, we will extend this technology by developing new algorithms and data structures related to: . Management of hierarchical entities (multi-level organizations, morphing) . Recognition of special nodes (bridgers and connectors) . Computation of network metrics (connectivity, strength, density, centrality) . Mechanisms for accommodating time (time-stamps for networks, changes over time) In Phase II, we will develop a full-functionality prototype implementing these new capabilities into our software package, and will add new functionality such as enhanced visualization. Greatly enhanced features and value for current and potential customers. Improved effectiveness and efficiency for users. Significant advances in several key areas of social network analysis and other potential applications. |
| AXIMETRIC, INC.
1763 Prairie View Ln Oviedo, FL 32765 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 277-3724
Dr. Guru Prasad DARPA 02-035 Awarded: 09OCT02 |
| Title: | High Efficiency, Scalable, Parallel Processing Approaches for Multi-Sensor Data Fusion |