DoD SBIR FY04.1 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS

DoD SBIR FY04.1 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS
Air Force - Navy - DARPA - MDA - DTRA - CBD - OSD - SOCOM - NGA

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470 Phase I Selections from the 04.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Mark Phillips AF 04-001 Awarded: 16APR04
Title:	Frequency-Agile Laser for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Velocity Compensation
Abstract:	Frequency-agile lasers with ultra-narrow linewidth are required for several coherent laser applications, including correction for Doppler frequency shifts between satellite platforms in low earth orbit. Coherent Technologies, Inc. proposes to develop a compact near-monolithic laser operating at 1.064 microns, tunable over its full range of 60GHz in 1ms. This tuning range allows correction for all possible relative velocities between platforms operating in low earth orbit. The tuning mechanism is a combination of electro-optic intracavity phase modulation and electro-optic tuning of a mode-selecting etalon, providing settling times that are commensurate with the 1ms tuning period. Power scaling from a previously demonstrated single frequency power value of 50mW to >100mW will be evaluated. The tunable laser developed on Phase II will be packaged in the form of CTI's standard METEORr product, with dimensions of approximately 3.5" long X 2.3" wide X 1.5" tall. This program leverages off CTI's previous work in frequency offset-locking of single frequency lasers for space-based platform compensation and laser frequency stabilization to ultra-stable reference cavities for long-range micro-Doppler measurements. The Phase I program will include a preliminary tuning demonstration of the frequency-agile laser and characterization of etalon requirements for power-scaling single frequency operation.

POLARONYX, INC. 562 Weddell Drive, Suite 8 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 734-3048 Dr. Jian Liu AF 04-001 Awarded: 26APR04
Title:	Alignment-free fast frequency-addressable fiber laser for OPC laser tracking systems
Abstract:	Tunable single frequency high power lasers have been considered to be an enabling technology for Air Force's active laser tracking systems for space surveillance and control. PolarOnyx proposes, for the first time, an ultra fast electronically tuned high power (100 mW) single frequency (< 1 KHz) fiber laser source to meet with the requirement of active laser tracking systems for fast and accurate frequency tuning. It is a specialty fiber based ring cavity, while the fast and wide tuning is achieved by using an electro-optical tunable filter. The tuning frequency can be addressed accurately and repeatedly without any hysteresis associated. A tabletop experiment will be demonstrated in Phase I time frame to show tuning speed of nanosecond over 30 GHz range centered at 1.06 ŸYm. A compact prototype will be delivered in Phase II.

RAINBOW COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 2362 Qume Drive, Suite F San Jose, CA 95131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 577-0109 Dr. Sean Zhang AF 04-001 Awarded: 23APR04
Title:	Innovative Solid-State Seed Laser With Non-Moving Parts and Random Access of Wavelength
Abstract:	Rainbow Communications proposes to investigate an innovative solid-state seed laser without any moving parts and with random access of wavelength. The proposed seed laser will have the following unique features: (1) High output power (500 mW) with unique optic design and high quality lasing crystals; (2) Robust construction by using monolithic block resonator design without any moving parts; (3) Controllable frequency tunability over a range of 30 GHz by using electro-optic crystal LiNbO3 as both etalon and cavity-length adjustment component; (4) Precise frequency tuning (set-on accuracy of the output lasing frequency of less than 100 MHz); (5) Very fast lasing frequency tuning (switching) time of about 1 microsecond (ms); (6) High stability of frequency (better than 1 MHz/hr.) by using monolithic block resonator design, thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and electro-optic crystals LiNbO3 as cavity-length adjustment component; (7) Lightweight and compact by improving our commercial product with new optic and electronic design, miniature and high efficient optic and electronic components. Phase I will focus on the feasibility demonstration of the proposed solid state laser technology, and in Phase II a practical laser prototype with high power output will be developed to meet all Air Force seed laser application requirements.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Anatoliy Khizhnyak AF 04-002 Awarded: 23APR04
Title:	Adaptive Laser System for Space Control and Protection
Abstract:	Space control missions require a high angular brightness and minimal jitter laser beam on the target. These characteristics are difficult to achieve on a real beam path through turbulent atmospheric conditions. MetroLaser's proposal outlines an innovative approach in designing a laser system based on a combination of linear and non-linear optical phase conjugation mirrors. This concept enables correction of the wavefront of a high-energy laser, resulting in a high Strehl ratio of the beam and significant increase of the energy density on the target. During Phase I, we will perform a systematic analysis of the phase-conjugate mirror based laser, and proof-of-concept experiments to characterize key system parameters. The operational limits and constraints imposed by spatial aberrations on the beam path and the delivered energy requirements will be identified and the projected performance envelope estimated. A design trade-off analysis of the prototype architecture will be conducted in order to provide the optimal concept appropriate to a more detailed design and experiment definition study. During Phase II, we will extend the performance capabilities of the proposed laser system, design and build a breadboard for verifying and optimizing the predicted system performance, demonstrate and refine laboratory operation, and estimate the working envelope.

PASSAT, INC. 720 N. Hammonds Ferry Road Linthicum, MD 21090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 609-2006 Dr. Guerman Pasmanik AF 04-002 Awarded: 21APR04
Title:	Laser System for Space Control and Protection
Abstract:	This topic addresses the development of a phase conjugating laser system that is capable of neutralizing a surveillance or optical communication target system in space, air, or on the ground. The target system can be jammed using multiple wavelengths in-band to the passive sensors of the ground system using a conjugating laser system to deny the ground system to passively track the space craft. The main aim of the project is to develop physical principles of jamming based on optical phase conjugation, to build and test experimentally key parts of a prototype system: an amplifier providing gain of 10^7, low-threshold phase conjugation mirror, transceivers for generation of different wavelengths with amplification of a fixed wavelength.

NP PHOTONICS, INC. UA Science and Tech Park, 9030 S Rita Rd Suite 120 Tucson, AZ 85747
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 799-7438 Dr. Arturo Chavez-Pirson AF 04-003 Awarded: 30APR04
Title:	PANORAMIC OPTICAL POWER AMPLIFIER IN Yb-DOPED MULTI-CORE PHOSPHATE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER
Abstract:	This project focuses on the development of compact, high electrical plug-in efficiency, and high gain panoramic optical amplifiers suitable for image amplification. Laser tracking and pointing of remote targets for space/air surveillance and control applications require a suitable image amplifier covering a wide field of view to improve signal to noise in image detection, leading to longer target range capability and/or stronger immunity to atmospheric disturbance. Our approach centers on a new phosphate glass and fiber technology that enables much higher ytterbium doping than previously possible - resulting in high gain per unit length and short fiber lengths (~10 cm). NP Photonics pre-form and fiber drawing technology makes possible the fabrication of two-dimensional arrays of doped cores embedded in a pump cladding layer -where each core represents a pixel in the image amplifier. Our preliminary calculations with 9 to 19 active cores arranged in a two-dimensional pattern indicate that it is possible for each pixel to have high gain (>20 dB) and large acceptance angle (>10 degrees), and for the amplifier to have high electrical efficiency (>40%) when pumped with commercially available 975nm multimode diodes.

ASTRALUX, INC. 2500 Central Ave. Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 413-1440 Dr. Randolph E. Treece AF 04-004 Awarded: 26APR04
Title:	Portable E-beam Pumped UV/X-ray Bio-Decontamination System
Abstract:	The malicious distribution of Bacillus anthracis spores through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001 demonstrated the vulnerability of the United States to biological threats. These events showed the need for improved decontamination methods for buildings and assets exposed to various biological agents, because the current methods rely on the application of a chlorine- or formaldehyde-based liquid and are toxic, corrosive, and harmful to papers, books, and sensitive equipment such as landing gear, brake assemblies, and aircraft interiors. The combination of a high-intensity 250-280 nm ultraviolet (UV-C) emitter and an x-ray radiation source within a single package would offer a clean, non-toxic, and non-corrosive alternative for the surface and subsurface multi-BW agent decontamination of buildings and equipment. Electron-beam pumping provides an efficient method to drive both types of emission. Astralux, Inc. is developing an electron-beam pumped semiconductor UV source technology, which when combined with suitable metal structures, will result in a UV/X-ray bio-decontamination unit that does not suffer from the shortcomings mentioned above. This UV/X-ray bio-decontamination device should prove useful in a wide range of settings requiring disinfection. These applications include mail disinfection, air and water purification, and medical sterilization.

NANODYNAMICS, INC. 34 East 29th Street New York, NY 10016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(212) 686-0759 Dr. Thomas Vullo AF 04-004 Awarded: 21APR04
Title:	UV/X-Ray Bio-Decontamination
Abstract:	The threat of biological warfare has mandated the need for decontamination methodologies for the military and civilian sectors. Use of chemical agents for decontamination is unfavorable due to their residual nature and potential toxicity to humans and the environment. Both ultraviolet (UV) and x-ray sources have been used individually for bio-decontamination. Currently, there is no combined UV / x-ray source available for use either for bio-decontamintion or any other application. Recent advances in nanoparticle technology have produced nanophosphors which produce, with electron beam excitation, bright emissions in the UV energy range. Likewise, a highly efficient, compact and unique x-ray source has been developed having a flux output two orders of magnitude greater than standard, off-the-shelf x-ray tubes. The goal here is to use this exceedingly bright x-ray source to excite the novel nanophosphors to produce UV emissions, simultaneously resulting in intense UV and x-ray energies. Such a combined and compact UV / x-ray source will be portable and have major advantages for biological decontamination for both military and civilian applications.

STELLAR MICRO DEVICES 2020 Centimeter Circle Austin, TX 78758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 997-7778 Dr. Leonid D. Karpov AF 04-004 Awarded: 29APR04
Title:	Flat Panel UV/X-Ray Bio-Decontamination System
Abstract:	A novel flat panel decontamination system (FPDS) which can emit simultaneously in both the ultraviolet-C (200 - 280 nm) and X-ray spectra will meet DoD bio-decontamination needs. This system builds on two recent innovations - UV-C nanophosphors developed at the University of Michigan and robust flat panel cold cathodes -- which make possible for the first time a compact, efficient single source for both these spectra.

INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-7130 Dr. Igor Ternovskiy AF 04-005 Awarded: 23APR04
Title:	Analytical Photometric Manifold Modeling
Abstract:	The Air Force is soliciting the development of innovative algorithms to produce 4D models of "uncooperative" objects in near real-time. This modeling would entail high-resolution 3D shape reconstruction and motion tracing of space objects from ground-based images. In response, Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a 4D reconstruction system based on an analytical photometric manifold modeling (APMM) algorithm. The proposed APMM technology will build on IOS's proprietary developments in the application of catastrophe theory to image modeling, and will utilize a Modeling Wave Set approach to implement rotationally invariant primitives as a building block for modeling. In Phase I, IOS will: provide proof of feasibility and develop the APMM algorithm to represent space objects as photometric polynomial models, initiate development of key 3-D concepts and relationships, and demonstrate the successful reconstruction of a 3-D structure from at least one sequence of space images. In Phase II, IOS will demonstrate a more robust prototype that will produce accurate representations under difficult conditions and will provide rapid 3-D model reconstruction and motion algorithms. In Phase II, IOS will also demonstrate verifiable prototype software.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. IT Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Stephen Kupiec AF 04-005 Awarded: 05MAY04
Title:	Spatio-Temporal Object Reconstructed Modeling System from Ground-Based Imagery of Space Objects
Abstract:	The Air Force is seeking innovative algorithms that automate and expedite the process of extracting four dimensional (4D) space-time imagery of space objects from ground-based space imagery collectors. In response to this need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Spatio-Temporal Object Reconstructed Modeling System (STORMS) based on a parallel genetic algorithm optimization engine (PGAOE), multiscale structure characterization (MSC), and spatial object dynamics (SOD) modeling. The concise framework of MSC for coarse-to-fine processing and the efficient and adaptive parallel genetic optimization algorithm engine for fast structural matching together enable STORMS to perform 4D modeling (3D spatial plus temporal) on space objects automatically, directly, and from an observed image sequences in less than 20 minutes. SOD modeling will coherently and accurately generate both the global motion dynamics and local dynamics of articulated space objects. The proposed STORM system not only meets the ARFL/DE needs, but has significant commercial applications in surveillance, homeland security, and autonomous robot navigation. In Phase I, POC will develop a prototype system for feasibility demonstration of 4D modeling from real image sequences of a space object. In Phase II, POC will optimize the STORMS to handle real data under less than ideal conditions.

STELLAR SCIENCE LTD.CO 401 Serenity Ct SE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 453-2713 Dr. Conrad J. Poelman AF 04-005 Awarded: 26APR04
Title:	Automated Techniques for Extracting Four Dimensional Space-Time Data from Ground-Based Imagery of Space Objects
Abstract:	This project will develop techniques for processing sequences of images of a space object, taken from ground-based telescopes, to create a three dimensional model of the object and to calculate the object's attitude motion as a function time. This Shape from Motion problem has been studied since the 1980's, but the approaches have not been subject to rigorous performance testing, and the algorithms typically assume much higher image clarity and spatial resolution than ground-based space surveillance systems can deliver. First, we will create a prototype system that applies the most promising of the current shape from motion techniques, and evaluate its strengths, limitations, and feasibility using simulated and real imagery of space objects. This system will be delivered as a working tool for research and special mission analyses. Second, we will examine novel approaches to the shape from motion problem that are tailored to the characteristics of the space surveillance problem. One approach integrates feature identification with feature tracking to efficiently accommodate noisy data and features that move in and out of view. Another replaces the point cloud representation of object shape with a meshed surface or a set of voxels, making results more useful to other analysis tools.

FARR RESEARCH, INC. 614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 293-3886 Dr. Everett G. Farr AF 04-006 Awarded: 06MAY04
Title:	A Dual Polarized Tapered Slot Antenna Embedded into an Inflatable Wing
Abstract:	Airborne UWB radar systems will require a receive antenna that can be printed or mounted onto the inflatable wing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Such antennas need to reach as low as VHF frequencies, and must be positioned to look to the side of the aircraft. To satisfy this requirement, tapered slot antennas (TSAs) looking off the wingtip have been proposed. However, this antenna receives only a single horizontal polarization. No solution currently exists for either a dual polarized antenna or a vertically polarized antenna looking off the wingtip of an inflatable wing. To address this requirement for a dual polarity antenna, we will investigate a dual-polarized TSA that can be mounted onto a UAV with an inflatable wing. A vertical TSA will be added to the horizontal TSA in its plane of symmetry, so the two antennas do not interact with each other. We also consider the problem of a single vertically polarized antenna that is flush-mounted to an inflatable wing. To achieve this we propose a Conical Slot Antenna (CSA) printed onto the wing. During Phase I we will design, build, and test a dual-polarized TSA and a vertically polarized CSA.

PRO-TECH 11 C Orchard Court Alamo, CA 94507
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 552-0510 Dr. David V. Giri AF 04-006 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Conformal Impulse Receive Antenna Arrays
Abstract:	Conformal arrays are of great importance in a variety of applications. The ability of the antenna array to "conform" to the surface of a host platform is of great benefit primarily because of its compactness and non-obtrusiveness (reducing drag) and thus decreasing operational costs, implying that, for example, airborne platforms, such as fixed wing aircraft, including UAVs and helicopters can maintain their designed aerodynamic characteristics while hosting an array antenna. It should be pointed out at the outset that Pro-Tech's Phase I objective is to develop a conformal impulse "timed-array" antenna, operating in a transient regime and covering a wide frequency band spanning an approximately 200 MHz-2 GHz range. Our goal is to build and test two small-scale prototype impulse arrays capable of operating not only in a "receive" (passive) mode, but also in a "transmit" ("active") mode, thus significantly exceeding the requirements of this SBIR effort.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 224-4410 Mr. Kirk Hawkins AF 04-006 Awarded: 21APR04
Title:	Conformal Impulse Receive Antenna Arrays
Abstract:	The UWB radar operation is based on the transmission of an Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) impulse signal at the target of interest. The radar will initially receive the short UWB impulse reflected from the target followed by the late time "ringing" of the target at its resonant frequencies. The late time waveform, consisting of multiple damped sine waves, is used to detect and identify metallic objects of interest. In this application, it is vital for the transmit antenna to be non-dispersive over the entire bandwidth of the UWB impulse so that the transmitted pulse does not "spread-out" or "smear", which would mask the late time resonance signals. A non-dispersive UWB antenna maximizes the length of the late time signature used for analysis. We propose to develop a new class of highly configurable conformal antenna array to meet a wide range of UWB radar applications, including optimized performance with SARA's breakthrough channelized receiver technology, which gives AFRL the widest flexibility in terms of custom application development.

ACULIGHT CORP. 11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Mr. Chuck Miyake AF 04-007 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Optical Fibers for High-Power, Mid-Infrared Laser Diodes Emitting in the 2.0 Micron to 5.0 Micron Wavelength Range
Abstract:	Currently, mid-infrared lasers must be integrated into highly restrictive volumes near the outer surfaces of air platforms. Fiber coupling of mid-infrared lasers would enhance the tactical utility for such devices by enabling the laser to be remotely located from the pointer-tracker. The proposed work will demonstrate the efficient fiber coupling of a mid-infrared semiconductor laser in a low loss, low divergence, fiber optic consistent with typical IRCM system performance needs.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Ching-Fong Chen AF 04-007 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	High Performance Fluoride Fiber for IR Optic Applications
Abstract:	Fluoride glass has a very small loss compared to other fibers. The loss for fluoride glass fiber can be as low as 0.003 dB/m. Compared to silica, IR fibers usually have higher loss, larger refractive indices and dn/dT, lower melting or softening points, and greater thermal expansion. The higher dn/dT and low melting or softening point leads to thermal lensing and low laser induced damage thresholds for some of the fibers. The application of fluoride glass can be extended to a wide range of IR applications if a higher strength and high melting/softening material can be achieved. This program proposes an innovative fluoride fiber. The high melting point and high strength can enhance its bending radius, increase length, increase energy capability, and decrease diameter. The continuous process can also lower the cost.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Witold Kowbel AF 04-008 Awarded: 21APR04
Title:	Lightweight SiC Composite Optics for High energy Applications
Abstract:	SiC-composites offer a paradigm shift in the area of large aperture, very low aerial density optics. In addition, MER has found novel solutions to the print-through problem. The fundamental issue addressed in this proposal is the performance of lightweight optics under a laser beam. Small (4" diameter) mirrors with aerial density varying from 2 - 15 Kg/m2 will be fabricated, analyzed and tested under laser conditions. In addition, a projection to very high energy laser condition will be made.

SCHAFER CORP. 321 Billerica Road Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 338-2865 Dr. William A. Goodman AF 04-008 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Lightweight Optics for High Energy Applications
Abstract:	The corrected system wavefront error (WFE) for tactical airborne and relay mirror systems can be minimized using low figure error/surface finish, low print-through, SLMST technology with high-reflectivity VLA coatings. The performance requirements of corrective mirrors in the system (DMs, FSMs) might also be relaxed as the result of the improved system WFE offered by SLMST. SLMST and Silicon Carbide SLMST (SiC-SLMST) have demonstrated the highest structural efficiency for high-bandwidth fast steering mirror applications (e.g. ABL). SLMST can exceed the 1st frequency of lightweighted beryllium. Vacuum-cryogenic testing (27 K) of SLMST at NASA MSFC demonstrated lower print-through than lightweighted fused silica, ULE, Zerodur, beryllium and silicon carbide mirrors, making SLMST ideal for the -20oC tactical airborne or -50oC high-altitude Relay Mirror operational environments. In Phase I, Schafer will perform thermal and structural analysis and estimate cost for SLMST in diameters from 5 to 33-inch. We shall fabricate a 5-inch plano SLMST mirror, polished to a figure of <HeNe/10 PV and surface roughness of <10 RMS, and coat it with a Very Low Absorption (VLA) dual-band (3.8 and 1.315 micron) high reflectivity coating deposited by the Air Force Optical Components Evaluation Laboratory (OCEL). This prototype would be suitable for high-power testing.

TREX ENTERPRISES CORP. 10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 245-6465 Dr. William F. Fischer, III AF 04-008 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	CVC SiC Mirrors Designed for High Energy Laser Applications
Abstract:	This program targets paths that will improve the manufacturing process and further reduce Trex's fabrication costs and delivery schedule for the provision of high performance chemical vapor composite (CVC) SiC optical mirrors to any DoD program, with special emphasis in the area of high energy laser application. Trex's patented CVC fabrication process is a scalable, low cost, and rapid method for making SiC optical components. In addition to the ABL and ARMS programs, there are a large number of other programs within DoD that require high stiffness, lightweight, low cost manufacturing processes for optics. The Phase I technical objective is to establish the feasibility of Trex's advanced manufacturing process for meeting the specifications for a specific DoD program. To meet this objective, Trex will fabricate and coat coupons and mirrors for evaluation and testing. We will also provide a coating evaluation report and a recommendation on scaling the mirror manufacturing process to 0.75-1.5m class. The results above will establish the feasibility of the Trex process for meeting the goals of the program and provide a plan for manufacturing 0.75m mirrors during a Phase II program.

ASR CORP. 7817 Bursera, NW Albuquerque, NM 87120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 830-3000 Mr. Michael D. Abdalla AF 04-009 Awarded: 30APR04
Title:	High Repetition Rate Pulsed Power Generators
Abstract:	The ASR Corporation has developed an ultra-compact hydrogen-insulated triggered switch for use in high voltage, fast rise time applications. The objective of the proposed work is to incorporate the switch into a compact 5-stage Marx structure to enable evaluation of a compact, high repetition rate generator. The compact Marx generator will be designed, manufactured and tested.

RF ENGINEERING 157 North Reamstown Road Stevens, PA 17578
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 336-6721 Dr. Ronald J. Focia AF 04-009 Awarded: 21APR04
Title:	High Repetition Rate Pulsed Power Generators
Abstract:	A high-voltage, high-current, and high pulse repetition rate (PRR) pulsed power generator is desirable for use as an ultra-wideband (UWB) source. Advances have been made with solid-state switches and pulse generation techniques allowing PRRs of tens of kHz. However, an all solid-state solution may not be a viable option for generating voltage pulses of over ~30 kV due to the large currents that the switches commonly available would be required to carry. A Marx generator using gas switches would be the most efficient way to generate voltage pulses of over 100kV. Typically, Marx generators are capable of operation at PRRs of only a few hundred Hz. This limitation is due to the methods used to charge the Marx bank capacitors and the recovery time of the spark gap switches. Recent research has shown that corona-stabilized gas switches can operate very reliably, with good repeatability, well into the kHz regime. Additionally, these switches have exhibited lifetimes in excess of 10^8 shots. This proposal outlines an effort to build a prototype high PRR Marx generator that is suitable for use as an UWB source. The prototype will incorporate a compact modular design, utilize optically-coupled and corona-stabilized gas switches, and use fast capacitor charging methods to achieve low jitter, good repeatability, and a high PRR.

EPIWORKS, INC. 1606 Rion Drive Champaign, IL 61822
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 373-1590 Mr. Quesnell Hartmann AF 04-010 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Initial Demonstration of High-Brightness IR (1.8-1.9 æm) Strain-Compensated InGaAsP/InGaAs QW Lasers
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate 1.8 - 1.9 æm high-power, InP-based pump lasers.

LUTRONICS 28 Ruthellen Rd. Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 387-9685 Dr. Yalin Lu AF 04-010 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Novel Approach toward High Brightness Mid-Infrared Lasers
Abstract:	Semiconductor lasers covering mid-infrared wavelength range have been receiving extensive attentions in recent years. Many primary challenges, however, have been impeding their development progress for many years. Brightness of those developed versions, for example, is still not high enough for practical uses. Brightness depends mainly on the output intensity and beam profile. Wavelength coverage, which is required to cover full mid-infrared range, is another concern. To widen this wavelength coverage, new material system is thus highly needed. In this program, Lutronics uses an innovative structural design and a new material system to reach the goal with effectiveness. The program will be fully grounded with Lutronics's advanced MBE facilities and strong expertise in semiconductor laser development.

HYPERTECH SYSTEMS 4 Dickens Court Irvine, CA 92612
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 477-1019 Dr. David Slater AF 04-015 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Exploitation of Space-Based Imagery to Detect Targets against Structured Earth Backgrounds
Abstract:	Signature-based hyperspectral detection algorithms have demonstrated encouraging results over a range of imagery. These algorithms require as input a reflectance or emissivity spectrum for the target material of interest. Signature-based detection algorithms are often demonstrated using a carefully measured laboratory spectrum for an ideal sample of a target material. In many situations, however, a laboratory spectrum will not be available for a target material. In some cases, we may have a remotely sensed radiance spectrum obtained by an image analyst for a target or multiple field measurements from different sources. A remote spectral measurement cannot be used directly for detection in other scenes because it depends on the environmental conditions at the time of measurement. In the most challenging cases, the remotely sensed radiance spectrum may be for a subpixel target or for a target that is concealed under trees. We have shown that the performance of signature-based detection algorithms has a significant dependence on the input target spectral model. Thus, the generation of optimized target models from different input sources is a critical issue for the success of target detection systems in operational environments. There is also an important relationship between the utility of a target model and the spectral properties of the background clutter in a scene. In this project, we will develop an innovative software product called MODGEN that produces target models that optimize contrast with the background using input laboratory, field, and remote spectral measurements. This product can be used in combination with signature-based detection algorithms such as HyperTech's invariant detection products to provide a system that can be used operationally for model selection and target detection. MODGEN will consider both the visible through short-wave infrared (VNIR/SWIR) spectral range and the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral range. As part of this effort, we will consider the important but previously unaddressed problems of model extraction for observed targets that appear at subpixel scale or that are heavily obscured by vegetation. The problem of subpixel targets is of particular importance for space-based hyperspectral systems that often have limited spatial resolution. We will assess MODGEN by evaluating the improvement in ROC performance that is achieved using the new optimized target models as compared against the use of standard models. The assessment will consider a range of VNIR/SWIR and LWIR hyperspectral datasets.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Dr. Steven Adler-Golden AF 04-015 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Atmospheric Correction for Long Slant Path Imagery
Abstract:	Earth-observing Hyper- and Multispectral Imaging (HSI/MSI) in the Vis/SWIR provides detailed spectral signatures of natural terrain and man-made objects. However, the present inability to accurately correct for atmospheric effects in long slant paths seriously degrades target detection and discrimination, thus limiting surveillance and reconnaissance opportunities. Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) proposes to develop innovative, automated, fast and accurate atmospheric correction software for the highly off-nadir, long slant path scenario. In Phase I, the main building blocks for the correction algorithm will be generated and tested. A combination of real and Monte Carlo-simulated imagery from the SSI MCScene model will be assembled and used to evaluate the AFRL/SSI FLAASH atmospheric correction code in the long slant path scenario and identify the key sources of reflectance error. In addition, one or more new, advanced algorithms for retrieving detailed aerosol properties will be developed and demonstrated. Based on the results, plans will be made for development in Phase II of an enhanced Long Slant-path version of FLAASH that includes the new aerosol retrieval algorithm(s) and an aerosol and view/solar angle-dependent adjacency correction, and for a field experiment designed to validate the enhanced correction capability.

ADVATECH PACIFIC, INC. 2015 Park Avenue, Suite 8 Redlands, CA 92373
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 307-6218 Dr. Deganit Armon AF 04-017 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Advanced Cost Model for Space Concepts Development
Abstract:	The Advatech Pacific, Inc. Team (API Team) will analyze historical programmatic data for selected space-system development programs that are representative of current programs of interest. These programs will be analyzed with respect to specific technologies that have gone through a technology maturity cycle. This analysis will define the Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) at each point in the development cycle. This information will then be mapped to a set of normalized Technology Cost, Risk & Maturity curves that will illustrate the relationship between budgeted cost (i.e., funding available to the project managers) and the level of risk and/or probability of success for each given technology at each TRL for space programs. Differences in how the various historical space programs have been managed will lead to estimating error distributions for the technologies under study. Statistically summing all system risks, including those associated with technology development, will then result in a total cost/risk distribution for each space program whose cost is to be estimated. The cost model, based on this analysis, can then be used to predict the required investment needed to execute a space program that is pushing the technical state of the art. The total cost/risk distribution allows the decision maker to associate a degree of confidence in program executability with any proposed program budget. Simultaneously, the API Team will develop the plan for implementing this programmatic Life Cycle Cost/risk (LCC/risk) model strategy into a stochastic analysis code that will automate the computations required to translate the engineering analysis into a cost estimate. Further, this code would make use of the logic and capabilities of existing commercial and Government cost models where they are found appropriate. Most importantly, the plan will address how the stochastic analysis code (and the appropriate commercial cost models) will become an element of the technical design and analysis framework, called the Integrated Space Engineering Tool (ISET), currently being developed and used by AFRL/VSE at Kirtland AFB, NM. This will give ISET the capability to be used to direct technology investment during a program's conceptual phase.

GALORATH, INC. 100 North Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 1801 El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 414-3222 Mr. Lee Fischman AF 04-017 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Advanced Cost Model for Space Concepts Development
Abstract:	While suitable estimating methods exist to cost the development and production of space systems planned for the near term, using understood technologies, concepts planned with still-immature technologies (Technology Readiness Level 3) are very difficult to cost. This already poses a significant challenge for advanced concept planning. As the pace of technological change increases, the horizon will continue to contract and concepts may become yet more difficult to cost. Galorath intends to develop a model for costing advanced space concepts containing critical technologies that are at low readiness levels at time of evaluation. The model will be automated except for pre-defined inputs. Potentially, it also will be able to accept customized inputs, reflecting expert knowledge of novel future configurations. The model would ideally be developed as a plug-in to Galorath's SEER-H hardware development and production costing model. This model currently is used to cost near-term space missions, and the SEER-H customer base would be receptive first adopters of this enhancement.

COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC. 2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 664-0394 Dr. Mark S. Lake AF 04-018 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Multi-Continuum Analysis Code for EMC Materials
Abstract:	Composite Technology Development, Inc. proposes to develop a multi-continuum finite element analysis (FEA) code for highly strained EMC materials. The multi-continuum analysis approach will allow extraction of stress and strain fields for the composite matrix and reinforcement fiber, in the course of a routine structural FEA. This will provide energy output predictions for EMC components, and will imporove laminate failure predictions by providing independent stress and strain values for the matrix and fiber.

COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC. 2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 664-0394 Dr. Mark S. Lake AF 04-018 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	TEMBOT EMC Pultruded Longerons for Furlable Truss Booms
Abstract:	Composite Technology Development, Inc. (CTD) proposes to develop a high strength, high stiffness longeron incorporating CTD's TEMBOT Elastic Memory Composite (EMC) material, which could be used as the main structural element in a wide variety of furlable truss boom designs. The proposed longeron provides deployment force and dampening, and functions as the primary load carrying element in the deployed boom. The proposed EMC longeron is mechanically simple, highly reliable, and highly damped during actuation, and provides a high-precision deployment motion and high post-deployment stiffness and strength.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4368 Dr. Peter Warren AF 04-018 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Structural Isogrid/Membrane for Packaging Large Efficient Reflectors (SIMPLER)
Abstract:	The Air Force has a pressing need for large, structurally efficient reflectors for both radar and high bandwidth communication. Because launch volumes are limited, the larger aperture must be volume efficient as well. To meet the stated needs of future DoD missions, the reflectors must be very precise as well as large in diameter. The proposed program will combine ultra-efficient deployable isogrid structures with thin reflecting membranes to form large reflectors with the precise surfaces required for high frequency applications. Foster-Miller isogrid deployable structures have been shown to provide efficiency both in structural support and in packaging for launch. Membrane systems provide smoother surfaces with better electro-magnetic properties than mesh systems and require less tension to maintain their shape. By combining these technologies, the Foster-Miller team will provide the Air Force and other customers with large aperture, high precision reflectors. The Foster-Miller team will develop the Structural Isogrid/Membrane for Packaging Large Efficiency Reflectors (SIMPLER) system through a careful plan of technology transfer, design, modeling, and prototype manufacture and testing. Complete development of this technology will provide the DoD with a reflector system that will enable better, lighter, and less expensive antennae deployed from smaller packaged volumes. (P-040271)

LGARDE, INC. 15181 Woodlawn Avenue Tustin, CA 92780
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 259-0771 Dr. Arthur L. Palisoc AF 04-018 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Light Weight, Low Volume Deployable Antenna Structures
Abstract:	Efficient future space-based military as well as commercial assets require large antenna apertures. These include space-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems such as the SBR (space-based radar). As spacecraft are severely power-limited, aperture is the most important trade space for increased performance. What is needed is a lightweight, low volume antenna structrue that enables an efficient stowage capability. This is where the L'Garde technology of rigidizable composite structures come in. We will carryout a conceptual design for very large, lightweight, low stowed volume deployable antenna support structures for use with electronically-scanned arrays (ESA) as well as other large aperture space applications. We will identify the appropriate RF technologies and spacecraft applications to provide the springboard for the derivation of requirements for candidate large deployable structures. The applications of interest include (but not limited to) communication, ground moving target indicator (GMTI)radar, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as desired for supporting future space-based ISR systems.

SEQUOIA TECHNOLOGIES 5021 Indian School Road, NE, Suite 300 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 232-4300 Dr. Jerry Alcone AF 04-018 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	An Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Approach for Enabling Pointing and Shape Control of Highly Flexible Antenna Structures
Abstract:	This effort investigates an adaptive disturbance rejection approach for improving attitude control performance of spacecraft with large flexible structures. The technique blends adaptive sensor fusion with closed loop adaptive filtering to improve baseline attitude controller performance. The effort focuses on application to systems with large radar structures, to enable lighter more flexible structures to be utilized in future systems. A key contribution in Phase I is a proof-of-concept demonstration of the adaptive disturbance rejection approach and development of a flight experiment concept for the Deployable Structures Experiment (DSX).

INFINERA CORP. 1322 Bordeaux Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 480-3820 Dr. Steve Grubb AF 04-019 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Wavelength-Hopping, Multi-Channel Photonic Integrated Circuit Based Transceivers for Secure, High-Data-Rate Communications in Space
Abstract:	In this project Infinera will create a multi-channel WDM transceiver based on novel photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The transceiver will be designed for the needs of a space-based military communications system, including a novel scheme to provide secure communications together with a strong anti-jam system. Overall satellite optical communication system requirements will be taken into account during the design phase. Phase I will include the design/development of the multi-channel communication link and provide a demonstration of the PIC based devices and novel architectural designs in order to establish the feasibility of the design.

Q PEAK, INC. 135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9535 Mr. Jeffrey Korn AF 04-019 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Spread-Spectrum Secure Optical Communications
Abstract:	In response to the solicitation to develop a Multiband Laser Communication system for space based communications, Q-Peak, Inc. proposes to develop a laser transmitter technology that has significant implications on physical layer security, as well as an impact on the networks architecture. Specifically, we propose to analyze and demonstrate a transmitter using an ultrafast pulse and encode the data stream at various points within the pulse spectrum. This approach will allow frequency-hopping spread spectrum communications that provides protection against unauthorized interception or jamming of the data stream. This type of format will provide a substantial barrier to the nefarious user relative to a more conventional WDM system. Furthermore, the use of an ultrashort pulse is applicable for both multiple access and backbone parts of the free-space satellite network.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. David Gibson AF 04-020 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Radiation-Hard Parallel DSP (RH-PDSP)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop a radiation-hardened, highly efficient, parallel digital signal processor (PDSP) integrated circuit. For non-radiation-hardened applications, CLX is developing a new, revolutionary, highly-efficient, ultra low power signal processor based on its patent pending HyperX,. architecture. The HyperX architecture is exceptionally well-suited to the digital signal processing requirements of Space-Based Radar. Based on simulation studies, including SAR algorithms mapped to it, HyperX processing solutions provide orders of magnitude improvement in computation and energy efficiencies when compared to other current state-of-the-art approaches. Thus, radiation-hardened HyperX processors will provide the performance, programmability, and ultra-low power required for spacecraft applications (fewer solar-cell panels to hoist into orbit). In the Phase I program, Coherent Logix will work with the customer to determine the appropriate algorithms and scenarios to be implemented in an operational prototype solution for Phase II. Throughout the Phase I and Phase II, Coherent Logix will look to partner with leading space computer developers and spacecraft integrators to maximize radiation-hardened applications, to increase unit volume which will drive down costs.

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ARCHITECTURES, INC. 7902 NE St. Johns Rd., Bldg 102 Vancouver, WA 98665
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 573-4084 Mr. Michael Fleming AF 04-020 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Radiation Hardened, Low Power Digital Signal Processors
Abstract:	An overdue standardized and programmable chip level approach will move Space based DSP into ultra-efficient frequency domain vector processing and allow high resolution, high sample rate, and multi-dimensional signal and image processing with minimal power dissipation and minimal software engineering. Current DSP processors take a "business" computing microprocessor architectural approach to DSP, ignoring the complex vector and data flow nature of digital signal processing applications. Our approach centers DSP around a unique multi-dimensional FFT centric structure that scales almost endlessly through cascading identical step and repeat macro library building blocks while maintaining signal precisions of 24 bits binary and beyond. By applying deterministic data flow techniques and a latency insensitive system approach our processors will efficiently maximize the final DSP resolution, precision, and sample rate of any chip geometry required by an application. Additionally, our chips can signal process "stand alone" or look like simple high level instruction set extensions to any host microprocessor, allowing the host to do what it does best simultaneously in parallel with the signal processing.

SEAKR ENGINEERING, INC. 6221 S. Racine Circle Centennial, CO 80111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 784-7736 Mr. Paul Murray AF 04-021 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Light Weight, High Density Space Qualified Bulk Memory
Abstract:	Present space based memory storage system technology cannot accommodate the performance requirements of some future missions. Three critical areas need to be addressed in order to bring the next generation memory system to fruition. These areas are power, storage density, and backplane speed. Present Solid State Recorders (SSR's), which are presently the de facto standard for space memory systems, generally uses large arrays of SDRAM memories with a shared bus backplane architecture. These systems are ideal in terms of cost, reliability, and modularity. Commercial SDRAM technology is cost effective and readily available. Shared buses allow flexible modular configurations with simple protocols, and single point failure immune systems with graceful degradation of the memory array provides tremendous reliability. Unfortunately, these technologies do not support the performance required for next generation systems. This proposal develops a modified system architecture that uses high speed network interfaces to provide a modular, flexible, and memory independent system architecture. Memory and stacking technologies will be investigated and network based memory boards based on the selected memory technology will be designed.

SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.(SPEC) 101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Joe Priest AF 04-021 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Development of a Hyper Memory System
Abstract:	As Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance systems continue to be developed with increased capabilities, the amount of data to be processed and stored becomes a growing concern. Likewise, disseminating the volumes of data for interpretation by the user becomes increasingly difficult. A need exists for an integrated processing and storage system that will allow on-board data processing to effectively "filter" the data that is eventually sent to the user. Likewise, a system with increased memory capacity is required to allow more data to be captured and processed before down linking to the user. This system should be low power, maximize memory density (Gbytes/in3) and be extremely lightweight. Of course, for such a system, reliability is a number one concern. For space based operations, the system must be space radiation hardened and implement appropriate error detection and correction to efficiently correct for radiation induced errors. Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) is in a unique position to propose an extremely innovative solution to this problem by leveraging our on-going, leading edge data acquisition, storage, and System on Chip (SoC) activities to develop an integrated data processing and storage system to develop the Hyper-Memory System (HMS), proposed herein.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. James D. Trolinger AF 04-022 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Advanced, Integrated Multi-Sensor System for Space Situation Awareness (AIMS for SSA)
Abstract:	This is a Phase I SBIR proposal to develop an advanced, integrated multi-sensor system for application in space situation awareness. The proposed system integrates laser tracking technology with advanced/emerging visible imaging and infrared search and track and radar technologies to produce an integrated multi-sensor system for space object detection, tracking, characterization, discrimination and event detection. Radio frequency radar can provide the initial state vector and cueing information, which is further enhanced with other sensor information as it becomes available. Because this system will use active imaging technology, it can operate in both day and night and for "dark pass" tracking of satellites through the Earth's shadow. Additionally, active illumination provides a means for optical signal gating, which can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in an acquired image. The system will also operate with several different illumination wavelengths simultaneously to acquire high-quality multi-spectral images of space objects, including data that can be strongly diagnostic of the composition of target objects and aiding in identifying them. The resulting ability to improve the diagnostic quality of such images by exploiting the entire data set will greatly enhance the capabilities of present imaging systems.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-3343 Mr. Frank Traut AF 04-023 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	High-Efficiency Phased -Array Antenna Power Amplifier Modules
Abstract:	The power dissipation in amplifiers becomes a practical limit to the transmitter output power. One critical design goal for T/R modules, therefore, is maximization of the power-added efficiency (PAE) of the transmitter power amplifier. As more sophisticated modulation waveforms are introduced, however, power amplifiers in (or near) saturation introduce non-linear distortion of the signal in the form of amplitude and phase distortion and accompanying spectrum spreading and growth of unwanted side bands. In space-based systems, those limited assets available in space must be utilized to the maximum benefit, and it becomes necessary to contemplate the use of radar systems for multiple applications using multiples of carriers. As the prospect of using space-based assets for expanded applications with more than one carrier materializes, it becomes imperative to develop practical methods of reducing non-linear distortion and associated efficiency problems in power amplifiers. This proposal is addressed to those requirements, and novel circuit techniques such as pre-distortion circuits and the Doherty type amplifier circuits aimed at reduction of signal distortion and efficiency enhancement of power amplifiers are described.

Q-DOT, INC. 1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 590-1112 Mr. Christopher E. Hay AF 04-023 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	7 GHz SiGe High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Module (PAM) for Phased Arrays (9662)
Abstract:	Q-DOT proposes to develop a SiGe Power Amplifier RFIC with high efficiency and high linearity for use in the 7 GHz downlink multiple-beam antenna (MBA) on the Transformational Satellite (TSAT). The power amplifier will provide a minimum linear output power of 500 mW at 7 GHz, with an ultimate goal of 1 W. Design techniques will be implemented to simultaneously maintain a high average power-added efficiency (PAE) and low IMD while operating with multiple carriers to meet the requirements of the 7 GHz MBA. The power amplifier will be implemented in IBM's advanced SiGe BiCMOS technology to maximize integration onto a single chip. This will reduce the size and weight of the power amplifier, as well as improve its reliability. During Phase I, an assessment of the RF output power and PAE capability for a power amplifier developed in IBM's SiGe will be performed. Architectures for increasing average power-added efficiency and linearity will also be developed, resulting in the conceptual design for the complete power amplifier. In Phase II, the power amplifier will be realized in SiGe BiCMOS, and then tailored to additional military and/or commercial applications in Phase III.

PLANET EARTH COMMUNICATIONS 1983 San Luis Ave. #31 Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 965-7456 Mr. Michael J. Maybell AF 04-024 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Multi-Beam Phased-Array Antenna Beamformers
Abstract:	A Novel Multibeam Phased Array Beamformer technology development is described suitable for Transformational Communications applications. The beamformer will be designed for Advanced EHF satellite downlink and uplink payloads and create many simultaneous high gain pencil beams feeding a planar array of 2,000 or more elements from geostationary earth orbit. The beamformer uses row and column two dimensional Rotman lens stacks feeding sub arrays of contiguous more closely spaced elements. Radiating sub array elements each have phase shifters for beam fine steering and shaping within the equilateral triangular beam lattice of the Rotman lens stacks capable of covering the entire 17.4§ earth disc. The sub arrays are arranged in a triangular (hexagonal) element lattice to minimize the number of elements and hence passive and active components needed. The Rotman lens stacks themselves feed the sub arrays directly through each of their array ports. At each beam port of the Rotman lens stack, a narrow pencil beam is formed that has frequency independent beam pointing angle due to the true time delay nature of the Rotman lens phase excitation creation. Within each of these beams, the sub array phase shifters provide fine steering.

SARASWATI ASSOC. 1291 E Hillsdale Blvd, Suite 305 Foster City, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 288-8070 Mr. James Coward AF 04-024 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Multi-Beam Phased-Array Antenna Beamformers
Abstract:	Saraswati Associates is pleased to submit the following Phase I proposal. In this proposal we present our approach to develop technology for very large phased array antennas with many simultaneous beams and flexible wide bandwidth operation. Saraswati has developed the innovative CORONA beam forming concept under a DARPA Phase 1 SBIR contract). The CORONA system is very efficient for very large wide bandwidth phased array antennas because it scales with the square root of the number of elements whereas other concepts scale with either linearly with the number of elements or even the square of the number of elements. We have completed key risk reduction laboratory evaluations in a Phase 1A program and currently are in negotiations for the Phase II effort to develop the key elements of the basic beamformer. The basic CORONA beam forming architecture supports 4 simultaneous beams in X band. Also, in the basic CORONA system, the 4 beams have identical properties (eg. beamwidth, bandwidth, waveform, etc.). We propose to investigate enhancements to the CORONA architecture that allows for a high number of multiple beams (~16) with a flexible wide range of independent control of the beam properties: . Independent simultaneous waveforms for GMTI, AMTI, and acquisition . Independent control of bandwidth and center frequency . Independent control of beamshape and scan/track parameters . Multi-band operation Increasing the number of beams usually scales the beamformer linearly with the number of beams. Because CORONA scales as the square root it is well suited for multi-beam operation. We will utilize the analytic models and computer simulations that we have developed to design a flexible Multi-Beam CORONA (MB-CORONA) concept to have the above capabilities. The models include: Beam properties Bandiwdith and frequency response properties Main lobe beamwidth and gain Sidelobe performance Dynamic range Individual link performance Full scale antenna performance Phase control and time delay allocation budgets Allocation models down to individual components Size, weight, and power (SWAP) models Roll-ups for complete beamformer SWAP performance

B & B CONSULTING 9713 West Long Drive Littleton, CO 80123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 548-6109 Dr. Bernie Carpenter AF 04-025 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Novel Methods to Improve Efficiency of Copper-Indium-Gallium-diSelenide Solar Cells
Abstract:	Diverse mission requirements and advanced capabilities from defense spacecraft are placing demands on power subsystems beyond that which can be delivered by current state of the art solar arrays. Although cell level specific power has increased, similar advancement is necessary in the deployment system to take full advantage of future high power arrays. State of the practice systems have specific power values of 80 watts/kg or less, more advanced arrays have increased this value as high as 150 watts/kg. The proposed system is expected to be greater than 200 watts/kg based on 7% efficient cells deposited on thin stainless steel substrates. In addition, flexible structures combined with thin film absorbers reduce stowage volume requirements enabling power levels greater than 17kwatts (conventional arrays are limited to this level by the payload fairing envelop). Two-dimensional structures such as this are preferred over 3-D concepts as they offer an order of magnitude improvement in packaging. Our proposed array shown in offers scalability to 40kwatts, is based on cost effective subcomponents and can be ground tested multiple times without deployment device refurbishment.

INTERPHASES RESEARCH 166 N Moorpark Rd, Suite 204 Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 497-2677 Dr. Shalini Menezes AF 04-025 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Engineering the Defects in CIGS films to Enhance Photovoltaic Efficiency
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project addresses Air Force requirements for lightweight, flexible, photovoltaic arrays for high specific power in space. Photovoltaic devices based on copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) coated metal foil promise low cost, lightweight, high reliability and radiation hardness. But certain critical performance, processing, size and cost issues remain unresolved. This project will devise a single chemical processing step to reconfigure the deep defects in CIGS films. This processing step could potentially enhance the device performance, reduce air sensitivity and replace the hazardous processes used in state-of-the-art CIGS modules. Phase I will develop a surface engineering step to manipulate the CIGS defect density. Photocurrent and spectral response of modified CIGS films and devices will demonstrate proof-of-concept. The treatment step will use a remarkably simple but ingenious aqueous solution dip at room temperature. This step will precisely correct the defects that cause efficiency losses in defective or damaged CIGS films without etching off the material or depositing toxic cadmium sulfide buffer. It will be designed for easy and inexpensive implementation into existing CIGS photovoltaic manufacturing line.

ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 8130 Shaffer Pkwy Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 285-5198 Dr. Garth Jensen AF 04-025 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Defect Passivation for Production-Quality and High-Bandgap CIGS and CIAS Solar Cells
Abstract:	A major factor that detracts from the many advantages offered by thin-film flexible CIGS PV for non-terrestrial applications is that it currently provides substantially lower solar conversion efficiencies than crystalline PV technology. While CIGS device efficiencies exceeding 19% have been produced in the laboratory, efficiencies of devices produced in large-scale production have been substantially lower. Recent work has identified the presence of electronic atomic-level defects in the CIGS material as a primary factor responsible for the gap between laboratory and production efficiencies. Also, the drop-off in efficiencies with increasing bandgap has been attributed to a higher density of defects serving as recombination centers or a higher sensitivity to such defects. Such defects must be eliminated or passivated to achieve the potential of CIGS technology. While all manufactures of CIGS have put considerable effort into minimizing formation of defects through optimizing process parameters, another approach to controlling defects is to "passivate" them by adding constituents that eliminate their electronic activity or alter it in a way that reduces the detrimental effect. ITN Energy Systems, Inc. proposes to conduct a thorough study of defects and potential defect passivation methods in production-quality CIGS and high-bandgap CIGS and CIAS (copper-indium-aluminum-diselenide).

DYMAS RESEARCH, INC. 2910 Fox Run Dr. Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 865-1103 Dr. Wei Hu AF 04-026 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	A high-performance phase shifter for phased array antenna
Abstract:	Recently, expanding wireless communication systems have presented new challenges to design and produce high quality miniature tunable phase shifters with low cost. Dymas Research proposes a novel RF phase shifter fabricated on high-performance ferreelectric films to provide tunability for adaptive microwave devices. This tunable microwave device has the advantage of achieving frequency or phase tunability as well as small size. It is expected that the proposed structure will be attractive for developing miniature tunable microwave devices with fully planar fabrication technology. This is especially of benefit to monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and growing microwave superconductive circuits.

PEREGRINE SEMICONDUCTOR CORP. 6175 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 455-0660 Dr. Ron Reedy AF 04-026 Awarded: 15APR04
Title:	Multifunctional Phased Array Antenna Modules
Abstract:	The project will enable flexible use of the highest performance active devices such as PHEMT and HBT GaAs or InP by means of a novel chip-on-chip (COC) flip-chip integration technique. The project will include design;