| FUNCTIONAL COATING TECHNOLOGY, LLC.
1801 Maple Ave. suite 5320 Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 903-2378
Dr. Yi Jiang MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Power Density Regenerative Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell |
| Abstract: | Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have several fundamental advantages over low temperature fuel cells for potential applications as power storage systems used at high altitudes or in space. These advantages include high power density, high hydrogen production rate, high round-trip efficiency, and long life-cycle. These advantages can lead to a substantially smaller (both weight and volume) system compared with the current regenerative power storage technology based on polymer membrane electrolyte fuel cells. We have recently demonstrated that our high-performance SOFCs work very well in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The proposed work is to develop high power density regenerative solid oxide fuel cells based on a novel stack design and using modified SOFC electrodes. The novel design combines the key advantages of both tubular and planar SOFCs, thus potentially allowing for development of simple robust regenerative solid oxide fuel cell systems that can produce pressurized hydrogen and oxygen. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
Suite 102, 201 Circle Drive North Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 302-9274
Dr. Nick M. Sbrockey MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Laser Based Wireless Power Transmission System for High Altitude Airships |
| Abstract: | Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI) proposes to develop a wireless power transmission system for the high altitude airship. The system will use a ground-based high power laser and photovoltaic receivers on the airship. Wireless power transmission has the potential for highly reliable, light weight power delivery to the airship. Power densities greater than 10 kilowatts per kilogram are possible. The wireless power transmission system could provide supplemental power to the airship during periods of high power demand or limited solar power availability. In this SBIR Phase I effort, we will work with the HAA prime contractors to demonstrate technical feasibility of the power transmission system. We will establish the system specifications and design a first generation prototype. In Phase II, we will build, test and deliver a wireless power transmission prototype, which can be mounted on a high altitude airship. In Phase III, we will supply wireless power transmission systems for the HAA as well as other military and space applications. |
| US NANOCORP, INC.
74 Batterson Park Road Farmington, CT 06032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 678-7561
Dr. Jinxiang Dai MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Li-Air Cells with Ensured Safety and Prolonged Shelf-Life Using an Oxygen Selective Membrane Cathode |
| Abstract: | High performance lightweight energy production and storage technologies are needed to supplement or service as the primary power systems for high altitude airships in order to sustain long-term flight schedules. To address MDA~{!/~}s needs, US Nanocorp proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating a Li-air battery with a special air electrode for lightweight power source application with ensured safety and prolonged service time. Li-air batteries utilizing a non-aqueous electrolyte are capable of delivering extremely high energy, in excess of 3500 Wh/kg based on the mass of the carbon content of the air electrode. However, safety and cycle-life problems limit the application of the Li-air system. The basic causes of safety and cycle-life problems are from moisture attacking on lithium anode and nonaqueous electrolytes. US Nanocorp~{!/~}s solution to these problems is to use an oxygen selective membrane (~{!0~}OSM~{!1~}) permeable to oxygen but impermeable to moisture in air. This OSM will substitute the air diffusion layer as an oxygen accessing element in an air cathode, being totally resistant to moisture diffusion and allow electrolyte and lithium metal anode to be free of attacking from moisture in air. This Li-air battery system can be further developed into both military and civilian applications. |
| GINER, INC.
89 Rumford Avenue Newton, MA 02466 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 529-0536
Mr. Matthew Steinbroner MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Pressure, Fuel Cell Flow-Field Design Solution for High-Altitude Airships (HAA) |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of the Phase I program is the design of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell flow field amenable to water ejection from the active area of a fuel cell operating at elevated pressures. Elevated-pressure operation of hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells has many potential benefits for round-trip efficiency and energy utilization in applications such as high-altitude airships. Flow fields for hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells have not been designed for water management in an elevated-pressure operation regime, and design of this type of flow field has the possibility of generating more efficient and lighter weight regenerative fuel cell systems. In Phase I, the effectiveness of a flow field designed specifically for a hydrogen / oxygen proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for high-pressure (400 psi) operation will be demonstrated. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING COR
101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Dr. Burt Fowler MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Altitude Airship Rechargeable MEMS Fuel Cell |
| Abstract: | SPEC offers lightweight, compact MEMS fuel cell for regenerative energy storage applications in HAA station keeping and operation above 65,000 feet MSL. More than one modular 10 KW unit is envisioned for the HAA. Modular unit provides 10KW at high efficiency, 60 KW peak in fuel cell mode, and absorbs 14 KW at high efficiency , 100 KW peak operation in electrolyzer mode. Innovative MEMS fuel cell backing plate approach gives stack sizes 10x smaller (210ŸY/cell) than traditional PEM fuel cells allowing proportional savings in weight per cell area. Lightweight per cell area supports optimal system weight savings (5 to 10x the fuel cell weight) through increased operational efficiency (area) trades for solar panel and fuel weight. Precision MEMS approach allows precise liquid/air interface control giving PEM hydration control in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes for maximum efficiency and power output. Precise liquid/air interface and distribution eliminates auxiliary equipment and control systems. Integral nanotube catalyst support, grown on MEMS plates, gives minimal heat and electrical impedance, maximizing power output capability and efficiency. MEMS backing plates replace the flow field plate, gas diffusion layer and catalyst support with precision micro feature control and high producability of semiconductor processing. |
| TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, INC.
9718 Lake Shore Blvd. Cleveland, OH 44108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 995-9500
Dr. Robert C. Ruhl MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Weight-Reduced Regenerative Fuel Cell Solutions for High Altitude Airships (HAA) |
| Abstract: | High altitude airships (HAA) are viewed as an important potential strategic tool for improving homeland security. HAAs would provide long-term, high altitude stationary platforms for surveillance, telecommunications, and other functions. To supplement photovoltaic arrays, which can provide power during the daylight hours, energy storage is necessary for nighttime operation of the on-board mission loads, hotel loads, and propulsion systems. Technology Management, Inc. (TMI) proposes to investigate and then develop a lighter, more efficient regenerative fuel cell energy storage system based on TMI's reversible solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer technology. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Mr. Greg A. Karst MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Encapsulation Coatings for Thin Film Photovoltaics |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group (CRG) proposes to develop and evaluate a novel encapsulation coating that protects thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells for the High Altitude Airship (HAA). The High Altitude Airship (HAA) is an unmanned, powered airship that is currently being developed to maintain a relative geostationary position at 65,000-70,000 feet. It is powered by regenerative fuel cells coupled with thin film PV or solar cells. These next-generation power generators will allow the HAA to stay on station for months or years at a time. Current state-of-the-art thin film PV cells need to be protected from the harsh conditions of the atmosphere in which the HAA operates. CRG proposes to develop a protective coating that will encapsulate the PV cells and protect them from atomic oxygen, ozone, and UV radiation degradation, while maintaining the efficiency of the PV cell. CRG's demonstrated expertise in materials and fabrication process technologies presents MDA with the opportunity to obtain a revolutionary improvement in photovoltaics. The combination of our experience in application-based optics and polymer research offers a unique combination of skills and experience to solve this problem. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems-Akron and Uni-Solar support CRG's innovative approach to addressing the needs of the HAA. |
| HELIOVOLT CORP.
1101 S. Capital of Texas Hwy S Austin, TX 78746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 925-1810
Dr. Billy J. Stanbery MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | FASST(tm) Synthesis of CIGS for Flexible Solar Modules |
| Abstract: | Very lightweight, high efficiency, flexible, and durable photovoltaic (PV) arrays are needed to generate electric power for high-altitude airships. Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) has been identified as the thin-film photovoltaic material that can meet or exceed these stringent requirements, but current processing methods cannot provide the combination of high efficiency, light weight, and flexibility that are needed for airships. HelioVolt has developed a revolutionary process to synthesize CIGS that can overcome the limitations of the conventional processes and excel at both capability and low cost. We call the process FASST(tm), in part because of its speed. Using our advanced CIGS materials model and a new device model, we will determine how this process can be applied to the Airship PV application, and what levels of performance can be expected from the resulting PV arrays. HelioVolt proposes to develop the FASST(tm) CIGS synthesis process on flexible substrates to produce high efficiency, lightweight, CIGS modules. In Phase I, we will demonstrate the feasibility of the FASST(tm) process for Airship applications, using our advanced CIGS model. In Phase 2, we will use this process to fabricate efficient, large-area CIGS solar cells on metal foil or polyimide film. |
| INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ELECTRIC TECHNO
8635 Aviation Blvd. UNIT#E Inglewood, CA 90301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-4427
Dr. Vijay K. Kapur MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thin Film Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Photovoltaic Arrays for High Altitude Airships (HAA) on Lightweight and Flexible Ceramic Substrates |
| Abstract: | We propose to fabricate high efficiency CIGS solar cells on lightweight and flexible ceramic substrates using ISET's patented ink-based process. The project has the potential to achieve AM0 solar cell efficiency about 11% and specific power density in the range of 1300 to 1500 watts/kg. The success of this process will have a beneficial impact on both the high altitute airship and terrestrial solar power markets. |
| LIGHTNING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10 Downing Industrial Parkway Pittsfield, MA 01201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 499-2135
Mr. Andy Plumer MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightning and EM Hazards Protection Designs for Photovoltaic Arrays on HAA Platforms |
| Abstract: | Provide atmospheric electrical hazards risk mitigation and protection design methodology for large airships. Fill in gaps in existing protection design technology. Enable HAA's to be launched and recovered in a wider variety of weather conditions, and to operate successfully over thunderstorms. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Somesh Mukherjee MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Highly Efficient Thin Film Photovoltaic for High Altitude Airships(1000-428) |
| Abstract: | Missile defense systems use high altitude airships (HAA) that needs power source for altitudes of 65,000 feet and more. High efficiency lightweight thin film photovoltaics arrays are ideal candidates for fulfilling this requirement. However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome to produce this thin photovoltaic for space power applications. During Phase I, Triton Systems Inc. proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of developing high efficiency thin Photovoltaics arrays based on Copper Indium galliun Di-Selenide (CIGS) solar cell. In order to overcome the challenges of cost effectiveness and higher efficiency CIGS, Triton will employ a proprietary method to produce a high-temperature capable, lightweight substrate(s) suitable for monolithic integration.Trition will conduct trade studies with these substrates and further compare the cost effectiveness of this approach to the other alternative solar cells. During Phase II, we will develop large area thin film solar cell technology based on Phase I data. |
| AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1032
Mr. Bob Minelli MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Adaptive Propeller for HALE Applications |
| Abstract: | Significant improvements in propulsion systems are necessary in order to support high altitude, long endurance (HALE) missions for airships and UAV's. One of the critical components of the propulsion system is the propeller. The proposed research will demonstrate the feasibility of producing large diameter light weight adaptive propellers from launch through long duration station keeping in a variety of environmental conditions. The proposed aqpproach will provide a significant reduction in rotating mass as well as offer the benefit of being able to adapt the foil shape and twist in addition to angle of attack to improve the performance through the full flight envelope. |
| INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, I
10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 852-5033
Mr. James H. Boschma MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Cycloidal Aero-Propulsion System (ACAPS) |
| Abstract: | This proposal provides research and assessment of the Cycloidal Propeller for stratospheric airship operations. This effort will include design and simulation of a propeller system sized for the stratospheric airship, assessment of materials, their performance, reliability for long-endurance operations, and weight impact as compared with prior material types. Subscale validation experiments to corroborate aerodynamic performance model results will be performed. We will assess performance and applications of Cycloidal Propellers across the range of operating environments and temperature extremes that could be encountered during long-duration flight. Cycloidal Propellers have a unique ability to convert low-velocity, high-volume fluid flow into useful, efficient thrust. It is about 99% volumetrically efficient and offers higher levels of thrust per power input than conventional propeller types. The high efficiency reduces the demands for power, fuel weight or solar cell quantity on a stratospheric airship. It is highly responsive to motion control commands, and has the ability to vector thrust in any direction (perpendicular to its axis of rotation) almost immediately, providing unprecedented levels of maneuverability and station-keeping. It is well suited to hold an airship in a fixed position, both vertically and horizontally, and for maneuvering an airship for launch, recovery, docking and ground handling. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. James Burnett MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Wires for HAA(1000-430) |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems Inc. proposes to develop a casting process to fabricate high performance fiber reinforced structural wire for the High Altitude Airship. The proposed Integrated Product Team (IPT) team will consist of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company (LMAC) and Triton's metal matrix composite product development team. The metal matrix wire will be low cost, high strength (near 400ksi) and high stiffness (over 40msi), with a density of 2.2g/cc that represents a significant improvement over wires currently available. The High Altitude Airship has a requirement for sustained flights of at least one-year duration. This means that every component in the structure must be very lightweight. To meet this light weight requirement, airships in general have used light frames with highly loaded wire rope for structural bracing. The proposed fiber reinforced structural wire is expected to reduce the total weight of wire rope by over 50% versus steel. This program has been conceived to fabricate and move directly into production of fiber reinforced wire for the High altitude Airship Applications. |
| ACULIGHT CORP.
11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Dr. Angus Henderson MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Space Qualifiable Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | The MDA and other elements of the Department of Defense (DoD) have multiple applications for high power laser sources, including deployment in space where power, size, weight and refueling logistics are issues. Applications include acquisition and identification of missiles or other threats, tracking and destruction of such threats, decoy rejection, and defeat of enemy electro-optic sensors. High Energy Lasers (HEL) offer the potential to maintain asymmetric technological edge over adversaries for the foreseeable future. Conventional diode pumped solid-state lasers for this application suffer from single point failures, severe thermal induced distortion, modest efficiency and severe cooling requirements. Fiber lasers offer solutions to all of these limitations, but must use beam combination to reach mission average power levels. Aculight proposes the merger of a new (non coherent) beam combining approach and advanced large mode area (LMA) fiber laser technology as a power-scaleable solution to meet the demanding MDA requirements. Ongoing work at Aculight has shown that higher average power and reduced nonlinear parasitics are an advantage obtained from large mode area (LMA) fibers in beam combined approaches. Recent advances in LMA fibers offer an additional level of improvement in tailoring the fiber characteristics for system optimization. This Phase I work will characterize and demonstrate the potential of these fibers in an architecture with scalability to the 10-100 kW level. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Bert Callicoatt MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Space Qualifiable Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | High average power lasers are necessary for space-based missions such as long-range sensing and directed energy weapons. Such long-range sensors typically require kW-class power with low intensity noise, diffraction limited beam quality, and high efficiency. In order to meet these and other requirements, CTI is pursuing an innovative laser technology to kW-class average power with new levels of spatial coherence, high electrical-to-optical efficiency, pulsed or CW operation, and controllable spectral and temporal coherence for direct/coherent detection transceivers. The primary challenges for space qualification of this and other solid-state laser technology have been reducing prime power consumption and mass while maintaining performance and reliability. The proposed technology development breaks new ground in thermal management and optical systems design by building upon recently demonstrated breakthrough laser architecture. The architecture utilizes 2-D optical transport and 1-D thermal transport coupled to next-generation innovative adaptations of compact, high performance 2-phase cooling. Phase I delivers primary and alternate engineering designs with a comprehensive risk burn-down plan for a space-based kW-class laser system. Phase 2 will deliver a sub-scale demonstration unit providing functional evidence of the technology for space-qualification. CTI's extensive flight qualified laser experience and the heritage of our teammate Swales Aerospace in space-qualified thermal design/payload packaging, brings significant leverage to the program. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARC
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. Ching-Fong Chen MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight, High Thermal Conductivity Materials for Thermal Management Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop a lightweight, high thermal conductivity material with a tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion for laser technology components leading to higher power lasers. In high performance electronics, packaging is the limiting factor in electrical circuit efficiency. Specifically, thermal management, along with reliability and the trend toward miniaturization, are essential factors in successful electronic design. In addition, the trend toward lightweight packaging is getting more and more attention due to portable handheld devices and space applications. With both the increasing density of components and the increasing power from these components, thermal management materials having high thermal conductivity are needed. Without efficient heat dissipation, the increased laser operating temperatures would lead to increased component failure rates. This program proposes an innovative material that has a thermal conductivity greater than 800 W/møK, CTE that matches Si and GaAs, and still remains cost effective. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rin MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thermal Management for Space Based High Energy Lasers |
| Abstract: | In the proposed SBIR effort RTI will investigate an innovative cooling approach to dissipate the high heat fluxes generated by diode-pumped solid-state laser (SSL) systems. SSL systems require efficient heat transfer techniques that are capable of managing high heat fluxes and high transient loads (laser "on" vs laser "off"). Existing water-based micro-channel cooling technology is not suited for deployment of high-power SSL's in space due to high system weight. Existing space-qualified heat pipe cooling technologies are not capable of handling the heat fluxes of 100-350W/cm2 generated by the laser diodes. RTI's cooling approach dissipates the high heat flux with Evaporative Spray Cooling (ESC) technology and transports the heat via a pump loop to a thermal energy storage (TES) unit featuring enhanced phase change material encapsulated in a porous graphite matrix. TES is the key technology that enables a laser operating heat load an order of magnitude greater than the ultimate heat rejection rate to space. RTI will perform sub-scale demonstrations to determine feasibility, and provide a conceptual design for a 1kWo SSL system with traceability to a 100kWo system. If shown to be feasible, the proposed cooling techniques can provide high heat flux thermal management to space based solid-state lasers with acceptable weight impacts to the spacecraft. |
| SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC.
15 WARD STREET SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 547-1122
Dr. RODNEY PETR MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-Compact Solid-State Driver Technology for Improving the Performance & Lifetime of Laser Diode/Diode Arrays Operating at High Power |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project will develop novel solid-state drivers with integrated fault-mode protection for driving laser diode arrays at very high power with improved reliability and long life. Current filamentation in laser diodes is a primary failure mechanism at the elevated power levels required by High Energy Lasers (HELs) and laser weapons. Eliminating current filamentation with advanced power electronics is essential to improving diode array performance and reliability. SRL will develop diagnostics to monitor laser diode performance and detect the on-set of current filamentation in diode arrays. Driver electronics can then rapidly change electrical power, and preserve the operating capability of diode arrays, without the loss of average output optical power. This technology program is focused on developing a compact and lightweight diode driver that leads directly to longer life, higher beam quality, higher efficiency, and lower cost-of-ownership for high power diode arrays, when employed for a broad range of both tactical and strategic military missions. These missions range from tactical (theater) missile defense, to defense of aircraft, to defense against ballistic missiles from space-, ground-, and sea-based platforms. At lower power, this modular technology will also impact lower power applications such as laser range-finders and target designators. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Shawn D. Wehe MDA 04-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Micro-Scale Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I SBIR, the team of Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) propose to develop the design for and perform key feasibility tests for a micro-scale chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The design is based upon micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and will be verified by using ultra-sensitive optical diagnostics. This microCOIL has the potential for high efficiency and a size and weight nearly an order of magnitude smaller than conventional COIL devices. The design developed in Phase I will be fabricated and tested in Phase II. The Phase II device would integrate a singlet oxygen generator, an iodine injector, an optical cavity, and diagnostics into a single microCOIL device. The goal at the end of the Phase II Program is to have demonstrated small signal gain on a single microCOIL element. This will prove the viability of a scaled, multi-element device that will be built as part of a Phase III program. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rini MDA 04-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Micro-Scale Nozzle Technology Used in a Compact Thermal Management System for Solid-State Lasers |
| Abstract: | Solid-state lasers (SSL's) are the most likely near term lasers that can be considered for deployment on space-based platforms. These electric laser systems pose unique challenges in that the cooling system must dissipate heat loads that are often ten times greater than the laser output, with high heat fluxes over large surface areas and limited heat rejection. Existing water-based micro-channel cooling technology requires large coolant flow rates and high pressure heads, leading to heavy and bulky thermal management systems that are not suited for deployment in space, and existing space qualified heat pipe cooling technologies are not capable of handling the heat fluxes of 100-350 W/cm2 generated by the laser diodes. In this effort Rini Technologies, Inc. proposes an innovative evaporative spray cooling (ESC) technique that will reduce the mass and volume of SSL cooling systems in space. The ESC system utilizes unique micro-nozzle arrays can dissipate the high heat fluxes generated by the laser diodes with substantially lower coolant flow rates and reduced pressure drops compared to micro-channel cooling techniques. If shown to be feasible, the proposed micro-nozzle ESC system can provide high heat flux thermal control to space based SSL's with acceptable weight impacts to the spacecraft increasing the laser power-to-mass and laser power-to-volume ratios. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
800 West 14th Street, Suite 11 Rolla, MO 65401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(573) 341-4675
Dr. Ming Xin MDA 04-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | A recently developed nonlinear controller(developed by the PI and the project consultant) called the theta-D method is the centerpiece around which an Integrated Guidance and Control scheme and a nonlinear filter technique are built to enhance the lethality of kinetic kill interceptors and offer means to increase the maneuver ratio advantage. Objectives of this proposal include development of a six-degrees of freedom based Integral Guidance and Control scheme that brings the guidance and control objective into one fold. Main concerns of kinetic kill vehicles like maximization of velocity at impact can be treated with variable cost functions that could include guidance and control for minimum drag. A novel nonlinear filter is proposed to be used to improve the accuracy of the target estimates. Various spiraling and weaving target scenarios will be used to evaluate the algorithms proposed to be used |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 423-8607
Mr. Harvey Gratt MDA 04-008 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposal is to develop and extend to 6-DOF missile-target engagement and dynamic models of the integrated guidance-control and filtering-target-missile state estimation algorithms to achieve the hit-to-kill accuracy against targets performing evasive maneuvers, including spiraling motion. In order to validate the performance of the sliding mode control (SMC) observers and robust-to-noise differentiators for the purpose of computing feedback command of the proposed integrated guidance/control system, the homing loop will be simulated in a software-hardware test bed. |
| SYSENSE CORP.
3660 West Temple Avenue, Suite Pomona, CA 91768 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 869-3278
Dr. Jason L. Speyer MDA 04-008 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | In this proposal, we proposed to develop and implement a new, advanced homing missile guidance algorithm for kinetic kill interceptors against advanced maneuvering threats. Rather than estimate target motion or develop a filter on assumed strategy of the adversary, SySense suggests that a filter be constructed so that the dynamic effect of the target in the direction of the target acceleration is blocked. In effect, this requires the filter to process with zero memory its measurements in a subspace associated with the target acceleration direction. From the state estimates of this filter, the guidance laws obtained by game theory can be used. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 434-6392
Dr. Ranji Vaidyanathan MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small low-cost energetic components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | In this phase I SBIR program, Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc. (ACR) proposes the development of an innovative manufacturing technique for combination of energetic materials that can be manufactured into lightweight, fine-featured structural components for the DACS systems to enhance the lethality of a miniature kill vehicle. The proposed technique will leverage ACR's experience with gel-casting slurries into fine-featured molds. ACR will blend energetic materials and cast components of different sizes suitable for the miniature kill vehicle designs. These parts will have a porosity of 20-30% with the porosity increasing to 40-50% after the binder burnout phase. This porosity will then be infiltrated with a low melting temperature metal providing structural strength. This reaction would increase the lethality of the miniature kill vehicles by at least 50-75%. The advantage of this approach is that any of the DACS that are not fired would contribute to the enhanced lethality that is being planned to be achieved with miniature DACS systems. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4125
Mr. Uday Kashalikar MDA 04-009 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Lightweight and Dimensionally Stable MKV Optical Structures |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller will demonstrate technology to produce lightweight and dimensionally stable components for MKV optics structures. We have previously demonstrated the relevant fabrication process as well as materials with excellent specific stiffness and low CTE as needed to produce dimensionally stable components. Additionally, we have teamed up with an appropriate defense prime contractor for development and commercialization of this technology. The proposed manufacturing process is well suited to produce small, intricate shaped MKV optics structures at an affordable cost. During Phase I, Foster-Miller will produce and test key specimens to conclusively prove applicability of the technology for MKV optical structures. The follow-on Phase II program will demonstrate repeatability in performance and cost effectiveness of full-scale MKV optics structures. (P-040274) |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos MDA 04-009 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this program is to investigate the insertion of reactive materials into the MKV program in order to achieve weight/cost reduction while maintaining enhanced lethality effectiveness. Several materials synthesis techniques are proposed as well as key property characterization measurements. In addition close technical interaction with the prime MKV contractor is intended in order to identify (a) key experimental evaluation and (b) best method of technology insertion into the MKV hardware program. |
| INNOVATIVE BUSINESSS SOLUTIONS, INC.
301 Concourse Boulevard, Suite 120 Glen Allen, VA 23059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 812-5555
Mr. Greg Sjoquist MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | Several concepts for miniature interceptors have been considered by various agencies of the United States Missile Defense community. Many new and innovative technologies are required to be developed to address the many unique problems faced when attempting to create an integrated system that is capable of autonomous fly out to an end point target. One common aspect for all concepts under consideration in a miniaturized kill vehicle is the avionics and electronics suite. Significant size, power and weight constraints exist in order to realize a miniature kill vehicle interceptor that has a mass of 2.0 kilograms or less. Phase I objective will be focused on the study and definition of a low cost, reliable advanced processor module. This module is based on state of the art high density FPGAs and the associated embedded processors as well as advanced PWB/PWA manufacturing techniques providing the level of integration required. IBSi has successfully designed and manufactured a miniature processor node for MDA Advanced System that is a key part in the concept design for the Miniature Kill Vehicle program at Lockheed Martin Missile and Fire Control in Dallas, TX. By combining the highly integrated avionics and processor module with the front end (FPA) sensor directly, a single module will be realized. This "Miniature Integrated Processor and Avionics Node (MIPAN) for Miniature Kill Vehicle" will capture real time target image information, process the image information, integrate the vehicle navigation solution from appropriate MEMS inertial measurement unit, calculate the required interceptor trajectory and fire appropriate DAC commands to achieve a hit to kill intercept. |
| MICROASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3065 Richmond Parkway, Suite 109 Richmond, CA 94806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 758-2600
Mr. Wallace Tang MDA 04-009 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Mirror Arrays for Infrared Staring Arrays |
| Abstract: | The proposed work will develop micromirror arrays for VLWIR applications. Key challenges include the need for large piston stroke and compatibility with cryogenic conditions. For the proposed SBIR project, MicroAssembly is leveraging technologies developed under the DARPA CCIT program, as well as ongoing collaboration with industrial partners. The key to the proposed work is MicroAssembly's high yield fabrication process that enables integration of MEMS devices. This fabrication process has been utilized for the development of many MEMS devices, including high-g accelerometers, low-g accelerometers, resonators, and RF MEMS switches. Key military applications include free space communications, imaging, targeting and laser IRCM |
| SECOTEC, INC.
4935 CENTURY ST., STE 201 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 722-0000
Mr. David Kalin MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | System Hit Optical Technique for Kill Assessment |
| Abstract: | SECOTEC is proposing a simple, lightweight, carry-along Kill Assessment (KA) system based on two techniques that that we currently have under development. One is a fiber optic based Two Point Optical Thermometer (TPOT) that has been used to remotely determine the resultant temperature of kinetic energy impacts, high explosive events, and reactive fragment reactions. It has a range from 1,000 deg Kelvin to well above 5,000 deg Kelvin, uses a single two color sensor, and has a time response of 250 kHz up to 2 MHz if necessary. The other is a high-speed Fiber Optic Spectrometer (FOS) that is based on similar technology but uses a simple, linear array that is line filtered for specific bands. |
| VICUS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
62 Portland Rd Kennebunk, ME 04043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 985-4200
Mr. Paul Hurlburt MDA 04-009 Awarded: 13MAY04 |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | The Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) will require a source of power to operate target acquisition systems, seeker system and any divert propulsion once it is deployed from the carrier vehicle. The requirements for the MKV are stringent ion terms of allowable mass and space available to locate the MKV subsystems. As a result, novel materials, manufacturing processes, and materials will be required for this application. The proposed effort will develop a conformal power supply that will be charged during the boost phase of the mission and prior to MKV deployment. Conventional batteries and power supplies will not likely fit into the MKV volume The conformal power supply will require rapid charging since it must be accomplished during the boost phase of the intercept and prior to MKV deployment. To facilitate this, a nano-carbon deposited electrode will be demonstrated that permits rapid charging of a conformal ultracapacitor. Testing will be conducted to confirm the rapid capabilities of the capacitor. |
| SCITEC, INC.
100 Wall Street Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 921-3892
Mr. James J. Lisowski MDA 04-010 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Boost Phase Plume-to-Hardbody Handover |
| Abstract: | Several plume-hardbody handover algorithms under development by various investigators show promise in simulations for locating the missile body when the body is resolved or approximately the size of a pixel. Several scenarios involving liquid propellant missiles, such as the cases where these threats are observed at moderate to long ranges, and are at near nose-on geometries or large angles of attack, provide challenges to these handover algorithm and corresponding single- or dual-wavelength infrared detector concepts, however. These stressing conditions are challenging to space and air based systems that are employed to provide accurate metrics for reconstruction of threat trajectories or to provide position information for mid-course intercept, especially considering the preferred use in these systems of wavebands optimized for plume detection. In the enhancement plume flight regime (typically 70-200 km altitude for ICBM class missiles), plume radiance patterns exhibit a characteristic parabolic shape. This parabola is maintained even at large angles of attack. In some cases, the windward side may be significantly brighter than the leeward side and may present a "bright spot" that competes with the localized "vacuum core" signature, which is often used as an aim-point for the handover algorithms. Therefore, fitting the radiance pattern to this characteristic parabola provides a means for determining the plume axis, which then allows for more robust aim-point estimation. Relatively straightforward interpretation of the radiance patterns, possibly augmented with off-board information or information gained from multiple frames of data, allows for the determination of whether the threat is observed at near nose-on aspect angles or high angles of attack and the subsequent selection of the correct "bright point " that includes the missile body. Additionally, the parabola contains information that may be exploited to reveal characteristics of the propulsion system for identification of the upper stage missile system. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 812-7874
Dr. Chee-Yee Chong MDA 04-011 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Distributed Object Discrimination for BMD |
| Abstract: | Object discrimination is one of the most important functions in ballistic missile defense since successful engagement and intercept of the warhead requires timely discrimination of lethal objects from decoys and other non-lethal objects. Multiple sensors exploiting diversity in phenomenology and viewing geometry can provide better discrimination information than a single sensor but exploiting this information requires a good fusion algorithm. Although centralized discrimination is theoretically optimal, distributed discrimination has advantages of lower communication bandwidth, robustness to failure, etc. The proposed research addresses key issues in distributed discrimination including choice of appropriate architecture, information to communicate among processing agents, optimal fusion algorithms, and communication strategies. It adopts the information graph model to analyze the dependence among processing agents so that information will not be double-counted. Object and sensor models represented by Bayesian networks are used to identify the minimum sufficient information that should be communicated and fused. An information-theoretic approach is used to decide when communication should take place. The Phase I effort will demonstrate the technical feasibility of distributed discrimination by integrating these components and comparing the resulting performance with that using centralized discrimination. |
| HYPERTECH SYSTEMS
4 Dickens Court Irvine, CA 92612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 477-1101
Dr. David Slater MDA 04-011 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Data and evidence fusion from multiple independent Decision Theoretic sources: Hybrid Decision Networks |
| Abstract: | We will develop an innovative approach to the detection of subpixel missile threats in hyperspectral images. The new approach will use a generalized likelihood ratio statistic to define decision surfaces in terms of spectral/spatial subspace models for missile targets and backgrounds. Missile targets will be represented by invariant spectral subspaces that characterize target properties over a range of conditions. Background clutter will be characterized using adaptive spectral/spatial subspaces. The resulting detection algorithm will have the ability to detect subpixel threats in cluttered environments under unknown atmospheric conditions. The spectral subspace representation will allow the use of high-speed techniques for the computation of the likelihood ratio decision statistic. We will demonstrate the feasibility of the new approach using experiments with missile spectral signatures measured using a chromotomographic sensor embedded in cluttered hyperspectral images. An important goal is to determine the fundamental bounds on hyperspectral missile detection performance. We will also assess algorithm performance and computational requirements as a function of the amount of spectral and spatial information that is provided to the algorithm. The general approach will be applicable to any spectral region, but algorithm assessment during Phase I will focus on the mid-wave infrared. |
| KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Dr. Richard Mayer MDA 04-011 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | MSFF: Multi-Spectral Feature Fusion |
| Abstract: | We propose to build a Multi-Spectral Feature Fusion Framework (MSFF): a framework for fusion of data from Multi-Spectral sensors. The ultimate goal of the proposed solution is to improve the probability of target detection and identification. Two major innovations of the proposed effort are: (i) Composite feature vector that includes diverse features such as shape parameters (area, boundary length, number of edges, etc.), multi-scale texture parameters, moments of the radiance intensity of different orders, radiance energy of the image determined in multi-scale wavelet coefficient domain, and (ii) Innovative approach to closed loop association and classification that will apply machine learning methods to establish "similarity" in the detected features of the object and their "proximity" to a reference entity. The MSFF framework will support the comprehensive lifecycle from data preprocessing to transformation, feature extraction, association, and identification. The Phase I project will develop the concept of operation and algorithms. The algorithms will be tested and analyzed on simulated data using a testbed of physical and engineering models of sensors. The Phase II project will develop and harden software for near-real-time data processing. |
| OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 371-4445
Dr. Nahum Gat MDA 04-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Target Detection in Clutter using Joint Bayesian & Generalized Likelyhood Tests in Neyman-Pearson Detection |
| Abstract: | Hyperspectral sensors have proven capable of distinguishing targets that are otherwise very difficult to discern. However, such sensors also tend to produce false alarms at a significant rate. The Battle Management, Command and Control (BMC2) architecture will deal with most difficult detection scenario: targets may be sub-pixel in size, with a cluttered Earth background including clouds, land, water, and spectral noise, in a constantly shifting scene. The ultimate objective is to use the scene to extract background statistics and ultimately, to extract the target. The Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) and the Bayesian Likelihood Ratio Test (BLRT) are widely used as standard detection techniques for target signals that are corrupted by structured clutter and unstructured broadband noise. The choice between GLRT and BLRT depends on the availability of statistical or physical a-priori information about the unknown parameters in the data mixing model. We propose a new approach for combining the GLRT and the BLRT into a cascaded detector by deriving a general form of the BLRT. In this detector, the GLRT's role is to determine the background pixels' statistics by subtracting the target's pixels (or including sub-pixels) from the pixels of the entire image. Using the estimated statistical information about the background pixels, the BLRT is then applied to reduce the probability of false alarms. In the process, we also introduce a new way to discern between target and background structures in vector space, which is one of the most difficult problems in practice. |
| SOLID STATE SCIENTIFIC CORP.
27-2 Wright Road Hollis, NH 03049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 465-5686
Dr. James E. Murguia MDA 04-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Subspace Detection of Surprise Events for the BMC2 Architecture |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop subspace classifiers for detecting and monitoring dynamic and surprise events (e.g. missile launches warhead and decoy deployment, artillery fire, etc.) from a remote platform. The algorithms will be tailored to the Advanced Spectral Sensor developed by SSSC, which is capable of adaptively measuring the spectra of surprise events anywhere within a large field of view at greater than video rates. This sensor is also capable of accurately locating the event with little impact on data bandwidth. The classifiers will be based both on the existing library of surprise event data and on data collection opportunities that arise during the course of the contract. The classifiers will exploit target specific spectral-temporal features and also be tailored to support the unique aspects of the Advanced Spectral Sensor. Information about the target subspace will be incorporated into the hardware implementation to create an advanced sensor system that can be integrated into the next-generation MDA BMC2 architecture. |
| AERO OPTICS, INC.
655 Deep Valley Drive, Suite 335 Rolling Hills Estate, CA 90274 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 541-1933
Dr. G. Newton Freeman MDA 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ladar Algorithm for Lethal Objects (LALO) |
| Abstract: | Advanced interceptor seekers with active ladar systems offer enhanced capabilities for target acquisition, discrimination, tracking, and targeting of a lethal object within a ballistic missile threat train including off-nominal threats and countermeasures. Full exploitation of these capabilities requires robust ladar algorithms to enhance seeker decision functions that include far-range ladar cuing, target acquisition/tracking, optimum handover, enhanced discrimination, aimpoint selection, and end game countermeasure mitigation. Algorithms are required to support laser augmentation of multiband passive sensors including non-coherent/coherent systems and active/passive fusion for improved seeker performance including mitigation of diffuse-scattering and laser-speckle effects. The proposed investigation will evaluate competing seeker/algorithm concepts through end-to-end dynamic simulation of a ballistic missile threat train as perceived over time by the interceptor seeker. The simulation will include the position/orientation dynamics and passive/active signatures of lethal/non-lethal objects and the associated seeker/algorithm response for acquisition, discrimination, tracking, and targeting of the lethal object. The investigation will consider realistic threat ensembles, deployment sequences, and background conditions to ensure algorithm robustness. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Charles Bjork MDA 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Coherent Ladar Algorithm for Robust Target Acquisition, Discrimination, Aimpoint Selection and Maintenance |
| Abstract: | Coherent Technologies Inc., proposes "Coherent Ladar Algorithm for Robust Acquisition, Discrimination, Aimpoint Selection and Maintenance" to address MDA Ladar algorithm development and signature processing for advanced missile seekers. The proposed algorithm exploits unique capabilities of emerging Doppler Ladars, fused with passive sensors, to acquire/discriminate threats that may contain off-nominal components and various countermeasures. Range and Doppler measurement exploitation assure rapid acquisition, track convergence. For Phase I, resilience to backgrounds will be demonstrated. Processed adaptive multiplet waveforms will yield mass-dependent discriminants for good target class separation, compensate for platform and other noise, and adapt for flexible application to diverse target types. Adaptive waveform temporal bandwidth and optimum component spacing will be used to achieve high range/velocity resolution and precision, over transient events such as staging, target deployment, and deployment response. Multi-waveform averaging mitigates speckle and drives-up measurement precision and effective carrier-to-noise ratio. Range and velocity resolution/precision will be adaptively traded to optimize algorithm performance. For Phase II/III, the algorithm will be demonstrated on Ladar hardware currently under development at Eastern and Pacific Test ranges, in a real-time processor/interface. Algorithm/waveforms make achievable sub-cm/sec velocity-precision for millidoppler/microdoppler discriminants, cm's range-precision for target discrimination, and reduced miss-distance via Doppler-null tracking for aimpoint selection and maintenance. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
IT Division, 20600 Gramercy Place Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Stephen Kupiec MDA 04-014 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Multiframe Image Enhancement and Processing for Target Discrimination |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency is seeking innovative electro-optical/infrared multiframe processing algorithms to recognize and intercept the lethal object within a ballistic missile threat train. These algorithms are critical components of Project Hercules to counter off-nominal and evolving missile threats. To address this Missile Defense Agency need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop new Resolution-Enhanced Dynamic Statistical Target Advanced Recognition (REDSTAR) technology. REDSTAR is a unique integration of generic digital signal processing hardware with intelligent image processing software, which includes Multiframe Image Resolution Enhancement Framework (MIREF), Multiscale Image Contrast Enhancement (MICE) and Hierarchical Target Modeling (HTM). It will enhance resolution, detail, and contrast in low-resolution images captured by missile guidance sensors, and extract critical target information in real time to guide the kill vehicle. It can extract hidden spatio-temporal information from the image sequence to generate super-resolution images for target discrimination. REDSTAR can be applied to visible, IR, LIDAR, and MSX images acquired in boost, midcourse, or terminal phase. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of REDSTAR by testing against targets, target events, and backgrounds. In Phase II, POC will develop REDSTAR hardware and test REDSTAR with real sensor data in a realistic environment. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 306-0010
Dr. James N. Caron MDA 04-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Multi-frame Processing for Improved Identification of Lethal Objects |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments Inc. (RSI) proposes to research and develop a multi-frame processing algorithm that is uniquely tailored to combine a frame sequence from a kill vehicle to improve the identification of a target. The combination process will diminish the effect of motion blur that occurs when randomly translated frames are summed. Removing the blur will greatly enhance the intensity of the object and thus improve identification. RSI will investigate all manners of registration and blur removal that adhere to the restrictions presented by the task. Expected candidates include an image registration technique based on the projection of rows and columns, and a novel motion blur removal using an advanced blind deconvolution technique. |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
201 N. Calle Cesar Chavez, Suite 203 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 962-1175
Mr. Jeff Scott MDA 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Super Resolution Using Analog Spatial Processors |
| Abstract: | During Phase I Computational Sensors Corp. (CSC) will explore spatial domain super resolution (SR) approaches for extracting high resolution images from non-uniformly sampled data registered using sequences of low resolution images and seeker line-of-sight (LOS) direction estimates from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Interpolation, fundamental to SR, will be performed using the Gaussian blur kernel of our Thin Film Analog Image Processors (TAIP). In previous work, CSC has developed an analog, massively parallel, real-time video processing system capable of bulk spatio-temporal filtering. The enabling device uses analog silicon retinas in multi-chip architectures for complex, agile, spatial-frequency filtering. CSC plans to leverage the inherent computational advantage of performing large kernel spatial filtering in the analog domain to developing high frame-rate SR capability for mid-course seekers. One of the most difficult problems facing national missile defense pertains to accurately and efficiently identifying closely-spaced objects (CSO). For space-based detection systems, the situation can be highly complex with multiple objects moving at low relative velocities amid countermeasure clutter. Super resolution has the potential to enable earlier target/decoy discrimination for mid-course interceptors. During Phase I a SR approach will be developed with real-world data testing and implementation in hardware to commence in Phase II. |
| PIXON LLC
100 North Country Rd. Setauket, NY 11733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 227-2739
Dr. Richard Puetter MDA 04-015 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Real-Time, Super Resolution Pixon Processing for MDA Kill Vehicles |
| Abstract: | We propose to implement image-processing algorithms that greatly enhance sensitivity, tracking accuracy, and resolution of closely spaced objects (CSOs) in real-time missile-guidance systems. These enhancements are accomplished without prior knowledge of the number and composition of the targets within a CSO cluster. The proposed capabilities are relevant to the MDA EKV program and are complementary to and synergistic with competing approaches for separating CSO targets. The algorithms are based upon our proprietary Quick Pixon method, already implemented in real-time hardware and demonstrated to increase resolution by up to a factor of two and decrease background noise by a factor of six. The program will build on an independent Phase II program we hope to begin in 2004; it concerns re-configuration of our existing Quick Pixon hardware into an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In this project, we propose to add to the latter device full-color capability and to provide for processing of EO-sensor outputs as large as 2048 x 2048 pixels. Phase II would offer sufficient resources to actually produce ASICs without further funding. By conclusion of Phase II, compact low-power devices will be available for implementation into MDA systems. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 306-0010
Dr. James N. Caron MDA 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Super-sampling of Multi-frame Sequences for Improved Identification of Lethal Objects |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments Inc. (RSI) proposes to develop a new multi-frame processing technique that allows fast and effective super-sampling of the scene. Each frame of the imaging sequence is up-sampled to a higher image size. Then, without realignment, the frames are averaged together. This produces a single image that has complicated motion blur embedded in it. This motion blur is removed using a novel blind deconvolution algorithm called the Self-deconvolving Data Reconstruction Algorithm. This process greatly reduces the computational needs usually associated with super-sampling but removing the requirement to measure alignment errors between each frame before averaging. |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNO
6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 766-1520
Dr. Sanford M. Dash MDA 04-016 Awarded: 27APR04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | The innovation for this Phase I program is the development of advanced high-fidelity techniques for the analysis of moving transient plumes at high altitudes, accounting for their distortion and trajectory changes due to interactions with the surrounding atmosphere, as well as procedures for performing detailed 6DOF analyses of aerodynamic bodies traversing through such moving plumes. Transient plumes at exo altitudes will be simulated using new hybrid continuum / direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) techniques now under development for analyzing higher altitude steady-state rocket plumes and divert jets. In the hybrid approach, the continuum solution is interfaced with the DSMC solution along a continuum breakdown surface, which for transient plumes, is continually changing with time. Dynamic grid adaption techniques will be utilized whereby the grid moves with the expanding plume, conforms to its contour, and concentrates grid points in high density zones. A scope-out study of validation experiments to support this advanced model development will also be performed. |
| DAVIDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
530 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 327-3122
Mr. Don Tingle MDA 04-016 Awarded: 30APR04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | Davidson Technolotgies Inc. has proposed a task to develop and assess an algorithm to provide discrimination of encapsulating balloons, a serious potential countermeasures. Available literature suggests that precommit discrimination is not feasible due to the long range from sensor to target and limited angle resolution of precommit sensors, where this techniques will examine post-commit discrimination where range to target is shorter and resolution of threat objects can be achieved. This technique can be used to identify which balloon contains the hidden RV and further, we believe, can help locate where the RV is inside the balloon. |
| DECIBEL RESEARCH, INC.
PO Box 5368 Huntsville, AL 35814 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 716-0787
Mr. Earl Reed MDA 04-016 Awarded: 21APR04 |
| Title: | Multistatic Discrimination Approaches for Ballistic Missile Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | This effort proposes a new and innovative approach for defeating ballistic missile defense discrimination countermeasures. The use of bistatic and multistatic radar signatures will be exploited to help the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) defeat many of the stressing discrimination threats and countermeasures facing the current and future BMD system. Bistatic refers to using a separate transmitter and receiver, in physically separate locations, to perform the traditional radar transmit and receive functions. Multistatic simply implies that there is more than one receiver being used. There are numerous benefits to using bistatic and multistatic approaches for discrimination. These benefits include having higher radar cross sections (RCSs) and achieving spatially diverse geometries to observe threats and countermeasures from multiple viewing angles. This is extremely important, given that radar signatures are very dependent upon the viewing geometry (aspect and roll angles) between the threat and the radar. The benefits that will be demonstrated during this phase I activity have great potential to impact the over-all BMDS as well as existing technology programs. As the BMDS evolves to a distributed "System of Systems", the opportunities to capitalize upon multiple viewing geometries will become increasingly important. Possible programs that could benefit from this work include: National Missile Defense (NMD)/Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), THAAD, Forward Based Radar, PATRIOT, JLENS, Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI), High Altitude Airship, Project Hercules and the Advanced Discrimination Initiative. |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos MDA 04-016 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | New Counter-Counter Measure (CCM) techniques are proposed for Missile Defense (MD) which can provide discrimination of balloons and possibly other decoys in the presence of a Re-entry Vehicle (RV). This will be accomplished by the utilization of new advanced materials and concepts manufacturing and depolyment technologies unique to General Sciences, Inc. (GSI). It is expected that this effort will provide new discrimination capabilities to the Missile Defense Program. |
| MILTEC CORP.
678 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 428-1413
Dr. Greg Ferguson MDA 04-016 Awarded: 05MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | Advanced counter measure threats envisioned to be deployed against midcourse missile defense weapon systems creates a problem in discriminating between the real threat and decoys. A need exists to effectively discriminate and/or eliminate the decoys from the vicinity so the real threat can be neutralized. Developing a weapon system that removes decoys and allows easier discrimination requires a significant lethality assessment matrix that defines the optimum vehicle lethality components, materials and dispersion pattern requirements. Preliminary damage and kill assessments can be accomplished using hydrocodes; i.e, CTH, with results validated through empirical tests, legacy data or testing. These results can populate a matrix defining weapon concepts that can damage or remove a given set of decoys. A fast running algorithm and/or look-up table that characterizes the kill matrix can be coupled with existing "hit-to-kill" lethality end-game codes to produce a robust cost effective tool to quickly evaluate real threats. Commercialization could proceed on two fronts. First, is the ability to provide some protection to important satellite assets or aircraft by using the envisioned weapon systems to kill or inflict damage on i |