| KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Dr. Arthur Keen MDA 06-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Netcentric Operations Defense Environment (NODE) |
| Abstract: | Current approaches to security are flawed because they 1) are highly dependent on characterizing known exploits making them vulnerable to new attack variants, 2) use hub-and-spoke centralized architectures that are not scalable and makes them vulnerable to availability attacks, 3) have single points of failure making them vulnerable to confidentiality, integrity, and availability attacks, 4) focus on perimeter defense, so they are vulnerable to insider threats including compromised hosts, and 5) produce results that overwhelm analysts with low level event data, high false positives, and no guidance on attack variants. Knowledge based Systems, Inc. (KBSI) proposes the Netcentric Operations Defense Environment (NODE). NODE is a new paradigm in computer network defense (CND) that detects network intrusions without 1) signatures cataloged prior to event detection, 2) heuristic rules, and 3) profiles of "normal" system behavior by applying data mining and machine learning technologies originally developed for understanding the function of the human genome. NODE achieves scalability, total coverage, redundancy, and fault tolerance in detecting intrusions by executing distributed data mining and machine learning algorithms over the network hosts (the computing fabric) in order to identify and characterize behavior patterns in the communication among hosts. |
| MULVAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
212 Carnegie Center,Suite 206 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 273-8407
Dr. Sudhakar Govindavajhala MDA 06-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Computer Network Defense (CND) Technologies |
| Abstract: | Recent preliminary research results have shown, (a) that misconfiguration bugs are an important source of vulnerability in enterprise network and software installations, and (b) how it may be possible to construct practical and useful tools that cyber security managers can use to analyze the security of their enterprise network and software configurations. This rsearch prototype analyzes the current state of defenses of a network. In this Phase I SBIR research project, we plan to incorporate dynamic information like current background scans and attacks into the framework to analyze current threat profile system. With the increasing sophistication of attackers, the problem of managing the security of a large network demands immediate focus to keep the wheels of our economic activity moving. |
| ATC - NY
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Dr. David Guaspari MDA 06-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aspen: Analyzing the compatibility of security policies in a system of systems |
| Abstract: | Complex applications are, increasingly, constructed by networking and integrating computer systems and services, each with its own stakeholders and security policy. Developers can find it difficult to understand how those policies mediate interactions among the component systems. Access decisions at some internal interface can have profound and unanticipated consequences, affecting both the functionality and security of the whole. The architecture of a system supplies the context in which these interactions occur and imposes constraints in addition to those enforced by individual security policies. ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation and Professor Andrew Myers of Cornell University, will develop Aspen, a tool to specify, design, model, and analyze the interactions of security policies and architecture in a system of systems. Aspen will extend a systems modeling language (such as SysML) with rich interface descriptions that include security annotations and specifications of the protocols by which components interact. Annotations and specifications are based, ultimately, on security type systems, which can be used to analyze security properties by a form of type checking. These type systems can also guide implementation of the inter-component protocols so that they do not introduce new security flaws. |
| KESTREL TECHNOLOGY LLC
4984 El Camino Real, Suite 230 Los Altos, CA 94022 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 967-4408
Dr. Douglas Smith MDA 06-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Composition and Verification of System Security Policies |
| Abstract: | Modern complex system-of-systems have the problem of coordinating and uniformly enforcing system-wide security policies. This project focuses on formal specification of security policies, system modeling, and specialized analysis tools for (i) composing and analyzing security policies, (ii) checking implementation relationships between policies at different system layers, and (iii) checking conformance of a system design with a given security policy. |
| GTECH SYSTEMS, INC.
P. O. Box 49735 Atlanta, GA 30359 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 934-9316
Dr. Jan Crowe MDA 06-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Next Generation Simulation Infrastructure for Missile Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | Grid and web-based technologies offer new capabilities with respect to resource allocation and integration for advanced distributed simulations. Realization of these benefits requires exploitation of these techniques in the context of defense industry standards such as the High Level Architecture. This project proposes the development of advanced distributed simulation infrastructure software that accomplishes this task, in conjunction with work to integrate the MDA Benchmark simulation to this new framework. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3250 Ocean Park Blvd.Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 581-5440
Dr. Azad M. Madni MDA 06-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | GridSpacesT: Dynamic Spaces for Runtime Composition of Grid Services |
| Abstract: | Despite major technical advances, the ability to "mix and match" disparate complex systems (e.g., live, virtual, constructive simulations) continues to pose a major challenge to DoD in general and MDA in particular. Today MDA believes that transformational advances in interoperability and integration have become possible with the advent of enterprise computing, web services, semantic technologies and grid computing. MDA is looking to harnessing these technologies in a synergistic fashion to achieve rapid fielding of interoperable, distributed systems for testing, analyses and training. With these objectives in mind, the MDA has specified a broad range of requirements such as advanced time management for data synchronization, scaleability of the O(104) entities, HLA-compliance, effective operation within the Global Information Grid, client-server authentication and secure communication, including "thin-client" approaches to conserve host computing, storage and communication resources. Phase I of this effort will develop a system design for a scalable integration framework that enables rapid interoperability among disparate systems through the use of a subset of these transformational technologies and demonstrate secure operation through a proof-of-concept prototype spanning at least two client systems. The prototype architecture will be designed for extensibility and scalability to larger system configurations. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC.
2984 Eagles Claw Avenue Thousand Oaks, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 493-5279
Dr. Phillip W. Dennis MDA 06-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Feature Aided Track and CDI Fusion Processing of Data from |
| Abstract: | Successful missile defense operations require an accurate real-time single integrated battlespace picture, while minimizing data throughput and bandwidth requirements. Current multi-sensor tracking approaches that treat kinematic and feature fusion as separate processes have high rates of correlation and target typing errors. Our integrated fusion process integrates optical and radar data, thereby reducing battlespace picture uncertainty by jointly considering kinematic, radar features, and thermal imaging data. Networked sensors working jointly substantially increase lethal object identification capability by sharing independent 2-D or 3-D kinematic data and feature data such as RCS, IR signatures, and length profiles. This approach improves system performance by increasing the ability to resolve high speed closely spaced objects, track maneuvering objects (boosting missiles and maneuvering/unstable reentry vehicles), and identify and destroy lethal objects within dense target clusters containing decoys and debris. Intelligent Systems Research will develop an integrated and distributed target type fusion process within a distributed component system architecture that receives statistically independent data from distributed network sensors and simultaneously processes this data. Our approach operates on sensor reports containing features, tracklets, and object type likelihoods. We minimize network throughput by adaptively transmitting data with a high value-of-information according to the needs of network participants. |
| MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 902-1434
Dr. Shan Cong MDA 06-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Distributed Registration with Expectation-maximization and Multiresolution System for BMD |
| Abstract: | MRLets Technologies, Inc. proposes to develop a suite of algorithms and software for registration of track and report data from IR and radar sensors. The proposed registration system is able to jointly identify correspondence between data from distributed platforms and to estimate sensor bias parameters. The system relies on three technologies to meet the challenges of the project. First, a distributed multiple hypothesis registration is introduced to establish and evaluate global hypotheses of track/report correspondences. To this end, we developed 3D models for space-based IR sensors and ground-based X-band radar, from which the data from different platforms can be related to solve the true location of a target in a common coordinate system. The models enable the correlation of multiplatform sensor data, both metric and features, so that the likelihood of each hypothesis can be calculated. From the constraints on coexisting hypotheses, joint and marginal probabilities of all hypotheses can be estimated also, providing the most critical information for hypothesis maintenance and registration processing. In order to solve the problem of unresolved cluster and group targets, a spatial domain multiresolutional registration is introduced to build up multiresolutional track/report trees, from which the hypothesis of a correspondence can be made at a proper resolution. When sensor bias exists, a registration algorithm is required to estimate sensor bias parameters and subsequently remove the bias from sensor data. Through an expectation-maximization operation, we demonstrate that bias parameters can be estimated from maximizing the summation of log-likelihoods of registration hypotheses, weighted by their marginal probabilities. As expectation-maximization can be an iterative process, bias estimation and hypothesis processing can be jointly optimized when necessary. Besides removing one source of system error due to miss-matching of sensor resolution, registration over multiresolutional data makes it possible to estimate bias parameters more efficiently by iterating from a coarse resolution to a fine resolution. Overall, the proposed distributed registration with expectation-maximization and multiresolution system (DREAMS) provides a complete solution to the issues of sensor registration for a BMD application. |
| NUMERICA CORP.
PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 419-8343
Dr. Benjamin Slocumb MDA 06-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Track Correlation / Sensor Netting - Submission B |
| Abstract: | The Ballistic Missile Defense System is evolving into a distributed network-centric architecture with tracking and discrimination being performed using multi-sensor data. The X-Band radar (FBX-T, SBX, and THAAD) will play a key role in the network. Each is capable of providing wideband waveforms to support needs in target discrimination. However, wideband waveforms require significant time and energy from the radar. The concern is that the discrimination processing will over-task the X-Band radar and cause it to be unable to meet the timeline requirements for the tracking of all objects. To truly evaluate the requirements and capabilities of the network-centric approach, there needs to be a closed-loop simulation environment. The BMD Benchmark is a premiere simulation environment used by MDA, MDNTB, and their contractors for the analysis of network-centric algorithms. Currently, it is the primary tool used by MDNTB for its development and analysis of the C2BMC Track Processing Thread. However, at this time the BMD Benchmark has no capability to model and simulate wideband waveforms. This Phase I proposal describes a program to conduct a path finding study to identify the way forward for adding the wideband radar capability to the BMD Benchmark. |
| AMTEC CORP.
500 Wynn Dr. Suite 314 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 722-7200
Mr. Bryan Hughes MDA 06-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Survivable Interceptor Modem |
| Abstract: | Reliable, high speed communications are critical to the successful completion of postulated missile defense engagements. Importantly, interceptor kill vehicles (KV) and carrier vehicles (CV) must meet mission performance requirements under hostile threat conditions and while exposed to direct and indirect radiation effects. The interceptor modem is a key communications link. Modem capability and reliability will have a significant impact on achieving mission success. Existing interceptor modems lack the ability to be reconfigured in response to changes in the threat or modified communications protocols. Further, these modems are point-source designs, are specific to individual systems, and lack the performance robustness and design flexibility for use across multiple system platforms. The successful completion of all 3 phases of this effort will result in a radiation hardened modem capable of meeting HAENS performance requirements. A common design strategy will be used to reduce cost and extend utility across multiple systems; appropriate communications protocols will be used to ensure mission performance and advanced re-configurable FPGA technology will be employed to achieve technological robustness. During Phase 1, survivability and performance requirements analysis will be conducted, and a Phase II approach will be developed. |
| WELKIN SCIENCES, LLC
102 S. Tejon Suite 200 Colorado Springs, CO 80903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 520-5115
Mr. Blair E. Sawyer MDA 06-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Interceptor Communications |
| Abstract: | Welkin Sciences proposes to formulate a class of burst-mode communication waveforms tailored for future MDA interceptor communication systems. The waveform signaling format will support four critical receiver functions: 1) very rapid carrier acquisition and time synchronization; 2) adaptive signal processing to mitigate received signal distortion arising from frequency-selective fading; 3) adaptive signal processing to suppress jamming signals and other interference sources; and 4) powerful error correction decoding. The waveform class will employ direct sequence pseudo-noise spread spectrum (DS-PNSS) modulation with time-varying characteristics to inhibit an adversary's ability to detect, disrupt, intercept or exploit the transmissions. Welkin Sciences also proposes to design the Advanced Interceptor Data Link (AIDL) with new ground-based and flight-vehicle transceivers utilizing our proposed new waveform type. To support evaluation of the AIDL design, Welkin Sciences further proposes to upgrade two important development tools: 1) the COMLNK software package, a development environment for strategic modem development; and 2) the COMLNK Hardware platform (CHP) that serves as a rapid prototyping system with which fully operational strategic data links can be implemented and tested. The upgraded COMLNK and CHP tools will exploit two decades of strategic "software modem" research formulated funded by the Defense Nuclear Agency, DTRA and MDA. |
| EMAG TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
775 Technology Dr.Suite 300 Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 996-3624
Dr. Kazem F. Sabet MDA 06-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Software Defined Radio for Next-Generation Interceptor |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR project is to establish a flexible and efficient software-defined radio architecture based on multi-waveform secure software programmable technology that can be used in two-way communication links between the Carrier and the Multiple Kill Vehicles or in any other MDA Communications System (EKV, KEI, Aegis etc.). EMAG Technologies Inc. has teamed up with Rockwell Collins Inc. to demonstrate this technology through analysis and simulations that will provide a stable compact platform for fabrication, packaging, testing, reliability, maintainability, radiation tolerance and qualification to meet MDA Requiremnts and Environments. There will be particular emphasis on leveraging the IFICS waveform due to its nuclear robustness. It is anticipated that a combination of reconfigurable MEMS-based RF front end hardware and programmable modem will lead to the ultimate flexibility and adaptiveness of missile communication systems. This project will develop a road map for the ultimate total integration of the RF front end and digital back end using silicon micromachining technology. |
| WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC.
200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(817) 872-1500
Ms. Nithya Ramaswami MDA 06-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Software Defined Radio for Next-Generation Interceptor |
| Abstract: | To meet the needs of the Missile Defense Agency by reducing the size, mass, and acquisition cost of kill vehicles, Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop a Miniature, Robust, Radiation-hardened, Reconfigurable Radio (MR4) that integrates the elements of a communication subsystem in a single System-on-a Chip package. MR4 will process digital IF and baseband as well as control Radio Frequency (RF) front-end and Input/Output (I/O) subsystems through software to support multi-waveform communications. The proposed MR4 will consist of software reconfigurable modem, low power processor, COTS security module, and an optional Up/down converter. The software reconfigurable modem interfaces with existing MEMS RF front-end and commercially off-the-shelf (COTS) security module, processes multiple waveforms (signal patterns), and hosts control algorithms for reconfiguration of RF front-end and the modem. The low power processor interfaces with COTS security module and I/O and controls input/output subsystem. The COTS security module implements the security features required for the application. The Up/down converter interfaces with RF MEMS front-end and converts the frequencies to levels processed by the modem. The Phase I effort will be an open architecture design that will allow for easy adaptability into BMDS platforms, other defense or commercial applications. |
| DIGITAL FUSION
5030 Bradford DriveBuilding 1, Suite 210 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 783-4578
Mr. Darren Woodruff MDA 06-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Automated Battle Management / Planning Aids |
| Abstract: | The first step in performing effective battle management is to understand the threat. Current sensors provide the majority of the information needed to build a complete threat picture. The main issue is the complexity of the data and the multiplicity of the sources, types and time sensitivity of the data inputs. The available sensors range from the current DSP constellation to theater level assets such as AEGIS all the way down to tactical assets such as PATRIOT and SENTINEL. The majority of the theater and tactical systems inject their track data into the LINK-16 network, while the DSP systems are broadcast over TACSAT links. The key to utilizing this data effectively for battle management is turning the data into a coherent picture of the BattleSpace in near real-time. Once this is accomplished, the potential benefits for conducting Joint Theater Air and Missile Defense (JTAMD) are great. Phase I of this effort will provide an initial capability to collect, database and associate DSP/ONIR launch reports to produce a single launch and impact report for each event. This will be used as the foundation to build a system which will correlate all available sensors, producing a single track for each launch event. |
| SIGNATURE ANALYTICS LLC
1825 Duffield Lane Alexandria, VA 22307 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 400-0097
Dr. Shaoann Shon MDA 06-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Automated Weapon Target Allocation Optimization |
| Abstract: | Signature Analytics LLC proposes to conduct a 6-month study on the optimiation methodology for weapon-target-allocation in missil defense engagement planning and battle management. We plan to examine the weapon allocation problem, formulate mathematically the optimization objective function and parametric constraints, search for existing applicable linear programming methods, assess their suitability and determine the modification needed to adapt the methods to this missile defense application. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Parkway NorthP.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 663-9034
Mr. Matthew Wilson MDA 06-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Automated Battle Management / Planning Aids |
| Abstract: | The United States missile defense capability is expanding rapidly. As the number of interceptors, types, and locations increase to defend against growing threats, so does the complexity of defense. Development of automated allocation of assets to threats is a critical technology to save lives and to efficiently utilize scarce assets (save money) in the event of an actual launch. This automated allocation strategy must account for the many parameters related to threat and response. Threat parameters include launch location, warheads, range, reliability, and target point. Response parameters include platform, intercept location, time-windows, interceptor types, and probability of kill. The ultimate operational success of any solution requires a quality automated allocation with user acceptance and confidence. Sonalysts will develop the necessary algorithms and visualization techniques for this complex problem. This development will be based on a resource allocation strategy to develop a Multi-Layer Asset Allocation algorithm for engaging multiple threats from varied interceptors. The proposal outlines the mathematical/computational basis as well the user interface design approach for managing the developed algorithmic solution. Sonalysts has considerable knowledge and research success in missile defense, combat systems, and human systems integration to apply towards development of the technologies for this complex problem. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 931-2700
Mr. Richard H. Stottler MDA 06-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Automated Interceptor to Target Assignment Based on Proven, Advanced Techniques for Planning, Resource Allocation, and Constraint Satisfaction |
| Abstract: | We propose the development of an advanced, intelligent, robust engagement planner for the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). Ultimately the improved missile defense engagement planning capability will allow better quality plans; faster planning; larger, more complex threats; additional defense system capabilities; increased planning problem space; and better accuracy, reliability, maintainability, growth potential, and adaptability of the engagement planning system. In Phase I we will investigate integration requirements, elaborate the heuristics, algorithms and techniques for improved engagement planning, analyze them as to their feasibility in several dimensions, define the metrics for planning performance, define the process to clearly demonstrate the performance improvement, further prove the feasibility of the techniques through prototype development, and develop the Phase II system design and high-level Phase III design. We are confident of our ability to improve upon the current BMDS planning system and to accomplish this ambitious scope within Phase I because we will leverage our existing highly customizable intelligent planning architecture with its existing planning infrastructure; existing, proven, superior algorithms; and capability to develop and implement new ones. Our foundation includes 15 years of advanced planning, scheduling, resource selection, constraint satisfaction, and optimization experience involving a variety of application areas, including tactical engagement planning. |
| TORCH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4035 Chris DriveSuite C Huntsville, AL 35802 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 319-6000
Mr. Roy Thrasher MDA 06-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Sensor Registration Health and Status Monitoring Technology Components |
| Abstract: | MDA is designing and building a Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) that consists of integrated weapon systems and sensors capable of defeating enemy ballistic missiles. The Command, Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) Element of the BMDS facilitates the necessary activities to allow information to be shared and engagements to be coordinated. Correlation, cueing, advanced engagement support, and fusion are core functions performed by C2BMC, which allow shared sensor data to be leveraged, and are heavily dependent on maintaining good sensor registration. As a direct result of the importance of sensor registration, the C2BMC Element has a requirement to conduct BMDS Sensor Registration Health and Status Monitoring (SRHSM) as a means to reduce the risk associated with network sharing of sensor metric track data. This proposal presents the Torch Technologies `trusted radar' concept, which provides an innovative means to generate reference tracks to support SRHSM evaluations of networked radars. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves MDA 06-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Arbitrage Look-ahead Agents for Market-based Optimization (ALAMO) |
| Abstract: | Missile defense takes place in an unpredictable, real-time environment and thus requires an adaptive approach to optimization that dynamically allocates sensors and their supporting resources in response to changing goals and constraints. Here, we propose a system of Arbitrage Look-ahead Agents for Market-based Optimization (ALAMO) to meet the challenge of this real-time resource allocation problem. This approach applies solutions from economic theory, particularly game theory, to the resource allocation problem by creating an artificial market for sensor information and computational resources. Intelligent agents are the buyers and sellers in this market, and they represent all the elements of the sensor network, from sensors to sensor platforms to computational resources. These agents interact based on a negotiation mechanism that determines their bidding strategies. This negotiation mechanism and the agents' bidding strategies are based on game theory, and they are designed so that the aggregate result of the multi-agent negotiation process is a market in competitive equilibrium, which guarantees an optimal allocation of resources throughout the sensor network. Here, we extend market-based optimization using arbitrage look-ahead agents to turn this approach into a non-myopic planning algorithm, which provides both computational gains and more efficient allocation of sensor tasks. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd AvenueSuite 200 Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. Joni E. Baker MDA 06-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimal Sensor Scheduling for Ballistic Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) has become increasingly complex, as sophisticated and extensive sensors and defense systems have been developed to detect, track, classify and intercept Tactical Ballistic Missiles (TBMs) throughout each phase of their trajectory. These systems include multiple sensors of various types, which must accomplish diverse time-critical tasks that involve multiple moving targets. Our proposed Phase I research involves the development of a new sensor scheduling algorithm for BMD which will utilize Brown's algorithm to create and iteratively refine a schedule for multiple sensors to perform tasks relating to multiple moving targets. This algorithm was originally developed to optimally allocate search effort against a single moving target to maximize the probability of detection. However, the main ideas can be modified to create sensor schedules which handle other types of tasks as well. The first iteration of Brown's algorithm uses myopic conditions to optimally schedule the sensors each successive time step; the subsequent iterations incorporate information gained at other times (future and past) to form a schedule that accounts for long-term conditions. Such a non-myopic schedule is especially important in the BMD scenario wherein careful planning may result in more than one opportunity to intercept certain incoming missiles. |
| DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP.
1235 South Clark StreetSuite 400 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 414-5036
Dr. David Fiske MDA 06-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimization of Sensor Management/Sensor Registration |
| Abstract: | We propose to build a sensor resource management algorithm that builds tasking plans that account for both discrimination and tracking information. This approach, which uses a value of information construct to prioritize tasks based on warfighter-defined value, extends our earlier work in which we provided sensor resource management algorithms for the tracking and for the discrimination problem separately. In both cases we have demonstrated the ability to (1) Allow for possible sensor collaboration if the value of collaborating sensors on a single object outweighs the value of unique tasks since all combinations of sensors will be considered when making the sensor plan; (2) Simulate the differences between short single looks and long continuous observations; (3) Take into consideration sensor slew time and physical limitations; (4) Provide engagement support by reporting track data during times when engagement support is required; (5) Allow for varied tracking constraints to increase the fidelity of the tracking data when engagement support is needed; and (6) Allow sensor resources to be available for kill assessment that may provide a shoot-look-shoot option for sensor tasking. |
| NUMERICA CORP.
PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 419-8343
Dr. Scott Miller MDA 06-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimization of Sensor Management/Sensor Registration |
| Abstract: | To provide multiple layers of defense against increasingly complex threats, the heterogeneous sensors of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) must be carefully coordinated to make optimal use of their diverse capabilities. In particular, because information demands are tied to the timeline of various decision points in an engagement, and sensor dynamics impose limitations on the timing of sensing tasks, foresight and planning are crucial to ensure the required information is available in time for effective engagements. A sensor resource manager (SRM) for the BMDS must therefore employ sophisticated models of the sensors to satisfy long-term performance goals. The SRM algorithm proposed here is based on approximate solutions of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), to properly account for dynamics and generate the desired farsighted behavior. Moreover, the algorithm does not depend on analytical sensor models, but rather uses simulation-based functional models for predicting complex local sensor behavior. The functional models are integrated with the performance prediction and search method in a systematic and intelligent way, making the algorithm much more efficient than a naive Monte Carlo approach, and providing several mechanisms for scaling the amount of computation to trade off performance and runtime. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Dr. Kenan O. Ezal MDA 06-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimized Resource Allocation for Networked Sensors (OpeRA-Net) |
| Abstract: | Toyon(R) proposes to develop a system for optimized resource allocation of networked sensors that will dynamically task sensors to support data fusion for improved surveillance, detection, tracking and discrimination of time-critical ballistic targets. We treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where a fusion-aided continuous identification (ID) process works with a dynamic sensor tasking (DST) module to maximize the information contained in the track database. The amount of information is quantified using an information-theoretic definition of the expected entropy in the track database given a candidate sensor schedule. The domain of sensor tasks involves a range of different sensor modes/waveforms so that the fusion and tracking module may best be serviced for different values of the expected signal-to-interference ratio, resolution, background clutter, drag coefficient, object classification and radar cross-section. The networked sensors need not be co-located. In Phase I, Toyon will develop radar, EO/IR and Ladar sensor models for our SLAMEM(R) simulation. We will then implement the DST module to control the new sensor models and evaluate the resulting performance. In Phase II, Toyon will improve the algorithm and the fidelity of the sensor models and will demonstrate the operation of the algorithm in real time for a scenario approved by the MDA and will develop hardware-in-the-loop simulation capability. |
| DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP.
1235 South Clark StreetSuite 400 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 414-5001
Mr. Andy David MDA 06-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | Under this SBIR, the Decisive Analytics Corporation (DAC) team addresses two niche capabilities that are not currently addressed in the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). We propose describing the problems of tracking and discrimination within a single, hybrid, dynamic Bayesian network model. We propose solving this network model using a novel inference algorithm suited for use with hybrid dynamic Bayesian network. Additionally, we propose to address the problem of track correlation by employing an innovative Multiple Hypothesis Bayesian Network framework that works in conjunction with our proposed integrated tracking and discrimination network model. Both of these proposed approaches will build on the DAC team's computational techniques for performing inference in large-scale network models. These technologies, combined with DAC's experience in missile defense will result in algorithms suitable for prototyping in Phase I and Phase II, and integration and deployment to the BMDS via in Phase III of this SBIR. |
| GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY CONNECTION, INC.
2839 Paces Ferry Rd. Suite 1160 Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 803-3001
Dr. Nicholas Propes MDA 06-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Hierarchical Data Fusion Architecture for Missile Detection and Identification |
| Abstract: | Global Technology Connection, Inc., in collaboration with Center for Multisource Information Fusion (CMIF) at SUNY (Buffalo) and Boeing Net-Centric Operations, proposes the development of data fusion architecture based on a hybrid analytical / intelligent methodology that exploits the concept of "focus of attention" via active perception in order to optimize missile classification accuracy while reducing substantially the computational burden. The fusion scheme incorporates several levels of abstraction: fusion at the data level, the feature level and the sensor level. The overall architecture employs technologies from soft computing, Dempster-Shafer theory and game theory to provide a robust and reliable platform for critical aerospace systems. Phase I effort will develop and test the feasibility of the data fusion algorithms for missile detection and identification using the Distributed Data Fusion (DDF) testbed. The DDF simulator was developed by SUNY (Buffalo) to test and evaluate algorithms to perform networking, sensor simulation, target tracking and fusion in a battlefield environment. Phase II will address design and construction of prototype for implementing the data fusion concept for components that includes logic for dynamic topology, management of features, a variety of sensor platforms, 3D visualization of threat objects, etc. and a performance evaluation module. Several aerospace end users like Boeing Phantom Works have already expressed interest in the commercial applications (Phase III) of this approach for their missile defense systems. |
| STIEFVATER CONSULTANTS
10002 Hillside terrace Marcy, NY 13403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 334-4365
Dr. Russell Brown MDA 06-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | The goal of this project is to optimize and validate sensor fusion algorithms for the ballistic missile discrimination mission. These algorithms will take data from multiple radars viewing the exo-atmospheric scene from different angles to form two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The algorithms will consider (1) the coherent processing of multiple monostatic radars and (2) the coherent processing of the data from these radars operating in simultaneous monostatic and bistatic modes. Multistatic radars using simultaneous orthogonal waveforms have a number of independent sources of information (the various monostatic and bistatic returns from the orthogonal waveforms). This data can be employed to provide improved discrimination capability. A `rooftop?experiment, viewing a rotating target, will be used in the validation of these algorithms. Note that ISAR imaging of rotating targets is mathematically equivalent to imaging of moving targets ( the objective of the missile defense mission). Existing experimental radars will be used for this experiment. Extension of the algorithms to multiple band radar operation will be investigated. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
1900 S. Sepulveda BlvdSuite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 268-1249
Mr. Jeffery Philson MDA 06-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) relies on a geographically dispersed set of sensors operating across different frequency bands. As tracking and discrimination techniques that combine information from multiple BMDS assets are superior to techniques that rely on individual sensors alone, robust data fusion algorithms are needed to maximize performance. Data fusion algorithms that provide 3-dimensional images of targets, as well as estimates of target motion parameters and tests for rigidity, offer promising new capabilities to the BMDS. Technology Service Corporation (TSC) will develop and analyze a suite of algorithms that provide these target features in the context of a multi-sensor network of radars that are not cohered with one another and have a limited Coherent Processing Interval (CPI). The successful demonstration of such a system will provide target features and discrimination with minimal radar resources. In Phase I, TSC will investigate spectral estimation and 3-dimensional tomographic imaging techniques, as well as extend proven physics-based techniques to operate under a multi-sensor network. In Phase II, TSC will refine the algorithms to work with measured data and pursue speed improvements for real time applications. |
| EUTECUS, INC.
1936 University Avenue Suite 360 Berkeley, CA 94704 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 540-9603
Dr. Akos Zarandy MDA 06-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Near-Pixel Signal Processing to Improve Next-Generation Interceptor |
| Abstract: | Eutecus proposes to develop scalable focal-plane sensor-processor array chips, equipped with InGaAs sensor sensitive in the near infrared range. As opposed to the traditional integrating type approach, the sensor interface in our proposed design will contain precise transimpedance amplifiers and 8-12 bit AD converters, which allow significantly higher sampling rate. In this way, the incoming image frequency will go up to the few hundred kilohertz (kHz) or even to a few megahertz (MHz) region, which is critical in case of Fourier analysis of the incoming pixel information. The sensor array will be mapped into a high performance processor array. Each of the processors of the array will handle one or a few pixels. The processors will be equipped with minimum 128 bytes of memory per pixel, a multiple-add type arithmetic unit, a special statistical unit, and a morphology unit. In this way, the proposed sensor-processor chip will be able to perform Fourier analysis or calculate other kinds of computationally heavy linear (e.g. mean, convolution) or non-linear (e.g. min, max, median) or binary (mathematical morphology) filters, and provide the processed output with a few thousand frames per second speed. The output can be either an image or a decision or both, which can alarm the main processor of the host system when a certain target or special visual event occurs. |
| HYPERACUITY SYSTEMS
6555 Delmonico Drive #212 Colorado Springs, CO 80919 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 333-6002
Dr. Michael Wilcox MDA 06-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Near-Pixel Signal Processing to Improve Next-Generation Interceptor |
| Abstract: | A vision system based on an insect compound eye is ideal for minimizing size of the vision system but it also offers virtually unlimited field of view with orders of magnitude increase in processing speed over digital camera based systems, because it eliminates the need for frame-rate sampling or even capture and movement of discreet cinematographic frames to a memory space for subsequent digital processing. Parallel processing and analog circuitry provides orders of magnitude increase in processing speed. Hyperacuity or subpixel resolution provides data reduction but is also compatible with all available compression approaches. Feature extraction on the same sensor chip speeds up numerical analysis for object identification over other available approaches. A compound eye does not require the vehicle's coveted front-end position, avoiding optical distortion due to the shock wave and leaving it open for a sharp point to shed heat and a plasma generator. Such a vision system will allow vehicle control with unprecedented accuracy, producing a purely defensive platform that can eliminate a target with precision interception. |
| NOVA RESEARCH, INC.
320 Alisal Road, Suite 104 Solvang, CA 93463 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(905) 693-9600
Mr. Mark A. Massie MDA 06-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | In-Pixel Signal Processing for Hypertemporal Applications |
| Abstract: | Nova Sensors has developed the world's first infrared 1K x 1K focal plane array with in-pixel memory and switched capacitor processing circuitry. These developments have "paved the way" for other on-focal plane signal processing designs in which circuitry contained directly in the readout integrated circuit (ROIC) may be used to greatly simplify the overall system. The massively parallel pixel-based architecture of such imaging sensors can be of great speed, cost and power advantage when local temporal and spatial operations are applied directly at the pixel level. We propose to design and develop a new ROIC that (a) exploits the advantages of an in-pixel Resistive Transimpedance Amplifier (RTIA) and (b) applies hypertemporal imaging (HTI) algorithms to pixel intensity data directly at the sensor. Investment of a few milliwatts of electrical power in the ROIC can result in dynamically-tunable temporal filtering operations that aid in the detection and discrimination of boosting targets against highly cluttered backgrounds. This proposal will outline a program that develops actual silicon test chip hardware that demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for future MDA HTI applications. Lockheed Santa Barbara Focalplane and recognized experts in the field of hypertemporal algorithms are technology partners in this effort. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.(SPEC)
101 West Sixth StreetSuite 200 Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Mr. Brad Sallee MDA 06-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | IR Smart Sensor ROIC |
| Abstract: | Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) proposes an advanced, single-chip, hybridized detector Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) and an integrated detector enabling a single-chip large array ROIC receiver solution. The smart pixel circuitry supports on chip multi-frame, pixel by pixel comparison to enable reporting only when scene content changes are greater than some user specified threshold. This technique reduces I/O bandwidth by eliminating the requirement to read out the entire array. Upon exceeding threshold, a precision time stamp for that particular detector will be added to the output file to facilitate high precision tracking algorithms. In addition, an optimized transimpedance amplifier will minimize the Noise Effective Power (NEP) of the sensor assembly. SPECs IR Smart Sensor ROIC (IRSSR) leverages from existing LADAR ROIC circuit modules were each detector is coupled to a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) directly under each detector pixel. SPEC has previously developed LADAR smart pixel ROIC's with the TIA, multiple sample and hold data storage, and independent sample timing circuits directly below each detector pixel in the array to enable the multiple independent signal returns per pixel processing required in a LADAR system application. These modules, with an optimized TIA, will be built into the IRSSR pixel logic. |
| AERIUS PHOTONICS, LLC.
4160 Market St., Suite 6 Ventura, CA 93003 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 642-4645
Dr. Jon Geske MDA 06-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | 2-D Optical Preamplifier Pixel Arrays For Near Photon-Counting FLASH LADAR Receivers |
| Abstract: | Aerius Photonics proposes a 2-D Optical-Preamplifier Pixel Array (OPPA) to provide near photon-counting imaging FLASH LADAR receiver sensitivity with linear-mode operation, full pulse shape discrimination, superior countermeasure immunity, and distinct advantages that improve target discrimination. The approach leverages single pixel receiver programs underway at Aerius. Aerius' OPPA is an optical-preamplifier pass-through approach that is system compatible with advanced direct-detection and coherent Ladar receiver technology programs underdevelopment by the DoD. The OPPA receiver offers an input referred noise equivalent power of 2.4 photons and can achieve an SNR of 10 with 7.5 received photons. The OPPA operates at room temperature, utilizes mature PIN detector array technology, and enables system performance improvements while reducing system cost, weight, and power. Phase II will deliver a 1064 nm 128x128 FLASH Ladar receiver that utilizes Aerius' pixel amplifier technology. In Phase I, Aerius will demonstrate the concept feasibility with the fabrication and test of a 4x4 array of pixel amplifiers operating at 1064 nm and develop a system architecture design for integration with our technology partner's receivers and systems in phase II. |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5830
Dr. Ayub Fathimulla MDA 06-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Linear-mode, Wide FOV, Single Photon Counting APD Ladar Array |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of the proposed SBIR program is to develop compact, low-cost, low power and ultra-high sensitivity semiconductor ladar photoreceivers with linear mode photon counting capabilities that will be at once capable of high image, range and angular resolution. Specifically, we will model, design, analyze, fabricate and test and demonstrate high sensitivity, high bandwidth, (1.0 GHz), low noise and high dynamic range detector arrays (32 x 32). In Phase I, we will develop the basic material and device technology for the single pixels photoreceiver, optimize the production process for large format arrays, investigate ROIC design and integration, and establish feasibility by projecting the performance of the photon counting receiver and showing that it meets the performance of typical MDA ladar systems. In Phase II, we will design, fabricate and test the monolithic (32 x 32) ladar photoreceiver arrays operating at 1064 nm with greater than 1GHz bandwidth. |
| NOVA RESEARCH, INC.
320 Alisal Road, Suite 104 Solvang, CA 93463 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 693-9600
Mr. Mark A. Massie MDA 06-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative 2K x 2K Dual Band Readout Integrated Circuit for MDA Applications |
| Abstract: | Nova Sensors proposes the development of a new 2K x 2K dual-band readout integrated circuit (ROIC) that will be specifically tailored for use in MDA applications. We propose incorporation of on-FPA features that streamline the use of the resulting dual-band focal plane array (FPA) data for missile detection, tracking and spectral discrimination applications. In cooperation with QmagiQ and Lockheed Martin Santa Barbara Focalplane (SBF), Nova will produce a preliminary design for this dual band ROIC in the Phase I effort. The ROIC will also accommodate use of other detector materials, but the superior uniformity and "bandgap engineered" features of QmagiQ's multiple quantum well (QWIP) material will be an important element of the proposed effort. Lockheed Martin SBF has indicated their support for transitioning this new technology into fielded systems. A variety of on-FPA processing operations are proposed that will help to optimize the implementation of such very large format dual band FPAs; these include on-FPA spectral differencing and ratioing operations as well as on-chip analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. |
| QMAGIQ, LLC
One Tara BoulevardSuite 102 Nashua, NH 03062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 821-3092
Dr. Mani Sundaram MDA 06-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Passive IR Sensors Based on High Quantum Efficiency P-on-N Type-II Strained Layer Superlattices |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop sensitive passive infrared sensors for ballistic missile defense applications from Type-II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattices (SLS). The novelty of our approach lies in using a P-on-N photodiode device geometry (in contrast to the usual N-on-P) to leverage the excellent low-noise readout multiplexers available to drive these diode arrays. In Phase 1, we will quantify and optimize our material and passivation quality, and develop and DELIVER a 320x256 longwave infrared focal plane array (LWIR FPA). In Phase 2, we will further drive the technology and develop and DELIVER 1Kx1K dualband FPAs with pixel-registered and simultaneous imaging in two longwave infrared bands. This FPA will enhance target discrimination and provide a larger field of view to infrared seekers such as THAAD. |
| MARK RESOURCES, INC.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Dr. August W. Rihaczek MDA 06-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radar Debris Algorithms and Models for Discrimination |
| Abstract: | MARK Resources proposes to adapt BMD discrimination technology developed under MDA funding to reject debris while using greatly reduced radar resources. We will measure the positions, motions, and properties of scatterers on each object; derive the size of each object and the configuration of its scatterers, assuming it is a cone; and reject objects too small to be an RV, or whose scatterer configuration does not correspond to an RV. The proposed method offers important advantages over statistical approaches: debris rejection based on physical features is much more reliable; the algorithms do not depend on detailed modeling of debris and its statistical features, so do not require detailed information on the debris; radars of varying capabilities, including those without high signal bandwidth, can employ our method; and no higher signal-to-noise ratio is needed than that required for detection. The debris pre-screener should be demonstrated on measured radar data, supplemented by much more extensive simulated data. We have extensive experience in deterministic modeling of radar targets and in developing statistical models of a wide variety of clutter. We propose to adapt these models and procedures to generate high-fidelity coherent wideband signatures representative of debris present in a threat cloud. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Anthony Falcone MDA 06-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Debris Coherent Discrimination and Modeling |
| Abstract: | Significant interest exists in developing radar algorithms to screen debris and small fragments from objects of interest in a ballistic missile defense threat complex. RCS statistics alone may not be sufficiently reliable to perform this screening function. A statistical model of radar debris fragments with realistic phase and amplitude variations suitable for large scale Monte-Carlo testing of discrimination algorithms and architectures is to be developed. We propose to estimate the size, spin rate, and relative velocity of debris fragments using Single-Range Doppler Interferometry. We also propose to draw upon and extend SSCI's Hypothesis Density (PHD) tracking and classification approach for the prescreening function. To support these investigations, a statistical debris model will be developed that simulates both phase and amplitude for debris fragments. A kinematic and RCS model previously developed by SSCI to support tracking and classification will be extended to incorporate coherent debris signatures. Phase II will demonstrate the effectiveness of the debris prescreener using available measured radar data, and demonstrate the fidelity of the coherent statistical debris model under broader radar operating conditions. Phase III will integrate the debris prescreening algorithms into BMD midcourse ballistic missile defense radars and demonstrate the total capability of the updated system. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
1900 S. Sepulveda BlvdSuite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 954-2200
Dr. George Bohannon MDA 06-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radar Debris Algorithms and Models for Discrimination |
| Abstract: | Debris in a missile complex can significantly impact performance of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). The presence of debris can affect the accuracy of tracks on potentially threatening objects and the ability to reliably identify threatening objects versus non-threatening objects. It is important that the effects of debris on BMDS performance be well understood and its detrimental effects mitigated where necessary. The TSC debris RCS model will produce radar signatures with the characteristics needed for BMDS architecture and radar algorithm studies. The model will produce coherent signatures that will support analysis of radar algorithms that rely on phase characteristics, including Doppler. The model will have credible temporal variations in amplitude and phase. It will be compatible with wideband radar waveforms and radar frequencies from UHF through X-band as a minimum, and it will produce credible polarization dependence. The debris model will be used for development and evaluation of the proposed TSC debris pre-screener algorithm. The pre-screener algorithm will make it possible to quickly assign debris identification probabilities to much of the debris in a missile complex, thereby enabling the defense to allocate its resources more effectively. The pre-screener algorithm will operate using low PRF waveforms and low to medium radar bandwidths. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Information Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Vitaliy Khizhnichenko MDA 06-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic and Flying Object Finding/Identifying/Tracking Software |
| Abstract: | To address the MDA need for optimal methods for finding, fixing, tracking, and identifying ballistic and flying objects in cluttered space environments, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop new Ballistic And Flying Object Finding/Identifying/Tracking (BAFOFIT) software. This proposed software system is based on: 1) a novel photogrammetric model, 2) a high-speed coregistration procedure, and 3) a software toolset for self-adaptive clutter rejection and optimal filtering. The BAFOFIT system will offer reliable detection and tracking of small, distant, and dim targets using scanning and staring sensors installed on geostationary and low-orbit satellites of the SBIRS-High, STSS, and SBSS systems. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of BAFOFIT by implementing image processing (geometric transformation and clutter suppression) functions using C++ and optimal filtering through MATLAB for the most significant clutter sources and imaging configurations. In Phase II POC plans to develop a real-time operational BAFOFIT prototype, covering an extended set of clutter and imaging configurations, and deployable at MDA facilities. |
| TORREY PINES LOGIC, INC.
3525 Del Mar Heights Rd, Suite 581 San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 382-7200
Dr. Leo Volfson MDA 06-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Robust Spatial-Temporal Clutter Rejection Filters and Track-Before-Detect Architectures for Space Based Platforms |
| Abstract: | Efficient clutter rejection is a challenge for both space-based geostationary and low-earth orbit infrared sensors that must find, extract, and track moving targets in heavily cluttered backgrounds. In such systems, reliable target tracking using conventional approaches fails without clutter rejection down to/below the sensor noise level. The task is complicated by sensor motion which causes image translation, rotation, and non-stationarity that lead in turn to an increased false alarm rate. To address this challenge we propose to develop: (a) Robust, nonlinear spatial-temporal image processing techniques for clutter rejection and image stabilization that are efficient for both geostationary and low-earth orbit platforms and that can be easily integrated into an adaptive multi-filter bank architecture; (b) Extremely accurate two-stage super-stabilization algorithms; (c) Optimal nonlinear filtering-based track-before-detect architectures to detect very dim targets; and (d) Change detection-based advanced track confirmation/deletion algorithms. We will demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear spatial-temporal methods are particularly efficient for target detection/tracking in difficult scenarios where conventional spatial filters and differencing techniques fail. The developed software tools will be capable of predicting the performance and reducing to a minimum the time needed to search for an adequate system configuration in MDA programs/systems. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Andrew P. Brown MDA 06-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Enhanced Low Observables Algorithms |
| Abstract: | Highly-accurate detection, tracking, and identification of dim missile defense targets poses a significant challenge, due to scene clutter, finite sensor resolution, and nonlinearities in the target dynamics and sensor measurement models. Toyon proposes to use optical mathematical methods to design algorithms which provide significant improvements in the ability to find, fix, track, and identify missile defense targets of interest under the full range of real world operating conditions and sensor limitations. Toyon proposes to clearly demonstrate significant performance improvements using the developed algorithms and software, for highly-stressing datasets. It is expected that completion of this research and development, followed by commercialization, will provide added value for future SBIRS-like (Space Based Infrared Satellite), STSS-like (Space Tracking and Surveillance System), and SBSS-like (Space Based Space Surveillance) systems. |
| BLACK FOREST ENGINEERING, LLC
1879 Austin Bluffs Parkway Colorado Springs, CO 80918 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 593-9501
Dr. Steve Gaalema MDA 06-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multiband Infrared Focal Plane Array for Seeker Applications |
| Abstract: | Improved interceptor seeker capability to detect, identify, and discriminate re-entry vehicles (RV's) from countermeasures at distances of hundreds of kilometers is critical for missile defense. Development of an advanced infrared seeker combining high-spatial resolution with multiband detection for spectral discrimination is desired for material identification and RV discrimination. The challenge is to develop multiband sensors of greater sensitivity, higher resolution, and larger field-of-view to increase detection and tracking range. The sensor needs to be affordable, reliable, and operate at elevated temperature. Corrugated architecture quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) meet many seeker detector requirements and have recently demonstrated improved quantum efficiency and multiband capability. Black Forest Engineering's (BFE) readout integrated circuits provide large charge capacity and dark current subtraction that allows increase of C-QWIP operating temperature. BFE will design a 25x25 μm2 area pixel that will allow readout of 4-band collocated QWIPs in a near simultaneous mode. The Phase I design will include system modeling and fabrication plan for a large format sensor development on Phase II. |
| EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0203
Dr. Silviu Velicu MDA 06-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multiband Infrared (IR) Seeker |
| Abstract: | A major issue that inhibits the performance of current long wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) in THAAD seekers is the residual non-uniformity (RNU). This non-uniformity (larger that 0.2% in FPAs fabricated with the current technology) leads to major restrictions on FPA integration times and optics temperatures. We propose to design and develop a 640x512 two-color mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR)/LWIR FPA technology based on HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Increased uniformity in composition, doping, thickness and defect minimization will occur due to specialized growth and in-situ monitoring techniques. RNUs lower than 0.2% in the LWIR band and 0.05% in the MWIR are expected. We will evaluate the uniformity of MBE-grown LWIR HgCdTe layers and will study the effects of various processing steps on layer uniformity. Test devices will also be fabricated to asses the uniformity of the device operating characteristics. BAE Systems will support the Phase I program with trade studies associated with single and two-color device design and array fabrication. In Phase-II, 640 x 512 two-dimensional, two-color arrays will be fabricated and mated to 2-color MWIR/LWIR ROICs. If necessary, various approaches for improving layer uniformity will be implemented. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 934-2100
Dr. Aaron Moy MDA 06-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced MWIR/LWIR Multi-Spectral Detectors |
| Abstract: | Hyperspectral imaging arrays offer far more data and the ability to discriminate objects being observed. Continued difficulties with applying HgCdTe materials, especially for LWIR, present an opportunity for the development of alternate materials. One such candidate for MWIR/LWIR photodetectors are InAsSb alloys and short period Type-II superlattices based on InAs/GaInSb. This superlattice structure has the ability to tune the cutoff wavelengths during device fabrication and yet be amenable to the creation of multi-spectral serially-positioned pixels. One of the issues this Phase I program will address is the intermixing of Arsenic and Antimony at the superlattice interfaces, which can hamper LWIR operation. Improved superlattice growth will be achieved through the application of newly developed MBE apparatus. |
| VEGA TECHNOLOGY & SYSTEMS, INC.
7980 Kingsbury Drive Hanover Park, IL 60133 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 855-5068
Mr. Vincent Y. Chow MDA 06-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multiband Infrared (IR) Seeker |
| Abstract: | We propose a large format collinear MWIR/LWIR 2-color HgCdTe IR Focal Plane Array with multiband enhancement capabilities that can be integrated into a kill vehicle interceptor to perform rudimentary signal pre-processing and cell memory functions thereby elevating seeker abilities to acquire, track, and discriminate enemy targets. This proposed approach, supported by the MKV Program (Lockheed Martin and BAE Systems), is based on a novel differential dual pixel design which consists of using pairs of adjacent pixels each connected in an inverted, parallel configuration. With this invention, common mode rejection of incident radiation, chopper stabilized noise rejection, and differential color signature processing can be performed directly on the focal plane. The inherent balance in this differential pixel design is expected to maintain target lock even during sudden background "sky" inversion events created by interceptor flash or nuclear "red-out". Noise mitigation is achieved by the unique ability of this structure to code input optical signals with a polarity modulation pattern that permits signals to be recovered after HgCdTe detection with greater than 15dB of signal-to-noise improvement. This noise mitigation feature can permit the development of a new generation of low cost, high performance (large D*) smart IR focal plane arrays well matched to the requirements of THAAD and multiple kill vehicle (MKV) programs. |
| ARKANSAS POWER ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
535 W. Research Center Blvd., Suite 209 Fayetteville, AR 72701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(479) 443-5759
Dr. Roberto Schupbach MDA 06-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Temper |