DoD SBIR FY04.3 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS

DoD SBIR FY04.3 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS
Army - Navy - DARPA - SOCOM - OSD

---------- ARMY ----------

381 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz ARMY 04-001 Selected for Award
Title:	High Repetition Rate Cavity-Dumped Unified Laser Expandable System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a high peak power directed energy weapon (DEW) system with adjustable PRF and variable burst mode, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new High Repetition Rate Cavity-Dumped Unified Laser Expandable System (HERCULES), a high peak power DEW with significant advantages over current systems. This proposed system is based on variable-rate cavity-dumping by new nonlinear materials that exceed the capabilities of current systems. The HERCULES will generate high peak power pulses with a PRF variable from <1 to >200 kHz while keeping the energy per pulse approximately the same regardless of time between pulses, pulses per burst, or burst rate. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of HERCULES by computer modeling and a subscale demonstration prototype. In Phase II POC plans to develop a prototype that can be adapted to current Army man-portable laser systems, and will demonstrate variable PRF up to ~100 kHz without significant drop in energy per pulse.

JDLL, INC. 7302 S. 300 W. #305 Midvale, UT 84047
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 568-3600 Dr. James E. Youngberg ARMY 04-002 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Frame Rate Hyperspectral Target Segmentation
Abstract:	Practical use of hyperspectral imagery for target recognition relies on hardware speed and the ability of algorithms to properly separate (segment) targets from image background in the presence of changing illumination. Recent hardware advances have put frame-rate hyperspectral target segmentation on the horizon. Such applications are computationally intense -- requiring over 200 billion arithmetic operations per second. Yet, sensor and ASIC technology will soon be small and fast enough for practical sensing and processing. Algorithm technology for hyperspectral target segmentation is also mostly "there". Basic algorithms descend from developments in earth resource monitoring and a smaller body of military target recognition work. However, key challenges related to illumination must be solved to make the technology robust. JDLL understands these very real practical problems and proposes tasks and a program that will deepen our understanding and address these problems directly and thoroughly. Using simulation, we will probe the physical processes that undermine segmentation and develop algorithms that respond to these processes. Our preliminary research points toward a key innovation of this proposal - an adaptive model for continuously tracking and compensating the effects that shifting illumination hyperspectra have on segmentation algorithms. We propose an adaptive segmentation algorithm based on this model.

ENGINEERING MECHANICS CORP.OF COLUMBUS 3518 Riverside Drive, Suite 202 Columbus, OH 43221
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 459-3200 Dr. Prabhat Krishnaswamy ARMY 04-003 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Innovative Mobile Extrusion Plant for Onsite Fabrication of Ammunition Packaging Materials from Composite Recycled Plastics
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I feasibility study examines the possibility of developing a full-mobile extrusion plant capable of manufacturing structural thermoplastic composite lumber (TCL) and plastic piping. Novel concepts to enable the modification of existing equipment into a manufacturing system on skids have been proposed. The intent of such a system is to enable the manufacture of TCL construction materials in exact sizes and quantities as the need arises, on-site using local battlefield debris materials as feedstock as appropriate. Each component of traditional manufacturing system for piping and TCL will be modified using innovative ideas to make it fully-portable and quick assembly for on-site manufacture.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Michael Reznikov ARMY 04-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Self-Powered Incapacitator
Abstract:	U.S. Army needs a projectile technology that deliver electrical energy to the target for quick, nonlethal, incapacitation at distances from 6 to 80 m. Such a device should be self-contained and not tethered to a conventional launching platform such as a 40 mm M203 grenade launcher or a 12 gauge shotgun. To address this need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a novel Self-Powered Incapacitator (SPI) that is a compact electrostatic pulse generator triggered and powered by the initial acceleration of the projectile. It will generate and deliver electric energy from 5 J (in the 12 gauge modified Rubber Rocket) to 50 J (in the 40 mm grenade) with an initial electric current of 15 A and a discharge time of about 2 microseconds that instantly and non-lethally incapacitates the target. The capability of the device to generate an electric charge is enhanced by POC's proprietary polymer embossing technology. The SPI will be charged when it is fabricated, and will retain this electric charge over decades. The electric energy delivered does not depend on the distance to the target.

ASTRON WIRELESS TECHNOLIGIES, INC. 22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 450-5517 Mr. Josehph R. Jahoda ARMY 04-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Adaptive Bandwidth High Power RF Antenna
Abstract:	The objective of the Phase 1, SBIR Topic A04-005, "Adaptive Bandwidth High Power RF Antennas," is to develop a broadband (a minimum of 2:1, up to, say, 6:1 or even 10:1 bandwidth) high gain (12 dBi minimum), operating in the HF/VHF and VHF/UHF bands, high power (300 KW at a 50% duty cycle) antenna. The maximum customer preferred size (VHF/UHF) is 1.2 meters diameter and 2 meters long, maximum. For the lower frequency (HF/VHF) of operation the maximum size is 2 meters in diameter and 3 meters long.

THE HALEAKALA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 7 Martin Road Brookfield, MA 01506
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 867-3918 Dr. Theodore R. Anderson ARMY 04-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Two Nested Plasma Antennas and Two Stacked Plasma Antenna Arrays at VHF/UHF and HF/VHF Antenna Arrays at VHF/UHF and HF/VHF
Abstract:	The Haleakala Research & Development Inc. will develop and analyze two plasma antennas in which the higher frequency VHF/UHF is nested inside the lower frequency HF/VHF antenna or a VHF/UHF plasma antenna array stacked with a HF/VHF plasma antenna array in which the higher frequency plasma antenna array propagates through the lower frequency plasma antenna array. This effort will support the PEO Ammunition Acquisition Program. We can do this with plasma but not with metal because of the properties of plasma physics. Because of the properties of plasma physics high gain and aperture can be achieved above and beyond that of a metal antenna of the same size by matching the plasma frequency to the antenna operating frequency of the antenna. By nesting and stacking the plasma antennas we can achieve high power, high bandwidth, and compactness. Our nested plasma antenna design will a minimum gain of 12 dBi over as wide a frequency band at HF/VHF with a maximum size of 2 meters in diameter and 3 meters in length ) and another similar antenna at VHF/UHF with a maximum size of 1.2 meters in diameter and 2 meters long.

ENGINEERED COATINGS, INC. P.O. Box 4702 Parker, CO 80134
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 593-0588 Dr. Frank M. Kustas ARMY 04-006 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	Thick PVD Cermet and Graded DLC Coatings for Lubrication-Free Weapon Parts
Abstract:	Engineered Coatings, Inc. (ECI) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) propose to investigate thick ceramic & metal (cermet) and semiconductor or metal-doped diamondlike carbon (DLC) physical vapor deposited (PVD) coatings over thick PVD metal underlayers as low-friction, corrosion-resistant surfaces for small-arm weapon components. Engineered Coatings and SwRI plan to mitigate the issues with electro and electroless-deposition coatings (e.g., tensile residual stress, reduced adhesion/durability and hazardous effluents) by using dry PVD processing and coating-compositional-grading to control coating stress and thus improve coating adhesion/toughness and durability. In addition, using a thick, dense PVD metal barrier underlayer will eliminate migration of the corrosion solution to the underlying substrate. Doping of DLC coatings will substantially improve coating adhesion/toughness without appreciably affecting the inherent low-friction solid lubricating and wear-resistant behavior. In addition, SwRI will investigate plasma ion immersion processing (PIIP) as a non-line-of-sight method with integral ion implantation followed by coating growth to ensure good coating adhesion. Coatings will be tested for corrosion resistance by salt-fog immersion and mechanical/tribological performance by scratch, indentation, and ball-on-disk friction/wear testing (in dry and contaminated oil). Weapon component parts will be demonstration-coated in the Phase I option program.

UNIVERSAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 7825 SW Ellipse Way Stuart, FL 34997
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(772) 223-6699 Dr. Yancy W. Riddle ARMY 04-006 Selected for Award
Title:	Lubrication Free Small Arms Weapons Coatings
Abstract:	A suitable small arms weapon will be disassembled, and parts evaluated for the potential to remove and replace metal coatings with a single coating. In order for this single coating to be successful it must exhibit improved properties that decrease the overall cost of the weapon and allow the weapon to operate without wet lubrication. Universal Chemical Technologies' Inc. coating UltraCem(r), which is an electroless Ni-B coating will be evaluated for this purpose. The most severe cases of abrasive wear, sliding wear, and impact for subassemblies in the weapon will be stripped and re-coated. An accelerated battery of tests between OEM coated parts and UltraCem(r) parts will provide the data necessary to recommend UltraCem as the single coating that solves the problem stated and allows dry operation of the weapon.

MAXPOWER, INC. 220 Stahl Road Harleysville, PA 19438
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 513-4230 Dr. David Chua ARMY 04-008 Selected for Award
Title:	Long Storage Life Active Battery
Abstract:	Recent novel researches by MaxPower have shown that several high energy density Li batteries can be developed to perform as an active battery specifically designed to replace reserve munitions batteries. MaxPower will employ several new approaches to develop this active munitions battery with unique properties such as high rate discharge, high capacity and energy density, very large operational temperature range capability (-46?C to 63?C), and an extended shelf life of 20 years storage at temperatures ranging from -54?C to 74?C. MaxPower's approaches to develop the technology for this active munitions battery involve R&D on high energy density cathode materials, and electrolyte solutions which are highly conductive at low temperatures and which are thermally and electrochemically stable over the required temperature ranges.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 932-5667 Dr. Pavel Bystricky ARMY 04-009 Selected for Award
Title:	Harvesting of Rifle Recoil Energy
Abstract:	KaZaK Composites proposes to design and demonstrate a device for harvesting energy from rifle recoil associated with firing projectiles. The innovative device will use piezoelectric generators coupled with a load transfer mechanism to convert shock from firing into electrical energy, providing for supplemental charging of batteries. The device will be compact enough to fit into the space available inside an M16 or M4 rifle buttstock, with no modification required to its external geometry. When implemented using novel high performance single crystal piezoelectric materials, the device will have the potential to generate enough power to operate various hardware used by soldiers in the field. Being compact and self-contained, the device will be easy to incorporate into new rifles and retrofit into existing ones. Perhaps the most attractive feature of the system, in contrast to regular batteries, is its potentially unlimited operating life. KaZaK will draw upon our directly related experience with harvesting energy from cannon fire to allow us to produce and demonstrate a full scale prototype device in Phase I. In addition, a novel usage for the energy harvested from rifle shots that addresses the intermittent availability of recoil generated power will be evaluated.

DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3620 Horizon Drive King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 832-7570 Mr. Mark E. Majerus ARMY 04-010 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Wall Penetration Munition
Abstract:	The Army's SBIR Topic A04-010, Innovative Wall Penetration Munition, seeks a munition capable of penetrating an 8-inch concrete wall that also features a follow-through effect. DE Technologies Inc herein proposes to investigate the adaptation of their high performance small munitions designs to the M433 High Explosive Dual Purpose Grenade. Coupled with the advanced shaped charge liner design is the inclusion of an energetic material that follows the jet through the concrete wall to promote additional lethality or disorienting effects. This technology approach is highly desirable as it modifies an approved munition and works with the current M203 delivery system. This approach minimizes the impact on the training, integration, support and logistics associated with new weapon systems and provides the soldier a more effective MOUT tool in a shorter development cycle.

MECHANICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 1719 Rt. 10 East, Suite 305 Parsippany, NJ 07054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 326-9920 Mr. William Marscher ARMY 04-010 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Wall Penetration Munition
Abstract:	MSI has conceived a novel wall penetration and behind-wall-activated munition in lethal and nonlethal varieties. The U.S. Army currently does not possess a compact, man-portable weapon specifically designed to breach structure walls and deliver a submunition of choice (lethal or nonlethal) to an enemy that is sheltered within the building's interior. The proposed project develops such a weapon in the form of a small two-part munition (approximately 40mm) with a disposable launcher. By combining kinetic energy penetrator and shaped-charge technologies in an innovative manner that will exploit the elastic wave response of target structures, MSI is confident that it can successfully construct such a weapon. In particular, through proposal preparation research, MSI has determined that inexpensive micromachined silicon accelerometers and piezoelectric technology can be applied effectively to shaped charges timed to enhance penetration the design of fuze mechanisms for the munition, as well as to create "smart" submunitions that would be delivered to the enemy by the weapon in a piggy-back and optimally oriented fashion after the wall is breached. MSI has assembled an outstanding team of munitions consultants along with its seasoned staff of engineers, in order to ensure successful implementation of this important and timely project.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Wireless Wide Area Networked Precision Geolocation for Combat Decision Aids System
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to investigate, evaluate, and demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative Integrated Communication and Wireless Wide Area Networked Precision Geolocation system for generic multi-agent high-performance real-time Combat Decision Aids System (CDAS) for Future Combat System. This geolocation system will provide precision interruption-free position for multiple tracking of personnel, robots, UGV and other combat platforms, in complicated environments and terrains. The developed Intelligent Precision Geolocation system components can be easily integrated with ARDEC?�s CDAS for Future Combat System (FCS), Objective Force Warrior, Land Warrior and Homeland Defense applications. Integrated with CDAS, this system allows every combat member to be linked through an intelligent network that provides Precision Geolocation and other information to each other. During this Phase I project, an innovative type of Wireless Wide Area Networked module will be integrated into the geolocation system that will perform network communication, improve geolocation accuracy, and increase the tracking area coverage at the same time. A suite of communication/ranging control approaches and algorithms will be implemented and tested. The integration approach of system information will be designed and tested.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Ms. Karen A. Harper ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Architecture for Decision Aid Development and Deployment (AD3)
Abstract:	The network centric nature of the future force will allow unprecedented levels of coordination, distributed situation awareness, and distributed decision-making. However, decision-makers must be able to manage the masses of data available to them to maintain situation awareness and make the right decision at the right time. To help them, decision aiding tools will be required. Deploying decision aids throughout the future force presents engineering challenges due to differences in types of information, information resolution, and form factor requirements. To enable developers to deploy decision aids that meet the requirements of each unique application, we propose to develop an Architecture for Decision Aid Development and Deployment (AD3), a software architecture allowing developers to build decision-aiding interfaces, regardless of information or form factor requirements, by: 1) using a component-based architecture promoting re-use and extension of functionality; 2) including a library of components encapsulating communication protocols with external systems, algorithms to handle computational needs of decision aids, and HCI widgets to provide an interface with the end user; 3) incorporating a graphical agent builder allowing developers to create and configure decision aids with minimal added programming; and finally 4) including a graphical interface builder allowing developers to create integrated decision aid interfaces.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 618-1060 Mr. Ken Graves ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Common Technical/Tactical Fire Control Interface (CT2FC)
Abstract:	The future force battlespace will contain numerous different mounted and dismounted armament systems that must action fire directives from netted effects control cells which may mix and match weapon systems as required to attack targets. Each weapon system has different user interfaces and control stations with which to translate tactical fire control directives into technical fire control weapon pointing data. This leads to lack of interoperability between many systems, especially when one must combine BLOS, NLOS, and LOS weapon systems on a target in order to achieve desired effects. Making the systems interoperable tends to be extremely expensive. We propose to develop a user reconfigurable common fire control interface to perform tactical fire control at netted effects nodes, and to perform technical fire control at any NLOS, BLOS, or LOS weapon platform. We will develop a common interface description which accounts for multiple weapon systems technical fire control messaging and ballistic kernels, and then develop a prototype user interface demonstration at the end of Phase I. The effort will use existing netted fires components in the ARDEC CDAS architecture to perform tactical fire control, and interface these components to various technical fire control systems such as the NATO ballistic kernel.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Dr. Chris Lomont ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Modular Agent-Based Component Architecture
Abstract:	Cybernet proposes to create a software architecture that will allow off-the-shelf autonomous software agents to make use of artificial intelligence (AI) modules to solve a number of problems in the Army weapons fire domain. This system will be designed for compatibility with Future Combat Systems (FCS) by making it compliant with the System of Systems Common Operating Environment (SoS COE) specification. A number of AI techniques will be explored, including belief networks (Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer), rule-based systems, goal-directed systems, and constraint programming systems.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark Street, Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5001 Mr. Mike Colony ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	The Army's Future Combat System (FCS) initiative aims to enable the army's transformation into a more strategically responsive force, capable of rapid deployment and effective operations in all types of military operations. Enabling this initiative is the concept of Net-Centric Warfare (NCW). The network-centric fires management component of FCS, however, faces the challenge of adequately processing the vast amounts of NCW-related data into meaningful knowledge as it pursues its objective of providing seamless integration, synchronization and optimization of fires and effects for assets within the FCS Unit of Action. The DAC team will address this challenge by applying innovative technologies to provide commanders with an intelligent, agent-based Fires Management System (FMS). We will accomplish this through three main objectives. First, we will implement an architecture that provides a component-based framework that allows for rapid configuration and deployment of intelligent, information-processing agents. Second, we will apply innovative techniques for information fusion that transform collected data into knowledge representations that can be used by decision support components. And finally, we will apply decision optimization and predictive analysis methods that effectively use the knowledge representation to emulate cognitive decision processes, thus providing decision support to consumer systems, commanders and fielded units

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP. 13029 Danielson Street, Suite 200 Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 679-4140 Dr. Akhilesh Maewal ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Distributed Decision Support System for Networked Fire Management
Abstract:	The Future Combat Systems (FCS) will produce the most sophisticated war fighting system in the history of warfare. The FCS program aims to leverage advances in information technology with continuous, high-speed, digitized communications within a joint armed forces structure to achieve one of the most profound transformations ever seen in the U. S. armed services. That such transformations may lead to a revolutionary leap in the effectiveness of our forces has already been proved in recent overseas operations undertaken by our military. A prerequisite to the realization of the vision for transforming our forces is the development of software and hardware systems that not only provide intelligent support to soldiers and commanders in the battlefield to assist them in performance of mission critical tasks but also automate many of such tasks. Here, IAC addresses the need for an intelligent software infrastructure for decision support for the future digital battlefield. This system features distributed intelligent agents which analyze sensor data, war fighter input, and historical data to make optimal decisions under dynamic and uncertain conditions for network centric fire management, execution, and control, and provides an extensible and open architecture that allows rapid deployment of pluggable software components for decision support.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5255 Dr. Wilbur Peng ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	An Agent-Based Component Architecture for Cognitive Decision Support
Abstract:	In this SBIR Phase I effort, we propose an architectural framework and design methodology for cognitive decision aids based on software agents which addresses the fundamental challenge of creating agile decision support systems that can be rapidly adapted for evolving system configurations and requirements. The basis of this approach is an agent-based component model and a library of formally defined protocols and roles that describe the interactions between cognitive decision components. During system execution, each component is instantiated as a software agent with specified execution properties. The system components include bounded-time reasoning and planning components, sensor fusion components, and human interface components. The approach will support flexible composition of decision aid systems using reusable cognitive components. We will further demonstrate how an integrated software development tool-chain can be used to enable rapid design, testing and realization of different system configurations. The approach will be illustrated using in a prototype component model, architecture specification and decision-aid use case using in a networked fires application. In this Phase I effort, we will focus on formulation the overall methodology and architecture for creating agile, adaptable decision aid components and systems.

PROLOGIC, INC. 1000 Technology Drive, Suite 3140 Fairmont, WV 26554
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 334-2142 Mr. Robert Cowling ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	The proposed innovation is a Situational Assessment and Warfighter Analysis Framework (SAWAF) to support analysis and assessment of network centric fire support and probable courses of action. The core of this architecture is the ability to host a variety of intelligent agent based algorithms/solvers through a shared tuple space. A tuple space is a highly structured, distributable approach to complex blackboard problems. Nominally, each tuple consists of an Object/Value or an Object/Attribute/Value pairing. For this project, a tuple has an extended, precise nomenclature to allow for consistent integration between the many tools that are able to plug into this architecture. The tuple for this project consists of two parts - the preamble and the factoid. The preamble consists of the creator of the factoid, an associated priority, a confidence placed on the factoid, and the spatio-temporal constraints. The factoid itself is comprised of an Object/Attribute/Value pairing based on the specific domain of situation awareness/netted fires.

ROBOTICS RESEARCH CORP. 101 Landy Lane Cincinnati, OH 45215
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 831-9570 Mr. James D. Farrell ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	A critical element of network centric fires management deals with overarching resupply logistics and sustainment issues. Effective sustainment will involve collaboration among intelligent software logistics agents to plan, distribute and coordinate the FCS resupply effort in a real-time, netcentric environment. Furthermore, a required complementary technology will consist of configurable, adaptable, plug and play, netcentric man-machine interface (MMI) agent components to facilitate the verification, interrogation and modification of the dynamic sustainment maneuvers orchestrated by logistic agents. Schedules, transport assets and routes, depot inventory, payload descriptions, etc. from the logistics agents will be fused and mapped into graphically interactive representations by the MMI agents. The MMI will enable constraints, payloads, priorities, etc. to be altered, which will redirect the efforts of the logistics agents. This program will demonstrate the dynamic interaction of distributed logistics agents with netcentric MMI agents to provide exceptional visual decision aids. This program will accomplish the following tasks: 1- Simulate FCS resupply scenarios, in which the logistics agents collectively formulate the best deployment of resources. 2- Provide netcentric, mobile, highly interactive MMI agents, which graphically and dynamically convey the FCS resupply deployment maneuvers with respect to payload distribution, transport routes, schedules, etc. for human interpretation, modification, and verification.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Ssu-Hsin Yu ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Bayesian Networks Cognitive Decision Aids Components for Battlefield Management
Abstract:	The focus of this proposal is to develop a suite of decision aids components to accomplish planning/replanning, learning, and inference. These components can then be assembled into applications to accommodate different needs and perspectives at different levels of the command structure. The particular components to be developed include (1) Influence Diagram component, (2) Bayesian Networks Inference component, (3) Bayesian Networks Learning component, and (4) Genetic Algorithm component. The Genetic Algorithm component and the Influence Diagram component allow users to generate and rank a set of alternative decisions, and enable users to evaluate the effects of changing events on a selected strategy. The Bayesian Networks Inference component allows users to maintain their situation awareness by propagating new information to all decision points which that information can affect. Adaptation of the decision aid process as new information becomes available is accomplished in the Bayesian Networks Learning component. Due the modular representation of knowledge of the Bayesian network structures and the ability of the Genetic algorithms to handle diverse optimization problems, the proposed components are scalable and sufficiently flexible to accommodate the needs of different decision aid applications. The project team consists of Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) as the prime contractor, and the Boeing Company as the sub-contractor.

SENTAR, INC. 4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 430-0860 Mr. Dale Brown ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 04JAN05
Title:	Logistics Agent-based Algorithm Test-bed (LAAT)
Abstract:	In this proposal, Sentar Inc. presents plans for a Logistics Agent-based Algorithm Test-bed (LAAT). LAAT will address problems associated with FCS logistics by utilizing state-of-the-technology software agents to support rapid prototyping, implementation, integration, and testing of logistics assessment algorithms. This novel concept is to feed FCS network centric health and usage monitoring information into the LAAT environment for use by LAAT developed logistics algorithms to validate and facilitate logistics actions. The LAAT environment is comprised of special-purpose logistics and agent-based software tools. . Sentar's KnoWebr tool to create the logistics algorithm environment titled, KALAE (KnoWebr Agent-based Logistics Algorithm Environment). . SPARTA's LogMAIT tool to take logistics action based on the results from KALAE. LAAT will provide realistic evaluation of these algorithms and ensure their utility within the FCS/Logistics Decision Support System (LDSS) environment. LAAT will utilize existing tools including software agent-based dynamic distributed problem solving, logistics management tool and the early SOSCOE capabilities (if available) to replicate key parts of the FCS environment and evaluate proposed algorithms. To ensure success, Sentar has formed a team of engineers and scientists from Sentar and their partner, SPARTA, to provide key technical skills and operational experience. Sentar delivers experts in agent-based software technology and logistics while SPARTA delivers in depth logistics expertise and working knowledge of the FCS program components. Working together, this team will develop the LAAT concept and design.

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 1845 Northwestern, Suite B El Paso, TX 79912
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(915) 877-3366 Mr. John R. Robbins ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	Decision aids, in the perspective of the soldier, exist to assist him in seven distinct operational areas - Plan, Deploy, Detect, Evaluate, Decide, Deliver, and Sustain. These represent "stages" of military operations - and at any stage the soldier may be required to fall back to planning, and a repeat of the process. Decision aids must be accessible to the soldier in such a way as to easily, and intuitively, allow for the soldier to request and obtain assistance. The objective of this effort is the continuing development of a JTA-A compliant "tool-kit" for Intelligent Decision Aiding of Remotely Deployed Unmanned Systems, both Ground (UGS) and Air (UAVs) supporting Munitions and Sensor operations. Intelligent aiding of planning, control and effective employment of missing payloads includes target area coverage, enemy movement, placement/engagement area selection as well as generation of tactical messages for fire support and control of fires. The resulting decision aiding "toolkit" for UGS and UAV will be created by using a combination of analytical and cognitive decision processes implemented in reusable software components conforming to The Weapons System Technical Architecture Working Group (WSTAWG) framework and Appendix F of the JTA-A.

DYNAMIC MACHINE WORKS, INC. 12 Suburban Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 667-0202 Mr. Kevin McGinley ARMY 04-012 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel High Strength, High Precision, High Ductility Warhead Case Material
Abstract:	Dynamic Machine Works, Inc. ("Dynamic") proposes to conduct extensive research and development on a combination of advanced materials and advanced processes that will result in the creation of revolutionary Warheads. Specifically, Dynamic can develop a more advanced, higher-strength, thinner, lighter, higher-value Warhead than is currently available if it combines a new generation of high-end materials with its innovative fabrication process, referred to as "flowforming." The final step in the new Warhead production process - knurling square patterns on the Warhead case - will create optimal fragmentation areas, thus making the Warheads even more effective.

ASPEN SYSTEMS, INC. 184 Cedar Hill Street Marlborough, MA 01752
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 481-5058 Dr. Somesh Mukherjee ARMY 04-013 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Use of Magnesium Composites to Reduce Weight of Mortar Systems
Abstract:	Metal matrix composites(MMC) has increasing applications in aerospace, transportation and military fields due to its high specific strength and stiffness. Magnesium (Mg) with a density of approximately two-thirds of aluminum is the lightest structural material. MMCs fabricated from magnesium thus provide an attractive alternative to Al based MMCs for use in future engineering applications. Despite this advantage, the study of Mg based MMCs remains fairly limited because of its poor corrosion resistance. Aspen proposes to design superior corrosion resistance Mg alloy based composites by changing its alloy chemistry, providing a simple, yet innovative coating technique and state of the art fabrication technique for processing Mg-based composites

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Sion Pickard ARMY 04-013 Selected for Award
Title:	Corrosion Resistant Squeeze Cast Net Shape Magnesium Composite Components
Abstract:	In this Phase I Innovation research program, MER will develop light weight, high strength and high stiffness magnesium matrix composites in the form of sub scale prototype parts for mortar applications. Strategies will be developed to minimize potential galvanic corrosion, using selected high strength fillers and high purity level alloys. Net shape parts with volume loading of filler ranging from 20-75% will be constituted from particulate and fiber including carbon fiber, alumina and SiC by low cost squeeze casting. Specific composite formulation will be chosen based on army input of strength and stiffness requirements in the field. Phase I will prove feasibility of light weight magnesium matrix composite parts with high strength, stiffness and corrosion resistance.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. Jacob Alexander ARMY 04-014 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Design for Lightweight Modular Intermodal Pallet Containers(L-MIPC)(1000-562)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. proposes a lightweight, low-cost, composite material design for future modular containers such that when 16 of these containers/pallets are joined together they form a 20' ISO equivalent unit. The composite lightweight modular intermodal pallet containers (L-MIPC) will be durable, corrosion resistant, leak proof, fire- retardant, and environmentally friendly. Triton will engineer and optimize the advanced thermoplastic or thermoset PMC materials for lightweight and to meet the performance requirements with unit cost as the primary driver. With its high strength-to-weight ratio, comparable stiffness, and energy absorption properties, engineered PMC offers significant potential for weight savings (30-40%), over aluminum designs. Triton proposes to use its FX polyphosphonate, a novel polymer additive, for flame retardancy in the resin system. Triton's proposed L-MIPC design would greatly support DoD logistics by eliminating banding, blocking and bracing required for the current ISO containers and would replace many other platforms. Retrograde operations would be significantly enhanced in both the DoD and commercial logistics world. The proposed design will mate with existing cargo handling equipment, allow intermodal transportability, support future combat systems (FCS) delivery and be a significant enabler for sea-basing operations.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Bauke Heeg ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Fiber-Optic Explosive Detection Device
Abstract:	In this proposal, we outline a plan to develop a novel ultra-compact fiber-optic Raman device for the detection of a variety of explosives. Its novelty is based on a sample cell design that allows enhanced overlap between the excitation laser and the gas sample, as well as more efficient signal collection. By optimizing laser source, sample cell and signal collection, ultra-sensitive detection to < 10 ppb may be achieved with this all-optical approach. Due to the specificity with the Raman technique, virtually zero false alarms can be obtained. Further, the proposed Raman device is all-optical and does not require any sample preparation or special materials for signal transduction. Further, the approach allows for a significant improvement in ruggedness compared to conventional designs. We outline the operational principles of the proposed system and the anticipated performance envelope, including a noise-reduction scheme. For Phase I, we propose to develop a breadboard system for analysis of critical performance and design parameters, determine the suitability for practical use under a variety of environmental conditions, and deliver a conceptual prototype design to be produced in Phase II.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Mark Fisher ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Detection of Munitions in Used Packing Materials
Abstract:	Munitions and detonable residues of energetic materials in used munitions containers represent a significant safety hazard to operations personnel and equipment. Besides the possibility of containing unexploded munitions, munitions containers are contaminated with explosives residues ranging in concentration from surface contamination to mass detonable quantities of explosives. While trace surface contamination does not pose a detonation risk, larger (bulk) quantities of explosive residue pose a substantial detonation risk. Given the large quantity containers used to ship munitions, technologies capable of rapid and accurate screening of munitions containers for munitions and mass detonable quantities of explosives are needed. Nomadics proposes to use our proven Fido explosives detection technology configured specifically to meet this urgent need. The project will involve characterization of the target materials, modification of the sampling system to support detection of munitions in packing materials, integration of the modified sampling system with the Fido detection platform, and demonstration of the system's effectiveness against the desired target in realistic scenarios. In Phase II, we will further optimize the munitions detection prototype and move toward a design that meets the system requirements while being capable of large-scale production.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CORP. 10 Basil Sawyer Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 957-2421 Dr. Santosh K Srivastava ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of a Person portable GPS mounted Internet ready Explosive Sensor
Abstract:	It is proposed to develop an ultra-sensitive, remotely operated, person portable, GPS mounted and internet ready explosive detector of novel design. It will consist of an ion source based on the elactro-spray ionization source for which 2002 Nobel Prize was awarded to Prof. John Fenn. His student,Dr. S. Fuerstenau,whose Ph.D. theses was based on this source is a consultant/collaboraotr of this proposal.This source will be modified to soft ionize explosive molecules present in the form of vapors in the ambient air with a very high efficiency. The ions of explosives will then be introduced into a miniature vacuum system through a device, recently developed by the P.I., called "Supersonic Pulsed Jet Separator, SPJS" in the form of short bursts, thereby reducing the pumping requirements which make a mass spectrometer based instruments bulky, heavy, and power consuming. The ions will be mass analyzed by a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer, also recently developed by the P.I., and detected by a charged particle detector. During first phase of the proposed work the following will be accomplished: 1) Design, build, and test the electro-spray ionization source, 2) fabricate the SPJS, 3) test the combination for its ability to convert explosive molecules into ions and measure the efficiency of this conversion, and 4) prepare a conceptual design of a person portable detector that will be fabricated during phase 2 of the proposed work.

NOKOMIS, INC. 6510 Brownsville Rd Pittsburgh, PA 15236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 650-6236 Mr. Walter J. Keller ARMY 04-016 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Super-Efficient Minimal Profile Omni-Directional Antennas for Low Power Applications
Abstract:	The need for efficient omni-directional low power internal antennas in military and civilian applications has grown rapidly for the last decade. This research seeks to develop a low profile high performance internal antenna technology with minimal overall volumetric requirements for transceivers operating between 425 MHz and 435 MHz. The end goal of the research is to develop an antenna product that will enhance the Army's Remote Readiness Asset Prognostic/Diagnostic System (RRAPDS). This effort will focus on the use of robust flexible and semi-flexible laminates with favorable material properties combined with innovative antenna structures that perform efficiently in the near vicinity of circuit boards, board components and non-conductive cases.

PHARAD LLC 1500 South Edgewood Street Baltimore, MD 21227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(443) 562-5253 Dr. Rodney Waterhouse ARMY 04-016 Selected for Award
Title:	Ultra thin Super-Efficient Antennas for Low Power Monitoring System
Abstract:	Pharad proposes to develop an efficient low profile miniature printed antenna that can be used for monitoring the environmental health status of munitions. The new printed antenna incorporates two innovative strategies to reduce the overall size of the radiator without compromising its efficiency. As a consequence of the techniques used to reduce the volume of the antenna, in particular its thickness, the antenna can easily be fabricated using simple printed circuit board procedures resulting in a low cost solution. We will use rigorous full-wave analysis tools to accurately model the new printed antenna and develop a design methodology for the radiating element such that it can be used for other applications where antenna real estate must be minimized. In Phase I of this project we will fabricate and test prototypes of the proposed antenna. We will also investigate ultra-thin and flexible material on which the miniature antenna can be mounted.

RM ASSOC. 1211 Deerfield Drive State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 865-1298 Dr. Raj Mittra ARMY 04-016 Selected for Award
Title:	Super-Efficient Omni-Directional Antennas for Low Power Wireless Ammunition
Abstract:	The objective of this effort would be to investigate several candidate designs for a Super-Efficient Omni-Directional Antenna for Low Power Wireless Ammunition "Health" Monitoring Systems, and to explore the use of dielectric materials, including metamaterials, for the purpose of size reduction without compromising the antenna performance. The design will be carried out by using a new antenna modeling tool for handling complex structures, viz., the CFDTD and it parallel version, developed by RMA for the DoD. The advantages of using the code is that is very versatile and that it has been validated by the Navy over a two-year period during which they have thoroughly tested the code for a wide variety of antenna designs. Typically, the monopole is a good candidate for omni patterns. However, the monopole design is not conformal and, hence, we would need to investigate alternate configurations for the sensor that meet the specifications given above. Recently, under an SBIR subcontract, RMA has developed a number of antenna designs that are low-profile in nature, and our plan is to explore the possibility of tailoring some of these proven designs for the problem at hand.

ELECTRONICS DEVELOPMENT CORP. 9055F Guilford Road Columbia, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 312-6665 Mr. John Gautz ARMY 04-017 Selected for Award
Title:	No-Preset Autonomous Proximity (NPAP) Fuzing-Med Cal Munitions
Abstract:	Some non-lethal systems require that they be initiated at an optimum standoff distance from the intended target so that can be properly deployed. The target will generally be personnel in an urban environment and will be engaged by infantry using hand held weapons. A typical asset used for launching these non-lethal weapons will be Mk19 Grenade Machine Gun in an essentially direct fire role. As a result the projectile trajectory will be relatively flat. A promising solution is to develop a proximity sensor capable of detecting the proper standoff without any presetting. Although we have selected a Microwave Sensor as the primary approach we will conduct tradeoff studies to verify that choice. In particular, an Active Laser Fuze will be considered. In addition, tradeofs will conducted on various implementations of these approaches. A set of selection criteria will be used to evaluate designs including reliability, size, accuracy and cost.

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6461 Mr. Herbert Fluhler ARMY 04-017 Selected for Award
Title:	No-Preset Autonomous Proximity (NPAP) Fuzing-Med Cal Munitions
Abstract:	This project develops a simple, reliable proximity fuze for 40mm grenades. The fuze will use ultra wideband (UWB) radar, providing reliable, accurate performance in spite of obscurants. The inherent characteristics of UWB (excellent resolution, interference rejection, multipath immunity) will make the fuze accurate. Recent and on-going development of UWB integrated circuits at Time Domain Corporation (TDC) will enable a simple, small, and affordable radar. Starting with recent work by TDC on a UWB radar fuze, TDC will analyze designs, concentrating especially on cost, size, and reliability. Only designs compatible with existing launchers and providing no-preset operation will be considered. Phase I yields the top level design, mathematical analysis of performance, system and board level requirements, and plans to proceed. Phase II provides a working prototype(s) and demonstrates performance. Within Phase II funding and depending on related development, the prototypes may not be small enough to fit within the grenade. Typical development of miniaturized RF equipment begins with larger prototypes for initial testing and proceeds to smaller unit for volume production. Successful completion of Phases I and II of this project results in the design of a simple, reliable 40mm proximity fuze based on UWB radar.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES LLC 50 Mollbrook Drive Wilton, CT 06897
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 762-7910 Dr. Lester Kosowsky ARMY 04-018 Selected for Award
Title:	Near-Vehicle Situational Awareness and Omnidirectional Weapons Detection System
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the Ground/Sea Vehicles, Sensors Technology Area and entails the development of a suite of video (visual and IR) and radar sensors for detecting and declaring the presence of near vehicle threats. Opportunistic hostile attacks present a constant threat to US troops while in ground-combat vehicles. Existing ground weapons detection and near-vehicle situational awareness technologies are limited in terms of sensor field of view, range, size, and reliable target detection and location, especially while the vehicles are in motion. Our novel combination of video and radar, offers a performance region that, for both situation awareness and detection of random lethal attacks, is a minimum of 30-200 meters.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Andrew Kostrzewski ARMY 04-018 Selected for Award
Title:	Real-Time Stereoscopic Catadioptric Omni-Detection System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for an omnidirectional weapons detection system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Real-time Stereoscopic Catadioptric Omni-detection (RESCO) system based on omnidirectional optical sensors, acoustic sensors, and compact, high-performance real-time processing hardware for motion stabilized target detection and locating. RESCO motion stabilization will exploit the spatial and temporal/motion information inherent in video data to significantly increase detection rates and decrease false alarms. The stereoscopic omnidirectional video system will detect and locate a threat with ultrawide field-of-view at >150 fps with ultrahigh resolution. Its visual and infrared imaging sensors will enable it to operate day/night, while acoustic sensors incorporated into the omnidirectional video system will enhance location precision with real-time sensor fusion. The data processing will be done in dedicated hardware with a high-performance data processing engine. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of RESCO by demonstrating the high-resolution omnidirectional video system with detection and locating capability as a proof-of-concept system. In Phase II POC plans to build a fully functional real-time omnidirectional weapons detection and location system, and to perform field testing with moving vehicles in an urban area.

TECHNOLOGY FOCUS LLC P.O. Box 142 Covina, CA 91723
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 281-5921 Dr. Francis A. Reed ARMY 04-019 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Wireless, Self-Mapping Small Baseline Acoustic Array
Abstract:	The Army needs small acoustic sensors that can provide good angle estimation at low frequencies. The TecFocus/CornerTurn team proposes to show the feasibility of a small baseline acoustic sensor for in-air use based upon pressure gradient microphone concepts proven in Navy sonars. To assure an adequate demonstration of feasibility a limited field demonstration of a sensor unit using either recorded or simulated vehicle radiated noise will be performed. This demonstration will utilize a prototype sensor unit and PC-based (non-real time) processing to estimate the bearing of in-air signals, providing a measurement of bearing accuracy under realistic conditions. This will be supplemented by an analysis of bearing estimation performance under more general conditions, as well as the sensitivity of bearing accuracy to practical limitations such as fidelity of microphone directional response and the amplitude/phase errors of the microphone channels. Bearing accuracy will be extrapolated to Army signals and scenarios to provide an indication of bearing accuracy as a function of target range. A preliminary system concept, including requirements for microphones, pre-amplification and A/D conversion, signal processing, and wireless link will be developed in sufficient detail to support development of a complete prototype in Phase II.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. John Bulluck ARMY 04-020 Selected for Award
Title:	Rapidly Emplaced Devices to Attach Sensors/Demolitions to Structures
Abstract:	Explosive breaching is frequently the fastest and most combat-effective method to gain access to compounds, buildings, and rooms. Current explosive and sensor attachment methods are a logistical burden, difficult to use, messy, slow, unreliable, and may require fixtures to work. Improved methods are needed to attach demolition items and sensors to wet, fouled, or underwater surfaces. Texas Research Institute Austin (TRI/Austin) proposes the use of a revolutionary new class of adhesives that are extraordinarily insensitive to water and offer extremely rapid cure and excellent bond strength, even at low temperatures. These materials can be hand applied using a simple, lightweight, disposable coaxial syringe. The proposed fast cure (< 15 seconds) adhesive will easily be able to hold a weight of several pounds, and should have a two-year shelf life. Although adhesives have been used for this application in the past, none of those products has the speed and robust cohesive properties of the proposed materials. A comprehensive test program will be conducted to prepare the formulation and packaging system for Army field use. Tests will include adhesion to plastic explosive simulants, mild steel, and interior and exterior building walls and ceilings, including unprepared and underwater surfaces.

MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 306-0609 Dr. Mauritz van Schalkwyk ARMY 04-021 Selected for Award
Title:	Projectile Data logger
Abstract:	When projectiles are being fired, they are exposed to extreme environmental conditions inside the gun barrel. There is a need to record these conditions for the purpose of designing of projectiles. With this device different areas of the projectile can be instrumented to record the stresses experienced. The environmental stresses could include temperature, acceleration, vibration, pressure, force, torque and strain. Mid? proposes to design a reusable device that will record these variables as well as crack detection and information from the guidance system. The proposed system will be a self-powered, high sample rate, robust, small and reusable data recorder. Mide's design approach is to use the high-density properties of a mixed logic ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) to combine all the analog circuitry in a compact area. When using discrete components a high percentage (>90%) of the space is under utilized, because of the area around each individual IC (Integrated Circuits) used for interconnection and decoupling. The IC itself also has large under utilized area as typical silicon needed for the function is extremely small but the package has to be large to enable mounting and electrical connections. With an ASIC there is a high density of silicon, shrinking the physical area.

SPACE HARDWARE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 923-9591 Mr. Alan Jones ARMY 04-021 Selected for Award
Title:	On-Board Recorder for Data Acquisition During Firing and Flight of Projectiles
Abstract:	SHOTr proposes to design and develop an innovative data acquisition system with previously unavailable capabilities for use in the research and development of precision munitions by the United States defense community. This second generation on-board recorder (OBR-II) has highly advanced interface and control features, all of which are under software control. These features provide for drastically improved simplicity in interfacing the precision munitions sensor suite, device functionality, data acquisition timing control, and data retrieval to virtually any PC via a USB port. In addition to these compelling improvements to the recorders currently in use, SHOT's OBR-II channel capacity, signal converter resolution, non-volatile data storage, and recorder storage capacity are far in excess of any of the high shock environment recorders available today. As part of the development of the OBR-II, SHOT will also investigate the structural analysis of novel physical configurations, housing materials, potting compounds, and electrical interface packaging. SHOT's OBR-II is a recorder that is capable of handling the high shock environment, as well as being truly simple to use and attractive in every regard to military and commercial customers.

SKIAMETRICS, INC. 19 Glengarry Winchester, MA 01890
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 721-2908 Dr. Paul Burstein ARMY 04-022 Awarded: 04JAN05
Title:	The X-ray Mega-Volt X-Ray Digital Imaging Inspection System
Abstract:	The X-ray Imaging Module (XIM) is a compact, efficient, inexpensive imager component that can be ganged with other XIMs to produce very high spatial resolution seamless images over very large areas, over 2 meters in a single dimension, if necessary. XIM provides fast, deep-dynamic range, low-noise calibrated digital readouts at a user-selectable/motion-coordinated rate, enabling virtually all reconstructive imaging applications, such as CT, TDI, and laminography. XIMs are easily constructed from existing components and subsystems and do not require any exotic technologies. Even at high x-ray energies, XIMs are radiation resistant. Skiametrics will design and build one XIM module, experimentally demonstrate edge-to-edge sensitivity and the ability to seamlessly stitch together sub-images produced by individual XIMs, as well as measuring the usual x-ray imaging characteristics, thereby validating the entire XIM-ganging concept. Phase I will incorporate software for data acquisition and control of XIM readout, and for analysis. Software specification for use of XIM with a standard application interface, e.g., LabView/MatLab, will be provided. The option program addresses developing an initial set of generally configurable tools for reconstructive imaging and will demonstrate one such application. Our approach emphasizes astute calibration techniques, tested algorithms, and lack of dependence on a single technology or provider.

AXSUN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1 Fortune Drive Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 640-1661 Mr. John Rasmussen ARMY 04-023 Selected for Award
Title:	LIGA-Based Low-Spin/Low-G Customizable Safe and Arm (S&A) Devices for Multiple Applications
Abstract:	Axsun Technologies proposes to research and design (Phase I), and develop and fabricate (Phase II) a simplified, low cost electromechanical and/or mechanical/energetic Safe and Arm (S&A) device (or family of devices) that will be fabricated using advanced LIGA-based manufacturing technologies. These advanced LIGA-based manufacturing technologies, the development of which is currently being funded by the JSSAP Office of the U.S. Army RDECOM under the MEMS S&A Development Program, will enable the production of rugged,smoothly operating mechanisms that will fully meet all of the functional performance requirements of the applications listed in the solicitation.

MORGAN RESEARCH CORP. 4811A Bradford Drive Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 533-3233 Dr. Philip Reiner ARMY 04-023 Selected for Award
Title:	Microsystems Technology (MST) for Fuzing in Low-Spin/Low-G Launch Environment
Abstract:	Morgan Research Corporation has developed a compact, lightweight, MEMS based safe and arming device concept for low-G launch, low spin rate munitions such as the 2.75 rocket. The designs include concepts for a MEMS rotation sensor, rotationally driven arming mechanism, and initial setback detector for low-G operations. This Phase I effort will focus on the development of these designs. New methods for safe and arming small munitions will be demonstrated for the first time along with techniques for automatic disarming of live, unexploded ordnance.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Albert Okorogu ARMY 04-024 Selected for Award
Title:	Scanning Second-Order Holographic Laser Acoustic System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army's need for a self-aiming laser acoustic target designator/classifier, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Second-order Scanning Holographic Laser Acoustic (SOHLA) system. SOHLA will be based on integration of uniquely designed aberration-corrected, high-efficiency, scanning single- or multibeam holographic telescopic optics (antenna) with unique laser acoustic sensing, second-order holographic interferometry (photorefractive crystal) and a tracking subsystem to place a laser-lock on a target. Second order holography has the unique advantages of real-time monitoring and the self-referencing effect of photorefractive nonlinear crystals or polymers, remarkably reducing the coherence and stability requirements of vibrometry and holographic systems. Thus, the resulting sensor is totally immune to vibration and environmental variations of the medium, and adaptable to changes in beam direction. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SOHLA laser scanning classification/tracking by fabricating a single laser scanning telescopic system for operation at a wavelength of 785 nm, integrated with a laser acoustic holographic sensing system and array of directional microphones. Phase II will produce a practical, field-deployable, self-aiming laser acoustic target designator with a fully developed target classification database.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Bryan Schleck ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Processing Smart Engine for Remote Sensing (PSERS)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop an innovative high-speed processing smart unit for remote sensing. The smart unit will provide a general-purpose platform that is capable of processing complex sensing algorithms from multiple sensor modalities in an extremely small form factor. As part of the project, multi-modal algorithms leveraging parallel processing techniques will be developed. In the Phase I program, CLX will conduct preliminary research and design a small, low-cost, high-speed processing smart engine to execute a variety of on board sensors. The design will be proved through processing of at least two different sensors simultaneously with a built-in wireless device.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord Street, #500 Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Mr. David Tunnell ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	A Novel Multi-Modal, Multi-Sensor General Purpose Processing Engine for Remote Surveillance
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project is to develop a novel Smart Optical SensorT (SOS) technology (hardware platform and embedded software) that can be added to any sensor type to remotely process complex algorithms. Existing surveillance systems typically utilize a variety of sensor modalities ranging from acoustic and seismic to video and infrared sensors. Olfactory based sensors and bio/chemical sensors are also becoming popular sensors for the defense of the United States. The algorithms used to process each of the sensor outputs have traditionally been processed on PC-based processors or expensive, large application specific hardware. Such centralized surveillance architecture fails to meet the ever-increasing demands of the military and homeland security for remote tactical surveillance to cover large geographic areas. The SOS concept we propose represents a new paradigm in intelligent surveillance. By incorporating computationally intensive smart processing algorithms into an embedded, low power hardware platform placed at the sensor location, we can eliminate much of the transmission bandwidth requirements demanded by current systems, providing only the data that is desired by the user. The chief goal of SOS research and development is to bring about a tactical network of sensor post-processors that are small enough to be physically added to the sensors to enable remote sensing literally anywhere the user desires.

STREAM PROCESSORS, INC. 1068 Vernier Place Stanford, CA 94305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 725-8086 Dr. Brucek Khailany ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Embedded Smart Sensor Electronics for Remote Sensing
Abstract:	Stream processors can provide 100s of GOPS of performance at low power levels with full programmability from high-level programming languages. SPI proposes to evaluate the applicability of these stream processors to remote surveillance systems where tens to hundreds of GOPS of performance and interfacing to a variety of sensors is required. As part of this evaluation, algorithm mapping and hardware demonstration for video and audio sensor filtering, processing, and compression is proposed.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Mr. Paul Cataldi ARMY 04-026 Selected for Award
Title:	An Innovative Confined Space Blast Wave Measurement System
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop an innovative blast wave measurement system that will characterize the three-dimensional nature of the blast inside an enclosed space. The innovation of our approach is in the design of the sensor modules that provide three-directional time resolved measurements of the blast wave static pressure and the blast front propagation direction. Using data to be obtained with our omni-directional blast wave measurements system in conjuction with data analysis algorithms, our system will determine the essential desired blast wave parameters. The Phase I program will concentrate on identifying the requirements of the system, refining the design to achieve these requirements, and assessing various transducers capable of achieving the requirements. PSI will also identify all the necessary hardware and software to characterize a 3-D model of the blast. During the Phase II program, PSI will fabricate the design, integrate modeling software, and produce a prototype to be validated during actual live fire testing at an Army facility.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Susan Fischer ARMY 04-027 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Multi-Tasking Assessment for Personnel Selection and Development
Abstract:	The primary objective of Phase I will be to design a practical, reliable, and valid computer-based assessment of the ability to perform well in a different types of multi-tasking environments, primarily those encountered by first-term Army enlistees. Formal development and validation of the measure will then take place in Phase II. The first objective in Phase I is to conduct a literature review to extend our current model of individual difference variables that predict multi-tasking performance. The second is to analyze the defining characteristics of several multi-tasking jobs in order to create a typology of MT environments that matches environmental characteristics to requisite cognitive and non-cognitive individual difference variables. The third objective will be to design a measurement approach that taps these critical individual difference variables. The fourth objective will be to develop studies to develop and validate the measurement approach. Phase I products will include a model of individual difference variables that predict multi-tasking ability; a model of different types of multi-tasking environments and the associated skills and abilities required to perform well in those environments the test design, the Phase II study design, and an optional prototype of the test.

DRASGOW CONSULTING GROUP LLC 3508 N. Highcross Rd Urbana, IL 61802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 328-1824 Dr. Charles L. Hulin ARMY 04-029 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Computer-Adaptive Assessment of Temperament to Support Personnel Selection and Classification Decisions
Abstract:	We intend to use our recently developed IRT model for scoring multidimensional pairwise preference items as the basis for a computerized adaptive test (CAT) that is designed to be fake resistant. The items will consist primarily of pairs of personality statements, on different dimensions, which are similar in social desiriability. A respondent's task will be to choose the statement in each pair that is "more like me." Our recent studies have shown this IRT approach to constructing and scoring fake-resistant items can successfully recover normative scores when at least two personality dimensions are assessed. Moreover, the use of adaptive item selection should greatly facilitate the process of test construction, increase measurement accuracy, and decrease testing time. In Phase I, we will 1) conduct a series of simulation studies involving our IRT approach to constructing and scoring multidimensional pairwise preference items; and 2) identify important and nonoverlaping temperament dimensions, relevant to performance in broad military and civilian job groups.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Michael Paley ARMY 04-030 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Shared Understanding Across Levels of Command
Abstract:	In any mission involving hierarchical levels of command, a key success factor is the clear communication of intent, as well as a common understanding of the ongoing situation, across levels of command. In practice, however, command intent may be distorted as subordinates communicate goals downward, and feedback upward, through the chain of command. To the extent that command intent is misunderstood by subordinates or upward feedback misunderstood by superiors, inconsistencies will exist, possibly leading to misinterpretations, inappropriate actions, and compromised mission effectiveness. The purpose of this Phase I SBIR project is to mitigate these problems both by developing a tool for measuring, and identifying a training approach for optimizing, the extent to which the understanding of intent is shared throughout a hierarchy. We propose an investigative program that links prior findings on shared cognition, situational awareness, and team training with new research on hierarchical goal structures and information sharing, focusing on both current and future battlefield scenarios. Our research uses the Combat Application Team (CAT) methodology, in which a panel of military experts collaborates to provide a holistic examination of shared intent from many perspectives. Complementary studies are aimed at quantifying the construct of "sharedness." Based on this research, a prototype assessment tool will be designed. Phase I will culminate in a demonstration of the feasibility of our approach, utilizing Aptima's Distributed Dynamic Decision-making (DDD) testbed, and thus facilitating Phase II development of a shared awareness tool and intervention program.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2419 Dr. Kathleen Hess ARMY 04-032 Selected for Award
Title:	New Technologies for Growing Leaders: Assessment of Wisdom
Abstract:	Increasingly, the Army has become engaged in "operations other than war." Compared to traditional combat operations, these missions are considerably more complex and ill-defined. Success in these operations requires that Army leaders view problems from a Joint Forces mindset, recognize the long-term implications of their command decisions, and make complex value judgments that have no clear, correct decision. In short, these missions require wisdom. The Army recognizes this need, and is currently searching for an effective way to develop wisdom among Army leaders. Aptima proposes to develop a scenario-based assessment and advisory tool: the Army Wisdom Assessment and Readiness Development (AWARD) system. AWARD will assess the wisdom level of Army officers and NCOs, diagnose areas for improvement, and identify meaningful developmental experiences. During Phase I, we will develop a theoretical framework that outlines the dimensions, development, and outcomes of wisdom as they pertain to Army leadership. From this theory, we will develop a paper-and-pencil, scenario-based instrument for assessing wisdom throughout the Army chain of command. We will also develop specifications for a software version of this tool, to be built in Phase II, whose intelligent agents will score the leaders' responses and provide diagnostic feedback for improving their level of wisdom.

CHAMELEON OPTICS, INC. 3401 Market Street, Suite 217 Philadelphia, PA 19104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 387-2717 Dr. Paul J. Martin ARMY 04-033 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide Nano Particles
Abstract:	Chameleon Optics was founded on March 10, 1998 in Philadelphia, PA, for the purpose of developing unique devices based on proprietary chromogenic (color-changing) coatings. The company is a resident organization of the University City Science Center, one of the largest and most successful business incubators in the world. Chameleon Optics has patented technology to produce reflective flexible electrochromic devices based on electrochromic tungsten oxide particles dispersed in a fluoropolymer matrix. These devices are much less costly and easier to manufacture than their rigid counterparts. However, like their rigid counterparts, these flexible electrochromic devises exhibit inadequate switching speed, spectral response and switching potential to be commercially attractive. The objective of this Phase I effort will be to demonstrate a flexible electrochromic device with substantially improved properties through the control of the size and shape of the electrochromic tungsten oxide particle imbedded within the polymer matrix. Pursuant to the above objective, we propose to (1) formulate a material system utilizing particle size and shape control, with special emphasis on generating nanoparticles; (2) characterize this new system structurally; and (3) test the resulting device for improvement in switching speed, spectral response and switching potential.

KENT DISPLAYS, INC. 343 Portage Blv Kent, OH 44240
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(330) 673-8784 Dr. Bill Doane ARMY 04-033 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Self Powered Cholesteric Reflective Flexible Displays
Abstract:	A reflective display that simultaneously serves to generate power from ambient light is developed to create a flexible body worn display that does not require battery replacement or user charging. Taking advantage of optical features unique to the bistable cholesteric technology, the dual purpose reflective display makes efficient use of ambient light to convert into electrical power remaining light not reflected by the image even while the device is being operated as a display. Not possible with other known display technologies, a self powered, high resolution cholesteric display on a flexible substrate is developed for maps, text, photos and graphics at a page turn rate, on the average, of several pages per minute.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Mr. Jack Salerno ARMY 04-035 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Multi-Channel High-Speed Phase/Amplitude Manipulation
Abstract:	Agiltron, Inc proposes a fully integrated approach for free-space laser communication transceiver components offering multi-channel beam combination and separation with fast phase-shift and amplitude-variation capabilities. The innovation is independent electro-optic manipulation of the orthogonally polarized input/output signals, both in phase and amplitude, by using advanced Ti: MgO: LiNbO3 waveguide structures. We anticipate achieving the target performance of 4 pi phase- and 20 dB amplitude-variation independently controlled for each transmitting-signal channel; low operating voltage (<20v), high isolation (>55dB) between transmit and receive paths; and the integration of over 128 channels on a single chip. Using multiple-chip integration, the proposed concept may be cost effectively scaled to very large channel counts. LiNbO3 waveguide technology is the most mature and reliable guided-wave technology for practical high-performance electro-optical devices. MgO doped LiNbO3 technology broadens the applications into high power electro-optic and nonlinear optical devices. LiNbO3 waveguide devices are mass-produced, coupled to optical fibers with reasonable optical loss, and packaged to withstand harsh environmental conditions and provide long-term operation in telecommunications systems. A preliminary device will be fabricated in Phase I for evaluation. Further performance improvement and channel scaling will be addressed in the subsequent Phase II effort.

EOSPACE, INC. 8711 148th Ave NE Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 702-8407 Dr. Walter Charczenko ARMY 04-035 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Photonic Multi-Channel Transmit/Receive Integrated Phase and Amplitude Controller
Abstract:	The development of compact Gbit/sec bandwidth Army free-space, laser communication systems requires a new generation of fiber-optic, high-speed, multi-channel beam controllers. It is proposed to develop a low-loss, multi-channel, integrated transmit/receive, beam-combiner and controller with high-speed, low voltage phase shifting and amplitude modulation capabilities. The Transmit/Receive (Transceiver) Integrated Phase and Amplitude Controller (TRIPAC), will be made using compact, ultra-low-loss, electro-optic Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) optical waveguide IC technology. This monolithic solid-state device will be capable of launching and splitting a high-power 1550 nm laser beam into an array of multiple parallel high-speed phase shifters and amplitude controllers operating simultaneously on both transmitted and received beams.

SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3307 BOB WALLACE AVENUE, SUITE 3 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 876-4204 Mr. Brian Burris ARMY 04-036 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Radar Target Signature Modulator
Abstract:	A radar target signature modulator (RTSM) concept is proposed based on technologies and implementations developed for RF missile seeker hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facilities at the Redstone Arsenal Missile Research and Development Center. For the proposed application, these designs must be extended to be ultra-wideband, covering 2 GHz at the center of X-band. With the advent of commercially available wideband I&Q modulators operating at X-band, the tapped delay concepts developed for narrowband HWIL applications can now be applied to the development of the RTSM system described in the topic synopsis. The tapped delay implementation permits the generation of multi-scatterer target range profile signatures incorporating large numbers of scatterers for each of two orthogonal polarizations. The tapped delay design is independent of target model scatterer count, depending only on the maximum radar range resolution. The real-time tap modulation is independent of changing radar waveforms. This technique has been verified and validated in its narrowband implementation. The extension of the tapped delay system to cover the required 9-11 GHz band will be challenging but relatively low-risk.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2467 Dr. Georgiy Levchuk ARMY 04-037 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	PERSUADE: PERSonnel-based Unit of Action Design Environment
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed work is to utilize innovative optimization algorithms and normative engineering models for the design of Army organizations. This system will increase productivity and efficiency of Army organizations by identifying critical factors in organizational structure, resource control, and processes given mission goals, team expertise, informal relationships, and resource/manpower constraints. The ultimate product of this research effort is the PERSonnel-based Unit of Action Design Environment (PERSUADE) Toolset - an interactive simulation, optimization and decision aid software environment that will help human users quickly and easily determine an optimized mix of factors that maximize organizational effectiveness, given a particular organizational context and mission structure. To accomplish these goals, a model will be developed that will allow linking the organizational structure and processes with the mission and environment, and predict the likely interplay between organizational factors based on defined performance criteria. PERSUADE builds on validated organizational modeling and optimal organizational design approaches, extending them to include representations of the informal relationship among unit members such as trust and unit cohesion, and the effects of these relationships on unit performance.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 277-9288 Dr. Dawn Riddle ARMY 04-037 Awarded: 24NOV04
Title:	Expeditionary Future Force and Element Configuration Tool (EFFECT)
Abstract:	The U.S. Army's Future Force strategy will result in a Force that (1) is capable of conducting any mission in any environment against any enemy, and (2) enables individuals at any level within the Force to access the same information and situational awareness. The two capabilities together allow and even require individuals to achieve a higher level of autonomy in decision making than is currently possible, enabling them to act more like leaders. To accommodate such objectives, however, the Force must be extremely adaptable and flexible, able to tailor its units to the particulars of a given mission and environment-a complex task, given the variety of factors influencing team effectiveness and the potential time pressure involved. The proposed effort will investigate the feasibility of a decision support tool to assist in the process. The tool is intended for expeditionary force and unit planners who must quickly design maximally effective teams in terms of mission outcome, morale, and so on. Specifically, it will help determine the optimal structure (e.g., centralized vs. decentralized) and ideal characteristics (e.g., cohesiveness, decision making authority) of an organization and team based on assessments of mission-specific goals and requirements, environmental parameters, available resources, and current capabilities.

APPLIED PERCEPTION, INC. 109 Gateway Avenue, Suite 201 Wexford, PA 15090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(724) 934-8965 Dr. Parag Batavia ARMY 04-038 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Soldier Universal Robot Controller
Abstract:	Current robotic controllers place a great deal of emphasis on graphical control methods. While graphics and visualization are an important and critical method for controlling robotic assets, they are not sufficient in all cases. The ideal robotic controller would enable the soldier to interact with the robot in the same manner as he interacts with other subordinates, with there being no distinction between a robotic or human subordinate. While this goal requires a great deal of technology development both in controller design and in robotic autonomy, there is much that can be done to improve the state of the art in robot controllers using existing principles and technologies, to enable a more natural interaction between robot and soldier In this proposal, we present a plan to develop a Soldier Universal Robot Controller (SURC) to enable Seamless Integration between the soldier and a team of robots. The SURC will make use of multi-modal hardware (audio and visual) for input and output and a multi-tiered interface model based on robot capabilities and mission requirements; it will have cognitive aids to reduce operator workload and modulate the interface, and will use terminology familiar to the soldier (as taken from Army Field Manuals) to minimize training time, costs and cognitive burden; it will further reduce operator workload by making use of existing collaborative robotics technologies to share information between robots. Finally, there will be an embedded simulation capability for mission rehearsal and training.

CHATTEN ASSOC., INC. 1094 New Dehaven Avenue West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 940-6040 Mr. Kent Massey ARMY 04-038 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Soldier Universal Robot Controller
Abstract:	We propose a universal OCU that will control small robots of different types. The operator interface is displayed on a helmet-mounted micro-display. The control inputs are a head-aimed camera system in conjunction with a controller (thumbstick and two buttons) that is integrated into the operator's rifle stock/grip. The result is an intuitive interface that allows the operator to "look around" the control menu system and other displays using natural head motion, and interact with the menus or vehicle control while keeping his/her hand in firing position. The head-aimed camera in the vehicle allows the operator to maintain situational awareness at the vehicle as well as personal situational awareness, for maximal mission effectiveness and safety. In Phase I, we will develop a comprehensive software architecture and operator interface to access the functional capabilities of a robotic vehicle as well as other data, such as maps for laying navigational waypoints. We will also design a wireless thumbstick, and integrate the controller into a rifle grip. In the Phase I Option, we will implement a selected subset of the interface functions, and test the OCU on a small UGV of our own design.

NOVA ENGINEERING, INC. 5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 642-3208 Dr. David Hartup ARMY 04-039 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	RF Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) for Retargeting
Abstract:	A new family of munitions that can be retargeted in flight is being developed. In order to obtain timely and accurate target position and velocity information, new sensor arrays are needed. This proposal describes the use of a radar system to obtain the position and velocity information. Integrated with the radar system is a self-forming, networked radio system that performs the function of sensor node localization and transfer of information among nodes. Key design goals include small size, low cost, and the ability to operate from a battery for extended periods of time. Additionally, radar foliage penetration capability and use of a minimum number of GPS equipped nodes is important to the system design.

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC. 641 SE Central Parkway Stuart, FL 34994
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(772) 283-0253 Mr. John F Justak ARMY 04-040 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	A Non-Contacting, Compliant Seal for Improved Turbine Engine Performance
Abstract:	Advanced Technologies Group, ATG, proposes a Hybrid Advanced Robust Dependable (HARD) Seal that exceeds the Army's advanced high temperature seal application requirements. The ATG HARD seal is a non-contacting film riding seal design that will build on patented hybrid-Brush seal success at ATG. This vanguard design, when combined with advanced high temperature materials will provide unrivaled durability, reliability, performance, and maintainability at temperatures approaching 1800,aF, differential pressures to 250 psi, and surface speeds of 1500 feet per second.

MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 862-4290 Dr. Hooshang Heshmat ARMY 04-040 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Innovative Gas Path Sealing Concepts for Improved Turbine Engine Performance
Abstract:	The specific innovation proposed by MiTir in response to the US Army topic is a high performance compliant foil radial seal for advanced turboshaft/turboprop engines to replace labyrinth seals and/or brush seals. A non-contacting compliant dynamic seal overcomes the performance and life limitations associated with contacting seals in which clearances between the rotating and static structures increases with time, resulting in increased flow and decreased differential pressure across the seal. Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. (MiTi?) proposes continued research and development of a robust, high temperature, high speed, non-contacting, hydrodynamic compliant foil seal with a leakage rate far less than either a labyrinth or brush seal that will not degrade in performance between engine overhauls, even after rotor excursions due to maneuver loads or surge. To achieve this goal, a two pronged approach will be used that includes the application of an existing foil seal analysis capability and verification testing of a new compliant foil seal design. The objective of this Phase I effort is the resolution of design limitations identified under previous compliant foil seal testing.

GENERAL SCIENCES, INC. 205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 723-8588 Mr. Anthony Rozanski ARMY 04-041 Awarded: 29NOV04
Title:	Multipurpose Reactive Materials
Abstract:	Next generation energy rich materials are under development for both military and civilian uses. These materials are non-explosive (they do not detonate) and are generally referred to as "Reactive Materials". Reactive materials are being developed in conjunction with, or independent of, classical explosives; reactive materials serve as blast enhancers for thermobaric explosives, reactive fragments cause enhanced lethality damage to missiles and enclosed systems when compared to inert kinetic energy penetrators, produce high temperature, structurally conforming fireballs for the defeat of biological and chemical agents, allow the destruction of land mines without causing damaging detonation, produce reactive shape charge liners for defeat of concrete and armor targets, as well as providing "stealth" defeat of electronic equipment and other applications, currently under development, to benefit both defense and research. General Sciences with guidance from the U.S. Army will develop technology and applications, specifically suited to low velocity, close to the ground encounters and targets of interest to the U.S. Army. Several tasks are proposed in order to demonstrate the suitability of GSI technology in meeting the needs of the Army for new reactive materials and warhead concepts and to develop a test plan to transition into larger scale tests in a second phase.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2496 Mr. John Colonna-Romano ARMY 04-043 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Manpower and Personnel Estimation Methods for Post-Deployment Software Maintenance
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to provide the basis for a decision support capability for project/program managers early in the systems acquisition process so they can make informed decisions to reduce life cycle costs and improve deployed system readiness. This project will apply Cognitive Work Analysis and Systems Dynamics modeling to identify and model factors, relationships and constraints available early in the acquisition process which can predict characteristics of the sustainment environment (such as costs and system readiness). The factors primarily take into consideration the cognitive demands required to operate the system and the various means to satisfy those demands such as personnel selection, manpower, training and support. Organizational mechanisms of the sustainment environment will also be considered. The sustainment predictions are used as a metric to optimize the design of the system to reduce future sustainment costs, improve deployed system readiness and plan the sustainment environment.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Mr. Michael Painter ARMY 04-043 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Manpower and Personnel Estimation Methods for Post-Deployment Software Maintenance
Abstract:	The goal of this effort is to develop an advanced methodology and supporting tools to facilitate the definition of post-deployment software support staff selection, staffing levels, and training requirements for emerging weapon systems. The resulting capabilities will greatly enhance the Army's ability to investigate, analyze, and quantify the impact of various software maintenance concepts on soldier-focused performance metrics (e.g., availability). The Phase I project will (i) determine appropriate model(s) for post-deployment software maintenance workload estimation, (ii) define a post-deployment software maintenance concept analysis and refinement methodology, (iii) define automation support needs for post-deployment software maintenance concept formulation and analysis, (iv) define prototype tool architecture and development strategy, and (v) document Phase I results and develop Phase II approach. The main results of the Phase I project will be (a) a new methodology for maintenance concept analysis and refinement and (b) an architectural strategy and initial design for the tools needed to support post-deployment software maintenance requirements analysis. The proposed developments will provide the capability to determine software operations and maintenance burden estimates and to analyze the implications of that burden in the context of different maintenance concepts.

ECLIPSE ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 2345 Anvil Street North St. Petersburg, FL 33710
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(727) 347-4200 Ms. Hulya Demiryont ARMY 04-044 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Flexible Transparent Conducting Films
Abstract:	There is a significant market for electrochromic devices deposited on flexible substrates for building thermal control and energy conservation and automotive applications to improve passenger comfort by modification of optical properties of window and, in particular, the reflectance of vehicular mirrors, spacecraft and building systems. The present proposal suggests the use of metal oxide based electrochromic layers in conjunction with novel polymer electrolytes to provide a long-lasting flexible modular electrochromic device.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Dr. Jennifer Lalli ARMY 04-044 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	METAL RUBBERT Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Conductive Transparent Elastomers
Abstract:	NanoSonic, Inc. specializes in electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processing of well-defined inorganic nanoclusters and high performance organic polymers which has led to a family of METAL RUBBERT transparent, electrically conductive, free standing elastomeric films. This novel approach yields inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposites with multiple controlled constitutive properties: bulk resistivity (10-5 ?∙cm to 105 ?∙cm), mechanical properties (modulus 0.1 MPa to 100 MPa), chemical and abrasion resistance, and transparency. NanoSonic's ESA process builds films of controlled thickness ranging from conformal coatings (nm thin) on polymer, metal and semiconductor substrates to free standing (mm thick) flexible films. Excellent molecular homogeneity (+/- 5 nm) is achieved by the alternate layer-by-layer adsorption of the target materials. NanoSonic's durable METAL RUBBERT films are prepared at a fraction of the cost of vacuum sputtered films and with greater versatility in reagents. During Phase I, transparent films with steady bulk resistivity upon flexing will be designed and synthesized by self-assembly of high performance compliant polymers with nanostructured inorganic conductors. Optimized films will be demonstrated on Army's next generation flexible information displays and adaptable electronic devices and on external multi-layered flexible sensor array coatings for (Phase II partner) Lockheed Martin vehicles for combined sensing and solar power generation.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Bryan Schleck ARMY 04-045 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Simultaneous Real-Time Processing Surveillance Receiver (SRPSR)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop a digital receiver with tightly coupled massively parallel signal processing to overcome the inherent limitations in current state of the art surveillance receivers. The proposed digital receiver will have the ability to measure intended and unintended spectral emissions of electronic equipment in a very dense, noisy signal environment. In the Phase I program, CLX will develop the technical specifications for all of the system components and identify them as commercially available or to be developed. Specifically, CLX will model and predict performance of the proposed system which will include detailed theoretical and laboratory investigations on the design and performance of the critical components in order to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed design.

CROSSFIELD TECHNOLOGY LLC 8600 RR620 North, Suite 2936 Austin, TX 78726
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 680-0269 Dr. Gary McMillian ARMY 04-045 Awarded: 24NOV04
Title:	Advanced Ultra Broad Band Direct Conversion Digital Receiver
Abstract:	Crossfield Technology proposes an innovative direct conversion receiver and digital signal processor system that provides ultra wideband frequency coverage at ultra high frequency resolution. Key features of Crossfield's ultra wide band receiver and signal processor design include: Ultra wide band direct conversion (zero-IF or near-zero-IF) using state-of-the-art SiGe analog-to-digital converter technology. An innovative parallel digital signal processor design based on ultra-high performance, commercial off-the-shelf, components implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology that computes the Fourier transform and power spectral density (PSD) in near-real-time and at a break-through performance level, even for the exceptionally large transforms required to achieve 0.1 Hz resolution over a 1 GHz bandwidth. Modular system architecture using a next generation switched backplane configured in a mesh routing topology for ultra-high bandwidth between direct conversion receiver and parallel digital signal processors.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Ms. Lori Bracamonte ARMY 04-046 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Silicon Nitride Based Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications
Abstract:	There is a need to replace steel gun barrels, both to improve lifetime and reduce weight. Ceramic liners are obvious candidates due to their high wear and corrosion resistance, as well as high temperature capabilities, and Si3N4 is a preferred material. However, Si3N4 tubes greater that 200mm in length cannot be fabricated to the required tolerances due to bowing during processing. It is proposed that this problem be addressed by combining developed green body fabrication processes as practiced commercially by SiNeramics with the patented continuous sintering process of Dr. Dale E. Wittmer, Wittmer Consultants, Inc. (WCI). This sintering has already been demonstrated to be enabling in terms of producing ceramic bodies that maintain dimensional integrity over significant lengths. Two Si3N4-based compositions will be explored: (1) a cost effective, commercial one that has excellent properties, and (2) a typical one where oxide additives, incorporated as coatings, will be used to improve uniformity of the green body and minimize density gradients. The combined extensive advanced gun barrel material development experience of MER with SiNeramics and WCI's expertise ensures high potential for the successful development of SiN4 tubes for gun barrel applications.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. George Hida ARMY 04-046 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Sialon for Monolithic Ceramic Gun Barrel Liners
Abstract:	Standard chromium plated steel gun barrels have long been a limitation in lifecycle and lethality and limits utilization of more advanced propellants and projectiles as well as inherently heavy. It is anticipated that some select ceramic materials as gun barrel liners will substantially increase barrel life, accuracy, muzzle kinetic energy and provide a considerable weight reduction. One specific sialon ceramic composition of Si3Al3O3N5 has higher strength and fracture toughness than any other monolithic ceramic and has been production produced by the PI in tubes similar to gun barrel liners in lengths of 1200 mm with a tolerance very close to that required for gun barrel liners. This program will utilize the demonstrated production processing of Si3Al3O3N5 sialon as a basis and demonstrate processing control to produce 500 mm barrels that meet diameter tolerance of �0.15 mm and concentricity/bowing specification equivalent to current metal barrels. Sialon tubes 500 mm long that meet tolerance specifications will be delivered and a 1000 mm tube will be produced which is possible because of the established production processing that has produced 1200 mm sialon tubes.

SIMMETRIX, INC. 10 Halfmoon Executive Park Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 348-1639 Dr. Ottmar Klaas ARMY 04-047 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	The Multiscale Simulation Application Suite
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR project will develop a generalized multiscale modeling environment to allow the easy integration and use of multiple analysis codes needed for multiscale modeling. Multiscale modeling is a growing numerical analysis technique that is critical to solving some of the fundamental problems in micro-electronics, bio-technology, and nano-technology. Current technologies do not address the unique requirements of multiscale modeling, making the software difficult to apply to these important problems. These developments will build off of an existing set of software components designed for the integration of computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering, as well as a highly customizable rapid application development environment. These tools will be enhanced with capabilities specific to the pre- and post-processing of multiscale analyses as well as the core technologies to enable the integration of analysis codes interacting at multiple scales.

SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1195 Atlas Road Columbia, SC 29209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(803) 647-9757 Dr. Thomas M. Katona ARMY 04-048 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	InGaN-Channel Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor With Double Recessed Gate for Improved RF Performance
Abstract:	We propose a new approach for fabrication of reliable, high breakdown voltage InGaN-channel transistors for next generation radars and communications systems. Double recessed gate design enabled to increase breakdown voltage, alleviate non-ideal effects, and suppressing current instabilities and dispersion effects in GaAs-based HEMTs. However, no robust high performance double recessed gate GaN-based HFET technology has been developed. We propose to develop new epitaxial layer design with ternary (InGaN) and quaternary (AlInGaN) stop etch layers for double recess device fabrication. We already demonstrated significant improvement in the RF performance of AlGaN/InGaN/AlGaN/GaN-based HFETs with recessed gate design. We used our novel Migration Enhanced MOCVD (MEMOCVDTM) deposition technique to incorporate a very thin (2 nm) InGaN layer into AlGaN barrier. We propose to combine this approach with our novel AlGaN/AlInGaN/InGaN/GaN based Triple HFET (THFET) design. Quaternary AlInGaN cap layer grown over InGaN channel will be used as a second (lower) stop etch layer for RIE etch. We will recess both source and drain ohmic contacts and will fabricate them on In-containing AlInGaN cap layer for reduced contact resistance. The benefits of the proposed design are higher breakdown voltage without introduction of field plate design (which degrades high-frequency performance) and suppression of current dispersion.

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 934-2100 Dr. Andrei Osinsky ARMY 04-048 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	AlInGaN-based Transistors for Advanced Applications
Abstract:	Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been demonstrated with superior characteristics that make them promising candidates for high-performance radar, communication, imaging and other advanced applications. Still, there remain performance and reproducibility related issues that must be addressed to achieve successful commercialization of these devices. In this Phase I project, we will investigate indium containing AlInGaN HEMTs as part of the effort towards improving dc and rf performance. The work will involve novel device design, material growth, and wafer processing.

PRINCETON LIGHTWAVE, INC. 2555 Route 130 South, Suite 1 Cranbury, NJ 08512
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 495-2546 Dr. Dmitri Garbuzov ARMY 04-049 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Highly Efficient, Power-Scalable Long-Wavelength Diode Laser Pumps for Eye-Safe Solid-State Laser Development
Abstract:	For this SBIR program, Princeton Lightwave Inc. proposes the development of 1530 nm InGaAsP/InP laser diode pump arrays with powers in excess of 50 W from 1-cm bars with the potential for scalability to a two-dimensional bar stack format without limitation in the number of one-dimensional array elements. For use in pumping eye-safe Er:YAG solid state lasers (SSLs) emitting at ~1620-1640 nm, these arrays will be designed to achieve at least 80% photon absorption by the group of Er lines at ~1530 nm in Er:YAG solid state laser gain media and in excess of 90% coupling efficiency with collimating microlenses. Highly effective thermal management will be developed using both optimized microchannel coolers and an innovative evaporative spray cooling system that will also be designed for scalability to support very high power 2D bar stacks (in excess of 500 W). We will build on our existing extremely reliable (>1E6 hours) InP-based low beam divergence pump laser platform that has already demonstrated 42 W CW operation from 1-cm arrays with nearly 34% conversion efficiency at maximum power. Arrays developed for this program will provide unprecedented performance for eye-safe diode-pumped SSLs as well as for direct diode use.

QUINTESSENCE PHOTONICS CORP. 15632 Roxford St. Sylmar, CA 91342
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 833-4664 Dr. Jeff Ungar ARMY 04-049 Awarded: 27DEC04
Title:	Spectrally Tailored High Efficiency Long Wave Pumps for Eye-Safe Solid-State Lasers
Abstract:	Diode arrays in the 1500 nm band are important pump sources for very low photon-energy-deficit pumping of eye-safe lasers. The power output, power efficiency and pump absorption of commercially offered arrays in this band are not as high as 800-1000 nm diodes. By using innovative laser array designs, we plan to develop diodes with output powers and conversion/absorption efficiencies as high as short-wave pump arrays.

AMSEN TECHNOLOGIES LLC 1684 South Research Loop, Suite 518 Tucson, AZ 85710
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 546-6944 Dr. Hongxing Hu ARMY 04-050 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Multifunctional Power Generating Structures
Abstract:	This program aims to develop a novel nanotube-reinforced composite PEM for multifunctional power generating structures. The innovation in the present effort is to take advantage of our capability and make use of the superior mechanical properties of the nanotubes including large aspect ratios, high tensile strength, and low density, which may result in significant increase in the tensile modulus of the nanotube-reinforced composite PEM, while the transport properties of the composite membrane that are relevant to fuel cell performance may not to be significantly compromised. The outcome of the present effort may provide the needed product to the Army. Such products will also have a significant commercialization potential.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2138 Mr. John Gordon ARMY 04-052 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	Sodium-Air Batteries Based on Sodium Super-Ionic Conducting Electrolyte
Abstract:	High energy density battery will be developed by combining metallic sodium anode with an air cathode. The proposed sodium-air battery is expected to dominate the performance of lithium-air battery. This battery technology is based on sodium conducting solid-electrolyte developed at Ceramatec Inc. The sodium conducting solid-electrolyte has conductivity in the range of 10-2 S/cm at ambient temperature and is expected to be chemically stable when in contact with sodium metal. The proposed electrolyte can be fabricated into a thin structure, which will significantly enhance the gravimetric and volumetric energy and power density characteristics of sodium-air batteries. The proposed batteries can potentially deliver energy densities exceeding 500 Wh/kg and cell voltages of 2.5 - 3.0 V with potentially high rate capability, charge retention, and shelf life characteristics required for military applications

EXCELLATRON 263 Decatur Street Atlanta, GA 30312
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 584-2475 Dr. Aishui Yu ARMY 04-052 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	ALL SOLID STATE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY
Abstract:	A novel approach is proposed for the development of safe lithium-air batteries that offer high-energy storage capacity and extended standby and operational life. The proposed battery will use a lithium anode, an air cathode having an air stable non-volatile electrolyte and a multilayer polymer electrolyte/glass electrolyte barrier to protect the lithium anode from direct reactions with water and oxygen from the atmosphere. Since there will be no volatile liquid electrolyte, safety performance of the lithium-air battery will be enhanced. The areas to be studied include the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte, as well as the interface between lithium metal and polymer electrolyte, and the moisture absorption behavior of the air electrode. In Phase II we will investigate the performance of the whole battery system and battery structure to produce an all solid state lithium oxygen battery.

BROOKHAVEN TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC. 12-12 Technology Drive Setauket, NY 11733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 941-9177 Dr. James Powell ARMY 04-053 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Controllable Direct Electrical Conversion of Isotopic Radiation
Abstract:	Radioisotopes and nuclear isomers are of special interest as energy storage devices because they have the potential to store energy with higher energy density and longer life than chemical and most other devices. If their energy can be released by excitation (triggering) by an external source, they can provide on-demand high power. Both nuclear isomers and radioactive isotopes release their energy at a specific rate by emission of gamma rays and/or charged particles. To use radioactive materials as high energy density devices for remote applications depends on having a means to capture and convert the energy to useful form such as direct voltaic, thermal voltaic, chemical or mechanical. Whether or not isomers can be triggered, it is useful to examine how isotope and isomer decay energy can be captured and converted to one of these forms. This research examines means to capture and convert decay energy from triggered isomers and ordinary radioisotope sources.

ECOPULSE PO Box 528, zip 22150, 7844 Vervain Ct Springfield, VA 22152
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 644-8419 Dr. Nino R. Pereira ARMY 04-053 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Modeling devices based on Isotopic Radiation
Abstract:	We propose to construct a model for devices that use isomers as their energy source by adding the necessary information to Sandia's ITS code. The code can quantify the performance of advanced power sources if an analytical evaluation is insufficient.

SOHAR, INC. 5731 W. Slauson Ave, Suite 175 Culver City, CA 90230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 338-0990 Dr. Herb Hecht ARMY 04-054 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Miniature Actuators for Small Arms Munition Control
Abstract:	A new method of actuating MEMS devices is proposed for attitude-control of small-arms munitions. This method is compatible with existing foundry tooling and offers the potential of commutating relatively small forces into larger ones, capable of steering a high speed bullet. The method is not sensitive to high-G environments and reacts nearly instantaneously. Active-guidance of a prototype munition, which employs this new actuator, is discussed as a means to demonstrate reproducible movement. The concept is refined through a feasibility analysis, test plan and risk assessment in detail during Phase I in preparation for Phase II prototyping. Zero modifications are required of the weapon system used to demonstrate the smart munition.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Ms. Karen A. Harper ARMY 04-055 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	SAMPLE-based Model for Intelligent Task performance by Human operators (SMITH)
Abstract:	The Army has engaged in a modeling and simulation effort to develop advanced technologies and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) supporting the transformation to the network-centric warfare (NCW) concept. These activities have culminated in the Modeling Architecture for Technology, Research, and Experimentation (MATREX), a fully distributed and service-based architecture encouraging the "plug-and-play" of individual models. Within the MATREX, the Command, Control, and Communications Grid (C3Grid) models operator behaviors using a behavior engine based on the Java Expert System Shell (JESS), and has been deemed insufficient to effectively model the expanding range of behaviors, due to its brittleness and lack of maintainability. We propose to develop an enhanced behavior engine for the MATREX by applying an overarching software architecture (based on our existing SAMPLE architecture) allowing for the integration of a range of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (fuzzy logic, Bayesian reasoning, genetic algorithms, etc.) to model decision-making more robustly and efficiently, with specific focus on enhanced usability. The SAMPLE-based Model of Intelligent Task performance by Human operators (SMITH) will be integrated into the MATREX with specific focus on its interactions with the C3Grid's C3 human performance model (C3HPM), providing an effective representation of both decision-making behavior and task performance.

DCS CORP. 1330 Braddock Place Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 237-4817 Mr. Paul Cerkez ARMY 04-055 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Command Decision Modeling in Distributed Combat Simulation
Abstract:	The rapid explosion in the volume and diversity of information circulating on the modern battlefield presents a huge challenge to the decision makers and warfighters who must plan and dynamically adapt to changing circumstances while assimilating new or changing information, often under conditions of time pressure, uncertainty, information overload and stress. There is also the corresponding challenge to those attempting to model the battlefield situation. In the past, humans in the loop have been required to successfully run the simulations. In constructive simulations, the challenge for battlefield modelers is in predicting accurate outcomes which rests on the ability of the model to portray the limits in information processing and decision making of the operators and decision makers. The MATREX simulation models attempt to fill this requirement at a very rudimentary level, primarily representing basic platform and aggregate behaviors. However, the models do not sufficiently represent human level complex decision processes and do not take into account how human workload in one model impacts performance in another. This Phase I proposal describes the approach DCS will take to study the existing methodologies to improve the representation of automated decision-making in combat simulations and its fidelity to human decision making in the same scenarios.

CAMBRIOS TECHNOLOGIES CORP. One Kendall Square, Building 700, 1st Floor Cambridge, MA 02139
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 551-4721 Dr. Christine Flynn ARMY 04-056 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanowires with Biologically Directed Composition and Placement
Abstract:	Cambrios Technologies Corp. proposes to develop methods for fabricating nanowires from a variety of materials (e.g., metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic) and directing the assembly of these nanowires into circuits and devices with nanometer scale precision. Nanowires will be fabricated using the peptide- and virus-directed synthesis techniques of Dr. Angela Belcher (Mao et al., 2004), which have been licensed by Cambrios. Peptides that have affinities towards various materials will be identified by phage display technology and incorporated into select coat proteins of the M13 bacteriophage, a virus of 800nm length and 6-10nm diameter, which will act as a scaffold for each nanowire design. The displayed peptides with various materials specificity will direct the nucleation and/or assembly of nanocrystal components into a composite nanowire, allowing nanowires of homogeneous or heterogenous compositions to be created. Genetic modification of the phage will enable phage lengths and geometries to be manipulated. Additionally, peptides will be displayed on certain locations of the virus with the function to recognize and bind to materials on circuit or device elements, thus directing the location and orientation of the nanowire. This approach, performed under aqueous and ambient conditions, provides an inexpensive and environmentally benign route for nanowire synthesis and placement.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6823 Dr. Louis H. Strong ARMY 04-056 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Self-Assembled DNA: A Template for Constructing Electronic Devices
Abstract:	In order to increase the performance of electronic devices, much technical effort is being devoted towards shrinking the size of the individual components. However, it is uncertain whether the current pace of miniaturization may be continued since fundamental limits of the photolithographic technique are being reached. As an alternative to photolithography, the use of self-assembled biological molecules to template the formation of electrical components provides a means to construct devices with smaller feature sizes. Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. (RMD) proposes using DNA lattices to specifically template the formation of extremely small (< 20 nm diameter) conducting wires to precise locations. These wires will then be incorporated into an integrated semiconductor-based device which should have superior performance capabilities (i.e., speed) compared to existing devices due to the smaller dimensions.

APPLIED SPECTRA P.O. Box 5049 Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 945-7753 Dr. Jong Yoo ARMY 04-057 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel n-pulse Approach for LIBS Enhancement
Abstract:	Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been proven as a powerful analytical sensor technology for military and civilian applications. Attributes include real-time measurement response, no sample preparation, high sensitivity, and the ability to detect signatures from chem/bio agents, explosives, toxic compounds and other hazardous materials. Although the capabilities of LIBS have been demonstrated, the performance needs to be improved, especially for field applications. Revolutionary advances are needed to transition LIBS from the laboratory to the field. The basis of this SBIR proposal is to test a new paradigm for LIBS, by using high repetition-rate, low energy laser pulses to significantly extend the plasma lifetime. Importantly, this enhancement approach is all optical (there are no additional power supplies to support secondary plasmas) and gated detection will not be required. The Phase I effort will theoretically establish the enhancement concept, demonstrate and benchmark a test system, and produce design requirements (Phase I Option) for a new LIBS instrument (to be prototyped in Phase II). The Phase I effort will emphasize analysis of Al-based materials of military interest. Such a system will be of immediate use to the Army for applications in chem/bio agents, explosives and other hazardous materials.

ENVIMETRICS P.O. Box 6 Pluckemin, NJ 07978
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 256-5033 Dr. Greg Schmidt ARMY 04-057 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	LIBS Sensitivity Enhancement by Microwave Plasma Spectroscopy
Abstract:	Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple, rapid, real-time analytical technique based on the analysis of spectral emission from laser-induced micro plasmas. The Army is interested in deploying this technique in both a field portable instrument and on vehicular platforms (truck or plane) for remote sensing. Here we propose to enhance the sensitivity of LIBS by growing the LIBS micro plasma with microwaves. The resulting plasma will be larger and last significantly longer. The sensitivity should be enhanced by more than a factor of 1000. This plasma enhancement technique can be applied to both the configurations of field portable instruments and vehicular platforms. Phase I will demonstrate the enhancement technique in the laboratory and Phase II will produce a field portable instrument with enhanced sensitivity and a field test of the application for vehicular platforms.

MATERIALS PROCESSING, INC. 5069 Martin Luther King Freeway Fort Worth, TX 76119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 492-4446 Dr. Animesh Bose ARMY 04-058 Selected for Award
Title:	Rifling of the Inner Diameter of Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications
Abstract:	Silicon nitride based materials have extremely attractive property combination and is ideally suited for gun barrel applications (increased life and reduced weight). In spite of the attractive properties, its use in gun barrels have been limited due to the inability of current processing techniques to introduce rifling on the inner diameter of a silicon nitride tube of moderate length (100 mm or more) in a cost effective manner. The current project proposes a novel processing scheme that combines the attributes of silicon nitride and the complex shape forming ability of powder injection molding (PIM) to offer a technology that will produce ceramic gun barrels with the desired uniform rifling twist on the inner surface of the silicon nitride tube. Future work will develop an affordable technique for the fabrication of these gun barrels. The success in Phase I will result in a generic technology that will allow the affordable fabrication of complex shaped parts from lightweight, high strength, high toughness, wear and abrasion resistant, and high temperature resistant silicon nitride that will have numerous applications in both defense and commercial sector. The success will provide DoD with the technology to finally realize the elusive goal of manufacturing ceramic gun barrels.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Mike Durrett ARMY 04-058 Selected for Award
Title:	Laser Assisted Machining Applied to Rifling of Ceramic Barrels
Abstract:	Ceramic barrels have found little application as their extreme hardness make them quite brittle and difficult to machine. Grinding and diamond machining have found some success but both yield very low material removal rates and can induce defects. To address this problem Nanohmics Inc. and Dr. Y. C. Shin of Purdue University propose to apply the recently developed technique of laser assisted machining (LAM) coupled with a specially designed tooling system to develop a means of rifling ceramic barrels. In LAM a laser provides an intense localized heat source to the rotating workpiece just prior to the cutting region. The low thermal conductivity of ceramics allows excellent control of local temperatures (both in surface extent and in depth) and, for certain ceramics, leads to a reduction in strength in the heated regions and an increased machinability. Dr. Shin has been leading the commercial development of LAM and has pioneered processing methodologies for several different ceramic compounds1-3 (e.g. Si3N4, mullite and partially stabilized zirconia. In addition, Nanohmics personnel have extensive experience in specialized tooling applications and will apply this expertise to adapt the LAM process to the production of a cost effective method of rifling ceramic barrels.

DIVERSIFIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 35 Wiggins Ave. Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9444 Dr. David Fink ARMY 04-059 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Macro-Fiber-Composite Power Module
Abstract:	Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuators, developed by NASA Langley Research Center, represent an enabling technology capable of meeting the ever increasing performance requirements for highly maneuverable, agile, and survivable rotorcraft. With these piezoelectric actuators, the shape of airfoils can be dynamically reconfigured to enhance the airfoil?�s aerodynamic performance. MFC actuators have been commercialized for small scale applications, however using this actuator for active blade control, requires significantly higher drive power than what is commercially available. The MFC power module proposed here will be scalable for capacitive loads up to several hundred microfarad and will be packaged to conform to the demanding constraints of the rotorcraft application (high efficiency, small size, low weight, high-g environment). Solid state switching power devices are used to produce the high voltage (1500 V), high fidelity actuator drive power from a low voltage (28V) DC power source.

OCEAN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORP.(OSEC) 2141 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 200 Carlsbad, CA 92009
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 260-8515 Mr. BILL CALDERWOOD ARMY 04-060 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED) NEUTRALIZATION AND DETECTION (INDET)
Abstract:	Ocean Systems Engineering Corporation (OSEC) proposes to develop Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Neutralization and Detection (INDET) for ground forces protection against remotely controlled improvised explosive devices (IED) and related insurgent/terrorist explosive threats. IED's have become an extremely significant and dangerous force protection issue in the wake of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Insurgents and terrorists are using a variety of asymmetric techniques to attack militarily superior coalition forces with military ordnance components combined with commercial off the shelf explosives, electronics, and digital subsystems. OSEC proposes the INDET SBIR to integrate and package existing technologies for use in military vehicles to protect US/Coalition forces. (1) INDET will provide early warning of the possible presence of IEDs by using IR (Infrared) laser technologies to seek out explosives (2) INDET will neutralize (detonate) remotely controlled IEDs by replicating the coded radio frequency transmissions from garage door openers, car alarms, etc. that the adversary uses to control the IEDs, exploding the devices before the arrival of their intended target. (3) INDET will neutralize (detonate or dud) IEDs through the use of tailored high power electromagnetic (EM) energy directed at the IED . (4) INDET will prevent the hostile remote triggering of remotely controlled IEDs through the use of tailored barrage jamming. In order to support rapid development and fielding at reduced cost, INDET will leverage existing electronic warfare components that were developed and operationally proven to be extremely effective in countering IEDs, but have not previously been integrated into ground based military vehicles. Such existing components will include both classified hardware and classified software algorithms designed specifically for electronic attack of IEDs. Also, INDET will leverage existing technologies for detection of organic molecules in miniscule concentrations (see references 6 through 9). The initial planning for the integration, adaptation and packaging of these technologies will be conducted for use in military vehicles. INDET will measurably improve own force protection, providing a cost effective organic escort capability independent of supporting theater and national assets. Our unique understanding of IR Spectroscopy, EM transmission systems, capabilities, EAJ techniques, intelligence sources/methods and tactical integration provide OSEC the capability to develop INDET into the vital force protection capability needed on today's multi-faceted battlefield.

IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 200 Canal View Blvd, 3rd Floor Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 424-1990 Dr. Jianhua Ge ARMY 04-061 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	A Stochastic Pursuit-Evasion Differential Game for Autonomous Vehicles
Abstract:	Impact Technologies, in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology, proposes the development of stochastic pursuit-evasion differential games with multi-pursuers and multi-evaders. Specifically, this project will consist of 1) Development of multi-pursuit and multi-evader game scenarios; 2) Problem formulation for the proposed stochastic differential pursuit-evasion games; 3) Establishment of the existence of Nash-type equilibrium for the value of the differential games; 4) Solution generation for the boundary value problem based on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation of pursuit-evasion differential games with state constraints; and 5) Design tool demonstration of the developed technology.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5238 Dr. Chiman Kwan ARMY 04-061 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Novel Approaches to Stochastic Pursuit-Evasion Differential Games with multiple players
Abstract:	We propose to systemically explore differential pursuit-evasion games with multiple pursuers and evaders in continuous time and in random environment. We start with the simplest case with the assumptions of perfect information and common knowledge. The approach is a direct extension of Isaacs's method for differential games with a single pursuer and evader, where the concept of saddle point solutions is extended. Second, the assumption of perfect information is relaxed to that of complete observability. To simplify the theoretical analysis, a transformation of the objective function is considered such that the linear quadratic dynamic game theory can be applied directly. Asymptotic Nash equilibrium solutions can be easily determined in this case. Third, the assumptions of observability and common knowledge are further relaxed, the learning theory in games is proposed. In this case, a larger set of self-confirming equilibrium solutions is used to instead of Nash equilibrium. Fourth, for the situation that players cannot predict others' strategies, a decentralized objective function is constructed for each pursuer, and the maxmin strategy is proposed. The coordination control is achieved by using maximal Nash equilibrium solution among those distributed pursuers. Finally, a general nonlinear filter is proposed for each pursuer to estimate the observable state variables in noisy environment.

NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC. 1310 Research Park Drive Manhattan, KS 66502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(785) 537-0179 Dr. Slawomir Winecki ARMY 04-062 Awarded: 23NOV04
Title:	NanoScale Oxide-base Solid Sorbent Trap for the Safe Handling of Chemical Contaminated Materials
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project focuses on the development and implementation of a nanoparticle metal-oxide based collection, neutralization, and preservation of battlefield materials and evidence of a chemical and/or biological agent. The key component of the proposed system will be a solid sorbent material, based on NanoScale's proprietary FAST-ACT formulation comprising on nanocrystalline metal oxides. Hazards posed to field and laboratory personnel will be mitigated by chemical neutralization of the toxic agents ensured by the high reactivity the FAST-ACT formulation. Decomposition of the chemical threat, immediately after sample collection, will differentiate the NanoScale system from other systems of this type. The neutralization mechanism will allow for unambiguous identification of the collected agent, by detection of reaction byproducts and characteristic chemical signatures, left on the sorbent material. The proposed system will be compatible with a broad range of chemical agents, including chemical warfare agents, lung damaging agents, as well as various toxic industrial chemicals. Sampling of various materials will be allowed including solids, liquids, and gases/vapors collected from surfaces, air, or water. Using metal oxides as sorbent materials will allow for the employment of a variety of analytical techniques to identify chemical agents present at the collection site.

CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC. 6611 Dumbarton Circle Fremont, CA 94555
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 963-0942 Dr. Gregory P. Schneider ARMY 04-063 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Identification and Characterization of Molecular Inhibitors of Cognitive Performance
Abstract:	We will use Proteinchipc Arrays with Surface-Enhanced-Laser-Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to obtain a large-scale profiling of the proteins whose brain expression is affected by sleep loss. ProteinChipc Arrays have been developed and marketed by Ciphergen Biosystems Inc., the "small business" in this proposal. The study will be conducted in fruit flies, rats and migratory sparrows, and sleep recordings and sleep deprivation experiments will be performed in the laboratory of Dr. Chiara Cirelli (University of Wisconsin - Madison), the "academic partner" in this proposal. Rats will be studied after acute and chronic sleep deprivation and sleep restriction, to mimic the different battlefield situations. Both wild-type flies, which show a cognitive deficit after sleep deprivation, and sleep-deprivation resistant mutant flies, which do not, will be studied. Both sparrows during the migratory season (when sustained sleep loss does not cause cognitive impairment) and during the nonmigratory season (when even acute sleep loss does) will be studied. The ability to profile gene expression in the brain of 3 different species, and the use of genetic and natural models of resilience to the negative effects of sleep loss will significantly increase the chance of identifying the best molecular markers of cognitive performance.

NUNETIX, INC. 2205 Tech Drive Evanston, IL 60208
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 491-2865 Dr. Bernard Bergmann ARMY 04-063 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Identification and Characterization of Molecular Inhibitors of Cognitive Performance
Abstract:	Addressing the issue of cognitive performance in the battlefield necessitates addressing the issue of sleep. Mounting evidence suggests that sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function by disrupting gene expression within the hippocampus. Our approach to cognitive enhancement of brain function under sleep deprivation will take advantage of the Clock mutant model that retains cognitive performance on spatial learning and memory tests despite reduced need for sleep. We propose that this Clock mutant exhibits resistance to the damaging effects of inadequate sleep on cognitive function. The question we will address is: how does the Clock gene, specifically, and sleep loss, in general, influence the anatomic substrates of learning and memory at the molecular/genetic level? Our technical objectives are to: 1) identify hippocampal gene expression changes during sleep in wild-type and Clock mutant with the latter having preserved memory function despite reduced sleep time, and 2) identify hippocampal gene expression changes during sleep deprivation in wild-type and circadian mutant Clock. We will identify pathways critical to cognitive performance through genome-wide comparisons of hippocampal gene expression. The comparison of transcriptional profiles from animals with resistance to sleep loss will enable us to identify unique molecular pathways critical to the preservation of cognitive function.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Sid Kudige ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Denial-of-Service (DoS) Defenses for Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract:	The US Army has identified the need for intrusion-resistant and survivable ad hoc networks for tactical mobile environments. Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) brings over 6 years of directly related technology development experience in the areas of ad hoc networks, intrusion tolerance, and network survivability and a proven track record delivering high quality products on these R&D efforts to address the needs of this SBIR effort. ATC will leverage its proven expertise in designing and building intrusion tolerance techniques for mobile wireless networks to develop DoS Defenses for Ad Hoc Networks (DDAN), a collection of survivability enhancements for ad hoc routers that will protect the network from denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The objective of this effort is to establish the feasibility of the DDAN approach in Phase I. The follow-on Phase II effort will then implement a prototype of DDAN mechanisms that will be integrated within an AODV-based ad hoc router.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5242 Mr. Roger Xu ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Agent Based Distributed and Cooperative Intrusion Detection for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract:	In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) and its consultant, Dr. Wenke Lee, propose to develop an intelligent agent-based distributed and cooperative anomaly and fault monitoring architecture for mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In our proposed architecture, an anomaly and fault detection agent runs at each "monitoring" node and performs local data collection and local detection. Once an anomaly or fault is detected by a local "monitoring" agent, it collaborates with neighboring "monitoring" agents to perform cooperative detection, to investigate the source of the anomaly or fault, and to take cooperative response actions. We will develop an adaptive learning-based approach for building anomaly and fault detection models, which can be applied to both local and cooperative detection. RIPPER and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) will be used to detect intrusions and faults in MANET. The multi-agent cooperative monitoring and communication architecture will be designed based on IAI's novel Cybele agent infrastructure. The key innovations of the proposed architecture include: 1) dynamical and flexible configuration based on the agent technology; 2) the learning-based detection framework is able to detect new attacks or fautls; 3) low false alarm rate by using a cooperative detection engine; 4) excellent classification performance of RIPPER and SVMs, etc.

WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP 4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-4353 Dr. Chris J Walter ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Mobile Ad Hoc Network Fault Management
Abstract:	WW Technology Group, with expertise in dependable systems, routing technologies and network management will clarify approaches and methodologies to manage next generation mobile ad hoc networks. Our solution to this problem includes several perspectives: (a) Characterization of use cases. Many services that can be provided by the mobile ad-hoc networks. One challenge in network management applications is the concise representation of the operating status of the services as assets in the communication networks. We anticipate that several views may be required dependent on the specific mission of the user. (b) A catalog of initial faults that can threaten the delivery of services. The characterization of the fault classes provides a framework for the identification of fault/error detection services. (c) Mechanisms to uncover both the root causes of faults (fundamental errors) and correlate the faults to the various services being carried by the transport and processing mechanisms under stress. As appropriate, we will identify those elements of our reliable platform that can be employed to identify and characterize faults. The realization of these capabilities includes distributed processing techniques and network management fusion services. Application advances will be employed on both the network elements and centralized management system.

IPITEK 2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 438-1010 Dr. De Yu Zang ARMY 04-065 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Innovative Hosts for Bacteriorhodopsin-Based Optical Memory
Abstract:	IPITEK, together with Professor Lanyl's group at University Of California, Irvine (UCI) propose to develop novel DNA-based, cross linkable polymers as biobased membrane films to host bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and newly discovered proteorhodopsin (PR), aimed at improving stability and operation speed of rhodopsin-based optical and bioelectronic devices. These new DNA-based polymers based on salmon sperm have shown very good optical and stability properties, and are successful hosts for electrooptic chromophores. Improvements will focus on immobiliztion of photosensitive BR material by use of cross-linkers, lipids, and other additions to the matrix. Our proposed Phase I effort focuses on DNA-based polymer host membrane stability and as well as improved BR and PR materials aimed at optimal operation in bionanotechnological devices. Phase II effort will utilize that information to develop, produce, and characterize stable and efficient BR/PR films for use in application environments determined in collaboration with Army scientists. Another potential Phase II effort is to exploit BR crystals for nano-scale optical memory applications. These crystals contain BR that is oriented uniformly such that the directionality of an optical response is not averaged out by random arrangement, a drawback in films. With appropriate scaling these BR crystals are ideal for nano-scale optical memory applications.

SIMPSON WEATHER ASSOC., INC. 809 E. Jefferson Street Charlottesville, VA 22902
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 979-3571 Dr. George D. Emmitt ARMY 04-066 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Airborne Doppler lidar analyses and adaptive targeting system (ADLAATS)
Abstract:	The primary Phase I technical objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of converting an existing set of functional code meant for post-flight processing and visualization of airborne DWL data into a form that better meets the timeliness and data volume requirements associated with on-board data processing and data transmission for use by the Army's IMETS models and tactical decision aides. These real-time wind and aerosol data represent a major new input to the support network for the US Army's Objective Force. During Phase I we will conduct a proof-of- concept demonstration of a software package (ADLAATS: Airborne Doppler Lidar Analyses and Adaptive Targeting System) that will process raw DWL data in real-time (onboard aircraft) and provide derived products (wind components, aerosol backscatter and the variability of both the winds and aerosols) that can be displayed and/or transmitted to a ground station in a timely fashion. Additional information on the depth of the PBL, identification of anomalies in aerosol backscatter or winds, enabled adaptive selection of scan patterns and enabled adaptive space/time data averaging will be included. We will also develop plans for Phase II field tests of ADLAATS and numerical model impact evaluations.

CERMET, INC. 1019 Collier Road, Suite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 351-0005 Mr. Jeff E. Nause ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	ZnO Based Light Emitters for UV/Blue Applications
Abstract:	The goal of this effort is to grow n and p ZnO thin films by MOCVD on ZnO substrates. The primary objective of this phase I effort will be to grow p-n homojucntion and characterize the LED structure. Bandgap of ZnO will be engineered and heterojunction quantum wells will be grown. The grown device structures will be characterized for structure and quality by X-ray, PL and electron microscopy, The electrical and optical properties will be analyzed through temperature dependent Hall, I-V measurements and EL

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 934-2100 Dr. Andrei Osinsky ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	ZnO Based Light Emitters for UV/Blue Applications
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR project addresses the development of novel solid state Zinc Oxide-based light emitting device. These devices will find widespread application in civilian and military markets. The objective of the Phase I effort is to explore CdZnO/ZnO material system for UV emitters. SVT Associates will be utilizing innovative approaches for material epitaxial growth p-type doping and device design. The emphases will be made on attaining stable processes for homo and heteroepitaxy of p-type materials. We expect that at the end of Phase I program a prototype light emitting device will be available.

ZN TECHNOLOGY, INC. 910 Columbia Street Brea, CA 92821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 989-8881 Mr. Gene Cantwell ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	ZnO UV Light Emitters on High Quality ZnO
Abstract:	ZnO has many inherent advantages over current materials used to fabricate UV LEDs and lasers in that it is a more efficient light emitter, has better radiation hardness, and can easily be fabricated in bulk single crystals. Uniquely, this project will utilize the high purity, 2-inch diameter ZnO single crystals developed by ZN Technology as substrates on which to epitaxially grow ZnO pn junction LEDs using molecular beam epitaxy. The use of nanotips to increase the light output of the ZnO LED will also be investigated. In the option phase ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures will be developed as a component of an LED with even higher efficiency. Also in the option phase, growth of LEDs and lasers on other orientations of single crystal ZnO substrates will be investigated as avenues for other devices and improved performance.

LYNNTECH, INC. 7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 693-0017 Dr. Alan Cisar ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 23NOV04
Title:	Direct Ammonia-Borane Alkaline Fuel Cell with In Situ Electrolyte Replacement
Abstract:	The rapidly increasing power requirements of the objective force warrior's detection and communication equipment requires the development of advanced power sources beyond that of current battery technology. Soldiers bear the physical and logistical burden of carrying many pounds of batteries into missions. The development of novel high energy density personal power supplies can alleviate this burden for extended missions. Fuel cell power supplies are promising candidates to fulfill this role. The hazards of compressed hydrogen make the use of a high energy condensed phase fuel favorable. Methanol has been studied as a fuel, but anode activation and crossover problems are proving extremely difficult to overcome. Sodium borohydride, ammonia, and ammonia-borane complexes are high energy fuels, but are very difficult to use with PEM based fuel cells because of cation poisoning problems. However, cation poisoning is not an issue with alkaline fuel cells, so they present a highly promising alternative. Ammonia-borane has the advantage of being a stable room temperature solid that forms stable solutions in water. Lynntech proposes a direct ammonia-borane alkaline fuel cell power supply to meet the portable power needs of the Army. Lynntech has novel electrolyte matrix materials that permit in-situ electrolyte replacement.

MICROCELL TECHNOLOGIES 410 Great Road, Suite C-2 Littleton, MA 01460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 952-6947 Dr. Michael C. Kimble ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Compact Alkaline Fuel Cell System
Abstract:	Compact power sources are desired by the military for soldier applications that have improved energy capacities over 1000 W-hr/kg, a level that cannot be met by today's state-of-the-art batteries. Consequently, fuel cell power systems coupled with liquid fuel storage options such as methanol are being developed to produce 20 W for these soldier applications. Little attention has been paid to using alkaline fuel cell technology for these applications with the preferred approach being variants of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. However, recent development work in alkaline fuel cell technology at MicroCell Technologies has shown that a compact alkaline fuel cell power system is feasible that can operate directly with methanol fuel. With an operational goal of 72 hours over a two week period, our alkaline fuel cell system may produce 20 watts with an energy capacity greater than 1000 W-hr/kg in a compact system. During the Phase I program, we will demonstrate the fundamental operation of methanol and air in an alkaline fuel cell system along with a compact system design. Performance evaluations will be conducted to demonstrate the compatibility of methanol with the alkaline system for a two-week mission duration.

PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORP. 153 Northboro Road Southborough, MA 01772
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 490-9960 Dr. Mohammad Enayetullah ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Compact 20 Watt Alkaline Electrolyte DMFC System
Abstract:	Protonex proposes to develop a methanol fueled alkaline fuel cell (AFC) stack and corresponding system that can supply 20Watts for a period up to three days. During the proposed effort, the team of Protonex Technology and ICET, Inc. will jointly develop an alkaline electrolyte based Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The proposed effort will allow the development of cost effective, manufacturable DMFC; alkaline DMFCs, unlike their acid counterparts, do not require MEAs, presently the most costly and complex stack component. Phase I tasks include alkaline/MeOH electrode design/development (ICET) and alkaline DMFC stack development/manufacturing (Protonex). Phase II work will be dedicated to development of a completely functional pre-commercial 20 Watt alkaline DMFC system designed specifically for the U.S. Army's application. The project team is highly qualified to develop the proposed system. Protonex is the leader in development of small (10 to 1000Watt) H2/Air fuel cell stacks and corresponding systems. Specifically, Protonex has developed H2/Air stacks and systems that are best in class in terms of weight, volume and cost. ICET has considerable fuel cell expertise, including electrode fabrication and testing, catalyst development/preparation (for methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen MeOH tolerant reduction catalysts) and macrocyclic catalyst discovery/synthesis.

REVEO, INC. 85 Executive Blvd Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 798-3724 Mr. Lin-Feng Li ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Compact Alkaline Fuel Cell System
Abstract:	The Army has a strong need for a very high-energy density (> 1000 WH/kg), lightweight power source for communications and other advanced electronic devices. The possible solution is replacing the battery with a hydrogen based proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. However, hydrogen storage and handling is a problem. Direct oxidation fuel cell (DOFC) with a PEM is quite attractive alternative. However, due to slow reduction and oxidation kinetics in the acidic media and fuel crossover issue, those systems have not reached their full potentials. It is well known that electrochemical oxidation of fuel and electrochemical reductions of oxygen are kinetically more favorable in an alkaline media at low temperature (T < 100oC). Furthermore, alkaline electrolyte offers the best prospects for using non-noble metal as the catalyst. So an alkaline electrolyte based direct oxidation fuel cell might provide a promising route toward the compact, high specific energy power sources. Based on our extensive experience in the field of metal air fuel technology, we have come up with several innovative solutions. The objective of this proposal is well aligned with the program objectives, to design, construct and evaluate a portable AFC.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz ARMY 04-070 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Standoff LIBS Element Detection Sensor
Abstract:	Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is becoming the method of choice for detection of chemical and biological agents, but has yet to make the transition from a laboratory tool to a UGV-mountable system. Therefore, to address the Army need for a portable, UGV-mountable integrated LIBS sensor with 100 m standoff capability, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new standoff LIBS Element Detection Sensor (SLEDS) system. This system is based on a combination of an innovative short-pulse laser system, advanced nonimaging collection optics, and a modification of the unique POC MIMS spectral analysis system. The SLEDS will feature high resolution in multiple simultaneous bands selected by the design, enabling it to rapidly and accurately detect and classify chemicals in the field. The SLEDS system will be rugged, compact lightweight, energy-efficient, and affordable. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SLEDS by a combination of computer analysis and a proof-of-concept prototype. In Phase II POC plans to optimize the SLEDS for the specific needs of the U.S. Army, including fabrication of an engineering test prototype for delivery to the Army Research Laboratory.

SPECTRAL IMAGING LABORATORY 1785 Locust St. #10 Pasadena, CA 91106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 578-0626 Dr. Francis Reininger ARMY 04-070 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Sensitivity Standoff LIBS Technology
Abstract:	The U.S. Army has the need for a compact, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) capable of standoff detection from a range of 100 meters. In a LIBS system, the laser fires at a target to create a micro-plasma emission of radiation that can be analyzed by its spectrometer. The LIBS technique has been used extensively to quantify contaminants in metal alloys, paints, and soils. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been testing LIBS for the detection of chemical warfare agents, bacterial spores, molds, pollens, and proteins. Commercially available LIBS systems use multiple grating spectrometers to reveal the elemental composition of the target from its 0.2 - 1 micron wavelength emission signature. The Spectral Imaging Laboratory (SPILAB) proposes the development of a lower cost system based on a single, high throughput optical module that can also be used for long range, open-path LIBS detection. During Phase 1 SPILAB will design the new optical module, build a novel open-path beam delivery/collection system, and test it with various lasers.

AGAVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 80010 Austin, TX 78708
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 272-0002 Dr. Theresa Curtis ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	ECIS Wound Healing High-Throughput Assay
Abstract:	Healing of a wound is a complex and protracted process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. Understanding how the body repairs damaged tissue and what genes and biochemical factors influence the wound healing process will have tremendous impact on the treatment of chronic wounds and the regeneration of tissue and organ function after injury. To facilitate the discovery of genes and compounds that are involved in wound healing, Agave BioSystems will develop an in vitro cell based system that will allow high-throughput analysis of genes and chemical compounds that may have a therapeutic affect in wound healing. This high-throughput, in vitro, wound healing assay will utilize small interfering RNA to specifically interfere with the function of genes of interest and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) to non-invasively monitor the kinetics of fibroblast and epithelial wound healing.

BIOMEDICAL STRATEGIES LLC 2450 Azure Coast Drive La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 643-9302 Dr. Frederick Cahn ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Repair, Regeneration, and Differentiation in Humans
Abstract:	We wish to develop a mouse model of wound healing that is based in part on recent advances in genetic analysis, such as genome maps and oligonucleotide arrays for analyzing gene expression, as well as on mouse strains having mutants that over or under-express molecules that have been shown to be important in wound healing. The power of our approach is that it combines these genetic tools with a clinically proven "artificial skin" technology of Yannas and Burke that enables scarless tissue regeneration of the dermis in full thickness skin wounds. By developing a mouse model of the healing of dermal wounds by artificial skin we will be able to analyze and compare dermal tissue repair (scar formation) vs. dermal regeneration in detail. This information can help us develop improved medical devices not only for tissue regeneration of skin, but also other organs, especially nervous tissue. Our objective is to gain a molecular understanding of tissue regeneration that can enable us to improve existing skin and nerve regeneration medical devices and to extend tissue regeneration to other important tissues.

MOLECULAR EXPRESS, INC. 13310 SOUTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CA 90061
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 538-9534 Dr. Gary Fujii ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Repair, Regeneration, and Differentiation in Humans
Abstract:	Although improvements in body armor have had a significant impact on reducing mortality in soldiers, ballistic damage to appendages such as arms and legs often results in loss of function or loss of the entire limb, leading to significant reductions in warfighter capability, and an increased medical logistics burden. At present, the ability to restore appendages or organ function in humans is marginal. However, the fact that many vertebrate organisms can regenerate developing limb buds and that humans can regenerate the tips of their fingers suggest that the genetic capacity for regeneration is present but "turned off" in adult humans. Consequently, a genetic and biochemical understanding of how regeneration occurs in an adult salamander could lead to insights as to how to "turn on" the latent regeneration cascade in humans, hence, leading to significant new therapies for battlefield wounds. This SBIR application proposes to address the general problem of tissue repair and regeneration in mammals by using the Urodele salamander's ability to grow an ectopic limb as an assay to rapidly screen different factors for regenerative activity. We believe that the development and use of this assay will eventually lead to the discovery and development of strategies for promoting the scarless healing of wounds and even the regeneration of severely damaged limbs.

SYNTHASOME, INC. 3030 Bunker Hill, Suite 308 San Diego, CA 92109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 490-9401 Dr. Anthony Ratcliffe ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Assay System for Cartilage and Bone Regeneration
Abstract:	A model system that can replicate features in cartilage and bone embryonic development will provide a critical tool for determining pathways for tissue regeneration. The objective of this Phase I application is to establish a 3D culture containing human MSCs expressing a chondrogenic or osteogenic phenotype, as a mechanically functional model system for the assessment of agents and growth conditions that can induce cartilage and bone formation, with appropriate molecular, cellular and tissue outcome measures. In order to achieve this objective the following Specific Aims will be performed. Specific Aim 1: Demonstrate the formation of cartilage and bone extracellular matrix using a 3D hydrogel-scaffold assembled composite seeded with MSCs, and cultured in the presence and absence of chondrogenic or osteogenic culture conditions using a factoral design of experiment (DOE). Specific Aim 2: Demonstrate the use of this construct system in a multi-well format. Successful implementation of this Phase I SBIR project will result in proof of concept for a new model system that can be used to assess the molecular and cellular activities during cartilage and bone regeneration in vitro.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Scott Shald ARMY 04-072 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Low-Cost Portable Lidar Wind Profiler
Abstract:	The Army requires accurate sensing of low-level winds in order to accurately predict the dispersion of chemical or biological agents. Currently, towers equipped with multiple in-situ sensors are used for this measurement, but such towers are expensive and difficult to move, and it may not be possible to erect them in urban areas. Coherent Technologies, Inc. (CTI) proposes to solve this problem with a ground based, remote sensing, eye-safe wind lidar, providing 3D range-resolved wind measurements with accuracy and update time matching in-situ sensors. The sensor provides 10 m range resolution at 10 Hz from 10 m up to at least 100 m range, with component wind accuracy on the 10 cm/s level. The proposed sensor draws from CTI's extensive experience in remote wind sensing, providing a compact, mobile, inexpensive, low-risk solution. The Phase I effort will analyze potential sensor configurations and identify the optimal approach, based upon cost, complexity, and performance. The culmination of the Phase I effort will be a preliminary sensor design. The Phase II effort will develop, test, and demonstrate the prototype sensor based upon the Phase I design.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 272-1323 Dr. David Christian Hovde ARMY 04-072 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Imaging Lidar for Profiling the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Abstract:	This SBIR project will investigate a coherent imaging lidar system for measuring 3D wind fields using commercial off-the-shelf components. The system is designed to achieve high spatial resolution, enabling the measurement of eddy structures important in turbulent transport. The Phase I research will model the system to determine the conditions necessary to achieve accurate wind speed measurements and demonstrate the approach with laboratory measurements.

CHEMMOTIF, INC. 60 Thoreau Street, Suite 211 Concord, MA 01742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 376-9911 Dr. Mark T. Spitler ARMY 04-073 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Visual Stoichiometry Breaking in Linear Response Chemical Test Strips
Abstract:	In this phase I SBIR contract novel methods will be developed to enhance the perception by the human eye of signal change in color change test strips that detect chemicals, contaminants, and hazardous materials. Modern concepts of human vision and digital imaging will be combined to create readout images on the test strips so that the user obtains sharp and unambiguous signals from exposed strips. Demonstrations of this technology will be made on different color change test strips that are of importance to first responder community and military personnel exposed to chemical warfare agents and other hazardous materials.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Robert M. McKillip, Jr. ARMY 04-075 Awarded: 11DEC04
Title:	A Hybrid Optical/GPS System for UAV Formation Flight Control
Abstract:	UAV operations in known icing conditions present a problem whose solution critically depends upon their flight testing in artificial icing environments. Unfortunately, instrumentation, control, and operational procedures have yet to be developed to support this testing behind manned aircraft, such as the U.S. Army CH-47 Helicopter Icing Spray System (HISS), that may produce the artificial icing cloud. The proposed work leverages a high-fidelity flight simulation tool to support the design and development of a sensor and controller package to enable this capability. The hybrid system combines both GPS guidance and optical detection of the UAV in trail flight to ensure that the UAV maintains a tightly controlled position within the icing spray cloud, while executing safe ingress and egress flight profiles as it approaches and departs the area of the CH-47 HISS aircraft. Phase I will provide risk reduction of the hybrid approach through tradeoff studies, comprehensive simulations, and benchtop tests. The simulation environment will leverage considerable CDI experience in highly accurate flowfield predictions around helicopter and fixed wing platforms, and will be used in a real-time evaluation of various control schemes for validation of the general system approach. Phase II will demonstrate the system on a small UAV platform.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Bogdan R. Cosofret ARMY 04-076 Awarded: 27DEC04
Title:	Imaging Sensor Constellation for Tomographic Chemical Plume Mapping
Abstract:	In this proposal, Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) outlines the development of an imaging system which passively tracks and quantifies chemical clouds via computed tomography. The system proposed by PSI will be capable of imaging in the 8-11 micron region with a spectral resolution of 8-10 cm^-1, and an NESR of 1-2 �W cm^-2 sr^-1 �m^-1. The system will be capable of detecting the chemical cloud from a standoff distance of 1.5 km, and to beyond 300 m downwind of the plume release point with a spatial resolution of 6 meters per pixel. The estimated lower limit for column density detection is dependent on the temperature differential between the chemical cloud and background of the scene, as well as the absorption coefficient of the chemical species being detected. For a chemical species such as TEP, the proposed sensor will be able to detect as low as 230 mg/m^2 column density in conditions where the temperature differential between chemical cloud and background is as low as 3 K. Column density measurements from two or more sensors will be fed into the PSI tomographic algorithm for generation of the three dimensional density distribution of the chemical cloud across the field of view.

SENTIENT CORP. 850 Energy Drive, Suite 307 Idaho Falls, ID 83401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 522-8560 Mr. Sean Marble ARMY 04-077 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Prognostic Wear Prediction Tool for BlackHawk Hanger Bearings
Abstract:	Hanger bearing failures occur unexpectedly and have resulted in loss of aircraft and life in both military and civilian rotorcraft. New Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) that are currently being demonstrated on the UH-60 include sensing capabilities that offer the potential to diagnose and predict hanger bearing problems with sufficient lead time to prevent catastrophic failure. However, diagnostic algorithms and fault progression models that address the specific failure modes observed in hanger bearings, such as lubricant depletion and thermal runaway, are still needed to provide an effective prognostic capability. Sentient Corporation will leverage directly related prior work to develop an accurate and effective prognostic capability for the UH-60 hanger bearing application and will integrate that capability into the Goodrich open architecture HUMS. State-of-the-art sensing and diagnostic capabilities will be combined with Sentient's proven model of bearing wear/fatigue and new models that address lubrication and thermal effects unique to this application. In-house bearing tests will provide ample development and validation data. Sentient's extensive prior research in this area will reduce technical risk and enable greater progress than would otherwise be possible during Phase I, and collaboration with Goodrich Aerospace will ensure a successful HUMS integration in Phases II and III.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Steven P. Rogers ARMY 04-078 Awarded: 06DEC04
Title:	Obstacle Display for Hover in Degraded Visual Environments
Abstract:	The objective of this topic is to design a Rotorcraft Obstacle Avoidance Display (ROAD) for hover in degraded visual environments clearly showing the spatial relationships between the aircraft and potentially dangerous terrain and other obstacles. The ROAD will provide pilots with an easily understood display of obstacles 360 degrees around the aircraft and provide auditory or tactile alerts to the cue the pilot to the most immediate threats. The pilot interface design concepts to be developed will ensure that the ROAD is useful during approach-to-landing, hover, landing, and take-off maneuvers. Expert Army and civilian pilots will participate in structured interviews regarding required obstacle avoidance display system properties while performing confined area maneuvers at night in a rotorcraft flight simulator. The results of the studies and pilot comments will be analyzed and summarized preparatory to full-scale simulator-based experiments to be conducted in Phase II

ARM AUTOMATION, INC. 14141 West Hwy 290, Suite 700 Austin, TX 78737
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 894-3534 Dr. Joseph Geisinger ARMY 04-079 Selected for Award
Title:	Electromechanical Actuator Controller Technology
Abstract:	Recent advances in available electromechanical actuator (EMA) technology have created the opportunity to replace many hydraulic actuation systems on board aerial vehicles with advantageous "all-electric" flight control systems. This replacement of hydraulics with electrics offers the potential for life-cycle cost savings, performance enhancement and reductions in the maintenance efforts aboard US Army aerial systems. This proposal outlines the adaptation of a novel form of industrial EMA controller technology for use in the demanding application of rotorcraft flight control systems. This proposed effort leverages the latest advances in electro-mechanical componentry and makes use of the proposing party's significant design experience in embedded electronics for demanding applications and technology base in the area of all-electric actuation systems.

TOUCHSTONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, LTD. The Millennium Centre, R.R. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(304) 547-5800 Mr. Randy Handley ARMY 04-080 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Carbon Foam for CREST Combat
Abstract:	The Army has a need to identify, develop, test, and validate an electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression technology and associated implementation processes that, when applied to U.S. Army combat helicopter avionics equipment modifications or upgrades, eliminate or drastically reduce the need to re-conduct electromagnetic/electronic environmental effects (E3) testing. This effort will identify and develop EMI performance and cost enhancements through the analysis, design, and demonstrations of an advanced EMI material. EMI, structural and thermal management properties will be evaluated and presented for the highest payoff, near-term insertion of advanced EMI technologies into desired system requirements of the Army. Touchstone Research Laboratory has a carbon foam material called "CFOAMr", which is inexpensive, lightweight, easily machined, and fire- and corrosion-resistant. Once carbonized to greater than 1000C, CFOAM is a natural EMI shield, capable of 60dB effectiveness in the 20M Hz to 18G Hz frequency range and can provide structures or enclosures for a broad application of avionics EMI suppression systems.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Randolph Jones ARMY 04-081 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Abstract:	This Phase I proposal describes a study for determining the feasibility of developing an automated air traffic control (AutoATC) capability for military simulation. We describe an integrative vision of a network-based cognitive systems approach to developing an AutoATC that will provide ATC control to aircraft in rear, close, and forward operations. The AutoATC will interact with human and simulated entities in the battlespace, using voice and data link technologies. Feasibility will be determined by gathering requirements on how the AutoATC would perform technically, integrate with legacy systems, and be used in simulation-based training or experimentation. With the help of former Army ATCs and simulation operators, we will gather requirements using different task analysis techniques to gauge the breadth of the ATC task. We will evaluate current technology, including various COTS and GOTS simulation environments, distributed simulation protocols, and voice interface technology to determine what technology exists to meet the requirements for an AutoATC, and what gaps would need to be filled with new development. In Phase I, we will develop a plan for filling these gaps, and describe an integration path to pull these pieces together.

DOMZALSKI MACHINE 332 W. Stanford Ave Gilbert, AZ 85233
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 738-5902 Mr. David Domzalski ARMY 04-082 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Advanced Flow Control Actuators for Fuselage Drag Reduction
Abstract:	The use of oscillatory jet active flow control offers the opportunity to dramatically reduce the parasitic drag of helicopter fueslages and their mission equipment without compromise of utility. A new class of actuator, flight qualification of actuators, and an integrated electronic driver and controller will make possible an efficient full-scale installation and flight test.

VIRTUAL AEROSURFACE TECHNOLOGIES 75 Fifth St. NW, Ste. 305 Atlanta, GA 30308
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 385-2185 Dr. Thomas Crittenden ARMY 04-082 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Advanced Flow Control Actuators for Fuselage Drag Reduction
Abstract:	Virtual Aerosurface Technologies, Inc. proposes an SBIR program for the adaptation of combustion powered actuation (COMPACT) flow control devices to the task of fuselage drag reduction on rotorcraft. COMPACT uses a small-scale combustion process to produce high velocity pulsed jets for flow control applications and has previously demonstrated strong control authority for reattachment of separated flows. The COMPACT actuators will be used in conjunction with MEMS-based wireless pressure sensors developed at Georgia Tech to form the basis for a complete closed-loop system for flow control. This approach will have the significant advantage of utilizing components for actuation and sensing which will have no moving components exposed to the external environment, thus increasing reliability and endurance under harsh operating environments. Phase I of the program will focus on testing the actuators and sensors under harsh environmental conditions, including developing test cells for and quantifying the effects of rain, dust, ice, external sound pressure levels, and vibration. A Phase I Option would develop new prototypes where necessary to mitigate the environmental effects observed and to provide an initial design and test of the actuator/sensor closed-loop control. Finally, Phase II would focus on integration of the system into a full-scale helicopter fuselage structure.

AERODYN ENGINEERING, INC. 5220 West 79th Street Indianapolis, IN 46268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(317) 334-1523 Mr. David Lawrence ARMY 04-083 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Stress Measurement Technologies for Small Turbine Engines
Abstract:	Aerodyn proposes to develop a new concept in slip ring design that would culminate in a new class of high speed slip rings that could operate up to 90,000 RPM with 50 contacts (25 channels), be capable of handling temperatures up to 700 �F without external cooling support, have a bandwidth of 200 KHz, weigh less than 2 lb, and be designed to directly support new developments in small turboshaft engines. With active cooling the new slip ring design is expected to be able to withstand up to 1300 �F.

HOOD TECHNOLOGY CORP. 1750 Country Club Road Hood River, OR 97031
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(541) 387-2288 Dr. Andreas von Flotow ARMY 04-083 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement System for Small Turboshaft Engines
Abstract:	Hood Technology, along with its partner Williams International, propose to develop, test and supply a Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement System (NSMS) designed specifically for small turboshaft engines. This system will address the issues of these small engines at the sensor, acquisition and software levels, providing a non-proprietary, commercial-based NSMS system tailored for this class of powerplants. The development and live engine testing of a system designed specifically for these engines will produce a common sensing and acquisition platform across a wide variety of applications; create sensors tailored to the temperature, high stress and small installation space required for these engines; develop software and hardware capable of acquiring the low-level and high frequency resonant mode signals peculiar to small turboshaft rotors; and provide a commercial, non-proprietary system capable of delivering NSMS Generation 4 resolution while measuring tip timing and tip clearance both in the laboratory and eventually on operational engines.

MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 862-4290 Dr. Hooshang Heshmat ARMY 04-084 Selected for Award
Title:	Oil Free Couplings For High Speed Turboshaft Engines
Abstract:	The objective of this effort is to develop and demonstrate innovative oil-free methods of connecting future turboshaft/turboprop aircraft engines with their driven loads. To achieve these objectives, MiTi proposes a staged approach towards developing a lubricant-free coupling for foil or magnetic bearing supported rotors. During the base phase I program, MiTi will conduct tradeoff and a preliminary design of an advanced, lightweight high speed coupling system to connect future turboshaft/turboprop aircraft engines with their driven loads. These tradeoff studies will define the nominal range of design parameters, such as axial, radial and angular stiffness, coupling to shafting and gearbox stiffness ratios, etc., needed to achieve the program objectives. During the optional portion of the program, the results of the preliminary studies will be used to establish the coupling design to be tested during Phase II. Additionally, MiTir will review available in house test rig designs needed for the Phase II demonstration testing.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Mr. Daniel A. Wachspress ARMY 04-085 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Rotorcraft Brownout Aerodynamic Analysis and Flight Simulation
Abstract:	A critical operational problem for current Army rotorcraft is the prediction of landing conditions in a sand/dust/snow laden environment where rotorwash picks up loose ground cover leading to a condition of obscured visibility known as "brownout". The proposed effort will develop both a comprehensive analysis and flight simulation tool able to predict the magnitude and distribution of visibility difficulties associated with brownout. An accelerated timetable is projected by integrating and enhancing several state-of-the-art technologies already in place at Continuum Dynamics, Inc. (CDI). These technologies include: CDI's CHARM full-span free-vortex wake model and fast panel fuselage/ground surface model for general rotorcraft flow fields in steady and transient flight including a real-time free wake option for flight simulation applications; CDI's Army-accredited LDTRAN/CB model of particle uptake, entrainment and transport; an enhanced version of the Army's GenHel flight simulation software; and CDI's VRML/X3D out-the-window display technology that already supports the rendering of visual obscuration. Building quickly on these validated technologies, it is expected that a prototype rotorcraft brownout analysis and flight simulation tool can be completed in Phase I, followed by a significant expansion of features, validation and packaging in Phase II including a real-time flight simulation capability.

INVERCON, LLC Calder Square, P.O. Box 10229 State College, PA 16805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 876-3609 Dr. Joseph Szefi ARMY 04-086 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Novel, High-Authority Flap Actuation Concepts using Single Crystal Stacks
Abstract:	Piezoelectric flap actuators have exhibited inadequate levels of stroke and/or force required to produce angles of rotation in excess of �5� at 40 Hz. Single crystals represent a revolutionary advance in piezoelectric technology. Because crystal properties are significantly different than those of ceramic, crystal actuators require amplification techniques that are specifically tailored to crystal behavior. This proposal describes a high authority flap actuator concept for helicopter vibration control and noise suppression that will be designed for single crystal stack actuators. Invercon will evaluate the feasibility of using crystals together with two complimentary flap actuation concepts. The first is a high-displacement buckling beam actuator concept, which is well-suited for single crystal stack actuation. The second is a general method to mechanically tune and electrically tailor any electromechanical actuator for high robustness and authority at resonance. Buckling beam actuators should dramatically outperform state-of-the-art flap actuators, with the capability of displacing a 36" flap 9.5? at 40 Hz rotating at 400 RPM. Such actuators are simpler and significantly lighter than existing designs, as well. The Phase I will investigate the feasibility of using a buckling beam flap and crystal actuation in collaboration with manufacturer TRS Ceramics, Inc and researchers at the Pennsylvania State University.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Peter Chen ARMY 04-086 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Single Crystal Piezoelectric Actuators for Rotorcraft
Abstract:	Techno-Sciences, Inc. (TSi), in collaboration with the Smart Structures Laboratory of the Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center at the University of Maryland (UMD), proposes to develop an innovative Active Pitch Link (APL) Technology for improved active rotor performance. The APL will exploit superior performance characteristics of new single crystal ferroelectric material, PMN, and nano-particle enhanced magneto-rheological (MR) fluid technology. This hybrid device efficiently marries two high-energy density electromechanical materials, PMN ferroelectric material and magnetorheological fluids, to provide full-scale rotor control. A low hysteresis high stroke PMN stack will be used to drive a hydraulic pump and develop a flow rate through a standard double-ended hydraulic actuator. Bidirectional control of the hydraulic actuator will be achieved using magnetorheological flow control valves arranged in a hydraulic power circuit.

RESEARCH APPLICATIONS, INC. 11772 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 260 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 259-7541 Dr. Jalees Ahmad ARMY 04-087 Selected for Award
Title:	Improved Models for Coated CMC Components with Severe Thermal Gradients
Abstract:	Innovative research and development leading to a dual-use advanced technology product is proposed. The product is a methodology and associated software for design and life prediction of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) propulsion components with and without environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The methodology would be applicable to a broad class of CMCs for military and commercial applications. A Physics-Based mechanistic modeling approach is proposed to minimize the need for extensive long term testing of CMCs, while providing a pragmatic approach for cost effective material selection and design for long-term durability under severe thermal gradients. The approach includes direct consideration of relevant damage mechanisms and environmental degradation. Phase I will involve characterization of the mechanistic model for CMC materials selected by GE Aircraft Engines. The models will then be used for predicting the outcome of selected benchmark and sub-element tests. Predictions will be compared with experimental measurements to assess the modeling approach and feasibility for a comprehensive methodology development in Phase II. The proposed product is a comprehensive design and life prediction methodology and associate software for its implementation.

METACOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 28632 Roadside Drive, #255 Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 735-4883 Dr. Uriel Goldberg ARMY 04-088 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Integration of Active Flow Control Concepts into Rotorcraft Analyses
Abstract:	Metacomp Technologies proposes an innovative approach to simulate, through modeling, the effect of flow-control actuators on the flow. In this approach the underlying flow is simulated using URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) or LES (Large Eddy Simulation). The flow induced by the actuator itself is modeled in a way that is not affected by the time-step size used to integrate the base flow. This approach also obviates the need to resolve the smaller spatial scales (dictated by the size of the actuators). The proposed approach is ideal for efficient, cost-effective simulation of large scale flow control.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1685 Plymouth Street, Suite 250 Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He ARMY 04-089 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Ducted Fan Model for Real-Time Rotorcraft Flight Simulation
Abstract:	There have been increased applications of the ducted/shrouded fan as a safe, low noise, and effective anti-torque device for modern rotorcraft. Ducted/shrouded fans have also attracted much interest as the main VTOL lifting devices for recent uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) developments because of their compact structure and high lifting performance. This proposal is dedicated to the development of an accurate and efficient ducted fan simulation for helicopter anti-torque and UAV lifting applications. This will be done through (1) the development of an efficient blade element fan model; (2) the development of duct aerodynamic models; (3) the development of a coupled duct-fan model. Efforts will also be made to develop an effective and efficient rotor/airframe/duct/fan interaction model. The model will provide a comprehensive modeling and analysis tool to support the simulation of rotorcraft and VTOL air vehicles configured with ducted fan devices.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Gaurav Bajpai ARMY 04-090 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	High performance observers for rotorcraft control
Abstract:	The objective of the project is the development of a reliable methodology to implement analytical redundancy in rotorcraft platforms. Techno-Sciences, Inc.(TSi) proposes the development of sensor reconfiguration based on systematic and verifiable principles of estimator design. Supervisory control architecture needed to implement and evaluate the techniques is addressed. In Phase I all the techniques will be demonstrated using adequately constructed simulations and a rotorcraft platform as a benchmark. Phase II will focus on transition of proposed techniques to other rotorcraft platforms. The overall effort will be useful for all Department of defense unmanned and manned vehicle platforms.

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Donald Bigg ARMY 04-091 Selected for Award
Title:	Crashworthy Ballistic Tolerant Fuel Tank Weight Reduction
Abstract:	METSS proposes to develop a lightweight, low cost, self-sealing fuel tank for use on helicopters and other aircraft. METSS will demonstrate that existing materials can be combined in a multi-component structure to produce a reduced weight fuel tank that is stable to the JP8 fuel and will self-seal upon impact from a 14.5 mm AP projectile. The base structure of the tank will be produced from a tough nitrile rubber. Additional ballistic resistance will be added to the tank via advanced, high strength, fibrous reinforcing layers. The additional strength provided by these layers will enable the tank to be made of thinner, thus lighter layers. The self-sealing capability will be enhanced to seal against a 14.5 mm projectile by increasing the expansion capability of the rubber that expands on contact with JP8. Moreover, by enhancing the ballistic impact resistance of the tank by the high strength reinforcing layers the overall magnitude of the damage site will be reduced, thus reducing the size of the hole that the self-sealing layer must expand into. Additional weight will be lost by relocation of the heavily reinforced fuel line fittings and access panels. METSS will show that all of this can be accomplished at a reasonable cost, using existing process technology.

PRODUCTION PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING & SALES, INC. 1285 Dunn Road St. Louis, MO 63138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 868-3500 Mrs. Kelli Corona-Bittick ARMY 04-091 Selected for Award
Title:	Crashworthy Ballistic Tolerant Fuel Tank Weight Reduction
Abstract:	Production Products and the University of Delaware - Center for Composite Materials (UD-CCM) will develop a 200-gallon fuel tank design concept that will be 50% less parasitic weight than the current lowest weight crashworthy, ballistically tolerant, self-sealing (Type I) tank construction at 0.9 lb/ft2. This design will meet the requirements of MIL-DTS-27422C and withstand the threshold threat of 0.50 Caliber and objective threat of 14.5mm AP projectiles. The program will be based upon our expertise in filament winding and capabilities in modeling/analysis of composite structures and ballistic materials. In Phase I we will conduct an analytical and experimental engineering evaluation of the design concept for a lighter weight 200-gallon fuel tank. We will down select materials that will make up a multi-layer fuel tank wall and will fully establish the feasibility of each layer to the function of the fuel tank. We will evaluate and down select alternate materials and processes, and establish firm design requirements for all parameters of the fuel tank system so as to meet the Army requirements defined for this program. The fuel tank designs will be considered by on weight, scalability, and cost. It will also be designed for ease of installation, operation, removal and replacement.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz ARMY 04-092 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Multimodal Interface Toolkit for UAV Systems (MITUS)
Abstract:	Future Army missions will rely on a variety of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) that require advanced human-system interfaces (HSIs) to achieve mission success in challenging operational environments. Multimodal interfaces, because of their advantages in perceptual bandwidth maximization, represent one particularly promising approach to HSI implementation. To support the development of these advanced HSIs, we propose to design and prototype a Multimodal Interface Toolkit for UAV Systems (MITUS). Three core tasks characterize our approach. First, we will perform a cognitive task analysis on a representative demonstration scenario to: identify sources of information and types of inputs to UAV systems; develop general requirements for operator input and information display; define situational influences on these displays and input requirements; and identify display elements in existing and planned UAV interface systems. Second, we will design and demonstrate feasibility a toolkit that will support the rapid prototyping of new multimodal display and control concepts using readily available hardware and software systems, as well as the integration of these concepts with existing or planned UAV control stations. Third, we will develop a methodology for assessing the impact of each interface concept, including measures of improvement in both task performance and operator situation awareness.

MILITARY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1018 W 9th Ave, Suite 202 King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 354-9100 Mr. Robert Lee ARMY 04-093 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Particulate Erosion Predictions for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Abstract:	An analytical erosion prediction capability will be developed for helicopter rotor blades exposed to sandy environments and rain. The overall problem is divided into five components each requiring its own input parameters and computational tools. These five components are: characterization of the aerodynamic flow fields created by helicopter rotor blades, establishment of the particle impact conditions associated with these flow fields, formulation of computational mechanics descriptions for the particle interactions with a rotor blade, introduction of criteria for damage initiation, growth, and material removal, and development of methods to predict material removal from an eroding surface. The Phase I effort will consider conventional and innovative approaches that can be pursued for each of these components. They will be evaluated in terms of their implementation, preserving the physically significant features in each component, and their compatibility with the approaches for the other components. The input required for each component will be identified and refined as the program proceeds into Phase II where the general methodology will be acted upon using the most relevant computer codes and the input required collected from the existing literature to the extent that it is available. Work on all five components can be carried out simultaneously since they require input from a number of different fields.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni ARMY 04-094 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	AgileTectureT: A Methodology and Toolkit for Agile Design and Dynamic Reconfiguration of C4ISR Architectures
Abstract:	C4ISR systems continue to increase in architectural complexity with concomitant increase in development costs. Today, C4ISR architecture development is a labor-intensive predominantly manual process that is supported with limited automation. Commercial tools on the market today fall short of meeting DoD Architecture Framework guidelines for scalability and a fully integrated system that captures and reconciles operational, systems, and technical perspectives. Today, there is a crucial requirement for DoDAF-compliant C4ISR architecture design tools that also enable "on-the-fly" adaptation of the C4ISR architecture to reflect new task organization structures. The proposed effort is intended to develop a toolkit that supports both C4ISR architecture design as well as dynamic architecture reconfiguration in response to new task organizations created during tactical mission planning. Phase I of this effort will establish the feasibility of such a tool that can run in a standalone or client-server mode over a secure Internet.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7781 Mr. Michael Stoddard ARMY 04-094 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	C4ISR Architecture and Tactical Systems Planning Tool
Abstract:	As technology has advanced, the complexity of systems has increased geometrically. The environments encompassing these systems must increase in scope to fully understand the impact of requirements and design changes. Trident's work with the Naval Collaborative Engineering Environment (NCEE) has helped to establish a baseline environment around our InterchangeSE technology and an approach which will be used in determining the requirements of this initial full scale environment including a detailed architectural specification based on those requirements. Under the NCEE, some initial research was performed into the development of a Schema that would allow engineering data to be stored coherently in a common repository. This schema is based on system engineering standards such as IEEE 1220 and EIA 632 and extended to support DODOF and UML. We are currently updating that schema to be CADM compliant and being able to import and export CADM XML. This integrated environment runs on a standard commercial desktop platform, uses a commercially available database, is capable of either stand-alone use or in a distributed client-server fashion, is secure (installed on SIPRNET at NSWCDD), performs configuration management of the data, provides access controls at the individual attribute level, and informs users of changes in data marked as important to them. There is support for open standards for sharing data such as XML and CSV as well as an open API for third party developers to build applications to communicate and share data with the repository. Finally, Trident Systems has performed research with InterchangeSE and web services which, if fully integrated would provide a service-based environment compatible with the emerging network centric enterprise system.

DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3620 Horizon Drive King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 832-7570 Mr. Mark E. Majerus ARMY 04-095 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Remote Controlled Mine Neutralizer
Abstract:	The Army's SBIR Topic A04-095, Remotely Controlled Neutralization Techniques for Mine Clearance, seeks a system that is able to effectively neutralizations mines, via remote control, in a timely manner. DE Technologies Inc has a suite of munitions that have demonstrated the required neutralization performance. These munitions embody the technology found in ESMB, Mongoose, GSTAMIDS, and other programs. They are highly effective and neutralize the mine in less than a second. DE Technologies Inc herein proposes to investigate the adaptation of these proven, small munitions to a remote controlled vehicle for the delivery and precision alignment. Much of the proposed technology is commercial, off-the-shelf hardware. DET envisions a system that would cost substantially less than a thousand dollars for each deployment and neutralization. This system could also be applied to the neutralization of Improvised Explosive Devices or road-side bombs.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5249 Dr. Goutam Satapathy ARMY 04-096 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	DEC-POMDP Stochastic Game Approach for Uncertain MultiAgent Systems
Abstract:	The key innovation builds on the decentralized partially observable markov decision processes theory to model unmanned vehicles (UVs) that engage in stochastic game formulations for collaborative teaming and computing joint optimal policies. Prior models consider purely collaborative agents which have identical payoff functions contrary to the human-centric models. We incorporate agent self-interestedness in the payoff functions and maximize expected team reward. Learning components are incorporated in the agents to reduce the search space for optimal actions given a history of world observations. It is our intuition that such a framework would provide computationally tractable performance even though DEC-POMDP are shown to be NEXP-complete with no communication. The framework would have host of generic algorithms that can be easily adapted as per the scenario definition like target tracking, formation flying, planning etc. The proposed approach can be implemented on CybeleTM agent DSSI (Decision support system infrastructure) capability built by IAI to model agent beliefs, actions and rewards with hooks for the environment simulation. Cybele infrastructure has been tested on CDC environment (e.g., wireless PDAs), which allows users to develop agent applications and algorithms, simulate the algorithms and directly deploy the software on wireless networked environment, enabling hardware in the loop simulations.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Scott Wood ARMY 04-096 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Unmanned Systems Resource Optimization
Abstract:	To reduce commander and staff workload in the full spectrum of battlefield management, we propose to create a network of agent modules that enable effective control of multiple robotic elements. In this network, each agent serves as an expert in one or more of the required knowledge areas, and is integrated with other agents, forming a panel of advisors to a central decision-making control agent, the human user, or both. Key requirements for this network include the abilities to understand doctrinal and task requirements; learn new situations and recognize learned patterns; understand commander and enemy intent; collect, filter and fuse relevant information; adapt mixed-initiative interaction; propose optimal solutions when possible and sufficient solutions when necessary; explain reasoning and actions when requested; identify and communicate when user intervention is critical; perform robustly in the face of uncertain, inaccurate or misleading information; and be tolerant of human and system error. Successful advancement toward these requirements will enable an initial simulation-based control system to be developed, that can support future research to refine and develop human-system interfaces and underlying intelligence for embedded autonomy.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Paul Shnitser ARMY 04-097 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Self-Mixing Interferometric Speedometer
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a self-contained navigation subsystem, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Self-Mixing Interferometric Speedometer (SMIS). The SMIS will reliably trace the movement of a dismounted soldier with respect to the ground, floor, walls, trees, or other stable objects and surface. The SMIS is based on POC's extensive experience with laser Doppler velocimetry. Integrating state-of-the-art self-mixing laser diode interferometry with commercial off-the-shelf components, the SMIS will have advantages that include small size, light weight, low cost, high reliability, low power consumption, and high accuracy. The SMIS can be incorporated into Army sensor platforms to measure velocity, displacement, and vibration. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the SMIS by building an initial prototype for laboratory testing at POC's on materials representative of an urban environment. In Phase II POC will design and develop the full scale SMIS prototype and perform field tests specified by the Army.

BELLE AEROSPACE CORP. 2237 Warrenville Ave. Wheaton, IL 60187
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 430-1926 Mr. John J. Belle ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Power The Force: Future Force Power Systems- Critical Enabler for Army Transformation
Abstract:	Efficient and portable POWER, to drive the Military's Future Combat technology and equipment is the key to a successful Future Force. Belle Aerospace Corporation is proposing a very compact, lightweight portable power generation system for use in small Military Tactical Generators (MTG) in the 250 to 2000 Watt power range. Using a proven generator and power electronics technology from Hamilton Sundstrand, combined with a unique efficient power head configuration provided by Belle Aerospace Corporation will provide Women Marine portable MTG for the U.S. ARMY. BAC's proposed generator system concept will be reliable in a battlefield environment, compact, lightweight, quiet, fuel-efficient (use heavy fuels, such as DF-1, DF-2, and JP8), and capable of supporting a wide variety of field equipment, including the Future Combat System (FCS) network. BAC's diesel engine concept uses high speeds to reduce size and weight. BAC's engine provides a means to increase electric power density ratio. In addition, BAC's unique design improves reliability through part reduction and the use of proven technology, while maintaining specific fuel consumption rates.

PEREGRINE POWER LLC 27350 SW 95th Avenue, Suite 3030 Wilsonville, OR 97070
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 682-7001 Mr. Dallas A. Marckx ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Power Conversion Using Silicon Carbide
Abstract:	Silicon carbide (SiC)semiconductors offer revolutionary improvements in power electronics due to much lower conduction and switching losses, higher switching frequencies, higher voltage capability, higher operating temperatures and other superior properties relative to standard silicon. Losses in a converter will be decreased by a factor of ten, frequency will be increased by a factor of ten and size/weight will be reduced by a factor of five. These translate directly to greater mobility for nearly all power sources, including variable speed (VS) gensets, fuel cells, PV cells and nearly all of the scavenging methods being considered by the Army and Navy. After several decades of development, SiC semiconductors are nearing introduction, particularly at low power. Based in part on prior work, the applicant will develop baseline SiC technology for use in a wide variety of Army applications in the 250 watt to 2,000 watt range, and also higher power levels. The initial effort will focus on a SiC converter for a 2 kW MTG with VS capability. The converter will be integrated tightly into the end of the PM generator. Generator/converter integration is possible for the first time due to the high temperature capability of the SiC switch (over 400 degrees C)compared to a standard silicon switch (125 degree C). In the base work, a preliminary design will be completed and assessed. In the optional work, several prototype SiC MOSFETs appropriate for this converter will be fabricated in a TO-220 package.

STIRLING TECHNOLOGY CO. 4208 West Clearwater Ave Kennewick, WA 99336
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 735-4700 Dr. Songgang Qiu ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Power The Force: Future Force Power Systems- Critical Enabler for Army Transformation
Abstract:	Advancements in military communications technology will enable better information gathering and decision making but require reliable, robust, quiet, and highly portable electrical power that can be provided by a Free-Piston Stirling Engine generator system. Stirling Technology Company's (STC) experience with space power systems indicates that substantial mass reduction can be achieved through material selection, advanced alternator and heater head designs, and system-level optimization. STC experience with low-cost commercial Combined Heat and Power systems provides cost reduction approaches including assembly improvements, and part redesigns to use automated processes such as stamping and casting. STC will leverage previous mass and cost reduction research into a conceptual design for a Lightweight Stirling Power System design in the 1- to 2-kW range capable of powering Future Combat System hardware in vehicle, robotic, or man-portable platforms.

LIGHTCLOUD SOFTWARE 3964 Vierra St. Pleasanton, CA 94566
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 485-9816 Mrs. Elaine Lusher ARMY 04-099 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Biometric Authentication and Secure Information Services for Wireless Devices
Abstract:	Security concerns have constrained widespread use of small wireless devices for computing. Flaws include the lack of tight over-the-air security in the IEEE 802.11 standard and the lack of strong authentication. While IEEE 802.11 flaws, such as the weak encryption method, are being addressed, strong authentication has not been pursued by wireless vendors. Most current authentication methods rely on passwords, which are not fully secure and require the user to remember cryptic data. Biometric authentication, if highly accurate, would provide strong device security and allow user services to be appropriately restricted. For classified military applications and proprietary enterprise applications, such as legal applications (where the law mandates client-attorney confidentiality) and medical applications (where patient confidentiality must be protected), weak authentication methods are insufficient. Should the device fall into hostile/unauthenticated hands, compromised security could have serious military or legal consequences. The objective of this project is to research state-of-the-art biometric methods and design a software architecture incorporating biometric authentication and offering user and security services based upon valid authentication.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Curtis Wu ARMY 04-100 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Mobile Agent Network Topology and Routing Adaptation (MANTRA)
Abstract:	Army Transformation requires a force that can see first, understand first, act first and finish decisively. This requires an information system that can obtain, deliver, and interpret information in a timely manner. This poses special problems for a highly dynamic mobile network with limited bandwidth and computing such as those found in the dismounted warrior systems. Mobile agent architectures such as the Extensible Mobile Agent Architecture (EMAA) provide a framework for meeting this goal in dismounted warrior systems. In addition to the framework, the network must have the logic to be self-adaptive, so changes to the topology or provided services are automatically taken into account. The logic that drives the agents must allow user commands to be efficiently executed to minimize data flow and minimize execution time. We propose to address these needs by designing and implementing agents that adapt to network conditions and ensure that task agents move and operate optimally. Specifically we envision a Status Agent residing on each node to maintain and propagate information on the network status and a Command Agent residing on each node to configure mobile agents with a statically optimized Agent Itinerary and the necessary Agent Control Logic to dynamically optimize its itinerary.

STREAMSAGE 1016 16th Street, NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 722-2440 Ms. Evelyne Tzoukermann ARMY 04-101 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Arabic Speech-Centered Machine Translation System
Abstract:	Today there is an incredible and rapidly growing amount of Arabic broadcast data available over the air and digitally. Furthermore this media is of high interest to governments and corporations worldwide. In the proposed work, StreamSage proposes to develop a new type of recognition and translation system that would greatly improve the accuracy with which the deluge of broadcast content can be automatically transcribed and translated for use by non-Arabic speakers. At the crux of the proposed system are new approaches for greatly reducing the errors in Arabic speech recognition and reducing the effect of recognition errors on translation accuracy. The goal of the project is to translate Arabic speech to English text with nearly the same accuracy as translating Arabic text to English by constructing a translation system from the ground up with a focus on the unique difficulties presented by spoken language.

UNIVERSAL DISPLAY CORP. 375 Phillips Blvd Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 671-0980 Dr. Anna Chwang ARMY 04-102 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Full Color, Flexible, Day/Nighttime Displays for Mobile Battle Command Environments
Abstract:	The goal of this U.S. Army CERDEC SBIR Program is to design, develop, prototype, and demonstrate a full color, flexible, hands free Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) display to increase the operational capability of Commanders in day and nighttime conditions. Universal Display Corporation (UDC) is developing advanced organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology based on their proprietary high-efficiency phosphorescent OLED (PHOLEDT), transparent OLED (TOLEDT) and flexible OLED (FOLEDr) technologies. The development of novel infrared-emitting PHOLED pixels integrated with UDC's visible color PHOLED technologies and a poly-Si TFT backplane on flexible metal foil is the best solution to meet the Army's flexible display requirements. These technologies will enable a high information content display that will not give away a Commander's position or location during nighttime situations and therefore will avoid signature detection. In Phase I we propose to demonstrate infrared-emitting PHOLED pixels on glass substrates. In a Phase 1 option, we will develop top emission IR pixels on metal foil substrates. In a subsequent Phase 2 we propose to demonstrate a flexible, low power consumption phosphorescent IR emitting AM-OLED display with both visible and infrared pixels providing visible high information content information during daylight operation and avoiding visual signature detection at night.

LOCUS, INC. 5540 Research Park Drive, Fitchburg Center Madison, WI 53711
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 270-0500 Mr. Dick Ferrier ARMY 04-103 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Handheld Positioning/Navigation System for Urban and Indoor Environments
Abstract:	Earlier studies on Locus' new Loran technology demonstrated that Loran signals can be received in urban/indoor environments where GPS is unavailable, but additional development was needed to utilize Loran's advantages in these applications. Nevertheless, it is clear that a combination of technologies will be needed to meet US Army needs for handheld positioning and navigation systems. Locus has advanced its Loran technology, but for Loran to function as a sensor within an integrated navigation, positioning, and communication system, receiver size and power requirements must be reduced. Under an Army program, Multispectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI) is developing an ultra wideband (UWB) range measurement radio system to determine the location of all nodes in an urban or indoor environment. Integration with GPS and Loran will ultimately be required to provide a reference datum. Locus, Inc. Phase I SBIR program will define the necessary development steps to enable use of Loran as an alternate sensor within an UWB system. The Phase I program investigates three key areas regarding size and power consumption of the existing Loran technology: antenna, signal acquisition chain, and receiver board. In addition, Locus will review UWB interface requirements with MSSI, and incorporate those requirements into the Phase II program.

GIRD SYSTEMS, INC. 310 Terrace Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45220
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 281-2900 Mr. Bruce Hart ARMY 04-104 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Co-Channel Interference Mitigation Test Apparatus
Abstract:	The airborne collection environment will encounter a large degree of its operations in an environment predominated by co-channel interference. While no currently available product or algorithm is capable of mitigating all sources of co-channel interference, existing techniques may be used either independently or in combination to address many typical scenarios. An innovative system is proposed which incorporates novel algorithms. The proposed capability will result in improved performance and decreased cost for mitigation of co-channel interference.

VERSATILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. 5 Mountainview Drive Framingham, MA 01701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 285-0315 Dr. Christopher J. Matheus ARMY 04-105 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	An Ontologically-Based Data Fusion Model
Abstract:	Information fusion is part of most military and commercial systems that must collect and process information from sensors and other sources. Systems of this type are extremely complex and thus require sound engineering principles to guide the development process. The JDL Model of Data Fusion has proven useful for this purpose over the past couple decades but it is showing signs of aging. As such it is no longer sufficient to deal with the growing emphasis on higher levels of fusion, nor can it fully accommodate the new and emerging technologies that are defining the net-centric environments of the twenty-first century. We propose to develop a reference model for information fusion that extends and refines the JDL model and provides a formal mathematical basis for the design and development of fusion tools and systems. This model will be vetted through communication and interaction with the fusion community with the ultimate intent of generating a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the standardization of a fusion model by the Object Management Group (OMG).

NAVSYS CORP. 14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 481-4877 Dr. Alison Brown ARMY 04-106 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Integrated Wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensor
Abstract:	Although wideband SIGINT receivers are available from numerous sources, they all require other devices to provide SIGINT processing functionality. In addition, they also need other inputs required for SIGINT operations such as GPS, navigation and frequency reference. Presently, such systems require multiple chassis and connections that have duplicate functions and components driving up the cost and system size. The objective of this effort is to develop a small, man-portable wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) sensor with embedded Global Positioning System (GPS) and INS processing to provide a complete SIGINT sensor in a single unit. Our proposed solution is to develop a Wideband Software Defined Radio based on our existing portable Software GPS Receiver design. This allows precise emitter identification and geolocation to be performed using the GPS derived timing and positioning information in a networked architecture. Under the Phase I effort we shall develop a design for a Wide-Band SDR and demonstrate that the design provides adequate digital shielding, RF signal fidelity, low phase noise, high selectivity and dynamic range and consistent RF and digital performance over environmental conditions to support precision signal measurement functions.

NETWORKFAB CORP. 2066 Walsh Avenue Suite B2 Santa Clara, CA 95050
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 567-0106 Mr. Lars Karlsson ARMY 04-106 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Integrated Wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensor
Abstract:	Today's SIGINT systems need to perform more tasks than ever before. This requires separate, often bulky, pieces of equipment connected by many cables. Employing multiple boxes does not conform to the U.S. Army's Future Combat Systems vision of fielding an "Objective Force" that is lighter, more mobile, agile, and sustainable. Therefore, what is needed is a product that can perform all these SIGINT functions in one single sensor unit. Field operations will be greatly enhanced by such a smaller, lighter one-box solution. In addition, the solution must also have the ability to interface with other military services, government agencies and coalition partners. The product must ultimately be strategically responsive and act as part of a network of sensors, platforms, and command nodes linked by high-speed communications. It is within the capabilities, and the goals, of NetworkFab to provide such a solution. Combining NetworkFab's existing wideband receiver capability, digital drop receivers, DF algorithms, specialized software, and TCP/IP networking capability with GPS, specialized software, and compact integration is the heart of this proposal. When successful, such a solution will help to transform the U.S. Army into the FCS vision of a supremely agile, spectrum dominant force for the 21st century.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Richard Kaszeta ARMY 04-107 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	A Java API for Low-Level Socket Network Access
Abstract:	Modern military computer applications are increasingly using the Java computer language. While Java provides a versatile cross-platform computing environment with strong security and ease-of-use (java.net.Socket), this support is limited to traditional TCP/IP socket-style communications, and lacks the ability for the programmer to directly access lower levels of the network protocol stack, such as raw sockets. Creare proposes the development of a Java API which uses a native code library allowing Java programs to manipulate raw sockets through a consistent and secure interface. This API would allow Java programs to directly implement low-level networking sockets, such as packet filtering, packet sniffing and manipulation of low-level IP or transport layer data. In Phase I, we will research implementing raw sockets in Java, report on the feasibility and implications of such an implementation, and create an application that demonstrates a subset of this prototype API. In Phase II, we will further develop the API to include a broad range of raw socket features (including support for higher level network stack protocols and headers, such as TCP and UDP). The end result of Phase II will be a complete raw socket API that can be used in a wide variety of Java networking applications.

AUSTIN INFO SYSTEMS, INC. 301 Camp Craft Road Austin, TX 78746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 329-6661 Dr. David Read ARMY 04-108 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Visualization Support of Higher-Level Fusion Processes
Abstract:	Research in visualization of multi-int data to improve the fusion process has taken recently taken on multiple approaches. In particular, link analysis diagrams have become popular for visualizing relationships between friendly, threat, unknown and NGA entities. Link analysis diagrams, while powerful, are often difficult to input data, navigate, filter and visualize content. They often are not integrated with existing intelligence tools. This research will aid level 2 fusion by providing capability in the following areas: aggregation of entities from multiple perspectives, easy/dynamic grouping of entities, dynamic filtering and grouping, integration with existing intelligence data, and integration with existing intelligence products including maps. Techniques for aggregation based on features and attributes will include: Feature prediction, multivariate statistics, principal component analysis and resampling for validation. In phase I of this effort AIS will research and the best means for providing these capabilities, provide a prototype integrated with realistic or real-world data, provide a road map for transition of these capabilities into future efforts including FCS and DCGS-A. Phase II will result in the development of the prototype "Multi-INT Visualization Tools (MVTools)" that will be integrated and tested within an FCS application to demonstrate the effectiveness of the product.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz ARMY 04-108 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	A Toolkit for Building Interfaces for Operator-in-the-Loop Data Fusion (BIFOLD)
Abstract:	Decision-making in modern warfare environments is characterized by large amounts of complex information from a variety of systems that must be rapidly processed by the commander. Part of this complexity is due to poor data fusion and part due to added meta-information, or, information qualifiers (e.g., reliability) that increase the commander's burden. Effective human-system interfaces that intelligently incorporate meta-information, while helping visualize the fusion process, relieve the decision-maker's workload and enable situationally aware decisions. We propose to tackle this problem by designing and prototyping a toolkit for Building Interfaces For Operator-in-the-Loop Data Fusion (BIFOLD). Three core tasks characterize our approach. First, we will revise the JDL Data Fusion Model to incorporate operator visualization of, and interaction with, the Level 2 fusion process. Second, we will perform a cognitive task analysis to identify the operator's information and meta-information requirements and to define a human performance model for guiding interface design. Third, we will prototype a toolkit containing generic interface methods for operator-in-the-loop data fusion. We will leverage our expertise in human performance and interface design to develop the BIFOLD toolkit, interface it with an existing in-house data fusion application, and evaluate its potential to support other fusion-based Future Combat System applications.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Mr. Deak Feken ARMY 04-111 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Low Cost Radio Based ID and Position Reporting System
Abstract:	The US military has a developed and is testing several technologies that promise to reduce fratricide incidents on the battlefield. These Radio-Based Combat Identification Systems consist of specially modified, currently inventoried, military radio systems. These systems do not allow identification of friendly forces using commercial radio systems and, therefore, such personnel may be targeted. Nomadics will implement a low-cost approach to the modification of commercial radio systems to provide not only identification of the system but also the system's location. The proposed approach will be based on an existing system used by the amateur radio community. This system incorporates the basic requirements of a commercial radio-based identification system, including GPS position reporting. The system could automatically, or by interrogation, identify and locate all other units involved in the operation. Some systems could support display of asset identities and locations of the interrogated units. This project will focus on the enhancements required to provide the level of speed, security, and robustness necessary for a reliable, rugged, and user-friendly commercial field-deployable system that can be integrated with military systems.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Mr. Joseph Salzman ARMY 04-112 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Ultra-Lightweight Moving Target Indicator (MTI) Radar for Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) and Organic Aerial Vehicles (OAV)
Abstract:	In an effort to enhance the OAV and UGS missions within the context of the Future Force vision, the Army has a need for an ultra-lightweight (objective: 2 lb) MTI radar sensor capable of 360 deg detection of moving dismounted troops at ranges of up to 3 km (objective) in desert terrain, under windless conditions and near-zero platform speed. TSC proposes a novel MTI Omni-directional Radar concept that can be implemented with currently available RF MEMS, A/D converters, and FPGA technologies. Using low peak transmitter power to reduce detectability and enhance mission survivability, the Light MTIOR concept provides detection of dismounts at ranges to 3 km, with sufficient angle resolution to cue an EO/IR sensor for further imaging. It is anticipated that, provided a high level of component integration, the concept will meet the objective weight during pre-production or production phases of development. During Phase I, TSC will investigate the feasibility of the Light MTIOR concept, demonstrate its detection and angle measurement capability via closed-form analyses and simulations, and develop a preliminary design for Phase II ground-based and tower demonstration tests.

BRIDGEWAVE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 3350 Thomas Road Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 567-6951 Mr. Sean Cahill ARMY 04-113 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) Based Surveillance System
Abstract:	A wireless LAN (WLAN) for an airborne surveillance application uses the 60GHz band, providing GigE speed, no interference with surveillance frequencies, based on adaptation of our proven point to point wireless GigE technology. The system operation is similar to existing WLANs, such as 802.11, however much higher speed can be obtained by the antenna beam-shape and the availability 7GHz-wide unlicensed spectrum. The key new development is an adaptive, highly-directional antenna and the beam steering algorithms. Our demonstrated millimeter-wave MEMS ability is likely to play a key role in facilitating this antenna. The end product will be a GigE WLAN, adaptable to wide range of application and end-user instruments by adding local adaptors as required to facilitate a complete surveillance system or, eventually, any high speed WLAN. Our Phase I key activities are to define the propagation environment, antenna concept, beam forming algorithms, and make preliminary tests of actual propagation and interference.

MAXION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite G60 Hyattsville, MD 20782
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 699-0232 Dr. Richard P. Leavitt ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Quantum-Cascade-Laser-Based Systems for LWIR Military Applications
Abstract:	We propose to develop new quantum cascade-laser (QCL) based systems useful for military platform and perimeter protection, free space communications, infrared countermeasures, and chemical sensing applications. New QCL structures will be designed and optimized, and a careful thermal analysis will be performed to determine cooler requirements and the best cooler design for a system operating at or near room temperature in the LWIR (8.5 - 12 micron) wavelength band producing on the order of 0.5 W average power at a 25% duty cycle. Various laser configurations will be investigated, including a master oscillator/power amplifier (MOPA) configuration with a QCL-based oscillator chip coupled to a grating to form an external cavity laser that provides a tunable source of nearly monochromatic light to a QCL-based semiconductor optical amplifier chip.

MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 491-7208 Dr. Steven Slivken ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	High Average Power Quantum Cascade Lasers for Long Wavelength Infrared Applications
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to determine the feasibility of a long wave infrared (8.5-12 micron) semiconductor laser source that can operate near ambient temperature with several hundred mWs of average output power. At present, the main focus will be placed on the quantum cascade laser, which has already demonstrated high performance in this wavelength range at ambient temperature. Intrinsic performance will be studied as a function of operating wavelength and laser geometry in order to determine the optimum configuration for high average power operation.

TRION TECHNOLOGY 1025 South 52nd Street Tempe, AZ 85281
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 968-8818 Mr. John Joseph ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Longwave Infrared Semiconductor Lasers
Abstract:	This program focuses on the development of novel high-temperature and high-power longwave infrared (LWIR) quantum cascade lasers operating in the 8 to 12 �m window, for military countermeasures, chemical and biological sensing, remote atmospheric sensing and imaging, noninvasive inspection of semiconductor wafers, and secure free-space communications. Such devices can be compact and enabling. The objectives proposed for Phase I and Phase I Option are the theoretical simulation and design of the device structure including injection efficiency and active region design, the growth of test samples to study and regulate the emission wavelength, and the fabrication of in-plane lasers to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sources. We will also implement newly developed MBE growth technology that improves the performance and yield of quantum cascade lasers.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 1001 Bishop Street, ASB Tower, Suite 2970 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Dr. Ken Cheung ARMY 04-115 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Mobile Sensor Systems for Intelligence Collection Using Doppler Shifting of Existing Communication Technology
Abstract:	Wireless communication signals can be used to detect human vital signs by measuring the Doppler shift of the returning signal. It is possible to use ambient wireless signals in the environment such as from cordless and mobile phones as a microwave Doppler radar to remotely and accurately measure an individual's pulse and respiration. Because of the range of typical frequencies involved, it is also possible for Doppler radar to measure vital signs through barriers such as drywall, cement and other non-metal construction materials. In addition, advanced signal processing techniques, combined with innovative hardware design could allow for not only detection of an individual through a wall but also the number and relative positions of multiple subjects. This Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of sensing multiple individuals' vital signs through a wall and lay the groundwork for developing techniques to measure relative positions of multiple personnel through a wall.

FAIRCHILD IMAGING 1801 McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 433-2663 Mr. Rex Bordwell ARMY 04-116 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Interline CCD for Low light Imagery
Abstract:	There is a distinct need to replace the current Gen III image intensifier imaging system with an all solid-state low light level camera. Between the two potential silicon solid-state image sensor technologies, the CCD is the preferred choice since it generally has higher QE, lower dark current and better uniformity than the state-of-the-art CMOS imager. To meet the performance requirements under overcast starlight level conditions with no or minimum cooling, the dark current of a conventional CCD needs to be further reduced. In addition, given the high dynamic that the camera must support, a conventional CCD (even with anti-blooming structure) may have a potential smear problem where a bright spot in the image causes smearing in the associated column during the vertical register transfer time. The smear will result in extra electron injection into other pixels within that column, causing extra shot noise that degrades the image quality. In this work we will design a high performance, interline frame transfer CCD that will achieve 10pA/cm? dark current, or less than 2 electrons per pixel per frame. The CCD architecture will have minimum smearing even when the bright region in the image is 100 times stronger than the sensor saturation level.

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. 3490 U.S. Route 1, Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 524-0257 Dr. J. Christopher Dries ARMY 04-116 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	A 1920x1080 Pixel Visible and Shortwave Infrared Focal Plane Array and Camera for Night Vision Imaging
Abstract:	Sensors Unlimited will design, develop, and deliver a 1920x1080 element InGaAs focal plane array based camera for use in BOTH the Visible and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) wavelength bands. Using Sensors Unlimited's proven InP substrate removal process, the short wavelength response of an InGaAs focal plane array is extended, such that the wavelength response spans from the visible (400 nm and 20% quantum efficiency) to the SWIR (1700 nm and 80% quantum efficiency). In addition, a readout integrated circuit architecture with in-pixel current amplification is utilized to achieve "noiseless" gains similar to those obtained by charge multiplying CCD image sensors. During phase I, our current 640x512 buffered input gate modulated readout integrated circuit architecture will be scaled to the 1920x1080 format at the schematic and modeling design level, with circuit layout taking place during the Phase I option period. In addition, we will demonstrate 1920x1080 pixel bump bonding technology with substrate removal on a 12.5 micron pixel pitch during Phase I. During Phase II, the readout integrated circuit and substrate removed InGaAs photodiode arrays will be fabricated and mated to miniature camera electronics, similar to our existing 320x256 MicroCamera platform.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Dr. Jack Salerno ARMY 04-117 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Waveband-Switchable Low Cost IR Camera
Abstract:	Based on our recent progress in a proprietary optical MEMS IR camera technology, Agiltron Inc. proposes to develop a revolutionary approach to produce an uncooled IR imager whose operation band is switchable between broadband coverage of the combined MWIR and LWIR spectrum and only the MWIR region. The design has fundamental advantages in cost and performance compared with the competitive approaches. The uncooled operation offers attractive attributes of a compact, lightweight, low power, rugged, and long operating life device. The innovation is based on a new photoelectric sensing pixel made of micro-machined thermo-mechanical cantilevers that directly convert the IR image into a visible image with self-background noise cancellation capability. The approach facilitates the use of highly sensitive IR sensing materials without the obstacle of processing incompatibilities. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to produce an affordable uncooled bolometer IR imager by eliminating the need for costly electronic amplification and fan-out. The optical means provides instantaneous readout without the need for scanning that limits the operation speed. High sensitivity is anticipated due to the excellent pixel thermal isolation configuration. Moreover, the simple design potentially leads to large pixel array due to its high manufacture yield. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility and a fully functional prototype will be produced in Phase II.

BLACK FOREST ENGINEERING, LLC 1879 Austin Bluffs Parkway Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 593-9501 Dr. Stephen Gaalema ARMY 04-117 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Uncooled Midwave Focal Plane Array (FPA) and Camera for RPG Detection
Abstract:	Uncooled Focal Plane Array (UFPA) technology has evolved such that high performance can be achieved in both the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR 3-5 micron) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR 8-14 micron) bands. The main reason for this performance improvement has been increased thermal isolation of the bolometric sensing element. High performance can be achieved in both the MWIR and LWIR with a single detector, with a broadband response, and a switchable filter. Black Forest Engineering will investigate and design an uncooled camera employing microbolometers that meets the following specifications: NETD < 150mK referenced to f/1 optics with 90% transmission and radiation pass band of 3.0-micron to 5.0-micron observing an ideal black body at 300 K operating at 60 frames per second and has a switchable filter to allow for receiving 3 to 13 um radiation. The UFPA will have a resolution of 320x240 or more pixels with a pixel pitch less than 50.0 micron.

BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA 5024 Campbell Blvd.,, Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 668-5800 Dr. Chen Chia Wang ARMY 04-118 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Acoustic Landmine Detection: INTERFEROMETER-LESS PULSED LASER VIBROMETER FOR LANDMINE DETECTION
Abstract:	A light-weight, compact, high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer is proposed using photo-EMF sensors for the non-contact detection and mapping of buried landmines. The fast response times (~ ns) and high sensitivity of the photo-EMF sensors allow continuous and real-time monitoring of vibration characteristics of the ground and canopy based on which the presence and species of landmines can be determined with high precision and fast speed. The high sensitivity of the proposed pulsed laser vibrometer allows the deployment of low average-power laser sources and the reduction of collection optics sizes, leading to compact laser vibrometers that are easy to manipulate, power-conservative, and ideal for landmine detection onboard a vehicle or an aircraft. The interferometer-less feature of the photo-EMF pulsed laser vibrometer alleviates it from the stringent optical alignment and stabilization requirements faced by conventional optical interferometer-based apparatus and makes it ideal for applications in noisy environments like the battlefields. The feasibility of using the photo-EMF pulsed laser vibrometer to locate buried landmines will be demonstrated during the Phase I program, with the relevant signal processing algorithms also developed. A prototype pulsed laser vibrometer for landmine detection in battlefield environments will be developed during the Phase II research program.

AMETHYST RESEARCH, INC. 701 South Broadway Tishomingo, OK 73460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 227-9414 Dr. Weiliang Xu ARMY 04-119 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Passivation of Dislocation Defects by Hydrogenation for High Performance Longwave Infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe on Silicon
Abstract:	For reasons primarily related to a lack of a suitable lattice matched substrate and the need to integrate with Si ROIC's, there is a need for delivery of low defect density HgCdTe epilayers on Si. Despite the significant lattice mismatch between Si and HgCdTe several US companies have demonstrated that it is possible to obtain high performance MBE grown MWIR (3-5 microns)-HgCdTe devices on large area Si substrates. This MWIR success cannot, however, be directly translated to LWIR (8-12 microns)-HgCdTe detectors because of their increased sensitivity to material etch pit density. Due to this, it is necessary to develop techniques for reducing and/or electrically neutralizing the defects originating at the substrate/epilayer interface. It is well established that hydrogenation can be used to passivate defects in III-V and group IV semiconductor materials. Very little work has been reported on the effects, electrical or otherwise, of hydrogenation of II-VI materials. In this Phase I we propose to study the effects of hydrogenation on the electrical activity of defects in MBE grown HgCdTe epilayers on Si(211)B substrates. The results obtained in Phase I will be used to optimize a process technology to enable fabrication of high performance MBE grown LWIR HgCdTe on Si. In Phase II a prototype focal plane array will be fabricated using the passivation process developed and the performance demonstrated by acquiring 77K imagery.

EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 771-0203 Dr. Paul Boieriu ARMY 04-119 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Performance Longwave Infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe on Silicon
Abstract:	It is critical in the field on infrared imaging to reduce array costs and simultaneously improve their performance. We propose to achieve both. The use of long wavelength infrared HgCdTe grown on Si substrates will reduce the array costs, increase its mechanical strength and permit the fabrication of larger area arrays than present-day technology based on bulk CdZnTe substrates. Performance enhancements result from the passivation of defects created by the lattice mismatch between HgCdTe and Si. We will develop a reliable method to passivate the electrical activity of defects such as dislocations in long-wavelength HgCdTe grown on Si. The success of this program will be demonstrated by the fabrication of high performance long-wavelength infrared detectors on Si substrates.

WAVEFRONT RESEARCH, INC. 616 West Broad Street Bethlehem, PA 18018
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 974-8977 Mr. Thomas A. Mitchell ARMY 04-120 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPACT LIGHTWEIGHT LWIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I effort is to investigate, develop, and characterize a new class of high performance, compact, lightweight, LWIR hyperspectral imaging sensors enabled by an innovative design form and dispersing element technology that are suitable for use on uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs). The optical properties of these systems, including light gathering capability, spatial resolution, optical distortion, and other system parameters will be modeled and characterized, and estimates of performance metrics such as NEDT and NESR will be predicted.

LIGHTLINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 254 Marked Tree Rd. Needham, MA 02492
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 449-5297 Dr. Steven A. Lis ARMY 04-121 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Passive Ranging with Motion Detection
Abstract:	This program has the goal of using uncooled IR based sensor systems to provide real-time tracking of multiple objects in three dimensions. The goal includes operability in cluttered and realistic scene situations that are critical to military and surveillance applications. These goals are addressed by a novel approach to passive range determination that makes optimal use of the information carried by the optical wavefronts. The performance target for ranging is 1 meter resolution at a distance of 1000 meters from a single measurement. Precision range measurments with will be coupled with advanced tracking algorithms to provide real-time 3D scene interpretation. Because of the simplicity of the optical design and sophistication of available computer hardware, the complete system can have a form factor compatible with man-portable, or covert surveillance applications. Phase I program includes 1) model optical performance from accurate diffraction limited optical computer models, 2) develop software for coupling range information with motion detection and image tracking, 3) develop a detailed infrared system testing plan and 4) perform experiments verifying the fundamental range measurement method. A proposed Phase I Option program is aimed at incorporating wavefront coding into the 2D motion analysis system segment for advanced depth of field performance.

FOR3D., INC. 2627 Canterburry Drive Santa Rosa, CA 95405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 572-0789 Dr. Alan Shulman ARMY 04-122 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Innovative 3-D Imaging for Uncooled and Low Light Level Sensors
Abstract:	Target identification, hazard recognition, situational awareness, and predicting an intersection collision point between two moving trajectories are some of the tasks that can be impacted by a 3d visualization system for a soldier. Traditional 3d techniques require two viewpoints to create stereo in a specific moment in time. For3d has been pioneering techniques to create accurate 3d visualization based on historical data and movement from a single sensor. Parallax and convergence problems, headache, costs and lack of depth information are some of the problems that have been mitigated by For3d's approach. Although it is well known that with enough processing power accurate 3d depth maps can be calculated from a series of raster images, it is not yet practical for real time applications For3d proposes to utilize camera image data mining techniques and human perception capabilities to create an accurate 3d visualization of a soldiers environment and situational factors from a single camera and seamlessly register mission database infromation with the real world.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Fedor Dimov ARMY 04-123 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Viewbox Enhanced Wave-Guided Helmet Mounted Display Visor Optics
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for an ultrathin, wave-guided head-mounted display (HMD) for the Future Force Warrior (FFW), Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Viewbox Enhanced Wave-guided (VIEW) HMD technology based on our demonstrated aberration-compensated waveguide holographic optical element (HOE) technology. The proposed approach will display high resolution color imagery over a field-of-view (FOV) of up to 90 degrees with a large eye motion box (>10 mm), and see-through capability. In this system, highly off-axis waveguide holograms make possible thin, low-profile visor optics for the HMD. POC's commercial product, Light Shaping Diffuser, for illumination and a specially designed narrowband red-green-blue multiplexed holographic optical element demonstrated previously will largely prevent the chromatic and geometric aberration introduced by conventional HOEs and refractive optics. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of VEIW-HMD by producing a thin test plate, containing a tapered waveguide and three-color hologram that together will direct visual information from the miniature SVGA display into the soldier's eye. In Phase II POC plans to deliver a hardware prototype of an advanced wave-guided head-mounted display system.

MIGMA SYSTEMS, INC. 1600 Providence Highway Walpole, MA 02081
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 660-0328 Dr. Bo Ling ARMY 04-124 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Multi-Classifier Fusion and Nonparametric Decision for Landmine Detection
Abstract:	Traditional techniques to detect and remove landmines are both dangerous and time consuming. Very little technology is currently employed in the real world for the detection of landmines. Metal detectors are effective against metal-based landmines, but many mines are plastic cased. Landmines are divided up into two broad classes: antitank (AT) mines, which are designed to impede the progress of or destroy vehicles, and antipersonnel (AP) mines, which are designed to kill and maim people. Landmine comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. They can be square, round, cylindrical, or bar shaped. The casing can be metal, plastic, or wood. These characteristics make the landmine detection challenging. An effective mine detection system should be capable of using all available thermal, spectral and spatial differences for discrimination. The main objective of this project is the development and implementation of a new landmine detection system with classifiers based on surface shapes, textures, comprehensive feature vectors and spectral structures. We propose to develop a set of new nonparametric hypothesis test schemes based on cluster trending analysis and randomness test. A new unsupervised neural network is proposed to cluster measurement data. All classifiers will be fused based on our LIM-based optimal fusion method.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Vitaly Ablavsky ARMY 04-125 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Non-Uniformity Correction Algorithm Suite (NUCAS)
Abstract:	Warfighters depend on infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) sensors to detect and recognize targets in many situations. Unfortunately, modern IRFPAs still suffer from sensor non-uniformity, which can be even more limiting than low contrast or lack of resolution. To make matters worse, the non-uniform response exhibits temporal drift, making it impossible to perform a one-time calibration at the factory. There are two common techniques for non-uniformity correction: radiometric (which requires that the sensor be taken off-line for calibration) and scene based (using just the sensor data). Current scene-based non-uniformity correction techniques have limitations for static scenes as well as for dynamic scenes exhibiting complex motion. We propose to develop a suite of algorithms for non-uniformity correction. The starting point for this effort will be our real-time autonomous video enhancement system, which is capable of correcting numerous single- and multi-frame artifacts. We will use this system to develop algorithms for motion-based non-uniformity correction and for scene-based correction that is also radiometrically accurate. We employ a motion estimation algorithm that is sub-pixel accurate, can handle arbitrary changes in the scene and is robust to large amounts of noise. Lastly, we develop methods for handling scenes without any apparent motion.

IMAGECORP, INC. 6411 Ivy Lane #106 Greenbelt, MD 20770
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 220-2123 Dr. Qinfen Zheng ARMY 04-126 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel methods for Autonomous/Assisted Human Activity Modeling and Anomaly Detection
Abstract:	Recognition of human intention using infrared video sequences has applications in surveillance. Although motion trajectories extracted from IR sequences contain significant information about the underlying event, we need a methodology to connect trajectories and intentions. ImageCorp, Inc proposes to implement two deformable-shape based descriptions for characterizing human intentions. The first one is based on the factorization of motion trajectories in terms of basis shapes such that every activity is represented as a weighted sum of basis shapes. When a video is given, the method extracts motion trajectories and identifies the closest activity using a similarity measure. If an unforeseen event occurs, the corresponding motion trajectory will be poorly represented by the existing basis shapes and so will be seen as an outlier. The second approach uses statistical shape theory for modeling the mean shape of the configurations of moving humans and its deformation over time. The mean shapes are represented using Markov processes, which enable us to derive conditions for identifying similar intentions as well as abnormal ones. Both approaches lend themselves for operator intervention and on-line training. We will evaluate the effectiveness of these two approaches using in house data and any sponsor provided data.

RKF ENGINEERING 1229 19th Street NW Washington, DC 20036
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 463-1564 Dr. Jeffrey Freedman ARMY 04-127 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Modeling and Simulation of Spectral and Spatial Efficiency, Communications Bandwidth and Range Optimization and Security Performance in a Directional Networked Communications Environment
Abstract:	RKF Engineering proposes the development of a software simulation system for designing, analyzing, testing and optimizing dynamic, on the move, directional networks. The proposed system will accept target design goals, concepts and constraints and sequentially analyze all aspects of the communications system and control all components of the environment. A graphical programming language interface will facilitate quick scenario and network setup. Visualization and interactive capabilities will allow the user to monitor and guide the design progress. Central to this software simulation tool will be a cognitive engine that will automatically examine candidate architectures and approaches leading to the optimal network design that meets the required objectives. With hundreds or potentially thousands of free parameters the design optimization will be extremely difficult and will have to rely on one or more advanced artificial intelligence approaches to develop candidate designs.

SAN DIEGO RESEARCH CENTER, INC. 6885 Flanders Drive, Suite A-B San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 623-9424 Dr. Bo Ryu ARMY 04-127 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Multi-Tasking Assessment for Personnel Selection and Development
Abstract:	Develop, validate and demonstrate a highly usable and versatile modeling and simulation tool enabling extensive comparative study between a wide variety of design considerations of directional communications using focused antenna beams.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-3343 Mr. Mitchell Shifrin ARMY 04-128 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Efficiency Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Power Amplifiers For SATCOM
Abstract:	This proposal is presented in response to the SBIR solicitation number A04-128 entitled, "High Efficiency MMIC Power Amplifiers for SATCOM". This proposal calls for the development of narrowband high efficiency power amplifiers at 30 and 44 GHz. In particular the program goal is to improve amplifier PAE from 15-20% to 40-60%. This improvement is essential to reduce system cost and size by simplifying cooling requirements. The solicitation suggests as one possibility the use of ferroelectric capacitors as tuning networks to achieve the efficiency goal. This proposal presents an expanded list of all the factors that must be addressed to achieve the aggressive efficiency goal. These factors include the device characteristics, class of operation, MMIC passive element characteristics, fundamental and harmonic terminations, matching network topology and losses, drive ratio considerations, MMIC level thermal management and packaging considerations. Further, in communications applications it is also important to consider the modulation characteristics as average amplifier efficiency can be substantially improved by improving amplifier linearity. The Phase I effort will include process technology review and selection, device modeling and characterization, amplifier designs including consideration of factors listed above. The resulting designs will be fabricated and evaluated during the Phase II program.

JJW CONSULTING, INC. 455 commack road Deer Park, NY 11729
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 595-6602 Mr. Henry Paczkowski ARMY 04-128 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Efficiency Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Power Amplifiers For SATCOM
Abstract:	JJW is proposing a development of high power millimeter wave MMIC amplifiers at both Ka and Q-Band to be used in the SATCOM antennas for the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical(WIN-T and the Multiband Integrated Satellite Terminals (MIST) programs. The objective of the program is to develop high efficiency(>40%) MMIC amplifiers with power output in the 1.5 to 2watt range. The frequency of the Ka-Band Amplifier is 30 to 31GHz and the Q-Band amplifier is 43.5 to 45.5GHz.The primary application is phased arrays for the Army-On-the-Move platforms where present power amplifiers have efficiencies that range from 15 to 20% that results in exceesive power consumption, thermal problems, and poor reliability due to high channel temperatures. Based on a technological comparision of semiconductor that could potentially be used for this program, MHEMT was shown to have the highest probability of meeting the program technical objectives.

EFFICIENT CHANNEL CODING 600 Safeguard Plaza, Suite 100 Brookyln Hts, OH 44131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 635-1610 Dr. William Thesling ARMY 04-129 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Networked Micro-Radios for Micro-UAVs
Abstract:	In this proposed effort, Efficient Channel Coding (ECC) will validate various technologies and concepts for xSTREAM (eXtreme Streaming Transmitter-Receiver for Enhanced Application Micro-UAVs). xSTREAM is ECC's approach to enabling a self-contained, wireless, mobile, ad-hoc, power efficient communications for the US Army's Future Combat System Class II Micro-UAVs. The xSTREAM transceiver consists of a receiver for command and control and a transmitter for streaming of image, telemetry and other sensor data. The xSTREAM architecture is designed to be compatible within the architecture of the Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS). The air interface waveforms will be based on the JTRS Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) Low Probability of Intercept (LPI), Low Probability of Detection (LPD), and Antijam (AJ) waveforms. Extensions to these WNW Signals in Space (SiS), framing, and Medium Access Control (MAC) are provided to enable adaptive operation in a variable data rate and variable link conditions. Also, approaches to matching the variable data rate with variable rate image compression, header compression, and storage/playback will be investigated. Additionally, an onboard micro-network to provide a network from variable sensors and command interfaces will be developed. Finally, implementation techniques using the latest low-power programmable DSP and ASIC technologies will be applied to providing and miniature form-factor will be investigated. The result of the Phase I SBIR will be a conceptual design and hardware architecture for xSTREAM that can be prototyped in a Phase II SBIR.

KENT OPTRONICS, INC. 275 Martinel Dr., Suite W Kent, OH 44240
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(845) 897-0138 Dr. Le Li ARMY 04-130 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Laser Agile Multibeam Payload
Abstract:	This SBIR proposal introduces a stationary agile multi-Gb/s full field-of-regards (FOR) multi-beam multi-aperture optical beam steering modular (BSM) for military multimission hardware. With a near 4p field of regards (FOR), the BSM independently steers "N ? M" laser beams. It features compactness, fast slew rate, lightweight, low power consumption, and accurate beam pointing. The core component is a fast beam steering element featuring microsecond steering speed. When equipped with tunable lasers, the wavelength of each steered laser beam can be changed. The BSM can be readily integrated into current or future targeting, countermeasure, communication and tracking systems. It is expected that at the end of the Phase II program, the technical readiness level will reach 6. In Phase I, detailed design considerations will be given to the proposed BSM with emphasis on its future integration with the mentioned military systems. Performance aspects such as field of view, steered laser beam size, beam width, steering speed, beam number, laser power, and spectral tuning will be determined. The Phase I Option will start to develop the components for the BSM. In Phase II, prototype BSM will be developed and tested followed by Phase III commercialization for military as well as commercial applications.

MEGAWAVE CORP. PO Box 614, 200 Shrewsbury St. Boylston, MA 01505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 869-2700 Mr. Marshall Cross ARMY 04-131 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	RF (Radio Frequency) Communications for Unattended Ground Sensor and Munition Systems
Abstract:	This proposal describes our approach for the design of an UGS based small, innovative, conformal/flush antenna system covering the 225-500 MHz radio band that excites a linearly polarized wave along the earth and circularly polarized wave above approximately 10 degrees elevation angle. We will use a combination of structural (innovative shapes, sizes and helical wrapping techniques), novel nanotube loaded polymers as flexible, strong, lightweight, high dielectric loading materials to both reduce the antennas' dimensions and protect their elements. Also described is an efficient, accurate and innovative technique for both predicting 225-500 MHz link performance between UGS equipped with near-earth antennas and determining their optimum deployment density considering communications performance. Our proposed approach will adapt the recently formulated stochastic approach that is based on a "wandering photon" or random walk description of wave pro