ARMY - 371 Phase I Selections from the 05.2 Solicitation

---------- ARMY ----------

371 Phase I Selections from the 05.2 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL & ENGINEERING SERVICES 750 Cross Pointe Rd., Suite E Gahanna, OH 43230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 861-7015 Dr. Kyle C. Koppenhoefer ARMY 05-001 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Ballistic Impact Dynamic Modeling of Fabric for New Protection Systems
Abstract:	Advanced Computation and Engineering Services proposes to develop new and innovative modeling concepts to more accurately define and predict the failure modes of various fabric materials from current and futuristic ballistic impacts, working closely with North Carolina State University and conferring with engineers at body armor manufactures. Extensive research has been conducted by various government laboratories and universities to accurately model the ballistic response of fabrics. However, these research efforts have not produced a general design tool that will assist in the design of ballistic protection systems. This proposal seeks to combine and extend the work of previous researchers to demonstrate the feasibility of a new design tool for ballistic protection systems. Instead of attempting to develop a single modeling method to address the dramatically different needs of a designer, this proposal uses a range of methods. Within this tool, the designer will be capable of conducting detailed modeling of the individual yarns and global modeling of the entire protection system. Thus, this design tool will support a wide range of needs by using different numerical methods. At the conclusion of Phase 1, feasibility of the design tools will have been demonstrated.

CAE SOLUTIONS CORP. 2000 Walnut Avenue, #P103 Fremont, CA 94538
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 681-1176 Mr. Douglas Stillman ARMY 05-001 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Ballistic Impact Dynamic Modeling of Fabric for New Protection Systems
Abstract:	Fabric based protection systems are critical to many kinds of safety systems. A challenge as designs are attempted is that details of failure are not well understood and are difficult to model. For projectiles, failure is dependent on many parameters ranging from the size and shape of the impact point to the velocity of impact, and the conditions of the fabric in terms of weave, support, pre-tensioning and environment. For the designer trying to reliably handle a threat, this uncertainty cannot be resolved without significant testing. We will use a multi-scale approach to develop techniques to improve the fidelity of ballistics models for fabrics. Adaptive modeling techniques permit the resolution of necessary detail in failure regions so that reliable predictions can be. Designers have a variety of fabrics to choose from, including yarn impregnation techniques such as a shear thickening fluid. This research effort emphasizes effects of weaves as well as attempts to characterize in more detail how the shear thickening fluid effects the individual yarns and relates to ballistic performance. The end result will be a tool that designers can use to make decisions in the early stages of design using fabrics for safety systems.

PARASYM 1335 La Solana Dr Altadena, CA 91001
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 230-1259 Dr. Raul Radoviztky ARMY 05-001 Selected for Award
Title:	Ballistic Impact Dynamic Modeling of Fabric for New Protection Systems
Abstract:	This SBIR proposal is concerned with the development of design and analysis tools for the assessment of new protection systems against ballistic impact utilizing novel textile materials. The approach is to develop an integrated simulation facility that incorporates the latest physics-based models for textile-based materials into the state-of-the-art computational mechanics simulation engines for describing ballistic and dynamic impact scenarios. This computational tool will allow the study, analysis and quantitative assessment of the penetration-resistance performance of different fiber/layer/inclusion configurations under a wide range of penetration conditions and projectile characteristics.

SYMPLECTIC ENGINEERING CORP. 2901 Benvenue Ave. Berkeley, CA 94705
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 528-1251 Dr. Shmuel L. Weissman ARMY 05-001 Selected for Award
Title:	Ballistic Impact Dynamic Modeling of Fabric for New Protection Systems
Abstract:	Accomplishing various missions that the US armed forces are called upon to perform often puts their personnel and equipment in harm's way. A common threat is exposure to a variety of ballistic projectiles that range from high-velocity armor-penetrating projectiles to knife stabbing of soldiers. Fabrics are used in a variety of ballistic shields that range from personnel vests to vehicle protective systems. This project will develop practical software for the analysis and optimal design of fabric systems to protect against ballistic threats. The key impediment to this development is the availability of a model that allows accurate representation of the projectile-fabric impact/penetration at a reasonable computational effort. This research will overcome this difficulty through the development and use of a multi-scale constitutive law where the fabric layers will be modeled as a membrane or shell at the macro level, and the yarn-to-yarn interaction will be modeled at the micro-level. The micro-level will be addressed locally at the integration (Gauss) points within each finite element. Globally, the impact will be modeled using explicit finite element simulations. The micro-level will incorporate viscous effects to enable the modeling of fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluids.

OMNITEK PARTNERS, LLC 111 West Main Street Bay Shore, NY 11706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 665-4008 Mr. Aleksandr Treyger ARMY 05-002 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Actuation Technologies for Guided Precision Munitions
Abstract:	The primary objective of this project is to study the feasibility of a number of novel actuator technology concepts that are particularly suitable for gun-fired projectiles and mortars. These novel actuator concepts will require minimal electrical power for their operation; they are very lightweight and occupy small volume, while being capable of providing high control authority to the guidance and control system of the guided munitions. As a result, the guidance and control system of a projectile equipped with the proposed actuation devices should be capable of achieving significantly enhanced precision for both stationary and moving targets, thereby achieving significantly greater probability of hit. These actuation devices are capable of being integrated into the structure of the projectile, mostly as load bearing structural components, thereby occupying minimal and even no projectile volume. In addition, the actuation devices and their related components are better protected against high firing acceleration loads, vibration, impact loading, repeated loading and acceleration and deceleration cycles that can be experienced during transportation and loading operations. The actuation devices could be used on both subsonic and supersonic projectiles.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin ARMY 05-003 Awarded: 28NOV05
Title:	Intelligent Mission Planner/Controller for Multiple Manned and Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative intelligent autonomous mission planner/controller for networked multiple manned/unmanned autonomous vehicles which is applicable to the Future Combat System (FCS), Future Force Warrior (FFW), and Future SOF systems. The intelligent multi-vehicle autonomous mission planner/controller includes navigation, obstacle detection and avoidance, waypoint tasking planner, mission trajectory planner, and vehicle formation control. The navigation subsystem is implemented by fusion of the AGNC coremicro AHRS/INS/GPS Integration Unit, monocular/stereo vision, Doppler radar, odometer, etc. Obstacle detection and avoidance is based on the object detection systems (using ultrasonic sensor, laser radar, and vision) and wireless ad hoc communication networks. A Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS)-compliant intelligent autonomous control system for networked robotic vehicles will be designed and demonstrated.

IROBOT CORP. 63 South Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 418-3146 Dr. Chris Jones ARMY 05-003 Selected for Award
Title:	Multi-Platform Manned/Unmanned System-Mission Planner/Controller
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to test the effectiveness of a communications, command and control tool. The iRobot automatic mission planner/controller will be used to create and maintain an inventory of available assets (manned or unmanned vehicles, or individual ground personnel) and their special abilities; receive a mission goal and any attendant requirements (i.e., covertness, speed of execution, terrain constraints); and create the specific sub-tasks and paths for the assets to follow in accomplishment of the mission goal - all with minimal intervention on the part of the operator. A simple example would be to use the tool to deploy a mixed group of robots and humans to surround a designated area in an urban setting, providing surveillance of its exit points. Robots with infrared sensing capability might be deployed to monitor traffic through a tunnel area connecting two buildings, robots carrying other specialized equipment might be sent to areas with a high probability of enemy fire, some of the stealthier ones being directed to take the most covert path possible; and the human assets might be reserved away from the line of fire, in an area where human interaction with noncombatants or human responsiveness might be crucial to the subtask at hand. Phase 1 and the Phase 1 option will assess the effectiveness of a very simple control system capable of directing a small number of human and robotic assets in a minimal, but dynamic scenario. Phase II and III will build on the basics examined in Phase I, adding mission complexity, expand the number of units under control; increasing the types and numbers of constraints placed upon the scenarios; and testing the system under field conditions specified by Special Forces or SEAL teams.

KUTTA CONSULTING, INC. 2525 W. Greenway Road, Suite 332 Phoenix, AZ 85023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 896-1976 Mr. Douglas V. Limbaugh ARMY 05-003 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Multi-Platform Manned/Unmanned System-Mission Planner/Controller
Abstract:	In this proposal, Kutta capitalizes on existing DOD investments, its own hand-held UAV controller technology, and additional UGV technology developed as part of DARPA's 2004 Grand Challenge. This prior work experience and knowledge allows the team to architect a multi-mission planner and controller tool (MMPACT) that is supportive of future hardware and software upgrades. Kutta and its prestigious partners use a proven software engineering methodology to derive the set of functionality for MMPACT. Based upon a functionality assessment, Kutta leverages its experience in architecting flight certifiable software and UV related systems to design a highly-reliable, component-based, JAUS compliant system. The innovative architecture allows the operator to plan, coordinate, and re-plan a heterogeneous mix of manned and unmanned asset acting as a single unit. The phase I effort culminates in a demonstration on a hand-held platform which allows an operator to plan, control and re-plan a typical mission with multiple UAVs, UGVs and manned assets. Kutta also measures and quantifies MMPACT's CPU and memory utilization on a variety of hand-held platforms. At the end of the Phase I effort, Kutta delivers a system and software requirements document and a list of "must have" functionality for MMPACT.

MOBILE INTELLIGENCE CORP. 33150 Schoolcraft Road, Suite 108 Livonia, MI 48150
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 367-0430 Dr. Douglas C. MacKenzie ARMY 05-003 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	Multi-Asset Mission Planner and Controller
Abstract:	This project will develop a multi-asset Mission Planner and Controller (MPC). The MPC will decompose tasks into actions applicable to its available assets based on their platform models. The actions will be assigned to specific platforms, both manned and unmanned, in such a way as to minimize the total cost to the team while completing the tasks. Preferences and constraints from the operator will modulate the assignment process. Actions for unmanned assets will either be translated into their native language command language or executed by the controller using a Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) compliant interface. Platform status information will be used to adjust existing assignments and guide new task assignments to ensure an acceptable and efficient workplan is in place at all times. Finally, this system will remain stable and robust while performing all of these operations in real-time.

ROBOTICS RESEARCH CORP. 101 Landy Lane Cincinnati, OH 45215
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 831-9570 Mr. Paul H. Eismann ARMY 05-003 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Multi-Platform Manned/Unmanned System-Mission Planner/Controller
Abstract:	Compliance with the US Army directive to maximize the coordination and collective capability and effectiveness of small unmanned ground vehicles (SUGV) in reconnaissance, surveillance and combat operations will require an intelligent, netcentric Mission Planning and Control System (MPCS). A set of supporting technologies will be implemented in this program to maximize the cooperative efficacy of the SUGV's to carry out the mission plans formulated by the MPCS. First, a JAUS compliant, multi-platform mobile control agent will be developed, which decomposes MPCS strategies into individual operator and SUGV commands, relays the SUGV progress to the MPCS and assists the operators with controlling the SUGV within the operational parameters set by the MPCS. The MPCS will be able to configure and distribute the multi-platform agent to arbitrary network nodes such as the operator console unit or SUGV platform to optimize the communication and computational constraints of the field environment. Second, autonomous navigational methods will be integrated into the SUGV controller to alleviate the operator with the laborious task of remotely steering it. Third, a comprehensive man-machine interface will be developed to collaborate with the multi-platform control agent and to enable the operator to control simultaneously one or more platforms in a semiautonomous fashion.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center Parkway, Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Dr. Darrin Taylor ARMY 05-004 Selected for Award
Title:	NOMAD: Advanced Algorithms for Prediction, Display, and Visualization of Moving Targets
Abstract:	In this Phase I, we shall develop NOMAD, a moving target prediction system. For each moving enemy target, NOMAD exploits (1) models describing the physical behavior of the moving target and (2) live intelligence about the target from spots reports or sensors such as UAV's. Using this as input, NOMAD's prediction algorithms compute the target's location at future time intervals along with an associated error estimate. In this Phase I NOMAD shall demonstrate a targeting capability by identifying available munitions at future time intervals and positions to kill the enemy - subject to rules of engagement. NOMAD leverages 21CT's (21st Century Technologies) sophisticated 3D visualization system that allows the operator to visualize the prediction of the location of enemy targets in the future. In this Phase I, NOMAD shall be scoped to demonstrate the prediction of ground moving enemy targets and targeting shall be restricted to CAS assets.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Xinhua Cao ARMY 05-004 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	4D GIS-based Virtual Reality for Moving Target Prediction
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of 4D GIS Based Virtual Reality for Moving Target Prediction. The proposed algorithms are based on the geographical information system (GIS) to provide a virtual scenario of moving targets prediction and possible hitting point within the Common Operating Picture (COP). The proposed algorithms utilize new advanced technology, 4D GIS and virtual reality for 3D virtual terrain and animation simulation of moving target prediction. The project consists of two parts: (1) terrain-/ mobility-based prediction of a moving target, and (2) the motion simulation and visualization. The integrated method enables a single operator to manage the tracking and targeting of multiple moving ground, sea surface, and air targets through predicting, simulating and visualizing the possible future motion of the moving targets.

APPLIED VISIONS, INC. 6 Bayview Avenue Northport, NY 11768
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 754-4920 Mr. Ken Doris ARMY 05-004 Awarded: 13DEC05
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Prediction, Display, and Visualization of Moving Targets
Abstract:	Applied Visions, Inc.(AVI) proposes to leverage the technology of computer games to provide a powerful new method of predicting and visualizing the potential movement of time critical moving targets for operators of the FCS and FFW networked effects nodes. Our research will build upon the results of a similar SBIR project sponsored by the Navy for the Tactical Tomahawk Weapon Control System (TTWCS). That effort, currently entering Phase II, uses agent-based artificial intelligence algorithms to predict the likely destinations and paths of the targets, combined with sophisticated vehicle mobility modeling to calculate the probable locations of the vehicle at any given future time as they move towards those destinations. Our Phase I effort will be devoted to analyzing the requirements of the Army's FCS fires and effects systems and use those requirements to design and build an early prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Our Phase II effort will refine the architecture; upgrade the prototype to interface to a fire support system such as AFATDS, then field the prototype to participate in exercises and technology demonstrations.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 618-1060 Mr. Ken Graves ARMY 05-004 Awarded: 07NOV05
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Attack of Moving Targets (A3MT)
Abstract:	In Effects Based Operations (EBO), we apply the proper joint lethal and nonlethal effects to gain a desired outcome. At the tactical level, EBO translates to time critical targeting (TCT), where joint assets must be quickly targeted to obtain effects on a fleeting or moving ground target,. The moving target problem is complex. However, it must be solved if TCT is to become viable within the EBO context. Currently, none of the major joint force targeting systems can predict the future location of a moving ground target with sufficient accuracy to target it. CHI Systems intends to solve this problem by creating a reusable software component called Advanced Algorithms for Attack of Moving Targets (A3MT). A3MT will use terrain and mobility reasoning; friendly joint weapon system characteristics; and sensor updates to accurately predict the future location of hostile targets for attack. A3MT will encapsulate the expertise currently required of forward observers for hitting moving targets, and make it available to future force and legacy targeting systems such as AFATDS. A3MT will provide the means to allow some legacy systems such as AFATDS to transition to the future force, and provide risk reduction for future force networked fires and effects systems.

SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 679-2281 Mr. Edward Bachelder ARMY 05-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Algorithmic Display for Tracking and Predictive Targeting of Mobile Contracts
Abstract:	The battlespace is a system in which events are driven primarily by the cycle of perception, synthesis, decision-making, and action (Boyd's OODA loop). The perceptual and synthesis components of this cycle are currently the battlespace's weakest links. The proposed approach leverages key capabilities in signal processing to present battlespace dynamics in ways that capitalize on human strengths such as pattern recognition and exploratory behavior. Track prediction of targets is conducted using Focused Dynamic Programming optimization that accounts for terrain information and models, weather, vehicle performance parameters and context-dependent objectives. A novel filtering and prediction technique based on wavelets is used to estimate and project vehicle position and velocity from observation data. The processed historical, trend, statistical, and path-probable data are presented to the operator using the concepts of cognitive consolidation, mental map overlay, and information synthesis through user interaction. The operator can deploy and sequence sensors, and prioritize objectives (or authorize preset priorities) for each target. Munition and available shooter are matched to targets, presenting the operator with a targeting solution that can be revised (specific munitions selected) or accepted. A software prototype, called the Algorithmic Targeting Display System (ATDS) will demonstrate concept feasibility of using a time-critical targeting simulation.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 685-3601 Mr. Robert M. Wilkerson ARMY 05-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Prediction, Display, and Visualization of Moving Targets
Abstract:	Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop an algorithm for the display and visualization of ground vehicle movement predictions based upon sequential Monte Carlo sampling techniques, or particle filters. Ground vehicle movement comprises a vast number of nonlinear elements imposed by operational factors such as terrain, weather, movement characteristics, and tactics that make the prediction problem difficult to formulate. Often such nonlinearities are discarded, but doing so limits the precision of the resulting prediction; an undesired consequence when human operators must make decisions based upon the predictions they receive. Thus, a prediction algorithm is required that provides both a coherent display of the probable movement, and incorporates nonlinear factors that affect the vehicle's motion. Particle filtering methods provide a fitting solution to such an application due to their acceptance of nonlinearities in the dynamic model of the system, and their natural ability to formulate an intuitive visual representation of the uncertainty in the prediction. At the conclusion of Phase I, Toyon will demonstrate a ground vehicle movement prediction algorithm that fuses battlespace information into a particle filter state estimator to provide accurate predicted PDFs for display.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center Parkway, Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Mr. Logan Gilbert ARMY 05-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Future Fires and Effect Component Technology
Abstract:	The aim of this project is to research, develop, and validate Advanced Future Fires and Effects Component Technology (AFFECT), a system focused on significant improvement of network-centric fires management, control and execution. The proposed system would provide foundational components for the development of network fires management software. These components will provide mechanisms for resolving the complex problems involved in dynamic weapon-target pairing, route/mission planning, dynamic retargeting and dynamic de-confliction. The system would ultimately facilitate robust and efficient components for enhancing the execution of Future Combat System (FCS) fires which will greatly enhance its ability to maintain superior fires while retaining flexibility and mobility. The Phase I effort will (i) establish AFFECT specifications, hardware, and software architecture, (iii) investigate technologies used by AFFECT, and (iv) develop prototype software built on AFFECT. Key innovations include: (i) our methodologies for modeling a constraints-based environment, (ii) our strategy for generating fast and optimal solutions using genetic algorithms; and (iii) combining these for constraints-based planning and scheduling. We shall utilize years of experience in component architectures to encapsulate these innovations in a manner which is conducive to rapid reuse; and scalable and evolvable enough to meet the challenges necessitated by future network-centric fires management.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 618-1060 Mr. Ken Graves ARMY 05-005 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	CDAS Web Interface Services (CWIS)
Abstract:	In the last five years, the Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) has made Network-centric Joint Time Critical Targeting (TCT) a major focus of its annual JFCOM exercises. The current ARDEC Combat Decision Aiding System (CDAS) application, which provides an order of magnitude improvement in TCT is currently unable to interface to the JFCOM web-services environment, hence cannot provide its services to JFCOM. CDAS transition to JFCOM is a high priority. CHI Systems intends to solve this problem by creating a reusable, portable software component called CDAS Web Interface Services (CWIS). CWIS will be a plug in CDAS component which will interface to the JFCOM web-based environment via Extended Markup Language (XML). The component will perform the SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL services needed within the JFCOM environment, and serve as a translator between the JFCOM environment and the CDAS tactical targeting database. CWIS will provide the means to allow CDAS to communicate with other JFCOM TCT systems such as the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) and Theater Battle Management and Control System (TBMCS) in order to provide advanced CDAS TCT capabilities. This will provide a clear transition path for CDAS, whereby CDAS TCT capabilities are available to all JFCOM clients.

FD SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES, LLC. 105 Greentree Drive Bangor, PA 18013
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(570) 422-3739 Dr. Mary DeVito ARMY 05-005 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Reusable Component Based Data And Response Management Decision Aid Infrastructure Technology Tool To Support Net Centric Fires
Abstract:	The proposed innovation integrates the following technologies: intelligent mobile agents, distributed computing, cognitive technologies, surveillance networks, heterogeneous relational database mapping, forward based decision making, remote information fusion, target value analytics, target/asset pairing strategies, and probability/prediction technologies to provide a reusable component based data and response management decision aid infrastructure technology tool to support Net Centric Fires. As stated in US Army military field manuals FM 3-02.12 and FM 100-12 the methodology utilized to drive the targeting process is Decide, Detect, Deliver and Assess (D3A). The tool will provide a decision aid infrastructure to support the D3A methodology. The D3A methodology is an integral part of the military decision making process from the receipt of the mission through execution. This methodology organizes the efforts of the commander and his staff to accomplish key targeting objectives. This task will be accomplished by integrating intelligent mobile agents, which will be strategically deployed. Their purpose is to gather, fuse, and extract pertinent data. The agents will then coordinate their efforts using multi-parameter target rule sets and probability/prediction technologies to determine target prioritization. The tool will determine the appropriate target/asset/protocol pairing. The approach is to integrate existing product technologies into our baseline web-based or stand-alone real-time data and response management decision aid infrastructure technology tool.

GESTALT, LLC 1040 First Avenue, Suite 302 King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(856) 614-5445 Mr. Eric Wiseblatt ARMY 05-005 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Sensor-Target Pairing in a Net Centric Environment
Abstract:	The effort of this proposal will focus on creating an adaptable decision support system based on a Service Oriented Architecture for intelligent mission planning systems, and the design for an open system for sensor-target pairing based on that architecture. The architecture will support the DoD Net Centric Data strategy and will be adapted to support the distribution of metadata for non-sensor information as well

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Brian Xu ARMY 05-005 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	Networked Intelligent Agents and Distributed Decision Aids for Net Centric Fires
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Networked Intelligent Agents and Distributed Decision Aids (NIADDA) for net centric fires. The proposed NIADDA system will consist of three major modules: real-time intelligent agents module for real time cognitive decision aids facilitating rule engines, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, artificial intelligence and soft computing; Web-based user interface module using document automation and Web-based Internet protocols; and cross-platform API (application programming interface) module that will be coded with reusable code base, i.e. C++, which will significantly decrease development time for future Army applications. The intelligent agents module is configurable and customizable to create specialized intelligent agents to accomplish their tasks, as a key component in the NIADDA. The NIADDA capabilities can be used via both Web Services and API. In Phase I POC will demonstrate functionality and reusability through simulation and performance assessment. The innovative NIADDA applications will provide the basis for developing next generation intelligent agents for network centric fires, to support application component development in Phase II. In Phase II we will develop detailed component design and component API specifications, implement software and application scenarios, and provide complete documentation of the NIADDA techniques, analyses, and demonstration results.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Mr. Richard Stottler ARMY 05-005 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Automated Net Centric Fires Management using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Abstract:	The major opportunity we present is our substantial intelligent planning and scheduling experience and existing customizable intelligent planning, resource selection, and scheduling architecture along with our in-depth knowledge of combined arms fires and effects planning, integration, coordination, and deconfliction and FCS capabilities. We propose, ultimately, the development of an Intelligent FCS Fires Management System (IFFMS), integrated with the FCS System-of-systems Common Operating Environment (SoSCOE) which monitors the position and status of net centric fires related weapon systems and sensors and the position and status of observed enemy units and assets, receives existing plans and requests for fire support and fire missions, generates fire plans (including routes) to best meet the requests, and performs the necessary fires integration, coordination, and deconfliction. In Phase I we will explore the net centric fires and effects planning, coordination, integration, and deconfliction process with current operational experts and those familiar with FCS, elaborate the artificial intelligence techniques useful for automating the planning/resource selection/scheduling/conflict resolution process, capture the planning, coordination, integration, and deconfliction knowledge needed to generate optimized, correct plans, investigate FCS SoSCOE integration requirements, prove the feasibility of these techniques through prototype development, and develop the Phase II system specification for IFFMS.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jack Salerno ARMY 05-006 Selected for Award
Title:	High Performance and Low Cost Sniper Riflescope Detection Lidar
Abstract:	Dual Source Enemy Identification and Negation Lidar (DSEINL) is a preferred method with wide field of view and high detection rate to find and identify enemy combatants and sniper rifles by receiving the co-reflected or retro-reflected light from the sighting riflescope or the enemy combatant��s eyes. The sighting scope mounted on weapons, such as sniper rifles, has a reticle plate fixed on the imaging plane of the objective lens. The reflection of the reticle plate forms a back-propagating light beam featuring very small divergent angle and very weak depolarization. Similarly the human eye also causes a strong retro-reflection. Based on these features, Agiltron Inc. proposes a low cost and reliable DSEINL technology using an imaging sensor to detect, identify, locate and deny enemy combatants. The proposed technology uses two switching light sources that are separated from each other. The separation distance is adjustable, and the received images differ under the illumination by the two light sources. By subtracting the images, single or multiple riflescopes, as well as enemy combatants looking at the system can be detected while background signals can be virtually eliminated. This system holds the promise of high sensitivity, large surveillance area, low cost, high reliability and the capability of differentiating sniper rifles and human eyes from other possible strong scattering objects. This technology can be used for both pre-searching of enemy combatants and for hand off to other lethal and non-lethal systems. The Phase I effort will conduct a proof-of-principle demonstration of this advanced detection technology and in Phase II will produce a full specification compliant working prototype.

LI CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 30 A Vreeland Road, Suite 130 Florham Park, NJ 07932
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 822-0048 Dr. Qi (Peter) Li ARMY 05-007 Selected for Award
Title:	Smart Self-Configuring Miniature Windscreen
Abstract:	A novel and promising solution is proposed for a smart self-configuring miniature windscreen. The proposed solution includes a mechanical windscreen, MEMS microphones, and a DSP windscreen. The mechanical windscreen will be designed by numerical simulation. The finite-element method will be utilized to simulate the effect of different shapes of windscreens on the aerodynamics in the vicinity of the diaphragm. The windscreen of optimal shape and material will be tested and verified on a test bed which physically simulates the real operating environment. The DSP windscreen will be implemented by a microphone array, our unique noise-reduction algorithms, and a single DSP chip. The proposed low-cost solution can totally remove wind noise without distortion of other signals.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Keehoon Kim ARMY 05-007 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	Autonomous Self-Configuring/Self-Regulating Smart Sensing Windscreen
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a miniature windscreen, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new dynamic miniature windscreen, autonomous self-configuring/self-regulating smart-sensing (AS4) system based on a set of dynamic meshes and a self-sensing strip. The AS4 windscreen is integrated with a simple, no-maintenance sensor that directly neutralizes aggravating effects of wind noise in real time. The AS4's efficient self-configurable mechanism, without mechanical moving parts, dynamically regulates air turbulence and buffeting according to sensed wind parameters. Despite its extreme compactness, the AS4's active windshielding is responsive to time-variant wind noise, transients, and blowing sounds. In Phase I we will complete the design of a preliminary laboratory prototype, develop self-sensing and self-regulation, and demonstrate the functional AS4 system in a simulation testbed, in which we will simulate transient wind noise. In Phase II POC plans to develop a packaged AS4 system satisfying design configurations and critical implementation parameters, and to demonstrate the final prototype to verify key performance parameters.

CROSSFIELD TECHNOLOGY LLC 4505 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 360 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 795-0220 Mr. Dennis Ferguson ARMY 05-008 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	Conformal Semiconductor Circuits
Abstract:	Crossfield proposes to develop a hybrid direct write technique for developing conformal circuits and semiconductors. Crossfield, together with Honeywell and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) intend to demonstrate a conformal circuit technique that enables the metal elements of the circuit (such as power and signal traces or antennas) and supporting semiconductors such as bias circuits to be directly written to the conformal surface. The remaining active devices will employ a high performance semiconductor fabrication technique based on Honeywell's Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology. SOI is well suited to the conformal circuit fabrication process and will enable digital or millimeterwave devices to be added on the previously developed metal patterns. The finished conformal circuit will be low cost, while enjoying the high performance of existing, mature semiconductor technology.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5412 Hilldale Court Fort Collins, CO 80526
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 224-2556 Dr. M.R. Azimi-Sadjadi ARMY 05-009 Selected for Award
Title:	Collaborative Transient Event Detection, Localization and Classification in Distributed Sensor Networks
Abstract:	A critical need for distributed sensor networks employed in various military operations, e.g. in MOUT, is an innovative transient event localization and classification system that fully exploits the limited communication, processing and power resources. A system level solution is sought that can provide an accurate assessment of threat events on the battlefield. The algorithms should be able to process a wide range of transient events in real-time and without confusion for different sensor modalities. The goal of this Phase I research is to develop innovative system level solution that (a) can detect and agree on dynamically occurring transient events using simple sensor-level detection schemes, (b) perform collaborative and confusion-free transient event localization using multiple time difference of arrival (TDOA) method, (c) estimate and restore transient signals from noisy and faded signatures, (d) extract salient time-frequency features using wavelet-based analysis, (e) perform transient classification using subband fusion and mixtures of decision experts, (f) and develop an overall battlefield transient event assessment based upon the temporal-spatial history of occurrence and types of transient events detected, localized and classified. We propose to test our algorithms and demonstrate their effectiveness on multiple transient signature data sets corresponding to ground vehicles, artillery fires, mortar fires, small arms fires, etc. that will be acquired from the US Army ARDEC.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 791-6489 Mr. David Gibson ARMY 05-010 Selected for Award
Title:	Multi-Chip Modules for Hyperspectral Image Processing (MCM-HIP)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop a multi-chip module (MCM) system for hyperspectral image processing and other high throughput signal processing applications requiring ultra-low power, extremely-high performance, and a ultra-small form factor. Hyperspectral image processors are currently made by soldering a large number of components onto multiple printed circuit boards resulting in high power, large, heavy systems barely suitable for mounting on automotive vehicles. These systems are too heavy and bulky for a soldier to carry or to mount on micro-UAVs. With the advancement of new revolutionary signal processing technology being developed cooperatively by the US Army, DARPA, and US Air Force, a breakthrough in weight and size reduction may be obtained with multi-chip modules (MCMs) using new interconnection systems and packaging techniques. In the Phase I program, CLX will design several MCMs around its advanced digital signal processor technology. New packaging technologies, including 3-D interconnection and chip stacking will be explored. The different approaches will be compared and trade-offs made based on realistic environmental factors, ruggedization, reliability, and manufacturability. Based on trades, detailed specifications will be developed to facilitate detailed product design, development, and demonstration in Phase 2 of the program.

FRONTIER PERFORMANCE POLYMERS CORP. 26 Robert Street Parsippany, NJ 07054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 989-8463 Dr. Jerry Chung ARMY 05-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Lightweight Small-Arm Polymer Cased Ammunition
Abstract:	To ensure that America's soldiers maintain their overwhelming combat edge into 21st century, use of lightweight polymers as the cartridge case material can alleviate a significant portion of this weight burden for soldiers. The objectives of this proposal is to demonstrate Frontier's innovative design and material technologies to produce high performance, lightweight small arm polymer cased ammunition that will achieve Army's goal of reducing combat soldier's load by 30 percent and increase his mobility. Recognizing the major root causes of past failures, Frontier has developed an innovative polymer cartridge case design and two proprietary polymer materials expected to overcome many potential failure modes of existing polymer case development efforts, such as insufficient ballistic performance, cracks on case mouth, neck, body and/or base, bonding failure of the metal-plastic hybrid case, difficulty of extraction from the chamber, incompatibility with propellant. It has the potential to achieve ballistic performance, be compatible with current cartridge manufacturing and assembling process, and be capable of operating under open and close bolt operation environments, while weighing 30 percent less than current system. Moreover, the technology can be applicable to not only 5.56mm but can also be readily used for 7.62mm and .50 caliber cartridge cases.

OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC. 4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 371-4445 Dr. Nahum Gat ARMY 05-012 Awarded: 18NOV05
Title:	Development of optimal LWIR-to-color RGB transformation mapping based on neural nets using thermal IR hyperspectral imagery of scenes
Abstract:	OKSI will use hyperspectral data cubes collected at 128 bands within the thermal infrared spectral range of 7 to 14 microns to determine the optimal combination of three or four 1 �m wide bands that produce color (RGB) imagery that is most similar to that seen by the human eye. The resulting RGB images will be created from the chosen long wave infrared bands via a nonlinear mapping transformation using a biologically inspired neural network. The transformation map will be established on the basis of existing ground truth data (i.e., conventional color imagery and/or visible spectrum hyperspectral imagery) used in conjunction with corresponding thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery. OKSI already possesses a large archive of such hyperspectral thermal IR imagery, and has access to additional data from almost every hyperspectral LWIR imager in use in the US. Additional imagery will be generated, under a subsequent phase, using a high fidelity visible to LWIR scene generator such as DIRSIG. For real-time data processing, OKSI proposes to implement the mapping transformation in an FPGA. This provides a very low power, small package that can be built as an embedded hardware and combined with existing camera electronics. This approach benefits from other OKSI legacy projects in real time video data exploitation and color night vision development.

OMNITEK PARTNERS, LLC 111 West Main Street Bay Shore, NY 11706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 665-4008 Mr. Aleksandr Treyger ARMY 05-013 Awarded: 13DEC05
Title:	Hybrid Soldier Power Source
Abstract:	Currently, American troops are well equipped electronically. The soldier of the future is planned to carry even more electronic and electrically powered equipment. The electrical power requirement for soldier creates weight and logistics problems. It is therefore highly desirable to develop novel methods and devices for harvesting energy from locomotion to reduce dependence of the soldier on direct battery supplied electrical energy. The primary objective of this project is to study the feasibility of a novel method to harvest mechanical energy from a walking or running subject and transform it to electrical energy for direct use, or for storage in a storage device such as a capacitor or a rechargeable battery. The main advantage of this novel method is that the energy harvesting power sources that are developed based on this method allows the walking or running soldier to generate electrical energy, while at the same time getting less fatigued that he/she would without the device. The proposed energy harvesting devices are capable of producing over 2 Watts of power during normal walking without being cumbersome or increasing the soldier's thermal signature.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 224-4410 Dr. Robert Koslover ARMY 05-014 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Disposable/Survivable Antenna Technology
Abstract:	Application of high-power RF via an antenna placed directly near a hostile target offers the advantage of delivering maximum power and energy. Since this also puts the radiating antenna directly in harm's way, it calls for a highly-deployable antenna that is either low-cost and logistically-compact enough to be disposable (if destroyed) or sufficiently robust to survive serious fragmentation/blast. A relatively high-power (Pave > 1 kW), broadband VHF/UHF (200-800 MHz) antenna with moderate gain (~ 6-12 dB), which can stow compactly, is inexpensive, and is easy to deploy would expand the Army's options for using RF directed-energy weapons. Combining classic broadband geometries with new lightweight, flexible, and low-cost materials and fabrication techniques, we propose to develop a novel self-expanding and collapsible antenna which is highly-survivable against fragmentation/blast and rapidly field-replaceable. Prototypes will be designed with compactness, simplicity, manufacturability, portability, reliability, cost, and ease of use in mind. We will pursue a multi-pronged R&D attack, applying: (1) established algorithms to bound the key RF design parameters; (2) expert selection of appropriate materials; (3) numerical models to characterize and optimize electromagnetic and structural performance; and (4) experiments to confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach. __________________________________________________ ___________________________

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 26 Castilian Drive, Suite B Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 277-8396 Mr. Gary Key ARMY 05-015 Awarded: 13DEC05
Title:	Target Image Transformation and Transfer
Abstract:	Frontier Technology, Inc. (FTI) and University of Florida (UF) propose to develop and analyze designs and prototype software for a system that will resize, transform, compress, and transfer target imagery and associated reference points from a Fire Control System to an autonomous small caliber projectile for storage. The proposed POSIT system would assist the LFLSP (future SSMSA) onboard target classifier in the recognition/identification of features or behaviors of targets during movement among defilade positions. We propose to analyze and enhance POSIT performance to support: (a) Target image selection by command from a fire control system at the launch point, followed by transformation and resizing to appear as to the projectile's imaging system at turn-on, (b) Image transmission and storage within the projectile's recognition and tracking system to enable target identification using conventional points of reference in the field of view. Phase-I will evaluate, extend and exploit FTI/UF's successful, NVESD-sponsored R&D for dynamic automated target recognition from spinning projectiles. Analysis will emphasize space/time complexity, cost, space/power consumption, and effect on the accuracy of the current LFLSP pattern recognition system. Phase-II will develop and test prototype hardware and software.

INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-7130 Dr. Igor Ternovskiy ARMY 05-015 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	Differential Geometry Based Image Resizing for Small Arms Targeting
Abstract:	Providing a fast and accurate way to deliver an image of the target to a small caliber autonomous projectile using a single camera remains a major challenge, particularly in applications that demand rapid response in combat environments. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS), in collaboration with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, proposes to develop an improved 3-D reconstruction methodology using the "3-D from shape" effect. This technique will use advanced mathematical techniques to construct dynamically changing scene representations that create pseudo 3-D models of 2-D scenes and objects, using only 2-D images as input. This approach can greatly enhance the identification of moving targets in static and cluttered backgrounds. In Phase I, IOS will develop advanced software for creating and processing 3-D models from images, and will produce a working demonstration of the system using realistic images. In Phase II, IOS will extend and improve this system, and will transmit a resized and enhanced image to a breadboard memory representative of a potential projectile-carried memory.

KALLAPAL ENGINEERING 2527 Condor Drive Audubon, PA 19403
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 539-1739 Ms. Kalla Narayan ARMY 05-016 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Low-Cost Full Position and Angular Orientation Sensors for Guidance and Control of Precision Munitions
Abstract:	The position and orientation of smart and guided projectiles, including gun-fired munitions and missiles, must be accurately known in order for them to be able to successfully reach their targets. While various techniques are presently used, they are limited in their accuracy or require significant amounts of power. In the proposed project a novel orientation angle sensor for guided, gun-fired munitions is proposed to be developed. The system comprises a ground-based polarized RF source and waveguide sensors on board the munition. The project will be focused on optimizing the design and location of sensors on the munition to determine full 3-D spatial orientation of the munition and the development of algorithms to determine the spatial orientation of the munition based on the received power at the sensors. Additionally, a novel means of determining the position of the munition using RF source and receivers will be investigated.

CALABAZAS CREEK RESEARCH, INC. 20937 Comer Drive Saratoga, CA 95070
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 741-8680 Dr. Lawrence Ives ARMY 05-017 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	A 250 kW Multiple Beam Higher Order Mode Inductive Output Tube
Abstract:	We propose to use a Multiple Beam IOT approach. This configuration has several small cathodes arranged in a circular pattern. This provides a thermally and mechanically robust arrangement for supporting the modulating grids and forming the input cavity of the device. Each individual beam, or beamlet, will traverse the IOT circuit in its own individual beam tunnel. This will eliminate the possibility of coupling RF power from the output circuit toward the electron gun since the individual beam tunnels will not support the coaxial transmission line mode. This configuration will facilitate development of RF sources in the range of interest: 200 MHz to at least 1 GHz. The proposed program will investigate each of the critical issues involved in development of the 250 kW, L-Band multiple beam IOT and determine if solutions can be developed to justify construction and testing of a prototype in a Phase II program.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2317 Dr. Silvia Luebben ARMY 05-018 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	Delivery of Nanoparticles and Microbial Reagents to Deep Soil for In-Situ Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Abstract:	Recent studies show that zero-valent metal nanoparticles, metal-oxide nanoparticles, and microbial reagents are among the most promising remediants for the detoxification of heavily contaminated sites that contain hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and metals. Unfortunately, it is difficult to treat large volumes of soil with a single injection because nanoparticles and microbial reagents are easily filtered out by absorption and flocculation on the charged surfaces of minerals and soil. During this project, TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a technology to deliver stabilized nanoparticles and microbial reagents that have improved transport properties and reduced absorption in soil and sediments. During this project TDA will apply its expertise in nanoparticle surface modification and stabilization in liquid media to specific nanoparticles that have been proven to be good environmental remediants on a laboratory scale. In Phase II TDA will demonstrate this technology in a field assessment at a pilot site. This technology will be useful for the reactive in-situ cleanup of contaminated deep soil sites.

AMBP TECH CORP. 275 Cooper Ave., Suite 112 Tonawanda, NY 14150
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 447-2587 Mr. Nehal Chokshi ARMY 05-019 Awarded: 13DEC05
Title:	Dielectric Materials Enhancement via Excimer Laser Processing
Abstract:	Directed Energy Weapons of the microwave nature require high microwave power devices which employ insulators. Currently, a major limitation to the microwave power that can be generated is the limited electric field an insulator can withstand within vacuum due to the surface flashover phenomena. While the exact nature of the propagation of the surface flashover event across the insulator surface is still under debate, it is clear that charge trapping at the insulator surface plays a major facilitative role in the propagation of the flashover. AMBP Tech proposes to utilize excimer laser processing to eliminate the charge trapping centers through the annihilation of point defects, which should then eliminate the surface flashover phenomena. AMBP Tech will apply its expertise in laser processing to ceramic and polymeric materials to determine which material has the more promising path to eliminating the surface flashover and help enable higher microwave power devices.

HEM TECHNOLOGIES 3518 27th St Lubbock, TX 79410
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(806) 441-1147 Dr. David J Hemmert ARMY 05-020 Awarded: 07DEC05
Title:	Performance Enhancements for Explosively Driven Magnetic Flux Compression Generators
Abstract:	Explosively driven magnetic flux compression generators have been extensively researched for dozens of years with little change in fundamental design and overall performance. One of the best understood and commonly used MFCG is the helical generator. These devices are very inefficient (5% to 10%) at converting the chemical energy in explosive into electrical energy. One severe limitation of these devices is the physical driving of the armature to the stator to reduce the generator volume and resulting inductance. HEM Technologies proposes a novel technique to minimize the losses associated with driving an armature in an MFCG. This will allow for smaller armature diameters (larger initial inductance) and less explosives with overall higher generator gain and chemical to electrical energy efficiency. In addition to the potential applications of the technology for the defense services, the developed technology has potential as a compact explosive power source for oil and mineral exploration.

TANNER RESEARCH, INC. 2650 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 792-3000 Dr. Michael Emerling ARMY 05-020 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Medium-Caliber Gun-Launched Explosive-Driven Magnetic Flux Compression Warhead
Abstract:	Tanner Research proposes to demonstrate how an existing one-inch diameter ferro-electric generator (FEG) device can be enhanced to develop high-powered microwaves (HPM) for use in gun-launched medium-caliber warheads. Using a linear initiator to simultaneously detonate the explosive driver over the entire armature length, in order to coincide with maximum flux density, will effectively eliminate any need to `compress' the magnetic flux to obtain HPM power output. Initiation simultaneity will significantly reduce warhead size, cost and complexity. Tanner will be teamed with Loki, Inc. and use their FEG devices as the baseline magnetic circuit hardware. Tanner will be adapting to the Loki FEG devices a battery-powered high voltage fireset (1200V) as seed power to both stimulate the magnetic flux build-up and power the linear initiator. By adding timing and switching circuitry, Tanner expects to complete a proof-of-concept device suitable for demonstration and test. The energetics and linear detonator can be added to test and evaluate the HPM power output.

INNOSYS 3622 West 1820 South Salt Lake City, UT 84104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 975-7399 Dr. Larry Sadwick ARMY 05-021 Awarded: 13DEC05
Title:	L-Band High Power Amplifiers for Directed Energy Weapons
Abstract:	This solicitation calls for research and exploration on approaches to find solutions to high power W-band amplifiers for use in directed energy (DE) weapons that are more affordable and compact and have additional desirable features including low standby power and instant-on capabilities and are, for example, HUMVEE field friendly. In addition the ability to produce such amplifiers in relatively large quantity should be of additional use and value. InnoSys intends to research and explore in an in depth, systematic manner reasonable possible solutions to achieving the objective and goal of a relatively affordable, low standby power, instant turn on, compact, high volume manufacturing capacity system solution that meets the requirements needed for active directed energy weapons.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES GROUP PO Box 4914, 4046 Quenita Drive Winter Park, FL 32793
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 628-2530 Dr. Mark E. Koltko-Rivera ARMY 05-022 Selected for Award
Title:	Simulated Assessment for Personnel Selection
Abstract:	The ultimate SBIR product is stipulated as a standardized process and system to develop job simulations for personnel selection, with these characteristics: (a) it provides detailed information on performance aspects that contribute to overall performance; (b) it allows for the development of multiple simulations built upon a common architecture and interface; and, (c) it builds upon what is already known from the domain of job/task analysis, rather than requiring intense input from subject matter experts. To meet this need, we propose to develop the Job-Performance Assessment Simulation System (J-PASS). The J-PASS is defined in terms of three types of users: Developers (who develop the simulations), Testees (whose job performance is being evaluated), and Proctors (who administer J-PASS simulations to Testees). The J-PASS will consist of these modules: (1) the Shell, which gives access to the system for Developers and Proctors; (2) the Simulation Editor, which develops and edits MOS-specific job simulations; (3) the Component Library, which contains components for the simulation of various aspects of jobs; (4) the Performance Evaluator, which allows Developers to define performance criteria; (5) the Simulation Archive, which contains developed Job Simulations; and, (6) the Simulation Manager, which administers the Job Simulation and reports Testee performance.

JXT APPLICATIONS, INC. 2673 Commons Blvd, Suite 20 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 306-5003 Mr. Mark Crabtree ARMY 05-023 Selected for Award
Title:	Establishing Selection Measures of Vigilance Performance
Abstract:	Vigilance, or the ability to maintain focus of attention and remain alert for prolonged periods of time, is a very important attribute for warfighters in today's technology-driven battlespace. Problematic is the fact that individuals vary widely in their ability to maintain vigilance performance over time. Thus, there is a need to select individuals based on their vigilance performance capability for specific job assignments. Many researchers have tried and failed in their attempt to develop tools for identifying individuals who can maintain high levels of vigilance performance. Some previous attempts did not benefit from guidance afforded by sound human performance theories, and they generally employed a singular approach toward predicting vigilance performance. Recent research indicates that vigilance is multidimensional and is correlated both with certain personality factors and the individual's response to stress and workload. Also, evidence suggests that long term vigilance performance is correlated with intense short-term performance on specific tasks. Taken together, these results suggest a multi-pronged approach to the development of a valid, inexpensive, and efficient vigilance selection battery that includes personality test elements, performance tasks, and cognitive workload/stress assessment. The primary product of Phase I is the design and demonstration of this battery.

MIRUM CORP. 805 Gibbon St. Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 683-1840 Mr. Joseph Chiara ARMY 05-024 Selected for Award
Title:	Trust in Temporary Groups
Abstract:	As organizations have moved toward less centralized arrangements, interdependence of individuals and units has become more common. One of the most important determinants of performance in interdependent systems is trust (Axelrod, 1984; Kramer, 1999). Without some level of trust, transaction costs in an interdependent system become unmanageable, and the system fails. There are a variety of factors that influence the development of trust. One of the most important is experience. In particular, trust between one entity and another develops as a result of the trustor experiencing competent, reliable, well-intentioned behavior on the part of the trustee. This �?oswift trust�?? is likely to be more fragile than trust that is allowed to develop more slowly. Thus, in addition to establishing the determinants of trust in temporary work groups, it would be useful to examine the factors that allow the initial trust in temporary groups to develop into a less fickle form of trust should the group remain together for a more extended period of time

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5260 Dr. Jacqueline Haynes ARMY 05-025 Selected for Award
Title:	An IPD-based approach for Adaptable Story-based Leadership Training & Assessment
Abstract:	instructional design and SCORM-compliant web-based distance learning infrastructure to create a richer learning environment that is believable, adaptable and easily accessible. Interactive Pedagogical Drama is an instructional environment where "the learning of skills is through compelling interactive stories". In order to construct an IPD-inspired leadership training environment, we propose to create the following: intelligent agent-based infrastructure that supports modeling of believable role-playing characters; training scenario that has a good story structure focusing on developing and assessing leadership abilities, with a strong narrative drive and is believable to the learners training on it; instructional design that leverages the adaptability that IPD provides and an infrastructure that combines real-time simulations with web-based learning. We will have 4 objectives: (1) Use IAI's intelligent agent modeling infrastructure, MAGIC, for creating role-playing characters in adaptable stories. (2) Modify/adapt a crowd-behavior simulation to create leadership training scenarios that provides domain for instruction. (3) Use IAI's SITA infrastructure for integrating adaptable story-based simulations into distance learning environments. (4) Create a training /assessment module that demonstrates the effectiveness of IPD-based instructions.

PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP. 9500 Innovation Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 368-6107 Dr. Michael Hertz ARMY 05-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Adaptive Role-play Exercises for a Leader Development Center.
Abstract:	Progeny proposes to use their non-tactical application/e-learning experience from the U.S. Navy to support Army e-learning and simulation for development of leadership in stressful combat situations. Progeny intends to treat simulation components as Shareable Content Object Reuse Model (SCORM) Reusable Learning Objects (RLOs) and use the SCORM sequencing standard to deliver these simulations as part of an interactive learning scenario. This application would utilize the open source, open standard Common Technical Architecture and Service Oriented Architecture products being delivered to the DoD.

AGILE MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 93 Castilian Drive Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-5159 Mr. Roger Forse ARMY 05-026 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Materials Integration and Processing of Nonlinear Tunable Thin Films with Affordable Large Area Substrates to Promote Microwave Frequency (Ka band) Wafer Phased Array Antennas
Abstract:	Agile has successfully demonstrated the ability to design and manufacture high performance, voltage controllable analog millimeter wave phase shifters for use in phased array antennas using the ferroelectric material, Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) in thin film form. Agile has also performed pioneering work in the design and manufacture of phased array monolithic antennas manufactured on a single substrate. This work was performed for a commercial application, automotive anti-collision radar conformally mounted on the bumpers, but is ideally suited for the manufacture of cost-effective and scalable conformal antennas. Agile is proposing to develop a Ka band 2-D electronically scanned antennas on a single wafer containing the phase shifters, feed network and antenna radiating elements utilizing our BST technology and industry standard semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Our current substrate is 4" in diameter and less than 500 microns thick. These integrated antennas can be manufactured at a low cost. The Phase I proposal will focus on extending our work from the automotive radar effort and performing high fidelity EM simulations and produce a mask design for a 2-D monolithic scanning antenna. Phase II will involve the actual manufacture of the antenna designed in Phase I.

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 934-2100 Dr. Andrei Osinsky ARMY 05-026 Selected for Award
Title:	Phased Array Antennas on Large Area Substrates
Abstract:	In the Phase I program an inovative approach to modeling and fabrication of integrated phase array antennas is proposed. The approach uses advantages of implementing scientific modeling and simulation on EM Premier workstation which enables a full 3D FDTD algorithm.The feasibility of integration of BST with large area Si wafers will be explored using novel material growth techniques.

Q-DOT, INC. 1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 590-1112 Mr. Donald L. Herman, Jr. ARMY 05-027 Selected for Award
Title:	Ultra-wideband (UWB) Analog Front-End (AFE) /Analog- to-Digital Converter (ADC)(9703)
Abstract:	Q-DOT proposes an innovative analog front-end (AFE) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. Modern communications and radar signals combine complex modulation with wide bandwidth to reduce power and lower the probability of intercept. Current digital receivers do not offer both high dynamic range and wide bandwidth needed to detect and characterize these signals. The proposed AFE includes an LNA and novel track-and-hold to facilitate direct conversion to over 10 GHz. Two ADCs are proposed: a novel parallel UWB ADC, and a Nyquist ADC with unique circuits to provide high-resolution UWB performance. Each offers > 10 times the bandwidth of present devices with comparable resolution. Rather than channelizing using filters and mixers, the parallel ADC uses frequency domain encoding to spread the UWB input among baseband ADCs. Digital processing reconstructs the entire input bandwidth with high dynamic range. The Nyquist ADC uses a novel front end to reduce complexity and power while providing UWB performance. The proposed AFE/ADC is modular, expandable, and adaptable. After conceptual design, prototype high resolution UWB AFE/ADC chips can be realized during Phase II. The UWB AFE/ADC will help realize small, low-power, high-performance digital receivers for future surveillance and instrumentation systems.

SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP. 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9008 Mr. Daniel Kien ARMY 05-027 Selected for Award
Title:	Analog Front End (AFE) and Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) Design for UWB Systems
Abstract:	Ultra wide band (UWB) systems are often promoted as a method of optimizing the increasingly limited bandwidth available for information transfer. However, by virtue of their low power and wide instantaneous bandwidth, UWB systems are susceptible to jamming and aperture blinding by stronger narrowband systems licensed for use in the same band and often times co-located with the UWB system. To mitigate the potentially adverse effects of the hundreds of jammers that are possible in a dynamic, real-world environment requires a judicious selection and design of the UWB receiver system's architecture and components. SFC, along with our distinguished research partners, propose to research, design, and develop a state-of-the-art UWB receiver system integrated circuit (IC) "module" that facilitates immunity to narrow band signals when incorporated into a UWB system. To maximize the functionality of the module, it will have the coding inputs to allow the module to be used in parallel with identical (or similar) ICs so that systems can be designed for (or adapted to) as much or as little bandwidth as required for the mission of the moment.

JMARTECHNOLOGIES, RESEARCH DIVISION 3956 Sorrento Valley Boulevard San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 535-1706 Dr. Harry Rieger ARMY 05-028 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Multipulse Agile Laser Source for Real-Time Spark Spectrochemical Hazard Analysis in the Field
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a small innovative compact laser capable of providing two or more pulses in short succession for optimizing the detection of hazardous materials in the field via real time spectrochemical techniques. Lasers suitable for dual pulse LIBS operation need to have good spatial beam quality and high pulse energy to provide enough energy to ionize the material under study, especially from relatively large standoff distances. While JMAR BrightLite diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers can currently meet all of the above criteria it is desirable to put the laser building blocks in a configuration suitable for adjustable dual pulse mode operation. In this proposal we propose a modification of our diode pumped Nd:YAG laser system by designing and testing a proof of concept module built around a a dual Pockels cell geometry. By individually adjusting the turn on and turn off times of the two Pockels cells on each side of a diode pumped Nd:YAG rod, the laser can be made to emit dual pulses with variable time delay between the pulses. By varying the timing of the Pockel cells relative to each other the relative amount of energy in each pulse can be varied.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 926-1167 Mr. Arieh M. Karger ARMY 05-028 Awarded: 09DEC05
Title:	Compact, Multipulse Agile Laser for Spectrochemical Applications
Abstract:	High-energy, tunable, pulsed lasers are vital components in many state-of-the-art optical systems, including Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for standoff spectrochemical detection and analysis of explosives and other chemicals. In order to enhance the signal and improve repeatability, it is necessary to perform LIBS measurements in dual-pulse mode, with two short high-energy pulses with a variable delay. Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., in collaboration with Dr. Chandra Khattak from Crystal systems, Inc., proposes to develop a novel laser system specifically suited for double-pulse LIBS experiments, based on a new gain medium and a unique Q-switched cavity to extract the pulses in the required fashion. The laser will deliver pulses of ~10 ns width and 50-200 mJ energies with pulse separation between 1 and 10 s. It will be wavelength agile and will also have the capability for wavelength tuning.

GLOBAL ASSESSMENT LLC 3372 Edgewater Drive Orlando, FL 32804
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 491-6034 Dr. Shatha Samman ARMY 05-029 Selected for Award
Title:	Hands-Free or Limited-Manipulation Language Translation Tools for Non-Linguist Soldiers
Abstract:	The overall objective of this research is to design and build a portable and hands-free multimodal Arabic-English translation system that can utilize both verbal and non-verbal information and scenarios to facilitate communication between soldiers and Arab coalition partners as well as native Arabic speaking civilians. The specific objectives of the phase I research are to (1) review all currently available and near future prototype commercial off the shelf and government off the shelf language translation tools, as well as any multimodal technology that aids in limiting the need for hands-on manipulation in computing (including interface design, speech recognition and input control ergonomics), (2) explore the possibility and feasibility of developing scenario-based picture language and animations that can be used to communicate with minimal manipulation or hands-free interfaces, and (3) develop a design specification for a set of language translation tools that will allow limited but mission critical language translation for up to 3 operational scenarios. In Phase II, the development and testing of a prototype system in a realistic simulated environment will be undertaken.

DOMINCA, INC. 12111 Ranchitos Road, NE Albuquerque, NM 87122
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 822-0005 Dr. Nancy A. Winfree ARMY 05-030 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Blast Resistant Armor Appliqu�s
Abstract:	Armors that provide protection against blast do so through a number of mechanisms. Simple elastic mechanisms include reflection of the blast wave because of the armor's high impedance relative to air, and distribution of energy over a large area by wave propagation through the armor. Non-linear effects, such as plasticity and damage evolution, enhance the armor's effectiveness by dissipating mechanical energy. The goal of the work proposed here is to develop armor that utilizes "waiting elements," a concept that research suggests is capable of increasing the energy dissipated by plastic deformation or fracture. Waiting elements were proposed and studied by Professor Andrej Cherkaev, at the University of Utah, and his colleagues. Much of his mathematical analysis has been with lump-parameter models. The force-elongation behavior of the non-linear springs governs the dissipation of the material. Our goal is to transition the concept into practice. In Phase I we first create several armor concepts that seem feasible in terms of manufacturing. We then rely on finite-element methods and lumped-parameter models to predict the response of these concepts to blast, and to conduct parametric studies of their performance.

RKB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 223 Main Street West Point, MS 39773
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(662) 325-7580 Dr. Randal K. Buddington ARMY 05-031 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Development of Nutritional Supplements to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Diarrhea
Abstract:	Despite medical advances, infectious diarrheas continue to afflict most military personnel deployed overseas, particularly to battlefield settings, and reduce force size and efficiency. Because many pathogens causing diarrhea are resistant to antibiotics, there is a need for alternative therapeutics that will reduce the incidence and severity of diarrhea. Phase 1 work by RKB Technologies will test the concept that the incidence and severity of diarrhea can be reduced by chronic consumption of a food product (nutritional supplement) that includes a combination of agents that reduce densities of pathogens and enhance host immune functions. This will be accomplished using animal models of infectious diarrhea, and will focus on a food product with probiotics and prebiotics as antidiarrheal agents. A related objective is to determine if heat-killed probiotics or soluble factors that are secreted during culture can be used instead of viable bacteria, which are not compatible with the processing and long-term storage of MREs. Phase 2 work will evaluate other probiotics and prebiotics, and determine if efficacy can be increased by including additional components that confer other functional properties. The goal is to provide the military with a food product that increases resistance to infectious agents of diarrhea and other diseases

FORTIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2249 Federal Ave Los Angeles, CA 90064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 479-7599 Dr. Ken K. Ho ARMY 05-032 Selected for Award
Title:	Damping of Micro-scale Devices Using a Hybrid Magnetostrictive/Shape Memory Thin Film
Abstract:	Future combat systems will involve "smart" munitions with MEMS inertial measurement units (IMU) to control positioning and targeting. Precision targeting is problematic with these new IMU sensors because the vibration and shock during launch and flight can cause drift in the sensors. A passive vibration module is proposed to dampen these extraneous vibrations, such that precision targeting can be achieved. The dampen module utilizes a hybrid magnetostrictive/shape memory alloy thin film to passively dampen the mechanical vibrations. The module is compact and adds minimal mass and dimension to the packaged sensor. It is integrated at the die level and fabricated using MEMS compatible processes.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5215 Dr. Yan Zhang ARMY 05-033 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Ultrafast Detection and Tracking Using Retrodirective Random-Noise Monopulse Radar
Abstract:	We propose to build and deploy an innovative radar system combining retrodirective noise correlating (RNC) stage with random-noise monopulse tracking stage. The radar will not only detect inbound target with ultra-high speed, but also provide the angle-of-arrival (AOA) and range estimation almost simultaneously, furthermore, the technology has outstanding ECCM capability because of its wideband true random-noise waveform. The technology combines retrodirective antenna array, which provides `self-cueing' detection, and X-band coherent monopulse noise radar. The retrodirective array and first-stage correlator provide automatic beam steering and range gating, then monopulse processing generates target AOA and range estimation instantly from the second stage correlation. The entire detection/tracking time is only limited to RF propagation delay, no complicated DSP is needed.

MARK RESOURCES, INC. 3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 543-4746 Dr. Richard L. Mitchell ARMY 05-033 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Ultrafast Detection and Acquisition Radar for Ballistics Defense
Abstract:	MARK Resources has developed a practical radar concept to detect high-velocity projectiles at very short range in sufficient time for countermeasures. It will have a very fast reaction time, yet it will be small, lightweight, and inexpensive to develop. It is based on a non-scanning beam that continuously illuminates the entire 360� sector in azimuth, so that it can detect and track all incoming objects simultaneously, regardless of the number that happen to be in the air at any given time. The system will be designed to detect and track small bullets at the range of at least 100 meters. Not only will more countermeasures be available with the timely response, but it will also be able to use the tracks to direct accurate counterfire against the weapon.

PHYSICAL DOMAINS 3700 Cedarbend Dr. Glendale, CA 91214
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 795-3247 Ms. Elayne Brown ARMY 05-033 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Ultrafast Detection and Acquisition Radar for Ballistics Defense
Abstract:	This project entails the design and demonstration of a X-band retrodirective noise-correlating (RNC) radar designed specifically for bullet detection and shooter geolocation. Preliminary research carried out for the DoD (U.S. Army Research Office and DARPA) of such a system has already demonstrated that ultrafast detection and tracking of a bullet is possible owing to the unique modality that the RNC radar offers. The present Phase-I research will design and optimize such a system in X band and test it on small fast moving targets. Computer simulations (ADS) will be carried out in parallel to determine how far out in range the radar will acquire bullets as a function of its electronic gain and aperture (i.e., number of channels). To leverage the previous DoD research, an existing X-band breadboard will be adapted and implemented for the proposed experiments.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Michael G. Izenson ARMY 05-034 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Borazane Hydrogen Generator for Portable Fuel Cells
Abstract:	Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert hydrogen fuel directly to electric power and offer a lightweight and efficient power source for individual soldiers. However, technology for storing the hydrogen fuel is still too heavy to meet the Army's mission requirements. We propose to develop a very lightweight hydrogen generator based on borazane (H3NBH3). Our innovation is a unique packaging and thermal control system that will produce hydrogen on demand through controlled thermal decomposition of borazane. This approach can enable individual soldier power systems to meet the Army's challenging goals for energy density (1000 W-hr/kg). In Phase I we will prove feasibility through proof-of-concept testing and system design.

LYNNTECH, INC. 7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 693-0017 Dr. Alan Cisar ARMY 05-034 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Lightweight High Yield Borazane-fed Hydrogen Generator
Abstract:	With 19.6 wt% hydrogen in its composition, borazane (NH3BH3), a water soluble, non-cryogenic solid, is one of the most hydrogen rich solids around, and a promising means to deliver hydrogen for use in fuel cells. The hydrogen can be liberated by either hydrolysis or pyrolysis with a throttleable hydrolysis reactor producing a higher hydrogen yield from a given mass of borazane with no need for a pressure vessel and no high temperature heat signature. In this system hydrogen is generated at near ambient temperature through the catalyzed hydrolysis of an aqueous borazane solution. Lynntech proposes to develop a lightweight generator to produce hydrogen on demand through the controlled hydrolysis of borazane using water of almost any quality. This means that a soldier requiring 20 W of continuous power will only require about 400 g of fuel with an energy density of 3.6 Wh (when the hydrogen is consumed at typical fuel cell efficiency) and produce a net system energy density of =1.5 kWh/kg (including water that can be collected locally) for a 72 hr mission. To match a variable power demand, the rate of hydrogen generation can be varied to maximize the utilization of borazane.

PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORP. 153 Northboro Road Southborough, MA 01772
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 490-9960 Dr. Paul Osenar ARMY 05-034 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	A Compact Borazane Hydrogen Generator for a Soldier Fuel Cell Power System
Abstract:	Lightweight and compact power sources are a critical need to a broad range of defense, homeland security and communication applications. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen/air fuel cells coupled with chemical hydride fuels such as borazane which are gravimetrically high in extractable hydrogen content can provide quiet, lightweight solutions to the escalating energy demands of the modern soldier. Small, state-of-the-art PEM fuel cell systems have already been developed by Protonex Technology Corporation. Protonex is focused on developing a complete fuel cell based power solution (20W net electric) utilizing borazane fuel that will meet the difficult requirements for soldier power applications. The proposed system will be based on an innovative fueling design provided by snap-in borazane cartridges for prolonged mission length, maximum flexibility and high energy density.

R&D DYNAMICS CORP. 15 Barber Pond Road Bloomfield, CT 06002
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 726-1204 Dr. Giri Agrawal ARMY 05-035 Awarded: 16NOV05
Title:	Foil Face Seal For Advanced Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract:	There is a great need of gas turbine engines providing reduced specific fuel consumption (SFC), lower production and maintenance cost, and higher power to weight ratio. Innovative gas path seals are required to meet these goals and improve performance. Traditionally labyrinth seals have been used at various locations including at the hot turbine section of the engine. Significant amount of research has been done to replace these seals with brush, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic seals. None of these concepts have provided a satisfactory solution yet. Preliminary work has provided a foundation and cataylst that a foil face seal based on the theory of successful foil thrust bearings will greatly improve gas path seals required for advanced turbine engines. In Phase I, feasibility will be proven by analysis, design and limited testing. In Phase II, a full size foil face seal will be designed, built and laboratory tested in an environment similar to a gas turbine engine. In Phase III, the developed full foil face seal will be installed in an actual gas turbine engine and tested.

TPL, INC. 3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-4437 Mr. Kirk Slenes ARMY 05-036 Selected for Award
Title:	Functionally Reinforced Nanocomposite for Structural High Energy Density Capacitors
Abstract:	Future electromagnetic armor and gun systems will rely on large quantities of capacitive pulse power. At present, these capacitors represent a significant contribution to size and weight on mobile platforms, limiting their deploy-ability and strategic responsiveness. One method of minimizing mass and volume is to utilize capacitors as structural components. Significant savings could be achieved with capacitors engineered to carry structural loads so that vehicle structural components could be replaced with load-bearing, capacitive elements. Similarly, capacitive components could be used to replace a portion of vehicle armor. TPL proposes development of a structural, high energy density capacitor for electromagnetic weapons systems by applying a novel composite dielectric technology to an innovative capacitor design. TPL's high strength/stiffness nano-composite dielectric will be molded into an electrode structure (stainless steel wire mesh) that serves as structural reinforcement. The composite matrix will serve an energy storage and structural function while the electrode mesh will serve a current delivery and structural function. Laboratory and sub-scale capacitor models will be designed, fabricated and evaluated. The designs will be specific to the Army's electromagnetic weapons requirements. Evaluation will include electrical performance, structural performance and delivered energy density.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Harris Gold ARMY 05-037 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Low Parasitic Loss Solid Waste Preprocessor for Forward Waste to Energy Conversion
Abstract:	tba

TIAX LLC 15 Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 498-5658 Mr. John Bowman ARMY 05-037 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Solid Waste Preprocessor for Field Waste to Energy Conversion
Abstract:	TIAX and CQ Inc. propose to develop a solid waste preprocessor (SWP) system based on briquetting technology. Briquetting is a time-proven solid fuel preparation technique used widely around the world with a variety of feed stocks. This project addresses the two key challenges to developing a preprocessor system for the Army's waste to energy conversion system. The first challenge is to define the critical parameters of the required preprocessing steps that produce satisfactory briquettes. The second is to identify process equipment that can accomplish or be modified to accomplish these steps within size, weight, and performance requirements of the OFWECS. Phase I will define, through interaction with WEC developers and process testing, the critical parameters of the required preprocessing steps that produce satisfactory briquettes. An Optional Phase I will further identify process equipment manufacturers for the required components and develop plans to modify the equipment to be within the size, weight and performance requirements of the OFWECS Phase II will develop a prototype preprocessor/briquetter system based on the process parameters and preliminary design generated in Phase I that meets the requirement of and can be integrated with the WEC.

ENERGY RESEARCH CO. 2571-A Arthur Kill Road Staten Island, NY 10309
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(718) 608-0935 Dr. Arel Weisberg ARMY 05-038 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Optical Stand-Off Detection of Explosive Residue
Abstract:	Energy Research Company (ERCo) proposes the development of a novel and highly powerful sensor technology for detecting films and residues of explosive materials. This sensor will enable the detection of improvised explosive devices (IED's), car bombs, and other weapons being used against U.S. and allied forces and local civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan. By optically scanning surfaces that the bomber has likely touched, for example, car door handles and window sills, from distances as far as 10's of meters away, the sensor will detect explosive residues in a safe and discreet fashion. Given the persistent threat of terrorism in the U.S. and abroad, ERCo sees significant commercial opportunity from the development if this sensor. Following successful development of the sensor under the SBIR program, ERCo will manufacture and market the final system to security agencies for remote detection of IED's and other explosive devices at airports, chemical plants, and other potential terrorist targets. Experimental feasibility of ERCo's concept has been proven in the lab. In Phase I, we will extend these preliminary results to accurately gauge the system's operating envelope.

INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-7130 Dr. Glenn Bastiaans ARMY 05-038 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Time Correlation Enhanced Stand Off Raman Detection
Abstract:	Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a novel, highly sensitive stand-off detector for trace amounts of explosives. The most promising stand-off detection schemes for explosive residues are optical in nature but are limited in both sensitivity and range. The essential problem is in the light detection components and the signal processing algorithms, which do not allow sufficient signal to noise discrimination. Applying IOS' experience in Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) signal processing, it will be possible to extend the sensitivity of existing stand-off Raman spectroscopy residue detection systems by two orders of magnitude, extending the stand-off detection range by as much as an order of magnitude. Principal component analysis of the spectra, which IOS is already applying to concealed explosives detection, will provide rapid and unambiguous identification of even multiple component explosives residue. What distinguishes IOS is the way that IOS processes OTDR signals. It has already been shown that stand-off Raman spectroscopy works for explosive residue detection, though it currently lacks sensitivity. OTDR signal processing is also well known. IOS will combine these two approaches, and demonstrate that, by using time-correlation spectroscopy, we can digitally extract extremely small signals from a background many orders of magnitude larger.

MATSYS, INC. 504 Shaw Road Suite 215 Sterling, VA 20166
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 964-0400 Dr. Tony F Zahrah ARMY 05-039 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	Novel Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Abstract:	Materials and Manufacturing Systems, Inc. (MATSYS) proposes to develop a novel manufacturing technique for greatly increasing fine powder yield and improving particle size control by significantly increasing the supersonic gas jet length downstream of the nozzle tip to increase the length of the breakup region and maximize the breakup of the powder. This objective can be achieved by control of the atomizer chamber pressure. Typical controlled-atmosphere atomizers operate with chambers at or slightly above atmospheric pressure. However, if one drops the chamber pressure below atmospheric, one can effectively increase the expansion ratio of the atomizing gas, which produces slightly higher gas velocities and significantly longer supersonic gas jet lengths. The elongated jet lengths will improve atomization performance in the region well downstream of the nozzle, leading to the sought after high yields of fine particles. The ability to control the chamber pressure is the key factor that enables us to examine this previously unexplored processing space. During this program, we will atomize metallic glass compositions and demonstrate the strength of the approach to enhance fine powder yield and control particle size. Upon successful demonstration, this technique can be easily applied to different compositions and scaled for cost-effective, high volume production.

GENVAC AEROSPACE CORP. 110 Alpha Park Cleveland, OH 44143
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(440) 646-9946 Dr. James A. Dayton, Jr. ARMY 05-040 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Combined sub mm TWT and BWO with Biplanar Interdigital Circuit
Abstract:	We propose to develop a tunable one-Watt signal source, nominally centered at 650 GHz, comprised of a backward wave oscillator (BWO) that provides a signal that is amplified by a traveling wave tube (TWT). The BWO and the TWT are fabricated as a unit on the same substrate using standard silicon lithography and processes of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond that are proprietary to GENVAC. Both the BWO and the TWT utilize the novel biplanar interdigital slow wave circuit recently introduced by GENVAC. Utilizing a process discovered recently at GENVAC, widely available, cost effective silicon fabrication technology will be used to form a negative of the desired diamond structure that will serve as a mold for the deposition of the diamond. The structure will be formed in two halves and then accurately positioned and bonded using techniques routinely employed in the fabrication of liquid crystal displays. In order to provide precise alignment of the electron gun with the slow wave circuit, these elements will be formed as a single unit. A practical, credible, step-by-step process has been devised to fabricate the proposed BWO/TWT.

MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5799L Burke Centre Parkway Burke, VA 22015
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 250-6485 Dr. Jose E. Velazco ARMY 05-040 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Miniature Sub-millimeter Wave Magnetron Oscillator
Abstract:	We propose the development of a revolutionary miniature submillimeter-wave magnetron oscillator (SMO) that will provide multi-milliwatt terahertz radiation for applications requiring greater imaging resolution and higher communication bandwidth. The proposed SMO concept uses a cross-field arrangement wherein a rotating electron beam interacts with the fields of a multi-vane cylindrical cavity. The electron beam, produced by a micron-sized cold-cathode, is used to generate a high-power wave inside the cavity. The SMO should be easily fabricated using state-of-the-art MEMS microfabrication technology, and will be a pioneering step towards combining vacuum tube technology with solid-state microfabrication technology. Some of the applications for these new exciting devices include standoff detection of concealed weapons and biological hazards, tabletop accelerators, terahertz high-resolution radar, THz chemical and biological sensing, commercial THz line-of-sight networking and ultrahigh-speed computers. Detailed numerical and computational analysis of this concept are is proposed during Phase I in order to evaluate key issues such as stability, maximum output power and efficiency. Once successfully developed, the SMO will be the basis for a new generation of high power submillimeter-wave sources capable of producing ultrahigh frequency radiation with high efficiency in an amazingly compact and lightweight package.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Robert Kline-Schoder ARMY 05-041 Awarded: 28NOV05
Title:	Two-Way Bone Conduction Communication System for High Noise Environments
Abstract:	Bone conduction communication has the potential to offer many advantages for communication between Army personnel carrying out their missions. This will be especially important for the Future Force Warrior (FFW) where stealth operations, hearing protection, or environmental noise will make communication with acoustic conduction either impossible or not advisable. The goal of this project is to develop a two-way bone conduction communication system with high output and low leakage. Our bone conduction communication system will consist of novel micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) transducers custom designed and packaged for use in transmission and reception of bone-conducted sounds. Our bone conduction system promises to overcome the limitations of existing technology by providing high levels of directional transmittal of sound and highly sensitive directional reception of sound. We will design our bone conduction communication system to meet the guidelines detailed in MIL-STD-1472F and will verify the performance with laboratory and field tests. During the Phase I project, we will prove the feasibility of our innovation by building a scaled model of our design and comparing the performance of our design to existing technologies. During Phase II, we will design, implement, evaluate, and deliver fully functional prototypes to the Army.

SHEET DYNAMICS, LIMITED 1775 Mentor Avenue, Suite 302 Cincinnati, OH 45212
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 631-0579 Mr. Stuart Shelley ARMY 05-041 Selected for Award
Title:	An ultrasonic bone conducted communication system
Abstract:	An ultrasonic based bone conduction communication system is proposed that will have negligible coupling of the exciter to the ambient acoustic environment or of the bone conduction microphone to ambient sound. This will significantly incease communication intelligibility in high noise environments and increase the stealth of communication in very quiet environments. The physics of the approach is well established and published research in the medical field provides initial exerimental verification of feasibility of the approach. In addition, appropriate coupling mechanisms are proposed that will provide efficient, robust and comfortable coupling of transducers to a wearers skull.

ULTRA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 310 Via Vera Cruz, Suite 105 San Marcos, CA 92078
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 420-3486 Dr. Charles Kuznia ARMY 05-042 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	Alignment Tolerant Optical Connector with Active Regenerative Element
Abstract:	We investigate a method of embedding a small active optical component within a backplane connector module. The optical component is a multi-channel parallel optic transceiver that receives and regenerates multiple optical channels at data rates above 40 Gbps.

ZIVA CORP. 6160 Lusk Blvd, C-206 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 735-2496 Dr. Anis Husain ARMY 05-042 Awarded: 10DEC05
Title:	ACTIVE ALIGNMENT CORRECTION WITH VERTICAL CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER (VCSOA)
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR proposal, Ziva proposes to investigate the feasibility of developing an optical connector between a board and a backplane which not only provides optical regeneration but is alignment tolerant, scalable in bandwidth to >40Gbps, operates with very low interchannel crosstalk, provides high connection density as well as having layout flexibility and process and cost compatibility with mainstream electronic manufacturing. Ziva's unique solution is derived from the remarkable properties of Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (VCSOA) to provide amplification gain of >20dB and be able to achieve >40Gbps direct modulation. This low cost optical amplifier device can be fabricated in dense arrays providing low cost high areal density solutions for amplification, while being able to provide self induced optical beam re-alignment to relax board to board optical alignment tolerances. The anticipated results of this effort are to demonstrate the basic concept of the alignment tolerant optical connector with gain in Phase I and develop this concept further into an array connector demo in Phase II.

INTER MATERIALS, LLC 623 Muirfield Court Richmond, VA 23236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(804) 378-6034 Dr. Francisco Folgar ARMY 05-043 Awarded: 21NOV05
Title:	Low Cost Manufacturing of Ballistic Helmets
Abstract:	One of the US Army's priority R&D areas has been focused on lightening the load carried by the soldier. Much of this concentrates on personnel body armor such as ballistic vests and helmets. Recent composite material developments using aramid fabrics coated with thermoplastic resins and graphite fabric-epoxy skins demonstrate potential not only to meet/exceed all structural and ballistic requirements; but also to reduce weight of the current helmets. INTER Materials (INTER) is in a unique position to assist the US Army in developing a new manufacturing process to mold thermoplastic composite ballistic helmets with graphite-epoxy skins based on: 1) INTER has developed an innovative technology for cost-effectively molding thermoplastic matrix composite helmets that takes less time than the current compression molding process used for the PASGT helmet; 2) INTER technology would allow the US Army to incorporate the same ballistic protection with significant weight and cost reduction; and 3) the INTER process has great commercial potential because it takes advantage of 80% of the existing helmet manufacturing infrastructure and; 4)INTER has ongoing working relationships with a major US helmet manufacturer and international military markets.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Ms. Karin Karg ARMY 05-044 Selected for Award
Title:	Spray Formed Aluminum Armor Plate (1000-780)
Abstract:	Triton Systems Inc, Aluminum Consultants Group and, the Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University propose to develop spray formed aluminum armor plate using their Spray Metal Forming (SMF) facility. This laboratory has produced alloys with strength in excess of 115 ksi with elongation in excess of 8%. These alloys can only be fabricated using a rapid solidification process such as the SMF process used at the Applied Research Lab at PSU. This high performance aluminum answers a need for lightweight armor. Although not a replacement for steel, the proposed high performance aluminum, for certain threat levels can be significantly lighter than a steel solution. Rapid solidification processes such as SMF offer distinct advantages over conventional ingot metallurgy processing. Due to cooling rates on the order 103 to 105 K/s, bulk material produced using the SMF process exhibits enhanced mechanical properties due to the resultant fine grain size homogeneous distribution of second phases and the absence of macro-segregation. In certain alloy systems, a high volume fraction of fine (0.05 to 0.2 mm) intermetallic dispersoids may be obtained in SMF material processed at higher cooling rates. Large plates of this high performance aluminum will be fabricated for ballistic testing.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Jay C. Rozzi ARMY 05-045 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Laser-Assisted Seamless Joining of Ceramic Gun Barrels
Abstract:	Recent advances in armament munitions technology driven by increased muzzle velocity and range specifications require the consideration of silicon nitride ceramic materials for the inner bore of gun barrels. While this material is an excellent candidate, the tight dimensional tolerances required limit the ceramic tube length to 200 mm or less. Hence, innovative joining techniques are required to produce long gun barrel liners that are 1 m or greater in length. Our innovation is a novel, laser-assisted, seamless joining (LASJ) technique that enables localized, controllable, and uniform heating to create a joint that approaches the strength of the virgin material. This novel process combines recent advances in seamless joining with the flexibility of controlled laser heating. Current approaches are hampered by the need for large, inflexible facilities and elaborate control systems. In contrast to current techniques, our approach is compact, flexible, controllable, and affordable.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Chaolin Hu ARMY 05-045 Selected for Award
Title:	Joining of Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications (1000-739)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. (TSI) is proposing a joining method for silicon nitride tubular sections that addresses many of the unique technical and manufacturing challenges associated with gun barrel liner fabrication. The approach involves the use of an interlocking tube-tube joint design and brazing material (plus grain refiners). Localized heating, combined with preferential pressurization, ensures adequate flow and wetting of the brazing material on the faying surfaces. A subsequent post brazing cycle further converts the brazing material within the joint to compatible nitride compound and stabilizes the joint. Compared to conventional ceramic joining techniques based on metallic brazes, we believe our approach offers the following advantages for gun barrel applications: � Brazing material readily wets silicon nitride to produce a sound, pressure-tight, pore free joint. � Subsequent conversion of the brazing material to nitride compound affords numerous performance advantages: 1) superior ability to withstand repeated exposures to high temperature, 2) elimination/mitigation of thermal expansion mismatch stresses (common in ceramics joined with metallic brazes) increases joint shock resistance. � The use of localized heating (tube furnace, induction coil, etc.) simplifies tooling design and full-scale liner assembly and, therefore, offers more options for transitioning the design and process to a production environment.

FIRST RF CORP. 4865 Sterling Drive, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Mr. Farzin Lalezari ARMY 05-046 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Distributed Antenna Applications for Body Worn Platforms
Abstract:	Wearable electronics are of significant interest in several military and commercial applications. The goal of this technology is to optimize performance over a broad bandwidth while minimizing impact on the user. FIRST RF proposes to develop and deliver field-expedient prototypes and models of at least five different technologies for wearable multi-function distributed antenna systems for Land Warrior/Ground Soldier applications, available for immediate testing and human engineering in a battalion unit for the development of network-centric Army operations. Miniaturized separate antennas are proposed for the GPS and EPLRS systems to facilitate rapid development of these products in order to test and develop field-ready hardware in the shortest possible timeframe. The proposed solutions are practical and can be readily manufactured for prompt delivery to the Army war fighter. In order to better assess the suitability of these antennas, each of the prototypes and models that has been developed for this proposal will be delivered to Army in the Phase I kickoff meeting.

POWDERMET, INC. 24112 Rockwell drive Euclid, OH 44117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 404-0053 Dr. Jun Nable ARMY 05-047 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Low Cost and Scalable Systems for Synthesizing Tungsten Nanopowders
Abstract:	nanocrsytalline tunbsten has the potential to meet or exceed the performance of depleted uranium. unfortunately, no current scalable, domestic source exists for the production of 10-40nm tunsten powders that can be consolidated into nanocrystalline tungsten. I this program Powdermet, a world leader in engineered refractory metal powder technology, will develop carbonyl synthesis and oxide fast reduction techniques to produce spherical, nano-sized tungsten powders.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2312 Dr. Steven D. Dietz ARMY 05-047 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Inexpensive Process for Tungsten Nanopowder Production
Abstract:	Nanostructured tungsten has the potential of exceeding the performance of depleted uranium in kinetic energy devices. To make full density bulk nanocrystalline tungsten, the tungsten powder needs to be less that 20 nm in size, but there currently is no inexpensive and scalable method to mass-produce nanosized tungsten powders. In this Phase I SBIR project, TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) will develop an inexpensive and scalable process for the production of tungsten nanopowders. The process will use low-cost tungsten precursors and conventional production methods. To demonstrate the process, at the end of the project we will produce 1 kg of tungsten powder and analyze the particle size and impurity content. Finally, we will evaluate the potential for process to be scaled to greater than 2 kg/hr and estimate the cost of production.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Bryan V. Bergeron ARMY 05-048 Selected for Award
Title:	New Ionic Salts for Green Insensitive Munitions Materials
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI), University of Idaho Chemistry Department (U. Id.), and ATK Thiokol (ATK) propose to model, synthesize, characterize, and combust new solid ingredients as green substitutes for RDX and AP. The materials contain very high nitrogen content within the chemical structure, thereby ensuring a large energy release. Predicted energy densities from these ionic salt propellant ingredients will be higher than those obtained from purely covalent compounds. Modeling software will be used to predict chemical densities, heats of formation (Hf), and explosive properties. Two of the most promising compounds will be synthesized and their densities and Hf measured. The materials will be combusted and the pressure and temperature responses recorded. Co crystals comprised of a new ionic salt and a green oxidizer will be produced and tested. Thermochemical calculations will be performed to predict gas products, adiabatic flame temperatures, and specific impulses due to decomposition/combustion. Impact and toxicology tests will be conducted and the results compared to those of RDX and AP. In Phase II, new propellant ingredients will be modeled, synthesized, characterized, and incorporated within formulations containing co-oxidizers and/or binder to meet or exceed current IM test criteria.

ZIMMERMAN ASSOC., INC. 9302 Lee Highway, Suite 600 Fairfax, VA 22031
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 371-3584 Dr. Patrick W. Johnson ARMY 05-049 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	A Multifunction UWB Radar Sensor for Enhanced Helicopter Flight Safety and Minefield Detection
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal is directed at the development of the design for a helicopter radar landing aid to assist the pilot in landing in brown out or white out conditions where the helicopter is engulfed in a cloud of sand or snow as it descends. The proposed down-looking, time modulated ultra wideband (TM-UWB) radar is to be mounted on the bottom of the fuselage of the helicopter. This small and short range radar will use a dual orthogonal linear array antenna and multiple parallel and independent low power channels to form a three dimensional image of the landing area beneath the descending helicopter. The virtual image generated by the system will be displayed and will allow the pilot to observe all obstacles and gullies beneath the helicopter. The system will provide the pilot with the ability to ensure that each of the aircraft's landing gear is clear of obstacles or depressions.

UNIVERSAL DISPLAY CORP. 375 Phillips Blvd Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 671-0980 Mrs. Anna Chwang ARMY 05-050 Selected for Award
Title:	Flexible and Conformal Environmental Barrier Technology for Displays
Abstract:	The goal of this U.S. Army SBIR program is to develop a novel low cost, multi-layer thin film encapsulation system to enable the in-flex use of AMOLED displays. Universal Display Corporation (UDC) is developing advanced flexible OLED (FOLEDr) technology based on its proprietary high-efficiency phosphorescent OLED (PHOLEDT) and transparent OLED (TOLEDT) technologies. The development of a low stress plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) flexible multilayer encapsulant, deposited in a single deposition chamber using a single precursor gas, in combination with UDC FOLED technology, is the best solution to meet the Army's flexible barrier requirements. These technologies should enable long lived rugged displays that can withstand repetitive flexing for a variety of mobile display applications, including truly roll-out displays, having long lifetime and low power consumption. In Phase 1 we propose to demonstrate extended lifetime PHOLED pixels on glass substrates using a multilayer PECVD grown encapsulant. In a Phase 1 option, this encapsulation process will be applied to top emission pixels. For a subsequent Phase 2 program, we will model the mechanical properties to further optimize and reduce stress in the multilayer stack, demonstrate flexible and low power consumption AMOLED displays on metal substrates, and evaluate the encapsulant flexibility.

HIGH PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 11955 Freedom Drive, Suite 1100 Reston, VA 20190
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 707-2700 Dr. Charles Cornwell ARMY 05-051 Selected for Award
Title:	Microstructural Reconstruction and Three-Dimensional Mesh Generation for Polycrystalline Materials
Abstract:	The Department of Defense's (DoD) Materials by Design program cannot achieve its ultimate goal of discovery, design, and optimization of materials with the novel properties needed to meet current and future needs of the DoD. Government researchers do not have the tools necessary to construct realistic material models capable of making a quantitative connection with real-world materials. High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) proposes to develop a method for constructing realistic three-dimensional (3D) material models that make a quantitative connection with real-world materials and contain all of the parameters necessary to characterize the initial state of the material. The method uses a combination of experimental and computational techniques to capture the relevant features of the microstructure. It then uses this information to guide the construction of the 3D digital model. This method provides an automated microstructure and grid-generation process that produces accurate 3D digital microstructure models validated by direct comparison to experimental data. HPTi has assembled a team of researchers with expertise in computational science, material science, and grid generation and optimization. We support this technical expertise with the necessary program management, computer science, and software design expertise.

SIMMETRIX, INC. 10 Halfmoon Executive Park Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 348-1639 Dr. Ottmar Klaas ARMY 05-051 Selected for Award
Title:	Polycrystalline Microstructure Reconstruction and Meshing
Abstract:	Thermo-mechanical processing of ceramics and metallic alloys, some polymers and composites comprised of a mixture of these materials exist as bulk aggregates of single crystalline lattices. Understanding the physical mechanisms responsible for the dynamic response of those materials subjected to large strain at high stress rates is very important. From experimental observations statistical data describing the newly developed materials are available. The objective of this SBIR is to define a set of interoperable software components to support the effective reconstruction and meshing of the microstructures, and tie them together through a graphical user interface. In detail, this SBIR will provide tools that (i) produce 3D microstructures for polycrystalline materials from the given statistical description of these microstructures, (ii) quantitatively gauge the accuracy of the microstructures with regards to the given statistics, (iii) create a non-manifold boundary representation appropriate for automatic mesh generation from the microstructure, (iv) mesh the non-manifold boundary models and provide adaptive control of the meshes generated, (v) allow the user to control the definition and execution of the reconstruction and meshing process through a graphical user environment.

EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 771-0203 Dr. Silviu Velicu ARMY 05-052 Awarded: 07NOV05
Title:	Advanced High Operating Temperature Mid-Wave Infrared Sensors
Abstract:	High sensitivity HgCdTe infrared arrays operating at 77K can now be tailored in a wide range of wavelengths. However, the cooling requirements make them bulky and unsuitable for many DOD applications. We propose two novel approaches to increase their operating temperature. In the first approach, we will demonstrate p-d-n equilibrium HgCdTe detectors. Because of the lack of symmetry between the valence and conduction bands in HgCdTe, the lifetimes in d-type material are higher than those in n-type layers. The challenge of implementing a p-d-n HgCdTe detector is to obtain low p-type doping in the absorber region. Arsenic will be introduced by a novel technique based on implantation and diffusion by thermal annealing. In the second approach, p-d-n devices developed in the first approach will be operated under non-equilibrium conditions. In non-equilibrium operation the minority carriers are extracted to one side of the active area of a detector and the contact to the other side prevents their replenishment. As a consequence, the carrier concentration is decreased dramatically. This leads to increases in recombination lifetimes, dynamic impedances and detectivities. To implement these two approaches, we propose to use HgCdTe infrared materials grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) directly on large area (3-5") silicon substrates with CdTe buffer layers.

ATMOSPHERIC & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, INC. 131 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 761-2288 Dr. Hilary Snell ARMY 05-053 Selected for Award
Title:	An Accurate, Efficient Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Algorithm for TAWS
Abstract:	A core process for sensor performance prediction is the radiative transport algorithm used to convert the scene environmental characteristics into radiance. Numeric approximations are often used to enhance execution time at the expense of overall radiometric accuracy. However, many radiative transfer approximations have limited applicability, working only for a set of atmospheric conditions, sensor configurations, or geometry. The use of approximations to the full radiative transfer solution is not always the best approach and in the ideal case the user would have the ability to tune both radiometric accuracy and the execution time to achieve the ideal balance for a particular problem. Since TAWS supports sensors in multiple wavebands, consistent physics across multiple wavebands is highly advantageous. We propose to extend our OSS radiative transfer module for TAWS to meet the radiative transfer requirements (all view angles and for a full range of scattering conditions) in an extremely computationally efficient manner without cumbersome approximations or discontinuities. Replacing the current radiative transfer model in TAWS with OSS would provide connectivity to state-of-art spectroscopic parameters for molecules, clouds, aerosols and surface properties, and would provide a straightforward path for future enhancements such as the inclusion of polarization effects within the model.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Dr. Prabhat Acharya ARMY 05-053 Selected for Award
Title:	Rapid Multiple-Scattering Radiative Transfer Algorithm for Target Acquisition Weapons Software
Abstract:	Scene simulations are increasingly used for electro-optical sensor design, performance evaluation, and data analysis over a wide range of environment and engagement conditions. For Army ground-to-ground scenarios, Target Acquisition Weapons Software (TAWS) is used to determine target-to-background contrast for optical bandpasses over many lines-of-sight (LOS's). This quantity is highly dependent on single scattering and multiple scattering (MS) of solar flux. The present delta-Eddington MS method used in TAWS is insufficiently accurate for the battlespace-critical horizontal and near-horizontal LOS's. A more accurate radiative transfer (RT) method with little or no sacrifice in computational speed is needed. Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) proposes to develop a fast and highly accurate RT capability based on scattering methods used in MODTRAN(TM), together with SSI's state-of-the-art correlated-k algorithm, kURT, to compute in-band contrast radiances. The result will be a general atmospheric RT software package with unprecedented fidelity and speed. Re-use of MS calculations will provide an overall speed comparable to the current TAWS or better. Phase I will demonstrate the approach using prototype code elements. In Phase II the software package will be fully developed and integrated into TAWS.

THERMOANALYTICS, INC. 23440 Airpark Blvd, P.O. Box 66 Calumet, MI 49913
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(906) 482-9560 Dr. Larry R. Coke ARMY 05-053 Selected for Award
Title:	Integrated Horizontal Line-of-Sight TAWS Model
Abstract:	To estimate the diffuse solar radiative flux for visual wavelengths in the atmosphere, TAWS (Target Acquisition Weapons Software) currently employs a delta-Eddington method combined with a plane-parallel atmospheric model. This method and the plane-parallel atmospheric model do not provide sufficient accuracy for HLOS calculations. To handle Army HLOS scenarios, TAWS requires a new technique to compute the diffuse solar radiative flux for visual wavelengths. While exact radiative transfer techniques can calculate this flux accurately, their direct application is too computationally expensive for use in deployed target acquisition and mission planning software. ThermoAnalytics, in conjunction with Northrop Grumman, and Atmospheric Physics professor Dr. Alex Kostinski, proposes an alternative approach of combining an interpolation procedure with the newly improved MODTRAN 4v3r1-based scaled Isaac's 2-stream multiple scattering option. This recent MODTRAN improvement uses DISORT calculations performed at a few fixed spectral points with an external interpolation scheme to reduce the required number of path calculations while achieving near-DISORT accuracy in the 400-700 nanometer band. The interpolation procedure will be designed around the TAWS software architecture. This task will require tuning under various TAWS scenarios to determine optimal strategy for balancing speed and accuracy.

BONNER MOTOR CORP. 15230 Carrousel Way Rosemount, MN 55068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 267-1572 Mr. Walter Schmied ARMY 05-054 Awarded: 28NOV05
Title:	Low Fuel-Consumption, High-Altitude Capable, Heavy-Fuel Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Concepts for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV)
Abstract:	Internal Combustion engines (IC) are bound in their ability to create power primarily by the volume of air an engine is able to deliver to the combustion chamber. This formula has particular import at high altitude, where air pressure decreases, resulting in a correlative power loss. Traditional solutions for generating higher compensating air pressure are limited to external add-on devices such as turbochargers and superchargers. These external devices carry penalties with regard to complexity, fuel inefficiency, weight, reliability and cost. We propose a means of generating massive and variable boost to maintain engine power at high altitude. Our proposal utilizes an internal engine chamber which would automatically calibrate and compensate for lapse rate at all altitudes without added weight, complexity, size or cost. It can be expected that this approach to altitude compensation would significantly increase the payload and range of UAV's over traditional turbo and supercharged solutions. With 1D and 3D computer analysis, we expect to model the internal altitude compensation chamber to work in conjunction with an internal variable compression component. Together, they will produce the ability to supply a constantly optimal and massive boost to any aircraft without penalty as regards weight, size, cost or complexity.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 10F GIll Street Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 932-5667 Mr. Michael King ARMY 05-056 Awarded: 09NOV05
Title:	Pultruded Lightweight Integral Rotorcraft Armor
Abstract:	Helicopters aircrews and transported troops are vulnerable to small arms fire and shrapnel. Current helicopter armor imposes severe performance penalties due to its high weight. In most cases, armor system weight limits the ability of designers to provide desired levels of personnel protection. KaZaK's proposes an integral armor solution that is cost effective, thin in profile and compatible with a myriad of environmental threats. It employs a unique composite laminate technology coupled with a novel ceramic arrangement for projectile fragmentation and deflection. KaZaK's solution will meet, and possibly even exceed, Army goals for cost effectiveness and projectile defeat. Our proposed system solution involves placement of armor in two locations. A flexible armor appliqu� will be positioned on the interior surface of the helicopter's existing outer skin. In addition, the existing helicopter floor will be replaced with a new KaZaK-designed armored composite sandwich deck. By using convenient and available space between layers of the armor system, the overall weight of the protective system can be reduced. As an additional benefit, we expect the Army will see a significant reduction in repair and maintenance cost associated with puncture and impact damage to the thin skins typical of current helicopter cargo decks.

ADVANCED OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 6767 Old Madison Pike, Suite 410 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 971-0036 Dr. Stephen Granade ARMY 05-057 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	Helicopter Remote Manipulation of External Slingloads (HERMES)
Abstract:	Helicopter operations in low visibility conditions and sling load operations continue to add risk to aviation operations. If slingloads could be picked up without use of a ground crew, lives could be saved. In addition, a sensor that could detect obstacles as well as the load would help in low-visibility conditions. We propose to develop such a system. It will include the mechanical structures necessary for uncrewed operation and automatic electrical grounding of the helicopter, the sensors for locating the loads and surrounding obstacles, and integration in both the helicopter technical systems and the operational procedures for acquiring external loads. In this approach, the ground crew will only set the load in place and ensure that the latching mechanism is properly deployed. Our baseline approach is to modify existing technologies. For the external load hook mechanisms, use a variant of an existing automatic docking system such as Michigan Aerospace's Autonomous Microsatellite Docking System (AMDS). For sensors, use two different sensing technologies. The first locates the load's hook mechanism location with respect to the helicopter's hook. The second scans the surroundings and provide information about altitude and obstacle location. The information is given to the crew through one or more monitors.

STIRLING DYNAMICS, INC. 4030 Lake Washington Blvd NE, Suite 205 Kirkland, WA 98033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 827-7476 Dr. Robert Stirling ARMY 05-058 Awarded: 09NOV05
Title:	Active Control Inceptors Using Smart Material Motion Control
Abstract:	Active force-feedback control inceptors are gaining acceptance for potential future use in new and retrofit Army helicopter programs. Current active inceptor types use electric motors, gearboxes and linkages in a closed loop servo system to provide the necessary feel quality and functionality. These units successfully meet the performance requirements, but are expensive and mechanically complex. Smart materials technology can be applied to the development of simpler, lighter and less expensive active inceptors that can be produced to meet the same space, performance and reliability standards. The research program will investigate the use of smart materials to provide motion control actuation for active inceptors that are suitable for both flightworthy applications and flight simulators. Various issues of design and performance need to be researched before the performance potential is established, and a realistic specification will be developed for an initial prototype demonstrator unit. All smart material types will be considered, including piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys. Phase I is aimed at establishing basic feasibility of the concept and applying it to a specific active inceptor type selected for this project. Phase II will extend the research into a more detailed evaluation, including manufacture and test of an actual prototype unit.

APS MATERIALS, INC. 4011 Riverside Drive Dayton, OH 45405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 278-6547 Michael Willson ARMY 05-059 Awarded: 08NOV05
Title:	Advanced Damping Technologies for Small Turbine Engines
Abstract:	Innovative damping methods for small turbine engines are needed by the Army and other military and commercial interests. The plasma sprayed coating process provides a method for successfully achieving the required damping for the newer high efficiency turbine engines that experience high "g " loads between 800 �F and 2000 �F. Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings have demonstrated significant damping from room temperature to 600 �F when impregnated with viscoelastic polymeric materials. The Phase I project will investigate methods of plasma spraying thin (100 to 300 mm thick) metal and/or ceramic damping coatings containing high temperature materials that exhibit viscoelastic properties (VEM) applied to super alloy test plates and simulated airfoils. The plasma spray process will be optimized to achieve maximum damping values while maintaining the required mechanical coating properties, including tensile, shear, and fatigue strength. Other coating properties of interest in the Phase I Option include erosion resistance and "creep" resistance of the VEM. The studies will include the use of high temperature materials with viscoelastic properties for use between 800 �F and 2000 �F. These VEM materials will be blended or otherwise incorporated with the ceramic plasma spray powder feedstock before plasma spraying in an effort to create unique damping coatings for small turbine engines.

HERMAN ADVANCED ENGINEERING, INC. 4337 Wyandotte Woods Blvd Dublin, OH 43016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 530-4824 Dr. Herman Shen ARMY 05-059 Awarded: 10NOV05
Title:	Advanced Damping Technologies for Small Turbine Engines
Abstract:	A novel nano-technology will be developed to systematically organize and manipulate stress-induced irreversible movement of the magnetic atom domain walls of a thin magneto-mechanical foil (~0.001 inch) surface bonded on critical turbine engine components (blades, blisks/IBRs and shafts/bearings) for enhancing not only high damping and but also resistance to wear, erosion, fatigue, fracture, and corrosion. The idea is to systematically analyze, and further organize and manipulate the crystal lattice in conjunction with a surface heat treatment for achieving the low internal stresses and maximum domain wall movement for enhancing damping and surface hardness. The proposed efforts include: (1) characterization and identification of magneto-mechanical foils stress/strain dependent nature associated with the damping mechanism and capabilities to resist wear, fatigue, fracture, erosion, & corrosion at various temperature levels, (2) development of testing procedures to characterize the dynamic, fatigue, wear, and fracture properties of bonded specimens and blades, (3) an analytical framework will be developed to assess and reengineer the microstructures of the stress/strain dependent magneto-mechanical foils for enhancing high damping and surface hardness, and (4) several effective bonding procedures/processes, such as electron beam diffusion bonding and adhesive bonding, will be also developed for joining the thin foil to the surfaces of real engine components.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Peter Chen ARMY 05-061 Awarded: 20NOV05
Title:	Structural Integrity Monitoring System
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed work is to develop and fabricate a wireless, self powered smart sensor system based on an array of piezoelectric materials to measure strain in dynamic components for Army aircraft and helicopters. The main objectives of the Phase I effort are to investigate the feasibility, affordability and applicability of a class of smart sensors and advanced processing that can be: (1) powered by energy harvested from the environment of the sensor, (2) operated wirelessly as part of an open, standards based network, and (3) packaged into an affordable unit for military and commercial applications. In order to avoid the maintenance overhead of post processing the Gigabytes of data that can easily be generated by monitoring systems, our smart sensor concept includes a wireless sensor module that is capable of recording and on-board processing of the collected data to generate key usage parameters sufficient to assess the health of the vehicle.

FLYNN RESEARCH 25409 Timberlake Trail Greenwood, MO 64034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(816) 537-5306 Mr. Charles Flynn ARMY 05-062 Awarded: 01NOV05
Title:	High Power Density Electric Generator for Army Rotorcraft
Abstract:	Parallel Path Magnetic Technology, PPMT, is a breakthrough technology that uses permanent magnets in a novel way resulting in a greatly enhanced electrical power generation system. High efficiencies and power densities are achieved by the utilization of two cooperating commutation systems, electrical and magnetic and two sources of flux electrical and permanent magnet. The electrical flux source is placed in series with the external electrical load and when controlled by the dual commutation system provides a cooperating `motor effect' that results in reduced generator `drag'. The proposed PPMT generator is a brush less hybrid generator with all of the active elements, coils and rare earth permanent magnets mounted on the stator. The rotor, composed of silicon steel, commutates the flux thru the coils in a proper sequence. The second commutation system, either optical or hall sensors, determines which coils supply power to the external load. This commutation system allows for great flexibility in controlling the quantity of the delivered electrical power, thereby reducing the component count in the power regulator. The proposed PPMT generator offers huge advantages over conventional power generation systems as will be demonstrated in the submitted technical proposal.

INNOVATIVE POWER SOLUTIONS, LLC 373 South Street Eatontown, NJ 07724
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 522-1075 Mr. Scott Jacobs ARMY 05-062 Awarded: 03NOV05
Title:	High Power Density Electric Generator for Army Rotorcraft
Abstract:	The US Army helicopter fleet consists of upgraded helicopters that were originally designed in the 70's and 80's. The more electric aircraft philosophy has put a strain on electrical systems, and has exhausted their growth potential. Replacing the generator on an existing engine/gearbox poses a challenge because of weight, overhung moment, and space limits. Therefore, most likely the only solution to these issues is to provide a generator with more power that meets the original requirements. In simpler terms a generator with higher Power Density is desirable. Improved stress, thermal and rotor dynamic software packages allow the designer to optimize the mechanical design and minimize weight with no sacrifice in component integrity. Furthermore, improvements in production equipment make thin walled housings affordable which are significantly lighter than castings with thicker walls due the inherent porosity of the cast material. IPS team members all of whom where AlliedSignal employees were involved in the design and production of both the Longbow Apache and Blackhawk helicopter generators. IPS is currently overhauling the Apache and Blackhawk generators IPS has increased the power of an oil-cooled generator by 57% and designed an air-cooled generator for the P3 aircraft with a 66% increase in power density.

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY, INC. 455 N. Jackson Ave. University City, MO 63130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 878-8327 Mr. William Fujimoto ARMY 05-063 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	A CAD Tool for Virtual Laser Shock Peening of Rotorcraft Components
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop a test-validated CAD tool for performing virtual laser shock peening(LSP) simulations of rotorcraft components. Virtual LSP peening can be used, in conjunction with virtual fatigue testing, to conduct simulations to assess the effects of variations in process parameters, i.e., laser beam power density and size, number of layers, and the overlay pattern, on the durability and damage tolerance of components such as gears and shafts. The foundation for the virtual LSP is a hybrid empirical/analytical process model of laser peening which allows the residual stress and plastic strain distributions throughout a member to be predicted from the process parameters and from the beam overlay pattern. The hybrid empirical/analytical process model combines parametric test data, along with the elastic strain solution for a half-space subjected to blast pressure loading, to synthesize, via the method of strain invariance, an approximate elastoplastic solution to the equations governing the propagation into the material of a shock wave formed by the laser pulse. The process model is computationally efficient, and allows estimates of the residual stress distribution, the part distortion due to the plastic strains, and the crack nucleation and crack growth lives to be obtained by straightforward CAD modeling operations. The CAD tool will also have, in addition to the virtual LSP simulation capability, a virtual shot peening capability, so that hybrid peening schemes involving LSP peening followed by a final layer of LSP peening can be evaluated. The feasibility of using such a tool to shorten the manufacturing process development time for a laser peened gear will be demonstrated and validated via testing in Phase II.

DEFORMATION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7261 Engle Road, Suite 105 Cleveland, OH 44130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(440) 234-8477 Dr. B. Lynn Ferguson ARMY 05-063 Awarded: 04NOV05
Title:	Design Tool for Fatigue Sensitive Steel Rotorcraft Components
Abstract:	In modernizing its rotorcraft fleet, the US Army has identified the need to increase the horsepower of existing rotorcraft transmissions without sacrificing component life, and also the need for new transmission designs with higher power density capacity and improved durability. The concept of improving durability without enlarging the current transmission envelop or imposing changes that would require new part qualifications is attractive from standpoints of cost and time savings. The Laser shock peening (LSP) process has this potential. A non-contact method, LSP can improve the fatigue life by achieving high levels of residual compression to significant depths in a part. While LSP is used commercially for other aerospace materials and parts for life improvement, it has not been used on carburized steels. In Phase I, carburized and quench hardened Pyrowearr 53 steel test bars will be treated using LSP to determine the effects of initial stress state of the part and process parameters on residual stress. A finite element process model will be developed and validated to provide the basis of a design tool that can be used to assess potential applications of LSP for transmission components and to predict the level of fatigue life improvement that may be anticipated.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 224-4410 Mr. Duane Cline ARMY 05-064 Awarded: 11NOV05
Title:	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) See-and-Avoid Technology to Allow Unrestricted Operations in Civil and Military Low Altitude Airspace
Abstract:	The proliferation of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) designed to perform a wide range of missions in both the military and civilian markets has accelerated dramatically in recent years. Unmanned aircraft are currently limited to operation within predetermined flight corridors to minimize the potential for conflict with other aircraft. Manned and unmanned aircraft operating in civilian airspace below 10,000 feet must be able to detect and avoid other aircraft through active communications or passive observations. Before UAVs can gain unlimited access to uncontrolled civilian airspace, new sensor technologies must be developed to enable the detection and tracking of nearby aircraft under all flight conditions. SARA proposes a passive acoustic sensor system to provide air traffic alerts to the UAV operator. The sensor system builds on proven airborne acoustic sensor technology developed by SARA under Army contracts. Acoustic sensors provide a continuous spherical field of view and are unaffected by clouds, fog or darkness. The system components weigh less than one pound and require less than 5W of power, minimizing payload impacts. SARA will also adapt existing Scout UAV data display software to assess UAV and traffic flight paths to assess the possibility of airspace conflicts and provide the appropriate operator alerts.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Dr. Essam Sheta ARMY 05-065 Awarded: 11NOV05
Title:	Wavelet-Based Vorticity Transport Technology for Rotorcraft Flowfield Analysis
Abstract:	A hybrid Eulerian vorticity transport/Navier-Stokes methodology is proposed for the accurate prediction of unsteady rotorcraft vortical flow features with particular attention to the efficient transport of rotor wake vorticity to the farfield with minimal dissipation. High-fidelity Navier-Stokes modeling will be used for the capturing of near-body flow features, while a novel, first principles, wavelet-based multiresolution Eulerian vorticity transport model will be developed for use in the near-field, vortex-dominated region and for convecting the shed vorticity into and through the far-field region. These two flow regions will be interfaced in a unique fashion in order to capture propagation of the vorticity, entropy and acoustic waves without unphysical reflections. Wavelet technology is expected to provide an order of magnitude reduction in grid and CPU requirements. In Phase I, the wavelet-based multiresolution Eulerian vorticity transport model will be developed as a stand-alone module, while an efficient interface will be developed between the vorticity transport model and Navier-Stokes code. The feasibility of the proposed technology will be demonstrated by the prediction of three-dimensional vortex shedding relevant to Blade Vortex Interaction (BVI). In Phase II, the vorticity transport and hybrid interface modules will be generalized and integrated into modern and well-used high-fidelity rotor CFD codes and verified and validated on a range of rotorcraft datasets.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Glen R. Whitehouse ARMY 05-065 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	Novel Eulerian Vorticity Transport Wake Module for Rotorcraft Flow Analysis
Abstract:	Accurate rotorcraft performance prediction is essential to both the design and development of rotorcraft, and also the support of flight testing, establishing of safe flight envelopes and analysis of flight operations. While current Lagrangian- and Eulerian-based analysis tools can, in principle, model the complete rotorcraft, in practice these implementations are severely hampered by accuracy limitations broadly attributed to modeling assumptions (for Lagrangian methods) or numerical deficiencies (e.g. excessive numerical diffusion for Eulerian CFD methods using computationally feasible grid scales). Because of these limitations, commonly used design and analysis tools fail to adequately predict the unsteady 3D wakes and load distributions of new rotor and fuselage designs. What has long been needed is an approach that retains the first-principles physical modeling capability offered by Eulerian schemes with the vortex preservation capabilities and low numerical diffusion generally enjoyed by vortex techniques. Enabled by recently developed breakthrough technologies in Eulerian rotor wake modeling that specifically address the critical numerical diffusion issue, the proposed effort will develop a first-principles based Eulerian vorticity transport wake module that when coupled to suitable CFD tools will provide an unprecedented improvement in capturing the true temporal and spatial unsteadiness of the rotor wake using readily available computational resources.

PERCEPTEK 12395 North Mead Way Littleton, CO 80125
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 344-1037 Dr. Chris Debrunner ARMY 05-066 Awarded: 03NOV05
Title:	Obstacle Representation Database From Sensor Data
Abstract:	PercepTek proposes the development of a software package that will process 3D point data from a range sensors such as LADAR or stereo to produce formats more suitable for navigation algorithms. The approach is based on an octree data structure used by PercepTek on its 3D from Video project. The representation serves as an efficient access mechanism for an extensible set of model primitives ranging in complexity from the input 3D points to planar patches or to more complex structures such as buildings or trees. Because this representation is 3D, it will support 3D planners as well as the 2D and 2.5D planners in common use today. This octree data structure easily handles hierarchical descriptions of the model as well as simplified representations of objects (e.g., bounding boxes) useful for rapid intersection testing. The Phase I effort will include a study of existing planning algorithms to determine their requirements, but will focus on the development of a prototype allowing evaluation of the accuracy, memory requirements, and computational requirements of the modeling process and the query response process. Evaluation will be based on experiments using simulated and real data of the McKenna MOUT site from the ACO data collection.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Peter Chen ARMY 05-067 Awarded: 11NOV05
Title:	Dynamic Camber Control for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Abstract:	Techno-Sciences, Inc. (TSi), in collaboration with the University of Maryland, and our commercialization partner, Bell Helicopter Textron proposes to develop and prototype an innovative Active Conformal Camber Actuator (ACCA) Technology for improved rotor performance. The ACCA effectively consists of a piezohydraulic pump coupled to hydraulic artificial muscle (HAM) actuators that deform a honeycomb structure covered with a flexible skin. The result is a solid state piezoceramic actuator with both high force and high stroke capability that is ideally suited to the force and stroke requirements for adaptive camber control.

IRVINE SENSORS CORP. 3001 Redhill Avenue, Building #3-108 Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 444-8795 Ms. Rekha Doshi ARMY 05-068 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Image Intensifier Compatible Thermal Imaging System
Abstract:	The goal of the program is to develop three innovative concepts for easily adding a thermal capability to a presently fielded image intensified system. The three concepts will be modeled, and studied, in terms of cost, weight, power, range performance, human factors and compatibility with existing equipment. A figure of merit will be calculated and the approach with the highest value will be breadboard for testing and evaluation. The analysis and testing results will be evaluated to identify the most cost effective method of optically performing a simplified fusion of the thermal addition with the existing image intensifier imagery for the dismounted soldier.

KOPIN CORP. 200 John Hancock Rd Taunton, MA 02780
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 980-2636 Mr. Antonio Bacarella ARMY 05-068 Awarded: 29NOV05
Title:	Image Intensifier Compatible Thermal Imaging System
Abstract:	We will evaluate at least three innovative concepts of upgrading legacy Image Intensified Night Vision Goggle (NVG) systems to optically fused I2T/LWIR systems or Thermally Upgraded Night Vision Goggles (TUNVG). Our focus will be to maximize the use of deployed hardware while integrating the thermal capability in a way which best satisfies the need of the war-fighter. A key goal in our effort will be to identify a solution which is not simply technically feasible, but is producible and can be deployed in volume rapidly and at a low cost. Each concept for retrofitting the units will be evaluated on paper based upon their individual merits. The evaluation criteria will consist of key system drivers such as cost, weight, power, fields of view, range characteristics of each sensor individually as well as overlaid (combined). We will also evaluate the logistics associated with retrofit of fielded systems, ease of reconfiguration, spares, maintainability and reliability. We will select at least one concept to be built and evaluated against key performance parameters (KPPs). We propose to prototype our concepts for upgrading NVGs using the PVS-14 monocular NVG as the experimental platform.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Mr. Pavel Shevchenko ARMY 05-069 Selected for Award
Title:	Digital Interface between Multigigahertz Transceivers and Room Temperature Electronics
Abstract:	HYPRES proposes to develop Multigigahertz Digital Interface between high-frequency low-power superconductor electronics such as receivers and transceivers and high-power low-frequency room-temperature electronics. It will be used in the new architecture of deserialized Digital-RF Receivers combining an extremely sensitive, ultra-linear quantizer, sampled by a low-jitter, ultra-fast clock with high-speed digital interface and low-cost room temperature electronics.

MZEAL COMMUNICATIONS 48 Cannonball Road Sharon, MA 02067
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 223-1524 Dr. Rajini Anachi ARMY 05-070 Selected for Award
Title:	Adaptive Bandwidth Service (ABS)
Abstract:	The purpose of this proposal is to research the feasibility of and describe the architecture for an Adaptive Bandwidth Service. The Adaptive Bandwidth Service (ABS) is an application level, network-monitoring and adaptation service envisioned for deployment in the NCES framework that facilitates network awareness on the part of heterogeneous applications. Use of this service is intended to provide a means for applications to adjust dynamically to fluctuating network conditions, increasing or decreasing bandwidth usage as the current network status dictates. This provides the dual benefit of enhancing the overall health of the network, while at the same time giving the application a means to "gracefully degrade" in the face of a challenging network environment.

INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT, INC. 1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(541) 752-7473 Dr. Francis Fung ARMY 05-071 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Command and Control (C2) Database Translation Application
Abstract:	Situation awareness in network-centric warfare requires the ability to access information stored in a variety of different formats. Hence, the Army requires tools to facilitate the translation and alignment of information so that it can be transmitted between locations and understood, and so that it can be queried, displayed, and transmitted quickly and accurately to users at a variety of levels in the form that is of most use to To address this challenge, IET propose the Quik-Speak system, an online data translation utility. This portable, self-contained tool will provide a unified environment for performing translations of data between databases by supplying: An ontology discovery tool to auto-sense disparate database structures from database schemas. An ontology mapping learner to automatically construct candidate ontology mappings between these discovered ontologies. A data translation generator that uses a glossary-rich foundational data schema to construct translation between different formats, measurement standards, and representational granularity levels. A graphical tool utilizing advanced concepts in graphical representation of ontology mappings specifying, selecting, and refining ontology alignment and data translations.

INFINIA CORP. 6811 West Okanogan Place Kennewick, WA 99336
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 735-4700 Dr. SONGGANG QIU ARMY 05-072 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Tactical 2 kW Stirling Power Sources for Cogeneration Applications
Abstract:	The U.S. military, in transitioning to a more mobile and networked Future Force, has increasing needs for small, quiet, lightweight, reliable power systems to supply energy for a variety of mission needs in the silent watch category. Currently employed Tactical Quiet Generator (TQG) sets mounted on trailers are heavy and require large footprints. A typical 10 kW generator expends a majority (60%) of its electrical capacity providing power for environmental systems, primarily, heating and cooling. By employing a cogeneration strategy, overall system size and weight can be greatly reduced. Infinia Corporation proposes to develop a 2.5 kW free-piston Stirling Tactical Cogeneration System (STaCS) to provide combined heat and power (CHP) quietly and reliably from logistics fuel.

TIAX LLC 15 Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 498-5819 Mr. Allan Chertok ARMY 05-072 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Tactical 2 KW Stirling Power Sources for Co-Generation Applications
Abstract:	The Army Communications and Electronics Command (CECOM) is seeking smaller and lighter apparatus to meet the electric power and heating/cooling needs of vehicle mounted shelters. To reduce present system weight CECOM is exploring the feasibility of an external combustion Stirling engine powered generator to provide mission electrical power and capturing combustor and engine reject heat for shelter heating and thermally activated cooling. The goals of solicitation A05-072 are closely aligned with the capabilities of a TIAX Free Piston Stirling Engine power plant with integral linear alternators, power converter and digital control system-the TIAX "Micro-Power" system. The Micro-Power system is a quiet, robust, multi-fuel-capable engine-generator. Micro-Power prototypes support on-going product development activities at TIAX one of which is CECOM-sponsored investigation of JP-8 fired combustor technology to be tested with a 600 W Micro-Power system. The proposed Phase I program will scale the 600 W engine-generator and developmental JP-8 combustor to 2,000 W and will investigate means to capture and transport combustor and engine reject heat to drive TOC heating and thermally activated cooling apparatus. A proof-of-concept 2,000 W generator set incorporating reject heat capture capabilities developed in Phase I will be designed, fabricated and tested in a Phase II program.

ISX CORP. 760 Paseo Camarillo, Ste. 401 Camarillo, CA 93010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 581-2000 Mr. Mike Kopack ARMY 05-073 Selected for Award
Title:	Command & Control Tools For Air/Ground Unmanned System Collaboration
Abstract:	Unmanned system teams are quickly becoming a major player on the modern battlefield. As these systems become more prevalent and the control ratio of controllers to systems reverses to allow a single controller to operate multiple units, effective command and control systems become a paramount concern. To effectively control these systems, techniques for teaming unmanned systems to solve a problem, mechanisms to allow those units to understand the wishes and needs of the controller, and methods of communicating the status of the team to the controller must be devised. There has been a swell of research in the area of teaming and problem solving, but limited experience in heterogeneous systems, and less still in how to allow a single user to communicate effectively with that team to solve a problem. In the ACCAST system (Advanced Command and Control of Autonomous System Teams) project, ISX and it's partner CMU, will investigate potential solutions to this command and control problem, develop a series of metrics for evaluating various C&C techniques, and produce a trade study document outlining our findings and proposing the best solutions to the problem. This information will provide the US Army with a roadmap of how to proceed with integration of teamed unmanned systems command and control in future systems such as FCS.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Dr. Mark R. Meloon ARMY 05-073 Selected for Award
Title:	Graphical Techniques for Cooperative Control of Unmanned Assets
Abstract:	Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and analyze innovative technologies for the dynamic management of Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicles (UAVs, UGVs) and Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) with an emphasis on achieving synergy and collaboration between the assets. Algorithms for the effective use of dynamic Bayesian networks and decision theory for performing data fusion and inference in military scenarios will be researched. These graphical techniques allow for human oversight of the reasoning process. Several methods of constructing candidate routes for UAVs and UGVs to follow will be investigated and analyzed for their suitability in military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions. Algorithms for allocating unmanned assets to destinations will be judged on their ability to perform effective pairings with an acceptable computational cost. We will implement the most suitable approach in our software testbed SLAMEMT and demonstrate the feasibility of the resulting system for performing ISR on an example military mission. In Phase II, we would continue to develop prototype software featuring these algorithms, address issues specific to decentralized control, and characterize the performance against a variety of scenarios requiring cooperation between the assets.

GESTALT, LLC 1040 First Avenue, Suite 302 King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(856) 614-5447 Mr. Robert Pollack ARMY 05-074 Selected for Award
Title:	Network-Aware Intelligent Overlay Network
Abstract:	The commercial web services deployment model is simply not suitable for service-based architectures (SBAs) in a tactical environment. In a commercial SBA, service providers are stable and offer near-100% availability. Moreover, their access points (URLs) do not change. In a tactical military environment, however, services are short-lived and their access points change frequently. Consider, for example, the properties that a video feed from an unmanned aircraft would have if it were implemented as a web service. One solution is to create a service broker that is responsible for tracking the location and availability of service providers. The feasibility of such a broker has been demonstrated in a J2EE environment, but the emerging Service Logic Execution Environment (SLEE) standard may offer an even better solution. This effort will study the feasibility of implementing a brokered service deployment framework in a SLEE container. It will address issues such as avoiding single points of failure and selecting services by real-time context (such as an aircraft's location). Finally, this effort will create a working prototype of such a framework and test it at a major exercise.

MAK TECHNOLOGIES 10 Fawcett Street Cambridge, MA 02318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 876-8085 Mr. Russell Lane ARMY 05-074 Awarded: 06DEC05
Title:	Intelligent Service Coordination for Tactical, Net-centric Environments
Abstract:	MAK Technologies will develop publish-subscribe, distributed object middleware to support network-centric operations over tactical networks.

ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 328-8303 Dr. Mehdi Namazian ARMY 05-075 Selected for Award
Title:	JP-8 Fueled Low Temperature Pre-Reformer and SOFC System (LTPR-SOFC) For Portable Applications
Abstract:	Low temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) operating on JP-8 and other distillate fuels are the ideal power sources for all applications, especially for portable power applications. By operating at lower temperature (400-600 C) these systems have faster response, quicker startup, better longevity, less heat loss, lower thermal signature, higher system efficiency and lower cost. Altex and Evogy have teamed up to develop the portable Low Temperature Pre-Reformer and SOFC (LTPR-SOFC) that can efficiently and reliably operate on JP-8 fuel. LTPR-SOFC combines the Altex's proven distillate fuel pre-reforming technology that operates at or around 550 C with Evogy's proven low temperature SOFC technology, which also operates at or around 550 C, to reliably convert JP-8 to power. By matching the prereforming and SOFC temperatures operation, the system design is simplified and the heat loss is minimized. Also by operating at 550 C, the interconnect lifetime in improved, the system startup time is reduced and the system thermal degradation is minimized, thus enhancing the system reliability and longevity. Under the Phase I, a 1 kWe LTPR-SOFC will be designed and a subscale unit will be fabricated and tested on JP-8. These activities will provide the basis for developing, fabricating, demonstrating and delivering a 1 kWe LTPR-SOFC to the Army under Phase II.

FUNCTIONAL COATING TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 1801 Maple Ave. suite 5320 Evanston, IL 60201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 467-5376 Dr. Ilwon Kim ARMY 05-075 Selected for Award
Title:	High Performance, Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Generators Utilizing a Novel Logistic Fuel Internal Reforming Stack Design
Abstract:	The proposed project is based on two recent exciting innovations: the direct operation of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by direct internal reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, and a novel mechanically-robust stack design that is ideally suited for small-scale (�1kW) generators. The aims of the Phase I project are to demonstrate the combination of these innovations by fabricating and testing stacks with logistic fuel, and to design a generator system based on these stack elements. The Phase I work will begin with Y-stabilized zirconia electrolyte cells, but will transition to Sc-stabilized zirconia electrolytes in order to allow reduced operating temperature. The proposed stack design provides an ideal basis for a robust kW-scale generator. The segmented-in-series cells are deposited on both sides of an insulating flattened-tube support. The tubular geometry combined with a high toughness ceramic support material, partially stabilized zirconia, provides stack elements with significantly higher mechanical strength than conventional planar SOFCs. Furthermore, it avoid significant issues with sealing and interconnection in planar designs. The stack and system design will utilize pre-Phase I and Phase I stack test results combined with state-of-the-art chemical and mass transport kinetic models. These will allow us to make key design choices along with quantifying desired system parameters, e.g. inlet and outlet temperatures, heat exchanger requirements, air cooling requirements, etc. This work will be extended in Phase II, and combined with sulfur removal from liquid hydrocarbons, new catalyst materials, new lower-temperature cell materials, and stack/system modelling to produce a prototype kW-scale solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack that is ideally suited for Army applications as well as a number of commercial applications.

ENERGY CONCEPTS CO., LLC 627 Ridgely Ave. Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 266-6521 Mr. Donald C. Erickson ARMY 05-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Mobile Heat Actuated Air Conditioning and Heating Unit
Abstract:	As DoD develops more complex weapons, electronics and computer platforms there is an increasing demand for both power and cooling. This highlights the urgent need for innovative designs in environmental control and electric generation. Electric generation releases waste heat. Heat-activated absorption cycles can convert exhaust heat to useful cooling. This ability gains added significance in mobile applications, in view of all the system level costs of generating motive power for electric powered chillers. This proposal focuses on the DoD requirements for mobile air conditioning, but with a clear vision of the importance to many private sector applications, such as bus air conditioning, refrigerated trucks, and refrigerated boats and ships. This Phase I effort will provide a preliminary design of a 1.5 ton environmental control unit (ECU) which can be powered by field generator exhaust. The focus is on achieving the high level of compactness and light weight appropriate for a mobile application. One critical component ?the absorber/AHX ?will be actually fabricated and tested. This work is in preparation for prototyping and testing the complete ECU in phase II. This project will demonstrate the compactness and economy achievable from a modest extrapolation from the current state-of-the-art in aqua ammonia absorption cycles.

NOREGON SYSTEMS, INC. 500 Shepherd St. Ste 300 Winston-Salem, NC 27103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 768-4337 Mr. Lee Lackey ARMY 05-077 Selected for Award
Title:	Diagnostic / Prognostic System for Tactical Power Sources
Abstract:	Maintenance on Army Tactical Power Systems (TPS's) is currently performed at regular intervals regardless of actual usage or operating conditions - wasting resources servicing systems that do not need maintenance, and missing opportunities to prevent catastrophic failures. The Army seeks to 1) improve maintenance efficiency and effectiveness by servicing systems based on actual usage and 2) implement a diagnostics and prognostics (D&P) system that will continuously monitor system health, allowing the Army to predict and prevent system failures. Noregon will use COTS technology to develop the requirements for a Realtime System Monitor, which reads parameters and operating information from the TPS, indicates System Readiness, and alerts the operator to Preventive Maintenance needs; and for the Offboard System Diagnostics PC application, which provides more detailed D&P information and data retention, aggregation, and reporting. This system will increase TPS reliability, affordability, survivability, and operational safety while reducing the maintenance ratio. Noregon will leverage its 12+ years experience in heavy-duty vehicle engine D&P and embedded systems, and its existing diagnostics PC application framework. Because commercial power generation systems are very similar to TPS's, Noregon expects this solution will be directly applicable to the commercial market, which is growing at 8% annually starting in 2005.

GLOBAL INFOTEK, INC. 1920 Association Drive, Suite 200 Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 652-1600 Mr. Tedd W Gimber ARMY 05-078 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Intelligent Agent Research
Abstract:	Today, large amounts of critical information, scattered around the battlespace, cannot be located and processed fast enough for timely decision making. The result is poor situational awareness because commanders lack the facts they need. Intelligent software agents are now being developed that will collect, appraise, and deliver pertinent information to the right component at the right time. Yet these agents lack a common framework to interoperate in battlefield applications. The challenge is to research a common framework that permits legacy, current, and future agents to function together at the tactical battle command level, communicating across a variety of networks, to provide information to decision makers in real time. GITI will research the variety of currently available agent technologies and frameworks. We will determine their strengths and weaknesses and document the requirements of a common agent development environment. We will use those requirements with our extensive experience in agent technology to design an Agent Factory. This Factory will allow non-engineers to create agents that will interoperate with each other, other agent frameworks, and legacy systems. This will allow tactical personnel to tailor agents to react quickly to changing situations such as hostile threats, movement of coalition forces, or modified operation plans.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5229 Dr. Eric van Doorn ARMY 05-079 Selected for Award
Title:	Covert Through Wall Sensing with MEMS Radios
Abstract:	Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI), proposes through the wall sensing system consisting of a network of expendable local area MEMS sensors. The key innovation of our work is detection of persons moving behind walls or inside buildings using the RF communication link itself. IAI has effectively tested narrowband MEMS radios networks for intrusion detection nets that offers the following key innovation factors for a covert through-the wall-sensing-system: (1) sense through the wall, movements of human a intruder behind the wall (2) distinguish intruders movements from objects far away (2) distinguish fluctuations due to vehicular intruders, cell phones and other transmitters. (3) covertness and less sensitiveness to jamming (4) real time "distributed Intelligence" that distinguishes and reports position, velocity, direction of the moving object and resolve simultaneous detection of more than one moving intruder advancing in different directions and (5) dynamic Power management that reduces at least 50% memory usage.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 1001 Bishop Street, ASB Tower, Suite 2970 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Dr. Ken Cheung ARMY 05-079 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	MEMS Technology for Sense Through the Wall Applications
Abstract:	The Army has developed systems for Sense-Through-The-Wall (STTW) intelligence collection, and while they are effective in many scenarios, these current technologies have capability shortcomings and characteristics that limit their usefulness in many applications. These shortcomings include encumbrance (oversized or heavy unit) and lack of portability, required man in-the-loop, and the inability to sense stationary targets. This research effort will leverage MEMS fabrication techniques, radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) miniaturization methods, and Oceanit's expertise in Doppler radar sensing to develop smaller-than-handheld radar devices in adaptable, remotely operated, networked configurations that can be used to collect intelligence through walls in a variety of situations.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 1001 Bishop Street, ASB Tower, Suite 2970 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 338-9000 Dr. Basil Scott ARMY 05-080 Awarded: 15NOV05
Title:	Hostile Fire Indicator (HFI)
Abstract:	In response to Army topic A052-080-1968, Oceanit Laboratories proposes the Hostile Fire Detection System (HFDS), which will detect attacks from close range weapons and locate enemy combatants. HFDS will utilize optical sensing techniques that combine temporal metrics with spectral intensity. A high-speed optical sensor enables rapid detection of events, including gunshot muzzle flash and distinguishes real weapons fire from false signals such as sun glint. HFDS is configurable and consists of two Line Replaceable Units (LRUs): Optical Sensor Modules (OSMs) and the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The OSMs will be custom designed, while the ECU will utilize a commercial-off-the-shelf/non-developmental item (COTS/NDI) design approach. The system will detect hostile events in 1/10th second and locate enemy combatants in 1 second or less. The research and development will be based on successful Air Force and Missile Defense Agency programs. Phase I will demonstrate feasibility. Phase II will develop a prototype for testing. When fully developed, the system will support a range of Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection requirements including protection of troops in hostile and non-hostile areas and protection of official US facilities such as embassies. The system could also provide Homeland Security protection for commercial airports and ports.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 268-1249 Mr. Allan Corbeil ARMY 05-081 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Anomaly Detection in Ground Moving Target Indicating (GMTI) Radar
Abstract:	UAV-based GMTI radar offers the capability to detect anomalous vehicle and personnel activity in real-time to cue narrow field of view EO/IR sensors for identifying enemy targets in the presence of normal vehicle and foot traffic. Data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large complex data sets, and is ideal for application to GMTI. TSC proposes to significantly enhance our existing GMTI Data Mining techniques, which have been successfully applied to detect convoys in dense background traffic in a classified Joint STARS GMTI database from Operation Iraqi Freedom. In Phase 1, TSC will develop innovative temporal, spatial and hybrid data mining techniques to analyze traffic patterns and detect suspicious vehicle behavior in challenging UAV surveillance scenarios of interest to the Army. We will employ extensive in-house target and background models and GMTI simulation tools to evaluate the feasibility of these algorithms on simulated data that is representative of near-term UAV systems. In Phase 2, TSC will refine the most promising techniques and develop a software architecture that will be utilized to fully test the algorithms on both simulated and collected GMTI data. TSC will also investigate methods to detect anomalous activities of personnel using GMTI measurements.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark Street, Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5001 Dr. David Lee ARMY 05-082 Selected for Award
Title:	Battle Damage Assessment Information Fusion
Abstract:	The operational commander must interpret large amounts of real-time, imperfect data from multiple heterogeneous sources in order to perform Battle Damage Assessment (BDA). The challenge is to develop a semi-automated BDA system that will provide the commander with accurate, relevant and timely information allowing him/her to focus on the relevant usable action-oriented knowledge extracted from the incoming data stream. The goal of this research is to address this challenge by building on the JDL data fusion model. This innovative BDA software prototype will incorporate a suite of intelligent agents capable of performing natural language processing, ontological processing, and data mining. Our goals will be realized through two major activities: (1) researching and adapting known and novel data fusion methodologies, and (2) developing a collaborative intelligent agent BDA (IABDA) software prototype that implements the DNN architecture to control data fusion. The IABDA software will support the operational commanders in monitoring and estimating the complete battle damage picture, supplementing their creative and cognitive abilities with automated techniques. Ultimately, this will approach will lead to improved efficiency and operational effectiveness.

APPLIED EM, INC. 24 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 224-2035 Dr. C. J. Reddy ARMY 05-083 Awarded: 15NOV05
Title:	Modeling the Effect of Aircraft Rotor Blades on Airborne Direction Finding (DF) Systems
Abstract:	Direction Finding (DF) systems on rotorcrafts vehicles and more specifically rotorcraft UAVs suffer from effects on rotorcraft blade modulations. Only coarse DF on rotorcraft has been achieved during the EH-60 QuickFix program. During this effort, Applied EM is proposing to develop very accurate modeling tools to predict performance of DF systems on rotorcrafts. DF arrays are normally designed without accounting for platform effects. When mounted on a UAV, the operation of the direction-finding array is greatly affected by interactions of the antenna elements with the UAV structure. For a fixed wing UAV, these effects are mitigated by calibrating the DF array with the UAV structure. But for a rotorcraft UAV they cannot be implemented due to the inherent dynamic conditions associated with the rotating blades. Our major contribution to the current technology will be the development of cohesive modeling tools to simulate the effect of rotating blades on DF system, and to recommend mitigation techniques that concurrently address low size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements.

DIGITAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 20250 Century Blvd, Suite 300 Germantown, MD 20874
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 916-5554 Mr. Joel Martin ARMY 05-084 Awarded: 15NOV05
Title:	Handheld Software Defined Radio Platform for Force Protection Operations
Abstract:	DRT will perform an investigation to identify a feasible design approach for a handheld tactical threat warning radio through the use of reconfigurable software radio techniques. Design aspects for the RF, digital, and power supply elements will undergo careful study in orer to identify suitable technology that will minimize size, weight, and power consumpion. The aspects of mechanical design will be studied to find innovative ways for reliable and durable packaging of a mixed-signal product, as well as techniques for thermal management and ergonomic concerns. The system software architecture will be closely examined to identify the required functionality for both the requirements of processing needed for a threat warning radio application, Finally, DRT plans to use the findings of this study to establish the development baseline if DRT is selected to receive the Phase II award.

OPCOAST LLC 2530 Hooper Ave Brick, NJ 08723
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 598-5342 Dr. David Rhodes ARMY 05-085 Awarded: 14DEC05
Title:	Sensor / Network Electronic Attack Kit (S/NEAK)
Abstract:	The proposed effort will focus on the disruption of networks versus particular communications links using powerful optimization and co-design approaches. A technique for assigning target value metrics will be developed an applied to `best effort' extractions of adversary network topologies proposed in this work. Adversary network usage denial is conducted in conjunction with goals that reflect minimization of adverse impact to friendly and neutral communications and networks. By adjusting objective functions, we expect the core underlying algorithms and techniques to also apply to friendly communications planning as well as enemy jamming. All planning will account for location and jammer costs in terms of mobility and availability and resource contention.

Q-TRACK CORP. 515 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 489-0075 Dr. Hans G. Schantz ARMY 05-086 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Multi-Mode Combat ID
Abstract:	Q-Track Corporation (Q-Track) will design and explore the feasibility of a Location Aware Combat ID (LACID) system using a recent wireless breakthrough known as Near Field Electromagnetic Ranging (NFERT) to provide situational awareness of friendly dismounted soldiers and vehicle platforms. The NFER-enabled LACID system will operate in complicated non-line-of-sight environments such as those encountered during military operations in urban terrain (MOUT). The NFER-enabled LACID System will operate within the constraints of the battlefield environment, including challenges of radio signal propagation, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Low Probability of Intercept (LPI), line of sight occlusion, multipath, extreme heat and cold, and physical contact. Additionally, a study will be made to examine if production engineering is likely to craft a NFER-enabled LACID tag that would be acceptable to the Army in terms of size, weight, range, and battery life. As part of the Phase I effort, Team member SAIC will prepare a CONOPS for the NFER-enabled LACID system to assure that the design is realistic from an operational perspective.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Marvin G. Niimura ARMY 05-087 Selected for Award
Title:	Terahertz Spectroscopic Radar Mobile System for Detection of Concealed Explosives
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for new techniques for detecting concealed explosives, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a new 100 m standoff Terahertz Spectroscopic Radar (TSR) which uses terahertz (THz) molecular spectroscopy to detect the unique THz absorption wavelength signature of an explosive's outgassed material. This design exhibits the most decisive identification pattern of explosives, whose molecular vibration modes lie in the THz region. To detect these specific explosive identifiers, TSR's innovative design analyzes the retroreflected THz signals from targets rather than the transmitted THz signals common to the conventional spectroscopy performed inside a laboratory. The TSR design combines a wideband (1-20 THz) transmitter and a receiver spectrometer, built on a mobile station. Using a high-quality submillimeter wave radar to send high rep-rate (~100 MHz) THz probing pulses, we can identify not only the explosive but also the location of the target with spatial resolution better than 0.03 mm since our radar pulsewidth is faster than 100 femtosecond (fs). The average power of our source is exceptionally high (~100 W) compared with any other THz sources. In Phase I we will build a preliminary TSR prototype, while Phase II will focus on a full engineering prototype.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 261-3508 Mr. Alan Pieramico ARMY 05-088 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Feature/Anomaly Extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Coherent Change Detection (CCD) Imagery
Abstract:	SAR imaging is a key capability for Army programs such as Future Combat Systems and Aerial Common Sensor. Coherent change detection (CCD) is a powerful technique to examine large SAR images and identify areas where enemy activities have occurred. However, continual changes occur in populated regions making it necessary to differentiate military and civilian activities. To address this challenge, TSC will a develop a suite of innovative real-time algorithms that can segment the terrain into homogeneous regions, identify areas in which changes have occurred, extract features such as straight line and curved vehicle tracks, classify vehicles based on the track separation, detect foot traffic, locate areas that have been used for military activity (e.g. resupply, bivouac) and locate areas being prepared for military use (e.g. revetments, launch sites). A key feature of TSC's approach is to use not only a CCD image, but also the multiple reference images that are provided by persistent surveillance. The CCD imagery will be differenced to remove areas of low correlation, eliminate persistent false alarms, and detect soil subsidence. Another key feature of TSC's approach is establishing normalcy models to help differentiate routine and anomalous activities.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Dr. Kenan O. Ezal ARMY 05-089 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	A Miniature Ultra-Tightly Coupled Software-Defined Navigation (SDN) System with Direction-Finding, Attitude-Determination and Anti-Jam GPS
Abstract:	Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a miniature ultra-tightly coupled software-defined navigation (SDN) system that can provide anti-jam (AJ) GPS capability and attitude measurements independent of an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Using a single-aperture 4-cm antenna, the system will provide angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements for GPS jammers as well as signals outside the GPS band. These AoA measurements can assist emitter localization algorithms that use time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) methods, and can be used for threat identification and elimination. The SDN system will also accept a variety of IMU measurements for optimum AJ GPS and ultra-tightly coupled GPS/inertial navigation system (INS) performance. These may include low-cost micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), magnetic compass, magnetometer, altimeter, time-of-arrival (TOA) inputs, and electro-optical (EO)/infrared (IR) sensors. The drift-free GPS-based attitude estimates will augment measurements obtained by low-cost MEMS gyros with large rate biases, thereby improving the overall system performance. Moreover, Toyon has teamed with Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI), the developer of the industry standard Navigation Tool Kit (NTK) and Satellite Tool Kit (STK) software to analyze and verify the accuracy of the SDN system and sensor mixture specifically for TDOA and FDOA precision geolocation applications. Furthermore, the SDN module will be developed as open-source software.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5278 Dr. Xianyang Zhu ARMY 05-090 Awarded: 21NOV05
Title:	Innovative and Efficient Design of Directional Ultra Wideband Antennas for UAV Applications
Abstract:	UAVs are widely used for both military and civilian applications for their low cost and flexibility. However, conventional antenna design options are incompatible with the size, weight, power, required RF performance, and flight characteristics of UAVs. On the other hand, the antenna performance can be improved considerably with the integration of the airframe geometries. The key to efficient design such antenna for UAVs is to find a powerful electromagnetic simulation method that can handle complicated structures and an efficient optimization algorithm. A combination of parallel Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and genetic algorithm (GA) will be employed for this Phase I program. FDTD is most suitable for simulation of arbitrary shaped homogeneous or inhomogeneous targets, while GA can provide global optimum in a relatively short time. A cavity backed antenna integrated with the airframe geometries will be designed, and the shape, substrate distribution, and the position of the antenna will be optimized.

ADELPHI TECHNOLOGY, INC. 981-B Industrial Road San Carlos, CA 94070
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 598-9800 Dr. Jay Theodore Cremer ARMY 05-091 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Detection of Improvised Explosive Devices
Abstract:	The proposed research will demonstrate the technical feasibility of fabricating an effective screening system that will detect explosive materials. The system will be single-sided exposure and detection scheme permitting standoff distances of 1 meter or more. The system will consist of a new, high-intensity, portable neutron source that exposes the subject article and a detector that analyzes the fluorescence �^-rays that are emitted. The determination of the explosives will be done with a resonant-response element-rich detector that will offer heightened sensitivity to characteristic �x-ray emission particular to each element of the explosives. A determination is made whether an explosive is present based on the concentrations of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and other elements in the suspect space. To increase the speed of detection and maximize the standoff distance, a powerful neutron source will be developed that can be made both portable and rugged. The potential for successful development of the prototype system is very high because of our institutional partner��s prior fabrication and testing of neutron generators and our, and others, prior research in the development of resonance detector systems.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Michael Gertsenshteyn ARMY 05-091 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Focusing X-ray Inspection System
Abstract:	To meet the U.S. Army need for a device to confirm the presence of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Focusing X-ray Inspection (FOCXI) system based on POC's X-ray focusing optics, two COTS X-ray generators and an image processing module. FOCXI can focus below ground or behind walls and combine 2D images into a 3D image to discriminate IEDs from similar objects/cluttered background in real time. The proposed FOCXI system images IEDs and other hidden objects by means of Compton backscattering, operating in the X-ray energy range from 60 to 120 keV. The FOCXI system will have high resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio because of its true focusing capabilities and its two X-ray sources. In Phase I POC will assemble a proof-of-concept prototype FOCXI system from X-ray focusing optics available at POC plus commercial off-the-shelf parts. In Phase II a preproduction FOCXI system will be fabricated and tested.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jack Salerno ARMY 05-092 Awarded: 28NOV05
Title:	Nano-Enabled Sampling for SERS-Based Trace Explosive Detection
Abstract:	We propose a new Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering sampling chip and cell design of permeable/porous polymer matrix embedded with multi-layered gold nano-particles. The approach leverages the leading-edge micro-optical component development and manufacture at Agiltron and extensive experience in nano-material engineering within the research group headed by Prof. Vladimire V. Tsukruk at Iowa State University. Our novel sampling chips feature high detection sensitivity, fast data collection, and reproducibility that are not yet attainable. The proposed sampling cell can be designed to be compatible with commercial Raman probe, enabling much higher detection speed and sensitivity than those of the state of the art Raman detection, making portable Raman trace detection of explosives a reality. This proposed Raman system is extraordinarily well suited for trace detection of explosives, and other chemical and biological agents, toxic species, and biological species as well. This Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 984-1322 Dr. Steve Massick ARMY 05-092 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	Pulsed Electrospray Ionization Hadamard Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Abstract:	The Phase I research will investigate the use of a piezoelectric pulsed electrospray ionization source (ESI) to implement Hadamard Transform (HT) signal multiplexing of ion mobility (IMS) instruments. The signal multiplexing advantage of the Hadamard transform method offers 50% instrument duty cycles and the pulsed ESI source enables up to 100% sample utilization. The performance improvements will be evaluated for trace explosive vapor analysis.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5268 Dr. Priya Ranjan ARMY 05-093 Awarded: 05NOV05
Title:	Computing a Semantic View of a Scene for Surveillance from Stereo and Discreet LIDAR
Abstract:	We propose an innovative semantic approach to surveillance that combines the relative strengths and weaknesses of the passive 2D (single camera), passive 3D (stereo), and active 3D (LIDAR) sensing technologies to optimize performance. Our technology uses the high accuracy of LIDAR selectively to complement a passive stereo system when the cost in computation, energy consumption, and risk of exposure can be outweighed by a significant improvement in the performance of a system operating in purely passive mode. In this combined mode of operation, the active sensor would be used only infrequently and only in a very small area, permitting a relatively fast scan of the selected area with lower risk of exposure and lower computational burden. We illustrate a scenario where a (passive) stereo vision system and an (active) LIDAR system cooperate to render a semantic view of the activities that occur in a busy street intersection with individual pedestrians and vehicles represented by icons, and labeled with markers that describe their trajectories and activities. To maximize stealth, the LIDAR is only used rarely and on small parts of the scene when a probabilistic analysis shows the benefits of the requested active sensing outweighing the expense and risk of exposure.

INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-7130 Dr. Igor Ternovskiy ARMY 05-094 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Parametric Singularity Fusion Algorithm
Abstract:	The Army is seeking the development of an innovative image-based fusion and target detection algorithm that can collate incomplete information from multiple and disparate sensors. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a differential mapping method that is based on a Parametric Singularity Fusion (PSF) algorithm. The PSF technology derives from IOS' proprietary developments in combined image modeling and fusion. The proposed PSF technology will use an optimal nonlinear filtering approach to implement camera position invariant primitives as building blocks in a 3-D modeling and fusion system that will quickly and accurately sense and understand objects and features in a complex environment. In Phase I, IOS will: 1) provide proof of feasibility and develop the PSF algorithm to represent the target images as a photometric polynomial model; 2) initiate development of key 3-D concepts and relationships; and 3) provide the conceptual 3-D topology multi-level fusion and algorithms. In Phase II, IOS will demonstrate verifiable prototype software.

DIGIVISION, INC. 9295 Farnham Street San Diego, CA 92123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 571-4700 Dr. Rick Hier ARMY 05-095 Selected for Award
Title:	A Single-Chip, Zero-Latency, Deblurring Anisoplanaticism Corrector for Army Video Applications
Abstract:	We propose to develop a single-chip, zero-latency, video processor that (1) stabilizes the image and removes anisoplanaticism effects, (2) simultaneously removes blur caused by higher-order seeing effects and increases resolution by typically 1.5-2 times, (3) uses spatially adaptive smoothing to reduce noise in a single frame by up to 6 times, (4) uses spatially adaptive contrast enhancement to reveal details hidden in glare and shadow, increasing local contrast by up to 8 times, and (5) uses adaptive temporal averaging to increase SNR and separate true motion from seeing caused motion. This project will benefit from past and concurrent projects that have already solved many of the most challenging aspects of building the proposed hardware, and have produced products that our company already sells to perform functions 2, 3, and 4 above. Thus the proposed program is of unusually low risk and benefits from tremendous synergy with past and ongoing projects. Consequently we have great confidence that this project will provide the Army with a nearly complete solution to their need to cut through turbulent seeing, and provide a compact, low-power, "drop-in" video post-processing chip suitable for use in a variety of vision systems.

OPTICAL ALCHEMY, INC. 8 Clock Tower Place, Suite 140 Maynard, MA 01754
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 823-0095 Ms. Jennifer Richardson ARMY 05-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Low Cost, Light Weight IR Optical Materials
Abstract:	Optical Alchemy has invested internal research and development resources to conceive and initially reduce to practice an approach to making moldable infrared optics based on using an engineered composite material. This material may be molded from relatively inexpensive materials with mass production processes such as injection molding and variants thereof. The technology for the optical element comprises a multi-part moldable material in which one part is selected to have a relatively low absorption of radiation in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other parts are selected to have a relatively high transmissivity in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The combination of the parts results in optimized optical performance. An optical element comprised of this composite material can be formed to provide whatever surface contours are needed to achieve the desired optical properties.

SILICON PHOTONICS GROUP 1489 S. Dove St. Gilbert, AZ 85233
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 235-4546 Dr. John Tolle ARMY 05-097 Awarded: 21NOV05
Title:	Large-Area Hybrid Substrates for HgCdTe Infrared Detectors
Abstract:	The HgTe-CdTe system represents an excellent platform for infrared detection applications: its direct band gap E0 spans a 1.9 eV range from -0.3 eV (HgTe) to 1.6 eV (CdTe) and the nearly identical lattice constant between the two binary compounds makes it easy to grow intermediate random Hg1-xCdxTe alloys with continuously tunable optical properties between HgTe and CdTe. Unfortunately, however, HgTe-CdTe (MCT) suffers from very severe shortcomings, including use of high cost substrates and its difficult integration with Si-technology. Here we present a new approach to overcome some of these limitations and achieve direct integration of lattice mismatched HgTe-CdTe semiconductors with Si technologies. Our proposed program focuses on fabrication of lattice engineered virtual substrates and buffer layers based on the newly developed (Si)-Ge1-xSnx alloy system. These materials are grown on silicon substrates with exceptional crystallographic and morphological quality and possess random diamond cubic structures. This work has significant potential because the proposed templates can be fully integrated with silicon and their composition can be varied to cover a wide range of tunable lattice parameters (above that of Ge) and thermal expansions coefficients that approach those of HgCdTe.

STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES 201 Circle Drive North, Unit # 102 Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 302-9274 Dr. Catherine Rice ARMY 05-097 Awarded: 23NOV05
Title:	Large-Area Hybrid Substrates for HgCdTe Infrared Detectors
Abstract:	Mercury Cadmium Telluride, HgCdTe (MCT), is the most important material for modern infrared detectors and imaging arrays for wavelengths of strategic and tactical interest. Current substrates for HgCdTe detector deposition remain limited by high cost and severely limited available areas (CdZnTe bulk crystals), or by unacceptably large defect densities due to large material and thermal mismatch (Si wafers). New MCT substrate materials are desired with large areas (>300 cm2), low cost and good lattice and thermal match to the detector layer. In this SBIR project Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI) proposes to develop a novel hybrid substrate material based on magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) layers on silicon substrates. Mg2Si has a good lattice match to MCT and has been shown in preliminary studies to have favorable thermal properties. In the proposed program SMI, working with a major manufacturer of MCT devices, will demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Mg2Si/Si as a low cost, high-performance MCT substrate. In Phase I we will grow Mg2Si on silicon, characterize important material properties, and demonstrate single crystal deposition of MCT on the new substrates. Phase II will include optimization of the substrates, growth of MCT diode structures, and evaluation of IR detector performance. Commercial production of large area substrates and MCT devices will take place in Phase III.

DIFFRACTION, LTD. 49 Fiddler's Green Waitsfield, VT 05673
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 496-6640 Mr. Bob Kogut ARMY 05-098 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Multiplex Wide Field Optics (MWFO)
Abstract:	Recent studies have demonstrated that user error can be reduced when using night vision goggle if the user's field of view and resolution is increased. Efforts to provide a wide viewing field with traditional approaches have led to complex and expensive wide angle or multiple lens/tube designs making them impractical for field applications. There is a need for an approach which can provide an alternative solution to the problem. Diffraction LTD proposes an innovative approach which will use Liquid Crystal Switches (LCS) to achieve a wide angle single lens and tube night vision goggle. The proposed approach will time multiplex three views through a single imaging lens and intensifier tube. This will be achieved by using an innovative electronically addressable broad band non-polarized splitter which will be placed in front of the primary imaging lens directing three images from different viewpoints in a time sequence (on axis) through a single lens and intensifier tube. The images are sent (one at a time) through the lens and tube and re-assembled to the appropriate position to the eyepiece at a high repetition rate providing a multiplexed wide field image to the user.

GRADIENT LENS CORP. 207 Tremont Street Rochester, NY 14608
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 235-2620 Dr. Douglas S. Kindred ARMY 05-098 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	80-Degree Night Vision Goggle
Abstract:	GLC will perform a systematic study of the use of GRIN lenses in wide field of view night vision goggles. Gradient index optical materials have been shown to reduce the number of optical elements and the size and weight of the entire optical system for rifle scopes, camera objective lenses, binoculars and microscope objectives. Gradient index optical materials can provide power within a lens element and aberration correction similar to an aspheric surface. In addition, there is control of chromatic correction which cannot be achieved using aspheric elements. Non-rotationally symmetric and/or tapered gradients provide other unique properties which will be examined for the wide angle objective and eyepiece.

EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 771-0203 Dr. Paul Boieriu ARMY 05-099 Awarded: 08DEC05
Title:	Development of Low Stress Ohmic Contacts to HgCdTe
Abstract:	The problem to be solved in the proposed work is that the deposition of the usual In and Au metal contacts on HgCdTe-based IR detectors creates additional stress in the HgCdTe immediately below the contacts, This stress has been observed to getter threading dislocations, which, in turn, creates misfit dislocation segments just below the detector surface and parallel to the surface, in the active area under and close to the contacts. The dangling bonds across these dislocations enhance random generation-recombination processes, thereby reducing quantum efficiencies and detectivities. Because of their location, these misfit dislocations act as especially efficient trapping and recombination centers and strongly degrade detector performance, especially in the long wavelength and very long wavelength ranges. They degrade the zero-bias impedance (R0A) and increase the dark current. The dangling bonds across these dislocations enhance random generation-recombination processes, thereby reducing quantum efficiencies and detectivities. We propose to eliminate or greatly reduce this gettering of threading dislocations and the resultant formation of misfit dislocations by contact deposition on HgCdTe long wavelength infrared (LWIR) detectors.

PHOTRONIX 40 Amherst Avenue Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 899-6924 Dr. Phil Lamarre ARMY 05-099 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of Low Stress Ohmic Contacts to HgCdTe
Abstract:	We will manufacture novel ohmic contacts and measure the stress in the ohmic contacts by several methods. We will thermally cycle the ohmic contacts and look for nucleated dislocations as a measure of induced stress. In addition we will evaluate an approach of using a new spectroscopy technique for measuring stress in semiconductors. We will also coordinate our work with Enrico Bellotti from Boston University who is an expert at computer modeling of physical phenomena. He will model the strain field in the crystal and will make predictions of how the strain field will interact and affect the electrical properties. We will use CTLMs to measure IVs. We will measure the ohmics at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures. We will perform thermal cycling of the ohmic contacts to see how the ohmics behave under thermal stress. We will bump-bond the CTLM patterns to a fan-out board and make measurements in a standard dewar at cryogenic temperatures. Supporting Photronix in this effort is BAE SYSTEMS. BAE SYSTEMS has agreed to donate longwave LPE infrared double layer material as well as full use of its extensive infrared processing facility.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 571-8660 Dr. James T. Murray ARMY 05-100 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Compact, Short-Pulse, SWIR Laser (1.5 micron) for Two- and Three-Dimensional Flash Imaging Sensor
Abstract:	A key near-term objective of the Mission Equipment Packages (MEP) for Class II Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) program is to develop ultra-compact eyesafe 3D ladar and active 2D sensors for deployment on organic unmanned aerial vehicles. This will enable beyond-line-of-sight reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) in areas shadowed by terrain features. New affordable solid state eyesafe (1.5 micron) lasers capable of generating the specified energy (20 mJ), pulse width (1-2 ns), pulse repetition frequency (50Hz), and package size (< 50 cubic inches) are required for these sensors. Lasers capable of meeting all of these requirements in a robust and reliable compact package do not currently exist. Traditional military laser packages rely on a stiff optical bench to provide the mechanical stability necessary to maintain laser cavity alignment in harsh environmental conditions. This strategy lacks modularity and is difficult to scale due to restrictions arising from conflicts between the optical layout, thermal and mechanical interfaces, and support electronics. Aret� Associates' laser systems group has developed an innovative packaging strategy that circumvents these difficulties. Aret� Associates proposes a new and innovative short-pulse eyesafe laser configuration based on our proprietary packaging approach that will meet the MEP laser objectives.

EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 455-5830 Dr. Ayub Fathimulla ARMY 05-101 Selected for Award
Title:	Low cost photoreceiver for high range resolution range finder
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I SBIR project is to develop and optimize a nanowatt range finder photoreceiver incorporating a novel 1.54-um monolithically integrated, optically preamplified photoreceiver, capable of 90% probability of detection at pulse-widths as small as 2 nsec. In Phase I, we will perform initial photoreceiver development and determine the best photoreceiver architecture to achieve the best sensitivity. We will also initiate the design of the photoreceiver and establish its feasibility by showing that it will be capable of 1.2 nW sensitivity with 90% probability of detection at 2 nsec pulse-lengths. In an array configuration, the photoreceiver will also be capable of simultaneously measuring distances in different directions without any moving parts for 3-D mapping. During Phase II we will design, fabricate and test monolithic receivers using either optically preamplified PINs or APDs integrated with TIAs, OOK circuits and discriminators to generate digital readouts at 500 MHz bandwidth. At the end of the Phase II, we will demonstrate optically preamplified ultra-sensitive photoreceivers operating at room temperatures and 1540 nm wavelength, having detection probability of 90% for single and multiple 2 nsec pulsewidth signals.

MODUS OPERANDI, INC. 122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 984-3370 Mr. Tod Hagan ARMY 05-102 Awarded: 22NOV05
Title:	Tools for Rapid Deployment of Net-Centric Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Capabilities
Abstract:	Rapid deployment of net-centric data integration capabilities requires a fundamental shift from traditional system-of-systems approaches to Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). Modus Operandi proposes an innovative refactoring strategy and set of tools to jump start the transition to SOA, named Keystone. With Keystone methods and tools, sustainment efforts for legacy Army Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems can reap the benefits of SOA while accelerating readiness for integration into the Distributed Common Ground System (DGCS) backbone. With Keystone tools, a systems engineer will be able to reverse engineer a legacy system Application Programming Interface (API), i.e. the interfaces of the legacy system components, and then rapidly construct service wrappers. More sophisticated services may then be composed from base services as well as legacy API calls. Thus the legacy system can transition to a more service-oriented architecture in an evolutionary manner without wholesale reengineering.

LUMIDIGM, INC. 800 Bradbury SE, Suite 213 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 272-7406 Dr. Rob Rowe ARMY 05-103 Selected for Award
Title:	Soldier-Borne Biometric Authentication System
Abstract:	For the past four years, Lumidigm has focused development efforts on multispectral skin analysis and multispectral fingerprint imaging in an effort to build robust, convenient, and reliable biometric sensors. This work has been funded by private investors, government intelligence agencies (CIA & NSA), the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense (currently a Fast-Track Phase II through the United States Air Force focused on "live-ness" detection), as well as numerous corporate partners. These efforts have culminated in a fingerprint sensor, with Lumidigm's anti-spoofing and image enhancement engine inside, that will be released into the AFIS-quality market by a corporate partner during the 4th quarter, 2005. Based upon this foundation, Lumidigm is proposing to produce a feasible design for a soldier-borne continuous biometric authentication system. This design would include a clear prototype development approach to incorporating a power supply, a versatile wireless (or acceptable alternative) communication platform, and a continuous biometric monitoring sensor with "live-ness" detection capability into a small, robust, ergonomic, field-wearable package. For economic practicality, the units will be built from a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system utilizing Lumidigm's proven multispectral imaging platform.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Mr. Jonathan Graf ARMY 05-103 Selected for Award
Title:	Sub-Vocal Biometric Authentication System
Abstract:	Luna Innovations proposes to develop a method of determining a user's identity through a sub-vocal electromyogram-based biometric. Luna's method will emphasize ergonomics, enabling the dismounted warfighter to authenticate to the device without manual intervention. Minimum effort, discomfort, and distraction will be required of the warfighter, while maintaining the highest levels of security. The effectiveness of this biometric will be mathematically and experimentally established as a high-assurance means of preventing unauthorized users, such as Opposing Forces, from accessing the device. The focus of Luna's research will be on reducing false positives and false negatives to levels acceptable for deployed utilization. A "liveness" test will be an integral part of this biometric. The method will be evaluated for use with various kinds of protective gear to ensure its accuracy when the warfighter is wearing nuclear-, biological-, chemical-, or fire-protective equipment. The components, devices, and methods needed to implement this biometric as part of a soldier-borne authentication architecture will be determined.

ULTRA-SCAN CORP. 4240 Ridge Lea Rd Amherst, NY 14226
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 832-6269 Dr. John Schneider ARMY 05-103 Selected for Award
Title:	Soldier-Borne Biometric Authentication System
Abstract:	This project focuses on the development of a soldier-borne biometric authentication system that facilitates sensing through ultra low cost instrumentation. The new technology will result in a disposable, physically small, low power, highly accurate and rugged "biometric assurance" sensor capable of deployment for the Army's Future Force Warrior. It will enable persistent authentication of the soldier's identity to the soldier-borne computer system, without requiring the soldier to perform unique actions outside of normal mission requirements. Real-time continuous liveness testing and operation regardless of whether the soldier is equipped with nuclear, biological, or chemical protective equipment will be part of the basic operational requirements for the system. Combining this low cost biometric technology and "enabling" it through the use of a highly accurate biometric measurement already developed by the United States Army, will result in a multimodal system with significant reductions to false match and false non-match occurrences. Laboratory experimentation associated with methods of persistent authentication and liveness testing will be conducted, along with the development of the necessary system architecture on how this technology should be integrated to prevent attacks or breaches of security to a node on the tactical Future Force network.

ALLCOMP, INC. 209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 369-1273 Mr. Wei Shih ARMY 05-104 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Thermal Solutions for High Power Tactical Radios
Abstract:	Allcomp proposes to develop innovative thermal solutions based on advanced carbon-based material and composite technologies that have broad-based appeal in solving a number of thermal management applications in high power and small form factor tactical radios. Comparing to metallic options, high conductivity carbon-based materials and composites are light providing passive and reliable solutions to thermal problems in microelectronics. Advances in power management are needed to offset increases in transmitted power, anticipated in future needs of the Army's Joint Tactical Radio System. Anticipated heat rejection on the order of 240W for short periods, from a confined space that possibly will lack a source of convective cooling is expected. Allcomp's approach is to apply our recent experiences in cooling high heat flux components using highly conductive carbon-based materials and composites and in direct coupling of energy storage-phase change materials to the heat source to handle power transients. This approach offers the potential to be a very lightweight, highly reliable, yet affordable concept. The proposed study will cover small and large tactical radios, land base and aircraft installation, where vibration is an issue. In remote heat sinking situations, Allcomp will also leverage our experience in high temperature radiator using heat pipes and loop-heat pipes technology for transporting heat.

METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES, LLC (DBA MMCC, LLC) 101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 893-4449 Dr. Yuejian Chen ARMY 05-104 Selected for Award
Title:	Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite (TPG) Embedded Copper Graphite Composite Heat Sink for High Power or Small Form Factor (SFF) Tactical Radios
Abstract:	A manufacturing technique is developed to strategically embed thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) insert into copper graphite composite. TPG will then be located in the critical thermal path of the power amplifier heat sink so that heat can be conducted from its edge into the radio chassis. The enhancement of thermal performance by TPG insertion allows applications where advanced wide band gap semiconductors, such as GaN and SiC, are mixing with other low temperature components. At an average heat flux of 100 W/cm2, which is assumed at the die level for SiC devices, the temperature difference along the thermal path of 1.5" long, in the case of copper graphite composite, from module mounting surface to cooling fins was estimated as only 8 �C, using a simplified one-dimensional heat transfer method. This temperature drop is adequate for total thermal management of SiC devices whose junction temperature can be as high as 300 �C.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 20 Alpha Road Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-3343 Mr. Mitchell Shifrin ARMY 05-105 Selected for Award
Title:	Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Cluster 5 Power Amplifier
Abstract:	The solicitation details the need for a wideband, efficient, compact, thermally robust power amplifier (PA). The PA operates over the frequency range from 2-2800 MHz with a gain of 31 dB, output power of 38 dBm and 60 dB of power control. Hittite, a fabless semiconductor company, has over 20 years of experience providing state-of-the-art MMICs to both military and commercial applications with over 90 MMIC amplifiers offered in its catalog. Herein Hittite proposes both innovative technology and circuit techniques to address this amplifier specification. Possible device technologies include; LDMOS, field plate devices in PHEMT, MESFET, SiC and GaN, and high voltage HBT. A detailed analysis of important device characteristics and their impact on PA performance are reviewed. By far the most important parameter is operating voltage as this reduces matching network transformation requirements thus enabling multi decade PA design. A series combing circuit technique is also presented that enables the use of low voltage processes for high voltage amplifiers. The output stage of the PA drives the performance and two approaches for that stage are described and simulated including both a distributed and lossy match approach. During the Phase II program the PA MMIC/module will be implemented.

MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC. 20 Burlington Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 359-9500 Dr. Triveni Upadhyay ARMY 05-106 Selected for Award
Title:	MIMO for Energy-Aware Distributed Mobile Wireless Systems (MEADoWS) for JTRS Cluster 5
Abstract:	Mayflower's MEADoWS (MIMO for Energy-Aware Distributed Mobile Wireless Systems) proposal aspires to design and build an energy-efficient MIMO-based radio. The MEADoWS program builds on Mayflower's proven technology in MIMO antenna signal processing. The Army's Future Combat System (FCS) and Future Force Warrior (FFW) programs are focusing on the soldier requirements. The soldier's requirements in future wireless mobile communication systems are very demanding on Size, Weight, and Power (SWAP); the power (energy) is the most critical of the three. The proposed MEADoWS system innovations directly address this critical need for power reduction in soldiers' radio by means of smart antenna enhancements and a cognitive MAC layer. MEADoWS targets the leading sources of energy consumption; research effort in MEADoWS will be aligned with opportunity: topics with the most energy saving potential will garner the most attention. The Phase I feasibility study will demonstrate that MEADoWS meets the Army objectives of energy-efficiency, spectral-efficiency, and applicability to JTRS Cluster 5. In the Phase II program, we will build a prototype MEADoWS and demonstrate its functionality in a test bed, with multiple MEADoWS units participating in the demonstration.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Dr. Richard E. Cagley ARMY 05-106 Selected for Award
Title:	Micro-MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Radio Technology
Abstract:	When low-cost wireless nodes are combined with novel communication and application layers as well as sensing hardware, the resulting wireless sensor network (WSN) can provide a degree of fidelity for data collection and control not previously possible. For this reason, WSNs can be found in a tremendous range of applications from environmental monitoring to security and surveillance as well as building control and manufacturing automation. At the same time, sensor nodes must function under severe constraints, particularly in terms of power consumption. Seeking to provide further reductions in power consumption per transmitted bit, research has shown that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can provide an increase in spectral efficiency for a given amount of power consumed. Looking towards the practical development of such a system, we propose technical solutions for each system element. These include selection of the multiple-antenna coding method, physical layer waveform, low-power medium access control (MAC), and novel small-footprint antenna designs. In particular, these technologies are addressed in the context of power consumption per hardware element that would be used for practical implementation. For this effort, Toyon has teamed with Professor Ronald Iltis from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

AGILE MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 93 Castilian Drive Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-5159 Mr. Roger Forse ARMY 05-107 Selected for Award
Title:	Reduced Size Weight and Power Consumption for SATCOM Antennas
Abstract:	Agile has successfully demonstrated the ability to design and manufacture high performance, voltage controllable analog phase shifters for use in phased array antennas using the ferroelectric material, Barium Strontium Titanate (BST). Agile has also performed pioneering work in the design of phased array monolithic antennas manufactured on a single substrate. This work was performed for a commercial application, automotive anti-collision radar conformally mounted on the bumpers, but is ideally suited for the manufacture of cost-effective and scalable conformal antennas. Agile is proposing to develop 2-D electronically scanned antennas on a single wafer containing the phase shifters, feed network and antenna radiating elements utilizing our BST technology and industry standard semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Our current substrate is 4" in diameter and less than 500 microns thick. These integrated antennas can be manufactured at a low cost. Phase I will focus on a Ku band antenna. The Phase I proposal will focus on extending our work from the automotive radar effort and performing high fidelity EM simulations and produce a mask design for a 2-D monolithic scanning antenna and include provisions for active elements. Phase II will involve the actual manufacture of the antenna designed in Phase I.

EMAG TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1340 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 973-6600 Dr. Alex Margomenos ARMY 05-107 Awarded: 01DEC05
Title:	Reduced Size Weight and Power Consumption for SATCOM Antennas
Abstract:	Emerging military and commercial communications systems are placing a high premium on low-cost, small, light-weight RF components, while at the same time increasing demands for higher functionality. To maximize data transfer, reduce size and minimize operation cost, communications front ends are forced to move to higher frequencies. This trend necessitates the utilization of high performance, low cost phased array antennas with reduced size, weight and power consumption (SWaP). In response to the above need, EMAG Technologies Inc., in collaboration with Purdue University, proposes to develop a Ka band wafer-scale phased array based on revolutionary concepts in packaging and three-dimensional integration. The amplifiers and wireless MEMS phase shifters will be fabricated on a single Si wafer along with the distribution network of the array. A separate wafer will carry the patch antennas, which will be backed by air-cavities for higher efficiency and gain. A third wafer will be used for packaging the MEMS phase shifters, mounting all the necessary digital circuitry for control, and providing input and output ports to the array. During this effort EMAG Technologies and Purdue will focus their effort on a novel wafer-scale phased array, a wafer-scale cooling system, and MEMS varactor-based phased shifters for providing beam steering capabilities.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Oleg Mukhanov ARMY 05-107 Awarded: 30NOV05
Title:	Reduced Size Weight and Power Consumption for SATCOM Antennas
Abstract:	HYPRES is pleased to propose the development of a low cost and ultra-high performance compact antenna integrated with digital receiver. We propose to achieve higher signal to noise ratios in the order of greater than 20dB via enhanced G/T. It will be done by combining superconducting quantum interference filter (SQIF) antenna and Digital-RF receiver electronics. During Phase I project, novel circuit architecture will be developed that assures the near-term demonstration of aggressive performance specifications using available superconducting electronics technology. This project complements and leverages other HYPRES development projects for DoD involving digital receivers, as well as cryogenic integration demonstration projects.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Deepnarayan Gupta ARMY 05-108 Selected for Award
Title:	High-speed Digital Filters for Multi-Band Digital-RF Channelizing Receivers
Abstract:	HYPRES proposes to develop an ultrafast third-order digital decimation filter for integration with second-order bandpass delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that convert radio frequency (RF) signals directly to digital. The proposed filter represents a unique class of RF digital signal processors, which enable the software reconfigurable digital-RF transceiver architecture. The digital-RF transceiver permits the replacement of multiple analog mixers, filters, routers, and amplifiers with lower-noise, less expensive, and programmable digital counterparts. The proposed effort to build a higher order cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter will allow us to fully exploit the noise-shaping properties of delta-sigma ADCs. We propose to double the complexity of RSFQ digital circuitry, which presents considerable challenge for both integrated circuit design and fabrication and will test the capabilities of our newly upgraded commercial foundry. We will investigate serial biasing of a chain of identical circuit blocks to reduce the total bias current and prevent deleterious effects of induced local magnetic fields. In Phase I, we will design filters in both first and second-generation fabrication processes, corresponding to clock speeds of 20 GHz and 40 GHz respectively. The full implementation and integration with ADC modulators will be performed in Phase II, starting with the Phase I option.

NATIVE6, INC. 811 First Ave , Suite 626 Seattle, WA 98104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 682-0275 Mr. John Spence, CISSP, CCNA ARMY 05-109 Selected for Award
Title:	IPv4-IPv6 Transition and Interoperability Using Available Transition Mechanisms
Abstract:	Army personnel need their tactical devices to work reliably in any deployment, whether IPv4 or IPv6-based devices, and whether fielded in an IPv4 or IPv6-dominant network. In addition, some of these devices use embedded systems, where it is impractical to "dual-stack" the applications or the node itself. This project will prototype a device that providesIPv4 and/or IPv6 connectivity to single or multiple devices, regardless of the upstream IP-protocol version. Nodes and applications that are capable of using either IPv4 or IPv6 (dual-stack) will be able to obtain network transport for both protocols. The project will deliver a testbed/prototype using a combination of FBCB2, Appliqu� platform, SINCGARS, and commercial equipment (or other equipment as directed by the Army). Specifically, the project will: (1) Prototype deployment of an "outboard black-box" that delivers IPv4 capability to IPv4-only applications and devices across an IPv6-dominant network environment (DSTM), and IPv6 or dual-stack support to newer applications and devices across a mixed or IPv4-dominent network. (2) Test the ability for a set of IPv4 and IPv6 nodes to use the services of a single "tunnel concentrator" to obtain the IP-protocol (or both for dual-stack nodes) version needed for operation. (3) Evaluate the effort required and functional impact of providing dual-stack support and selected transition mechanism directly on Army end-node devices.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Mr. David B. Clark ARMY 05-110 Selected for Award
Title:	Parasitically Controlled, Frequency Agile, Endfire Phased Array
Abstract:	Toyon Research Corporation has developed and patented reconfigurable antenna technology that represents a significant improvement upon traditional antennas. Toyon's approach is to use parasitic control devices to adjust the gain, frequency response, radar cross section (RCS), or polarization of an antenna element. Toyon proposes to use this technique to design and prototype a frequency-agile antenna array capable of scanning over an extremely broad range of angles. Toyon will partner with Agile Materials and Technologies, of Goleta, CA, inventors of small, low-power, ferroelectric devices. Toyon will use these devices to control the electrical properties of individual elements of an antenna array, enabling frequency agility, enhanced gain, and improved scan range in the phased array. Toyon's partnership with Agile will enable us to fully integrate the antenna systems with the control devices throughout the Phase I and Phase II contracts. Toyon intends to prototype, test, and evaluate a prototype of an electronically controlled antenna element during Phase I.

DATATEK APPLICATIONS, INC. 379 Campus Drive, Suite 100 Somerset, NJ 08873
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 667-1080 Mr. Alan Stultz ARMY 05-111 Selected for Award
Title:	Mobile IPv6 in a Low Bandwidth Tactical Environment.
Abstract:	The purpose of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasiblity of innovative extentions to the use of Mobile IPv6 to allow US Army legacy tactical devices to interoperate in the new IPv6 mobile networks being deployed. The Army is planning the migration of its core network to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) over the next several years as part of its Global Information Grid (GIG) expansion. The Army has many legacy tactical IPv4-based mobile devices, such as radios, data and navigation units, etc. that may never be replaced or updated for many years or may be cost-prohibitive to do so. These IPv4-based tactical devices are not interoperable with the IPv6-based GIG. Our company, Datatek Applications, is developing an experimental IPv4-IPv6 Translator that shows promise in solving this interoperability problem facing the Army and DoD. Mobility is of paramount importance to the DoD. We plan on continuing to develop our Translator for use in Army Net Centric Warfare Command and Control (C2) Systems to rapidly convert these IPv4 legacy devices to Mobile IPv6 nodes with all the benefits that IPv6 brings to the mobile warfighter.

JEM ENGINEERING, LLC 8683 Cherry Lane Laurel, MD 20707
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 587-5477 Dr. Derek Linden ARMY 05-112 Selected for Award
Title:	Ballistic Radomes for SATCOM Antennas
Abstract:	Radomes mounted on tactical combat vehicles, such as the HMMWV, Stryker, and On-The-Move Future Combat Systems (FCS) platforms, must be designed to withstand ballistic impacts in the field. Current radome designs are not capable of providing ballistic protection to antenna systems, which can lead to loss of communication for the vehicle when under fire. The proposed program will develop antenna radomes that demonstrate both RF performance and ballistic protection capability for SATCOM applications. The proposed radome designs will incorporate materials with high levels of energy absorption under ballistic impact in constructions that meet the performance requirements, which are to minimize distortion of the antenna pattern at frequencies between 20 and 45.5 GHz while being as light as possible and providing sufficient ballistic protection. Simulation tools will be used to model the RF performance for a given radome construction, state-of-the-art optimization tools will be used to enhance performance, and material tests on small samples of ballistic material will be used to downselect and optimize the radome design. Selected radome designs will be fabricated for RF testing and subsequent ballistic testing in the Option phase.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5275 Dr. Hongjun (Jason) Li ARMY 05-113 Selected for Award
Title:	An Integrated Architecture for Seamless Soft Handoff in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract:	We present an integrated architecture for seamless soft handoff in mobile ad hoc networks, where various managers residing on multiple layers are proposed to handle handoff issues in a cross-layer and cooperative manner. At the link adaptation layer, the virtual interface provides link transparency to the upper layers and session management is handled at the interface manager. The device and system monitor reports information about the wireless interfaces, and the policy manager incorporates various aspects of factors for comparing interfaces. The handoff is optimized to execute policy-based decisions to keep network traffic delay and traffic congestion to a minimum. At the network layer, essentially most IP-based ad hoc routing protocols can be accommodated, and the architecture can naturally host QoS protocols, like Differentiated Services with admission control. In particular, we present our hybrid Mobile Agent Routing (MAR) protocol that possesses such desirable behaviors and supports various traffic types. At the transport layer, the transport manager is instructed by the interface manager to adapt the transmission rate according to the new wireless link. Finally at the application layer, the security manager handles various aspects of security concerns, including defense against man-in-the-middle attacks.

SAN DIEGO RESEARCH CENTER, INC. 6885 Flanders Drive, Suite A San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 623-9424 Dr. Bo Ryu ARMY 05-113 Awarded: 28NOV05
Title:	Seamless soft handoff protocols
Abstract:	Service reliability is a key performance indicator for a Future Force battlefield network. In a mobile wireless ad-hoc network in support of the Future Force, frequent node movement combined with volatile RF environment often results in fluctuation in link quality and hence frequent network topology change. This can severely hamper reliable data transmission. Most existing techniques proposed in the literature on soft handoff are for commercial cellular network, and mostly for voice applications. Ad hoc networking does not have a fixed infrastructure and hence handoff protocols should not depend on fixed centralized controllers. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing research or implementation of seamless soft handoff for mobile ad hoc networks or Future Force Networks. Therefore, San Diego Research Center (SDRC) and Telcordia Technologies, both with a proven ARMY-funded research track record, propose to develop a coordinated, seamless multi-layer soft handoff protocol suite for mobile ad hoc networks. We believe the solution proposed here, which utilizes a proactive "make before break" approach to send information over multiple paths combining with efficient coding techniques, can significantly improve service reliability and user perceived QoS, and in the meanwhile, achieve optimal network resource utilization through cross-layer interactions.

PPMA, LLC 1333 Woodgate Drive Carmel, IN 46033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(317) 566-8969 Dr. Chaman Lall ARMY 05-114 Awarded: 16NOV05
Title:	New Technology, Non-Lubricant Bearings
Abstract:	PPMA, LLC proposes development of a unique, innovative, high speed bearing that is lubrication-free and requires no maintenance. It will rely on a lubricious material capable of operating at low component loads at high speed. We propose developing this high speed material for application at operating conditions and requirements of Tactical Vehicle steering drivelines and components, e.g. universal joints, knuckles, ball joints, tie rod ends, control arm bushings, etc. We developed an innovative universal joint bearing cup employing a patented surface design technology ("GC"-Geometrically contoured), which will be interactively integrated with the new material as a tribological system. The universal joint was proven on the HMMWV in field tests for which it received the Army 1995 Quality Award and was acclaimed at the 2004 NATO RTE Conference. A lubricious material, with superior surface characteristics, without coatings, was concurrently developed. Its development has been privately continued. This material will be the starting basis for Phase I. Bench tests will demonstrate its performance while providing data applicable to the components selected by TARDEC for operational evaluation in Phase II.

QED SERVICES, INC. 5137 Pontiac Trail, Suite A Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 669-6132 Mr. Dennis McNeely ARMY 05-115 Selected for Award
Title:	Army Ground Vehicle Roll-Over Elimination and Stability Improvements
Abstract:	The ability to safely deploy tactical vehicles is central to the Objective Force, and a capable suspension system is critical to enhancing the troops' safety while minimizing fatigue and damage otherwise incurred while traversing rough terrain at high speed. QED Services, Inc. and its associates propose to adapt fluid spring suspension technology to address these issues. This suspension technology can be adapted to a wide variety of platforms from wheeled to tracked vehicles, providing benefits immediately for the Legacy Fleet and a development platform for Interim and Future Forces.

SOUTH BAY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CORP. 7525 W. 81st St., Playa del Rey, CA 90293
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 378-4961 Dr. David Cohn ARMY 05-116 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	Wide Spectrum Transmitter For A Combined Standoff Chem-Bio Sensor
Abstract:	It is proposed to analyze and trade off alternative laser technologies for development of an integrated transmitter capable of emission in the UV for bio detection and 3-5 m and 8-12 m bands for chemical detection. Novel conceptual sensor designs for a variety of deployments will be developed as an aid in prescribing laser performance. Important laser and sensor component development will be identified and new solutions will be proposed to be carried out in the Phase II program.

NANOCOMPOSIX, INC. 4336 Proctor Pl. San Diego, CA 92116
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 890-0704 Dr. Steven Oldenburg ARMY 05-117 Awarded: 17NOV05
Title:	Anisotropic Obscurant Packaging
Abstract:	Anisotropic, electrically conductive fibers and flakes have large extinction coefficients in the mid and far infrared regions of the spectrum, and have utility as constituents of high performance military obscurants. However, the high aspect ratio and small minor dimension size of the particles (100 nanometers or less) presents challenges for the packaging and dissemination of the particles. A dynamic self assembly process is proposed that will align the nanoparticles to produce high density configurations that can be efficiently aerosolized.

EIGENT TECHNOLOGIES 10 Cindy Lane Holmdel, NJ 07733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 673-0402 Mr. Douglas Clark ARMY 05-118 Awarded: 14NOV05
Title:	Data Rich Active Transponder Development
Abstract:	RFID tags and a wireless infrastructure for tag communication has become a key technology for providing In-Transit Visibility of the DOD logistics pipeline, and is critical technology for providing effective logistical support to DOD forces in operational theaters. This technology consists of battery powered data rich (128k) RFID tags operating at unlicensed short range (300-600 feet) commercial frequencies and a supporting infrastructure of interrogating antennas and handheld readers at hundreds of logistic nodes worldwide. The Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration (ASD NII) has stated an intent to require encryption between RFID tags and reader/interrogators and possible requirements for data stored on the RFID tags to be encrypted. This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I research project will address key technical challenges of securing the data in active tags, including physical security of the tag itself which could be compromised if acquired by adversaries. In Phase I, proof-of-concept of the secure data rich tag will be demonstrated using standard COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) components to exhibit the security potential of the concept.

WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC. 200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 872-1500 Mr. Jeff Tooley ARMY 05-118 Awarded: 10NOV05
Title:	Data Rich Active Transponder Development
Abstract:	Williams-Pyro, Inc. (WPI) proposes developing the AccuTagTM Multi-Encrypted Active RFID System (Accu-MEARS). To enable RFID encryption in widely varying applications, Accu-MEARS will include a robust, low-powered, and secure architecture flexible enough to support various encryption schemes. Reconfiguring the Accu-MEARS encryption scheme will allow power consumption to be tailored to the security and data requirements of each application. Additionally, supporting multiple encryption algorithms such as RSA, DSA, and DES will simplify future integration with RFID tags and readers that support the same encryption algorithms. Phase I work will focus on analyzing the encryption algorithms approved for the FIPS-140-2 security standard and understanding the impact of each algorithm on the requirements for the RFID system. Although we propose to design and develop custom active RFID readers and tags for Accu-MEARS, we will also investigate the feasibility of retrofitting the existing Army active RFID network with our proposed encryption algorithms and network. After selecting the most promising candidate encryption algorithms, we will simulate and calculate the performance of Accu-MEARS versus the performance of the Army's existing active RFID network. This work sets the stage for Phase II, in which we will develop a prototype of Accu-MEARS using the selected encryption schemes.

MILBERT ENGINEERING, INC. 1835 Energy Park Drive Saint Paul, MN 55108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 659-6762 Mr. Randy L. Milbert ARMY 05-119 Selected for Award
Title:	Geographically-Enabled Augmented Reality System for Dismounted Soldiers
Abstract:	To maintain situational awareness during combat operations, dismounted soldiers require access to updated battlefield information. Currently, the United States Army's Land Warrior soldier system provides this information via an opaque monocular display that presents a two-dimensional moving map and battlefield messages. By placing this display over an eye, however, a soldier sacrifices his or her binocular vision, depth perception, and peripheral vision. In addition, the soldier must dedicate intellectual resources to mentally translating a two-dimensional overhead map to his or her three-dimensional surroundings. Primordial and ITT propose jointly solving these problems by designing a wearable augmented reality (AR) system that overlays visual cues derived from a Geospatial Information System (GIS) on the soldier's view of the battlefield. Our approach leverages the existing Primordial Soldier 1.4 platform that is slated for inclusion in the upcoming Future Force Warrior (FFW) Early User Evaluation (EUE) at Fort Benning. In addition, we will build on ITT's experiences in developing the $5 million Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS). We will begin by extending Primordial Soldier 1.4 to support efficient three-dimensional augmented reality rendering on a handheld. Specifically, we will develop an efficient spatial database and a real-time graphics engine. We will then evaluate existing augmented reality labeling techniques and modify them for a platform with limited processing power and memory. In addition, we will perform fightability assessments to determine the optimal design and configuration of visual cues for the warfighter. Whenever possible, we will use commercial off the shelf (COTS) hardware to support processing, tracking, and interaction.

SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.(SPEC) 101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Brad Sallee ARMY 05-120 Awarded: 04NOV05
Title:	Terrain Mapping LADAR (TML)
Abstract:	The use of a miniature wide angle, video scan rate, LADAR in combination with an intuitive software display will allow vehicle operators to assess rough terrain for crossing. The Terrain Mapping LADAR (TML) is a compact LADAR unit that can be easily mounted on a vehicle or mast attached to a vehicle offering very low power draw, operation in dense foliage, and all weather operation including in all lighting conditions, bright sunshine, night time, rain, dust, and heavy fog, and is Class I eye-safe. The sensor data contains the range and local reflectivity for multiple objects in range, limiting the computational load for the image processor, but preserving the ability to see through dense foliage. The output of the image processor will be displayed on a color display with a rotatable 3D wire-frame, intuitively displaying the profile and dimensions, and a draped color contour map, displaying the local grade (slope) of the terrain so easy, quantitative, crossing decisions can be made.

VISUAL LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 8226 Missoula, MT 59807
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 829-1384 Mr. Stuart Blundell ARMY 05-121 Selected for Award
Title:	Automatic Extraction of Urban Features from Terrestrial LIDAR Systems
Abstract:	The U.S. Army requires automated feature extraction (AFE) software for collecting very high-resolution 3D urban features from terrestrial LIDAR data to support the ground-based Warfighter operating in the urban battlespace. Advanced vehicle-mounted and man-portable terrestrial Light Imaging and Range Detection (LIDAR) systems capture accurate 3D measurements of the urban environment with spatial resolutions on the order of 5 centimeters or less [Blais, 2004]. The 3D imaging capability of these systems is negated, however, by a lack of commercial software tools capable of exploiting terrestrial LIDAR datasets [Shiode 2001]. Current approaches for creating high-resolution 3D urban models are expensive requiring thousands of man-hours to digitize feature geometries, assign textures to features and attribute features. The lack of robust AFE software tools for collecting geospecific urban features from terrestrial LIDAR systems directly impacts applications for facility reconnaissance, special operations planning and urban warfare decision-making. Visual Learning Systems, Inc. (VLS) has developed a LIDAR AFE system capable of extracting over 1,000 buildings per minute as 3D Shapefiles from airborne LIDAR. VLS' proven capability in developing commercial AFE software tools, and prior research experience with LIDAR, provides the Army with a proven partner for developing a 3D AFE solution for advanced terrestrial LIDAR systems.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Wei Chen ARMY 05-122 Awarded: 08NOV05
Title:	Nanotechnology-based System for the Detection and Photodynamic Neutralization of BW Agents
Abstract:	Our goal is to detect and eliminate BW agents rapidly. In this project, we will develop functionalized nanoparticle photodynamic agents that can be bioconjugated with monoclonal antibodies to rapidly detect and kill viral infections. During Phase I, we will concentrate on the design and fabrication of handheld prototype detector that can be used as a sentry sensor for virus, e.g. RSV, detection and elimination. The detection and elimination functions of the nanoparticles will be tested separately. In the Phase I option we will conduct some pilot studies for Brucella detection and elimination. Once the proof-of-concept is demonstrated for BW detection and elimination, in Phase II we will combine the detection and elimination functions and focus on the applications of these bi-functional nanoparticle agents for detection and elimination of Brucella that may be present following a BW agent release in open spaces. Phase I Objectives: 1) Synthesize CdTe, TiO2 and ZnO luminescent nanoparticles, 2) Bioconjugate anti-RSV F protein monoclonal antibody (clone 131-2A) to nanoparticles, 3) Design and fabricate a hand-held prototype detector for RSV and Brucella (based on two sizes of CdTe nanoparticles), 4) Test biocongugated TiO2 nanoparticles for RSV elimination.

FANTASTIC DATA LLC 207 Prospect Avenue San Francisco, CA 94110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 643-9555 Mr. Mark Rich ARMY 05-123 Awarded: 10NOV05
Title:	Wireless Backbone to Monitor and Administer Large Remote DoD Acreage
Abstract:	The objective of Phase 1 is to develop and validate the requirements and design for a specialized wireless backbone data backhaul network to support a wide variety of sensors deployed across vast areas. The specialized nature of the backbone network-support for low-power sensor nodes, vast coverage areas, limited access, autonomous operation, and no grid power-sets it apart from other wireless backhaul concepts and approaches. Elements of commercial broadband wireless access (BWA) technology may be applicable but no existing equipment or approach can meet the system requirements. Validation of the requirements and design is necessary and important in advance of deployment to reduce risk. A combination of analysis, simulation, emulation, and prototyping provides the most effective risk reduction

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Mr. Barry Polakowski ARMY 05-123 Awarded: 08NOV05
Title:	Wireless Backbone to Monitor and Administer Large Remote DoD Acreage
Abstract:	The U.S. Army has stated a need for wirelessly monitoring large areas of remote land. The goal of this effort is to leverage Luna Innovation's existing wireless monitoring system to support the sensing elements and environmental requirements of this implementation. In Phase I of this effort we shall demo the current self-powered wireless system and develop the requirements and initial design for a modified system. The Phase II shall allow the research and development team to create functional field-ready prototypes. This effort builds on the expertise of Luna Innovations in designing self-powered wireless sensor networks and secure wireless communication devices.

SAN DIEGO RESEARCH CENTER, INC. 6885 Flanders Drive, Suite A San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 623-9424 Dr. Bo Ryu ARMY 05-123 Awarded: 09NOV05
Title:	Self-Organizing, Energy Efficient, Scalable and Cost-Effective Wireless Backbone to Monitor and Administer Large Remote DoD Acreage
Abstract:	San Diego Research Center (SDRC) offers a team of experts in wireless sensor networks, embedded networking, mesh networking, and military communication systems to design, analyze, and prototype a MANET-based wireless backbone that not only enables remote monitoring and data acquisition from heterogeneous sensor networks over the vast remote DoD lands and facilities, but also supports cooperation between sensor networks to accomplish complex tasks and to improve energy efficiency and scalability. During Phase I, the primary focus is to develop an validate the wireless backbone architecture, adapt the connectionless network (CN) concepts and algorithms to the specific requirements of the wireless backbone, integrate environmental energy harvest-aware duty cycling, MAC and routing protocols into the CN framework, design a common software and hardware platform for the backbone nodes, and evaluate the performance of the overall system through analysis and simulations. We will leverage three bodies of prior and ongoing research to design and validate the architecture concepts and subsystem technologies: (i) the successful prior work on CN radio developed at SDRC; (ii) the large body of prior work on wireless sensor networks and related tools and technologies developed at UCLA; and (iii) optimal RF planning tools developed by SDRC.

GLOBAL CONTOUR LTD. 1145 Ridge Road West Rockwall, TX 75087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(214) 514-4085 Dr. Jaycee Howard Chung ARMY 05-124 Awarded: 07NOV05
Title:	MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES-BASED SMART CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SELF-SENSING (MMP-SCSS) TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:	The purpose of the proposed SBIR project is to develop an innovative real-time smart concrete structural self-sensing and self-protection system/technique utilizing the material multifunctional characteristics (electrical and piezoresistive properties) of smart concrete structural material without using third-party embedded or attached sensors. The proposed system technology can be used for building occupancy assessment, security monitoring (intrusion detection), weight assessment on concrete foundation, electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection from potential electronic signal spying or terrorism, structural health monitoring (SHM) on military and commercial infrastructures. The proposed system/technology can be applied to military and commercial concrete infrastructures (military installation concrete facilities and bunkers, concrete buildings, bridges, highways and their interchanges, dams, tunnels, etc.) for several purposes. The system technology application is simple and performance-efficient, and technology implementation/maintenance is cost-effective. Furthermore, this innovation also allows the weighing of cars and trucks crossing the concrete paved highway at national and state borders, and the technology can be used for EMI shielding, as needed for the protection of electronic signal intelligence sensitive concrete structures (military bunkers and U.S. Embassies around the world) against electromagnetic forms of spying or terrorism.

HONEYBEE ROBOTICS 460 West 34th Street New York, NY 10001
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(212) 966-0661 Mr. Kris Zacny ARMY 05-125 Awarded: 04NOV05
Title:	Near-Surface Rapid Soil Characterization System
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed effort is to prove the feasibility and develop preliminary concepts for a rugged, portable, and robust system capable of assessing in-situ soil properties. Currently a rapid soil characterization system does not exist and the proposed work is essential to the development of such a device. Honeybee Robotics has much experience and expertise in planetary drilling and sampling system mechanism and automation design and implementation. The challenging requirements of the proposed rapid soil characterization system (RSCS) is similar in many ways to the unique systems developed by Honeybee for in situ planetary exploration of Mars, comets, the Moon, etc. These requirements include low mass, low power, semi- to fully-autonomous operation, sensor integration, and precision sample acquisition and manipulation. The proposed Phase I effort will focus on concept development and breadboard testing to determine the feasibility of integrating several types of sensors into a single one- to two-person-deployed RSCS and how the system will rapidly penetrate to depth and analyze (and potentially capture samples of) the soil. Phase II will result in a fully-integrated field-deployable RSCS prototype.

HYDROGEOPHYSICS, INC. 2302 N. Forbes Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85745
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 647-3315 Dr. Dale Rucker ARMY 05-125 Awarded: 08NOV05
Title:	Near-Surface Rapid Soil Characterization System
Abstract:	Hydrogeophysics proposes to develop a portable soil characterization tool to obtain the soil parameters of moisture, strength, and classification. Such a system would be the first to (1) automatically classify soils in the field according to the USCS; (2) collect both torsional shear and compressive strength of soils in the same instrument. The objective of the system is to demonstrate that these quantities can be acquired with minimal effort by unspecialized personnel operating in the theater of operations. The system will be comprised of two units, including a drill/impact hammer with a 3-foot auger with an attached cone. The second unit is a detached soil separator for classification. The hammer feature of the main unit will allow an estimation of the compressive strength of the soil; the drilling capability of the system will provide an estimate of shear strength. A feasibility study will be conducted to determine if the volumetric soil moisture or gravimetric soil moisture will be measured. The volumetric soil moisture can be determined with time domain reflectometry. Alternatively a soil decimation/desiccation system could measure the gravimetric soil moisture. The soil classification unit is designed to take the cuttings of the soil through a separator for classification.

TRANSTECH SYSTEMS, INC. 1594 State Street Schenectady, NY 12304
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 370-5558 Mr. Ronald W. Gamache ARMY 05-125 Awarded: 08NOV05
Title:	Near-Surface Rapid Soil Characterization System
Abstract:	Soil strength, type, and moisture content are needed to properly assess the load carrying capacity of infrastructure under traffic from ground vehicles and aircraft. Soldiers, with little engineering experience, must be capable of rapidly determining these critical properties to assess the mobility characteristics of maneuver corridors within the theater of operation. Current methods are subject to many limitations, including noise signature, incomplete soil assessment, inaccuracy, and potential for injury. In the proposed work, a novel extension of proven cone penetrometer technology will be developed that brings together measurement of soil strength, moisture content, and classification in a battlespace friendly configuration. First, the labor intensive and unwieldly configuration of the cone penetrometer is replaced with a hands-off, automatic, sound-shielded design that sits on the ground and employs an automatic and adaptive force generation and transfer mechanism. Moisture and dry density profiles will be measured using TransTech's patented electrical impedance technology. Finally, soil type will be developed from a fusion of electrical impedance data, cone and sleeve friction data, pore pressure data, and processed visual imagery. The proposed technology will, for the first time, develop a man-portable instrument that provides a comprehensive field assessment of soil characteristics important for mobility operations.

RJ LEE GROUP, INC. 350 Hochberg Road Monroeville, PA 15146
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(724) 325-1776 Dr. Boyd Clark ARMY 05-126 Awarded: 07NOV05
Title:	Predicting the Behavior of Cracked Concrete Exposed to Contamination
Abstract:	Concrete durability and its impact on life-cycle infrastructure costs and military readiness is a major societal issue. This SBIR Phase I project focuses on the feasibility of a concrete durability software model that considers the effects of cracks on contamination in concrete. Concrete contamination may affect durability and serviceability. Cracked concrete will contaminate faster leading to potential early degradation and repairs. Most concrete structures have cracked concrete somewhere or scattered everywhere. Models are needed to assess the rate of degradation for critical military facilities so operational readiness can be maintained. Today, no model exists to consider the effect of micro or macro cracks in concrete. This SBIR Phase I program will include feasibility assessments of contamination modeling from various ionic, immiscible liquids, and biological agents. The software program will be crucial to modeling contamination levels from these agents, effectiveness of remedial treatments, and the efficiency of potential preventative treatment measures. The key deliverable under this work in Phase I would be an investigation of cracking phenomenon, preliminary elaboration of the contamination model, and initial model validation.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. David Powell ARMY 05-127 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Design for Low-cost, Durable Thermoplastic Composite Sheet Piling System(1000-765)
Abstract:	Army operations require rapid deployment of waterfront construction systems including docks, wharfs and bridges. Current steel sheet piles, used for these construction purposes, are heavy and easily corrode. Phase I of the project will focus on developing a low-cost, lightweight, rapidly deployable and durable thermoplastic sheet pile system. Existing technologies, methods and issues will be reviewed. Key performance criteria will be generated and ranked. A section profile, interlocking method and anchoring method will be developed and evaluated.

GS ENGINEERING, INC. 101 West Lakeshore Drive Houghton, MI 49931
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(906) 482-1235 Mr. Glen Simula ARMY 05-128 Awarded: 09NOV05
Title:	High Temperature Bushings for Tracked Vehicles
Abstract:	Bushing degradation in tracked vehicles has attracted attention in the recent conflicts in hot, arid environments around the globe. Due to the increased ambient temperatures and the need for speed and agility, bushings are experiencing higher forces and higher temperatures. Due to this combined effect, bushings are deteriorating quickly, and require service too often. A solution combining advanced materials and engineering know how has GSE and its partners believing that we can come with a solution. With comprehensive knowledge of track systems and military vehicle GSE will use FE analysis to optimize the bushing design taking into account: actual track loads and temperature, material properties, coating techniques, and assembly methods to offer a solution that will significantly prolong the life of the track systems. Specifically, the track tension and rotation will be decoupled. In conjunction with the numerical analysis, optimized bushing designs will be fabricated and tested in a T158LL track bushing simulation machine at KRC. Numerical results can be matched with instrumented experimental data to gain confidence in FE predictions