AF - 597 Phase I Selections from the 05.1 Solicitation

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597 Phase I Selections from the 05.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

APPLIED NANOTECH, INC. 3006 Longhorn Blvd., Suite 107 Austin, TX 78758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 339-5020 Dr. Richard Fink AF 05-001 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	High Current Density Carbon Nanotube Cold Cathode for TWT Applications
Abstract:	We propose a carbon nanotube based cold cathode designed for high current density, continuous beam operation for Traveling Wave Tubes and other microwave device applications. Our approach in this proposal will be to design the CNT emitters to spread the emission current load and to heat sink the emitters firmly to high thermal conducting carbon fibers. The carbon fiber substrate will also be used to align the carbon nanotube emitters and space them apart such that they will not electrically shield each other. Feasibility of this approach will be demonstrated by achieving 1-10 Amps/cm2 current density in continuous beam operation with a uniformity of 20% across the cathode face.

POWER TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (PTS), INC. 6304D, Westgate Rd Raleigh, NC 27617
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 362-1501 Mr. John Driscoll AF 05-001 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Cold Cathode for Traveling Wave Tubes
Abstract:	A novel method of creating hot electrons via a pn junction will be used to eject electrons from a cold cathode. The accelerated electrons will have suficient energy to surmont the work function and surface dipole. The cold cathode will be used in a new type of minature Traveling Wave Tube or "Twystrode". Advanced semiconductor materials with low work functions will be produced and evaluated as planar field emitters both with and without pn junctions.

XINTEK, INC. P.O. Box 13788, 7020 Kit Creek Road, Suite 280 RTP, NC 27709
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 423-1832 Dr. Bo Gao AF 05-001 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Carbon Nanotube Based Electron Field Emission Cathodes for Traveling Wave Tubes
Abstract:	The conventional thermionic cathodes used in traveling wave tubes (TWTs) suffer from many technical limitations including limited current density, poor energy efficiency, difficulty of control, and lack of miniaturization. Xintek, Inc. has developed proprietary technologies for fabrication of high performance field emission cold cathodes based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our CNT cathodes tested at Air Force have shown high emission current density (up to 75 A/cm2), excellent emission stability, and high pulsation rate (>100 KHz). They have great potential to replace the thermionic cathodes and provide enhanced TWT performances. In this Phase I project we will: a) study and refine the performance of our CNT cathodes to generate current densities of 1-10 A/cm2, the typical performance of thermionic cathodes used in TWTs; b) collaborate with the Beverly Microwave Division (BMD) of Communications & Power Industries (CPI) to investigate the performances of our CNT cathodes in practical TWT environments and predict current density of our cathodes in real TWT devices. In phase II we will: a) integrate our CNT cathodes into actual TWTs and optimize the cathode design to enhance their efficiency, reliability and current density; b) prepare a commercialization roadmap to market the technologies.

ADVANCED OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. P.O Box 8383 Albuquerque, NM 87198
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 250-9586 Dr. Brian G. Hoover AF 05-002 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Laser discrimination of unresolved space and airborne targets based on the effects of surface correlations on the backscattered state of polarization
Abstract:	Changes in the state of polarization of scattered laser radiation can be utilized to discriminate among targets according to surface microstructures on the wavelength scale. Newly-developed rigorous electromagnetic coherence theory is applied to the inverse problem of laser discrimination of unresolved space and airborne targets based on the effects of surface correlations on the backscattered state of polarization. Algorithms are developed to deal with speckle noise and the narrow spatial bandwidth characteristic of active ground-to-space and ground-to-air scenarios. Laboratory measurements are utilized to verify the theory and test the algorithms.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Byron Zollars AF 05-002 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Target Identification via Laser-Material Interaction
Abstract:	The Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) is being developed for precision strike missions utilizing a directed-energy laser weapon mounted to or in an aircraft to engage ground or airborne targets. When there is some uncertainty about the visual identification of targets, the coherent radiation from the ATL assists determination of targeting by probing the material and surface characteristics of the irradiated object. Backscattered radiation from potential targets can be analyzed for changes in polarization, speckle size and modulation depth, and dependence of backscattered intensity with angle. These quantities all depend upon the composition and surface topology of the object being irradiated. Coupled with a traditional passive sensor system, the laser-material interaction can provide additional discrimination information to the aircrew when attempting to positively identify a target, or actively avoiding a particular type of target in a cluttered or obscured area. Nanohmics Inc. will use the fundamental physics of scattering to develop insight and expectations regarding the scatter characteristics of a variety of potential target materials. We will use our existing scatterometer instrument to verify the predictions of the analytical model and to demonstrate the performance of candidate target discrimination algorithms.

G A TYLER ASSOC., INC. 1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 772-7668 Dr. Glenn A. Tyler AF 05-003 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	High-Resolution Wide-Dynamic-Range MEMS-Based Closed-Loop Adaptive Optics System
Abstract:	This proposed effort bridges the gap between the present state of development of MEMS deformable mirror technology and the practical implementation of this technology in high resolution, wide dynamic range applications. The work begins with a detailed assessment of the requirements associated with a wide variety of applications and ends with the conceptual design of a test bed that can experimentally evaluate and demonstrate the performance of MEMS deformable mirror technology in a variety of important applications. A key feature of the proposed effort is its synergy with other ongoing efforts such as the DARPA CCIT program.

INTELLITE 1717 Louisiana, NE Suite 202 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 268-4742 Mr. Keith Bush AF 05-003 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	High-Resolution Wide-Dynamic-Range MEMS-Based Closed-Loop Adaptive Optics System
Abstract:	This work researchs the use of a novel, patented Moire fringe wavefront sensor for fast, high density wavefront correction in an adaptive optics system. Based around existing technology for lightweight, durable and inexpensive membrane deformable mirrors already under development at Intellite (in transition to AgilOptics in 2005), this innovative adaptive optical system with a fast optical computer Moire wavefront sensor, will operate at speeds up to 500Hz and have the ability to remove most of the atmospheric distortions in military optical systems. The system should be very lightweight, rugged, require minimal computer processing and very conservative operating power.

OPTRON SYSTEMS, INC. 3 Preston Court Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-3100 Mr. Jeremy Hui AF 05-003 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Dual Wavefront Sensor Adaptive Optics System
Abstract:	Recent developments in MEMS-based deformable mirrors offer improved performance for adaptive optics (AO) systems. However, because of current limitations in wavefront sensing and processing, these performance gains have been largely unexploited. To address this need, we propose building an AO system with dual wavefront sensing techniques. The heart of the system is a novel optically addressed MEMS-on-VLSI spatial phase light modulator that also performs a key part of the wavefront phase computation. The two wavefront sensors serve as complementary backups and provide accurate wavefront correction data over a variety of conditions. One of the wavefront sensors uses a Hartmann-Shack sensor, directly integrated with an on-chip analog wavefront processor and deformable mirror. The analog wavefront processor uses massively parallel on-chip computation and is expected to solve the wavefront difference equations in hundreds of nanoseconds. The second wavefront system is based on dithered optimization of the image sharpness function. This approach leverages the high pixel refresh rates (>160 kHz) of the DM, and systematically arrives at an optimal solution. Combined with Optron's large-stroke MEMS deformable mirror technology, this AO system will be capable of 8�m of phase modulation (16�m in reflection), have greater than 8-bits of phase resolution, and potentially tens of thousands of pixels.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Steve Johnson AF 05-004 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Laser Vibrometry System for Space Situational Awareness
Abstract:	CTI proposes to develop a ground-based coherent laser radar for satellite vibration measurements. This system will be designed to make measurements of surface vibrations of satellites in orbits of up to 1000 km altitude. The vibration measurements will yield velocity power spectral densities up to 1 kHz. The proposed system will also be designed to work with existing telescope and satellite tracking facilities. The proposed Phase I research will include accurate modeling of the velocity estimate noise sources in the vibrometer. Key noise sources include local oscillator laser shot noise, local oscillator frequency instability, atmospheric refractive turbulence, and speckle noise due to relative motion between the sensor and the target. In the analysis, dominant noise sources will be identified and techniques for mitigation of these noise sources will be studied. Possible methods of noise mitigation include improved laser frequency stability and a variety of diversity techniques for mitigating speckle noise. The proposed Phase I research will conclude with a preliminary design of a Phase II sensor meeting the requirements established in Phase I.

HAYES INDUSTRIES, INC. 551 Morse Ave Placentia, CA 92870
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 528-5275 Dr. C. L. Hayes AF 05-004 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Laser Vibrometry System for Space Situational Awareness
Abstract:	Laser vibrometry systems have been fabricated, tested and used to collect data in tactical scenarios to interrogate, classify and identify targets of interest. Airborne, ground and ship-based platforms have been evaluated in field tests over relatively short ranges(< 20 Km) to verify operability of the systems. The extension of this technology to long-range scenarios (satellite observation) requires a re-evaluation of the influence of those factors unique to long-range operation (atmospheric effects, site location, source coherency, transmitter power, macroDoppler frequency ranges, large scale optics,---). The Phase 1 program addresses the relevant factors applicable to long range operation and defines those modifications of existing hardware (software) needed to mechanize the system. Laboratory tests will be conducted using legacy hardware to confirm operability using realistic ground-based (stationary) targets.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz AF 05-004 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Phase Conjugate Micromotion Detection-Based Interferometric Vibrometer
Abstract:	The U.S. Air Force is seeking a laser vibrometry system for monitoring the health of our satellites, and monitoring and recognizing foreign satellites. To address the Air Force need for a high-resolution, long-distance vibrometer, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Phase Conjugate Micromotion Detection (PCMD)-based Interferometric Vibrometer (PIV). The PIV consists of a laser to illuminate the target, a telescope to receive reflected light from the target, and a PCMD interferometer to measure vibrations. The return signal is Doppler-shifted due to satellite motion. This shift is amplified using PCMD technology, which reduces the required reflected signal by a factor of >1000. The PIV will measure vibrations with amplitudes as small as 5 nm and vibration velocities as low as 20 nm/s, exhibiting a sensitivity of a factor of 500 more than current systems, at a distance of >2000 km, which is an improvement of a factor of 8 over the state of the art. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of PIV through computer modeling and testing of a proof-of-principle prototype. In Phase II POC will develop an engineering prototype to measure vibration through testing at Air Force test sites.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 308 Jackson St., Suite 2 Oakland, CA 94607
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 923-0291 Dr. Mike McFarland AF 05-005 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Refractory Coatings on Mechanically Resilient Insulators
Abstract:	The purpose of this proposal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using ceramic coatings on plastic high-voltage insulators to increase their surface breakdown voltage and improve their recovery after a breakdown event. The goal is to produce a coating that can be applied to high-power microwave tube, coaxial plasma gun and z-pinch insulators that will allow higher voltage operation, reduce flashover events, and minimize the effects due to flashover, thereby reducing operating costs and increasing uptime.

ELTRON RESEARCH, INC. 4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-0263 Ms. Sara L. Rolfe AF 05-005 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Refractory Paint for High Voltage Insulators
Abstract:	This Phase I program will result in a tough refractory paint that adheres to a variety of plastic insulators with complex shapes creating a strong, adherent, refractory coating with optimal surface roughness. The proposed program targets the properties of the vacuum-insulator interface for high voltage applications and has commercial applications in a wide range of electronic and electrical devices and systems including High Power Microwave tubes and high-energy particle accelerators. Plastic insulators with a thin layer of refractory paint will have increased surface flashover voltage and improved strength in high voltage applications. The refractory paint developed within this Phase I opportunity will be easily sprayed onto the surface, cured at a low temperature, and adherent to a wide variety of insulating plastics. The surface roughness of the insulator will be optimized by the inherent roughness of the paint. The vacuum outgassing characteristics and durability of the paint during plasma gun discharges will be identified. Since the refractory paint developed in this Phase I program will be sprayed using commercially available paint sprayers to form uniform films, complex shapes will easily be coated.

NEI CORP. Suite 102/103, 201 Circle Drive Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 868-1906 Dr. Mohit Jain AF 05-005 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	A new class of ceramic coatings on plastic insulators
Abstract:	Refractory coated polymers are a superior alternative to uncoated polymers or pure ceramic insulators, as they provide the flexibility of polymers and the superior properties of ceramic as insulators. The proposed program aims to develop a technology which will address the problems associated with currently available refractory coated ceramics. Building upon our expertise with nanoparticle synthesis and processing, we propose to develop fully dense ceramic coatings with significantly high adherence to polymers compared to conventional coatings, which will make them suitable for use in high microwave tubes, particle beam accelerators, and other pulsed power applications. In Phase I, we will develop coating formulations, deposit coatings on polymer substrates, characterize the structure, and determine the peel strength and vacuum surface flashover. The properties will be benchmarked against currently available coatings. Additionally, commercialization and scale up plans will be developed during Phase I to be implemented in Phase II, so that the product can be manufactured and marketed in Phase III.

APPLIED PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS, L.C. PO Box 341149 Austin, TX 78734
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 264-1804 Dr. Jon R Mayes AF 05-006 Selected for Award
Title:	Tuneable Low Frequency Microwave Source
Abstract:	High voltage RF sources designed to deliver frequencies from 10's of MHz to 1 GHz can be excessively large systems due to the geometric dependence on the radiating wavelength and the high voltage insulation requirements. Past efforts have targeted specific frequencies with specific temporal signatures and typically require large overhead in ancillary devices. Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. offers a method for delivering frequency agile, high voltage RF with variability in the temporal signature. With a frequency range from less than 100 MHz to more than 500 MHz, and with antenna voltages in excess 600 kV, the proposed design offers frequency agility and variable signal damping in a very compact package and with minimal ancillary device requirements.

ASR CORP. 7817 Bursera, NW Albuquerque, NM 87120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 830-3000 Mr. Michael D. Abdalla AF 05-006 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Tuneable Low Frequency Microwave Source
Abstract:	The ASR Corporation has developed a novel pulse forming system based on a variable geometry Blumlein source. ASR Corporation proposes to design and fabricate a variant of this new pulse forming network to explore it's usefulness in fulfilling the requirements in SBIR topic number AF05-006. The novel Blumlein pulse forming system utilizes a demonstrated approach to obtaining tunability in a pulsed power system.

SPARKTRONICS, INC. 2300 Chelsea Road , PO Box 1151 Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 529-8649 Dr. Joseph Yampolsky AF 05-006 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Tuneable Low Frequency Microwave Source
Abstract:	Air Force systems such as Ultra Wide Band impulse radiators require advancement past the current state of the art in pulse power technology. Systems operating at several 100kV to MV at repetition rates of 500Hz to 2kHz have been large, complex, expensive and difficult to deploy as airborne systems. Present components are being pushed to their limits which results in issues of reliability and repeatability. We propose a different approach. We have developed a repetitive modular pulse power generator using innovative circuit topologies that allow present components to operate at higher performance levels. The system consists of a solid state pulsed charged multiple Blumlein generator using sparkgap switches combined with a variable pulse forming line and fast output switch. The system is designed to produce a damped sine waveform output that can be varied over the frequency range of 100MHz to 700MHz. The phase I proposal will demonstrate this device at >100kV and >1kHz repetition rate.

RF ENGINEERING 157 North Reamstown Road Stevens, PA 17578
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 336-6721 Dr. Ronald J. Focia AF 05-007 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Solid State Ultra-Wideband Microwave Source
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal outlines an effort that will advance the state of the art in high repetition rate solid state pulse generators. For this effort, we have assembled a team of key people with direct experience in high peak power solid state pulse generator design, measurement and characterization of fast transient waveforms, and semiconductor interconnection and packaging techniques. The main thrust of the effort involves assembling a very low inductance, high voltage and high peak power solid-state silicon diode stack from the chip level rather than modifying pre-packaged devices. The diode chips used to assemble the high voltage stacks will not be fabricated in this effort, but rather, will be purchased from a well known semiconductor supplier. The new diode switches developed in this effort will be combined with high repetition rate capacitor charging techniques and be used as closing switches in a novel solid-state Marx-like design to form an all solid state, high peak power, high repetition rate pulse generator. The resultant pulse generator will be an ideal candidate for use as an ultra-wideband radar source. A prototype pulse generator that will provide a peak voltage of >30 kV, a rise time of <1 ns, a pulse width of ~20 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of >1 kHz will be demonstrated in the Phase I effort.

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6326 Mr. Alan Petroff AF 05-007 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Solid State Ultra-Wideband Microwave Source
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to design a low cost pulser that can produce a 100kV pulse with a continuous repetition rate of 2kHz. The objective device will have the size, mass and reliability to be compatible with use in aircraft. In contrast, current pulsers tend to be bulky, expensive, have limited lifetimes, and require substantial cooling systems. Time Domain Corporation (TDC) intends to use Drift Step Recovery Diodes and Transistors, a novel semiconductor technology, to produce the required pulses. TDC will also investigate coherent addition of pulses and the use of Silicon Carbide for key components. Experience to date indicates the objective is feasible and can be accomplished by making a single large device or by coherently summing the outputs of smaller devices.

ACULIGHT CORP. 11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Dr. Dawn Meekhof AF 05-008 Awarded: 11MAY05
Title:	Optical fiber coupled infrared laser
Abstract:	Fiber coupled mid-infrared and infrared semiconductor lasers provide potential technology for proactive infrared countermeasures systems, potentially reducing life cycle costs for these tactical military systems compared to current lasers. Research will be conducted to explore the feasibility of developing low loss infrared transmitting chalcogenide glass fiber optics. The proposed work will also investigate the feasibility of fiber coupling moderate power infrared semiconductor lasers in military environments. The overall project will assess the practicality of developing a moderate power, fiber coupled, multiband infrared laser for use in military aircraft environments.

G A TYLER ASSOC., INC. 1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 772-7668 Dr. Terry J. Brennan AF 05-009 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Simulation of Extended Scene Imaging through Turbulence
Abstract:	The computational burden of simulating the process of imaging incoherently illuminated extended objects, through high turbulence, using conventional wave optics simulation techniques is very significant. This simulation capability is crucial for evaluating performance of such systems as the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). An innovative approach to this problem, that will significantly reduce the computational requirements, is proposed. The approach is based on a very fast technique for propagating point spread functions. A key feature of the approach is the capability of propagating in both directions, that is, imaging a target through turbulence and propagating a source back to the target which experiences the same turbulence as the imaging direction. This allows the simulation of closed loop laser projection systems. In spite of simplifications introduced to reduce computational requirements, the approach has the potential of a high level of imaging fidelity, even in severe turbulence.

LRK ASSOC. 18223 Indian Creek Drive Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 620-9977 Dr. Laurence Keefe AF 05-009 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Fast Algorithms for Imaging Simulation through Turbulence
Abstract:	Current techniques for simulating light propagation through atmospheric turbulence employ Fourier transform methods for calculation of diffraction effects. Although highly accurate, these methods are computationally burdensome, and substantially slow the task of computing extended scenes on a time-varying basis, as is required for closed-loop analysis of laser weapons systems' performance. In other areas of computational wave simulation (fluids and electromagnetics) Fourier techniques have been replaced by specialized finite-difference techniques which offer comparable accuracy for substantially reduced computational cost. Alternatively, these same diffraction effects seem amenable to local solution by integral techniques which would also provide a speed-up over use of Fourier methods. Potential speed-ups for the diffraction portion of the simulations range from 6 to over 150. Both alternative methods handle general boundary conditions much more gracefully than Fourier techniques. LRK Associates proposes to adapt both the finite-difference and integral techniques to the scene propagation problem, testing their accuracy and measuring their computational advantages on some simple test problems. This will lead to recommendations on which techniques are the best candidates for implementation in the Phase II to replace Fourier transform techniques for this optical simulation application.

CRYSTAL RESEARCH, INC. 48501 Warm Springs Blvd., Suite 103 Fremont, CA 94539
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 445-0833 Dr. Suning Tang AF 05-010 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	A High-Speed Electro-Optic Phase Compensator for Aero-Optic Applications
Abstract:	Airborne lasers undergo extreme disturbances due to shock waves, turbulent shear layers, and regions of separated flow, caused by the aircraft motion. The net effect of rapidly-varying wavefront turbulence produces degraded beam quality and decreased laser energy-on-target. Unfortunately, progress in adaptive-optic correction has been essentially non-existent because that the required spatial and temporal frequencies are at least an order of magnitude greater than those presently correctable by adaptive-optic systems for the atmospheric-propagation case. In this SBIR program, Crystal Research, Inc. (CRI) proposes to develop a high-speed electro-optic phase compensator for aero-optic aberration corrections. The proposed device is based on high-speed two-dimensional electro-optic phase modulation in a novel crystal that has an electro-optic coefficient 20 times larger than that of conventional electro-optic crystals such as LiNbO3. The proposed electro-optic adaptive system is capable of performing high bandwidth (>100 kHz) wavefront sensing and distortion correction without using any mechanical moving part. In Phase I, we will fully exploit the advantages and feasibility of the proposed concept by designing and fabricating a 2-D EO phase compensator in lieu of a completed adaptive optical system. In Phase II, we will develop and demonstrate a high-speed electro-optic phase compensator for high bandwidth aero-optic applications.

KESTREL CORP. 3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 345-2327 Dr. Leonard J. Otten AF 05-010 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Ultra High Speed Aero Optics Compensation
Abstract:	Over the last several years the Kestrel Corporation has been investigating the use of a phase diversity distorted grating wavefront sensor (DGWFS). This earlier research revealed several unexpected aspects of the technology as a technique that has the potential of generating extremely wide bandwidth error signals to control an adaptive optics compensation system while maintaining wide dynamic range, high sensitivity, and very high spatial sampling of the wavefront. These attributes make possible the introduction of adaptive optics compensation of aero optics aberrations. The new technology is based on the direct coupling of a DGWFS to control a deformable optical element. Using this approach avoids the requirement to reconstruct a wavefront to generate an error signal and makes possible extremely efficient non-iterative signal processing. The proposed Phase I SBIR will analytically determine the expected performance envelope for a direct control DGWFS system used to reduce aero optics aberrations. While the technology has direct application to airborne uses of directed energy weapons, there are also uses in improving airborne optical communications and adaptive optics compensation under battle field conditions. Uses in medical imaging have secured strong commercial interests.

STRATONICS, INC. 23151 Verdugo Drive, Suite 114 Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 461-7060 Dr. James E. Craig AF 05-010 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Aero-Optics Research & Development
Abstract:	Stratonics proposes to develop an aero-optics (AO) wind tunnel facility and the methods for evaluation of a range of advanced, high energy laser, compensation technology, required to improve mission effectiveness and greater missile self-defense coverage. The AO facility would provide for the development and evaluation of advanced aero-optical technology, such as, high bandwidth laser wavefront sensors, adaptive "mirrors", near-field laser beacons, and means to mitigate aero-optical turbulence. This AO evaluation capability does not currently exist in any large-scale, ground test facility, which must be suitable for aero-optics research (turbulence level, Reynolds and Mach number). Major wind tunnel facilities will be surveyed before selecting one suitable for conversion into a facility for AO research and development. This effort will provide for the development of novel turret, pod, fairing and cavity designs and means for active flow control to minimize flow field effects, including approaches that utilize electro-optical mechanical hardware, all optical, or hybrid concepts. The AO wind tunnel facility will prove indispensable to defense contractors and other professional's in universities and government laboratories in their efforts to develop advanced compensation technology, and to transition it to flight qualified HEL systems.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Mark R. Stevens AF 05-011 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Image Sequences to Image Pairs
Abstract:	Space situation awareness (SSA) requires the ability to monitor, identify, and catalog a wide variety of uncooperative space objects. To help improve Air Force SSA capabilities, we propose the Image Sequences to Image Pairs (ISIP) system. ISIP's input is a sequence of images from a telescope (or micro-satellite such as XSS-10/11) showing an uncooperative space object passing overhead. ISIP processes the sequence in real-time to select sets of stereo image pairs. Each pair is combined into a single anaglyph stereo image and also used for 3D stereo reconstruction. At the core of our system is a structure-from-motion algorithm that computes an estimate of the satellite's full six-degree of freedom pose, based on frame-to-frame changes in satellite appearance. This estimate is used to determine which two input images would make a good stereo pair. Note that as desirable byproducts, our technique recovers the 3D motion of the object (position, orientation, and angular velocity) and the 3D shape of the object. In Phase I, we will develop a fully functional ISIP software system in C++ and perform an evaluation using simulated sensor data of uncooperative space objects. Our Phase II effort will focus on tuning the system to space surveillance imagery and optimizing the system to increase accuracy and throughput.

STELLAR SCIENCE LTD.CO 401 Serenity Ct SE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 299-2686 Mr. Robert A. Radtke AF 05-011 Awarded: 08APR05
Title:	Algorithms for Stereo Image Creation from a Sequence of Two Dimensional Images
Abstract:	We propose to develop an algorithm capable of autonomously converting standard 2D space surveillance imagery sequences into 3D stereo movies. We will extend and integrate our existing algorithms, which have already been demonstrated to handle space surveillance data, to build a system that requires no sensor or hardware upgrades. The key to automating the solution is to determine the pose of the imaged object from one frame to the next. We will use existing feature-based shape-from-motion code to solve for this unknown, and then use that information to select stereo image pairs whose displacements are compatible with binocular human vision. Because of the low frame rates of existing space surveillance sensors, we realize that many data collections may not contain suitable stereo pairs. To handle such situations we propose a novel technique to generate intermediate frames based on 3D information extracted from the image sequence. The goal is to produce a high-quality 3D stereo movie at video frame rate, even from even relatively sparse image data. For Phase I we will deliver a working prototype system stable enough for Air Force use on research and special analyses missions.

CROSSFIELD TECHNOLOGY LLC 4505 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 360 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 795-0221 Dr. Gary McMillian AF 05-012 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Compact Ultra-Wideband Target Identification System
Abstract:	Crossfield proposes a high dynamic range, ultra-wideband, receiver-digitizer that will enable implementation of a compact UWB target identification system for the detection and location of targets and weapons concealed behind walls or foliage or hidden on a person. The design features an ultra-wide bandwidth, high dynamic range sampler developed by Picosecond Pulse Labs, followed by a track-and-hold amplifier (THA) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The digitized waveforms are captured in a high-speed memory for analysis and display. Crossfield will investigate two approaches to ultra-high-speed sampling: real-time sampling using parallel samplers, THAs and ADCs, and equivalent-time sampling using a single sampler, THA and ADC with precision timing offsets between waveform digitization cycles. At high pulse repetition rates, the later approach will provide high spatial resolution at a much lower cost, lower power and in a more compact size.

Q-DOT, INC. 1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 590-1112 Mr. Thomas E. Linnenbrink AF 05-012 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Ultra-Compact UWB Transient Receiver/Digitizer (9693)
Abstract:	Q-DOT proposes to develop an Ultra-Compact (1-2 chip) UWB Transient Receiver/Digitizer to enable the practical military application of UWB for identifying targets behind walls or in foliage. To date, UWB target identification system (TIS) deployment has been severely impeded by the rack-mounted, laboratory equipment required for the receiver/digitizer function. The proposed Receiver/Digitizer will enable numerous UWB TIS equipment for a variety of ground-based and airborne operations, specifically including a handheld UWB TIS. The Receiver/Digitizer will be realized in IBM's 8HP SiGe BiCMOS process via DoD's ITAR-compliant Trusted Foundry Agreement (TFA). During Phase I, the Receiver/Digitizer will be configured to meet mission requirements. Critical elements will be conceptually designed to project their performance. A prototype Receiver/Digitizer will be developed in Phase II prior to developing a handheld UWB TIS in Phase III.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Christopher M. Gittins AF 05-014 Awarded: 11MAY05
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Exploitation of Space-Based Imagery
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. and its subcontractor, SAIC-Boulder, propose to implement and evaluate two novel pattern recognition methods to mitigate cluster noise and enhance the contrast between targets and backgrounds in an automatic target recognition (ATR) applications. The proposed methods are relevant to subpixel target detection using hyperspectral data and are compatible with real-time implementation on airborne and spaceborne operating platforms. Our approach is to integrate a statistically-robust blind source separation algorithm for spectral signature recognition with a Bayesian Evidential Reasoning framework to enable context-based false alarm mitigation. The Bayes net will be used to reduce false rate by evaluating the spectral characteristics of the region surrounding the potential target detect. The proposed spectral pattern recognition approach is robust with respect to the form of clutter noise in the data, i.e., non-Gaussian noise statistics, and will enable modeling of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for any user-specified clutter noise distribution. The Phase I program will involve benchmark testing of the proposed methods using real and synthetic data sets and will enable recommendation of an ATR approach to be implemented in hardware in Phase II.

SPACE COMPUTER CORP. 12121 Wilshire Boulevard , Suite 910 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 481-6000 Dr. Scott G Beaven AF 05-014 Awarded: 21APR05
Title:	Advanced HSI Change Detection Algorithms for Exploitation of Space-Based Imagery
Abstract:	This proposed effort will capitalize on recent advancements in hyperspectral imagery- (HSI-) based real-time registration and spectral change detection processing to enhance our capability to detect, identify and track objects from space-based imagery and high-altitude surveillance imagery. Existing approaches based solely on spatial, temporal or spectral information fall short of demanding DoD needs because of several limiting factors. Primary among these is the complexity of the clutter environment viewed by down-looking spaceborne instruments. This is compounded by the limitation on optical instruments for simultaneously obtaining high-resolution temporal, spatial, and spectral information. We propose to incorporate target spectral signature information into multi-look change detection and tracking algorithms to significantly enhance capabilities of multi-spectral and hyperspectral systems to provide high-performance target detection, identification and tracking.

COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC. 2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 664-0394 Dr. Marc R. Schultz AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	TEMBOr Bi-Morphing, Controllable Composite Laminates for SBR Applications
Abstract:	The proposed program will develop and demonstrate an innovative concept for achieving bi-morphing shape control in composite panels and structural elements, through the use of TEMBOr BiPolymericT actuator technology. The concept represents a novel adaptation of Elastic Memory Composite technology to the challenging application of shape control of lightweight composite structures.

MMICMAN, LLC 826 N. Red Robin St. Orange, CA 92869
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 980-3039 Mr. Rick Sturdivant AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Electronically Scanned Array (ESA) Antenna Transmit/Receive Module
Abstract:	Space based radar and T/R module performance goals require very light weight T/R modules. The radar may be folded out to form large arrays. Aggressive packaging techniques must be used to achieve a radar that is light weight. In fact the solution to the light weight space based radar is a microwave packaging challenge. MMICMAN proposes to prove the feasibility of achieving 2kg/m2 using innovative methods.

STARSYS RESEARCH 4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-1925 Mr. Jeff Harvey AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Development of a Self deploying Articulated Spacecraft Boom
Abstract:	The ability of space borne systems to gather information can be enhanced by separating instruments from the spacecraft or by increasing antenna apertures to many times the size of the spacecraft. These deployments are often accomplished by using deployable booms as both deployment linear actuators and deployed structure. In many cases the ability to deploy structures that are extremely stable thermally and structurally is a requirement. There are several variations of deployable booms for systems that require precise thermal stability, articulated trusses are unequalled because they can use low coefficient of thermal expansion materials and provide the requisite stiffness. Articulated booms require a motor and deployment mechanism to form the boom once on orbit. The state of the art deployment mechanisms, used in articulated booms are large, massive and complex, requiring power from the host spacecraft to deploy. Starsys research is developing a new type of self deploying articulated spacecraft boom that does not require a conventional deployment mechanism therefore exhibiting lower volume, lower mass, lower parts count, lower cost and has enhanced capabilities over existing deployment mechanism and boom technologies.

STARSYS RESEARCH 4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-1925 Mr. Jeff Harvey AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Jack Screw Deployed Articulated Boom
Abstract:	The ability of space borne systems to gather information can be enhanced by separating instruments from the spacecraft or by increasing antenna apertures to many times the size of the spacecraft. These deployments are often accomplished by using deployable booms as both deployment linear actuators and deployed structure. In many cases the ability to deploy structures that are extremely stable thermally and structurally is a requirement. There are several variations of deployable booms for systems that require precise thermal stability, articulated trusses are unequalled because they can use low coefficient of thermal expansion materials and provide the requisite stiffness. Articulated booms require a motor and deployment mechanism to form the boom once on orbit. The state of the art deployment mechanisms, used in articulated booms are large, massive and complex, requiring power from the host spacecraft to deploy. Starsys research is developing a new type of articulated spacecraft boom with a revolutionary deployment mechanism that exhibits lower volume, lower mass, lower parts count, lower cost and has enhanced capabilities over existing deployment mechanism and boom technologies.

STARSYS RESEARCH 4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-1925 Mr. Jeff Harvey AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Development of Analysis Tools for a Jack Screw Deployed Articulated Spacecraft Boom
Abstract:	Deployable booms are critical in enhancing the ability of space borne systems to gather information by separating instruments from the spacecraft or by increasing antenna apertures to many times the size of the spacecraft. Examples of currently envisioned missions exist in both the commercial and military worlds. Deployable booms act as both deployment linear actuators to form the structure and, once fully extended form the deployed structure. In most cases spacecraft booms are designed and analyzed on a "one off" basis, that is, slow and inefficient. Access to space in a rapid manner would be enabled by developing analysis and design packages for booms to reduce the design and analysis cycle. Starsys Research is developing a new generation of articulated boom assemblies for space craft. The design and analysis time, as well as the accuracy of the results of the effort would be improved significantly by creating and validating tools for this sizing process.

TIALINX, INC. 8 Halley Irvine, CA 92612
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 285-6255 Dr. FRED MOHAMADI AF 05-015 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Electronically Scanned Array (ESA) Antenna Transmit/Receive Module
Abstract:	Space-based radar (SBR) and mobile surveillance systems require effective integration of phased-array antenna modules for beamforming. This proposal in response to the SBIR phase I solicitation addresses reduction of components by combining desired performance features and integrates them on a Si-based wafer. Additionally, wafer scale antenna module (WSAM) includes integration of large number of antenna elements on the same substrate. Wafer scale integration objectives have been addressed by focusing on incorporation of interconnects and radio frequency active components, direct current, and control signals for an optimum power dissipation. The proposal predicts a 40X weight reduction and better than 37X volume reduction for beamforming module, while operating without a cooling system. Furthermore, integration of the antenna array with fully integrated electronics on a Silicon wafer enables removing connectors that cause serious insertion losses, hence, improving the signal-to-noise for more efficient transmission and less required sensitivity for signal receiver.

LINQUEST CORP. 6701 Center Drive West, Suite 425 Los Angeles, CA 90292
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 410-2411 Mr. Aaron Tu AF 05-017 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Field Programmable Gate Array Based Channelizer
Abstract:	Transformational Communications require the development of a reconfigurable low power radiation hardened channelizer capable of scaling up to support 25 20 MHz narrowband and wideband channels. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology is ideal for rapid development of customizable circuit. Xilinx and Actel are the only vendors with radiation hardened FPGA having over a million usable gates count. Xilinx FPGA is based on SRAM technology which requires Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) to eliminate Single Event Upset (SEU) while Actel FPGA is based on anti-fuse technology with triplicated gates. LinQuest is proposing to use Xilinx QPRO-R FPGA to satisfy Transformational Communications Channelizer requirement. This proposal will also review various channelizer architectures and implementations approaches. The final architecture will be simulated in C/C++, MatLab, and Verilog/VHDL. The channelizer design will be synthesized and routed for the purpose of accessing resource utilization, power consumption, and maximum clock speed. The final analysis will be Phase I deliverable. LinQuest is an employee-owned small business with exceptionally strong qualifications in the Military & Commercial Satellite Communication Systems, Engineering and Technical Assistance (SETA) arena. LinQuest has over 20 years of experience development state-of-the-art end-to-end simulation platforms (MEESE) providing SETA support for Milstar, AEHF, and now Transformational Communications (TSAT). Over the years, LinQuest has developed a library of channelization capabilities including channel coding, modulation, fading, jamming, and nuller functionalities. LinQuest's engineers hold advance degrees and have extensive experience in flight hardware design including AEHF transponder and channelizer. Thus, LinQuest is uniquely qualified to support the development of Transformation Communications Channelizer.

THE ATHENA GROUP, INC. 3424 N.W. 31st Street Gainesville, FL 32605
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(352) 371-2567 Mr. Michael P. Lewis AF 05-017 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Field Programmable Gate Array Based Channelizer
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project, called the Athena Channelizer Technology 1, or ACT1, involves the innovation and evaluation of a new channelizer technology that will meet the needs of Department of Defense Transformational Communications program. Transformational communications is part of the military's overhaul of its currently diffused communications assets into an integrated system that expands military communications capabilities by an order of magnitude (10x). A critical enabling technology is a new class of 300 Mbps channelizers capable of assembling information channels by adaptively combining subbands found within a broadband spectrum, and also capable of efficiently operating in hostile environments using radiation hardened FPGA components. The proposed ACT1 solution is based on fusing a number of Athena authored and demonstrated innovations in the area of multi-band channelizers design, signal processing, design implementation, and fault tolerance. In Phase I, the proposed ACT1 solution will be developed and analyzed. When complete, ACT1 will provide the Transformational Communications Office with an infrastructure technology capable of adaptively maintaining acceptable bit-error-rates (BER), signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), and other signal quality metrics required to ensure the reliable delivery of information under a variety of satellite-borne conditions and circumstances.

AMERICAN SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. 3100 S. Vista Ave., Suite 230 Boise, ID 83705
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 336-2773 Mr. Kelly DeGregorio AF 05-018 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Advanced Commercially Available Inherently Radhard Primitive Cell Designs.
Abstract:	The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Military Satellite Communication (MILSATCOM), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have a current and future need for advanced commercially available inherently radhard primitive cell libraries to support new designs for satellites and other spacecraft. American Semiconductor Inc. proposes the use of double gated Flexfet technology for primitive cells. This can enable next generation spacecraft for operations and missions with high density, low power, and high speed radhard components. Moreover these primitive cells endow spacecraft designers with the ability to increase spacecraft performance over current designs without having to use large chip area or redundancy and still have low power and high speed reconfigurable performance. This SBIR Phase I proposal will result in primitive cells in scaleable, sub-lithographic, low power, low cost, and inherently radhard Flexfet CMOS. These primitive cells have commercially viability and will be of significant commercial interest to industry.

SILICON SPACE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 3620 Lost Creek Boulevard Austin, TX 78735
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 891-9702 Wesley H. Morris AF 05-018 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Radiation-Hardened By Design Techniques for Total Dose and Single Event Upset
Abstract:	Silicon Space Technology and team member ATK Mission Research, in collaboration with Jazz Semiconductor, propose to develop and demonstrate a very deep submicron cell library and design system for radiation hardened ASICs and standard products. Specifically, we will develop a scaleable 180 nm, hardened-by-design (HBD) cell library to support the radiation-hardening of ASICs fabricated in commercial silicon foundries. The performance and radiation hardness will be demonstrated in Phase I by extensive modeling and simulation of the process. Our team has extensive expertise in commercial process integration, device development in leading-edge commercial technology, device development in traditional HBD, and radiation-hardening techniques using HBP and HBD technology. This critical combination is the key to successful implementation of the radiation-hardened process modules. Silicon Space Technology's proprietary HBI approach, combined with leading-edge silicon foundry manufacturing and an industry leading HBD innovator, should realize significant performance and manufacturing advantages over existing RHIC producers, while reducing component cost and time-to-market. The emergence of such products from leading-edge CMOS foundries should achieve the previously unattainable goal of deploying the latest electronics while minimizing the risk of mission failure due to space radiation.

ADVANCED SCIENCE & NOVEL TECHNOLOGY 27 Via Porto Grande Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 377-6029 Dr. Vladimir Katzman AF 05-019 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Low Power Ultra-Fast Analog-to-Digital Converter with Integrated DSP
Abstract:	The front end digital processing of a communications satellite/warfighter typically consists of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) followed by a demodulator and Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The integration of both functions in an ADC/DSP monolithic Integrated Circuit (ADIC) is an effective way to overcome the difficulties associated with propagation delays and transmission line effects in the required high-speed parallel interconnects between the ADC and the DSP application specific integrated circuits. In order to satisfy the described need, our company in cooperation with the Georgia Tech University team under management of Byers Professor John Cressler proposes to develop a novel ADIC architecture based on a proprietary, extremely low power, 2.5 Gs/s ADC block, which will be implemented in one of the most advanced modern SiGe technologies. ADIC architectures with either an analog demultiplexing scheme based on a proprietary dual-bridge sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA), or a high-speed SHA and a signal splitter will be evaluated in order to select the best design approach.. The required reduction of supply voltage and power consumption will be achieved at the basic cell hierarchical level through application of the fully differential bipolar-based current-mode logic or MOS-based source-coupled logic with ADSANTEC's proprietary voltage referencing scheme.

CSWITCH CORP. 3101 Jay St , Suite #110 Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 986-1964 Mr. Narbeh Derhacobian AF 05-020 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Chalcogenide Based Field Programmable Gate Array
Abstract:	Cswitch is planning to investigate the implementation of non volatile chalcogenide material as a replacement to the 10-50Mbits of SRAM used to configure the FPGA LUTs and switches. The Cswitch FPGA will as a result eliminate the triple redundancy required in RAD Tolerant FPGAs used for military and space applications. Cswitch's core technology team has spent roughly 9 months researching FPGAs and memory technologies.

RESONANT MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 2900 Lakeridge Drive Los Angeles, CA 90068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 634-2741 Dr. Shui-Lin Chao AF 05-021 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	MEMS Components for Phased Array Applications
Abstract:	High bandwidth free space communication links are critical for next generation DoD systems, including low-loss phased shifters for a MEMS-based ESA and mirror arrays for turbulence compensation. For the proposed SBIR project, Resonant Microsystems will model and simulate free space links and design a K-band MEMS phase shifter.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Ms. Shannon M. Petzold AF 05-021 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Micro-Electrical Mechanical Systems Based Electronically Steerable Antenna
Abstract:	The use of multiple beams and frequencies make phased arrays desirable elements in modern communication systems. Phased arrays enable area scanning with much greater detail and speed than traditional antenna systems. High insertion-loss phase shifters in the array currently create the need for expensive hardware to compensate for poor phase shifter performance. MEMS switches have features that make them an ideal candidate as a device technology for high-performance phase shifters. The offer very low insertion loss, small physical size, and demonstrate proven results for high performance phase shifters. The insertion loss of the phase shifter will be improved by an innovative approach which eliminates the longest true time delay bit in a multi-bit system. Toyon Research Corporation and Rockwell Scientific Company have outlined a comprehensive Phase I project for the design of a low-loss, reliable, MEMS multi-bit phase shifter, including the design and simulation of a complete multi-bit phase shifter and the development of a production plan for the completed system. The final application of the completed phase shifter is for use in an antenna phased array system which Toyon will focus on during the Phase II effort. A cost analysis will be performed for transitioning the phase shifter to commercial production.

HYBRID PLASTICS 55 WL Runnels Ind. Dr. Hattiesburg, MS 39401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(601) 544-3466 Dr. Joseph D. Lichtenhan AF 05-022 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Radiation-Resistant Nanoscopically Enhanced Solar Cell Coverglass
Abstract:	Hybrid Plastics proposes to develop a low cost, and versatile method for shielding commercial and military solar cells from damage against proton and electron radiation. The technical approach utilizes metallized nanoscopic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as conformal coatings on coverglass and on solar cell surfaces. Such coatings would permit spacecraft designers to increase duty cycles while operating in half-geo orbits. Also, POSS coatings may provide a means to shield flexible solar cells against space radiation, a task that conventional cover glass cannot do. Hybrid Plastics also proposes to perform fundamental proton and electron testing of coatings coverglass and cells to determine their shielding effectiveness.

ION BEAM OPTICS, INC. 2060 E. Ave de Los Arboles #D243 Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 493-1631 Mr. Michael Fulton AF 05-022 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Radiation-Resistant Solar Cell Coverglass
Abstract:	Solar cell coverglass coatings are subject to darkening under the Half-GEO radiation environment, and require increased radiation resistance. Premature power loss reduces satellite life below the required 15 year EOL goal and impacts the expense of satellite operation. We propose to apply advanced high-energy deposition technology to produce optical coatings for the cover glasses that exhibit high radiation resistance due to their superior micro-structural properties. These properties include bulk-like packing density, lower defect density, better optical homogeneity, and uniform morphology. We shall evaluate three of these deposition technologies in parallel, and after evaluating the results recommend one for production development. The research team brings nearly 70 years of experience in coating technology innovation and production development, with relevant experience in solar cell cover coating deposition, problem analysis, and solution development. The results will be applicable to all applications and requirements; military and commercial regardless of orbit, and could be marketed to the international solar cell panel industry.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Keith Jamison AF 05-022 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Radiation Hard Amorphous Nitride Based Solar Cell Coverglass Anti-reflective Coatings
Abstract:	Solar cells are typically protected from the environment by a coverglass that has good light transmission properties in the response region of the solar cell. Newer generations of multilayer solar cells are extending the response region from the UV into the infrared portion of the spectrum to increase the efficiency of the solar cells. This is critically important for space based solar cells where the electrical output per unit weight is paramount. Unfortunately, solar cell coverglass materials have not kept up with the improvements in solar cell spectral range. It is difficult to fabricate the anti-reflective coatings and index matching layers to be efficient over the wider wavelength region of the newer solar cells. In addition for satellite power, the high radiation environments common at certain earth orbits cause the solar cell coverglass to lose transmittance (darken) through the formation of color centers in the glass or oxide materials. In this program Nanohmics proposes to examine the use of amorphous wide-bandgap nitride coatings to improve the performance radiation-resistant solar cell coverglass material. The amorphous nitrides will be used as an anti-reflective and index matching interface layer for the solar cells with the intent of increasing their spectral absorption and efficiency.

AONEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 129 North Hill, Suite #108 Pasadena, CA 91106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 583-9101 Mr. James Zahler AF 05-023 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	A New Class Of High Efficiency, High Specific Power, Multi-junction Photovoltaic Cells Using Wafer Bonding And Layer Transfer
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a process for producing ultra-high conversion efficiency (37-41%) AM0 multijunction solar cells from dislocation-free non-lattice matched heterostructures using a proprietary wafer bonding / layer transfer process. The overall cell fabrication process will yield a two terminal, series-connected four junction InGaP/GaAs/InGaAsP/InGaAs/InP/Si solar cell. Specifically, as a proof of principle, we will transfer of Ge layers < 500 nm thick and 50 mm in diameter onto Si substrates, and then use the resulting Ge/Si substrates as epitaxial growth templates for high bandgap InGaP/GaAs tandem cells. We will also transfer < 500 nm thick InP layers and 50 mm diameter onto Si substrates and use the InP/Si substrates as epitaxial growth templates for low bandgap InGaAsP/InGaAs tandem cells. Device active region structure will be characterized via electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and minority carrier lifetime will be characterized via time-resolved photoluminescence. The dark and AM0-illuminated current-voltage characteristics of an InGaP/GaAs dual junction cell on Ge/Si templates will be determined. The results obtained will be used to estimate the overall four junction cell efficiency potential and guide development of a commercial prototype four junction cell process in Phase II.

EPIWORKS, INC. 1606 Rion Drive Champaign, IL 61822
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 373-1590 Dr. Brian McDermott AF 05-023 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Next-Generation 30-45% Efficient Multi-Junction Solar Cell
Abstract:	We will demonstrate novel, Si-based technology for ultra-lightweight, high-efficiency, triple junction solar cells. Next-generation satellites require increased payload mass and power budget capabilities. Ultra lightweight, 40% efficient solar cells employing Silicon substrates will reduce array size and solar cell payload mass while still enabling power level scale-up. Our advanced, next generation design will enable extremely high efficiency by using materials with ideal band gaps for efficient solar cells. By employing Si substrates (> 2x lower density than Ge), solar cell payload mass will be reduced by more than two times over current Ge-based technology. Current state-of-the art solar cell technology employs tandem Ge/GaAs/InGaP junctions on Ge substrates. This approach has shown promise for 40% converstion efficiency by employing 1.0 eV InGaAsN material as an intermediate cell between Ge and GaAs. However, InGaAsN has shown fundamental limitations due to the presence of deep level traps. A new alternative Si-based approach could result in similar 40% efficiencies in addition to substantially lower weight and cost. Silicon has a 1.1 eV bandgap, significantly lower cost and weight than Ge, and provides superior mechanical stability and radiation hardness.

STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES Suite 103, 201 Circle Drive Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 302-9274 Dr. Catherine E. Rice AF 05-023 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	High Efficiency InGaN Solar Cells
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR program will demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating high efficiency solar cells based on InGaN photovoltaic devices using MBE for material parameter optimization and MOCVD for manufacturability. Recent results demonstrating that InN has a much narrower bandgap than previously believed open the door to fabrication of photovoltaic devices responsive from the near infrared through UV ranges. Thus, unprecedented efficiencies should be possible. Currently, Structured Materials Industries (SMI) and Cornell University are conducting a Phase I STTR in InGaN solar cell development. In this program we have identified that crucial developments in InN and In-rich InGaN are the key to realizing the potential of InGaN full spectrum solar cells. Specifically, (1) the achievement of thick (>2 m), adherent InN layers; (2) p-type doping in InN; and (3) understanding and control of surface carriers. In this program we propose to focus on and solve these important material issues. In Phase I, together with Dr. William Schaff of Cornell University, a pioneer in InN and InGaN technology, SMI will deposit InN and In-rich InGaN films and evaluate deposition and post-processing parameters enabling these material goals. Fabrication and demonstration of prototype devices and process scale-up will take place in Phase II.

ORORA DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 17371 NE 67th Court, Suite 205 Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 702-9196 Dr. Monte Mar AF 05-024 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Design-Hardened Analog/Mixed-Signal Electronics
Abstract:	• Orora Design Technologies, teamed up with ATK Mission Research, proposes to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a template-based synthesis approach to the design of high performance radiation hardened analog-to-digital converters with 100 MSPS sampling rates at 12-bit or greater resolution with 250 miliwatts or less power consumption. The output of this research is a parametric cell and architecture library that captures expert radiation-hardening design techniques and can be adapted to different design performance requirements and fabrication processes, along with the computer-aided design toolset that enables such template-based automated radiation hardened synthesis in a mainstream EDA design environment that can be used by satellite electronics designers. The technical novelty of this research consists of (a) joint optimization of architectures, processes, and circuits for varying applications and radiation hardenness, (b) adaptive design templates, and (c) hierarchical radiation-aware parametric behavioral modeling.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Dr. Peter J. Shea AF 05-025 Awarded: 18APR05
Title:	Adaptive Tasking of Radar and Optical Sensors
Abstract:	Today's battlefield environment contains large number of sensors onboard multiple platforms. This set of sensors types includes SAR, EO/IR, GMTI, AMTI, HSI, MSI, and video and for each sensor type there may be multiple modalities. In an attempt to maximize sensor performance, today's sensors employ either very simplistic tasking approaches or require an operator to manually change sensor tasking operations. As such, the sensors become less effective as the sensing environments deviates from the assumed conditions. In order to improve the overall system capability, this effort examines a genetic algorithm approach to solving the adaptive sensor tasking problem. The genetic algorithm approach is a method for intelligently searching a large solution space with the added benefit that it is highly parallelizable and easily incorporates prior solution information. This Phase I effort will develop an objective function that accurately models the adaptive sensor tasking problem, develop a genetic algorithm solution for this problem, and provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of this capability.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Wenjian Wang AF 05-025 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Adaptive Sensor Tasking for Missile Defense
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for adaptive tasking of RF and EO sensors based on background clutter and signal detection limitations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Controllable Robust Integrated Management Sensing Optimal Network (CRIMSON) system. CRIMSON is based on constrained optimization, dynamic resource/QoS performance management, and a controllable Petri net. The CRIMSON system will dynamically allocate resources to multiple networked sensors, with self-configuration to optimize performance of target sensing, detection, recognition, and tracking for missile defense. The CRIMSON system can configure itself and the onboard sensor assets to optimal operational status for available power, sensors, environments, mission objectives, and targets of interest. Even when faced with threats and environments outside the design optimization space, the CRIMSON system can ensure functionality (surveillance, detection, tracking, and discrimination) of the sensor platform. In Phase I POC will design the CRIMSON system, analyze its theoretical performance limits, and demonstrate its feasibility by simulation. In Phase II POC will optimize the CRIMSON system architecture and adapt it to an ACTD program such as the Multi-sensor Aerospace-Ground Joint ISR Interoperability Coalition (MAJIIC), demonstrating its strategic advantages for adaptive tasking.

SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1601 N Sepulveda Blvd, PMB 501 Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 455-0665 Dr. Keith Norsworthy AF 05-026 Awarded: 22APR05
Title:	Electro-Optical (EO) Signal Processing for Detection and Classification of Cruise Missiles
Abstract:	This program evaluates the feasibility of a spaced-based infrared sensor for detecting, tracking, and spectrally classifying cruise missiles that fly over a structured earth background. Recent advances in image processing technology, by SAGE and subcontractors Boeing and DRS, have shown improved suppression of (time varying) structured earth backgrounds, and a capability for multispectral characterization of detected targets. SAGE, and its team members Boeing and DRS, plan to review available SSGM and Air Force optical sensor databases (from previous airborne and space-based missions) and perform trade studies to define the most appropriate spectral bands for a space-based cruise missile detection sensor. Novel image processing algorithms that exploit spatial, temporal (hyper-spatial) and spectral features of the targets and background will be used to detect flying objects and classify them on the basis of spectral surface features and exhaust constituents. The planned space-based IR sensor design uses a fast-sampled large-mosaic infrared detector array in contact with a linear gradient spectral filter, both cryogenically cooled to minimize noise. Clutter suppression and target discrimination performance will be evaluated versus the number of spectral bands in the IR sensor (single color, 2-color, 3-color, or multi-color with up to 20 color bands).

SOLID STATE SCIENTIFIC CORP. 27-2 Wright Road Hollis, NH 03049
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 598-1194 Dr. James E. Murguia AF 05-026 Awarded: 04MAY05
Title:	CDP Cruise Missile Algoritms
Abstract:	The objective of this program is to develop algorithms for detecting and classifying cruise missiles observed from space platforms in support of future theater advance warning systems. The algorithms will be developed for hyperspectral sensor data with hyperspatial resolution (imaging with 2-5m spatial resolution). Detection of cruse missiles from space is distinct from most applications of hyperspectral imaging since the target of interest is moving. Further, in the context of hyperspatial imaging the target movement can be large relative to the spatial and temporal sampling. It follows that the architecture of the hyperspectral-hyperspatial sensor must be appropriate for detection and classification of moving targets. The algorithms developed will be specific to moving cruise missiles observed with a CD sensor positioned on a space platform. These algorithms are expected them to be similar to those SSSC has developed for shoulder-launched missiles and air-to-ground rockets.

SPACEDEV 13855 Stowe Drive Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 375-2079 Mr. Assi Friedman AF 05-027 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Small Launch Vehicles (SLV) Technologies
Abstract:	SpaceDev has made extensive use of commercial standards to achieve more responsive flexibility in its subsystems. SpaceDev would undertake an approach similar to an advanced microsat systems. It will utilize commercial communications busses (such as Ethernet and LVDS) and communications protocols such as TCPIP to interconnect the various subsystems. Instead of routing hundreds of wiring harnesses to various sensors, smart nodes would be utilized to instrument the vehicle and control actuators. In addition, programmable circuitry would be used to upload operational profiles without having to perform hardware denegation. SpaceDev's goal is to take advantages of its microsat approach to first increase the responsiveness of the launch vehicle and second to reduce the mass fraction of avionics. On a medium size launch vehicle, total mass of avionics could be as much as 500kg. If the mass of the avionics could be reduced by 30% roughly one more 150kg microsat could be launched on the same vehicle.

WICKMAN SPACECRAFT & PROPULSION CO. 3745A Studer Casper, WY 82604
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(307) 265-5895 Mr. John Wickman AF 05-027 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Small Launch Vehicles (SLV) Technologies
Abstract:	Difficulties in using foreign air bases and airspace is constraining the Air Force from striking high-value, time critical targets. The Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) and Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) that deploys weapons over the target within minutes after being launched from the United States can solve this. The SLV can also be used to launch satellites. Wickman Spacecraft & Propulsion Company is proposing a versatile and low cost SLV that will be air launched from Air Force cargo planes. It uses an innovative solid rocket motor with individually controlled nozzle throats providing real time controllable thrust and steering with a fixed nozzle. With an expansion-deflection exit cone, it has an optimum expansion ratio at all altitudes. The propellant is an environmentally friendly, low cost, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate propellant with a delivered specific impulse equal to ammonium perchlorate propellants. The solid rocket motors are "field" reloadable. Phase I determines the feasibility of this approach while Phase II demonstrates all the enabling technologies.

GENERAL SCIENCES, INC. 205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 723-8588 Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos AF 05-028 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Practical Ionospheric Enhancement Technology
Abstract:	The main objective of the proposed program is to develop highly exothermic compositions capable of generating temperatures up to 4,000K in order to achieve significant vaporization of certain metals, with boiling points in excess of 3,000K, which are capable of generating ionization in the presence of atomic oxygen. Laboratory studies are proposed to show proof-of-concept and derive vaporization yields for at least two such metals. Part of the laboratory study will include metal atom emission measurements, and canister design for 500g releases as well as potential atmospheric releases in the 10 kg size.

RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 329-3700 Mr. John F Kline AF 05-028 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	The Microwave Ionosphere Reconfiguration Ground-based Emitter (MIRAGE)
Abstract:	Research Support Instruments, Inc. (RSI) proposes to develop the Microwave Ionosphere Reconfiguration Ground-based Emitter (MIRAGE). MIRAGE will use a novel combination of an inexpensive, portable microwave transmitter array on the ground and a small chaff-carrying launch vehicle in the air. The goal will be the creation of artificial ionization, either below or within the ionosphere, for a variety of tactical purposes including reflection of signals for over-the-horizon radar or radio transmissions as well as jamming of satellite signals to the ground. The concept will utilize RSI's experience in atmospheric pressure microwave plasmas to produce a mobile solution to future Air Force challenges in radar and radio communications. Microwave power less than that required for breakdown will encounter metal chaff released by the small rocket, triggering formation of a microwave plasma. This plasma can be formed below the natural ionosphere to produce an artificial ionosphere, or modify the natural ionosphere. MIRAGE would fit in mobile trailers and be easily assembled in theater operations. In Phase I, RSI will demonstrate free-space microwave plasma breakdown using metal field enhancement at short range in the laboratory, and use the results to predict scaling and design a large-scale system for Phase II.

MS TECHNOLOGY 7922 Avenida Kirjah La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 558-6363 Dr. Saeid Ghamaty AF 05-029 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	New Sensing Capabilities for Space Situational Awareness
Abstract:	MS Technology (MST) proposes to develop a new type of low cost, low power, fast and small magnetometer that could attain a sensitivity of approximately 1 femto Tesla (10-15 T) per root hertz. Magnetometers with such sensitivity could easily be used for space situational awareness , and small target identification from rifles, to vehicles, or large targets such as planes, boats and submarines, on space, ground, air, or water. This new magnetometer could be in a small (~SO8, ~5x4x2mm3), low power instrument package operating at ambient temperature. Such sensitivity currently requires costly superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that needs expensive and cumbersome cryogenics to operate. In Phase I, MST will quantify the performance gains possible from this new magnetometer and its measurement of magnetic field and noise in operational contexts for space situational awareness. MST will develop system concepts, evaluate and benchmark performance, cost and compatibility for a complete magnetometer system. MST will explore all additional uses/value-added of the sensor option, and will specify hardware/software requirements and sources for a complete prototype system. MST will limit demonstration of selected sensors to provide proof of feasibility.

NDP OPTRONICS LLC 236 Saint Martins Dr SE Mableton, GA 30126
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 463-9623 Dr. S. G. Matsik AF 05-029 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	New Sensing Capabilities: GaN Based Dualband UV-IR Detectors
Abstract:	The proposed innovation is the development of a novel dual band detector responding in both the UV and IR regions, based on a GaN/AlGaN heterostructure. The IR response is based on HEterojunction Interfacial Workfunction Internal Photoemission (HEIWIP) detectors, which have been demonstrated using AlGaAs/GaAs structures. By also using interband transitions, response in the UV range can be incorporated into the device. A GaAs detector structure was shown to respond in both the NIR and FIR regions demonstrating the dual band capability. A material system change to GaN/AlGaN is expected to shift the NIR response into the UV range providing a UV-IR dual band detector. By varying the material compostion the spectral ranges can be tailored for the specific application. The initial detectors will operate in the 0.2 - 0.35 micron UV range and 8--14 micron IR range. The proposed detector would allow simultaneous imaging of both spectral ranges using a single detector array. This would provide a large advantage over current approaches which use separate detectors to image the two regions. By varying the Al fraction in the AlGaN, the detector can be easily extended to cover the range up to 40 microns.

NOVASPECTRA, INC. 777 Silver Spur Road, Suite 112 Rolling Hills Estate, CA 90274
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 408-3225 Dr. William S. Chan AF 05-029 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Mega-pixel, 16-micron FPA for Space Situational Awareness Surveillance
Abstract:	We propose to develop a mega-pixel, long wave infrared (LWIR, 8-16 micron) focal plane array (FPA) for space situational awareness surveillance, for which the high resolution detects closely-spaced objects in a large expanse of space. It consists of 1,900x1,400 pixels of micro-antennas each coupled to a micro interferometric sensing element capable of high sensitivity, high speed, high fillfactor and high uniformity when cooled to 40K for detecting faint objects against a cold space background. It can also operate at temperatures between 40-300K for higher background detection. The large antenna area maximizes the LWIR wave reception while the micro interferometric sensing small area minimizes the thermal mass and thermal conductance for high sensitivity. The entire FPA is highly producible by conventional CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) foundries for low-cost production. Phase I will analyze and design the FPA and layout, delineate the processes for fabrication and fabricate a simple structure to demonstrate its fabricability. Phase II will fabricate the FPA and integrate it with support optics and electronics for test.

PHOEBUS OPTOELECTRONICS LLC 15 West 72nd St, Apt. 5A New York, NY 10023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(845) 838-0187 Dr. Sujata Mahapatra AF 05-029 Awarded: 17MAY05
Title:	Semiconductor Heterostructure Quantum Wire Multiwavelength IR Photodetectors for Focal Plane Arrays
Abstract:	The objective of this program is the study of the feasibility and an analysis of the scientific and technical merit of using a nanotemplate, developed by Phoebus Optoelectronics LLC and it academic collaborators, to electrochemically grow II-VI/II-VI semiconductor quantum wire heterostructures (QRHS), specifically CdTe/CdS for LWIR and CdTe/CdSe for MWIR and LWIR sensing applications. These structures and materials will be used to fabricate superior performing and more cost effective forward-looking multiwavelength IR focal plane arrays (FPA). Increased optoelectronic integration leading to increased performance and decreased costs are expected.

DATA DESIGN CORP. 7851-A Beechcraft Avenue, Department SH Gaithersburg, MD 20879
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 670-1157 Mr. Mark A. Shaw AF 05-031 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Innovative Data/Electrical Interfaces for Modular Spacecraft
Abstract:	Spacecraft systems generally contain an array of sensors connected to a central controller via a myriad of electrical interfaces. An interface control document that contains a detailed description of each of the electrical interfaces is required to specify the interconnection of the various subsystem components. Satisfying all the electrical requirements imposed by this document is time consuming, and adds a significant cost to the overall integration effort. In many final spacecraft designs, the engineering effort expended to interconnect many different sensors each having unique electrical interfaces involves as much time as does the design of the actual sensor electronics. Data Design is proposing to investigate an alternative method of interconnecting spacecraft subsystem components or sensors using one of the standard protocol interfaces employed with connectivity of personal computers to peripheral devices. The approach will work both with new sensor designs as well as with legacy ones.

PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC. 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston Plaz Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 242-7840 Mr. Joseph Wieber AF 05-031 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Plug and Play Compatibility Enhancements for the Network Data Acquisition System (NDAS)
Abstract:	The Air Force has an operational need to launch satellites on demand for a variety of missions as well as to provide last minute tailoring for dynamic mission requirements. One of the critical capabilities required to achieve this goal is the ability to rapidly integrate all the necessary satellite subsystems, including mission specific payloads, in a short time period before launch. The capability to rapidly integrate components prior to launch also supports the ability to rapidly reconfigure a spacecraft to accommodate changing mission requirements. In support of this operational need, the AF has established a roadmap for the development of satellite components that can perform these functions, with the initial phase concentrating on establishment of a "Plug and Play" (PnP) interface similar to those implemented on standard personal computers via Universal Serial Bus (USB). In support of this Phase I SBIR, PSI is modifying their existing high-speed, dual redundant, multi-drop network for space (Network Data Acquisition System - NDAS) by adding USB compatibility. We will provide an integrated PnP design that that can plug into an existing USB device as well as host numerous USB components along the network. The Phase II effort completes the design work for an ASIC implementation.

REAL-TIME INNOVATIONS 155A Moffet Park Drive, Suite 111 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 203-9322 David Mintz AF 05-031 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Innovative Data/Electrical Interfaces for Modular Spacecraft
Abstract:	This proposal is to develop a limited Publish-Subscribe networking infrastructure suitable for use in the development of modular, reusable spacecraft components. The proposed infrastructure, or middleware, is based upon the OMG standard Data Distribution Service (DDS). The limited offering, NDDS-Lite, derives from RTI's NDDS middleware, which is compliant with the DDS standard. NDDS-Lite will support smaller, less capable processors likely used in spacecraft components. The work proposed herein will culminate in a set of concrete requirements for the NDDS-Lite middleware, as well as a functioning prototype that will implement some of the features proposed as part of the Phase I requirements specification tasks. Features to be examined include: OS independence: Identical source code modules will be used on nodes running different operating systems Platform Independence: Support a variety of hardware platforms, including small, resource poor boards. Fault tolerance: System robustness to various single point failures will be shown Plug & Play: Demonstrate automatic discovery of added and removed nodes. No OS version: Run on a processor with no OS Interoperability between NDDS-Lite and DDS-compliant NDDS will be demonstrated in a realistic experimental testbed containing both fully-capable computers and "thin-client" nodes.

DESIGN_NET ENGINEERING LLC 10311 Hampden Ave. Suite A107 Lakewood, CO 80227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 462-0096 Dr. Ken Center AF 05-032 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Low Cost, Tailor able Avionics for Rapid Response Satellites
Abstract:	Responsive Space goals include the ability to design, fabricate, and launch a small tactical satellite in 7 days. One required enabling technology is a framework with which to define and assemble standard components from mission requirements. The focus of this research effort is the definition of a "Device Object Module" standard. This "DOM" contains all information necessary to support analysis within the various systems engineering disciplines (thermal, structural, power, etc.). It also contains characteristics of the component to allow configuration to mission requirements and a behavioral model to support simulation activities. Packaging modular components in this fashion naturally facilitates the implementation of a Knowledge-Based Satellite Engineering Design Tool, allowing a satellite system engineer to interactively configure a satellite to requirements while ensuring system integrity in parallel. As the tools are applied to an increasing number and variety of missions, the accumulated "mission knowledge" can be used to gradually diminish the role of systems engineering in the design loop. Ideally, a mission could ultimately be configured to tactical requirements in a period of days.

INTERFACE & CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC. 8945 Guilford Road, Suite 120 Columbia, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 723-0399 Mr. Brian Buckley AF 05-032 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Sleuth & Guide - Auto Checkout and Tasking for PnP
Abstract:	The problem of long and costly development cycles for satellite command and control flight software is not unique to the AFRL's TacSat Programs. In order to shorten the time-to-flight for spacecraft software systems, Interface and Control Systems has devised a software ontology which will greatly reduce the development and validation time required to field new flight software systems on Spacecraft. Our Phase 1 SLEUTH and GUIDE products will automate the discovery of device and service capabilities and adapt the onboard system based on the information provided by SPA compatible, plug and play avionics hardware and software. The proposed architecture will replace labor intensive, hand-generated logic with auto-generated embedded systems code in an extremely cost-effective manner. The round trip time to sense PnP device capabilities, generate code, load the code to the target processor, and validate functionality will be reduced to minutes. Auto-coding tools will allow rapid reconfiguration of algorithms and flight profiles. ICS will demonstrate a highly automated test and checkout capability with the Sleuth architecture and provide an advanced planning and tasking capability (Guide) which shares a common infrastructure for definition of relationships between onboard sensors and subsystems.

SEAKR ENGINEERING, INC. 6221 S. Racine Circle Centennial, CO 80111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 790-8499 Mr. Paul Murray AF 05-032 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Low Cost, Tailor able Avionics for Rapid Response Satellites
Abstract:	A significant element of costs and development time for a satellite is the complexity of the avionics (command and control, interface electronics, data storage, etc.). Typically, the approach is to design a unique system for a specific mission incurring high costs and risk associated with developing a once-use only system. Additionally, these systems have not been very flexible and are typically not able to adjust to changing mission demands or correct unforeseen design errors that might not have identified prior to launch. SEAKR's ReConfigurable Computers (RCC) offers a flexible reprogrammable platform that could be used in a number of spacecraft applications from interface electronics controls, guide and navigation control, high end processing of sensor data such as loss-less compression or image processing, robotic controls, real time encryption/decryption, packet switching, or target recognition and identification. The RCC architecture reduces risk, costs, and schedule for satellite missions by providing a reprogrammable space based platform that could be used for a number of different spacecraft avionic applications. For this proposal, SEAKR will develop an engineering flight design of a two CoProcessor (COP), Virtex II-Pro RCC (RCC3). In phase II, the flight design could be easily manufactured and delivered in time to fly on the AFRL JSW-D2, Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer (ARTEMIS) satellite formerly known as TACSAT-III.

MICROCOSM, INC. 401 Coral Circle El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 726-4100 Mr. Thomas Morphopolous AF 05-033 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Innovative, Low Cost, Plug-and-Play Intertial Measurement System
Abstract:	For this Phase I SBIR, Microcosm proposes to coordinate with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Plug-and-play Avionics (SPA) working groups to develop a breadboard Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) interface that meets the latest SPA interface standards. In addition, Microcosm will study implementations for other plug-and-play GN&C components. Today's spacecraft components come with a variety of electrical interfaces and non-standard data interfaces. Changing the IMU on a spacecraft usually requires custom changes to the flight software. Plug-and-play spacecraft components offer the flexibility and simplified integration that will be required to realize a 6-day spacecraft. With a standard interface, spacecraft components will be interchangeable and can be selected specifically to meet mission needs. The AFRL is coordinating SPA working groups to define a plug-and-play standard. The final result of this Phase I SBIR effort will be a breadboard plug-and-play IMU unit based on a Microelectromechanical (MEMS) device that meets those standards. In the Phase II SBIR effort, Microcosm will apply the same underlying technology to build other plug-and-play GN&C components, such as magnetic torquer drive electronics and star sensors. In a related Phase II SBIR, Microcosm built a breadboard GN&C system to internally defined plug-and-play standards.

STARVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1700 Research Parkway Suite 170 College Station, TX 77845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 458-1445 Mr. Michael Jacox AF 05-033 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	SpeedStar: A Plug and Play Stellar Gyroscope for Responsive Spacecraft
Abstract:	StarVision Technologies proposes an innovative concept to significantly reduce cost and increase flexibility of tactical satellites. By employing the stellar gyroscope, we replace separate attitude and rate sensing instruments with a single device that is capable of measuring spacecraft inertial rates and attitude by observing the celestial reference - the stars. The SpeedStar innovations allow a star tracker instrument to operate at update rates greater than 100 Hz, providing a tactical spacecraft with inertial rates and attitude at low cost without sacrificing the accuracy of conventional star tracker/gyro systems. The Phase I tasks will result in a hardware test bed to measure the performance and verify the feasibility of the concept.

SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.(SPEC) 101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Brad Sallee AF 05-033 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Low Cost Satellite Inertial Measurement System (LCSIM)
Abstract:	Satellite Inertial Measurement (LCSIM) sensor suite which incorporates a grouping of sensors that are capable of both short-term lockdown of the inherently quick moving objects, as well as long term positional and angular update capability to maintain zero drift orientation control. In order to allow cost effective quick turn satellites for a variety of missions, there is a need for a miniature, low cost, low power, and extremely capable inertial measurement unit. Recent advancements in MEMS sensors, GPS sensors and imaging sensors allow such a unit to be constructed using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components. By optimizing the synergy between the sensors, the strengths of each sensor can be used to enhance the overall suite, compensating for sensor weaknesses. The result is a high speed, quick lock down, ultra high accuracy suite made up of a large number of miniature sensors rather than a few ultra high accuracy (and high cost) ones. With the miniature high accuracy system small satellites could be used, in place of some sensor suites now capable of flying only on larger attitude controlled busses.

NU-TREK 16428 Avenida Florencia Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 864-7858 Mr. William Poland AF 05-034 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Self Organizing Sensor Arrays
Abstract:	Using Nuclear Event Detectors (NEDs) and Dosimeters, Nu-Trek, SAIC, and Kinney Consulting will demonstrate, feasibility and benefit, of sensors that self-organize during assembly. Sensors are part of the spacecraft avionics and can be reconfigured as needed. Our Space-ZigBee architecture, combines the approach of the ZigBee wireless standard with the SPA-U plug and play interface, for a "wired" approach especially well suited for sensors and control devices. In the context of a nuclear threat, Nuclear Event Detectors (NEDs) are used to initiate circumvention. In NED implementation internal shielding greatly impacts the dose rate reaching the NED and it is VERY difficult to determine computationally where to place the NED. In the demonstration, the dosimeters will activate the NED that is closest to the location in which the dose is highest. We will also perform a Trade-Of-Study and prepare a roadmap for the development of the dosimeters and NED/dose rate sensing arrays.

VULCAN WIRELESS, INC. 7009 Rockrose Terrace Carlsbad, CA 92009
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 473-7656 Mr. Kevin Lynaugh AF 05-034 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Reconfigurable Electronics for Responsive Space Systems
Abstract:	Vulcan wireless is proposing a highly integrated, reconfigurable satellite communications and sensor payload. Antenna systems are multi-band, multi-beam and multi-polarization using the same aperture. RF transceiver electronics provide multi-band and multi-channel utilizing the reconfigurable antenna-systems. The modulating and demodulation hardware is implemented in a Software Defined Radio architecture enabling JTRS waveforms and protocols. Due to the highly flexible reconfigurable DSP processor engine it is also able to be used for sensor applications. Data encryption is done in a general purpose encryption engine. The entire payload is highly integrated to minimize mass and is also low power.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5223 Dr. Margaret Lyell AF 05-035 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Cognitive Agent Framework for Self-Aware Satellites
Abstract:	Enhancing satellite Situation Awareness (SA) requires increased on-board automation for data processing,, intelligent decision making and capability for re-configuration and re-tasking. Our innovative solution to meet these goals is integrated agent-based framework coupled with innovative application of recent developments in ontology representation. Our solution has been based on the premise that any solution enabling situation awareness requires three core components: 1) a common model for the representation of the shared notion of the `Situation' between the satellite and ground station, 2) a mechanism for the semantic exposure of on-board sensory capabilities and the data generated by them, and 3) an integrated, composable and adaptable framework for processing raw `data' into critical `information', intelligent decision making and resource management. We propose ontological mechanisms for the representation of the situation model and the sensor metadata. The basis of the SA framework is a set of cognitive agents and a library of formally defined protocols and roles that describe the interactions between these cognitive decision components. This framework is built upon IAI's Cybele Agent Platform, which has been proven in large-scale decision making frameworks for air traffic control, logistics decision support systems, and distributed battle management (BMC2) systems.

MULTIMEDIA DATA SERVICES CORP. P.O. Box 73 Hyde Park, UT 84318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(435) 787-7429 Ms. Angelique Crane AF 05-035 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	The Self-Aware Satellite
Abstract:	A Task Manager software module compatible with the AFRL Satellite Data Model will be developed. This software system will support a complete task and process management system appropriate for future rapid-deployment satellites.

NEMOMETRICS CO. 28 Constitution Road Boston, MA 02129
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 242-0050 Dr. John I. Rodriguez AF 05-035 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Satellite Awareness through Power Monitoring
Abstract:	This SBIR project will develop a new technology for in-depth measurement of operation and health of satellite systems and components and so enable self-awareness. By careful measurement of voltage and current at the power supply and in-depth analysis of power transients, the Non-intrusive Electronic Monitor (NEMO) will assess satellite operation and evaluate systems. Because NEMO makes multiple use of existing power supply wiring and requires very few sensors, space and weight requirements are minimal.

STAR TECHNOLOGIES CORPORTATION 10303 Galpin Court Great Falls, VA 22066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 759-2933 Mr. Robert R. Strunce, Jr. AF 05-035 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	3D Satellite Builder
Abstract:	The Air Force is developing new approaches to the Rapid Response or Rapid Fielding of small spacecraft such as Road Runner and DSX which represent an aggressive approach to developing and launching satellites in a short period of time. Road Runner is aimed at developing a spacecraft from concept baseline to launch readiness in under 14 months with the ability to deploy the spacecraft from storage to full on-orbit functionality in 7 days. The current research is aiming at being even more aggressive where a spacecraft could be designed, developed, integrated, tested and launched within 6-7 days. Star Technologies Corporation proposes to develop a "3D Satellite Builder" that provides (1) a flexible Plug-n-Play software architecture for prototyping of subsystems such as the Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS), the Propulsion Subsystem (PS), Flight Computer System (FCS) or the Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADACS) using hardware components such as batteries, solar cells, attitude sensors and actuators; (2) the ability to swap hardware components with equivalent software emulators in a real-time ?Integration & Test? environment; (3) 3D Visualization User Interface (UI) in support of spacecraft design, development, and testing.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Gary E. Galica AF 05-036 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Enhanced Scattering of Trapped Energetic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. proposes to develop a High Energy Imaging Particle Spectrometer (HIPS) to act both as a diagnostic for Radiation Belt Remediation flight experiments and also as an operational space-weather threat sensor. HIPS directly supports AFRLs SWx payload and CYGNUS RBR payloads. During periods of high geomagnetic activity, new radiation belts can form as a result of the energy deposited in the earth's magnetosphere. A high altitude nuclear detonation (HAND) can also produce a similar effect. HAND electrons can become trapped in the Earth's inner magnetosphere, form new radiation belts, and in turn damage space systems. Technologies that reduce the natural lifetimes of HAND belts can dramatically improve space system survivability and ensure the continuation of space-based services. In order to determine the effectiveness of any radiation belt remediation technique, one must measure the energy and pitch angle distributions of ambient electrons, particularly at energies >0.5 MeV. HIPS would characterize the energy and angular distributions of the high energy electrons and protons (0.5-30 MeV electrons and 3-400 MeV protons). While a new instrument design, the HIPS sensor is closely based both on PSI's LPD sensor currently flying on the SERVIS-1 satellite, and the LIPS sensor developed for AFRL/VSB.

PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC. 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston Plaz Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 242-7840 Mr. Dan Cohen AF 05-036 Awarded: 18APR05
Title:	Antenna Design, Modeling, and Space Flight Validation Enabling Operational Systems that Enhance Scattering of Trapped Energetic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere
Abstract:	DoD has identified the potential posed by a hostile nation detonating a nuclear device at high altitude as a very damaging asymmetrical threat. Such a high altitude nuclear detonation (HAND) event can result in severe damage to our nations' critical space assets, as well as to our commercial space infrastructure. Because the energetic electrons produced by HAND can become trapped in the Earth's inner magnetosphere and form new radiation belts hazardous to space systems that can last for many months, replenishment of replacement satellites into their operational orbits may not be possible unless methods are available to remediate the elevated environment. AFRL scientists in concert with academic researchers have developed a promising method that could reduce the natural lifetime of HAND belts from months to days, allowing dramatically improved space system survivability and ensure the continuation of space-based services. This method involves enhancing the electron pitch-angle scattering rate via cyclotron-resonant wave-particle interactions. The primary objective of this effort is to identify issues of implementation and provide design solutions for the injection of waves into the inner magnetosphere from a space-based platform at frequencies of interest for stimulating the pitch-angle scattering of energetic electrons.

RADEX, INC. 131 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 761-2288 Dr. Michael J. Kendra AF 05-037 Awarded: 22APR05
Title:	Nowcasting/Forecasting the Battlespace Environment
Abstract:	This effort will characterize the real world features and spatial structure of stressing atmospheric phenomena and demonstrate the feasibility of forecasting such phenomena using data-driven infrared background models. Our approach to this problem involves locating and identifying stressing backgrounds contained in measurements and extracting key structure characteristics in a form that allows their insertion into radiance codes such as MODTRAN and SAMM2. Techniques proposed herein cover spatial and temporal domains. Atmospheric features will be properly located in the global/geophysical environment, accounting for the dependence of real world phenomena on time, latitude, and season, in order to ensure real world fidelity. The feasibility of nowcasting and forecasting these clutter sources will be assessed, and prediction methodologies will be demonstrated when practical.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Dr. Peter Rochford AF 05-037 Awarded: 18APR05
Title:	Multi-scale Atmospheric Prediction System for Radiance Clutter (MAPS-C)
Abstract:	Atmospheric radiance clutter is a significant impediment to remotely-sensed target identification and surveillance. Clutter events arise from atmospheric phenomena occurring over wide vertical and horizontal scales. These include polar mesospheric clouds, aurora, stratospheric warming, thermal inversions, gravity waves, and mesospheric bores. To forecast radiance clutter from these events for any viewing geometry requires modeling of whole atmospheric conditions (i.e., troposphere to thermosphere) on a global scale. Furthermore, surveillance needs dictate that this be provided at the highest spatial resolution (e.g., ~100 m). To address this critical need, we propose to develop the MAPS-C (Multi-scale Atmospheric Prediction System for Clutter) system to provide 72-hour forecasts of atmospheric clutter conditions. The difficult computational task is addressed by incorporating into MAPS-C, state-of-the-art global and mesoscale atmospheric models (WACCM and WRF) being developed by the scientific community, and the SSI-developed all-altitudes radiation transport code (SAMM2). In Phase I, user-defined clutter phenomena will be embedded into the dynamical core of these models to provide a unified system for modeling the spatial-temporal evolution of clutter radiance. Additionally, a sub-kilometer statistical description of clutter will be provided by an ensemble forecasting tool.

NANTERO, INC. 25D Olympia Avenue Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 760-0273 Dr. Jonathan W. Ward AF 05-038 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Space Qualified Nonvolatile Memory
Abstract:	The purpose of this Phase I SBIR project is to reduce the power and increase the speed of reprogrammable non-volatile chalcogenide devices. The proposed method employs a porous monolayer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as local heating elements for chalcogenide devices. By exploiting the molecular nature of carbon nanotubes, very large local temperature changes can be induced on timescales much shorter than using traditional thin film resistors. This innovation directly addresses the bottleneck in performance stemming from the relatively long delay associated with the crystallizing transition of Ge2Sb2Te5 layers. Also, due to the increased heating efficiency of CNT fabrics, a lower total overall power is required to effect each state transition. The proposed Phase I project focuses on electrical and thermal measurements of patterned CNT fabrics and patterned CNT/Ge2Sb2Te5 bi-layers. Completion of a successful Phase I program will allow CNT/Ge2Sb2Te5 test devices to be designed in Phase II and incorporated into BAE's current CRAM technology, increasing the speed and decreasing the power of the integrated chalcogenide devices, which forms a critical component in the effort to exploit higher performance, reprogrammable, reliable and "agile" radiation tolerant non-volatile memory systems for space.

STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES Suite 103, 201 Circle Drive Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 260-9589 Mr. Joseph D. Cuchiaro AF 05-038 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Space Qualified Nonvolatile Memory Leveraging Commercial Fabrication Technolofy
Abstract:	Structured Materials Industries, Inc. recently demonstrated excellent nonvolatile memory properties of a nonlinear dielectric. Within this Phase I SBIR we will transition our preliminary results to model the device and thin-film for a backside gate control EEPROM architecture to be integrated within an established foundry process. This revolutionary architecture is applicable to military and commercial applications, however our intention is to establish a complete radiation hardened device capability by characterizing the intrinsic radiation hardness of the intended state-of-the-art foundry process. Once installed, the technology has the potential to introduce a wide range of radiation hardened nonvolatile memory products that are produced in a cost effective silicon process. Our Phase II effort will begin the installation of the thin-film into the foundry, develop a test chip vehicle for employment of design hardening techniques targeting TID 1Mrad(Si) or greater and prompt dose hardening of 1E10 rad/s or greater and verify program produced devices radiation performance. Our Phase III commercialization will consist of introducing strategically hardened nonvolatile EEPROM (16 - 32Mbits in density) followed by other components requiring embedded memory, as well as the sales of process equipment and licensing of program produced technology. Successful completion of this program will benefit military and aerospace end users with low cost per memory bit nonvolatile memory, system designers requiring radiation hardened nonvolatile memory, as well as commercial device manufacturers utilizing the backside gate control process.

DATA FUSION CORP. 10190 Bannock Street, Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80260
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 872-2145 Dr. Wolfgang Kober AF 05-039 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Improved Through Waveform Diversity
Abstract:	Data Fusion Corporation (DFC) and Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company propose the development of a technologically feasible radar system using coded waveforms with enhanced Space Based Radar SAR performance. This concept will be relevant to both synthetic aperture radar (SAR) modes as well as moving target indication (MTI) modes.

MMICMAN, LLC 826 N. Red Robin St. Orange, CA 92869
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 997-9226 Mr. Edward W. Ray AF 05-040 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Low-Power Phased Array Control Technologies
Abstract:	The silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) is the first practical bandgap-engineered device to be realized in silicon. SiGe HBT technology combines transistor performance competitive with III-V technologies with the processing maturity, integration levels, yield, and hence, cost commonly associated with conventional Si fabrication. In the seventeen years since the first demonstration of a functional transistor, SiGe HBT technology has emerged from the research laboratory, entered manufacturing on 200-mm wafers, and is poised to enter the commercial RF and microwave market. State of-the-art SiGe HBT's can deliver: 1. fT in excess of 90 GHz; 2. fmax in excess of 120 GHz 3. minimum noise figure below 1.5 dB at 10.0 GHz 4. 1/f noise corner frequencies below 500 Hz. 5. cryogenic operation 6. excellent radiation hardness 7. reliability comparable to Si. A host of record-setting digital, analog, RF, and microwave circuits have been demonstrated in the past several years using SiGe HBT's, and recent work on passives and transmission lines on Si suggest a migratory path to Si-based monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC's) is possible. The combination of SiGe HBT's with advanced Si CMOS to form a SiGe BiCMOS technology represents a unique opportunity for Si-based RF system-on-a-chip solutions.

OPEL 22 Quail Run Road Storrs/Mansfield, CT 06268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 486-3466 Dr. Heath Opper AF 05-040 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Optoelectronic control technology for Phased Arrays.
Abstract:	Phased arrays are critical for surveillance and tracking. Current TR modules use numerous MMIC chips, ferrite circulators and phase shifters and quasi-optical true-time-delay (TTD). A major power requirement is distribution and synchronization of the T/R function across multiple RF interfaces. Large scale integration could address the problem of interconnecting boards with GHZ RF outputs but is currently not possible. Such integration with optical control holds the key. OPEL proposes a monolithic IC solution based upon novel optoelectronic (OE) thryistor circuit design. Thyristor/HFET circuits implement a novel power amplifier using a gated OE oscillator driving a Class E output. The receive channel is implemented with a thyristor LNA/mixer to achieve down-conversion with gain followed by digitization with a new �A-�' modulator. Control data/return data are coupled optically to/from a processor at a central distribution point. Clock recovery, deserialization, and optical distribution implement a low power control system. A thyristor based ripple counter implements a serializer circuit and produces the inverse TTD function for return signals. Both T and R channels are integrated using novel dielectric isolation. Optical and RF signal paths are maximized and minimized respectively to achieve a dramatic reduction in overhead power loss. OPEL will demonstrate this optoelectronic approach.

SARASWATI ASSOC. 650 5th street, Suite 505 san francisco, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 Mr. James Coward AF 05-041 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Electronic Protection for Space-borne Phased Array Antennas (EP-SPAA)
Abstract:	Our baseline incorporates a unique photonic approach. a)Photonic sampler antenna with unparalleled features: low EMI and EMP inherent in optical fiber, b) conformal elements fed by optical fiber resulting in easy S/C integration, c) photonic beamforming network for millisecond rate direction finding, d) very low footprint photonic receiver with embedded signal processing. Unified photonics systems concept resulting in low mass and low cost. Low risk- all elements of system have been demonstrated. Supported by Lockheed Martin, which is separately investing in situational awareness systems and in particular in photonic antenna systems. (see attached letter)

THE HALEAKALA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 7 Martin Road Brookfield, MA 01506
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 409-1010 Dr. Theodore R. Anderson AF 05-041 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Plasma FSS Radomes for Electronic Protection for Space-borne Phased Array Antennas
Abstract:	The Haleakala R&D Inc.will advance state of the art in antenna radomes as an electronic and RF protection for space-borne phased array antennas. The plasma frequency selective surface antenna radome acts as a reconfigurable shield for the antennas inside. We propose to use our plasma frequency selective surface radomes with plasma tubes embedded in an ultra-light and ultra -strong material called Synfoam (http://www.udccorp.com/synfoam.html). We will investigate and develop protection technologies with our plasma FSS radome for space-borne phased array antennas used for communications and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). Since future transformational communications and radio frequency based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) space systems will likely involve advanced, high dynamic range transmitter/receiver devices and large but light-weight apertures, our plasma FSS radome technology is needed to address satellite system vulnerabilities that are associated with high dynamic range sensors and such large apertures. The type of ulnerabilities that our plasma FSS radome technology can address include Net-centric Warfare (penetrate satellite command uplink, insert false instruction and/or data, etc.) and direct radio frequency (RF) attack (spurious signal attack, spoofing attack, etc.). We will compare this to metal frequency selective surface radomes with slots filled with Synfoam and hybrid plasma-metal frequency selective surface radomes. We will research plasma frequency selective surfaces with plasma tubes embedded in Synfoam, and metal slot FSS filled with Synfoam, and hybrid models to meet the Air Force goals

OPEL 22 Quail Run Road Storrs/Mansfield, CT 06268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 486-3466 Dr. Jianhong Cai AF 05-043 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	High Frequency Optoelectronc Oscillator
Abstract:	Clocks and pulse sources are essential elements for radar systems. Timing control determines total system operation and the fundamental limitation for next generation sub-systems is clock jitter (phase noise). For multi GB/s systems, the clear choice is an optoelectronic oscillator in which the clock period is an optical delay. The phase noise is thereby reduced because the variability of the delay lies only in stability of the refractive index. The major source of phase noise then lies in the mechanism to adjust the clock period and the spontaneous noise on the optical source. Optoelectronic oscillators have been reported that use a collection of lasers , modulators, delays and RF amplifiers. Although phase noise is improved, the system is bulky and power consumptive. OPEL proposes an integrated version based upon a unique switching device that performs both as the optical source and detector. By integration with control HFETs and optical waveguides, the oscillator consumes minimal chip space and achieves phase noise approaching the quantum limit, since the RIN noise is that of the VCSEL (-160dB/Hz) and the control noise is only the shot noise on the injection current (<10fs jitter). In this SBIR, OPEL will produce the integrated OEO.

TLC PRECISION WAFER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1411 West River Road North Minneapolis, MN 55411
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 341-2795 Mr. S. VAJHA AF 05-043 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Novel Integrated X-band and Ku-band Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) MMICs
Abstract:	New fully integrated low-cost, low-phase noise microwave Voltage control oscillator MMICs will be developed after the successful demonstration of the proposed effort. TLC will integrate exclusive doping profiles of their patented varactor diode capabilities with their patented VCO MMIC desings on a lattice engineered substrate to develop and deliver a family of single chip VCOs with more than 2 GHz tuning bandwidth, phase noise less than -140dBc/Hz at 100KHz, and output powers greater than 16dBm. The proposal presents a novel method of integrating varactor diode to the VCO MMIC, there by, avoiding time consuming, unreliable, error prone usage of external varactor diodes with VCO MMICs. The proposed VCO is an ideal solution for the future Space Based Radar Constellation application.

PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC. 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston Plaz Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 768-6500 Mr. James Carter AF 05-044 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Enhanced Radar Metrology by Means of Miniature Angle Sensors
Abstract:	The physics of future space-based radar systems that are capable of tactical-grade target tracking require very large apertures operating at high orbital altitudes. It is essential to develop a system for locating the critical RF antenna components in response to thermal and dynamic inputs if the required coherent performance is to be achieved. For the large aperture architectures PSI has studied, basic geometric considerations mandate that angle measurement techniques have the greatest usefulness for the radar problem. PSI has chosen laser-scanning instruments as its basic angular measurement technology for space, due to their combination of speed, accuracy, simplicity of processing, and size. Our proposed innovation reduces by approximately a factor of ten the errors associated with temperature drift and digital processing in comparison with today��s similar market technologies. Our proposed miniature angle sensor enables measurement of an example large, flexible antenna to better than ��/100 accuracy.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 889-3616 Mr. William Joseph Arnold AF 05-044 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Advanced Metrology Technologies for Next-Generation Space-Based Radar
Abstract:	Space-based radar concepts employing large (~ 300 m length) semi-rigid, active phased array antennas are being investigated for surveillance missions that include detecting surface moving targets in severe clutter environments. To achieve the required transmit and receive antenna pattern characteristics, metrology concepts are needed to address aggregate phase errors from structural, electronic and propagation sources. These error sources degrade the knowledge of the relative phase between sub-panels thereby producing an ineffective antenna pattern and poor beam pointing control. Technology Service Corporation and BBN Technologies will develop innovative techniques to isolate the phase and differential range errors. Our layered metrology concept utilizes miniaturized electronics already designed into the waveform generation and reference signal paths and that are distributed in the antenna. In Phase 1, a dedicated radar antenna calibration mode will be formulated for a candidate payload design to develop mission performance models and orbital demonstrations. Feasibility studies of how observations can be made both locally and in the far-field of the antenna to support the calibration will also be conducted. Novel orthogonal waveforms to support calibration will also be investigated by our team. In Phase 2, TSC and BBN will implement a metrology concept that is compatible with emerging AESA designs for Air Force SBR programs.

JACKPINE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 1380 Corporate Center Curve, Suite 108 Eagan, MN 55121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 452-8468 Mr. Robert J Shepherd AF 05-049 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Air Traffic Control (ATC) Tactical Briefcase
Abstract:	Jackpine Technologies, teamed with Lockheed Martin Transportation and Security Solutions, present a plan to build an Air Traffic Control Tactical Briefcase (ATCTB). The ATCTB will be used by personnel who require airspace situational awareness, but need to hand carry their ATC equipment. In addition to providing the necessary functionality, the system will need to meet size, ruggedness and reliability requirements, and adhere to standards contained in the DoD IT Standards Registry (DISR) and Joint Tactical Architecture (JTA). Our proposed solution will be based on well-tested, stable software and off-the-shelf hardware components, but use a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) to deliver a migration path for net-centric warfare, specialized decision aids, and integration with the Global Information Grid (GIG). The overall Phase I goal is to analyze the ATCTB requirements and design the system, using an optimal mix of off-the-shelf components and innovative new ideas.

THE DESIGN KNOWLEDGE CO. 2661 Commons Blvd., STE 242 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-4276 Mr. Nick Longinow AF 05-049 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Air Traffic Control (ATC) Tactical Briefcase
Abstract:	The MCATS system will provide two fundamental capabilities. 1) Initiating air traffic control and air surveillance for where none previously existed, and 2) Improving the overall mission effectiveness of advanced party teams. The approach is to integrate advanced materials, network centric interoperability, and advanced work-center techniques. This will broaden its effectiveness as a multi-role sensor integration system in providing ATC, or terminal approach and enroute or air surveillance. Basic air traffic control capabilities define the core requirements for providing sensor interfaces, developing the air picture, and providing basic approach control. More stringent communication requirements are introduced to support the tactical and covert operating environment. This would support a scenario for an advanced party establishing basic ATC capabilities prior to the deployment of the MACS or Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS). The MCATS vision is to provide sufficient ATC capability to meets performance requirements and to be able to do this in an expeditious or covert manner.

VIPMOBILE, INC. 655 Montgomery Street, 5th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 837-3201 Dr. Ben Knapp AF 05-049 Awarded: 02MAY05
Title:	VIPMobile Air Traffic Control (ATC) Tactical Briefcase
Abstract:	Current air traffic control (ATC) tactical operations require disparate pieces of software and hardware equipment that fail to provide the controller or the pilot with network-centric real time information. The controller does not have a single unified graphical view of the area of operations (AO) that would allow him to make quicker decisions. This requires both the operator and pilot to envision a "mental picture" of the AO. The controller must use of multiple pieces of gear, which include a laptop, radios, lazing device, lights, and GPS. Scalability is dependent on the number of controllers who can carry all the ATC gear. VIPMobile will investigate and design a highly integrated network-centric, software/hardware solution that will provide the controller with up-to-date situational awareness to allow optimal information transfer, improved decision-making, and succinct communications between controller and pilot. The VIPMobile Integrated Software Visualization (VIP ISV) package combines VIPMobile's existing visualization and interactive GUI software, Georgia Tech's FalconView, and Harris' Multiple Image Exploitation Tool (MET) to create a single unified combat controller interface with multiple selectable dynamic layers that can be customized for mission type and data availability. The innovation is in the ability to dynamically register and update these layers and will be one of the key technical outputs of this project.

INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS, INC. 1275 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 675-3729 Dr. Dale Siegel AF 05-051 Awarded: 04MAY05
Title:	Novel Methods for Delivery of Lifesaving Fluids and Medications
Abstract:	Devices to improve the field medic's capabilities to insert IVs into injured warfighters are designed to resolve the problem of difficult venous access when veins collapse from blood loss and shock. Intraosseous access devices are an option to failed venous access but exhibit drawbacks in resilience to harsh conditions, size, weight, ease of use, and battery power in some cases; additionally they are used after several peripheral access attempts have failed and critical time is lost in casualty care management. A novel technology invented by scientists at AFRL is capable of visualizing peripheral veins using small, low power near-infrared light and tactical night vision goggles. The technology has FDA clearance and shows exceptional clinical results in gaining first time vascular access. This project proposes to modify the FDA cleared device for use by field medics to withstand the rigorous working conditions of typical Special Operations Pararescue personnel in combat. The project will define product characterization for the final specification of a device that meets the following requirements: lightweight, small, stowable in a tactical pack, durable against impact forces, temperature extremes, submersion, dirt and sand exposure, simple and quick to use with minimal parts, controls, training, and with long-lasting power.

VIDACARE CORP. 722 Isom Road San Antonio, TX 78216
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 375-8500 Dr. Larry J. Miller AF 05-051 Awarded: 02MAY05
Title:	Novel Methods for Delivery of Lifesaving Fluids and Medications
Abstract:	The objective of this Phase I proposal is to evaluate a number of optional device designs for use in obtaining intraosseous access in combat conditions. Through discussions with experienced combat medics, one design will be selected and a proof-of-concept prototype built. The device will be designed to permit infusion through the sternum, tibia, humerus or other long bones. The proposed innovation, will offer several advantages over the current alternatives for IO infusion. Drawing on the observation that orthopedists use drills rather than nail guns in working with bones, the new device should be designed to penetrate to the IO space by drilling rapidly through the bone with a hollow drill, thus securing its correct placement with little chance of dislodgement during transport. This approach features a high safety margin for both the medic and the wounded.

PAYLOAD SYSTEMS, INC. 247 Third St. Cambridge, MA 02141
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 868-8086 Dr. Javier de Luis AF 05-052 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Smart Restraint System (SRS)
Abstract:	Rear helicopter aircrew need to move around to perform their missions. They often kneel or stand while moving around and working in the rear of the aircraft, which means that they cannot be restrained to their seats in the same way as the pilots can. Because of this necessity for movement they are exposed to the danger of potentially serious injury, particularly during high-g evasive maneuvers, and of course, in crash situations. Payload Systems Inc. (PSI) proposes to solve this problem through the development of an innovative Smart Restraint System (SRS) combining active and passive energy absorbing elements that will allow free movement under normal flight conditions, but intuitively adjust the level of restraint in response to aircraft flight maneuvers, or impending crash. This would permit the crewmember to perform his or her duties without being distracted by having to pay attention to the aircraft's movements in order to avoid injury. The result would be reduced stress and improved mission effectiveness.

WOLF TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. 6836 Hawthorn Park Drive Indianapolis, IN 46220
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(317) 842-6075 Mr. Michael D. Pepe AF 05-052 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Helicopter Aircrew Restraint
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to develop magnetic technology to be incorporated into aircrew restraint system designs that will address limitations of current restraint systems in protecting crewmembers in the full range of dynamic flight environments. The new restraint technology will supply a continuum of restraint level that will automatically adapt to the severity of the flight dynamics of the aircraft, while still allowing crewmembers the necessary freedom of movement during normal flight conditions. It will be compatible with inertia reel technology used on the lap and shoulder harnesses for the cockpit crew and seated cabin crewmembers. It will also be applicable for use on the tethers used by cabin crew that move about the aircraft during flight. The technology will be aircraft-independent, so that it can be retrofitted into existing airframes, or incorporated into new designs of more modern aircraft.

APPLIED NANOTECH, INC. 3006 Longhorn Blvd., Suite 107 Austin, TX 78758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 339-5020 Dr. James. P. Novak AF 05-053 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Metal Oxide Nanoparticle CO Detector Kit
Abstract:	Applied Nanotech Inc. proposes a miniaturized, low power, rapid responsive CO sensor based on molybdenum oxide nanoparticle networks applied to a thin-film transistor architecture. This sensor will be designed as a low maintenance detector for CO levels in air vehicles. Molybdenum oxide is an n-type semiconductor that shows an increase in conductance due to the oxidation of CO. The thin-film transistor architecture creates a selective, sensitive approach providing considerable improvement over the most successful commercial technology of CO detectors.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Jimmy Luo AF 05-053 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Nano-Structured Carbon Monoxide Detector for Aerospace Applications
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need to detect carbon monoxide (CO) levels on military airlift aircraft and warn aircrew members once CO levels rise beyond a safety limit, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new and reliable Aero CO Detector (ACOD) based on a microcontroller and solid-state nanotechnology. Use of a nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor sensor and a microcontroller for signal processing make the ACOD light and compact. ACOD will accurately and reliably display real-time readings of CO concentration in parts per million (ppm) by volume, and emit distinctive visual and audible warnings when a CO level above the 35 ppm warning threshold is detected, as well as a further alert when CO level rises above the 200 ppm danger level. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of ACOD by designing and developing a prototype ACOD, and testing it. In Phase II POC plans to optimize the ACOD design, and ACOD performance, and to consolidate the ACOD structure to increase sensitivity, stability, reliability, and durability even under extreme environmental conditions such as those in an airlift aircraft cabin during aircraft normal and emergency operations.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Stephen Kupiec AF 05-054 Awarded: 22APR05
Title:	Multiple View Autostereoscopic Display via Temporal Multiplexing
Abstract:	In this project, MetroLaser proposes to develop a conceptual design for a prototype time-sequential multiperspective autostereographic display (ASD). This system will have multiple stereoscopic viewing zones over an extended field of view. The envisioned architecture for the ASD will extend the capabilities of the display so that three-dimensional images can be seen by multiple viewers. In the Phase I program, we will develop a breadboard system and conduct a series of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology and experimentally verify the key components of the system. Part of the Phase I work will also include a commercialization plan for the ASD system. The display system to be built in Phase II will provide high quality 3-D imagery without the need for glasses, goggles, or other viewing aids. Ultimately, a commercial system will be built that will provide multi-user interactivity at near real-time speeds.

THIRD DIMENSION TECHNOLOGIES 3601 Bluff Point Drive Knoxville, TN 37920
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(865) 579-0113 Dr. C. E. (Tommy) Thomas Jr. AF 05-054 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	Warfighter 3-D Display
Abstract:	Third Dimension Technologies proposes a truly innovative combination of the very latest state-of-the-art developments in optics and electronics to produce a true 3D display that approaches the limits of what the human eye can resolve. A proprietary optics tiling technology allows complete modularity and scalability of the display. For an HPO (horizontal parallax only, three-dimensional in the plane of eye separation) panel the requirements for a 50 cm (20-inch) high-resolution color display would be an effective 120 Mpixels per 3D image. That is, 1600 x 1200 resolution with a 60 degree FOV, one-degree resolution, each pixel in color. This is more than three orders of magnitude down from the true holographic HPO display requirements, but would provide resolution close to the limits of human perception. The display would be readily scalable from a few cm to 100 cm or larger. This provides visual data at densities very close to the highest resolution the human eye can perceive. The display is fully adaptable to both HPO and full parallax (both horizontal and vertical).

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Steven Rowe AF 05-055 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	Enterprise Portal Software for Improved Situation Awareness
Abstract:	We propose to develop an enterprise portal architecture for integrating Air Force data sources, making this information accessible through standard web appliances. Our proposed solution is a two-fold approach. First, we will develop an enterprise portal server technology that makes use of and extends Cybernet Systems OpenSkies� networking and simulation technologies. Second, we will design and implement a framework for situation awareness including a thorough investigation and trial of prototyped human-computer interfaces. We will design the visual presentation of the portal website with a focus on improving situation awareness on a variety of web-enabled platforms in a distributed ground network.

MAK TECHNOLOGIES 10 Fawcett Street Cambridge, MA 02318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 876-8085 Mr. Russell Lane AF 05-055 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Portal Workstation Development: Multi-Sensor Network-Centric, Open Systems Portal
Abstract:	M�K Technologies (M�K) will specify a service oriented, open standards based architecture that lets data from a variety of live and simulated sources be combined in flexible ways to compose an integrated model of the battlespace. This model will represent the common operations picture (COP) shared by all warfighters, and will be presented to each user through a common point of access or portal in ways that best support their particular mission. The architecture will be defined as a set of well-documented, open standards based interfaces, services, and processes, and will allow the convenient integration of independently developed components including HLA/DIS based simulations. M�K?s approach enhances the warfighter?s situational awareness by leveraging the open standard HLA simulation architecture to compose a rich, realistic, and responsive model of the battlespace. The use of HLA in this way directly supports the compatibility of the architecture with the HLA-based AFRL/HEC SAFIRE simulation suite.

RESEARCH ASSOC. OF SYRACUSE 6780 Northern Blvd, Ste 100 East Syracuse, NY 13057
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 463-2266 Mr. Stan Hall AF 05-055 Awarded: 20APR05
Title:	Portal Workstation Development: Multi-Sensor Network-Centric, Open Systems Portal
Abstract:	While great strides have been made in converting service-specific military operations into joint operations, USAF's Common Operating Picture (COP) is still stove-piped. Attempts have been made to use portals for faster, easier access to data by multiple users and user groups. The results have been mixed, with some portal development efforts successful and others not successful. Research Associates of Syracuse proposes to develop an Operator Centric Collaborative Intelligence System (OCCIS) as a COP portal to address this need. This COP portal will allow multiple users and user groups to easily access, contribute, and consume information. It will format and display data in intuitively obvious and easy-to-use ways, each determined by the information user, not the information provider. It will accept data, especially all the INTs, from multiple streams and sources, at multiple security levels, and permit humans to compare and correlate that data. It will permit the reverse flow of that finished intelligence up to decision makers at remote locations. This portal will use open standards and COTS software whenever possible, and it will always use COTS hardware.

KUTTA CONSULTING, INC. 2525 W. Greenway Road, Suite 332 Phoenix, AZ 85023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 896-1976 Mr. Jeff Getzlaff AF 05-056 Awarded: 19APR05
Title:	Network-Centric Communications: Distributed Real-Time UAV Access
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the significant need for the design of a Human Computer Interface (HCI) in a Distributed UAV Access System (DUAS). The DOD roadmap goals of UAV interoperability are addressed utilizing the Global Information Grid (GIG). Goals and objectives for the design of two desired Distributed UAV Access Systems are presented, along with goals for simulations of the systems. An impressive team of industry partners is assembled, including The Boeing Company. The Phase 1 work plan employs the Rational Unified Process (RUP) to ensure a focus on user needs. Examples of unique and innovative proposed functionality for the HCI DUAS solutions include 3D situational awareness, mission plan comparison and visualization, UAV filtering, and route retasking. Technologies developed from Kutta's previous work creating a hand-held PDA controller for small UAVs are leveraged. Kutta captures the requirements of two candidate systems in a system and software requirements specification document and creates a simulation integration plan. At the end of Phase 1, time sensitive targeting prototype demonstrations are presented for both proposed solutions. Military and civilian market segments are defined, including the DOD, Coast Guard, Border Patrol, and police departments.

OR CONCEPTS APPLIED 7032 Comstock Avenue, Suite 100 Whittier, CA 90602
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(562) 907-6700 Dr. Michael Leen AF 05-056 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	UAV Access Design Experiment (UADE)
Abstract:	This SBIR effort will result in human-computer interface (HCI) design requirements to support expanded interoperability among and between unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). A key research issue is how information can be tailored by mission type, user level of access authority, and display/input device for a particular HCI. This proposal discusses what information could be presented to an operator. Although raw data is important and useful, it is possible to present the operator with information, consisting of interpreted data, as well as automated mission planning tools. OR Concepts Applied (ORCA) will document the data, information, and tools that are available as well as document how a given HCI could be tailored. ORCA will then apply human effectiveness techniques to build two separate UAV access systems. To facilitate software development, ORCA will leverage commercial off-the-shelf mission planning software that can be tailored and customized. ORCA will both demonstrate the UAV access systems using a time sensitive targeting (TST) scenario and describe a mechanism to integrate with existing simulation suites. ORCA will also perform an analysis of tradeoffs associated with semi-automating the information tailoring. HCI design requirements will be created as a result of this research.

ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2020 Kraft Drive, Suite 3040 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-1284 Mr. Andre Goldstein AF 05-057 Awarded: 19APR05
Title:	Actuator Design and Development for Optimized CIC Audio
Abstract:	Advancements in subminiature earphone drivers are sought to provide desired improvements in active noise reduction (ANR) earplug attenuation magnitudes and bandwidth. Prior investigations have illustrated a need for improvements in frequency response, sound power output, geometrical configurations, and ease of manufacturing for drivers that are optimized for military ANR earplug applications. This Phase I program begins with theoretical descriptions of existing earphone driver parameters, followed by further investigations of specific conceptual improvements described herein. All Phase I program objectives seek to identify advanced earphone driver designs that are feasible, with low-risk paths to reasonable-cost manufacturing methods. The success of the program will rely on ATI's extensive experience designing completely-in-the-canal ANR earplugs. Past development work has led to precise information about desired open-loop earphone driver frequency response characteristics that will optimize the closed-loop attenuation performance. This information will be used in considering new advancements in electromagnetic and piezoceramic earphone driver concept designs, with an initial prototype available at the end of the Phase I program.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Keehoon Kim AF 05-057 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Micro-Sized Smart Material Earphone Driver
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Air Force need for an advanced high output subminiature loudspeaker/earphone driver for use in active noise reduction (ANR) earplug systems, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new communication earplug driver for a side-impact-safe-bidirectional transmission earplug based on micro-sized smart material actuators (MSMA). The MSMA system will consist of a micro-size earplug (MEP) in a protective housing with easy connectivity to an external linear amplifier and an Air Force selected ANR controller to actuate the MEP. The MSMA will be designed to produce high-fidelity sound up to 140 dB within a 6 mm diameter by 7 mm long cylindrical volume. The MEP will have a safe, simple structure of just two simple non-protruding components -- an earplug housing and a smart material acoustic membrane embedded in the housing -- to generate counter-acoustic energy according to ANR control signals. In Phase I POC will develop a feasibility demonstration laboratory model MSMA system, including a system analysis of output, magnitude and phase of the frequency response, total delay, and size. In Phase II we will refine the MSMA design and then fabricate/test three prototype advanced high output subminiature earphone drives, and deliver ten units for testing.

RH LYON CORP. 691 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 864-7260 Dr. Richard H. Lyon AF 05-057 Awarded: 22APR05
Title:	Advanced Subminiature Loudspeaker/Earphone Driver
Abstract:	Communication and ear protection in an extremely noisy environment has been aided by the development of noise reduction headsets that employ active feedback between a loudspeaker and microphone, both located within the headset. But externally worn muffs can be dislodged, imperfectly worn, and subject to sound leakage. In addition, their passive noise reduction is limited, particularly at lower frequencies. The development of in-the-ear hearing aids using small electrodynamic receivers and electret microphones has raised the opportunity to incorporate such elements in an in-the-ear active noise reduction communications unit. The principal challenge in doing so is the output capabilities of the receiver. The noise levels at the eardrum with an insert in place may still reach damaging proportions. The receiver must be able to generate pressures of similar magnitude in order to cancel the intruding noise. The purpose of the work described here is to develop a systems model for the ANR earplug and employ that model to evaluate a variety of driver configurations that employ both electrostatic and electromagnetic transduction as a basis for fabrication and testing of candidate drivers in Phase II.

LASAIR DESIGN 4747 Oceanside Blvd. Suites J & K Oceanside, CA 92056
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 724-6576 Mr. Rene Brown AF 05-059 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	MEMs Co-located Integrated Microphone/Earphone for Active Noise Reduction
Abstract:	An innovative approach for a hearing aid with active noise cancellation. A microphone that performs frequency spectrum analyzation during acoustic signal detection is proposed. The device would be low cost to manufacture and able to be integrated with a low power actuator on a similar substrate. The system is proposed with colocated driver and CMOS processing electronics. The sensing of the signal would be insensitive to amplifier variations by using a fast sampling amplifier operating in a sigma delta mode. An adaptive filter is proposed for the active noise cancellation. The sensing of all the frequencies would be performed by a single ratiometric source multiplexing the input to create a time multiplex input of the data to the signal processor.

RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 329-3700 Mr. John F Kline AF 05-059 Awarded: 20APR05
Title:	A Microformed Magnet-Based Microphone/Speaker Array for Active Noise Reduction
Abstract:	Research Support Instruments, Inc. (RSI) proposes to develop a MEMS microspeaker/ microphone array for use in active noise reduction (ANR). Micromachined pressure transducers using piezoresistive or capacitive sensing techniques are well developed; this project will instead develop a magnetic microphone. Magnet-based microphones in macroscale technologies have advantages in sensitivity, bandwidth, and ruggedness; similar advantages can be expected on the microscale. The same technology will be used to develop a microspeaker. RSI has an innovative technology to develop micromagnets; using micromagnets in both the microphones and the speakers will ease integration of the two circuits, and take advantage of both technologies. The Phase I program will involve design, fabrication, and test of magnet-based MEMS microphones and speakers to determine their sensitivity, speaker amplitude, ruggedness, and bandwidth. RSI will use its experience in silicon nitride membranes, micromagnets, and pressure sensors to employ a highly innovative microfabricated technology - the magnetic MEMS speaker/microphone array - in order to develop speakers and microphones with a combination of sensitivity and speaker amplitude previously unattained by MEMS-sized devices.

SEGMODE TECHNOLOGIES 24332 Acaso, #6 Laguna Hills, CA 92656
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 705-9041 Dr. Mark Bachman AF 05-059 Awarded: 02MAY05
Title:	Feedback-controlled multifrequency MEMS for active noise cancellation
Abstract:	This proposal seeks to explore the use of a multi-resonator, directional MEMS microphone as an enabling technology for ANC ear plugs. The basic strategy is to use force-balanced feedback of the MEMS transducer into an adjacent speaker to produce zero noise at the MEMS transducer in sub-bands of interest. This strategy does NOT employ the use of a DSP, making it a potentially powerful technology for ANC ear plugs.

DISPLAYTECH, INC. 2602 Clover Basin Drive Longmont, CO 80503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 772-2191 Dr. Mark A. Handschy AF 05-060 Awarded: 09MAY05
Title:	Helmet Mounted Image Source/Display for Tactical Air Combat Operations
Abstract:	We propose development of innovative head-mounted display (HMD) imagers that combine a commercially-proven technology with performance characteristics that would let a single display product serve a wide range of military HMD applications. Our HMDs are based on low-voltage/fast-switching ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (FLCOS) display panels with LED illumination. This combination enables HMDs with the following distinguishing characteristics: (a) all-digital gray-scale with integrated drive electronics including programmable gamma control and refresh-free display of stored images and (b) ultra-high brightness up to 30,000 fL and beyond. These characteristics enable single-chip, low-power HMD image-generation systems in compact packages with few-wire cable interconnects. The Phase I effort will demonstrate an ultra-high brightness 1280 x 1024 full-color laboratory-prototype HMD. Through the design, fabrication, and characterization of a CMOS test chip, it will also prove the feasibility of an innovative all-digital gray-scale pixel architecture providing the foundation for one-chip HMDs with resolution roadmap driven by Moore's Law from 1280 ' 1024 to 2K ' 2K.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Tin Aye AF 05-060 Awarded: 09MAY05
Title:	Parallel Reconfigured Line Image Scanning Miniature Super-High-Resolution Light Engine
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Air Force need for an innovative core image source technology for high performance helmet mounted displays, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposed to develop a novel full color super high resolution high luminance miniature head mounted display (HMD) based on line image scanning of laser illumination, a high speed liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) display, holographic optics, and a simple one-dimensional scanner. The proposed approach offers superior resolution (5k x 4k pixels) from a relatively low resolution LCOS, taking advantage of its high refresh speed and only using relatively slow line image scanning. The proposed technology is made commercially attractive by its unique integration of available commercial components and low cost fabrication techniques. The effort will focus on developing a compact Parallel Reconfigured Line Image Scanning Miniature (PRISM) display demonstration unit in which commercially available LCOS microdisplays will be integrated with compact laser diodes and POC's 2D-image-to-1D-line-image transforming optical element to generate color sequential full resolution images for current U.S. Air Force HMDs. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach through computer design, performance analysis, and an experimental proof-of-concept demonstration, so that in Phase II we can build a brassboard prototype HMD miniature display.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Dr. Charles J. Cohen, Ph.D. AF 05-061 Awarded: 19APR05
Title:	Multi-Modal Hands-Free Interface for Aircraft Maintainers
Abstract:	We propose a hands-free data entry system to be used by Air Force aircraft maintenance personnel in noisy environments. To mitigate the noise sensitivity of voice recognition systems, we propose using simultaneous methods of input including voice, non-interfering gestures, facial feature extraction, and workspace analysis to disambiguate user focus of intention.Cybernet is ideally suited to do this work because of our corporate focus on man/machine interfaces, our current work creating aircraft maintenance aids, and our previous work with all of the component technologies including voice recognition, gestures, facial feature extraction, and real-time image processing.

TOTAL QUALITY SYSTEMS, INC. 1990 West 2550 South Ogden, UT 84401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 731-2150 Mr. Kevin Berk AF 05-061 Awarded: 22APR05
Title:	Hands Free Data Collection for Aircraft Maintainers
Abstract:	Hands-free access to maintenance, logistics, and emerging IT Systems will enhance the ability of maintainers to concentrate on performing critical aircraft maintenance functions without being interrupted to physically enter or retrieve maintenance data. The focus of this research project will be systematic and emphasize the integration of innovative, cutting-edge technologies that provide effective, efficient, and transparent maintenance data capture and information feedback to the flight-line technician while improving the accuracy of maintenance data collected. Input technologies to be evaluated will include haptic devices, and devices that track movement, such as head-trackers, eye-trackers, and magnetic or optical motion trackers. Effective human-computer interaction techniques to "attentive environments" will also be considered, such as multi-modal input methods that will include avatar and agent data translation taxonomies. This technology should also be able to withstand the noise, vibration, and generally harsh environment of the flightline. The concept of this Phase I research project will enable interoperability with existing legacy logistic systems, as well as the future autonomic logistics systems of the F-35.

DYNAMIC EYE, INC. 243 Brantwood Road Amherst, NY 14226
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 837-5499 Dr. Christopher Mullin AF 05-064 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Segmented Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal TFB Glasses
Abstract:	Surface mode nematic liquid crystal light shutters have previously been shown to supply sufficient switching speeds and optical densities to serve as thermal flash blindness (TFB) protection shields. Ferroelectric liquid crystal light shutters exhibit similar switching speeds and contrast ratios to surface mode nematics. In addition, ferroelectric liquid crystals shutters are bistable, so they can be employed in a multiplexed, segmented array of pixels. Segmented ferroelectric shields would improve the operational effectiveness of the aircrew by only darkening the portion of the shields between the operator's pupils and the blinding light source while leaving the remainder of the field of view unaffected. This proposal demonstrates the feasibility of segmented ferroelectric liquid crystal flash blindness shields by assembling a specialized segmented sensor, a microcontroller, driver circuitry, and ferroelectric shields into a proof-of-principle prototype. The prototype is tested for response time, switching speed, viewing angle, and spectral characteristics. Segmented shields would have an impact far beyond TFB protection. Configured as sunglasses, they would revolutionize glare protection throughout the military by improving visual acuity and curtailing eyestrain due to glare.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Alexander Parfenov AF 05-064 Awarded: 02MAY05
Title:	Flexible Liquid Crystal Eye Protection System
Abstract:	The Air Force is seeking goggle for aircrew eye protection against high intensity, rapid-onset thermal flashes such as from nuclear blasts. Existing protective devices are heavy, bulky, and logistically unsupportable. To overcome these limitations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Flexible LIquid crystal eye Protection (FLIP) system based on high speed electro-optical effects in liquid crystals (LC) on flexible substrates. Protective devices based on FLIP system technology will have a large dynamic range (switching transmission from 20% in the open state to an attenuation density of 3, a change of more than a thousand times, and a high switching speed (within 100 microseconds). It will be stable despite nearby radar radiation, and resistant to false alarms from natural events such as lightning and reflection of sunlight from clouds, sea surfaces, etc. In addition, it will be lightweight and compact, with a wide viewing angle, made possible by new liquid crystal technology and commercial display development. Phase I will culminate in proof of the feasibility of the proposed design by experimentally building a working model and testing it. In Phase II a FLIP system will be developed for testing at an Air Force site.

SYTRONICS, INC. 4433 Dayton-Xenia Road, Building 1 Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 431-6110 Mr. Jeff S. Collier AF 05-065 Awarded: 02MAY05
Title:	DYNAMO--Dynamic Network Analysis and Monitoring Agency
Abstract:	A DMO network topology is critical to the proper operation of distributed training exercises. The ad-hoc nature of most simulation networks provides a measure of flexibility but at the expense of easily quantifiable performance characteristics. There are many commercial tools that address network performance. Unfortunately, solutions targeted at industry are based on an office model and not a DMO training simulation network model. As such, they are able to ignore two important characteristics that must be addressed with a DMO system: (1) the need for an embedded measurement system to have negligible impact on the network particularly at critical points in the simulation, and (2) the need for the measurement system to adapt to rapidly-changing network topography and the effect of a particular simulation on the network performance. SYTRONICS proposes to develop an embedded network monitoring system, utilizing multi-agent design that can be used to efficiently measure and optimize the interactive performance of entities within and across DMO training simulations. The intelligent agents are distributed, highly-configurable, capable of integrating information at a high level from various sources, and unobtrusive to the networks on which it is deployed.

VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY CORP. 5510 Cherokee Ave, Suite 350 Alexandria, VA 22312
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 333-6205 Mr. Stephen Berglie AF 05-065 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Network Health Monitoring and Diagnosis for Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) Training
Abstract:	The promise of simulation to make training more effective, reduce cost, and increase operational readiness is nowhere more apparent than in Air Force Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) training simulations. With increased complexity in simulation systems, particularly in distributed environments, it is necessary to ensure simulator system performance does not negatively impact training transfer. Under this research effort, Virtual Technology Corporation will design and prototype an embedded network monitoring and diagnosis system that can efficiently measure and optimize the interactive performance of entities within and across DMO simulations. This tool, called Distributed Mission Operations - Networked Simulation Training Remediation Automation Tool (DMO-NSTRAT), will provide a fully integrated, real-time, simulation performance monitoring and measurement capability, compatible with current DIS and HLA standards to support operation within a DMO. This will permit engineers and training researchers to understand the linkage between simulation performance and training effectiveness, display relevant entity attributes, and display performance information in a format that is easy to understand and allows pinpointing of potential simulation performance and training issues. This research builds upon VTC's considerable expertise and experience in distributed simulation design and infrastructure and our capable federation management and control, data collection and analysis, and enterprise management tools and technologies.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2489 Ms. Jeanine Ayers AF 05-066 Awarded: 25APR05
Title:	Role Based Real-Time Virtual Collaborative Toolkit for TST
Abstract:	Military operations are transitioning from a platform-centric (or unit-oriented) approach to a network-centric (or enterprise-oriented) architecture. This architecture will provide decision makers with unprecedented amounts of information. However, information availability alone is insufficient to attain the timeliness demanded by operations. What is needed is the right information to the right person at the right time. To achieve this, we must manage the flow of information within distributed collaborative environments. The Air Force environment presents particular challenges such as complexity, dynamism and integration, to the application of traditional workflow management systems. We propose an alternative solution which will accommodate complex, dynamic environments. The overall approach is twofold. First, emphasize role-based, local decision making which decentralizes the process and contributes to an increase in efficiency. Second, develop a smart INTEL object that encapsulates state information and contributes to a more secure and flexible system. The approach will use intelligent agents in conjunction with human input to facilitate workflow decisions.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Subrata K. Das AF 05-066 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	Toolkit for Role-aware Exchange of Knowledge
Abstract:	Real-time collaboration often involves fluid, dynamic assignment of responsibilities within a community of users. As a task develops, users are asked to fulfill a variety of roles that shape their interaction with the system. Each role may have different information needs, possibilities for action, and skill requirements. However, existing collaborative software does not generally take into account the role(s) a user is fulfilling when the interaction of the system is designed; additionally, systems that do provide tailored, role-specific interfaces do not provide capabilities for fluid role membership, role creation, or on-the-fly transitioning of roles from user to user. To address these concerns, we propose developing a Toolkit for Role-aware Exchange of Knowledge (TREK), supporting development of collaborative, real-time, role-based information-sharing systems. Our target domain for the Phase I work will be Time-sensitive Targeting, a complex real-time task domain involving a variety of interrelated roles and numerous sources of noisy and uncertain information. The domain offers challenges to the users in making decisions, building a consensus, and executing fateful tasks in a rapid, effective fashion. TREK will make use of in-house expertise in knowledge modeling, user modeling, and information presentation to provide cutting-edge technological solutions to these complexities.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 495-7969 Mr. Thomas Resha AF 05-069 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Grid-Group Cm-alpha, Profiling Cultural Factors for Decision Aiding
Abstract:	Culturally diverse people are now participating in military multinational coalition applications as well as in extreme environments - once the province of American males drawn from a relatively homogenous cultural pool. Human biases and routines, capabilities and limitations strongly influence overall system performance; whether during operations or in simulations using models of humans. Many missions and environments challenge human capabilities (e.g., combat stress, waiting, fatigue, or long tours of duty). The capability to measure and model individual human performance is important, but mission, team, and relationships add a very important dimension. A team that consists of a culturally diverse group requires performance measures for measuring the group's performance in command and control centers. 21st Century Systems, Inc is pleased to propose an approach that is based on social components of a grid-group model for the representation of culture, a coherence-based model of cultural change, and a rational actor model given particular cultural values and beliefs. We make the case that Grid-group and military physiological variables represented can be modeled as stresses in simulated multidimensional volume producing strain as a measurement. To bring together the disparate military factors we start visualization of the models using a stress-strain analogy from theoretical physics.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Michael D. Silver AF 05-069 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Identifying Cultural Factors Relevant to Human Behavior Modeling and Simulation
Abstract:	Current models used in military simulations generally do not include representations of human behavior that vary realistically between humans of different cultures. This lack of realism has the potential to result in tragic consequences for US military personnel and others through, for example, inappropriate planning or being inaccurately trained to anticipate an opponent's reaction to a particular military action. In Phase I we will gather data from existing studies (translated as necessary when conducted in other cultures) and perform several meta-analyses to quantitatively summarize the influence of cultural variables (e.g., individualism and collectivism) on other high-priority variables of interest to military modelers (e.g., the relationship between stress and team or individual decision-making). The combined effect sizes identified through these meta-analyses will allow the explicit comparison of the relative strengths of selected cultural variables on the effects that are investigated. The results of these meta-analyses would be used in Phase II to develop statistically-valid models of the effects of interest that for the first time accurately take into account cultural variation. Additionally, the quantitative review work conducted in Phase I will result in the identification of existing data gaps and will serve as highly-focused guides to future research on high-priority effects.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Justin Boesel AF 05-069 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Simulation of Cultural Identities for Prediction of Reactions-(SCIPR)
Abstract:	A central challenge for the U.S. armed services lies not in fighting nation-state armed forces, but in dealing with more irregular forces. The glue that holds many of these forces together and motivates them to fight is a common belief system, or shared cultural identity. Hence, it is essential to grapple with cultural identities and cultural issues. This is difficult because cultural identities are neither monolithic nor static. An individual person can have multiple cultural identities because he or she belongs to a number of different groups. Cultural identities are also dynamic. To address these difficulties, we propose to create the Simulation of Cultural Identities for Prediction of Reactions (SCIPR) system. SCIPR is a set of analysis methods and a simulation modeling tool that combines a method for determining relevant cultural identities with an agent-based simulation tool to predict responses to U.S. courses of action (COAs). SCIPR draws on cultural anthropology to understand how cultural identities are defined and how they may change over time in response to events and actions, and employs agent-based modeling to simulate these dynamics and predict responses to COAs.

SMART INFORMATION FLOW TECHNOLOGIES, D/B/A SIFT 211 N 1st St., Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(612) 716-4015 Dr. Christopher A. Miller AF 05-069 Awarded: 19APR05
Title:	Cultural Etiquette and its Impact on Directive Human Performance
Abstract:	We argue that traditional definitions of cultural factors (e.g., Hofstede, Nisbett, etc.) are too abstract to provide good, predictive models of important human performance behaviors. Instead, we propose examination of culture-specific "etiquette" as a more concrete and quantifiable bridge between abstract cultural factors and human performance regarding compliance with issued directives. We describe a quantitative, computational model of etiquette and face threat perceptions that we are developed under other funding. We propose to integrate abstract cultural factors models into our quantitative etiquette model in the form of specific, hypothesized weighting factors, and then validate and tune these factors via a series of human performance experiments in a testbed that we will design in phase I and construct in phase II. Experiments will involve human task performance in a militarily-relevant domain where directives are given. Experimenters will select participants for cultural factors and will quantitatively control the level of etiquette of the directives. Relevant compliance data (e.g., accuracy, response time, attitudes, etc.) will be collected as a dependent variable. While we will select a testbed simulation and domain as a part of Phase I, candidates already exist in aviation cockpit interactions, multi-cultural air traffic control, and joint force urban stability operations.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 26 Castilian Drive, Suite B Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-3302 Mr. Sam Boykin AF 05-070 Awarded: 19APR05
Title:	Decision Support Technologies for Logistics Readiness Center
Abstract:	This proposed research combines Frontier Technology, Inc.'s AFSPC and decision aide experience along with Synergy's insight and knowledge of the Virtual Space Logistics Readiness Center (VSLRC) to develop and demonstrate a decision support system that predicts ground support failures before they occur and their operational impact. The existing VSLRC, an interactive system that increases support to the space systems surface-fighter by providing access to near real-time system operational and equipment status and linking logistics data to its impact on operational readiness, will be the demonstration platform. The FTI/Synergy Team will model the reliability of system components and provide a probability of system failure based on system components and their relationship to the function of the system as well as the impact to the overall mission. The Phase I research effort will determine the feasibility of developing the algorithms into a prototype capability and then integrate PC-based reliability evaluations and decision support tools into a support environment with which analysts can evaluate operational readiness of the system(s). This effort will provide for the space community with real-time access to ground-support space systems' health and operational status data which will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of sustainment and logistic activities.

QUALTECH SYSTEMS, INC. 100 Great Meadow Rd., Suite 501 Wethersfield, CT 06109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 257-8014 Dr. Amit Mathur AF 05-070 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Decision Support Technologies for Logistics Readiness Center
Abstract:	Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI) proposes to develop a comprehensive software environment for evaluating space system designs for mission reliability, supportability, and diagnostics (Integrated Health Management) performance. In addition to providing the capabilities to identify single points of failure and to estimate the probability of system failure as a function of the age of the system's components, the software tool set will enable system engineers to model complex and evolving system designs, trace design decisions, assess the system/mission reliability and availability, and perform a suite of analyses in support of performance enhancement. Specifically, the objectives of the software environment are to: (1) identify and model potential failure modes of a space system, (2) estimate the system reliability and the impact of the failure rates of the single point failures have on the overall reliability of the space system, (3) evaluate the mission reliability taking into account the interactions among different systems, and (4) incorporate system reliability in maintenance scheduling decisions. While Phase I will address algorithmic requirements and feasibility, Phase II will focus on tool development and integration needs with the Air Force Space Command's Virtual Space Logistics Readiness Center.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Michael Paley AF 05-071 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	The Resource for Applied Cognitive Engineering - (TRACE)
Abstract:	Future C4ISR capabilities must provide warfighters with the abilities to clearly and comprehensively understand the battlespace and quickly decide on appropriate courses of action. Future systems must account for the cognitive capabilities and limitations of users, giving warfighters the ability to truly "leverage asymmetric advantages". Better, faster decision making by warfighters is the ultimate goal; developing new systems that will support the warfighters in reaching this goal is part of the solution. Traditional systems engineering practices do not expressly consider cognitive factors, consider them but underestimate their importance, or consider them too late in the design process. Cognitive engineering methods must be embedded within the systems engineering process, but their application to systems design is still a difficult, risky process. Intelligent designers with the best of intentions can create a system that is hopelessly unusable for its users. Even designers with knowledge of usability pitfalls can develop a system that does not support its users. We propose developing The Resource for Applied Cognitive Engineering (TRACE), a web-based resource to be used in conjunction with the current Defense Acquisition System. By embedding cognitive engineering processes into systems engineering practices, TRACE will help bridge these gaps between these two disciplines.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz AF 05-071 Awarded: 25APR05
Title:	A System for Facilitating Interaction Between Cognitive Engineers And System Engineers (FIBEA)
Abstract:	As today's military adapts to meet new challenges, a concomitant change in perspectives about technology acquisition has occurred. Central to this evolving viewpoint is the need for increasingly human-centric support systems, developed with traditional Systems Engineering (SE) processes, but incorporating Cognitive Engineering (CE) principles and practices. To support the coupling of these engineering approaches, we propose to develop and prototype a system for Facilitating Interaction Between Cognitive Engineering And System Engineering (FIBEA). Three core components characterize our approach. First, we will devise a common spiral engineering process incorporating SE and CE approaches to ensure acceptability in both communities. Second, we will develop methods for dynamically: (1) translating the requirements produced by the CE process into concrete system requirements; and (2) translating the system's functional capabilities and limitations into implications for the cognitive system design. Third, we will prototype a software system that provides this translation functionality, along with displays and interfaces designed for both cognitive and system engineers. We will leverage our team's expertise in both SE and CE practices to develop the common engineering process and the supporting FIBEA system, and will demonstrate the application of the process to the development of command and control decision-support software.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 277-9288 Dr. Jennifer Fowlkes AF 05-071 Awarded: 04MAY05
Title:	Joint Systems Engineering Methodology (JSEM)
Abstract:	Systems Development (SD) processes demonstrate a need for improvement, particularly to increase the frequency with which systems succeed in real world settings. Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) offers numerous principles, methods, and tools that are well-suited to addressing areas in which SD is currently most weak (e.g., handling complexity and supporting the design phase). In response to this opportunity, CHI Systems, Inc. proposes to develop CogLink, an SD model that integrates strengths of existing SD models with relevant CSE practices. The proposed Phase I effort will focus on the development of Command and Control, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C2ISR) technologies. To derive the CogLink model, we propose to conduct a documentation analysis and case-based interviews with SD and acquisitions professionals to identify obstacles and affordances associated with current SD models; assess CSE methods as they address the obstacles and the identified opportunities; and develop a structured representation of C2ISR systems acquisition processes. The resulting Phase I products will include the CogLink model for an integrated SD process, recommendations for developing and adapting methods and tools contained within CogLink, and a structured plan for developing CogLink during the Phase II effort

DEAL CORP. 131 North Walnut Street Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 767-1366 Mr. Steven Deal AF 05-071 Awarded: 23APR05
Title:	Embedding Cognitive Systems into Systems Engineering Practice
Abstract:	Cognitive engineering when integrally practiced with systems engineering, enriches both the human and the equipment sides of interfaces to improve situational awareness, speed information to the warfighter, and enabling more rapid decision-making. The design of highly effective human-equipment interfaces requires specification of the information required by operators as well as the equipment's components that provide the information. A process that provides Cognitive Systems Engineers (CSE) with a full-scope perspective of the hardware, software and human components can impact the equipment and the human interface to enhance human cognitive performance. This work investigates the feasibility of a model cognitive engineering-systems engineering process. It breaks down the DoD acquisition process and attributes of system types to identify information-driven entry points for the methodologies of cognitive engineering. It identifies the CSE influence sphere. A requirements set is developed from these. A draft model process results. Cognitive engineering techniques are matched to informational entry points to identify opportunities for integration, new technique requirements, and 3) implementation barriers. Technique inputs are compared with systems engineering products to determine discipline interfaces and remove process redundancy. A panel of cognitive and systems engineers reviews the model process with techniques. A Phase II maturation plan is developed.

KLEIN ASSOC., INC. 1750 Commerce Center Blvd. North Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 873-8166 Dr. Thomas E. Miller AF 05-071 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	CSE-I: Integrating Cognitive Systems Engineering Within the Systems Engineering Life Cycle
Abstract:	Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) extends the concept of Systems Engineering (SE) with the intent of presenting a framework for engineering systems to support and extend human cognitive capabilities. Unfortunately, the two disciplines, CSE and SE, are rarely coordinated in practice. Both share a common goal of designing and developing complex systems of people and technology that get the job done well. Having been developed to this point by different communities, these endeavors have focused on different priorities. There is some overlap in concerns, processes, tools, and representations, but not yet a pleasing harmony. We will integrate CSE approaches into the appropriate phases and products of the Systems Engineering lifecycle. We will begin by refining our initial list of barriers to the integration of CSE within SE, assessing best practices of the current CSE approaches on the market, and developing a model process for integration which features the constant coordination and iterative change management principles of Agile Development (AD). We have assembled a team well-versed in a variety of CSE approaches, systems engineers from Northrop Grumman Information Technology (NGIT) which holds SEI CMM-I level 5 certification, and Dr. Alistair Cockburn, an expert methodologist and pioneer in AD to create an innovative multi-disciplinary team.

GENEGO, INC. 500 Renaissance Dr. Ste. 106 Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(269) 983-7629 Dr. Andrej Bugrim AF 05-073 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Developing Bioinformatics Tools for Proteomics Research
Abstract:	We propose to develop an analytical system for import, visualization and comprehensive network analysis of proteomics data. Proteomics data will be integrated with other datasets relevant for the same biological system, and compared in the framework of biological networks. The system will be based on our existing comprehensive database of human protein-protein interactions MetaBase, the toolkit for visualization and computational analysis of biological networks MetaCore and the medicinal chemistry tool MetaDrug. The new platform will be capable of recognition and incorporation of proteomics data of different formats and aligning them with microarrays gene expression, DNA sequences, metabolomic data and human diseases. On the next step, we will develop and validate algorithms and methodology for identification of biological networks from the assembled data. When developed, the new platform will have a broad range of applications in drug discovery, bio- and chemical defense and academic research in several disciplines.

NUVERA BIOSCIENCES, INC. 400 West Cummings Park, Suite 2850 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 938-3844 Dr. Christos Hatzis AF 05-073 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Developing Bioinformatics Tools for Proteomics Research
Abstract:	In this program, Nuvera Biosciences, proposes a practical approach to connect diverse molecular events monitored at the genomic and proteomic level. The objective of the proposed project is to develop a much-needed framework to facilitate construction of molecular pathways of pathological or physiological responses from relevant large-scale archived data. Although data repositories are available today for accessing and processing the information generated from genome-wide research, none of these resources offers a complete, integrated view of the data that is crucial for analysis and understanding the relationships between genes and proteins. In the absence of such infrastructure, the research data generated through large-scale gene and protein expression efforts are likely to produce incomplete or inaccurate molecular pathways of response and derive limited benefit in understanding the biological underpinnings of physiologic stress responses. In Phase I, we propose develop a methodology and prototype for integrating information-rich repositories, with gene expression and proteomic-level measurements to facilitate elucidation of physiological-response pathways. The prototype Phase I effort aims at an analytic framework to help visualize upstream and downstream pathway effects and key molecular effectors of a monitored phenomenon irrespective of whether the critical effects are at the genomic or proteomic level.

SEIRAD, INC. 3900 Paseo del Sol Santa Fe, NM 87507
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 438-1881 Dr. Callum Bell AF 05-073 Awarded: 03MAY05
Title:	Developing Bioinformatics Tools for Proteomics Research
Abstract:	High throughput proteomics and genomics methods have gained widespread acceptance as ways of monitoring global changes in gene transcription and translation in response to environmental changes. While quantification and identification of mRNA and protein is now routine, software is still required to relate expression patterns to broader biological phenomena. Specifically, given an mRNA or protein expression experiment, can the observed changes be used to make inferences about events upstream and downstream of the point in time that the experiment represents? We propose to develop software that that helps researchers predict what cellular and molecular events may have preceded a given expression profile, and what events may follow, including physiological changes, and pathological and clinical conditions. This will be done by integrating a set of highly-respected, human-curated data sources in biology and medicine, and developing a software inference engine that mines this data resource for associations. Predicted upstream and downstream events will be displayed graphically, in a browsable format wherein the user directs the line of inquiry through the data.

SEVEN PEBBLES CORP. 57 Brentwood Circle Needham, MA 02492
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 223-6508 Dr. John Zhang AF 05-073 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Bioinformatics Software for Proteomics Research
Abstract:	The overall objective of this project is to develop an innovative bioinformatics software to aid in the analysis and interpretation of proteomics data. The software is capable of quantifying and interpreting complex and time-dependent global changes in various biological pattern profiles. It will identify the links between protein expression changes with upstream and downstream events in the context of biological pathways. Phase I effort will be focused on defining and developing the software concept that will be used to identify or link to databases that identify altered protein expression. The feasibility for further development will be demonstrated by a prototype system on PC. Protein expression and post-translational modification data such as protein arrays, LC/MS and gel electrophoresis (1-D or 2-D) data will be used to identify protein expression changes. The proteomics data will be integrated with gene expression data and metabolomics/metabonomics data to identify the molecular events up- and down-stream of these protein changes in the pathways involved in the cellular response to the external insults.

YAHSGS LLC 182 Bradley Blvd. Richland, WA 99352
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 946-9686 Mr. Anthony Knepp AF 05-073 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Bioinformatics Tools for Proteomics Research
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to create bioinformatics software that will rapidly and accurately search and mine proteomics-related information from multiple databases and relate the expression of proteins to upstream or downstream events. The proposed product will link upstream and downstream data to those from multiple biotechnologies (e.g., two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, microarray), as well as other files such as ADMET (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology) resources, and present results in a form that will help researchers to understand biologically-significant molecular responses. We propose a web-based proteomics discovery tool using intelligent agents with enhanced search capability based on a semantic similarity measure between ontology terms which takes into account the semantic, syntactic, and structural information available in protein databases. Using the similarity measure, weighted links are induced across ontologies from the textual description, biomedical references, and protein sequences associated with those in protein databases. This approach will make it possible to capture similarities that arise from orthogonal, but de facto closely related, ontology annotations, while resolving the problems of synonymy and polysemy. Intelligent agent technology will be used to continuously search databases for correlations and alert researchers when new relevant information is obtained.

EXCITON, INC. 400 Linden Ave. Dayton, OH 45403
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 252-2989 Dr. Paul Cahill AF 05-074 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Laser Eye Protection Contact Lens
Abstract:	Exciton demonstrated that two classes of Exciton's laser eye protection (LEP) dyes (absorbers) can be doped into soft contact lenses to useful optical densities. There was no obvious haze or distortion of the scripted contact lenses used for these experiments. The successful integration of dyes into a soft contact also suggests how other LEP dyes for additional wavelength of interest might be modified for incorporation into soft contact lenses to high OD. LEP dyes have also been incorporated into rigid gas permeable (RGP) materials. The technical proposal includes a detailed work plan.

NANOSPECTRA BIOSCIENCES, INC. 8285 El Rio Street, Ste 130 Houston, TX 77054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(713) 842-2720 Dr. Joseph B Jackson AF 05-074 Awarded: 09MAY05
Title:	Nanoshell-Based Near-Infrared Blocking Contact Lens
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal involves the design of a contact lens that will provide nanoparticle-based protection from high intensity near-infrared illumination. The near-infrared protection is provided by embedding a new class of optically tunable nanoparticles, called nanoshells, within the contact lens. Nanoshells consist of a non-conducting core surrounded by a thin metal shell. This structure allows the particle to be designed to extinguish target wavelengths of light throughout the visible and infrared spectrum. Our preliminary review of "off the shelf" nanoshells indicates a substantial level of feasibility can already be demonstrated. In separate work, nanoshells have been demonstrated to be relatively inexpensive to manufacture and have a high safety profile when used in vivo. We believe the proposed technology will provide a high luminance transmission while delivering protection in the region of 670 nm to 1200 nm. Additionally, we believe that our plasmon resonant nanostructures embedded in contact lenses will have no haze, distortion, aberration, prism, or artifacts that impair visual performance or create distractions in the visual field and will not disturb desired contact lens properties such as oxygen permeability or wettability.

REVEO, INC. 3 Westchester Plaza Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 345-9555 Dr. Bunsen Fan AF 05-074 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Contact Lens with Selective Reflection for Laser Eye Protection
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research project is to develop and commercialize contact lenses for laser eye protection (LEP). LEP is achieved by incorporating a thin, flexible, polymeric reflecting film on or within the lens. The film can be incorporated on soft lenses made from hydrogel materials, as well as "rigid" or "hard" lenses, including gas permeable lenses. This film is based on special polymers and is self-assembled to form a periodic structure. The film is engineered to reflect completely incident light in the far red and near infrared (670 nm - 1,200 nm) regions, while remaining highly transparent (> 90%) elsewhere in the visible range. The film will be made with high optical quality, such that it does not impair visual performance or create distractions in the visual field. The film is also processed to be nanoporous for exceptionally high oxygen permeability, thereby increasing comfort for the lens wearer. Phase I will develop the LEP films and demonstrate the selective light-blocking capability of the contact lens with such films.

APPLIED SPECTRA P.O. Box 5049 Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 945-7753 Dr. Jong Yoo AF 05-075 Awarded: 09MAY05
Title:	Remote propellant residue detection using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR Phase I proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for detecting propellant residues (exploded and unexploded) on various surfaces (emphasis on clothes initially) that support shoulder-launched rockets. Applied Spectra will work with LIBS experts at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and an expert on high explosives (HE) from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Critical issues related to sensitivity and precision of analysis will be addressed in the experimental program.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 571-8660 Mr. Asher Gelbart AF 05-075 Awarded: 09MAY05
Title:	FLUOR-Scope
Abstract:	Remote detection of shoulder-fired rocket residues (SFRR) on enemy combatants is needed to discriminate enemy combatants from civilians in urban warfare environments. Arete Associates' FLUOR-Scope sensor concept utilizes thermal imaging and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy for identification of combatants that have recently fired shoulder fired rocket weapons. A miniature thermal camera is used for day/night video surveillance. A novel, low-power, eye-safe laser induced fluorescence spectrometer that is insensitive to ambient daylight irradiance is bore-sighted to the video imager and detects the presence of SFRR. Under the Phase I effort, Arete Associates will measure laser induced fluorescence spectra of SFRR on cloth samples to identify a unique fluorescence signature in the vis-NIR spectrum for SFRR. We will also team with Final Analysis Forensics to perform x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to characterize the constituents of SFRR. A conceptual design of the FLUOR-Scope will be performed that utilizes existing technologies to comprise a compact, low-cost, light-weight, battery operated, day/night sensor for identification of enemy combatants at standoff distances of a few to 10s of meters.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Stephen Kupiec AF 05-075 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	Visualization of Propellant Residues From Shoulder-Fired Rockets Upon Skin and Clothing
Abstract:	Shoulder launched missiles, particularly the RPG-7, constitute 50% of all casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Returning direct fire is difficult due to the insurgents use of crowds as cover. As a result, the Air Force requires a means of detecting propellant residue on skin and clothes in order to identify individuals who have recently fired rockets. In response to this need, MetroLaser, proposes the standoff optical acquisition propellant detection (SOAP-D) system based on a recently discovered photoluminescence effect which generates a sharp 705 nm emission in response to the vast majority of modern explosives and propellants, including the four major components of RPG propellant. The technique does not require contact or deposition of chemicals and can be used in real time over considerable distances. Initial testing using smokeless powder firearm discharge residue indicates that detection is possible under realistic conditions. The SOAP-D system will implement a rugged, portable, easy to use system for the detection of propellant residues. In Phase I, MetroLaser will obtain samples of propellant residue, evaluate and optimize the photoluminescent effect employed, and demonstrate an optical breadboard system capable of detecting operation over distances of several meters. Commercial applications include screening of baggage and parcels and forensics.

OPTON TECHNOLOGIES 1400 Main Street, Suite 1206 Columbia, SC 29201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(843) 814-2907 Dr. John C. Blackburn AF 05-075 Awarded: 10MAY05
Title:	Visualization of Propellant Residues From Shoulder-Fired Rockets Upon Skin and Clothing
Abstract:	Opton is developing an MOE-based solution to enable the warfighter to detect the residue from RPG launch propellant on the clothing of hostile combatants. Samples will be collected and analyzed to determine the feasibility of using optical processing to identify the residues of interest and to distinguish them from background signals from clothing, skin, and other materials.

GENEXPRESS INFORMATICS, INC. 13091 Ponds Springs Road, Suite 150 Austin, TX 78729
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 219-8588 Dr. Robert Chin AF 05-076 Awarded: 03MAR05
Title:	Multi-IMmmunotoxicity Assay System (MIMAS)
Abstract:	GeneXpress Informatics, Inc. (GXI) proposes to develop a Multi-IMmunotoxicity Assay System (MIMAS) based upon the Luminex Corporation (Austin, TX) xMAP system, a flexible analyzer based on the principles of flow cytometry. The proposed MIMAS will utilize three core technologies. The first is the Luminex xMAP microspheres, a family of 100 fluorescently dyed polystyrene microspheres that act as both the identifier and the solid surface to build the immunotoxic assays. The second is a handheld flow cytometry-based instrument, which integrates key xMAP detection components such as lasers, optics, advanced fluidics and high-speed digital signal processors. The third component is a disposal cartridge containing immuno-coded beads, assay incubation chambers and a flow cell. GXI and Dr. Claudia S. Miller of the University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC) will also identify immunotoxic biomarkers for bead assay development. In Phase I, GXI and Dr. Miller proposes to integrate immunotoxicity assays into a field portable MIMAS system. The Phase II program will result in a bench MIMAS prototype system for use in demonstrating the integration of these technology components. The envisioned MIMAS system will be used to assay human samples (i.e. blood, saliva, sweat).

PATHOLOGICS, LLC 625 Elmwood Avenue Rochester, NY 14618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 275-8396 Dr. Scott R. Horner AF 05-076 Awarded: 27APR05
Title:	Immunotoxicity Monitoring Method for Unknown Noxious Exposures (IMMUNE)
Abstract:	Even minute exposure to toxic substances elicits a marked immunological response, most notably the release of cytokine and chemokine markers into the blood. Thus, technologies capable of real-time detection and quantitation of key serum components could potentially serve as early warning systems to chemical exposure and aid in the diagnostic process. We have developed a highly sensitive optical technology, Reflective Interferometry (RI), which allows specific, rapid, and label-free detection of analytes (microgram to nanogram quantities) in complex molecular mixtures. These biosensors have been utilized for the detection of nucleic acids and protein markers that are indicative of human infection and disease. We have recently adapted the technology for use with antibody components as our capture agents, which as allowed us to significantly broaden our application arena and the biomarkers in which we target.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Mitchell R. Zakin AF 05-076 Awarded: 27APR05
Title:	Immunotoxicity Monitoring Method for Unknown Noxious Exposures (IMMUNE)
Abstract:	In this proposal we describe the development of a technology (nanoCyl) that can assay multiple protein biomarkers in small sample volume physiological fluids. It offers the potential for a novel immune assessment tool that can be deployed in the field for the rapid assessment of exposure of troops to a wide range of toxic agents. Proof of concept for the technology will be provided through the measurement of cytokine/chemokine expression profiles that characterize the immune system response to respiratory tract pathogens, through collaboration with Dr. Wayne Ensign of the Naval Health Research Center. A model profiling system will be demonstrated that will assay TNF-alpha and IL-1beta with an analyte detection sensitivity of < 10 pg/ml and a coefficient of variation of < 20%. This detection sensitivity is consistent with the changes in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels secreted into sputum. A subsequent Phase II project would involve the development of a prototype system suitable for deployment in the field.

SPORIAN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 515 Courtney Way Suite B Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 516-9075 Dr. Kevin Harsh AF 05-076 Awarded: 28APR05
Title:	Handheld Biomonitoring Device for Estimating the Adverse Health Effects of Noxious Exposures
Abstract:	Environmental monitoring is not always an adequate method to evaluate human exposure to toxic chemicals. There exists a need for a biomonitoring device to measure immunotoxicity and exposure to toxic industrial chemicals and materials in the body fluids of military personnel. Chemicals concern include: common heavy metals (lead, uranium, cadmium), industrial compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes), and agricultural pesticides (pyrethrins, organophosphates). The objective of the proposed work is to develop an immunoassay-based biomonitoring device similar in size in function to a Personal Digital Assistant. The proposed immunoassay approach allows for a potentially small, low cost, highly selective biomarker detection system for immunotoxicity monitoring. The system will include signal conditioning circuitry, a human interface, and replaceable and expandable immunoassay based sensor elements. Work will concentrate on evaluation of potential molecular detection elements and supports, evaluation and demonstration on potential optical sensor configurations of which there are several, and evaluation and development of the signal conditioning, display, and human interface hardware. Phase I efforts will focus on sensing representative biomarkers in order to demonstrate the concept. Later work will expand the detection capabilities to a wider range of biomarkers as a broad immunotoxicity indicator .

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Dr. Frank Adelstein AF 05-077 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	CYDEST: CYber DEfense Simulation Trainer
Abstract:	As the level of conflict increases in the new battlefield of our nation's infosphere, the demand for better training of cyber security professionals is critical. In response, a small number of efforts have attempted to provide network defense training simulators to prepare students for real-world conditions. Most of these early efforts have fallen short of the mark, generally by oversimplifying their simulations and thereby providing only a basic level of instruction. ATC-NY envisions a modular cyber defense simulation framework that will allow for a level of detail previously only achievable using real networks. We will use this framework to create CYber DEfense Simulation Trainer (CYDEST), a training simulator designed to provide students with a realistic and dynamic training experience and to give trainers a flexible instruction platform that allows them to teach at any level. CYDEST will incorporate a number of innovations, including (1) an automated evaluation facility, (2) simulation of hosts as well as the network itself, (3) a realistic and unrestricted training interface, and (4) remote accessibility to students.

MILCORD LLC 1050 Winter Street , Suite 1000 #10008 Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 905-1486 Dr. Alper Caglayan AF 05-077 Awarded: 29APR05
Title:	An Attack Graph Simulation Approach to Cyber Defense Training
Abstract:	With increasing levels of vulnerabilities, exploits, worms, viruses, and the increasing sophistication of the attacker profile, the training of security personnel is essential in the protection of DoD infrastructure and mission critical information assets. Here we propose an attack graph simulation approach to cyber defense training. In the vulnerability assessment area, attack graphs create a graphical structured model to describe the ways in which a system may be compromised. By using network topology based graph attack simulations that are synched with a vulnerability dictionary, students will be able to understand the ways in which computer networks will be attacked, determine the likelihood and impact of these attacks and decide what action to take where the risks are unacceptable. Our attack graph simulation approach captures attackers' techniques and multi-stage decision processes to develop a vulnerability assessment picture for the student. Our approach will be able to display domain expert's decisions both visually as attack maps and textually as reports to guide students towards achieving the same. In Phase I, we will design, analyze and demonstrate the feasibility of an attack graph simulation approach to cyber defense training by developing student, teacher and curriculum models.

SKAION CORP. 51 Middlesex Street, Suite 114 North Chelmsford, MA 01863
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 396-1095 Mr. Sam Gorton AF 05-077 Awarded: 26APR05
Title:	Using Realistic Network Traffic to Create a High-Fidelity Training Environment
Abstract:	Skaion proposes to create an automated training system using realistic network traffic (whether stored, replayed, or generated using Skaion's existing Traffic Generation System). During Phase I, Skaion will analyze this approach for the IDS analyst domain. Skaion will research which situations are most effective for testing, and derive test scenarios that illustrate the lessons we wish to teach. Skaion will create a proof-of-concept environment using a real Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) system by implementing prototype test scenarios. These test scenarios will use background traffic generated by Skaion's Traffic Generation System, overlaid by attacks created via open source probing and attack tools such as nmap and Metasploit. Generalized knowledge and skill training with these test scenarios can be applied to a variety of COTS and GOTS NIDS systems - low-level network traffic fidelity keeps the training technology vendor-independent.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Dr. Sowmya Ramachandran AF 05-077 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	A Simulation-based Intelligent Tutoring System for Enhancing Decision Effectiveness in Computer Network Defensive Operations
Abstract:	Arguably the most crucial aspect of maintaining Computer Network Defense (CND) readiness is having adequate supply of highly trained personnel to serve on the frontlines. Training today is mostly limited to classrooms, books, and expensive seminars, all of which fail to provide the practical experience necessary to make effective decisions under pressure. We propose a new approach to training CND that marries an innovative and affordable approach to producing high-fidelity simulations of complex computer networks with an intelligent tutoring capability that enables effective automated performance measurement and feedback to optimize the training experience. The proposed distance-learning solution will provide hands-on scenario-based exercises augmented by automated tutoring to provide customized coaching, feedback, and after-action review. Our approach to simulation overcome barriers to simulator development through the exploitation of COTS network traffic simulators with commodity hardware running genuine operating systems and software applications. Through automated assessment, in-depth explanations of expert solutions, what-if analyses, and interactive dialogs, the tutor will address higher-level cognitive skills like pattern recognition, hypothesis formation and testing, and decision-making. The system will include an authoring tool for the development of custom scenarios by SMEs. Phase I prototype development will provide a solid foundation for complete implementation in Phase II.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2400 Dr. Kevin Gildea AF 05-078 Awarded: 27APR05
Title:	Performance Effects Related to FORce-Cueing Manipulation- (PERFORM)
Abstract:	The purpose of the proposed effort is to develop a predictive model-based tool, and associated metrics, to assess the impact of various levels of simulator fidelity on training effectiveness and combat mission performance. Aptima will base the proposed tool on an updated categorization of the levels of fidelity associated with various combinations of simulator subsystems. Aptima will identify the combat performance metrics currently being collected and identify new metrics that are appropriate for comparative assessment. In addition, Aptima will identify the technological, cognitive, and perceptual factors that may be mediating or moderating the effects of simulator fidelity on combat mission performance. In Phase II, Aptima will validate the model and metrics via experimentation utilizing operational subject matter experts (SMEs) and force cueing technology representing various categories of simulator subsystem fidelity.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CORP. 2483 Old Middlefield Way #140 Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 903-4922 Mr. Roy W. Latham AF 05-078 Awarded: 18APR05
Title:	Force Cueing Technology Integration and Feedback Metrics to Improve DMO Simulator Effectiveness
Abstract:	The proposed effort comprises four parts: (1) a comprehensive review and analysis of the literature on cueing fidelity and associated metrics, (2) identification of metrics and a scenario, and subsequent implementation of a Phase I demonstration, (3) definition of an approach to the implementation and testing of software tools to be implemented in Phase II, and (4) development of a new methodology for relating metrics to actual training costs. The review and analysis of force cueing metrics will be performed in conjunction with consulting researchers having substantial familiarity with work done in the field. The scenario development for the Phase I demonstration will be done in close coordination with the Air Force. Planning for Phase II software tool implementation will be done with emphasis on end user ease of use and commercialization. The proposed method for relating metrics to training costs has the potential for substantial lowering the costs of evaluating training system effectiveness by reducing the required number of subjects needed for evaluation.

SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC. One Crystal Park, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 282-4432 Dr. Fred Patterson AF 05-078 Awarded: 10APR05
Title:	Force Cueing Technology Integration and Feedback Metrics to Improve DMO Simulator Effectiveness
Abstract:	In many cases, simulator quality is equated to the physical characteristics of hardware and software contained within a simulator system. In conjunction with this practice; the term �fidelity�" is often used to express compiled performance of various simulator components. In view of these comparisons, between mechanical parameters and software performance, it is not unusual to find that fidelity requirements frequently reflect how much technology an organization can afford, instead of defining the level of technology necessary for producing an optimal training environment. Rather than base fidelity requirements solely upon inanimate parameters (optical, mechanical, and piezoelectric) SDS proposes development of a Biometic Fidelity Assessment Standardization Tool (BioFAST) that is based upon physiological responses, related to sensory and cognitive functions. Among the variables planned for BioFAST evaluation are sensory spatial reflexes such as: opto-kinetic cervical reflex, opto-kinetic nystagmus, vestibular ocular shifts, digital EEG, and stick control variations. This information will be integrated into a software package that also permits subjective scoring of fidelity criteria using simulator sickness questionnaires and Cooper-Harper surveys of observed vs. desired training outcomes. These and other potential measures can be combined into a composite score that will define simulator fidelity in terms of human compatibility and training accomplishment.

LOS GATOS RESEARCH 67 East Evelyn Ave., Suite 3 Mountain View, CA 94041
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 965-7841 Dr. Micah Yairi AF 05-080 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Programmable Microfluidic Pump with Skin Penetration Enhancement for Drug Delivery
Abstract:	Our country's safety often falls on the shoulders of soldiers called on to perform their best for extended periods of time, often days at a time. During such situations, the ability to stay awake (or quickly fall asleep) is essential. Properly administered, pharmaceutical agents can play a critical role helping soldiers in these situations. Unfortunately, oral ingestion may result in unwanted drug peaks and valleys or gastrointestinal drug degeneration, while transdermal application is slow and limited to low molecular weight drugs. To provide a solution, Los Gatos Research has developed a massively parallel microfluidic pump capable of providing large flow rates (100 microliters/minute) at low voltages (less than 3 Volts). This unique pump is small, robust, and lightweight without moving parts or inlet/outlet adaptors. Such a pump can be battery-powered and integrated with a microprocessor to provide programmable drug delivery over an extended period of time (up to three days). Furthermore, in conjunction with chemical enhancers and microneedle arrays, our integrated micropump will be able to increase effective skin permeability for pharmacological agents by orders of magnitude. Together, these components will be combined inside a transdermal patch to create a simple, portable, rugged, disposable, and non-intrusive drug delivery vehicle.

CYMFONY, INC. 600 Essjay Road Buffalo, NY 14221
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-9114 Dr. Wei Li AF 05-084 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Fusion of Entity Information from Textual Data Sources (e.g. HUMINT)
Abstract:	Fusing entity information based on discourse coreference will be explored. This research leads to capabilities such as change detection, the process of automatic notification when significant changes in a person or organization profile are detected. Change detection is an important element of the global awareness requirement and, in turn, supports Homeland Defense activities. One bottleneck in entity fusion is the insufficient support from coreference of entity mentions. About half of the locally extracted entity information cannot be successfully fused into profiles. The dilemma we face is this: if we indistinguishably use the results of coreference in fusion, the fused object is too noisy to be trustworthy. If we only use the high performance part of coreference, however, the fused object does not contain enough information to be valuable. A focused research effort is needed to advance the development of this critical enabling technology for IE fusion. The key is to develop a highly configurable and domain portable coreference capability which will demonstrate its value in generating high accuracy entity profiles. Our approach involves a combination of machine learning and grammatical processing.

INXIGHT SOFTWARE, INC. 500 Macara Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 738-6443 Dr. Masayo Iida AF 05-084 Selected for Award
Title:	An Extensible NLP Approach for NE Coreference Resolution
Abstract:	Inxight proposes to develop an extensible linguistic approach for resolution of Named Entity (NE) Coreference. We employ a pipeline approach - where text is first fed through a set of linguistic preprocessing services, then through a series of finite-state grammars to extract candidate entities, and finally through the entity co-referencing process. The new work to be performed in coreference resolution includes new knowledge sources, corpora, parsers, and a complete Coreference Resolution Module (CORM), implemented as a rule-based linguistic system. Syntactic, semantic, and discourse capabilities are provided. Our approach includes innovations in the application of Optimality Theory for constraints reasoning, and the development of discourse features in a hybrid approach that employs finite state transducers and grammar formalisms such as Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG). The proven implementation of finite-state grammars and techniques in the base platform, combined with new coreference research adapting a lexicalist approach such as LFG, provide a performance optimized approach necessary to perform the intermediate-level parsing required to meet the computational demands of coreference chaining. The technology platform also supports the language and domain coverage, and services oriented component architect as may be required by future operational applications.

3 SIGMA RESEARCH, INC. 503 S. River Oaks Dr. Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 674-9267 Mr. Michael Winburn AF 05-085 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Satellite Ontology Fusion Investigation (SOFI)
Abstract:	An advanced concept is used to provide for the dynamic fusion of multi-security level satellite attack data. The project, called the Satellite Ontology Fusion Investigation (SOFI) provides an ontology for the fusion, classification, and tagging of satellite attack information and other related intelligence products in a multi-security domain. SOFI provides a mechanism for describing and reasoning about sensor data, objects, and relations in the real-world. It provides the foundation to develop a satellite attack fusion engine that interfaces with software-based security guard systems.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Brian Xu AF 05-086 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Integrated Intelligent Decision and Information System
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Integrated Intelligent Decision and Information (IIDI) system integrating grid fuzzy evolutionary algorithms (GFEAs), grid fuzzy neural networks (GFNNs), fuzzy expert systems (FESs), real-time expert systems (RTESs), and relational database management systems (RDBMSs) for the NORAD/USSPACECOM Warfighting Support System (N/UWSS). In the IIDI system, GFEAs will search for optimal solutions to such N/UWSS tasks as scheduling and planning. Each GFEA will work with each subsystem in command and control (C2) systems to accomplish the required tasks. GFNNs will monitor C2 data and mission-critical operations of the sensor networks, identify anomalous behavior, and detect potential external attacks by learning from successful past examples. RTESs will encode and reuse the well-formed knowledge from the C2 systems experts to make decisions in real time. RDBMSs will collect and manage all N/UWSS related data, and communicate with C2 systems, and with other current and legacy systems. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the IIDI system for N/UWSS to improve data access, integration, storage, control, and decision making for space-based sensors across C2 systems. In Phase II we will develop an IIDI system prototype that can be directly integrated with current and future C2 systems.

RAM LABORATORIES, INC. 10525 Vista Sorrento Parkway, Suite 220 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 677-9207 Mr. Craig Lammers AF 05-086 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Neuro-Networking Techniques for N/UWSS
Abstract:	The NORAD/USSSPACECOM Warfighting Support System (N/UWSS) aims to provide a highly responsive and cost-effective "sensor-to-decision-maker-to-shooter" capability, encompassing all of the known Battle Management Command and Control (BMC2) deficiencies. An intelligent data filtering tool will provide improved data access, integration, storage and control for space-based sensors across C2 systems. The tool will test a variety of algorithms for their effectiveness and efficiency in tuning filters and reducing network traffic across sensors. The algorithms tested will include neural networks, genetic algorithms, and clustering algorithms such as K-means and Kohonen's Self Organizing Map. The search tool will be based on RAM Laboratories' WarpIV kernel, which will link our search tool with real-time databases via the communications infrastructure, and run efficiently via parallel and distributed processing. Specifically, this Phase I effort will (1) demonstrate the feasibility of implementing an intelligent data filtering tool for space-based sensors, (2) research and develop a variety of artificial intelligence algorithms to conduct filtering, and (3) develop a physical proof-of-concept prototype that will improve data access, integration, storage and control for space based-sensors across C2 systems.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Dr. Maher Kaddoura AF 05-087 Awarded: 11APR05
Title:	End-to-End QoS IP techniques for heterogeneous networks
Abstract:	A lot of work has been done to develop security and QoS techniques for IP networks. However, existing work doesn't provide a complete solution for addressing security and end-to-end QoS provisioning for multimedia flows traversing heterogeneous networks. Thus, there is a need for a system that can provide end-to-end guarantees to flows in IP networks consisting of wireline and wireless links. The system must accomplish its objectives without modification to existing military and commercial networks. Such a system will be relevant to military and civilian applications. Leveraging extensive experience in network technology and security, Architecture Technology Corp (ATC) will develop a system that provides security and end-to-end QoS to multimedia flows in heterogeneous networks. The system will utilize existing networks' infrastructures and protocols to achieve security and end-to-end QoS for multimedia flows. As a result, the system can be easily incorporated within current military and commercial networks.

DATALINE, INC. 2551 Eltham Avenue, Suite O Norfolk, VA 23513
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 858-0600 Mr. Charles Brewton AF 05-087 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Priority/Preemptive Capability within IP (SIP QoS in GIG-ES)
Abstract:	In this proposal, our team (Dataline and Covergence in subcontract) proposes to develop a Policy and Security Manager that provides Quality-of-Service (QoS) aware mechanisms to assure TCP/IP communications in tactical networks. Our approach is based on the SIP protocol, the IETF standard for monitoring, controlling, and securing real-time collaboration (RTC) applications such as VoIP, Chat, and Video Conferencing. Our approach includes significant innovations that address the need for assured delivery and the low tolerance for delay (latency), delay variation (jitter) and packet loss of real-time applications in tactical networks. These include policy management and control across all SIP devices for: QoS Operations and Management including layer 2/layer 3 QoS marking, QoS based routing, bandwidth policing & rate limits, call admission control, policy based session routing, shortest path media routing, and SLA monitoring and verification; Application Level Security including cryptographic authentication, identity-based access control, signaling and media encryption, protocol validation, PKI integration, and denial of service (DOS) prevention; and Interoperability, including near-end firewall traversal, far-end firewall traversal, and protocol normalization. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by building a testbed that leverages our extensive experience in, mixed-bandwidth, tactical networks for real-time collaboration.

SALO IT SOLUTIONS, INC. 322 Warwick Street Saint Paul, MN 55105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 698-9110 Timothy J. Salo AF 05-087 Awarded: 11APR05
Title:	An Extensible QoS Framework for Secure Tactical Networks
Abstract:	Salo IT Solutions, Inc. (SaloITS) will investigate, design, document, model, prototype and demonstrate an extensible architectural framework, protocol enhancements and other technologies that will provide scalable, fine-grained, quality-of-service (QoS) assurances in secure IP networks. The Extensible QoS Framework for Secure Tactical Networks ("the Secure QoS Framework") will be particularly beneficial in networks that experience congestion as a result of bandwidth-constrained links or rapid changes in topology or traffic flows, or that employ security measures such as the IP security protocols. The Secure QoS Framework will enable content-aware QoS assurances that will, for example, ensure geographically localized priority for location-specific, time-critical or survival-critical, situational-awareness information. The Framework will also support the development of highly efficient publish/subscribe dissemination systems that will minimize the unnecessary or redundant forwarding of messages that are not desired by any downstream subscribers.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 398-6753 Dr. J C Le Mentec AF 05-088 Awarded: 01APR05
Title:	Cognitive Architecture Bridge (CAB)
Abstract:	Years of research in human behavior modeling have yielded a wide array of cognitive architectures. The most vital challenges confronting the field are to find an economical way to leverage the strengths of each of the multiple existing architectures and to facilitate and simplify the manner in which new cognitive models are produced, as well as to reduce the time entailed in their production. Requirements such as cultural effects add another layer of complexity that needs to be addressed. The Air Force is investigating new integrative architectures that incorporate more realistic human and organizational behavior. CHI Systems proposes to address this challenge by developing a new meta-architecture intended to serve as a bridge between existing cognitive modeling architectures. Specifically, CHI proposes the "Cognitive Architecture Bridge" (CAB), using a blackboard-system approach to combine different pre-existing components working at different levels of abstraction. CAB will give model developers the ability to assemble existing components from supported cognitive architectures, together with the ability to represent multiple levels of abstraction and cultural effects. Phase I products will include a design for the CAB meta-architecture, a proof-of-concept and demonstration model interface with CAB, an assessment of non-conventional architectures, and a Phase II plan.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves AF 05-089 Awarded: 05APR05
Title:	Adaptive Model-based Adversarial Reasoning System (AMARS) for Enhanced Synthetic Battlespaces
Abstract:	Recent military operations have demonstrated the use by adversaries of non-traditional or asymmetric military tactics to offset US military might. This issue has thus come into the forefront of national security. Rogue nations with links to trans-national terrorists have created a highly unpredictable and potential dangerous environment for US military operations. In his testimony to the US Senate, Vice Admiral Wilson, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) identifies several characteristics of these threats including extremism in beliefs, global in nature, non-state oriented, and highly networked and adaptive, thus making these adversaries less vulnerable to conventional military approaches. Additionally, US forces must also contend with more traditional state-based threats that are further evolving their military fighting strategies and capabilities. What are needed are solutions to assist our forces in the prosecution of operations against these diverse threat types and their atypical strategies and tactics. Here, we propose an Adaptive Model-based Adversarial Reasoning System (AMARS) that supports both training and simulation based acquisition requirements for effective responses to enemy asymmetric tactics and strategies. The proposed system merges model-based reasoning about individual, group, and organizational behavior within a genetic algorithm-based model adaptation and development environment.

STILMAN ADVANCED STRATEGIES 1623 Blake Street, #200 Denver, CO 80202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 490-2701 Dr. Vlad Yakhnis AF 05-089 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	LG for Integrated Adversarial COA Generation
Abstract:	We propose to develop LG-WARGAMER, a new an asymmetric adversary simulation environment that can support existing military simulations such as the Joint Synthetic Battlespace (JSB) and the Air Force M&S Foundations initiative for Air Force acquisition and training. In Phase I, we will establish feasibility and develop principles for a high level LG-based architecture for such tool. In Phases II and III, a succession of progressively more powerful software prototypes of LG-WARGAMER, implementing the framework developed in Phase I, will be developed. The approach is based on Linguistic Geometry (LG), a new type of game theory changing the paradigms of battle management and mission planning. The most significant advantages of the LG approach are modeling of the intelligent enemy and extraordinarily fast automatic generation of advantageous strategies, tactics, and COA for all the sides of a conflict. LG-WARGAMER shall be capable of interfacing with simulation environments (such as JSB) and providing adversary tactics and strategy to the simulations. Using these capabilities LG-WARGAMER will assist the operators, commanders, warfighters, and trainees in describing, assessing, and predicting the activities of individuals, teams, and organizations. LG-WARGAMER will be capable to consider factors such as the social, cultural, political, economic, religious, ethnic, and ideology of the adversary. Working with JSB, LG-WARGAMER will permit modeling and evaluation of new conceptual military hardware in terms of its functionalities and new strategic and tactical concepts. If a hardware functionality would have hidden flaws (e.g., too low bandwidth of the communication network), the simulated enemy guided by the LG strategies would be able to exploit them providing the hardware evaluators with hands-on proof of failure. Moreover, assisted by the analyst, LG-WARGAMER will discover the direction of changes toward correcting the flaw. Contrariwise, if the functionality has spectacular advantages, LG-WARGAMER would be able to convincingly demonstrate how these advantages could be translated into victory for the Blue forces.

CYMFONY, INC. 600 Essjay Road Buffalo, NY 14221
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-9114 Dr. Rohini K. Srihari AF 05-090 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Enabling Visualization of Event Information from Unstructured Text
Abstract:	We propose to address two outstanding problems encountered in event extraction and visualization. The first focuses on recognizing events in nominal expressions. This is important because nominal coreference among event mentions offers a way of propagating information (e.g. time). It is difficult because not all ``event words'' denote actually occurring events, or even events at all (e.g., `devastation' may refer to the result of an event). The second problem is linking participants to events. When participant roles are defined at too low a level, information extraction systems experience a knowledge bottleneck making them expensive to customize with new event types. We believe that the development of the FrameNet database offers solutions here since the ``frame'' level of detail is more general than event specific template slots. A frame-based approach also simplifies customization: new events are defined mainly by example. Both problems (recognizing events and linking event participants) will be addressed using unsupervised machine learning techniques, mainly bootstrapping techniques. These techniques learn extraction patterns by using a high precision, low recall classifier to automatically construct a very large training corpus. This research if successful will significantly enhance the ability to identify events that can be displayed on a timeline.

LANGUAGE COMPUTER CORP. 1701 North Collins Blvd., Suite 2000 Richardson, TX 75080
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 231-0052 Dr. Sanda Harabagiu AF 05-090 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	High Precision Event Extraction Using Predicate Arguments (HIPEPA)
Abstract:	Our goal is to facilitate visualization of event information using a novel event extraction paradigm that achieves accuracy close to that of human analysts and allows both a simplified customization to new domains and extraction of complex events expressed as an event extraction framework. The event extraction framework replaces the pattern-based paradigm with predictate-argument structures that allow extraction of events in any domain. Mappings to new domain of interest can be learned in this new paradigm by making use of maximum entropy models. Furthermore, this novel paradigm that we propose takes advantage of several novel open-domain features including (1) an open domain semantic parser used to extract syntactic and semantic information (e.g. predicate-argument relations) from source documents and (2) discourse processing techniques such as coreference resolution of events produced by event normalization and event fusion. This paradigm allows temporal and spatial normalization of events such that space or time expressions are recognized and normalized when they are not explicit references e.g. "last summer", "four years" (duration), every month (set), and "a year after the earthquake (event anchored expressions). Similarly, in the case of special expressions, we consider implicit references e.g. "second house", areas of the country such as "The South", sets "every river", and event anchored expressions, e.g. "twenty miles north of Baghdad". As technical leaders in the field of Natural Language Processing and its application to unstructured text understanding for the military and intelligence communities, Language Computer Corporation (LCC) is well suited to provide this capability. Our proposed work on this SBIR, called High Precision Event Extraction Using Predicate Arguments (HIPEPA) will provide a framework for event extraction that is accurate, domain relevant, and easily customized to the dynamic information needs of the intelligence analyst. LCC will build on our experience and existing capability to provide a prototype pattern-free event extraction framework that normalizes spatial and temporal information for visualization and supports the detection and fusion of event data.

EXPAND, INC. 4303 Vineland Road, , Suite F-7 Orlando, FL 32811
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 540-0920 Dr. John Woodring AF 05-091 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Modeling and Executing System and Operational Architectures with Representational Languages
Abstract:	The current generation of executable architecture tools is based upon a monolithic design that does not accommodate modularity and thus forces users to make design and analysis trade-offs based upon the capabilities of the single tool that best suites their particular requirements. Expand proposes to investigate the feasibility of creating tools with interchangeable components, allowing analysts to select the most appropriate combination of features extracted from several tools. The resulting virtual tool will provide performance optimized for a specific task. Two major components are investigated: the design language and the execution engine. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the execution engine of CPN Tools will be investigated as replaceable components. Verification and validation of the approach will be performed by integrating these components with Visual Simulation Objects (VSO), a general-purpose modeling and simulation tool kit developed by Expand. Interoperability among tools using module interconnection is an extension of the basic concept of interoperability among simulations, which has resulted in the development of the High Level Architecture specification and application tools that support it. Modular tools can provide analysts with greater power to investigate the dynamic properties of complex systems and operations by providing multiple, independent views of the same architecture.

HIRSCH ENGINEERING & COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 10300 N. Cassel Rd. Vandalia, OH 45377
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 454-9662 Mr. Herbert L. Hirsch AF 05-092 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Fusion And Registration System using Innovative Technology Extension (FARSITE)
Abstract:	Hirsch Engineering and Communications, Inc. (HEC) and CACI-MTL Systems propose a unique and commercially-viable solution to the problem of multi-modality image registration and object/target detection for locating HDBTs. Our proposed "Fusion And Registration System using Innovative Technology Extension" (FARSITE) approach will synergistically integrate several methods, including (1) a demonstrated, revolutionary image registration and object/target detection technique called TWIST* (TWo-axis Image Sorting Technique), (2) innovative complexity-domain processing methods, and (3) digital filtering and metric combining. FARSITE captures image complexity information from a images, into a concise feature set, to provide a reliable, accurate, robust method to register images or to detect objects and targets, in multi-modality (EO, IR, SAR, etc.) digital imagery, and associated training aids. Multi-modality fusion is also a feature of this process, and will provide higher-order target or object detection with improved speed and accuracy performance. In Phase I, HEC will perform (1) a prototype development, (2) experimental and analytical feasibility assessments using actual, multi-modality images, (3) a prototype demonstration, (4) a preliminary system design to carry forward into Phase II, and (5) an initial assessment of commercialization potential.

LPA SYSTEMS, INC. 290 Woodcliff Drive Fairport, NY 14450
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 419-3900 Mr. David Russell AF 05-092 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Hardened or Deeply-Buried Target (HDBT) Optimization Techniques for Detecting Obscure Geomorphic States (HOTDOGS)
Abstract:	On recent AFRL/IFEC projects, it has been demonstrated that multi-sensor data and exploitation techniques can interoperate and coexist through a reusable library toolkit architecture. This software library toolkit has and is being assembled and demonstrated as an application called Geo*View; although, custom or commercial application developers can use the toolkit to develop or augment their own application. For this HOTDOGS system design and development, the LPA and PAR Team proposes to augment the current toolkit with Government and Commercial Off-the-Shelf (GOTS and COTS) algorithms and software libraries to develop an integrated system that can support the automated generation of MASINT products from both active and passive imagery sources. The Team will maximize use of existing exploitation techniques and software developed for the DoD, and the Team will use a plug-in design approach similar to that used during the implementation on the AFRL HyperVISE capability.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5275 Dr. Jason Li AF 05-093 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	An Agent-based Multi-Tiered Key Management Scheme for Secure Multicast Communication
Abstract:	In this proposal, we propose an innovative agent-based multi-tiered key management (MTKM) scheme for secure TCP/IP multicast communications. The scalability problem is solved by partitioning the group members into subgroups, with a leader in each subgroup, and further organizing the subgroups into hierarchies. Each level of the hierarchy is called a tier. Key generation and distribution will follow the hierarchy, resulting in efficient re-keying operations. Actual communications are generally limited within a subgroup at a tier. Only subgroup leaders can propagate data transmissions across the hierarchies in most cases, and leaders can multicast data to selected subgroups. By doing such, our scheme is more secure and scalable without losing communication capability and flexibility. Further, subgroups can be reorganized to reflect member dynamics and deployment needs, plus we use soft states to adapt to network disruptions and provide added security guarantees. MTKM matches naturally the satellite-based military communication infrastructure, and mobile and/or less equipped users also fit in our scheme. Comparing with most other key management schemes, our approach is extremely scalable and efficient, provides more security guarantees, and is selective, adaptive and robust. Finally, our distributed agent infrastructure provides a reliable and efficient environment to fully explore and verify the proposed scheme.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 847-9123 Mr. Scott Thomas AF 05-093 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Secure TCP/IP Broadcast/Multicast
Abstract:	The military is transitioning to a fast reaction mobile strike force with increasing reliance on unmanned, autonomous systems, such as the GIG and TCA, which support packet-based communications. There remain significant obstacles, however, before broadcast/multicast data can be transmitted securely over wireless channels. New research into technologies that ensure secure, selective, networked information delivery are key solutions to these mission challenges. Furthermore, issues regarding how information is shared between differently classified networks must also be addressed. Trident has designed a Wireless Reliable Multicast protocol that provides end-to-end, flow-controlled reliable multicast data transfer. As part of this effort, Trident delivered a high-level design of a multicast protocol framework, which allows for heterogeneity of protocols for different applications, yet provides a common API, including much needed security services. Additionally, Trident has developed the Collaboration Gateway (CG) for AFRL/IFEB. The CG enables users on different classified networks to securely share information across a certified guard. Trident proposes the application of these technologies to the problem space of secure multicast transport. We will design a Secure Multicast Framework (SMF), leveraging current state-of-the-art technologies. Trident will leverage our Multi-Level Secure Collaboration Gateway to enable cross-domain information sharing for C2 applications, such as CCIC2S and SEWS.

WESTERN DATACOM CO., INC. 929 Bassett Road Westlake, OH 44149
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(440) 835-1510 Mr. Jim DeFrank AF 05-093 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Secure TCP/IP Broadcast/Multicast
Abstract:	During Phase I, Western DataCom proposes to develop a secure multicast implementation including an algorithm/key distribution design directed at secure distribution of broadcast and multicast information over a variety of infrastructures. Of particular interest are satellite and wireless networks and the ability to securely operate over shared infrastructure (domains that are owned by uncontrolled entities). Hardware and firmware modifications of existing Western DataCom encryption units that enable deployment of the secure key distribution will be accomplished during phase II and a the resulting secure algorithm/key distribution will be demonstrated over a prototypical network that includes SATCOM and wireless domains.

CHILIAD PUBLISHING, INC. 44 Belchertown Road Amherst, MA 01002
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(413) 253-7430 Mr. Paul McOwen AF 05-095 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Predictive Analysis Tools for PBA/IPB
Abstract:	Chiliad's Phase I effort will design a continuous monitoring analog to the successful retrospective concept recognition and metadata generation capability that has been deployed successfully across the FBI. Current approaches provide ad-hoc analysis with a human in the loop at each stage, with enterprise-wide data fusion; contextual analysis; concept recognition; automatic metadata generation and extraction; dynamic knowledge navigation and discovery; and task-driven collaboration across pre-indexed decentralized intelligence collections. Data are stationary, while analysis is dynamic. Unlike traditional approaches to predictive analysis driven only by historic data models, the proposed approach will combine well-understood behavior and patterns to anticipate likely courses of action, with new behavior patterns detected from live field sensor data, leveraging value from real-time analysis of `unstructured' content, deriving structured data from these sources, and leveraging further value from these structured data with triggers on relational databases. Analysis and metadata generation are executed on-the-fly, moment-to-moment using live network data, not yet indexed. Detected strategy changes from field data are fed back into the continuous monitoring loop in near real-time, improving adaptive and responsive capability that is proactive, anticipatory, and reactive at the same time. Data are moving, and profiles are stationary, but adaptive. Humans receive instant alerts based on inferential analysis, pattern prediction algorithms, and dynamic Bayesian networks, using real-time field sensor data. Response-time can be almost immediate in time-critical situations.

ZEL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 54 Old Hampton Lane Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 722-5565 Dr. Ken Williams AF 05-095 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Predictive Analysis Tools for PBA/IPB:Automated Course of Action Modeling
Abstract:	Zel Technologies proposes an important subset of the full capabilities requested in this topic. We offer to augment Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (JIPB) tools, Automated Assistance to IPB (A2IPB) and Intelligence Preparation of the Information Battlespace (IPIB), with a capability for automatic modeling of Courses of Action. Currently, COA development entails substantial manual analyst effort, to the extent that the labor requirement is the main user complaint about JIPB tools. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of automated production of COA models by treating a variety of JIPB domains as complex networks, inserting topological network penetration analysis algorithms developed by George Mason University's Center for Secure Information Systems to expand and instantiate enemy sub-goals in effects-based COAs, and remapping the resulting topological attack graphs back into Attack Trees and COA scenarios in A2IPB and/or IPIB.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Dr. Robert Joyce AF 05-097 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Dynamet: A Dynamic, Enterprise-Scale Information Flow Management Environment
Abstract:	Mission success requires accurate, timely, and relevant information to be available to decision makers and those taking action in the field. Too often, this information is not available because the needed systems do not interoperate, or because the end user doesn't have the software or access necessary. Worse, changes in the operating environment, mission goals, or incoming information cannot entirely be anticipated by information system designers, resulting in a glut of irrelevant information and clouding situational awareness. ATC-NY and SBS, Inc. will design and develop a dynamic enterprise-scale information flow management environment, Dynamet, allowing the commander to optimize information processing in continually changing, mission critical environments. Dynamet builds on the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) platform and employs Intelligent Business System concepts to optimize dynamic information flows, while keeping the human in the decision loop.

PEERLESS TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 714 East Monument Avenure, Suite 117 Dayton, OH 45402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 281-0112 Mr. David Russell AF 05-097 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Dynamic Enterprise Workflow Management
Abstract:	The purpose of this SBIR is to provide an intelligent dynamic workflow management capability that supports reconfiguration of the operations process in near real time without stopping the enterprise. The intent is to provide users with the tools to access information needed to effectively deal with rapidly changing mission tasking. Our approach enables reprioritization of tasks based on manual intervention, changes in the system and data sources, or metadata in accordance with the commanders' guidance. Key features include XML feeds and application server messaging to interface to legacy data sources, utilization of the dynamic workflow of KnowledgeKinetics (K2) and integration of NetOps to provide flexible end to end task management. Building on the Web Logic and NCES infrastructure application services, the integrated workflow capability will enable rapid publishing of information, empower users to pull whatever information they want, clearly identify information authorities, and provide decentralized information management to multiple Communities of Interest (COIs). We will employ web services to enable cross system access to capabilities and to allow data producers and consumers to find each other.

ARGTEC, INC. 8640 Guilford Road, Suite 241 COLUMBIA, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 290-9891 Dr. Monndy Eshera AF 05-098 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Automated Assistance with Metadata Generation (A2MG) Tools for PBA/IPB
Abstract:	ARGTEC is developing a new and innovative technology based on the theory of Attributed Relational Graph (ARG) for automated indexing and retrieval in multi-channel, unstructured environments for the Global Information Grid (GIG). Our system captures the information contents of unstructured (as well as structured or semi-structured) data through the use of a hierarchical ARG representation scheme. The scheme does not rely on pre-defined concepts; it automatically defines and extracts relevant sparse information contents and multi-feature concepts from the user query and from the multi-channel data itself. This feature of our approach render our system to be the most suited to deal with the challenges of finding concealed information in difficult scenarios. We have achieved several breakthroughs in the development of this technology which proved it to be very successful in Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) as well as in web-based indexing and retrieval using the contents of free-text documents. ARGTEC proposes to develop and implement a generalized hierarchical ARG model as an Automated Metadata Representation scheme tailored for Predictive Battlespace Awareness (PBA) and Intelligence Preparation of the Battlesapce (IPB). We will show that the hierarchical ARG representation technique, coupled with our suites of inexact matching algorithms are especially effective for identifying and retrieving various types of relevant information, especially in the unstructured GIG environment. We have worked with several industrial partners in both defense and commercial arenas to infuse our technology nuggets into fielded, operational systems.

CHILIAD PUBLISHING, INC. 44 Belchertown Road Amherst, MA 01002
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(413) 253-7430 Mr. Paul McOwen AF 05-098 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Automated Assistance with Metadata Generation (A2MG) Tools for PBA/IPB
Abstract:	Chiliad's Phase I effort will design enhancements, extensions, and integrations of a successful concept recognition and metadata generation capability, already deployed successfully across the FBI. This software provides enterprise-wide data fusion; contextual search; full text analysis; on-the-fly concept recognition; automatic metadata generation and extraction; dynamic knowledge navigation and discovery; and task-driven collaboration across decentralized information sources and servers. Having already purchased a worldwide enterprise license to Chiliad Discovery, the FBI has been pushing the technology envelope for dynamic analysis across distributed collections of full-text messages and documents, merged with structured data from relational databases. This software is deployed to a user community of over 6,000 in an operational system providing unified analysis over a classified network to more than 85 million full-text documents and RDBMS records across multiple Bureau programs. Enhancements will include the capability to import and export standards-based ontologies; additional user tools to enable analysts to easily and rapidly create new concept types and named entities for automated extraction in conformance with XML standards; Web Services extensions; and tight integration of COTS visualization software. These dynamic techniques provide more unified views by connecting the dots across distributed sources of unstructured and structured data located on multiple decentralized server systems to reveal and exploit explicit, implicit, and tacit knowledge and facilitate more informed and effective data-driven decision making.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center Parkway, Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Dr. Paula deWitte AF 05-099 Awarded: 13APR05
Title:	Automated Tools to Assist FDO Duties
Abstract:	21st Century Technologies presents the Phase I SBIR project, TEGO (from Latin, tego, to conceal, protect, shield). TEGO will analyze text messages between US and foreign coalition personnel to detect disclosure-perhaps unintentional-of sensitive information to generate an alert for a human decision maker (i.e., a Foreign Disclosure Officer or FDO). The process is currently too manual to be of effective timely use. What is needed is an automatic system that alerts human decision makers as necessary, thus providing a force multiplier to the FDOs. TEGO will automate much of the analysis of textual communication and provide the alert as information disclosure becomes an issue, thereby resulting in significantly improved security with reduced manpower. This will enable the FDOs to concentrate on the important decision-making tasks. TEGO will work by analyzing natural language text using a combination of graph matching and semantic approaches. Basically, TEGO will represent the semantic content of text in a graph structure and perform graph matching against patterns representing sensitive information. The graph structure will be built from mapping machine analyzed natural language into a semantic graph representation. An ontology will be used to understand the relationships and meanings of concepts within the domain.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-3295 Mr. Tony Stirtzinger AF 05-099 Awarded: 12APR05
Title:	Automated Tools to Assist FDO Duties
Abstract:	Foreign Disclosure officers are the personnel in the United States AOC responsible for implementing National Disclosure Policy (NDP) that governs disclosure of United States Classified Military Information (CMI) to foreign governments and international organizations. Increasing emphasis on collaborating with multinational forces has put significant burden on release authorities, especially since the release process requires a manual, review of products. The advent of chat tools have greatly benefited communication among AOC and CAOC personnel but chat communications are impossible for an FDO to manually review. Attempts to solve these types of boundary problems based on keywords have proven to be inadequate. Natural Language Processing techniques can contribute to a solution by extracting linguistic artifacts to get the gist of the input, however, that gist still needs to be evaluated. Even if gist or summaries of chat sessions are captured, it is impractical for the FDO to review all of them. Securboration, teaming with Inxight Corporation and Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Division is pleased to propose an innovative solution entitled Automated Assistance for Foreign Disclosure (A2FD) that addresses these problems by leveraging and extending state of the art natural language processing (NLP) techniques to understand the gist, and using ontology-based inferencing to automate the evaluation of the gist, with only potential violations forwarded to the FDO.

CLEAR METHODS One Broadway, 14th Floor Cambridge, MA 02142
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 549-2333 Mr. Christopher Fry AF 05-100 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Web-Enabled Information Sharing and Data Distribution
Abstract:	A vast amount of intelligence information is being spewed by the C2ISR systems of advanced sensor systems and collection assets belonging to the US and coalition forces. Intelligence in the military sphere is produced from imagery (IMINT), signals (SIGINT), measurement and signatures (MASINT), and humans (HUMINT). It has become a supreme challenge to effectively deal with this overwhelming amount of data in a time-critical manner. A correspondence can be drawn to the multiple information sources of Distributed Common Ground Systems (DCGS) and sources used for commercial business intelligence. The ability to distribute and analyze intelligence is seriously limited not only by the sheer volume of information involved but also by the diversity of technology required. Analyst, warfighters, as well as business managers need to focus on understanding the information rather than the processes to collect and disseminate the information. This proposal offers a solution, built on the Water language and ConceptNet, to the problem of extracting usable information from the range of data flows as well as a means to easily and adaptively make that information and knowledge available to the appropriate parties in a time-critical manner.

WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC. 200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 872-1500 Mr. Ed Smith AF 05-100 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Web-Enabled Information Sharing and Data Distribution
Abstract:	Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop an Intelligent Time Sensitive Reconnaissance System (ITSRS) that automatically determines the time-sensitive nature of any intelligence product and distributes that information to the right analysts via a personalized web page. Combined with data gathering, metadata processing, and user profiles, this system will seamlessly automate the delivery of time-sensitive intelligence information to analysts. Specifically, ITSRS will be an open source, Java/J2EE-based system that integrates with a rich set of existing services and components from IOTA, an infrastructure architecture developed by AFRL to interface with multiple intelligence data sources. ITSRS comprises of two major application components: Feedback Loop System (FLS) Personalized Web Interface (PWI)

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Dr. Perakath Benjamin AF 05-101 Selected for Award
Title:	Framework for Adaptive Modeling and Ontology-driven Simulation (FAMOS)
Abstract:	We propose to research, design, and demonstrate an innovative Framework for Adaptive Modeling and Ontology-driven Simulation (FAMOS). We propose a hybrid approach that combines ontology and process analysis methods with ontology-driven translation generation techniques to facilitate (i) robust simulation composability analysis and (ii) semantic modeling and simulation interoperability. The technical and pragmatic viability of the proposed approach will be validated in Phase I through focused military simulation model composition experiments. The Phase I effort will (i) establish FAMOS requirements, (ii) formulate analysis methods for composable modeling and simulation, (iii) design the FAMOS architecture, and (iv) configure and demonstrate a prototype FAMOS. The Phase II project will harden the software and demonstrate its benefits on a focused Air Force application leading to rapid technology transition and commercialization. Key innovations include (i) advanced ontology, process, and information model analysis methods to assess and facilitate semantic simulation model composability; (ii) novel methods to analyze simulation models at multiple levels of abstraction; (iii) innovative ontology-driven translation generation methods that facilitates semantic information integration; and (iv) novel, scalable component-based software design strategy that will facilitate rapid and cost effective integration and deployment of the solution into critical military applications.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7781 Mr. Michael Stoddard AF 05-101 Awarded: 15APR05
Title:	Integration of Composable Simulations with Real-time Applications and Databases
Abstract:	Federated simulations address the need for interoperability, as well as the improvement of reuse and composability. The focal goal in a federated simulation is to facilitate composable simulations by standardizing interfaces to assure technical interoperability among disparate simulations. Yet, existing federated simulation infrastructures neither facilitate substantive interoperability nor are dynamically extensible. Emergent semantic Grid service technologies hold out the potential to significantly improve the development of interoperable, extensible, and dynamically composable federations. As such, recent initiatives such as Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework are urging the use of open standards that can be applied within an extensible framework for next generation modeling and simulation applications. We propose to research, design, partially prototype a run-time extensible simulation modeling infrastructure that builds on our earlier work on agent-mediated model marketplaces and dynamic composability. Contextualized introspective simulation models along with agent-based mediation, brokering, and matchmaking strategies are proposed to enable dynamic model and simulation updating at run-time. The premise of the strategy entails semantic web services in conjunction with agent technology to provide facilities for run-time model discovery, location, retrieval, composition, and interoperation.

LINQUEST CORP. 6701 Center Drive West, Suite 425 Los Angeles, CA 90292
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 365-2550 Mr. Lou Sparace AF 05-102 Awarded: 14APR05
Title:	Dynamic Resource Reservation on satellite Communication Links