| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. John Shaw MDA 02-017 Awarded: 24DEC02 |
| Title: | Agile Engagement Planning: Integrating Decision Graphs with Stochastic Dynamic Programming Solvers |
| Abstract: | Missile Defense Engagement Planning systems are highly automated. It is the system developers, not the commanders of those systems, who are formulating the engagement planning problem and thereby deciding how engagements will be planned and executed. In the history of warfare system developers have never trumped commanders in deciding how a system will carry out orders, and this reversal of affairs for Missile Defense gives rise to two problems that are apparent today. First, commanders invariably discover that they do not actually command the system, and they demand work-around options in response. This is euphemistically called `management by exception', but it is simply a patchwork of ad-hoc controls to get the system to do what users want. Second, Engagement Planning systems are hard-coded to the specific defense architectures that their developers had in mind, and they require extensive overhauls when those architectures change. The breakthrough we require is an Engagement Planning system where commanders can formulate Engagement Planning problems at will and align them with their concept of operations. We call this Agile Engagement Planning. Our innovation blends the agile problem formulation capabilities of Decision Graphs with the computational efficiency of Stochastic Dynamic Programming solvers. Our innovation has the potential to dramatically improve human-in-control direction of Missile Defense engagements. On the one hand, system developers will continue to determine how the constituent elements of a Missile Defense system should work (as they should), but they will no longer determine how missile defense engagements should be planned and executed. That authority will now reside (as it should) with the Missile Defense Commanders who, after all, bear the responsibility for defending assets from missile attack. |
| C & P TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
317 Harrington Avenue, Suites 9 & 10 Closter, NJ 07624 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(201) 768-4448
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Pillai MDA 02-017 Awarded: 21JAN03 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | A new method for classification, identification and discrimination of warhead versus decoy based on combined transmit waveforms and radar receiver design is proposed as part of the Phase-I effort. Fully geared for software implementation, this new methodology is based on jointly optimizing transmit waveform and receiver filter for automatic target recognition and identification of multiple targets. The proposed technique is applied and illustrated for a three as well as a four target problem. The resulting probability of correct classification is significantly better than that achieved by a conventional chirp or any other waveform. As part of the Phase-I effort an implementable prototype MATLAB package for missile identification and better classification using the proposed approach for MDA personal use will be developed and delivered. The transmitter-receiver waveform pairs proposed here are optimal in the sense that 'no other' pair generates a greater target separation in the received signal subspace for better target classification. Phase I efforts will concentrate on quantifying the improvement in performance by the proposed methods and will be supported by analytical study as well as simulation results. A wide range of wireless communication systems may benefit from optimal trans-receiver design, including high-mobility cellular systems, low-mobility short-range systems, wireless local loop applications, satellite communications, and wireless LAN. By employing the optimal trans-receiver design along with an array of sensors, it is possible to multiplex channels in the spatial dimension just as in the frequency and time dimensions. The optimal trans-receiver design technology proposed here can significantly improve wireless system performance and economics for a range of potential users. It enables operators of PCS, cellular, and wireless local loop (WLL) networks to realize significant increases in signal quality, capacity, and coverage. Operators often require different combinations of these advantages at different times. As a result, those systems offering the most flexibility in terms of configuration and upgradeability are often the most cost-effective long-term solutions. The flexibility of optimal Tx-Rx technology allows for the creation of new value-added products and services that give operators a significant competitive advantage. |
| CARDINAL SYSTEMS & ANALYSIS, INC.
4000 Cathedral Ave, NW, Suite 121B Washington, DC 20016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 257-0690
Dr. C. Tucker Battle MDA 02-017 Awarded: 02JAN03 |
| Title: | A Framework for an Optimal and Adaptive BMDS Firing Doctrine |
| Abstract: | The BMD program has been redirected to develop fully integrated, layered defenses capable of defending against all ranges of threats. A critical aspect of this development is an integrated firing doctrine; i.e., that part of the battle management system that allocates interceptors to attackers across all the layers. Optimal firing doctrine is a function of both offense and defense capabilities. Therefore, optimization is potentially an important feature of evolutionary, capabilities-based defenses. The overall objective of the proposed research is to develop a framework for an optimal and adaptive BMDS firing doctrine. The framework is based on an adaptive structure in which the defense starts with a set of planning assumptions and then, as the attack unfolds, real-time estimates of system parameters are used to determine the allocation to the known attackers and planning assumptions are updated to determine the reserve for possible future attackers. Implementation is by an innovative combination of non-linear resource allocation techniques, Bayesian analysis, and decision theory. Phase I will focus on a preliminary definition of that part of the framework associated with the coordination of firing doctrine across the boost and midcourse layers. An optimal and adaptive firing doctrine is required for evolving, capability based defenses. The anticipated results will set the stage for detailed development at the overall BMDS level as well as at the segment and component system level. In addition, there will be commercialization opportunities associated with system operations (e.g., simulations for training and exercises). |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
714 Bond Ave. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 898-1060
Dr. John Langan MDA 02-017 Awarded: 18DEC02 |
| Title: | Boost Phase Guidance and Control Using Motion Energy |
| Abstract: | During Phase I, Computational Sensors Corporation (CSC) will develop algorithms for estimat-ing boost-phase target characteristics using motion energy analysis of the target plume. Boost phase intercepts have an extremely compressed time line. Guidance and control systems must react to target maneuvers swiftly and accurately. Current systems can only react to deviations from the target track after the target has maneuvered. In this project, CSC proposes using a mo-tion energy analysis of the target plume to enhance guidance and control. Parts of the plume change during target maneuvers, before the target has had time to significantly deviate from its previous trajectory. By estimating target characteristics from the plume motion energy, there exists the potential for increasing the interceptor's responsiveness to maneuvers. CSC will de-velop new motion energy-based algorithms to detect target maneuvers and anticipate changes in the target track. A motion energy approach leverages the natural ability of existing massively parallel analog hardware to perform computationally intensive image processing tasks in real-time. Limited hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing will be conducted throughout Phase I. In Phase II, we plan to fully implement the most promising algorithms and perform complete HWIL testing at missile system test beds, such as the KHILS facility. Target analysis capabilities using nonlinear motion energy image processing techniques integrated in analog image processors are ideally suited for compact, low power, military imaging applications. The company's primary goal is to move this core technology into the military market with products using this technology initially being sold for missile defense applications. Analog image processing technology may also be applicable in many other commercial areas includ-ing automatic inspection, biometric identification, security, surveillance, and other machine vision applications. To date, non-linear motion energy image processing technology using Tin Film Analog Image Processor (TAIP) chip technology developed under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract in conjunction with temporal filtering capability developed under ARMY Space & Missile Defense Command (ARMY-SMDC) contract has demonstrated significant utility in detection, track-before-detect capability when coupled with dynamic programming, and discrimina-tion of low flying missile targets in moving background clutter. CSC is fulfilling current DARPA and ARMY-SMDC sponsored contracts while aggressively pursuing potential commercial opportunities for analog VLSI image processing applications. The unique and powerful capability to perform mas-sive convolution functions in real-time, in a small package and with low power requirements will en-able a new generation of intelligent systems not previously considered vi-able by system and product designers systems for performing sophisticated imaging tasks including automatic target recognition, target tracking, feature extraction, 3D reconstruction, image classification, and image understanding are critical for the building of compact, low powered deployable missile defense systems. |
| ENERGID TECHNOLOGIES
258 Belmont St Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 924-6735
Dr. James English MDA 02-017 Awarded: 18DEC02 |
| Title: | Advanced Tracking through Remote Supervision |
| Abstract: | Target recognition and tracking requires the solution of several hard problems. A target signature must be identified in sensor data, this data must be associated with prior information on the target, and the association must be used to gain understanding of the target. In the presence of countermeasures and clutter, each of these components is computationally onerous even when using suboptimal algorithms. To improve tracking, our approach offloads computationally expensive decisions to remote supervisors. These supervisors could be large terrestrial computers or humans. Our primary focus is on the latter. The goal is to compensate for the shortcomings in fielded hardware by incorporating human intelligence into the tracking process. We will use a new certainty-based scoring mechanism, model-based tracking, and a new method to propagate supervisory information through the track tree. To support these algorithmic techniques, we will also create a software architecture for data selection, data transfer, data presentation, and feedback capture. For fail safety, the system we propose will always be able to continue operation without remote assistance. Energid will extend the software components developed under this effort into a commercial software toolkit. Though the newly developed source code will be provided to the DoD, other potential customers will purchase the toolkit as software libraries and header files. By linking these libraries into their code, developers will have full access to all the capability provided by the toolkit. This toolkit will have application to many military domains. However, we envision additional application for networked robotic systems, where supervisors can be widely distributed and communicate over the Internet. Our commercial vision for this project is to use the toolkit to transition algorithms developed for target tracking and sensing to the terrestrial domain, with application to entertainment, manufacturing, and agriculture. |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT, INC.
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 725-1112
Dr. Shozo Mori MDA 02-017 Awarded: 14JAN03 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | Information Extraction & Transport (IET), Inc., proposes a new approach to multiple-object tracking and discrimination: Hybrid Stochastic Clustering (HSC) for ballistic missile defense (BMD) exo- and endo-atmospheric object tracking and discrimination in high object density, time-varying sensor resolution, and object spawning environments. The hybrid stochastic clustering concept is a direct extension of the clustering method on which Reid's multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithm is based, and was developed as part of the Project Hercules FY01 efforts. As an MDA Phase I SBIR effort, we propose to conduct feasibility studies and concept-proving demonstrations using prototype software. A stochastic cluster is an a posteriori independent component of a probability distribution of the finite random set of the states of the objects being tracked. A stochastic clustering method maintains the probability distribution in terms of as many clusters as possible so that the overall efficiency of computation resource usage is maximized. We propose a distributed hybrid stochastic clustering approach using a different tracking and discrimination algorithm for each stochastic cluster based on its complexity. The set of applicable algorithms includes multiple hypothesis tracking, Janossy density function (JDF), and Poisson point process approximation (P3A) algorithms, all based on the theory of random finite sets. The result of this Phase I effort will be a Hybrid Stochastic Clustering (HSC) algorithm architecture that provides very effective and robust BMD object tracking and discrimination methods. Moreover, the proposed HSC algorithm architecture is capable of integrating any desirable tracking and discrimination algorithm, established or newly developed, as its component. The resulting technology will be applicable to markets that deal with large-scale diagnostics in uncertain environments (e.g., aircraft maintenance, remote facilities management, factory maintenance, and real-time component monitoring), object recognition tasks in uncertain environments (e.g., data fusion, entity discrimination, and site monitoring), and event predictions in complex and uncertain environments (e.g., identification of potential terrorist events and control of system inputs). |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT, INC.
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-3500
Dr. Suzanne Mahoney MDA 02-017 Awarded: 14JAN03 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Decision Architecture (DA) supports algorithm research and development by providing an environment to simulate future threat behavior in response to deployed BMD systems. These excursionary analyses are critical to achieving a tolerable leak rate for deployed national and theater defense systems because emerging long-range ballistic missile powers are not utilizing robust test programs to insure threat system accuracy and reliability, and thus timely intelligence of potential enemy capabilities cannot always be expected to inform key architectural decisions. Thus, MDA faces a highly uncertain future countermeasures environment. No amount of "live fire" tests can anticipate and evaluate such a large and uncertain counter-measure space. For this Phase I effort, Information Extraction and Transport, Inc. (IET) proposes to develop a dual wave/particle filter (DW/PF) algorithm for the DA. As in a particle filter, we begin with a sample of a large number of "particles." The dual wave/particle algorithm operates in a manner analogous to quantum systems, in which epochs of deterministic evolution according to a unitary transformation are punctuated by probabilistic "collapses" in which the system makes "quantum jumps" according to a probabilistic transition rule. IET proposes using such an algorithm to support efficient and effective inference for dynamic Bayesian network generated within the DA environment. The result of this Phase I effort will be a dual wave/particle filter algorithm to support the optimization of dynamic BN generation in the Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Decision Architecture (DA). The resulting technology will be applicable to markets that deal with large-scale diagnostics in uncertain environments (e.g., aircraft maintenance, remote facilities management, factory maintenance, and real-time component monitoring), object recognition tasks in uncertain environments (e.g., data fusion, entity discrimination, and site monitoring), and event predictions in complex and uncertain environments (e.g., identification of potential terrorist events and control of system inputs). |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT, INC.
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-3500
Dr. Suzanne Mahoney MDA 02-017 Awarded: 14JAN03 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Decision Architecture (DA) supports algorithm research and development by providing an environment to simulate future threat behavior in response to deployed BMD systems. These excursionary analyses are critical to achieving a tolerable leak rate for deployed national and theater defense systems because emerging long-range ballistic missile powers are not utilizing robust test programs to insure threat system accuracy and reliability, and thus timely intelligence of potential enemy capabilities cannot always be expected to inform key architectural decisions. Thus, MDA faces a highly uncertain future countermeasures environment. No amount of "live fire" tests can anticipate and evaluate such a large and uncertain counter-measure space. For this Phase I effort, Information Extraction and Transport, Inc. (IET) proposes to develop a Learned Mixture Approximation (LMA) algorithm for the DA. The proposed LMA algorithm would approximate the original Bayesian network with a small set of tractable approximate networks using the population Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. IET proposes using such an algorithm to support efficient and effective inference for dynamic Bayesian Network generated within the DA environment. The result of this Phase I effort will be Learned Mixture Approximation (LMA) algorithm to support the optimization of dynamic BN generation in the Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Decision Architecture (DA). The resulting technology will be applicable to markets that deal with large-scale diagnostics in uncertain environments (e.g., aircraft maintenance, remote facilities management, factory maintenance, and real-time component monitoring), object recognition tasks in uncertain environments (e.g., data fusion, entity discrimination, and site monitoring), and event predictions in complex and uncertain environments (e.g., identification of potential terrorist events and control of system inputs). |
| NUMERICA CORP.
PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 419-8343
Dr. Aubrey Poore MDA 02-017 Awarded: 28JAN03 |
| Title: | Multiple Sensor Tracking for SBIRS Low in Cooperation with Signal Processing |
| Abstract: | Tracking midcourse objects for SBIRS Low is a truly significant and difficult scientific problem that must be solved to provide a consistent set of tracks to discrimination. For the space based IR sensors, the resolution is limited due to the geometry and distance from the satellite to the targets. Viewed on the focal plane for a single IR sensor, the threats appear to transition from an unresolved phase involving pixel clusters into a mostly resolved phase through a possibly long partially unresolved phase. What is more, threats can appear in different resolution phases at the same time for different sensors. These resolution problems make multi-sensor tracking most difficult. A key observation in the proposed solution is that what may appear to be a large cluster from one sensor's view may be multiple resolved objects or small clusters from another's sensor's view. Thus, the proposed approach to supplying discrimination with a set of tracks consisting of resolved objects or small clusters is to use the fusion node information to assist signal processing with breaking larger clusters into a number of smaller clusters or resolved objects consistent with the need of multi-sensor tracking. State-of-the-art multi-sensor missile tracking system for SBIRS-Low and other IR tracking systems. Advance methodologies to integrate tracking and signal processing to improve overall performance of developed missile defense systems. High potential to modernize the tracking system used on SBIRS Low satellites. |
| RYAN ASSOC., INC.
2 Blackburn Center Gloucester, MA 01930 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 283-3144
Mr. Richard L. Ryan MDA 02-017 Awarded: 11JAN03 |
| Title: | MSSS/GBR-P EO/Radar Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | The technical objectives of Phase I are to: (1) demonstrate potential EKV TOM (Target Object Map) metric and IR/visible discriminants available from simultaneously collected multi-spectral data, and (2) demonstrate the feasibility of improving TOM metric and discrimination algorithm performance attributable to the simultaneous collection of GBR-P and AMOS AEOS IR and visible observations. Ryan Associates proposes to use simulated IFT-8 target complex IR observations in combination with actual GBR-P collected data to demonstrate potential metric improvements to the TOM, as well as improvements in IR discriminants in the EKV sensor bands. We are doing this by using the Ryan Associates SIMTAS (Space-based Infrared Missile Track Analysis Software) tool to combine the metric observations potentially available from the two sensors. We propose to use our EROS (Emitted and Reflected Optical Signatures) tool to simulate the IFT-8 target complex signature histories available during the data overlap period to provide in-band thermal features potentially available to the EKV sensor during intercept homing. We anticipate that the combined EO angle information and the radar range information will provide improved metric position data in the EKV TOMs, that the LWIR signature and feature data provided by the EO sensor will assist discrimination when integrated with the GBR-P data, and that the end user of the modified SIMTAS software, data fusion algorithms and techniques will be the full range of system/kill vehicle suppliers, and government agencies involved in all phases of U.S. and foreign missile defense. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. R.K.Mehra/Adel El-Fallah MDA 02-017 Awarded: 03FEB03 |
| Title: | Unified Bayesian Multisensor-Multitarget Sensor Management for BMD |
| Abstract: | Multisensor-multitarget sensor management presents a major theoretical and practical challenge for ballistic missile detection, tracking, and discrimination. A common approach is to assemble a patchwork of heuristic "bottom up'' techniques---e.g., loosely integrating many distinct algorithms, each of which addresses some specific part of the problem (detection, tracking, sensor cueing, allocating and scheduling sensor dwells, allocating and scheduling platform flight paths, etc.). Scientific Systems Co., Inc. (SSCI) and its subcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems (LMTS) believe that a theoretically rigorous approach to multisensor-multitarget sensor management for ballistic missile defense is now feasible. Sensor management is inherently a problem in nonlinear adaptive control theory in which the observations, the data sources being controlled, and the targets being tracked by the control process are all randomly-varying multi-object systems. We use a Bayesian approach, meaning in particular that any control-theoretic objective function must be some statistical moment of the time-evolving multitarget posterior distribution. We propose the use of these objective functions in conjunction with Multi-Hypothesis Correlator (MHC) algorithms, in which case they become potentially computationally tractable. Detection and tracking are some of the key technologies for global surveillance, precision strike, air superiority and defense, which are three of the seven science and technology thrust areas identified by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. The current limitations are due to poor understanding of how to model, fuse, and filter data from multiple sources. The proposed R&D addresses all of these problems. |
| SHARPE ENGINEERING, INC.
3 Copper Lane, PO Box 5310 Mt Crested Butte, CO 81225 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 349-0442
Mr. Jim Sharpe MDA 02-017 Awarded: 13DEC02 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | Traditional software processing techniques can quite adequately address problems where the input data is accurate, and there is only one possible result for each situation. However, there are numerous problems related to missile defense that do not map easily to these traditional techniques. Individual AI technologies, such as expert systems, are most effective when sufficient knowledge is initially available and can be effective at high-level reasoning and explaining their results. Conversely, neural networks can be very effective at low-level reasoning and dealing with learned information, but are weak at explaining their results. A hybrid system approach, which combines a high-level reasoning capability with low-level techniques, can operate input data that would not be suitable for these technologies if used in isolation. Although existing techniques can sufficiently address small parts of the overall problem space, substantial value can be provided by a cohesive system that can effectively reason about the entire problem space from low-level sensor data scrubbing, through mid-level classification, and high-level decision support. A system that is capable of not only addressing one kind of problem, but that can additionally adapt how it solves the problem to produce an optimal response would be a significant advance over existing systems. An integrated system capable of applying multiple levels of reasoning technologies and techniques to complex problems could be applied to many challenging situations where current techniques are only effective against parts of the problem. It's ability to deal with uncertain or ambiguous input data while still being able to apply higher forms of intelligent analysis would be valuable for multiple defense related systems. Additionally, it could be applied in commercial applications such as industrial process and operational monitoring and control, man machine interfaces, battle management systems, mining and mineral exploration, medical monitoring and financial analysis and fraud detection. |
| TESLA LABORATORIES, INC.
3524 S Street NW Washington, DC 20007 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(414) 807-0006
Dr. George Stejic MDA 02-017 Awarded: 16DEC02 |
| Title: | Development Of An Advanced Weapons Simulation Computer Model |
| Abstract: | This proposal will develop a new computer model to predict the effects of alternative interception strategies under consideration for incorporation into the emerging weapon systems tasked to neutralize enemy threat clouds in the event of a hostile missile attack. Traditional U.S. countermeasures focus on hit-to-kill methodology as a result of treaty limitations. The hit-to-kill approach requires extreme precision coupled with flawless target discrimination and thus presents an extreme technical challenge subject to defeat through relatively low-tech countermeasures. However, recent geopolitical shifts have prompted the U.S to extradite its self from these restrictions. This will allow exploration of a wider range of defenses. The proposed program to be developed will model interactions between candidate new defenses and threat clouds in trial scenarios in a manner analogous to the presently employed PEELS (Parametric Endo/Exo Atmospheric Lethality Simulation) program used for 2-body hit-to-kill simulations. The program will be anchored to presently utilized simulation programs so as to provide seamless defensive strategy development. This will allow rapid screening and development of potential alternative defenses and deployment tactics not covered by existing simulations models such as PEELS, KIDD, and PEGEM to enhance National security. The objective of this proposal is to develop a computer model, called the Volume-Engaging Weapons Simulation (VEWS). This model will predict the effects of alternative interception strategies under consideration for incorporation into the emerging Volume-Engaging (VE) weapon systems tasked to neutralize enemy threat clouds in the event of a small/moderate scale hostile missile attack. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Dr. Craig S. Agate MDA 02-017 Awarded: 22JAN03 |
| Title: | Particle Filtering for the Joint Tracking and Identification of Objects |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a system to track and identify ballistic objects. The system will use radar measurements containing kinematic information (e.g., range, range rate, azimuth) as well as feature information (e.g., HRR profiles, RCS, electrical length). We propose to develop a particle filtering algorithm which directly estimates the joint PDF of an object's state and class type given a scan of radar measurements. The particle filter has many benefits including the ability to handle nonlinear measurement and dynamic models, non-Gaussian statistics, a mixed continuous/discrete state and constrained dynamic problems. The particle filter's unique attributes allow the maximum extraction of information from the sensor measurements and transfer of information across the different phases of the missile trajectory. The short time frame for a successful missile engagement demands that an algorithm fully utilize all available sensor measurements to locate and identify potential threats. The particle filter has the potential to achieve this goal. We will implement our algorithm in Phase I and demonstrate its performance in non-real-time operation on a simple problem of interest to the MDA. We will investigate the possibility for real-time operation in Phase II. The successful completion of this research will provide the Missile Defense Agency with a system capable of tracking and identifying ballistic objects using high-resolution radar measurements. Applicable to any problems in which locating and identifying objects is important, this technology could, for example, be used to track and identify vessels in the littoral environment for counter-drug operations. |
| XONTECH, INC.
6862 Hayvenhurst Avenue Van Nuys, CA 91406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 947-3208
Dr. Alan Marcus MDA 02-017 Awarded: 20DEC02 |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithm Development |
| Abstract: | XonTech, Inc. proposes to conduct a SBIR Phase I program to determine the effectiveness of XonTech's Bayesian Detection Processing (BDP) algorithms in improving missile detection and tracking performance. BDP is a method for enhancing signals that are too weak to be used by a conventional tracker (ones that are below the detection threshold), due to either low radar cross-section (RCS) or obscuration by noise. We show that BDP has been applied with success by XonTech to detect a low-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) aircraft in ground clutter about 5 dB below the first threshold normally employed in UHF radar data. In this Phase I program, we propose to demonstrate that BDP achieves enhanced missile detectability over conventional processing techniques, using data cases of interest to the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program. Specifically, we will demonstrate and quantify BDP's increased detection capability in one or more of the following configurations: at greater range than current techniques, during passage behind rain clouds, and to enable simultaneous detections of low RCS base and tip returns from the Re-entry Vehicle (RV) to aid in length estimates. Successful implementation of BDP tracking in BMD systems could provide major improvements in detection performance and in overall system effectiveness. As stated in the abstract, the potential benefit of employing BDP in BMD systems is that it could provide major improvements in detection performance and overall system effectiveness. In addition, we surmise that the BDP algorithms can be adapted for a wide variety of Defense programs that require an enhanced detection capability to meet their objectives. |
| XONTECH, INC.
6862 Hayvenhurst Avenue Van Nuys, CA 91406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 229-9500
Mr. Doug Burgess MDA 02-017 Awarded: 09JAN03 |
| Title: | Sensor Resource Mgmt Using a Genetic Algorithm Appoarch |
| Abstract: | Missile defense is moving toward a 'system of systems' approach, and the level of autonomy within individual sensing components becomes more challenging. The battle management segment must manage the available sensor resources for engagement planning and utilization of interceptor inventories. Battle management tasking is more goal-oriented forcing the sensors to determine the best approach for meeting mission goals. A sophisticated sensor management processing scheme, which performs high-level intelligent resource scheduling based on genetic algorithms (GA) is proposed. The sensor management process determines a viable solution for scheduling resources, including specifying parameters for the sensor activities of surveillance, search, track, and discrimination. These activities are scheduled in accordance within the sensor constraints and limits. The GA is a population-based model using selection and recombination operators to generate new sample points. The GA challenge is generating an encoding scheme that represents the possible scheduling solutions into the chromosome-like structures, and utilizing the recombining and mutating operators. This project proposes developing the encoding scheme representing the scheduling solution typified by a sensor performing the fire-control functionality needed for defending against ICBM threats. Future efforts will generalize the approach for other assets such as overhead surveillance and seeker sensors. The key benefits from this technology are the introduction of artificial intelligence techniques into sophisticated sensor and battle management systems. The management of resources challenge and application of this technology extends beyond missile defense and into a host of other areas such as aviation terminal surveillance and satellite resource allocation. |
| ATHENA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1068
Dr. Ben Motazed MDA 02-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low-Cost Miniature Flight Control System |
| Abstract: | Athena Technologies, Incorporated (Athena) proposes to develop an affordable, lightweight and low power, INS/GPS integrated flight control system (FCS) capable of performing guidance, navigation and control functions for small launch vehicles. The proposed approach leverages Athena's expertise in design, fabrication and operational qualification of our family of miniaturized GuideStar flight control hardware and our patented and flight demonstrated Feedback LTI'zation control algorithms. Unlike conventional gain scheduling techniques that require design and testing of tens or hundreds of control design points and switching among each, Feedback LTI'zation uniquely achieves this with the design of only a few design points, valid and stable over the entire flight envelope. This design formulation elegantly rapidly produces robust and very small footprint control algorithms and control gains, resulting in efficient software maintenance, moderate computational requirements, and overall reduction in software life cycle cost. We believe Athena's expertise in highly integrated hardware design in combination with the elegance of our flight control algorithms, afford a powerful and innovative solution in producing a new generation of miniaturized and very affordable advanced avionics applicable to Kinetic Kill Vehicles (KKV) and a myriad of other launch vehicles. Athena foresees a large potential market in the application of flight control systems to both military unmanned air vehicles and the commercial R/C market. The military arena is poised for the introduction of miniaturized digital control systems for both terrestrial and airborne applications. The trends toward "more digital" systems, increased use of information technology, and the increased use of unmanned systems, both expendable and reusable all favor the use of Athena's form of low cost "insurance policy" to assure reliability of inherently low cost single string control systems. The emergence of the next generation uninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) and the Organic Air Vehicle as an augmented asset to the Army's Future Combat System all indicate the large potential for small and expendable systems is occurring, in part, to keep human life from harm. |
| MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC.
23 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 359-9500
Dr. Triveni Upadhyay MDA 02-018 Awarded: 03JAN03 |
| Title: | Guidance, Navigation, and Control for Small Boost-Phase Interceptors |
| Abstract: | This Phase I study proposes to address the objective of configuring a Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) system suitable for missile defense interceptors which realizes order-of-magnitude reductions in mass, volume and cost relative to current GN&C systems. These improvements will be sought through a combination of conceptual advances and use of components which benefit from cost reductions due to their application to high volume commercial markets. A new concept is proposed for a guidance law tailored specifically to the interception of ballistic missiles in their boost phase. This concept incorporates a booster classification function which provides access to a priori information about the fly-out characteristics of the booster types which are likely to be used in a given theater of operations. This system is to be implemented with COTS components to perform the functions of target sensing and inertial navigation aided by GPS and magnetometer data. The system also is dependent on high capacity, low cost digital data processing. There is a clear national need for an affordable approach to defense against ballistic missile attack. This program will study an innovative concept for guiding hit-to-kill interceptors against missiles in boost phase. The system will be implemented using COTS components resulting in order-of-magnitude reductions in mass, volume and cost relative to existing GN&C systems. |
| THE SPACE LAUNCH CORP.
575 Anton Blvd., Suite 300 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 432-6410
Mr. George Whittinghill MDA 02-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Fully Integrated, Low-Cost, Light-Weight, Multi-Mission Capable GNC and RF System |
| Abstract: | The Space Launch Corporation is proposing to design a low-cost, lightweight flight control system (FCS) for small launch vehicles and interceptors with COTS components. The FCS architecture will focus on the GNC and RF systems as they provide a high degree of commonality for SLV and KKV missions. This GNC/RF suite, known as the NavCom block will be designed to provide complete functionality to the launch vehicle and to the payload through a unique mission-configurable Head-End-Module (HEM). The design approach of the HEM's common avionics suite will be validated through a 6DOF simulation of a typical KKV mission from launch to intercept. The proposed approach will eliminate costly SLV to payload integration effort, will result in more net payload to orbit, and will enable rapid initialization of spacecraft systems in orbit thus reducing mission cost. The components developed in Phase II can be used in Space Launch's low cost, on-demand and dedicated microsatellite launch vehicle, the SLC-1. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 573-6300
Dr. Mark Rigali MDA 02-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Nozzle Materials and Concepts for High Mass Flux Boost Motors |
| Abstract: | On this Phase I program, Advanced Ceramics Research Inc. (ACR) will develop and commercialize technology to fabricate boost motor nozzles using TaC-based Fibrous Monolith composites. These materials may also have application for other high temperature propulsion-related composite components such as gas divert tubes, valves, and hot gas ducts. On the commercial side, ACR is exploring and evaluating applications for the thermally insulating refractory composites. Examples of these potential applications include high temperature furnace hardware and precision insulators. ACR and the Tohono O'odham Reservation of Tucson, AZ, have teamed together to form a new $3.9 million dollar joint venture business called Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing LLC (ACM). The purpose of this new venture is to scale-up the high-temperature consolidation process of fibrous monolith materials to large production volumes. The venture will specifically focus on commercial production of technology developed on this and other government programs. The industrial applications of the materials and components developed under this Phase II program are applicable to both the defense and commercial sectors. Our discussions with defense contractors have led to expressions of interest from Alliant TechSystems as well as Raytheon Missile Systems, and Aerojet. For the US government and BMDO, the potential applications are in (a) rocket nozzles (b) combustor and hot gas duct liners and (c) thruster housings. ACR has already established close supplier and development relationships with a number of relevant rocket motor manufacturers. Potential commercial applications to be explored during the course of Phase II include items such as furnace supports, liners and furniture, where insulating refractory materials are desired. Based on past experience with the development of the FM coated drill bit inserts with Smith International and the development of metal cutting tools with Kyocera Industrial Ceramics via funding from the DOE and the considerable interest has expressed in our technology for high temperature applications we expect this program to move us immediately into a position of obtaining private sector support. |
| HYPER-THERM HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOSITES, INC.
18411 Gothard Street, Unit B Huntington Beach, CA 92648 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 375-4085
Dr. Robert J. Shinavski MDA 02-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Strength, Nano-Grained Tungsten for Zero-Erosion Nozzle Throat Inserts |
| Abstract: | Boost phase intercept missiles must be capable of rapidly and accurately intercepting a target. The solid rocket motors needed to achieve intercept during the boost phase require aluminized propellants operating at very high pressures to obtain the necessary high thrust levels. This requirement presents a severe operational environment with nozzle throat temperatures exceeding 5000F. Throat inserts capable of operating in such an environment must aslo be non-eroding such that the thrust vector of the interceptor missile is very predictable, and thus more accurate. This Phase I program will demonstrate a nanograined tungsten material fabricated by chemical vapor deposition that exhibits very high strengths and ultra-high temperature stability, and thus is capable of operating under the extreme thermal stresses imposed during firing. Mechanical and thermal properties will be measured at both ambient and elevated temperatures such that a low cost/low risk fabrication approach can be determined. High strength, nano-grained tungsten has been identified as a potential candidate material for non-eroding throat inserts in solid rocket motors. Performance and/or cost benefits from such material insertion can be realized across a range of boost and tactical missile systems. A zero erosion nozzle throat insert has been recognized as one of the necessary technological advances to meet the goals of the DoD Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) program. |
| MATERIALS RESEARCH & DESIGN
1024 E. Lancaster Ave. Rosemont, PA 19010 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 526-9540
Mr. Kent Buesking MDA 02-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Nozzle Materials and Concepts for High Mass Flux Boost Motors |
| Abstract: | Aluminized rocket motors impose a severe environment on nozzle materials, with pressures of 3000 psi and temperatures of 6300øF. Thermodynamic calculations, supported by experimental data, indicate that only tungsten (W) and tantalum carbide (TaC) can provide a non-eroding surface. Recent motor firings show that these materials can survive if the nozzle employs a thin liner over a high temperature sup-port. Unfortunately, not all designs are successful and their behavior is not well understood. For example, when a successful W nozzle is analyzed with today's tools, the stresses exceed the measured strengths indicating that the nozzle should have failed. Furthermore, if the models are revised to reflect the successful behavior and then applied to a somewhat different W liner design, the models indicate that the new design should survive when, in fact, it failed. These events indicate that the design tools, which were developed to analyze thick throats made primarily with ablative materials, are not directly applicable to non-eroding refractory materials used as thin, thermal stress-resistant liners. Review of the existing design tools shows that they can be improved in three specific areas: 1) thermal boundary conditions and heat transfer analysis, 2) material models and structural analysis, and 3) failure criteria for brittle/ductile materials. The proposed program will systematically examine and improve the design methods used in present nozzles. The program will focus on the assumptions and tools used for 1) heat transfer analysis, 2) stress analysis, and 3) failure prediction. The improved design methodology will be integrated and verified by comparison with data from recent tests. The improved tools will then be exercised to design a TaC nozzle for an aluminized motor. Selected materials will be purchased and provided for characterization. The program will be performed by Materials Research & Design, Inc. (MR&D). Thermal Technologies, Inc. (TTI) will serve as a consultant in aerothermal behavior. The proposed design methods are directly applicable to improved boost motors, which will increase the capability of commercial communication satellites. Additionally, the technology is appropriate for a variety of high temperature structures including hypersonic airframes, ramjet engines, and divert and altitude control systems. |
| COMBUSTION PROPULSION & BALLISTIC TECHNOLOGY CORP.
1217 Smithfield Street State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-6989
Dr. Kenneth K. Kuo MDA 02-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Safe and Flexible Propulsion Technologies for Kinetic Energy Boost Phase Intercept Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is the development of a candidate bi-propellant system consisting of a fuel-rich component gelled with energetic nano-sized particles coupled with a highly energetic storable liquid oxidizer for kinetic energy interceptor applications. Theoretical calculations indicate this innovative combination can meet MDA's propulsion requirements for both upper stage and DACS applications. Bi-propellant components will be chosen to yield "green" propellants of low toxicity. Liquid/gel bi-propellant systems have a number of advantages over solid propellant or liquid monopropellant systems, including safety, flexibility, thrust controllability, high performance, etc. To increase the energy density of a liquid propellant over that of nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine combination, an energetic additive such as a fine powder (e.g. boron, boron carbide, and aluminum) will be used as a gelling agent for the fuel-rich propellant. Recent advances in nano-sized energetic material synthesis and gel propellant technology provide a new dimension in propellant formulation. Densification of the propellant through the addition of energetic powders also allows for higher thrust levels (and hence high-g divert capability) in volume-limited propulsion systems. Alternative oxidizers including high concentration hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylammonium perchlorate, and others will be evaluated. Combustion performance of selected candidates will be experimentally verified in rocket engine tests. After the demonstration and verification of the superior performance of the preliminarily formulated high-energy bi-propellants with nano-sized energetic powders by the Phase I study, development of more complete families of energetic bi-propellants will be conducted in subsequent phases. Also, a larger scale rocket engine will be designed and fabricated for bi-propellant combustion tests for the KE interceptor application. In Phase II, detailed characterization of density impulses, combustion efficiencies, ignition behavior, and combustion stability of selected energetic bi-propellants will be conducted using state-of-the-art diagnostic instruments and facilities. The mechanical and safety behavior of these newly formulated propellants will also be characterized. When these newly formulated bi-propellants are brought to the commercially usable state at the end of Phase II, there will be broad applications in other combustion and propulsion systems. Once the high performance of these energetic materials are demonstrated, the proposer will use his broad contacts with numerous industrial companies involved in bi-propellant manufacturing, space propulsion, and safety device design and fabrication. Dr. Kuo has many former students and colleagues who work at these companies. These companies include: ATK-Thiokol Propulsion., Alliant TechSystem, Inc., United Technology - CSD, Atlantic Research Corporation, Talley Defense Systems, Lockheed Martin, Boeing Aerospace, North American Rocketdyne, General Dynamics, etc. Many of these companies will be interested in using high-performance bi-propellants for various commercial applications besides the military usage, for example: - airbag inflators for automobiles, - emergency escape systems for aircrafts, - underwater propulsion, - high-pressure water jet for cutting explosives, cheeses, steel pipes, - demolition of unwanted structures such as buildings, bridges, towers, etc., and - high-performance space propulsion rockets for space exploration. The information to be obtained and the technology to be developed from this project will be transferred to Navy and other military entities and to the commercial market. In Phase III, CPBT Corporation plans to market several potentially useful bi-propellants for both commercial and military applications. The major parts of technical obstacles to be overcome in order to bring the new technology to later phase commercialization are addressed in the feasibility study to be demonstrated in Phase I. In Phase II, besides technical development, collaborative agreements between the CPBT Corporation and several major industrial companies and government labs will be established in the utilization of the newly developed bi-propellants for KE interceptor design and fabrication. Technology transfer to government labs and industrial companies will be conducted not only at the end of the project, but also during the course of the Phase I study. The method for technology transfer will take a number of forms, including: interim progress reports and final report, presentations of research skills and results at the JANNAF combustion and propulsion meetings, AIAA Joint Propulsion Meetings, Aerospace Sciences Meetings, MRL Symposia, special workshops to be organized by the sponsor or the Principal Investigator of CPBT Corporation, and visits of DoD or industrial personnel to PSU and CPBT for discussion or testing. |
| AMERICAN SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
3100 S. Vista Ave., Suite 230 Boise, ID 83705 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 336-2773
Mr. Douglas R. Hackler Sr. MDA 02-021 Awarded: 11JAN03 |
| Title: | Foundry Flexfet(c)SOI, a Commercial Revolution in Rad-Hard Processing |
| Abstract: | Low cost, high-frequency, radiation-tolerant wafer fabrication for next generation electronic circuits is limited by domestic manufacturing capability. General availability of inherently radiation tolerant silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process technology to the fabless design community is limited to only one viable domestic source. This proposal presents the opportunity to create U.S. foundry manufacturing of an advanced commercial radiation hardened SOI wafer fabrication process. FlexfetcSOI is a novel state of the art process that provides deep sub-micron, sub-lithographic minimum feature size, double gated MOSFETs and 4-terminal dynamic threshold metal oxide semiconductor (DTMOS) transistor configuration. The double gate characteristics facilitate a revolutionary Dynamic Radiation Compensationc circuit architecture that expands low cost reliability of the process beyond that of static, traditional, isolation techniques. Successful execution of this proposal and the follow-on Phase II effort can result in improvements in reliability, advanced materials, performance and cost for defense procurement of rad-hard, low power electronic circuits. A significant strategy for cost reduction is the commercialization opportunity from offering this advanced process in a foundry all defense circuit designers can access. Further, the foundry installation of FlexfetcSOI creates an inherently low cost fabrication base by consolidating multiple design organizations capacity requirements for economies of scale. Improved rad-hard performance for electronic circuits in components, sub-systems and systems. Low cost development and aquisition of new low power, rad-hard designs. Domestic US manufacturing capability to support defense electronics. |
| ASTRALUX, INC.
2500 Central Ave. Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 413-1440
Dr. Randolph E. Treece MDA 02-021 Awarded: 06JAN03 |
| Title: | PHOTO-ASSISTED EPITAXY OF WURTZITE GAN |
| Abstract: | This work proposes to develop innovative methods to use photo-assisted epitaxial growth for GaN in order to reduce the defects that limit device performance. Light can interact with the surface of the substrate and nucleation layer to influence the growth toward greater perfection. Several mechanisms can be investigated where incident illumination has the potential to reduce the defect density. One mechanism is the enhancement of reactant surface mobility by increasing the jump frequency, or decreasing the potential barrier, and assisting in moving the reactant to the appropriate lattice site. Alternatively, monochromatic light can be resonant with the energy of the forming defects, changing their effective formation energy. A third mechanism to be investigated is the effect of using light to change the chemical potential at the surface, which, in turn, effects the energy of formation of charged defects. Astralux is proposing to develop a new GaN growth method that will lead to materials that will revolutionize discrete wide bandgap semiconductor device fabrication and integrated circuit production. The opportunity for the improved materials will apply to both the next generation of optoelectronic devices, as well as the specialized market niches for high-power microwave electronics. |
| BEAMTEK, INC.
3149 S. Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 790-0200
Dr. Philip Lam MDA 02-021 Awarded: 15JAN03 |
| Title: | Innovative Manufacturing Processes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to design and manufacture a window glass material for high power transmission with approximately zero optical path difference (OPD) for MDA's Airborne Laser (ABL), a high power chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) at 1.315 æm. The ideal window glass material must exhibit a zero Optical Path Difference (OPD) across the window that is being heated unevenly by the high-energy laser, thus, producing very little distortion in the transmitted beam. We propose to use specially designed phosphate glasses which exhibiting a near zero or even negative optical path difference, extremely low absorption, relative low thermal expansion coefficient and high mechanical strength. In Phase I program, we will design, fabricate, and characterize glass samples with a variety of glass compositions which will exhibit a near zero optical path difference. This high quality glass material with near zero optical path difference can be used as the bulkhead window of Airborne and Space-based lasers for ballistic missile defense. |
| BELFORD RESEARCH, INC.
386 Spannish Wells Road, Building B, Suite 3 Hilton Head Island, SC 29926 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 681-7688
Dr. Rona E. Belford MDA 02-021 Awarded: 01FEB03 |
| Title: | Germanium-Free Strained-SOI Wafers |
| Abstract: | We propose to combine the technologies of SOI manufacture with strain-inducing wafer bonding to produce Strained-Si On Insulator (SSOI) wafers. Optimizing this new Strained-Silicon-on-Insulator will increase carrier mobilities by a factor of at least x3, lower the band gap by 20%, and reduce operating power of existing technologies by a factor of x4. The above performance enhancements are over and above the enhancements arising from the thin Si layer and the insulating substrates. Our method of fabrication enables treatment for radiation hardness. IBM has announced their commitment to straining silicon as a viable alternative to `scaling' in the quest for higher performance. Their method of obtaining strained silicon involves expensive techniques including Si/Ge heterostructures fabrication. The presence of Ge severely limits IC processing. By contrast our method would not require customized processing or new device architectures. Intel is now poised to go mainstream with SOI chips taking SOI chip production out of the niche market. Intel is showing interest in our technology. These major developments open great potential for the proposed combination. Ultra-fast, mainstream silicon-based electronics will be enabled using current technology. Speed increases of x3 will be made possible using existing processing technology. This increase in speed is accompanied by a decrease in operating voltage by a factor of x4. Power dissipation will also be reduced by a factor of x4. This essentially new host material will have the speed benefits more characteristic of materials such as GaAs and will be operational at very low power. Radiation hardness can be achieved by less damaging processes giving a final processing surface of far better quality than if the standard radiation hard implantation or diffusion steps had been carried out. Radiation hard treatments can be implemented prior to bonding. This method opens the way for many structures previously not possible. New optical devices will be feasible in Si. The frequency responses of these silicon devices will extend further into the IR than was previously possible. The absolute response frequency will be dependant on the degree of applied strain. |
| BELLWETHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
5938 Woodvine Road Columbia, SC 29206 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(803) 240-3521
Dr. Jeffrey Bodycomb MDA 02-021 Awarded: 14JAN03 |
| Title: | Improved Temperature Measurement for High Yield Manufacturing |
| Abstract: | Bellwether proposed the development of an improved emissivity compensating pyrometer (ECP). This improved pyrometer will have advantages over conventional pyrometers including fewer measurement artifacts. Furthermore, the instrument will be initially developed for use with GaN processes, used for high power FET's and solar blind detectors. Improved process temperature measurement will lead to faster development through a better understanding of the process and higher manufacturing yields due to improved temperature control. Thus, such an instrument will reduce development and manufacturing costs for these critical materials. The group at Bellwether has experience developing and commercializing this technology for narrow bandgap materials. This technology is also transferable to other materials and processes. In the phase I program, we will explore the feasability of a modified ECP design by "breadboarding" such a pyrometer and using a GaN reactor as a test bed. In the phase II program, a prototype unit will be built and fully tested. These instruments will have advantages over other temperature measurement instruments including being noncontact, able to be used with moving targets, and useful for targets with varying surface properties (such as those undergoing processing). It will be a true in-situ, real-time device appropriate for use in process control and yield optimization. Immediate commercial applications will be in the semiconductor industry, where temperature measurement is a an issue directly impacting manufacturing yield. Midterm/future applications will be in other industries where process temperature is critical, such as metal processing and the chemical process industries. |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
714 Bond Ave. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 898-1060
Dr. John Langan MDA 02-021 Awarded: 19DEC02 |
| Title: | Parameter Reduction, Selection, and Control of Motion Energy Processing for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Computational Sensors Corp. (CSC) proposes a hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) operational testing and analysis program to develop a framework designed to efficiently control our spatio-temporal image processing hardware. In previous work, CSC developed a massively parallel, real-time video processing system capable of bulk spatial and temporal filtering in the analog domain. The system is capable of agile, spatial and temporal filtering using low-power, analog silicon retinas in a programmable multi-chip architecture. Subsequent work has demonstrated the utility of spatio-temporal filtering in a number of critical MDA programs. The dramatic system versatility, enabling full intra-frame filtering parameter adaptation, necessitates the development of an efficient control methodology for governing the many system parameters so that the system can responsively interact with interceptor sensor systems for a variety of missile defense engagement scenarios. This effort will develop and optimize the system control methodology needed to program and control the existing S-T filtering hardware to enable guidance and control and/or target tracking systems to effectively operate the motion energy processor in real time. The spatio-temporal motion energy system previously developed by CSC has the potential to provide sophisticated wavelet discrimination of subtle target discrimination both spatially and temporally with an extremely large computational capability that addresses the bulk filtering problem of mid course discrimination and boost phase intercept. The power of this approach is, however, dependant on the real time control of the filtering parameters addressed in this proposal. The determination of the proper control strategy can only be cost effectively and properly accomplished by extensive HWIL testing in scene simulators by realistic missile defense engagement target sets. Target analysis capabilities using non-linear motion energy image processing techniques integrated in Analog VLSI image processors are ideally suited for compact, low power, military applications. The spatio-temporal (S-T) motion flow processor being developed is enabling to Missile Defense Agency (MDA) program algorithms that flow down to major missile defense systems. The company's primary goal is to move this core technology into the military market with products using this technology marketed to military laboratories and aerospace corporations for missile defense applications. Analog VLSI image processing technology may also be applicable in many other commercial areas including automatic inspection, biometric identification, security, surveillance, and other machine vision applications. To date, non-linear motion energy image processing technology using TAIP chip technology developed under Defense Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract in conjunction with temporal filtering capability developed under MDA and Army Space & Missile Defense Command (ARMY-SMDC) contract has demonstrated significant utility in detection, track-before-detect capability when coupled with dynamic programming, and discrimination of low flying missile targets in moving background clutter. CSC is fulfilling current DARPA and |