AF - 357 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

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357 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard Blvd, SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 432-6560 Dr. Matthew Whiteley AF 07-002 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Aero-Optics Beacon
Abstract:	MZA proposes development and evaluation of optimal estimation methods for beacon measurement supporting adaptive optics compensation of aero-optics and free-stream turbulence. The proposed method takes into account the modal covariance properties of near-field and far-field beacon sources and their relation to the phase required for HEL correction. Optimal estimation can be adapted to several available options for beacon placement. The proposed methods will be validated through wave-optics simulation using aero-optics and free-stream turbulence with the appropriate beacon sources. To quantify the underlying statistics of the aero-optical disturbances for which there is no theoretical construct, we propose laboratory wavefront sensor measurements of aero-optical flow capitalizing on the expertise of our partner, Notre Dame. We will also perform laboratory characterizations of air-breakdown "laser sparks" from a short-wavelength laser. These measurements will demonstrate the feasibility of forming such a beacon in a follow-on phase of the program and will provide design information to assess our hardware concept. We will develop a preliminary design for a meaningful Phase II laboratory demonstration of the concept advanced in Phase I. This plan will address implementation issues related to beacon formation and beacon measurement supporting application of the optimal estimation methods.

PASSAT, INC. 720 N. Hammonds Ferry Road Linthicum Heights, MD 21090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 609-2006 Dr. Guerman Pasmanik AF 07-002 Awarded: 14MAR07
Title:	A Self-Focusing Rayleigh Beacon for the Compensation of Aero-Optic Turbulence in Airborne High Energy Laser Systems
Abstract:	The performance of Rayleigh beacons can be substantially improved by using a laser pulse with a peak power close to the critical energy for self-focusing. The self-focusing pulse provides a beacon spot smaller than that can be obtained using diffraction limited optics and provides a more coherent return wave front at the primary telescope. Picosecond lasers are the ideal light source for such a self-focusing beacon. This proposal describes a high-speed, self-focusing beacon system based on a rugged, compact, all-solid state picosecond laser combined with a photodiode-based, high-speed Hartmann-Shack sensor.

GRASSMERE DYNAMICS 774 Bob Stiles Road Gurley, AL 35748
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 776-7471 Mr. Rodney L Clark AF 07-003 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Advanced Analog Micro-lens Technology
Abstract:	This proposal will demonstrate the feasibility of producing diffraction-limited anamorphic microlens arrays for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors used on very large aperture astronomical telescopes with multiple off-axis laser guide stars. A high-quality lenslet arrays will be fabricated with gray scale mask lithography and reactive chemical etching. Four advanced gray scale photolithographic mask technologies will be evaluated. Two will be selected for gray scale mask fabrication. A selection between the two masks will be made from the quality of the lenslets they produce in photoresist. The best performing photoresist lenslets will be reactive ion etching at our teaming partner's facility, MEMS Optical, Inc. to produce finished micro-lens array.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. Justin D. Mansell AF 07-003 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Advanced Micro Optics Technology
Abstract:	We propose to demonstrate two different novel process techniques for creating custom micro-optics.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard Blvd, SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Mr. Stephen C. Coy AF 07-004 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Design, Analysis, and Optimization Environment for Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	We propose to develop a comprehensive model-based system engineering environment designed to support the design, development and optimization of directed energy systems, including both high powered microwave (HPM) and high energy laser (HEL) systems. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this environment by showing how it could be applied in the design, development, and optimization of a DE system to be carried aboard a representative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), with the capability to develop and evaluate both HPM and HEL-based system designs within the same framework. The proposed environment would be designed to support all phases of the design and development process, from the first "what-if" games all the way through concept evaluation, design, implementation, incremental integration, and testing. It would provide powerful integrated facilities for automated system level design optimization based on user-defined requirements, priorities, and constraints. Our ultimate objective is to provide to the DE R&D community a model-based system engineering platform on par with the kinds of virtual engineering environments which have already revolutionized the automotive and aircraft industries.

P.C. KRAUSE & ASSOC., INC. 3016 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 464-8997 Dr. Eric Walters AF 07-004 Awarded: 14MAR07
Title:	Design, Analysis, and Optimization Environment for Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	The primary objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate proof of concept for a directed energy system analysis and design environment. This analysis and design environment will be based upon Distributed Heterogeneous Simulation (DHS) technology. DHS allows the interconnection of models developed in different simulation languages running on different computing platforms to form an integrated system simulation. The Phase I effort will focus on incorporating high-power microwave device models into a simulation of the electric power system of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The simulation will be used to evaluate the steady-state and transient system performance as well as to carry out system/component design studies. PCKA will collaborate with Lockheed Martin and the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory to obtain component models and to ensure the effort is directed toward specific Air Force needs.

VOSS SCIENTIFIC, LLC 418 Washington St., S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 255-4201 Dr. Clifton Courtney AF 07-004 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	Development of a Modeling and Simulation Framework for Complete Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	To support the Air Force need for a high power microwave (HPM) / high energy laser (HEL) simulation environment, we propose to develop a framework that is based on our existing HPM modeling framework, Mockingbird. Framework development will continue along Mockingbird's original design path, to include support for HPM / HEL system simulation and optimization. The flexible framework will support component models created in a variety of popular simulation applications, by supplying the necessary communication, translation, and synchronization structures required to simulate and optimize a complete system built from those components. Architectural elements to allow distributed computation and communication with other applications throughout the modeling and simulation pyramid will also be examined. All areas of the framework architecture will be developed and specified, including component model interface layers, system simulation and optimization, user interfaces, data display and archival, external application interfaces, and documentation support. A prototype version of Mockingbird will be used to build a system from component models generated by multiple simulation applications. The application's simulation and optimization capabilities will then be applied to that system. Mockingbird prototype software will be delivered to the customer at the conclusion of the Phase I effort.

ACULIGHT CORP. 22121 20th Avenue SE Bothell, WA 98021
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Dr. Fabio Di Teodoro AF 07-005 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Fiber-based, high peak power mid-infrared source
Abstract:	We propose the development of a transportable, highly flexible, fiber-based high-peak-power optical source capable of operating at mid-infrared wavelengths.

POLARONYX, INC. 470 Lakeside Drive, Suite F Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 245-9588 Dr. Jian Liu AF 07-005 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	A compact all fiber-based fs-TW laser system
Abstract:	Based on our success in developing the world first commercial 100 micro Joule <200 fs fiber laser system and our leading technology development in ultrashort pulsed fiber laser, PolarOnyx proposes, for the first time, a fs-TW high energy/power (>25 mJ and >1000 W) fiber laser system to meet with the requirement of the solicitation AF071-005. It is a specialty fiber based MOPA incorporating our proprietary technology of pulse shaping, spectral shaping and polarization shaping. These will make the fiber laser transmitter system superior in terms of wall plug efficiency (over 10%), power (>1000 W), pulse width (< 200 fs), size, and cost. A tabletop experiment of 1 mJ energy will be demonstrated in Phase I time frame for proof of the concept. A demonstration of >25 mJ will be given in Phase II.

Q PEAK, INC. 135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9535 Dr. Evgueni Slobodtchikov AF 07-005 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Cr:ZnSe Ultrafast, High-Power, Mid-IR Source
Abstract:	Q-Peak proposes to develop a ~100-fs pulse, high-peak-power source based on the combination of an efficient fiber-laser-pumped, Cr:ZnSe master oscillator and a power amplifier. The high-peak-power, femtosecond output pulses at 2.5 microns will be used to pump an optical parametric generator that will convert 2.5-micron radiation into tunable mid-IR between 3 to 5 microns. The technology approach parallels that of Ti:sapphire-laser-based ultrafast systems, but involves operation at mid-IR wavelengths.

AGILOPTICS 1717 Louisiana, NE Suite 202 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 268-4742 Dennis Mansell AF 07-006 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Low-Cost Compact Adaptive Optics Systems
Abstract:	We propose to develop, build and commercialize a compact, low cost adaptive optics system based around existing membrane mirror technology and commercially available curvature sensors

ENIG ASSOC., INC. 12501 Prosperity Drive, Suite 340 Silver Spring, MD 20904
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 680-8600 Dr. Harold L. Rappaport AF 07-007 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Multiphysics Modeling of High Voltage Explosive Flux Compression Generators
Abstract:	A program to investigate flux compression generator internal voltage intolerance is proposed. This study will coordinate flux compression generator simulations with gas breakdown theory and simulations. The goal of this work is to show that careful modeling of this system can reproduce the experimentally observed voltage intolerance and then propose and demonstrate remedial actions that can be taken to improve it. Flux compression generator numerical modeling tools will provide time-domain evolution of electric fields, magnetic fields, and current densities. Gas breakdown modeling will show if stray conducting paths through the gas are present for specified gas pressure. The effect of these stray paths on FCG operation will also be modeled. Several hypotheses are advanced in this proposal to explain why FCG voltage tolerance is poor. Both axial and end initiated FCG simulations are given. The theory of breakdown of magnetized electronegative gases is described. Two-dimensional gas breakdown simulation results are also presented. Additionally, it is proposed that a comprehensive flux compression generator (FCG) code development project based on commercially available Multiphysics code package be used to investigate the causes of high voltage intolerance of FCGs and to improve the high voltage performance of FCG.

THE CARE'N LLC 12137 Midway Drive Tracy, CA 95377
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 749-0241 Dr. Jay Benton Chase AF 07-007 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	High Voltage Explosive Flux Compression Generators
Abstract:	Helical magnetic flux compression generators have been used for five decades to amplify electrical energy and current from high explosives. Although they can now be modeled quite accurately, there are practical limitations, based on internal electrical breakdown, that limit both their compactness and ability to operate at high output voltages. The Care'n LLC proposes to overcome this limitation through careful application of 3D electrostatic and inductive electric field calculations based on magnetic and electric vector potentials. Furthermore, we will assess the heretofore unaddressed issue of MHD field generation due to the motion of insulating gas through the magnetic field. The results of these studies will be incorporated into the FCG modeling code, CAGEN, which already accurately calculates the performance of helical FCGs, without any empirical factors, in the absence of electrical breakdown. The code will then be used to explore optimization strategies that take into account, explicitly, electrical breakdown thresholds.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. Donald Washburn AF 07-008 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Tactical HEL Weapon Alignment System Architecture Options and Trade Offs
Abstract:	This SBIR will create a tactical beam control architecture that minimizes mirror count and complexity for a High Power Tactical Laser System with a 30 cm aperture. In particular we will: 1) generate and evaluate component concepts that form the building blocks for the architecture; 2) generate a preliminary tactical architecture and define the required technology developments; 3) generate a detailed analysis and simulation plan for evaluating and optimizing the architectures; 4) generate risk reduction suggestions based on the architecture.

OPTICAL PHYSICS CO. 26610 Agoura Road, Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 880-2907 Dr. Richard A. Hutchin AF 07-008 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Low Mirror Count Tactical HEL Beam Control Architecture
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project will investigate a novel optical control high energy laser (HEL) beam control architecture that has only six high power components between the HEL module and the target. The beamline is considerably simpler, smaller and lighter than what is possible with current architectures. Furthermore, almost every component performs multiple functions, dramatically reducing the part count. There is only one Deformable Mirror (DM), one Coarse Steering Mirror (CSM), and one Fast Steering Mirror (FSM), which all can be integrated into the beam director. Phase I work involves a thorough trade study of candidate HEL architectures, followed by identification of key component technologies required for the selected architecture. Then, the analyses and simulations as well as risk reduction efforts necessary to demonstrate functionality and validate performance will be defined. These procedures will lead to a Phase II prototype design that addresses the broad spectrum of issues that are pertinent in HEL architecture development. Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST) of El Segundo, California has provided a support letter. Provided that the Phase I effort demonstrates success, intends to be our subcontractor during the Phase II effort.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St. , Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Mr. Gregory Moss AF 07-009 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Improved Electromagnetic PIC Particle Current Weighting Near Conformal Boundaries
Abstract:	The proposed work addresses the need for a comprehensive particle simulation software package which provides advanced geometry meshing techniques to reduce inaccuracies encountered using standard orthogonal Cartesian FDTD grids. Currently there exists a void in commercial PIC software. Government and private researchers of plasma and particle physics find themselves spending many man-hours developing complex computational codes and algorithms to fit their specific needs. The goal of the proposed work is to provide plasma and particle physicists with a comprehensive software package which will provide a full range of numerical solutions with an easy to use graphical user interface and powerful visualization capabilities. The computational approach will be based on the kinetic description of plasmas and use particle simulation techniques such as PIC and Monte Carlo methods. These particle simulation algorithms will be implemented alongside Remcom Inc.'s current full-wave three-dimensional FDTD solver, XFDTD. XFDTD includes advanced CAD modeling and import, accelerated meshing routines, adaptive meshing capabilities, conducting, UPML and periodic boundary conditions, and thorough result visualization. These existing capabilities will provide a strong foundation for the inclusion of the aforementioned particle simulation methods and allow for a quick evaluation of newly developed FDTD/PIC grids.

WAVE COMPUTATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1800 Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway, Suite 204 Durham, NC 27707
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 419-1500 Dr. Tian Xiao AF 07-009 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	A New Hybrid Method for High-Order EM-PIC Simulations
Abstract:	We propose to prototype and test a new 3-D hybrid technique that combines two efficient algorithms, (a) the discontinuous Galerkin pseudospectral time-domain (DG-PSTD) method and (b) the boundary conformal finite-difference time-domain (BC-FDTD) method, as a high-order solver for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) simulations. This hybrid technique overcomes the well-known limitation of existing EM-PIC solvers due to their stair-stepping approximation. The proposed hybrid method uses domain decomposion to divide the problem into DG-PSTD regions with coarse structures and BC-FDTD regions with fine structures. As the DG-PSTD method has spectral accuracy and the BC-FDTD method has second-order accuracy, the overall convergence of this EM-PIC solver is better than second order. The team has already developed the most relevant techniques for the pure electromagnetics problem in an existing commercial prototype, Wavenology EM Pack, and has worked on plasma simulations. The proposed 3-D hybrid numerical EM-PIC solver will be integrated into this commercial prototype. It promises to effectively mitigate spurious effects caused by the stair-stepping approximation in the EM-PIC simulation.

G A TYLER ASSOC., INC. 1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 772-7668 Dr. Terry J. Brennan AF 07-010 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	The computational burden of simulating incoherent imaging of large extended objects, through high turbulence, using conventional wave optics simulation techniques is very significant. This simulation capability is crucial for evaluating performance of such systems as the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). Several innovative approaches to this problem, that will significantly reduce the computational requirements, are proposed. These approaches are based on rigorous analysis of the imaging problem with certain simplifying assumptions. The applicability of these techniques will be thoroughly evaluated with wave optics codes. A previous technique developed by tOSC, based on fast generation of point spread functions by interpolation through Rytov phase screens, has demonstrated a speed improvement of 25 over conventual techniques. These new concepts will reduce the computational time by another factor of 10.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. R. Russell Butts AF 07-010 Awarded: 12MAR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	Some of the analysis and computer simulation tools used to evaluate directed energy target tracking systems must have the capability to generate realistic simulated target and background imagery. The images are often degraded by atmospheric turbulence or other phenomena. For many wave optics simulations, the calculations required to effect the transformation from the target reflectance to the distorted and blurred image as seen by the track sensor dominate the simulation run time. MZA proposes to evaluate three different techniques that hold promise for speeding up generation of synthetic target and background scenes. The first will use an analytic model developed for another project that can rapidly generate the required images. The model needs to be better characterized and optimized. The second will evaluate replacing the interpolation done in the MZA lighttunnel algorithm with optimal estimates to reduce the total number of wave optics propagations required. The third technique, cross section averaging, will pre-compute the tilts introduced by each turbulence screen in a wave optics simulation. This approach may offer dramatic improvements in computational efficiency. The evaluations will rely heavily on the MZA WaveTrain wave optics computer simulation.

TAU TECHNOLOGIES LLC 1601 Randolph Rd SE, Ste 110 S Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 244-1222 Mr. Aaron Birenboim AF 07-010 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	We will prototype a fast-running, accurate pristine scene generation capability that combines the accuracy of modern infra-red (IR) signature generation with advanced bidirectional reflectivity distribution function (BRDF) models. The generated scenes will consist of wide-band passive, laser-band (active) and range maps, to support a full suite of electro-optical sensors including coherent imaging laser radar. This will be coupled with a fast-running, accurate propagation methods to predict the beam irradiance at the target, the active return image and the passive return image, all consistent with modern turbulence and atmospheric propagation theory. These methods must preserve the artifacts that degrade both the beam at the target and the returned imagery. To test the developed methods, we will demonstrate atmospherically degraded synthetic scenes using a relevant example such as an Airborne Tactical Laser (ATL) test at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). These scenes will be directly applicable to the development and testing of active tracking and aimpoint maintenance algorithms.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jack Salerno AF 07-011 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Moderate Power Mid-Infrared and Infrared Fiber Lasers
Abstract:	Agiltron proposes to develop a mid-IR fiber laser having inherently attractive features of high efficiency, high power, good beam quality, single-piece robust construction without the need for optical alignment, large surface to volume ratio for efficient thermal management, lightweight, and compact footprint. The design is closely coupled with our unique expertise in low loss mid-IR chalcogenide fiber fabrication and IR photonics. The approach overcomes the difficulties associated with in-fiber cavity mirror fabrication and relatively low optical power threshold in mid-IR fibers, representing a practical opportunity to realize a new type of rare-earth doped mid-IR fiber laser. The proposed laser adopts recent developments of high performance cladding-pumped fiber geometry and loop based in-fiber mirrors. In Phase I, we will fabricate a proof of concept breadboard fiber laser emitting three wavelengths in the 3 - 5 micron band. Full system demonstration will be realized in the Phase II Program.

IRFLEX CORP. 12019 Heather Down Dr. Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(418) 655-4228 Dr. Francois Chenard AF 07-011 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Novel Fiber Laser for direct lasing in the Mid-Infrared
Abstract:	The current DIRCM laser solutions in the mid-infrared (3-5 micron) suffer limitations and disadvantages such as excessive size and weight, long initial cool-down time (cryogenic temperatures), short operating time, limited duty cycle, complex packaging, low wall plug efficiency, poor beam quality and limited output power. These limitations and disadvantages make it difficult to utilize these lasers on space-limited combat aircraft. IRFlex proposes an innovative solution to this problem that leverages recent advances in mid-infrared fiber technology. The proposed work will demonstrate lab operation of an innovative new fiber laser doped with rare-earth for direct lasing in the mid-infrared. This new fiber laser approach enables the development of next-generation DIRCM lasers with the required power (multi-Watt class), compactness, lightweight, electrical efficiency, room temperature operation, good beam quality and robustness required for future DIRCM systems.

COHERENT APPLICATIONS, INC. 7 Sandpiper Ct. Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 850-3508 Mr. Diego F. Pierrottet AF 07-012 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Laser Remote Sensing for HEL Damage Assessment
Abstract:	CAI proposes to develop an innovative approach to advance algorithms and system technology for rapid and robust assessment of damage produced by high energy laser weapon systems. Using high speed coherent detection laser radar, a combination of measurement techniques are tied together to produce an efficient sensor for long range damage assessment.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Plac Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz AF 07-012 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Real-time Holographic-Optical-Element-Based Damage Assessment for HEL Weapon Systems
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for rapid, robust, remote real-time damage assessment for HEL weapon systems, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a Holographic-Optical-Element-Based Damage Assessment (HOEDA) system. The proposed HOEDA fuses data from three laser remote-sensing technologies: laser remote polarimetry, vibrometry, and spectroscopy. The innovative multifunctional HOE-based beam divider will enable the HOEDA to assess the structural and surface damage of the target by measuring the damage-induced changes in polarimetric, Doppler shift, and spectral properties of the collected optical signal from the target. This system offers: 1) rapid, accurate, comprehensive, and robust real-time damage assessment through sensor and data fusion of three laser remote-sensing technologies; 2) compactness and lightweight due to the use of HOE; 3) reliability because of the few moving parts and packaging design; and 4) compatibility with the existing HEL platform. In Phase I POC will analyze the HOEDA system design by computer modeling, fabricate a laboratory prototype, and conduct mock-up experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of HOEDA. In Phase II, an advanced HOEDA engineering prototype will be assembled and tested both at POC and at an Air Force facility.

OASYS TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 25 Sundial Ave., Suite 404 Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 232-8221 Mr. John Hall AF 07-019 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Untethered Helmet-Mounted Display for Night Vision Goggle Training Systems
Abstract:	This SBIR program requires the development of a novel, wireless head-mounted video system which can functionally replace the current night vision goggle simulation headset. OASYS Technology, LLC. will apply expertise in optical and display system design coupled with Pinpoint Solutions, Inc. expertise in wireless video electronics to create a fully compliant 1280x1024 pixel binocular HMD with 40 degree field of view and a battery powered 60 Hz framerate wireless video link in a headset which emulates the look and feel of the AN/AVS-9 night vision goggle.

APPAREO SYSTEMS LLC 1805 NDSU Research Park Drive Fargo, ND 58102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(701) 356-2200 Mr. Barry D. Batcheller, PE AF 07-020 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Head orientation sensing system
Abstract:	Appareo Systems, LLC, proposes to develop a functional prototype head-mounted position and orientation system (HPOS). The HPOS will be capable of operating in electromagnetic fields of up to 200 volts/meter and will provide at least one degree of accuracy and at least one degree of resolution at a 60 Hz update rate while providing 3 degree of freedom (DOF) information on head orientation, including azimuth from 0 to 360 degrees, elevation from +90 to -90 degrees, and roll orientation from +180 to -180 degrees. The completed HPOS system will include the development of a degradation-resistant GPS solution, which is seen as the key to the success of this project. Techniques including the use of ultra-short baselines and multiple GPS receivers and antennas will be explored to create the GPS reliability needed. Aided, non-GPS solutions simply cannot stand up in the variety of environments in which the HPOS must be deployed. It is believed that a GPS-dependent solution, although not without its own weaknesses, can be successfully implemented using the approach defined herein.

ARCHANGEL SYSTEMS, INC. 1635 Pumphrey Ave. Auburn, AL 36832
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(334) 826-8008 Mr. William Dillard AF 07-020 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Head Alignment and Orientation (HALO) System
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a low cost head tracking system to monitor the orientations of an individual's head. This head tracker can be incorporated with a 3-D audio system that will provide cues to operators for increasing situational awareness. This proposed system will be based on Archangel's Inertial Measurement Unit `IM3'. The Head Alignment and Orientation (HALO) system will use QFLASP (Quaternion Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Signal Processing) to compute roll, pitch and yaw angles. This IMU based system will have the option to use a magnetic sensor and/or GPS to compute the head orientation accurately. The `Smart Fuzzy Corrector' in QFLASP can reject the inconsistent GPS or magnetic data and use appropriate proprietary filtering algorithms to compute solutions based on quality of the data.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Anna Galea AF 07-020 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Head orientation sensing system
Abstract:	Hearing protection has advanced to the point where headphones can reliably filter out more than 130 dB of background noise. Coupled with miniature speakers, flight deck personnel can be fed radio transmissions and safe levels of background sound, which allows them to still "hear" dangers such as nearby aircraft. However without knowing the orientation of the personnel's head, directionality is lost, reducing the effectiveness of this feedback in keeping our personnel safe. Our unique biomimetic sensor provides a lightweight, low-power system for accurately tracking head orientation. The immediate application will be to flight deck personnel and other military personnel in a dynamic high-noise environment so that incoming auditory cues can be restored, enhancing personnel safety. Our system is low power and light weight, allowing for easy integration with head mounted hardware. The system provides information in multiple degrees of freedom and is capable of operating in a strong electromagnetic environment. Our team of biomedical and electronic engineers will partner with our academic partner Dr. Jennie Gallimore to prove the feasibility of our approach in a Phase I prototype. Our team is committed to creating a pre-production version of our product ready for immediate deployment in selected applications in Phase II.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5278 Dr. Wei Chen AF 07-021 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	An Innovative Agent-Based Distributed Framework for Measuring and Tracking Team Performance in Collaborative Environments
Abstract:	Training and testing of Air Force distributed mission operations (DMO) post significant challenges on team work and distributed decision making; furthermore, assessing and tracking collaborative team performance in a simple, effective and autonomous way both routinely and in real time is key for trainees to successfully carry out complicated mission tasks and for external observers to keep track of the performance of both individual team participants and the team as a whole by integrating monitoring, feedbacks and situational awareness across all types of mission parameters and observables. A successful performance evaluation system would extend prior arts and practices from multi-agent system collaborations and team performance measurements. Particularly, our proposed distributed team performance assessment and tracking framework will employ the following key areas: knowledge and environment representation, intelligent agent framework and reasoning processes for collaborative environments, human team performance in a distributed training context, and the potential integration of the proposed framework with existing training systems to assist training and testing for mission task operations by providing previously hard to observe, yet vital dynamic information based on a highly expressive representation. Our innovation is an agent-based distributed framework for assessing and tracking team performance in collaborative environments.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Dr. Sowmya Ramachandran AF 07-021 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Intelligent, Automated Performance Assessment and Diagnosis for Team Training
Abstract:	As the Air Force has moved increasingly towards distributed networked environment for C2ISR missions, teams often operate remotely, and decision-making is distributed. Traditionally team training involved human observers for performance assessment, diagnosis, and after-action review and other training intervention. However, with much of the communication and coordination happening electronically, key aspects of the interactions between team members are no longer accessible to these trainers. Analyzing these communications involves poring over high volumes of raw electronic data. This is infeasible in all but the smallest of scales of operation. We propose to develop an intelligent performance assessment tool to assist trainers by warehousing and analyzing team interaction data and presenting it to them in a user-friendly manner for real time coaching and after-action review. The tool will perform automatic event detection and causal explanation generation. Speech recognition, natural language processing, and plan recognition techniques will be used to analyze to generate diagnostic explanation of events. This information will be sent to desktop, laptop or handheld clients as alerts. A visual tool will facilitate the rapid construction of debriefing. Phase I will result in a limited proof-of-concept prototype that will absolutely illustrate the feasibility and the benefits of this approach.

OPTICAL PHYSICS CO. 26610 Agoura Road, Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 880-2907 Dr. Richard A Hutchin AF 07-022 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Rugged Eye Tracker for the Fighter Jet Pilot
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project will investigate the utility of a proprietary rugged eye tracker design developed at Optical Physics Company (OPC) for the fighter jet pilot. Aggressive maneuvers of the jet result in both buffeting as well as substantial G loading. The OPC eye tracker remains immune to shaking because it uses the reflection from the cornea and thus continues to operate when most standard commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) eye trackers that track reflections from inside the eye and through the pupil fail. High G loading effects are reduced by using a single illuminator and dual sensor geometry, Expected total weight of the eye tracker is less than 10 grams, with total volume smaller than 1 cubic inches. The bandwidth of 100-200 Hz can easily be accomplished. Boeing Phantom Works has agreed to be the subcontractor during the Phase I effort. The OPC team will analyze and experimentally anchor the performance of the eye tracker while Boeing provides assistance in specifying the Phase II prototype and planning for Phase II laboratory and field tests.

ATA ENGINEERING, INC. 11995 El Camino Real, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 480-2065 Mr. Paul Blelloch AF 07-023 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Near-field acoustic holography system
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the development of a practical 3-dimensional near-field acoustic holography system which is capable of measuring and describing the acoustic source characteristics of jet plumes from full-scale high performance military jet engines. This Phase I SBIR has two parts. The first part involves the development of a detailed design specification for a system which can address all of the concerns identified in the solicitation. This design specification will include a thorough review of the current state-of-the-art technology and identification of the current limitations of each method in the context of the desired system performance parameters. The second part involves the design of a system, at a conceptual level, that can meet the design specification. Risks associated with each component will be identified and risk reduction plans will be defined. Development and exercising of prototype signal processing algorithms and other data analysis tools which can meet the design requirements will be the focus of much of this effort.

BLUE RIDGE RESEARCH & CONSULTING 13 1/2 W. Walnut Street Asheville, NC 28715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(828) 252-2209 Dr. Micah Downing AF 07-023 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Development of a Near-field Acoustical Holography System for Aircraft Jet Source Noise Measurements
Abstract:	The current and next generation military jet aircraft are exposing both ground maintenance personnel and the community to high levels of noise. The DoD is funding research to develop advanced modeling tools for community noise exposure and for noise reduction techniques. As these tools are being developed to address to the overall military jet noise problem, the lack of understanding of the actual jet noise source has been identified as a limiting factor. For these tools to achieve their full potential in addressing the noise problem, innovative measurement and analysis methods are necessary to characterize and map the noise source region in the jet. Near-field acoustic holography (NAH) offers the best general method to measuring the magnitude, directivity, and spectral content as well as the spatial distribution of the noise emitted from a jet. The objective of this proposed effort will be to develop a portable NAH system that can characterize jet noise emissions. To develop the most efficient measurement system, several NAH approaches will be tested using risk reduction laboratory testing and evaluation procedures. These evaluations will determine the NAH approaches that meet the high fidelity data requirements outlined in the SOW while providing practical field system.

SENSOUND, LLC 221 Lewiston Road Grosse Pointe Farms, MI 48236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(313) 410-0751 Mr. Manmohan Moondra AF 07-023 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Portable Acoustical Holograph System For Visualizing Jet Plumes
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I Project will examine the feasibility of commercializing an innovative technology, known as the Helmholtz Equation Least Square (HELS) based Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH), to visualize the acoustic characteristics of jet plumes from high performance military fighter engines and those from high bypass commercial transport engines. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide engineers with a robust and portable acoustical holography tool to obtain the 3D image and characteristics of the acoustic field produced by full-scale jet engine. Users of this tool will acquire in-depth understanding of jet noise that cannot be obtained by conventional measurements and analyses technologies. Specifically, engineers will be able to overlay 3D images of a sound field produced by a jet engine on top of a jet plume. By slicing a 3D sound field from various angles and viewing it from different perspectives together with a 3D velocity field produced by a jet engine, engineers will be able to correlate jet noise to jet stream. In particular, engineers will be able to identify the sound source frequency dependent spatial distribution, examine the time varying acoustic shock structure in a plume, and quantify the major acoustic radiation angles and strength. The insight and knowledge gained will allow engineers to devise most cost-effective ways to reduce jet noise. The improved designs will lead to a quieter jet engine that can have a significant military advantage and benefit the public in general.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th Street, Suite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 348-4426 Dr. Michael P. Browne AF 07-024 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Helmet Mounted Display for Joint Strike Fighter Training Simulator
Abstract:	The M2DART provides a portable simulator system that can be deployed for a variety of training tasks and at numerous locations around the globe. Although its uncollimated, tiled displays allow for a small footprint, the viewing distance is both close (nominally 36") and varies significantly as a user moves their head from tile to tile. This difference between HMD focus and vergence and the varying distance to the simulator screen can cause human factors issues. These issues can manifest themselves as blurry imagery, doubled imagery or more latent effects such as workload reduction and eyestrain which will not be the same as for the real world, since most of a pilot's real world is at or near optical infinity. Our goal under this program is to test for potential problems with a representative see-through binocular HMD that does not involve using flight hardware. We will use the results of these tests to identify changes to be made to the simulator HMD to mitigate any potential issues. Our extensive experience in the design and development of HMDs, coupled with our experience in performing human factors testing will ensure that we provide the Air Force with an acceptable solution.

ADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1046 New Holland Avenue Lancaster, PA 17601
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 295-6073 Dr. Chanwoo Park AF 07-025 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Fast Response Fabric Test Setup and Dynamic Fabric Model for BURNSIM
Abstract:	Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) will develop a Fast Response Fabric Test Setup using hot gas impingement conditions by the jet engine exhaust from the Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircrafts during the Phase I of the proposed SBIR programs. The fabric testing will measure the thermal response and properties of various clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) fabrics. ACT will also develop a Dynamic Fabric Model for transient heat transfer analysis of the fabrics under the jet impingement conditions and validate the model using the fabric thermal test results. During the follow-on Phase II program, ACT will upgrade the fabric test setup of the Phase I to handle the various heating modes of conduction, convection (for permeable or impermeable surface) and radiation and to provide the appropriate factors for designing various components of the aircraft maintainer ensemble. Comprehensive testing will be conducted to build a model library of the thermal properties of various clothing and PPE items that can be used with the BURN SIMulation (BURNSIM) model to evaluate and design protection alternatives. ACT will also develop a fully-validated dynamic fabric submodel to provide the transient heat flux inputs to the BURNSIM model for burn hazard assessment.

COMBUSTION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, INC. 8940 Old Annapolis Road Suite L Columbia, MD 21045
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 884-3266 Dr. Richard J. Roby AF 07-025 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Apparatus and Method to measure thermal insulation factors for use with BURNSIM
Abstract:	New aircraft such as the STOVL present a different thermal risk to personnel then traditional aircraft designs. Personnel operating within the thermal risk areas of these aircrafts wear personal protective equipment (PPE), but current PPE provide insufficient protection against the thermal hazards presented by these aircrafts. Currently, programs such as BURNSIM are used to estimate the hazard present to maintainers, but the BURNSIM program contains the heat transfer characteristics for a limited number of clothing types. Additionally, there is no standardized test method to define the dynamic heat transfer characteristics for the many types of PPE that may be available to protect aircraft maintainers. CSE proposes to develop a methodology and apparatus to characterize the heat transfer characteristics of PPE, especially those used by aircraft maintainers. The apparatus will be able to reproduce the high heat fluxes, both convective and radiative, that maintainers may encounter. The apparatus will also replicate some of the human factors that effect PPE performance - moisture from outside sources, moisture from perspiration and fabric compression. A methodology will be developed to interpret the measured performance of the PPE material, using software such as BURNSIM and other literature sources to assess the protective capabilities of the PPE.

THERMOANALYTICS, INC. 23440 Airpark Blvd, P.O. Box 66 Calumet, MI 49913
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(906) 482-9560 Dr. Allen Curran AF 07-025 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Apparatus and Method to measure thermal insulation factors for use with BURNSIM
Abstract:	The characterization and measurement of heat transfer through personal protective equipment is important for mitigating the risk to fire fighters, air crew support teams and other personnel working in close proximity to jet exhausts or post crash fires. The main objective of this proposal is to develop a test apparatus capable of measuring thermal insulation values for and heat fluxes through this type of (multi-layer) clothing. The thermal and flow regimes of interest are typified by gas streams with velocities ranging from near zero to 32 meter/s and temperatures up to 100 C. The test scenario envisioned is a hot jet impinging upon a clothing test sample in the direction normal to the sample surface. The primary application of the apparatus and test methodology would be to provide inputs to the BURNSIM computer code. This code, originally developed at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), is capable of predicting both the time to pain and burn depth expected when either bare or clothed skin is subjected to a time varying heat flux. A second objective of the proposed research is to build upon and extend the existing clothing model in BURNSIM to be applicable to (highly) transient thermal environments.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5260 Dr. Jacqueline Haynes AF 07-026 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Integrated Aiding and Training
Abstract:	Organizations that use a common knowledge base for aiding and training benefit in that (a) one knowledge base is easier to develop (b) updates are more timely, as both training and aiding require only one update, and (c) how aiding and training support complex performance can be clearly specified by the transformations used for aiding and training. Further benefits accrue when experts directly express their knowledge into the common knowledge base: the knowledge is current, and incorporates current job-relevant factors, such as available job aids and training. The primary difficulty in creating a system in which experts enter knowledge directly into a knowledge base used to present aiding and training is that the grain size of units created by experts and later required by automatic transforms differ: experts will naturally express their knowledge in relatively large grain sizes, and automatic transforms require small grain sizes. We will conduct research to try to find a middle grain size with which experts can express their knowledge and automatic transforms can use to create aiding and training. Once studies determine the best grain size, software that supports expert input and required transforms will be designed and developed.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni AF 07-026 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	GATST: A Generalizable Aiding-Training System for Human Performance and Productivity Enhancement
Abstract:	While aiding and training systems developed over the last few decade have created a heightened awareness of the complementary nature of aiding and training, there has been little done to bring aiding and training together within a common rubric with shared reusable, repurposable content. In light of this recognition, the goal of this effort is to develop a generalizable, integrated aiding and training system. Phase I of this effort is concerned with providing evidence of the feasibility of an integrated aiding-training system "shell" in the context of selected domains of interest.

CREW TRAINING INTERNATIONAL, INC. 9198 Crestwyn Hills Dr Memphis, TN 38125
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 240-0827 Mr. Gregg Montijo AF 07-027 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Real Time Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) Training
Abstract:	Identification of the key human factor skill set involved in Situational Awareness, Task Management and Decision Making for focused alternative training. Alternative training that focuses on the practice and improvement those key human factor skills. CTI has received the commitment of three groups to conduct this investigation. The UAV squadron located at Creech AFB, the A-10 squadron located at Davis-Monthan and the F15C squadron located Kinsley Field.

OASYS TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 25 Sundial Ave., Suite 404 Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 232-8221 Mr. Michael Couture AF 07-028 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CSAR-X Digital Visionic System
Abstract:	This proposal outlines a technical approach for a goggle system that utilizes a SWIR and LWIR imagers to present operators with fused imagery of the two spectral bands in a man portable, head mountable goggle system. Furthermore, as part of this research key avionics information will also be presented to the operators in the eyepiece of the goggle system.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography Division, 20600 Gram Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Iouri Kompaniets AF 07-028 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Tri-Spectral Image-Fused Binocular Night Goggles
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for an innovative digital visionic system (DVS) to aid and improve combat search and rescue operations primarily at night on the ground and for open-door helicopter operations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop new tri-spectral image-fused binocular night goggles (TSIF-BNVG). TSIF-BNVG fuses images from an image intensifier tube with a CCD (near-infrared 625-930 nm), an InGaAs PIN FPA (short-wave infrared, 1.1-2.5 microns), and a microbolometer (long-wave infrared, 8-14 microns) delivered by a see-through near-eye holographic visor projection system. It is a lightweight, waterproof device with a low profile and compact form factor, with a total mass of ~1.5-2 lb. (<1 kg). The TSIF-BNVG design is based on a flexible optimal spectral image fusion algorithm that picks the best sensors for a given tactical situation and atmospheric conditions, and combines them into fused false colored imagery. The TSIF-BNVG innovations will improve search and rescue operations by increasing target detection/identification probability and shortening search times. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of TSIF-BNVG and by including tradeoff analyses of selected components and human factors. In Phase II we plans to develop an optimized prototype.

SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. One Ivybrook Boulevard, Suite 190 Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 658-0500 Mr. Wesley Sheridan AF 07-028 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CSAR-X Digital Visionic System
Abstract:	Abstract. The proposed system is a wide field of view helmet mounted system that will incorporate a visible & short wave infrared (Vis/SWIR) camera technology with dual imaging lenses placed just above the operator's eyes, and fused with a thermal long wave infrared sensor (LWIR). The DEVS will provide high resolution multi-spectral imagery to CSAR-X operational personnel. The design is to provide the combination of wide field of view and personnel signature enhancement that will allow for more efficient search and rescue operations. The Sage team will use recent developments in SWIR digital FPA technology, and combine that with current LWIR micro-bolometer advances, a programmable image processor chip, and a high resolution OLED (organic light emitting diode) display. The result will be a small binocular device that is expected to provide about 105� by 50� FOV with resolution roughly comparable to the GEN IV NVGs. while providing sensitivity for 24/7 vision enhancement capability. The system is fully digital providing image enhancement, fusion potential with SWIR & LWIR, extended FOV, lower power, greater redundancy, and lower weight. Also, covert rescue operations can be implemented by the use of powerful SWIR illuminators not visible to the human eye or conventional IR/I2 devices.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin AF 07-029 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	An Innovative Accurate Predictive 3D Terrain Modeling
Abstract:	The U.S. Air Force is looking for innovative technologies providing an autonomous helicopter sensor-display system for brown-out landing conditions. In response AGNC proposes to develop and document an innovative Accurate Predictive 3D Terrain Modeling (AP-3DTM) system and software toolsets. The AP-3DTM is based on: 1) on-the-fly 3D model generation deploying stereo-cameras with accuracy estimation and quality assurance; 2) modeling the helicopter position geospatial refinement based on AGNC's coremicro AHRS/GPS/INS Integration Unit sensors measurements; 3) AGNC's robust Kalman-Filter based helicopter position prediction; 3) optimal model visualization on 3D autostereoscopic or pilot-helmet display. Hazards detection is a concern for which AGNC provides an automated pattern recognition solution. The slope of the landing terrain is also computed to aid the pilot in the execution of a safe landing. The AP-3DTM solution, proposed by AGNC, comprises the following major innovations: a) use for the first time of the theory of stereo-perspective for 3D landing models generation in real-time from non-calibrated passive imaging; b) unique landing prediction multi-sensor architecture based on AGNC's robust Kalman filter. The Phase I research will result in identification and feasibility verification of the AP-3DTM's most challenging components. Phase II will culminate in a fully functional working prototype.

TECHNEST HOLDINGS, INC. 10411 Motor City Drive, Suite 650 Bethesda, MD 20817
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 767-2810 Dr. James Wen AF 07-029 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Autonomous Helicopter Sensor-Display System for Brown-out Landing Conditions
Abstract:	Technest Holdings Inc. proposes to develop an autonomous 3D terrain modeling sensor-display system called 3D-Nav for helicopter landings under brownout conditions. 3D-Nav is a complete and integrated hardware and software system based on an innovative GPS/INS aided 3D reconstruction algorithm and our miniature high performance and low power consumption DSP/FPGA based SOS hardware. To ensure safe landings under brownout conditions, the 3D-Nav algorithm conducts accurate 3D terrain modeling before the brownout occurs. The 3D-Nav algorithm intelligently fuses the passive imagery data with the GPS/INS data, generates 3D terrain models, and identifies dangerous 3D terrain features. During the brownout landing process, the 3D-Nav system automatically displays and update the 3D terrain model in real time with the help of the GPS/INS information and generates the navigation control signals to guide the aircraft to avoid obstacles and rollovers. The novel 3D-Nav design proposed herein leverages Technest's extensive expertise and experience in 2D/3D imaging hardware and software system development and its application in ground and aerial vehicle navigation and collision avoidance. The proposed technology has a number of applications including autonomous aircraft navigation and landing control, ground vehicle navigation in temporary brownout conditions, military surveillance, and commercial 3D modeling and reverse engineering.

TERRAMETRICS, INC. PO Box 270101 Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 979-5255 Mr. Gregory A. Baxes AF 07-029 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Rotorcraft SV Landing Display System with Self-generating 3D Terrain and Obstacle Model
Abstract:	We propose a new Synthetic Vision (SV) system architecture for helicopter brown-out landing use. Instead of authoring 3D terrain and feature datasets outside of the flight system and then uploading the prepared data prior to mission use, the proposed solution self-generates a dynamic 3D terrain model using aircraft passive-sensor camera imagery. The approach eliminates the pre-flight data acquisition, processing and uploading operations. The TerraBlocksT "Clear-to-Land" (CTL) strategy builds on our TerraBlocks SV rendering and display engine using the wavelet-encoded, multiple level-of-detail TerraBlocks 3D terrain data structure and run-time methodology. The CTL system pivots around a dynamic implementation of the TerraBlocks 3D terrain model component. The SV component receives the aircraft INS datastream and generates the out-the-window rendering based on aircraft position and attitude. Flight symbology overlays such as flight data, landing corridor and dangerous obstacle cueing are added. As the 3D terrain model is refined based on sensor data availability and quality, the refined model appears in the rendered display. Ultimately, as the helicopter enters brown-out conditions, the model is frozen, or even rolled back to an earlier "last-good" state and used for the rendering and pilot display of terrain and obstacles throughout the landing maneuver.

MYMIC LLC 200 High Street, Suite 308 Portsmouth, VA 23704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 391-9200 Mr. Phillip N. Jones AF 07-030 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Team decision making training and rehearsal exemplar for the air and space operations center (AOC)
Abstract:	Military forces have changed from a train-alert-operate paradigm to a alert-train-operate one. AOCs require a training and rehearsal capability that allows rapid proficiency on Mission Essential Competencies (MECs), supporting competencies, knowledge and skills. MYMIC LLC, teamed with MAK Technologies, proposes providing this training and rehearsal capability through the AOC Lifecycle Training Capability (ALTC). The ALTC will be comprised of three components: a Collaborative Information & Training Environment (CITE) that leverages a collaborative information environment to support training , a Training Management & Collaboration System (TMCS) that is a hybrid between a training management system and a community of practice, and M�K's Dynamic Training Cell (DTC) team training simulation environment: QuickStrike. Included in the ALTC will be a scenario-mission hierarchy. Scenario-missions will be recommended to support MEC-related proficiency for various phases of the alert-train-operate paradigm. The hierarchy will allow AOC individuals and teams to choose, based on their training requirements, specific, short or long scenario-missions for execution within the ALTC. MYMIC will investigate use of QuickStrike capabilities to provide performance measures back to ALTC users. In addition, MYMIC will investigate use of social network analysis to provide critical information to AOC leaders and performance measures to ALTC users.

ONTAR CORP. 9 Village Way North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-9622 Dr. John Schroeder AF 07-030 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Team decision making training and rehearsal exemplar for the air and space operations center (AOC)
Abstract:	Computer network defense is only as effective as the training provided to the system maintainers with respect to the tools and procedures at their disposal. Trainees need procedural knowledge and performance exercises in order to properly integrate the two areas seamlessly into a cohesive tool. The system we propose, TENOR-DMT, combines computer-based instruction and text-based courseware to support knowledge acquisition and retention. The result will be focused learning based on a set of objectives. The primary presentation of information will be in the form of text and graphics driven courseware, with knowledge reinforcement being provided by embedded simulations that correspond to the appropriate lessons/objectives. The resulting system will be effective, intuitively usable, and cost effective. At the conclusion of Phase I we will deliver to the US Air Force a proof-of-concept exemplar that demonstrates our ability to meet this SBIR topic objectives.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Mr. Matthew Hull AF 07-033 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	WINGST--Web-Interfaced Nanotechnology ESH Guidance System for Force Health Protection
Abstract:	Luna Innovations proposes the development of a novel Web-Interfaced Nanotechnology Environmental Safety and Health (ESH) Guidance System-WINGST-that will provide Air Force personnel with streamlined access to strategies and tools for managing emerging ESH risks and for exchanging vital information throughout a community of approved peers and `trusted' resources. Comprehensive guidance modules, based in part on innovative ESH `best practices' management strategies developed and implemented by Luna Innovations and the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), will be compiled and made accessible to AF personnel through WINGS, along with a host of other novel features and tools designed to facilitate informed and streamlined ESH management. The Luna and UDRI management frameworks were developed by leading nanotechnology and ESH researchers for use in distinctly different commercial and academic settings, and thus address a broad spectrum of issues likely to occur in virtually any facility where engineered nanomaterials are handled. Many regard the Luna and UDRI models as the first programs to offer comprehensive management strategies that have had their effectiveness demonstrated in actual practice. Throughout Phase I the team will define and prioritize specific ESH data gaps to address during Phase II through targeted scientific studies.

NANOCOMPOSIX, INC. 4878 Ronson CT STE K San Diego, CA 92111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 890-0770 Dr. Steven Oldenburg AF 07-033 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	The Impact of Nanomaterials on Occupational Safety and Health
Abstract:	The number of products that contain nanomaterials and the associated risk of exposure to DoD personnel is rapidly increasing. This project will identify factors that influence the generation, dispersion, and deposition of nanomaterials in the workplace. The risk of exposure via inhalation or dermal contact will be quantified for benchmark nanomaterials with well defined physical and chemical characteristics. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment for protecting workers from various release events will be evaluated. A comprehensive guide for workers who handle and use nanomaterials will be prepared to assess, avoid, and abate the adverse health and environmental impacts of nanomaterials.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Nina Joshi AF 07-033 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Identifying Critical Physicochemical Characteristics of Nano-particles that Elicit Toxic Affects on ESH
Abstract:	Nanotechnology present new opportunities to increase the performance of traditional products and to develop unique ones. Nanoparticle applications are already becoming more prominent in coatings, computers, clothing, cosmetics and other products and the trends suggest that nanoparticles will permeate a variety of industries. To ensure that this revolution continues, industry must guarantee that nanomaterials do not adversely affect human health but there is currently no systematically methodologies developed to characterize and test nanomaterials. Our goal is to determine the relationship between toxicity and physicochemical characteristics (i.e. shape, size, surface chemistry, etc.) of nanoparticles and establish model systems as well as a battery of screening assays to determine the toxicity of different nanoparticles. In phase I, we propose to test two physicochemical properties -size and hydrophobic/hydrophilic coatings - to determine cytoxicity, inflammation (by assessing cytokine production) and glutathione levels as a marker of oxidative stress in a complex in vitro lung model system. In Phase II, we will expand the type of nanoparticles as well as the physico-chemical characteristics tested. In addition, we will establish an in vitro skin model and for those nanoparticles that elicited toxicity in our in vitro models an in vivo model to determine nanoparticle translocation.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Patrick J. Magari, Ph.D. AF 07-034 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Advanced In-Flight Rebreather
Abstract:	Flight crews require supplemental oxygen for emergency high cabin altitude operations. Some flight crews require a walk-around oxygen supply to move freely throughout the cabin until the altitude is reduced to a safe level. Current low-pressure bottles cannot supply oxygen for an adequate duration in an acceptable cylinder size, and multiple cylinders would be required to meet the mission requirements, adversely impacting logistical and safety issues. Rebreather technology offers the potential to meet the need with a compact system and minimal oxygen storage requirements. Although rebreather technology has been applied successfully to diving and some land-based applications for many years, a high-altitude, walk around system presents new challenges. On the proposed project we will develop innovative technology to adapt rebreathers for in-flight use. In Phase I, we will determine appropriate specifications for an aviation rebreather and conduct proof-of-concept tests to demonstrate the promise of individual technologies or devices needed to meet the requirements for an aviation rebreather. In Phase II we will integrate these advanced technologies into a complete rebreather system.

GREY WOLF INNOVATIONS, INC. 10187 Colonial Industrial Drive South Lyon, MI 48178
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 446-9569 Mr. David W. Weber AF 07-034 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Emergency Oxygen Cylinders with Re-breathing
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to extend the usable oxygen supply of aircrew walk around system with rebreather technology. The current systems provide too little duration (approx. 25 minutes) for aircrews to perform duties at altitude. This limited duration can be a safety and mission compromising as the aircraft may not be able to descend to a flight level where supplemental oxygen is not needed. These current systems function in an open circuit manner where each exhale is vented into the surrounding atmosphere wasting about 90% of the oxygen. Grey Wolf Innovations Inc. rebreather technology will allow the exhale to be captured and recycled to be breathed again, extending the oxygen supply beyond 2 hours. This closed circuit rebreather design packages in nearly the same size as the current system (22.8" x 8.1" x 6.8") and weighs only 12.3 lbs (includes Oxygen Tank, Regulators, CO2 Scrubber, Electronics, Sensors, Dilution System, Counterlungs and Pressure Relief/Venting System).

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2349 Dr. Gokhan Alptekin AF 07-034 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	An Oxygen Re-Breather System
Abstract:	When transport aircraft must operate unpressurized at higher altitudes, the crewmember is required to carry a portable oxygen supply system to move around the cabin. Current low pressure oxygen bottles do not provide enough emergency oxygen for aircrews to perform duties in the cabin/cargo area until the aircraft can attain a safe level where supplemental oxygen is not required. A re-breather technology can extend the duration of the oxygen supply without resorting to larger storage bottles or higher pressure O2 tanks by recycling oxygen in a closed-loop manner. However, it is essential to prevent the carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in these systems. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a high capacity, durable CO2 sorbent as a key component of a lightweight, portable O2 re-breather system to support high altitude operations. In Phase I, we will develop the sorbent and carry out an overall system design.

BLUEFORCE LLC 1919 Commerce Drive, Suite 400 Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 788-8441 Dr. Maris McCrabb AF 07-035 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Effects-based Analyst Support Service
Abstract:	Our Effects-based Analyst Service Service (EBASS) will assist operational-level analysts, planners and assessors in determining measures and indicators (M&I) and Requests for Information (RFI) required to support effects-based approaches to analysis, planning and assessment. We acocmplish this through the use of ontology-based information exchange which adds context to data, "smart" RFI technology to enhance collaboration between requester and fulfiller and an RFI parsing, monitoring and tracking system to rapidly match requests to collection task to M&I.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz AF 07-035 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	A Toolkit for the Assessment of Effects-Based Operations (TAE-BO)
Abstract:	To address the need for effects-based assessment (EBA) tools, we propose to design and demonstrate a Toolkit for the Assessment of Effects-Based Operation (TAE-BO). Five core components characterize our effort: One, we will perform a Cognitive Tasks Analysis to understand the tasks, tools, and information employed by analysts performing EBA. We will analyze data from these studies to identify and define opportunities for supporting analysts. Two, we will identify and develop composable computational components for filtering, associating, aggregating, and reasoning over incoming intelligence. Three, we will develop complementary visualization methods for these components, and a user interface for authoring tools by combining components, connecting these tools, and using these tools. Four, we will design the TAE-BO toolkit, which will provide the framework and runtime environment for these tools and user interfaces. Five, we will develop a plan for evaluation of analysts' productivity while using the TAE-BO system, including an experimental methodology and specific metrics. We will leverage our team's expertise in data fusion methods and human-centered design to rapidly develop adaptable and composable data integration, management, and analysis tools and to integrate these methods with real or representative data sources.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-9836 Mr. Lee Krause AF 07-035 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Innovative Aids: Effects-Based Combat Assessment
Abstract:	Securboration's innovative approach is centered on the development of a Community of Exchange (CoEx) which represents the operational requirements and semantic dependencies that drive the operators' effective use of information to perform effects-based assessment. The Community of Exchange allows for a robust model that representation the combat assessment domain to be created and used to validate the operational process. The validation includes cognitive aspects, operational usability, and capability-based measures. With an extensive operational background and expertise in Air & Space Operations Center (AOC) operations, effects-based planning and assessment, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and modeling and simulation, Securboration is uniquely suited to "explore the implications of effects-based operations on the conduct of combat assessment" and to provide assessment tools appropriate to EBO. Securboration will leverage existing technologies and previous work on effect-based planning and assessment in the AOC environment to develop these assessment tools. In Phase I of this SBIR, Securboration will "identify and define opportunities for inserting intelligence analyst-aiding technologies appropriate to the conduct of combat assessment tasks in the context of effects-based operations." Securboration's innovative solution will be driven by: 1) "cognitive task analyses" of assessment processes "to identify analyst requirements;" 2) "capability-based measures of effectiveness. to support the evaluation of effects-based assessment performance;" and 3) conceptual models of "intelligence analyst-aiding technologies appropriate to the conduct of combat assessment tasks

OPTIMETRICS, INC. 3115 Professional Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 973-1177 Dr. Brian T. Mitchell AF 07-036 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Algorithmic Correction of Systematic Error in Eye Point-of-Regard (POR) Data Analysis
Abstract:	This project will develop and evaluate algorithms for correcting the systematic point-of-regard (POR) error found in the eye position data produced by modern eye-tracking hardware. The core idea of this project is the registration of graphical realities to the POR data. This registration enables the use of application-specific contextual information to correct systematic eye sensor error in static and dynamic displays. Phase I of the project will systematically develop and evaluate algorithms for POR error correction. The algorithms will detect operator behavior patterns by comparing expected application patterns to observed eye-movement data. The detected patterns will establish confident fixation locations (CFLs). The CFLs will provide the basis for the removal of systematic POR error. Phase II will further validate and implement the algorithms, categorize eye-tracking applications according to correction potential, and develop tools to support the implementation of POR correction in real-world applications.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Douglas H. Harris AF 07-037 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Accelerated Skill Acquisition for Intelligence Analysts
Abstract:	The proposed research effort recognizes the growing importance of open-source intelligence for evolving military operations, and is designed to enhance the capability of intelligence analysts to develop inferences from open information sources that can be acted on with confidence in the face of future military challenges. Specifically, the objective of the proposed research is to design and develop an innovative training system that will teach intelligence analysts to build critical thinking skills. System development will address the principal cognitive challenges of intelligence analysis, identify the critical thinking skills required to overcome these challenges, apply appropriate training principles and guidelines, integrate practical application with instructional software through the incorporation of simulations and feedback, comply with SCORM and HLA standards, and involve the active participation of the intelligence analysis community.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5260 Dr. Jackie Haynes AF 07-037 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	BREEZE an innovative web based OSINT trainer
Abstract:	IAI will develop an innovative tutor for OSINT analysis. BREEZE will import techniques from speed learning, comprehension training and simulation based instruction disciplines to a set of simulation based vignettes to accelerate OSINT training speed. OSINT work environment is characterized by: (1) Vast amount of available raw information with only a fraction useful; (2) High level of uncertainty. Quality of the intelligence products is a product of 4 vectors: (1) The speed in which the analyst searches the information space available, (2) level of comprehension; (3) ability of the analyst to perform critical thinking tasks; and (4) ability of the analyst to model reality despite amount of information involved. The objective of BREEZE is to extend the analyst ability in any of these vectors and perform Meta cognitive tasks of selecting the appropriate combination of the four for specific tasks. BREEZE will be developed in 2 stages. Phase I will outline the skills required from the students and the types of simulation interactions needed. We will use "Open source" knowledge about tasks and training of Open source intelligence. Phase II will focus on implementation, and creation of actual training tailored to specific needs of the Air Force.

APPLIED VISIONS, INC. 6 Bayview Avenue Northport, NY 11768
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 754-4920 Dr. John Goodall AF 07-038 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	SimBLEND: A Simulation-Based Learning Environment for Network Defense
Abstract:	We propose to build upon our experiences in developing game-based simulation systems, conducting cognitive task analyses, and authoring product-specific training in the domain of information assurance and computer network defense (CND) to generate a top-level design and proof-of-concept prototype that integrates data visualization, computer-based courseware and game-based simulation to create a training environment that improves the effectiveness of decision making in network defense operations. Our approach will consider architectural alternatives for deploying computer-mediated training and simulation technologies, and for producing a common learning management system that administers and synchronizes the training environment's simulation and training components. We will investigate Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) compliant approaches to content development and delivery to determine if these may be suitable for use in a system that tightly couples training content to simulation. We will also engage CND training providers, and stakeholders in the end-user / trainee community, in continuing to gather needs specification data related to training for effective decision making. We will also investigate how our existing data visualization product line, also developed with the objective of improving CND decision-making effectiveness, can be harnessed within an integrated CND training system.

EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH, INC. 1595 Spring Hill Road , Suite 250 Vienna, VA 22182
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 869-1658 Dr. Dennis K. Leedom AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I research will illustrate and assess the feasibility of combining dynamic meaning systems, work control structures, and 4th-generation warfare principles to yield a computational environment for developing behavior signatures of a transnational insurgency movement. This environment allows intelligence analysts and operational planners to develop a functionally-linked framework of hypotheses regarding a transnational insurgency movement's strategic/operational intent and organizational capabilities that can be dynamically maintained as an evidence-supported belief structure, and used to holistically interpret the operational significance of observed objects, events, and conditions and predictively assess and disrupt a future set of contextually-related insurgency behaviors. The research will apply the framework to two case studies involving recent transnational insurgency movements in order to (1) determine if sufficient information exists to create meaningful behavior signatures, (2) identify and illustrate computational methods and techniques that could be incorporated into a Phase II behavior signature system for dynamically maintaining and evaluating a hypothesized model of an insurgency campaign across the strategic-political-operational-tactical spectrum of operations, and (3) identify potential Air Force applications of the behavior signature system for collection management, identification of appropriate operational effects, and the targeting of specific military and interagency actions.

METRICA, INC. 8620 N. New Braunfels, Suite 603 San Antonio, TX 78217
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 545-1028 Dr. Brice M. Stone AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	The objective of this research project is to develop a new class of multi-attribute behavior signatures to enable the anticipation of enemy activities. Asymmetric warfare and operations against transnational terrorist groups would significantly benefit from a new class of multi-attribute behavior signatures for predicting adversary intent and their likely courses of actions. These behavior signatures could potentially draw upon multiple streams of intelligence data, possibly over long temporal durations, to provide direct and indirect indicators of activities of interest. Conceptually, behavior signatures can be considered to be schemas whose attributes delineate a set of characteristics, or patterns of activity, that define the behavior of potential threat entities (consisting of individuals, groups, organizations, societies, and/or nations/states). The activation or realization of a behavior signature for a particular threat entity can be all or nothing or partial, where some, but not all, of the attributes are matched. Research is needed to define selected initial signature libraries, to explore the type of architecture required to use behavior signatures as a computational system (such as probabilistic neural networks, multinomial logistic regression, etc.), and to identify which Air Force systems would benefit most from behavior signatures technology (such as counter intelligence from influence operations).

MYMIC LLC 200 High Street, Suite 308 Portsmouth, VA 23704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 203-3761 Mr. Steven Aviles AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	MYMIC LLC, working with the University of Alabama, Huntsville, proposes a methodology to use behavioral signatures to predict threat actions. The technical approach we propose to use to identify behavior signatures for and predict terror attacks is Bayesian data analysis. This methodology is a collection of practical statistical methods for making inferences from data, based on probability models developed from that data for both observed and unknown quantities of interest. The proposed behavior signature development and prediction methodology is built on two key ideas: a database of past attacks which will be analyzed, and the Bayesian statistical methods for analyzing the database and calculating the probabilities of future attacks. The goal is to analyze the attribute data in the database for predictive patterns, such as: 1.0 Temporal attributes (e.g., time of day, proximity to holidays or political events) 2.0 Causal linkages (e.g., retributions and re-retributions for prior events) 3.0 Location or locale (e.g., city A more likely than B, or terrain type X is more likely than Y)

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Mr. Ryan Houlette AF 07-039 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Case-Based Behavior Signatures for Prediction of Adversary Behavior
Abstract:	We propose the development of a software system to assist analysts with the process of characterizing, monitoring, and predicting adversary behavior. We adopt a case-based approach to the representation of behavior signatures. Based on a variety of possible activities and processes, created by analysts with a visual tool and maintained as a library of cases, the system will monitor intelligence streams for recognizable activity. The representation of a signature, which relates actors to collections of these cases, will be sensitive to the novel attributes of asymmetric adversaries, including decentralized, networked organizations, and non-attritional effects-based operations. Case representation will allow the use of case-based reasoning algorithms to form partial matches to observed activity, providing threat classification and prediction with a quantifiable level of certainty. Furthermore, relationships between cases can yield patterns of broader scope than individual acts: operational cycles, attack campaigns, patterns of methods or targets, and trajectories of adaptation. We will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach on a selected domain.

BLUEFORCE LLC 1919 Commerce Drive, Suite 400 Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 788-9179 Dr. Maris McCrabb AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CAOC Multimodal Integrated Collaboration Environment (CMICE)
Abstract:	CAOC Multimodal Integrated Collaboration Environment (CMICE) is an integrated suite of human-to-human and human-to-information collaboration technology coupled with work-centered tools that provide the information exchange needs discussed in the Joint Battlespace Infosphere and Net Centric vision. The work-centered collaboration environment allows users to interact effectively by making use of the intuitive LiveSpaces environment and allows for the manipulation, tracking and production of objects and attributes during the collaboration. Our ARTEMIS (A Real-Time Effects Management Information Service) is ideally suited to assist in this task by tracking the information flows between the various processes involved.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Ryan Kilgore AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Collaborative Multimodal Environment for Data Integration and Analysis (C-MEDIA)
Abstract:	Warfighters within the modern Air Operations Center (AOC) must successfully integrate and manage dynamic, time-sensitive information from a large number of heterogeneous and multimodal information sources accessed through a variety of software applications, all while collaborating in real-time as efficiently as possible. To address these issues, we propose to design and evaluate a Collaborative Multimodal Environment for Data Integration and Analysis (C-MEDIA). Four core components characterize our approach. First, we will enable AOC personnel to correlate data by building C-MEDIA on a software framework that can fuse heterogeneous information sources and present these sources through a single access point. Second, we will support the manipulation, understanding, and exploitation of correlated data sources by providing users with an integrated view of the data through advanced, human-centered, multimodal display tools within a fully tailorable environment. Third, we will support collaboration between teams of local and distributed AOC personnel by providing a collaborative work environment that lets teams share and manipulate data sources in real-time, then digitally capture collaborative output. Fourth, we will assess the feasibility of our approach by leveraging existing in-house technology and other systems to rapidly design and prototype conceptual information display tools and collaborative capabilities for the C-MEDIA system.

THE DESIGN KNOWLEDGE CO. 3100 Presidential Dr , Suite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-4276 Dr. James McCracken AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Multi-Modal Collaboration Environment
Abstract:	We propose our LOCUS program to define and evaluate strategies that demonstrate how data from databases, text, text chat, voice communications, outside sources etc,. can be correlated, presented to and exploited/manipulated by AOC planners for real-time collaboration to support shared situation awareness for development of strategy, plans, and assessments. We proposed evaluation of specific technologies and review of strategies of interaction, coupled with principles of data visualization to accomplish the generation of a single coherent operating picture.

SEHDA, INC. 1153 Bordeaux Dr., , Suite 211 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 747-1010 Mr. Farzad Ehsani AF 07-041 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Rapid Development Techniques for Spoken Language Translation
Abstract:	Current approaches to building speech translation systems require large amounts of data for building acoustic, language, and translation models. The data requirements lead to high costs and long lead times when building systems for new languages or domains. Sehda, Inc. proposes to dramatically reduce the time and cost to create two-way speech translation systems in new languages and domains by creating new algorithms and approaches to system development that: . Reduce the amount of training data with a divide-and-conquer SMT approach . . Augment existing domain corpora with similar data from the Internet in both English and the target language. . Use acoustic models from other languages to create models in a new language. . Build better translation models from the limited domain-specific parallel corpus. The goal of Phase I is to define a rapid system-building process using these innovations and to deliver a working prototype for a single domain in Korean. In Phase II, Sehda will create a system in another language that is structurally different from Korean and create new algorithms needed for that language, expanding the number of tools that are available to build systems for other languages.

MOBILISA, INC. 191 Otto Street Port Townsend, WA 98368
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 344-3233 Mr. Craig Bleile AF 07-042 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	Mobilisa and subcontractor Mikros Systems propose to develop the RHAZ analysis tool based on Mobilisa's software package known as AIRchitectr, which already implements several of the key functions required. AIRchitectr was originally developed to model wireless networks onboard US Navy vessels, and incorporates advanced algorithms to simulate RF propagation, model 3D environments and determine ambient RF power levels. The key objective of the proposed program is to modify the baseline AIRchitectr software to provide the additional functionality required for RF hazard analysis. Two types of upgrades will be required. First, the AIRchitectr "front-end" software, which simulates RF propagation, will be enhanced to support geographical and structural models of the environment, and to incorporate indoor/outdoor RF propagation. Second, additional "back-end" code will be developed to implement dosimetry algorithms based on applicable standards and methods (such as IEEE C95.1 and the RFR Dosimetry Handbook). User feedback will be provided using color-coded signal intensity maps and recommended safety actions. The RHAZ Analysis Tool will be developed using standard interfaces and modular methods to accommodate a range of dosimetry methods, and will be able to compare predicted results with empirical survey results to validate operation.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St. , Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Dr. Stephen A. Fast AF 07-042 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	With the advent of High Powered Microwave (HPW) weapons, it has become necessary to understand the effect of the radiated energy on those persons exposed. Additionally other systems, such as microwave and troposcatter systems, also pose a danger to humans who are exposed to their radiated energy. The U. S. government, the Air Force and other international organizations have developed standards that specify the safe exposure limits. When computing Electromagnetic biohazards, it is necessary to properly consider all aspects of the problem. The aspects are the proper definition of the source and its radiation, proper propagation of the energy to the designated location, and proper computation of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The proposed effort extends Remcom's demonstrated Wireless InSite software to treat the prediction monitoring of Radio Frequency and microwave exposure hazards. Thus the focus of Phase I will be to extend WI to compute hazards using key newly developed Remcom technology. In order to meet the run time requirement in Phase I, Remcom will leverage the UPPS and EMPIRE capabilities. This capability, while lower fidelity than what is possible, will, nonetheless, allow the feasibility to be demonstrated in a realistic Phase I prototype. Further, accessing the computational capability via the EMPIRE API will allow the Air Force to incorporate the tools in existing applications. Following successful completion of the Phase I effort, Phase II will focus on enhancing the run time performance of the high fidelity engine using advanced ray tracing techniques.

WAVEPOINT RESEARCH PO Box 244 Newburgh, IN 47629
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 490-7947 Mr. Eric R. Wandel AF 07-042 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	The proposed effort will result in the development and demonstration of a preliminary prototype capability for a RF Hazard (RHAZ) assessment tool on a PC platform. The RHAZ tool will be designed to be easy and efficient to use by range safety officers or Base Bio-Environmental Engineers in a deployed environment. The user interface for the RHAZ assessment tool will be modeled in part on the existing Laser Hazard (LHAZ) user interface. A prototype developed in Phase I will demonstrate the efficacy of the RHAZ tool. A variety of computational electromagnetic methods will be investigated for implementation, including simple array theory models, method of moments (MoM), geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), finite element methods (FEM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD). A combination of selected techniques is anticipated with each selected technique being used as the field solver engine within its respective range of validity.

KNOX ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PO Box 1507 North Hampton, NH 03862
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 319-4640 Mr. William Knox AF 07-043 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	FastCAL PD-Meter: A Self-Calibrating, Millimeter Wave, Advanced Architected, Power Density Meter
Abstract:	Knox Electronic Technologies will develop a power density measurement platform that meets the requirements expressed in SBIR Subtopic AD07-043 with a measurement uncertainty of � 0.4 dB at 100 GHz and that can be used in electromagnetic fields that are greater than 1 W/cm2. Existing power density meters can only measure as high as 40 GHz with reported accuracies of � 1.0 dB, and they are extremely temperamental. Diode-based sensors can especially be a problem when information is lacking with respect to the signal one is trying to measure. Knox Electronics' approach is to employ vector network analyses using stable, characterized, highly accurate passive transfer standards that are relatively simple to develop, very stable at millimeter wave frequencies, and are immune to temperature drift. In this way, system uncertainties can be treated as systematic errors. This effort will include innovative power measurement techniques, digital receivers and "state-of-the-art" DSP techniques for improving measurement uncertainties, application of reciprocity theory using millimeter wave heterodyne receivers, and a using vector network analysis with a DSP-based single port reflectometer and passive termination to generate a 3-term error- corrected reference plane.

RCA CONSULTANTS, INC. 87 Munson Ave. West Hempstead, NY 11552
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(516) 538-2449 Dr. Richard C. Augeri AF 07-043 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	New Directed Energy (Millimeter Wave) Power Density Meters to Determine Dose
Abstract:	An accurate method of measuring the millimeter wave power density from 2 GHz to beyond 100 GHz is described. A breadboard demonstration, using a non-convential approach,to accomplish this measurement is described. A design study to develop the breadboard approach in a fully operational meter is described. Notable features of the power density meter include (1) the measurement of power densities as high as 10 W/cm2 (2) frequency independent measurement from 2 GHz to beyond 100GHz (3)remote wireless operation for turn-on, turn-off and scale setings (4) design to operate in a field environment (5) 0.4 dB of accuracy. The proposed program is nine months in duration.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th Street, Suite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 Mr. James F. Coward AF 07-043 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	New Directed Energy (Millimeter Wave) Power Density Meters to Determine
Abstract:	SA Photonics is proposing a program to develop a high speed electro-optic sensor for a high power directed energy power density meter, the SA Photonics' Power density meter (SA-PDM). We will utilize a photonic approach with no active electronic elements in the sensor probe thus allowing detection of extremely high field densities. The innovative approach used in developing Our SA-PDM will improve high Frequency sensitivity by 1000x over current approaches and meets the requirements of this solicitation to measure frequencies up to 100GHz with better than 0.4dB accuracy. Furthermore, this photonic approach with no active electronics in the sensor probe, allow us to meet the field density requirements stated in this solicitation as well.

HEAD REHAB, LLC 801 N. Elizabeth # 2S Chicago, IL 60622
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 571-4298 Dr. Semyon Slobounov AF 07-044 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Head Rehab VR System
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop a conceptual framework, design, produce and preliminary evaluate a HeadRehab's prototype virtual reality (VR) application in order: a) to proper assess functional impairments due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), via identification of changes in the brain functions, as a first step of patients' rehabilitation protocol; and b) to facilitate re-acquisition of fundamental cognitive and behavioral neural substrates temporary disabled due to TBI. First, we will link TBI symptoms to their underlying mechanisms and will produce VR application (computer graphics modules) to examine how cognitive (i.e., memory, attention and spatial awareness) and behavioral (i.e., visual-kinesthetic sense involved in postural control) neural substrates are interactively affected by the TBI. Second, within the concept of "neuroplasticity" we will ultimately develop a fully immersive VR prototype incorporated with "VR-driven feedback" and suitable interface between TBI patients and computer generated 3-D "enriched environment. Third, an executive task controller will be elaborated allowing a) the rehabilitation therapist to constantly challenge the patients and maintain his or her optimal level of effort and b) the TBI patient to effectively interact with precisely controlled VR environment contingent upon his/her intact physical capabilities. Fully developed HeadRehab's VR prototype may be applied for solders, athletes and ordinary civilians suffering from a wide range of TBI (from mild to severe), and will be most beneficial for patients experiencing long-lasting cognitive-motor and balance residual disabilities.

THE VIRTUAL REALITY MEDICAL CENTER 6160 Cornerstone Court East San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 642-0267 Dr. Mark D. Wiederhold AF 07-044 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	A Mixed Reality System for Cognitive Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract:	The goal of this SBIR Phase I project is to plan, design, build, and test a true 3D stereo mixed-reality (MR) system prototype that will enhance cognitive functions in TBI soldiers by inducing neuroplasticity through interaction with an enriched environment. TBI, the signature wound of the Iraq War, is the most common combat-related injury and results in disturbances in attention, memory loss, and executive function. Comprehensive-holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation approaches are effective for remediation of attention deficits and memory impairments, but extremely costly. Finding alternative, cost-effective ways to rehabilitate soldiers would help save the military and government an enormous amount of money. The Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC) will work with The Media Convergence Lab (MCL) at the University of Central Florida (UCF) and a TBI expert consultant to create a haptics-enhanced true 3D stereo mixed reality system designed to stimulate and improve cognitive functions in warfighters that suffer from TBI with the end goal of helping them return to service.

ACCACIA INTERNATIONAL, INC. One Tech Plaza, 2113 Wells Branch Parkway, Suite 6 Austin, TX 78728
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 782-8289 Mrs. Eula Sequeira AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Polyvalent Aptamer Networks
Abstract:	Aptamers have been selected against a variety of important biodefense targets, including protein toxins such as ricin and pepocin and antigens from pathogenic bacteria such as Yersinia spp. and F. tularemia. To ensure that reagents can be created for any of a variety of chemical and biological agents, including new biological agents, selection methods need to be streamlined. The cost of chemical and enzymatic synthesis of many RNA or modified RNA aptamers remains prohibitive for their development as therapeutics, which limit their application in diagnostic and biosensor applications. The cheapest and best alternative method is to synthesize short DNA aptamers. Unfortunately, short DNA aptamers frequently do not bind their targets with high affinities and specificities, because the surface area between the aptamer and target is too small to ensure multiple contacts. We propose a novel selection method that will both generate high affinity aptamers in a single step and significantly reduce the cost of synthesis of these aptamers. Deliverables for this project will be short aptamers that can bind as networks to MS2 bacteriophage or B. subtilis with affinities in the nanomolar range. The specificities of these aptamer networks will be measured by determining whether they bind to non-cognate targets.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Vladimir Gilman AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Rapid Isolation of DNA Aptamers (RIDA)
Abstract:	DNA aptamers are promising highly-specific, environmentally-stable threat-detecting molecules. Unfortunately, the current method for generating these materials yields a product frought with a high concentration of ballast aptamers. A laborious, yet automated process is required to isolate the desired molecules, thereby precluding their widespread use. Infoscitex (IST) proposes to develop a rapid aptamer production process that relies upon the law of mass action to make selection of high affinity and selective aptamers after only one round. The Phase I program will focus on demonstrating the approach to be rapid, scalable, and economical. Upon successful completion of Phase I, Phase II/III activities will focus on the continued development and scale-up of the novel technology of aptamer isolation process.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Anton Chestukhin AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Rapid Development of DNA Aptamers for Agent Identification, Tracking and Neutralization
Abstract:	DNA aptamers are artificial nucleotide sequences that bind to target molecules with affinity and specificity similar to those of antibodies. High specificity, stability and low cost of aptamers make them superior modalities for detection of biodefense toxin and biological threat agents. Specific DNA aptamers are selected from combinatorial libraries by series of iterative selection/amplification cycles called SELEX (Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Separation of aptamer/target complexes from unbound aptamers is a key step in the enrichment process and a variety of technical approaches have been used. However, all of currently available protocols for selection of aptamers require numerous selection cycles with enzymatic amplification steps that may produce artifacts. Ultimate improvement of both selection time and selection specificity could be achieved by developing a single step selection protocol. We propose a novel NON-SELEX-based approach for single step DNA aptamer selection. The Phase I effort will provide essential data for the proof of methodology concept and will set the stage for identification of specific aptamers. Further evaluation of PSI's novel technology will be carried out by extending it to selection of aptamers against biodefense-relevant targets in Phase II.

ASTRON WIRELESS TECHNOLIGIES, INC. 22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 450-5517 Mr. Glenn F. Brown AF 07-059 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element For VHF RADAR
Abstract:	The objective of the SBIR Topic AF 071-059, "Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element for VHF Radar", is the development of a single antenna element which can be used for a VHF (25 to 88MHz) Foliage Penetration (FOPEN) Radar Phased-Array. It must also be designed to be able to be placed on the skin (metal or composite) of the aircraft fuselage. The development of novel planar phased-array elements with low profile and wide bandwidth (25 to 88MHz) is the final objective of this SBIR effort.

FIRST RF CORP. 4865 Sterling Drive, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Mr. Farzin Lalezari AF 07-059 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element For VHF RADAR
Abstract:	Currently fielded VHF FOPEN SAR systems are tailored around large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles such as the Global Hawk platform. The current antenna design is an array of log-periodic monopoles that is permanently installed on the platform. While these antennas deliver the gain and suppress the backlobe at sufficient level, they are large and require permanent installation on the aircraft. There is a need to provide an alternate technology that does not require a permanent installation on a large aircraft. Installation on tactical sized UAVs such as Predator is desired for maximizing the tactical value and flexibility of the system. The FIRST RF solution achieves the critical performance characteristics from a low profile two element array. Many wideband array elements are 3 dimensional and require a minimum spacing of 0.2 wavelengths or more of depth. This is impractical for VHF frequencies on small platforms. The proposed array element technology is capable of meeting coverage and bandwidth requirements while maintaining conformality. In addition, traditional array solutions require a large number of elements to achieve the necessary front to back ratio. The FIRST RF beamforming technology requires a minimum of only 2 elements to achieve the front to back requirement.

MAXIM SYSTEMS 1615 Murray Canyon Road, Suite 400 San Diego, CA 92108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 574-2274 Mr. Tai Seibert AF 07-060 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety Tools and Processes
Abstract:	The Multiple Independent Layers of Security/Safety (MILS) architecture brings the promise of high assurance to embedded systems in numerous DoD communications, intelligence, and avionics platforms. Unfortunately, its widespread adoption for managing single and multi-level classified data has been limited by the various DoD Certification and Accreditation (C&A) processes it must undergo. While MILS has specifically been designed to be highly reusable and automated from the start, DoD C&A evaluations are still performed manually. The result is many months and potentially millions of dollars for even a simple system accreditation. To address this problem, MAXIM Systems and teammates OIS and Ball Aerospace will research the requirements for an automated DoD C&A tool to address the MILS architecture, targeting the B-2 EHF SATCOM program. The MAXIM team will then research methods to generalize this tool for other MILS application platforms as well as non-MILS environments. The team will also define requirements for use of the technology as a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool for third party developers to ensure C&A compliance and MILS best practices are built into future software from the start. MAXIM will produce a complete development plan and proof of concept demonstration as part of this research.

WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP 4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-4353 Dr. Chris Walter AF 07-060 Awarded: 25MAY07
Title:	Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety Tools and Processes
Abstract:	The innovations offered by the WWTG are grounded in our novel work in developing a model-based approach that integrates views and tools for certifying MILS-based systems. Specific advancements are realized through representations of diverse, yet coordinated, behaviors affecting MILS policies and certification as executable models to produce high fidelity, repeatable and readily communicated artifacts. A common modeling hub is used to supports the integration of heterogeneous simulation and modeling technologies through a tool bus technology. The tool offers the potential to integrate methodologies that heretofore were disparate and performed by expert teams (i.e. security, safety, fault tolerance) into a common toolsuite accessible by many stakeholders. Information related to the system description, design and certification follows the system throughout the life-cycle and can be used early in to flag violations/deficiencies and/or used in the optimization of key system operating and design parameters. The combination of policies for MILS separation kernels analyzed with a proven, multi-formalism modeling tool offers a unique opportunity to improve upon the state of the art in the certification of MILS architectures. This will advance the state of the art beyond devising formal processes and practices but will enable application of these concepts to specific implementations.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Mr. Steven Mercurio AF 07-061 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	GMTI Forensics Analysis Tools
Abstract:	Black River Systems Co., Inc. propose to develop a forensic analysis system that provides various levels of data exploitation via tracking and fusion of GMTI and other data sources with a layered approach that provides the analyst with tools to perform data mining, adaptive criteria for event detection, and ultimately moves the analysts from a reactive stance following events such as IED explosions to a proactive or predictive capability. The primary emphasis during Phase I includes development of an architecture that supports existing tools and data archives, and algorithm research with emphasis on forensics and adaptive learning from analyst experience. Proposed for Phase II is the development of a prototype system that is distributed to operational communities with emphasis on testing with real theatre data and fast reaction enhancements and capabilities.

PARIETAL SYSTEMS, INC. 510 Turnpike Street, Suite 201 North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 327-5210 Dr. Robert B. Washburn AF 07-061 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Graphical Analysis for MTI Exploitation (GAME)
Abstract:	The ability of airborne GMTI radars to observe motion persistently over large regions provides an unsurpassed potential to detect linkages between events or facilities for forensic analysis. However, realizing this potential is currently a time-consuming, manually intensive task requiring days or weeks to produce actionable intelligence. To reduce the analysis time and the analyst workload we propose to develop a family of graphical analysis tools for automated GMTI link discovery. Our approach extracts key track-to-track relationships from MTI (or other INT) data to produce a large directed graph, enabling the application of computationally efficient algorithms which have been developed to perform link analysis on very large graphs. Because our approach transforms the data from tracks to a discrete nodes and links, it simplifies difficult problems of multi-INT correlation and fusion, avoids the need for long track lifetimes, and still retains the information needed for forensic analysis. We also apply recent extensions of scan statistic methods to graphical data to detect interesting relationships from noisy graph data. These methods allow users to incorporate information about data uncertainty and to get back quantitative confidence measures for the discovered linkages, helping users to determine if there is adequate information for making decisions.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5241 Dr. Renato Levy AF 07-062 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	A Cross-layer Approach for Reliable Communication in Airborne Networks
Abstract:	In this proposal, we propose an innovative technical approach for achieving reliable wireless communications in Airborne Network environment based on an integrated cross-layer design on Link layer, Network layer and Transport layer. Our approach has four main advantageous features: (1) a cross-layer framework assists information exchanges between different networking layers, expedites upper layers' response to quick changes of physical links and outside environment, and helps to optimize link selections; (2) the approach considers the broad diversity of link types in Airborne Networks, and implements an distributed agent-based link management scheme to enable network's self-adaptation to link dynamics; (3) a network addressing methodology provides automatic address configuration in Airborne Networks, and easy conversion between Airborne Network addresses and standard IP addresses; and (4) a transport-layer mechanism specially customized for Airborne Networks can provide reliable end-to-end connections on lossy, intermittent and asymmetric paths.

MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC. 20 Burlington Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 359-9500 Mr. Wassim Ferzali AF 07-062 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Collaborative Open Architecture Technology for Reliable Airborne Networking (COATRAN)
Abstract:	Mayflower proposes a reliable airborne networking technology, the Collaborative Open Architecture Technology for Reliable Airborne Networking (COATRAN), to meet the Air Force objectives, namely, to develop data-link, network, and transport layer protocols, interoperable with standard Internet protocols, which provide reliable performance over intermittent wireless connections of Airborne Networks. The proposed COATRAN system uses an open architecture for interoperability with standard IP protocols and interconnectivity with space and terrestrial networks, and cross-layer and inter-node collaboration to counter deleterious effects of high-speed mobility, platform dynamics, link heterogeneity and variability. The COATRAN system will increase reliability of communication and networking under adverse conditions by utilizing innovative protocols that foster cross-layer and cross-network collaboration between nodes to form a smart network with smart nodes. The proposed COATRAN system leverages Mayflower's expertise in airborne networking, and builds on technology developed under three Phase II SBIR programs and Internal R&D. The COATRAN system, when proven feasible in the Phase I study for the Air Force application, has enormous potential for military and commercial applications. Mayflower will develop a cost effective COATRAN prototype system in Phase I and II, and ensure its commercialization in Phase III and beyond.

KUTTA CONSULTING, INC. 2075 W. Pinnacle Peak Rd., Suite 102 Phoenix, AZ 85023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 896-1976 Mr. Douglas V. Limbaugh AF 07-063 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	ATC Position Reports for Unmanned Aircraft (UA)
Abstract:	In this proposal, Kutta architects a high-reliable UAV Reporting Schema (UAV-RS). Kutta leverages its experience in developing flight certifiable software, avionics bus schemas, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ground control stations. Kutta also capitalizes on existing DOD investments and its strategic relationships within the UAV community. These relationships and existing technologies allow Kutta's team to architect a UAV-RS that quickly transitions onto the battlefield and into the National Air Space (NAS). Kutta and their partners use a proven software engineering methodology to derive the schema for the reporting system and evaluate the schemas in their own UAV hardware in-the-loop simulators. Additionally, Kutta tests the high-potential schemas and system architecture against a multitude of UAV use cases to analyze and optimize the UAV-RS. Near the end of the Phase I, Kutta demonstrates many of the preliminary schemas working in real-time 2D and 3D geo-referenced environments. At the end of the Phase I effort, Kutta delivers a System and Software Requirements Document (SSRD) for the optimized schemas and works with FAA Designated Engineering Representatives (DERs) and relevant agencies to start the process for ratification and transition of the UAV-RS onto the battlefield and into the NAS.

VIPMOBILE, INC. 655 Montgomery Street, Suite 540 San Francisco, CA 94111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 837-3201 Dr. Bill Webster AF 07-063 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	ATC Position Reports for Unmanned Aircraft (UA)
Abstract:	Unmanned aircraft (UA) position reports currently cannot be transmitted to air traffic control (ATC) displays by altitude and latitude/longitude of the aircraft. There is no schema for converting position reports for all UA used in theatre into a standard format and to forward this information to ATC and battle management facilities. Our approach will be to implement a simplified XML-based schema using Cursor-on-Target as an initial area of investigation. We will utilize message file reduction methods to improve data throughput over limited bandwidth. The end state is the creation of a ATC Position Reporting System based on a high performance data base engine. The reporting system will be integrated into the ATC Tactical Briefcase currently under development for AFRL/HE and ST BAO.

CAPRARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 311 Turner Street Suite 410 Utica, NY 13501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 733-0854 Dr. Gerard T. Capraro AF 07-064 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Managed Information Delivery to Multiple Devices
Abstract:	The US military must provide the right information to its warfighters in a timely manner. This must be done securely, to a large variety of mobile devices across different networks, in different formats, and using multiple protocols. Mobile devices should be used to receive information from the network, gather data, and send it to the network. The commercial products for these purposes do not meet many military requirements, such as security and Net-Centricity. The military has a major problem in connecting legacy systems, and adding new, proprietary commercial systems would only exacerbate the problem. We propose a system to manage information from and to a wide variety of mobile devices across networks called a Unified Military Secure Information Mobile System (UMSIMS) that will integrate with the military Net-Centric approach. It is a standards-based, extensible, secure and unified approach to coordinate multiple devices over multiple networks, while minimizing information overload. UMSIMS utilizes commercial products and standards, including Semantic Web technologies, and both new and legacy military communications systems, including airborne networks, UAVs and space assets. It will both forward and gather information to and from a variety of devices, accept new devices and software readily, and be domain independent.

VISION SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6021 University Blvd, Suite 360 Ellicott City, MD 21043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-5555 Ms. Catherine Holmes AF 07-064 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Managed Information Delivery to Multiple Devices
Abstract:	We propose an innovative approach to meet the Air Force's objective of seamlessly delivering information and alerts to the warfighter that accommodates multiple devices, connections, formats, and protocols. In particular, we propose to develop a system that can securely deliver and manage critical information flow to multiple devices utilizing different connections and protocols. We will demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by building a proof-of-principle publish and subscribe system utilizing a commercial agent-based messaging platform called AgentLogic as its foundation. VSTI will extend the core capabilities of the messaging platform and integrate FIPA-based ontologies and standards to provide a system that is extensible, secure, easily managed, and domain independent. The resulting system will be able to process data from multiple current and legacy systems, both push and pull information and alerts to users, and automatically modify this information to accommodate device limitations.

DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC. 40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 727-7700 Dr. C. Allen Butler/Dr. Eric C. Butts AF 07-066 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Fusion of Airborne Surveillance and Intelligence Information
Abstract:	In this project, Wagner Associates will develop a prototype Multi-hypothesis Active and Passive Data Fusion System (MAPDFS). MAPDFS will accurately fuse active data, such as Air Moving Target Indicator (AMTI) reports; with passive data, such as Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) reports. MAPDFS will rely on a sophisticated multiple hypothesis algorithm to allow the ambiguity inherent in contact association, especially when processing passive only detections, to resolve over time. MAPDFS will also use a Gaussian sum tracker to provide an accurate estimate of target location, even when active data is not available. In addition, MAPDFS will use a detailed model of ELINT reports when calculating association scores, thereby increasing the likelihood of obtaining and maintaining the correct associations. In this project we will also design scenarios and produce simulated data that will allow us to demonstrate the benefits of the accurate fused picture produced by MAPDFS.

NUMERICA CORP. PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 419-8343 Dr. Benjamin J. Slocumb AF 07-066 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Fusion of Airborne Surveillance and Intelligence Information
Abstract:	Airborne ISR platforms generate tactical air picture representations using kinematic information from radar and combat identification information from ELINT. This program seeks to develop a fusion system that is capable of combining airborne MTI (AMTI) radar data and airborne target ELINT (ATE) data to provide a Common Operating Picture (COP). Numerica's proposed fusion approach is formulated within the context of a multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) system, and it leverages Numerica's extensive expertise in architectures for a Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP). Numerica's approach specifically addresses the need for an attribute-aided scoring process that uses the target classification information provided by the AMTI and ELINT systems, and it addresses the issue that airborne ELINT systems are unable to geospatially-reference the location of ATE reports. The proposed program also addresses techniques for capitalizing on AMTI-ATE fused data. At each platform, the fusion results can be used for sensor control to improve detection, accuracy, surveillance coverage, and response time performance.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Ms. Marisa Gioioso AF 07-068 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	The Metadata Security Assertion Framework and Evaluation system (MetaSAFE)
Abstract:	Modern Defense strategy and execution is increasingly net-centric and distributed, allowing for new information flows that cross system, domain, and community of interest boundaries. But these new data flows introduce security risk as sensitive information passes outside of the domain where it was created. To mitigate this risk, the originators of information must assert control over the dissemination of sensitive information, and the receivers of information must validate that this sensitive information was disseminated by trustworthy and valid sources. In both cases, detailed and accurate metadata must be provided with the assurance that it cannot be compromised to misrepresent the associated information. ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation, will develop the Metadata Security Assertion Framework and Evaluation system (MetaSAFE) to enable a guard or other security device to manage the creation and validation of security metadata. MetaSAFE will provide secure association of information with its metadata, and a secure trail of assertions, signed by trusted sources, validating the metadata. The metadata will provide assertions about the classification of the information as well as the security pedigree of the information. Building upon existing ATC-NY pedigree technology, MetaSAFE will provide the most balanced volume- and time-efficient representation of these security assertions.

DISTRIBUTED INFINITY, INC. 1382 Quartz Mountain Drive Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 825-8709 Dr. Wendy L. Hamilton AF 07-068 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Adaptive Metadata Integrity Assurance
Abstract:	Information Dominance is the key metric in today's battlefield. Reliance on data and management of data and the accuracy and integrity of that data are paramount to mission success. Metadata enables solutions to many problems of integrity of data. As the data becomes more distributed, virtual, and ubiquitous, current methods of centralized metadata and version control are not responsive to mission needs and are not scaleable to network centric operations. Phase I will extend existing agents to create an evaluation prototype Adaptive Metadata Integrity Analysis (AMIA) system. AMIA will evaluate decentralized development, tracking, and analysis of metadata in a network centric mission environment. This evaluation will be explicitly focused on scalability and responsiveness to the network centric warfare environment. AMIA evaluation will assess integrity of metadata on various objects developed locally and used locally as well as global data usage. AMIA phase I evaluation will provide evaluation of the control signals and risks related to adapting the level and quantity of metadata captured and retained across the network.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Curt Wu AF 07-069 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Software Trustworthiness Assessment Tool (STAT)
Abstract:	Warfighters are increasingly dependent on systems that must be reliable and secure to perform their missions. There is a growing concern about software system security because many current software systems are neither reliable nor secure. With the possibility of external agents and conditions accidentally or purposefully degrading system performance, software should ideally be secure from these threats. In short the software must be trustworthy. A method is needed for the system administrator to assess the current security level of a system and gain insight into active vulnerabilities, so risk can be actively managed rather than incorrectly assumed to be at a constant level. Also, an approach is needed to learn during runtime what behavior at a system level is "normal" and by extension, trustworthy, and what is unusual and potentially untrustworthy. We are pleased to submit this proposal to design and demonstrate the feasibility of a Software Trustworthiness Assessment Tool (STAT). This effort will investigate techniques for assessing the software trustworthiness of an integrated system during runtime. We anticipate that the results of this effort will be widely applicable to any software system where trustworthiness is a concern and analysis of individual application trustworthiness is not sufficient.

COGNITIVE CONCEPTS 458 E Jackson Webster Groves, MO 63119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 961-7454 Mr. Peter Lakey AF 07-069 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Methodology for Software Trustworthiness Measurement
Abstract:	Cognitive Concepts (CC) and High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) will support the Air Force in defining objective measures of software trustworthiness, not just for embedded systems, but for a broad range of applications. The innovation is to establish measures of the inherent risks in software systems and to provide tools to implement those measures. The measurements we define will be fundamentally sound from a theoretical standpoint and will be practical as well. CC and HPTi will identify measures that are appropriate for all aspects of assurance and integrate these measures to form a coherent, comprehensive theory for measuring software system trustworthiness. Clear guidelines will be provided to the implementers and repeatable results will be obtained by independent applications of the measures. We offer a simple yet highly practical solution to the software trustworthiness measurement problem. It is summarized in this paragraph. Software trustworthiness should be a user-oriented measure. Software reliability is a user-oriented measure. The software reliability definition can be expanded to be applied to the software security and software safety domains. Our software trustworthiness measure will cover reliability, security and safety to provide an aggregate measure of the inherent risk of a software system.

DPRA, INC. 10215 Technology Drive, Suite 201 Knoxville, TN 37932
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(865) 777-3772 Mr. Ralph Alexander AF 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Timely Decision-Making for Logistics Support
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to conduct research to address problems of inadequate logistics support planning during the contingency or crisis action planning process. The current deployment planning process primarily focuses on the flow of forces into theater and sustainment planning is regulated to a secondary effort, or worse, as an afterthought. The Global Channel Analysis for Logistic Support (GCALS) tool will seek to effectively "optimize" and synchronize the flow of forces, equipment, and sustainment within the Combatant Commander's (CCDR) Operations Plan (OPLAN). Although logistics planning is considered in the overall planning process, there are some drawbacks to the current approach. The sustainment channel moves only sustainment and the forces channel moves only forces. As a result, each channel may have significant unused capacity, which can be used for a better-optimized deployment plan. By performing a channel analysis of second and third order requirements, GCALS will be able to optimize resource usage of available assets. This will result in a more optimized transportation flow for the OPLAN and save significant costs to the using customer. This proposal will research and define optimization strategies within a dynamic environment that focus on resource usage against resource availability.

JXT APPLICATIONS, INC. 2673 Commons Blvd, Suite 25 Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 306-5003 Mr. Scott Cone AF 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Timely Decision-Making for Logistics Support
Abstract:	Logistics planning has traditionally been treated as a support function to military operational planning, even though transportation options are a key enabler and limiter of any military operation. However, the need for greater mobility, flexibility, efficiency, rapid response capabilities and effective joint operations dictates a new approach in which deployment planning is better integrated into core mission planning processes. New technologies are needed to enable the rapid identification of feasible transportation options; enhance shared awareness of the commander's intent and available transportation options and constraints; and enhance collaboration among the supported and supporting commands. This effort focuses on improved algorithms for determining optimized transportation solutions in a matter of hours or minutes rather than days. Our solution will extend state of the art methods involving Tabu search algorithms and adapt them into a decision support tool that can produce more effective Airlift transportation solutions in significantly less time than current models. It will also incorporate human guidance and collaborative components in order to enhance algorithm performance, accommodate dynamic requirements and priorities, and facilitate shared transportation situation awareness. The resulting system will be a powerful decision tool that can be easily integrated into current planning processes.

DATASOFT CORP. 7669 S. Myrtle Ave. Tempe, AZ 85284
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 763-5777 Mr. Larry Dunst AF 07-072 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	End-to-End Performance Management for RF Networks
Abstract:	The needs of the future Airborne Network present unique challenges for performance monitoring, beyond the capabilities of conventional approaches: a fast-moving, dynamically adapting, heterogeneous RF network in need of real-time, end-to-end performance monitoring. We propose to research and develop innovative approaches that will help to ensure high quality performance throughout the Airborne Network. Our simulation study will indicate the approach most capable of operating efficiently, adapting to changing network conditions, and reporting accurately on current network performance.

SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP. 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9008 Dr. Michael O'Connor AF 07-072 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	ADMS
Abstract:	Systran Federal Corp. (SFC) proposes to develop innovative techniques for providing end-to-end (E2E) performance management in Airborne Networks. Airborne Networks are envisioned to play a critical role in establishing a new paradigm for network-centric warfare. Due to the dynamically changing topologies and time-varying link qualities of Airborne Networks, it is very difficult to ensure reliable E2E connectivity. We propose a novel management solution for Airborne Networks that is adaptive, distributed, reliable, and scalable. SFC has assembled a distinguished team to address these problems and to develop a solid approach to commercializing these technologies to COTS solutions that are deployable throughout the Global Information Grid. At the end of Phase II, we plan to have a pre-production version of our technology ready for immediate deployment in selected applications.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Joao B. D. Cabrera AF 07-074 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	RARANET: A Routing Architecture for Airborne Networks
Abstract:	Due to the characteristics of Airborne Networks (ANs), where end-to-end routes are not always available, current wireless routing technologies cannot be used on them. Similarly, new metrics are required to describe ANs accurately so that routes that use the ANs resources efficiently can be calculated. We propose to develop RARANET, a Routing Architecture for Airborne Networks, which will enable routing to be performed in ANs. It will be a flexible, modular architecture with interchangeable components so that the different Quality-of-Service traffic requirements of varying ANs can be met. We will study the metrics, such as Expected Transmission Count (ETX) or Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (WCETT), that can be used to describe the specific characteristics of links in ANs. We will also investigate new routing algorithms, such as multi-criteria routing, that utilize one or more of these metrics to meet the Quality-of-Service demands of the AN. Topology control and routing will be performed by Hazy Sighted Link-state (HSLS), a novel routing algorithm that scales with network size. It will also be responsible for disseminating Entity Capability Profiles (ECPs), data structures which contain a detailed description of the nodes' characteristics. It will also use disruption tolerant routing schemes to overcome connectivity issues caused by intermittent links. The routing architecture will be Link-layer agnostic to permit it to work with any technologies that can be found in an AN. BBN Technologies will serve as a subcontractor, providing unique expertise on routing in the wireless environment and support for prototyping in Phase II.

UTOPIACOMPRESSION, CORP. 11150 Olympic Blvd., Suite 1020 Los Angeles, CA 90064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 473-1500 Dr. Abhishek Tiwari AF 07-074 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Mobility Aware Routing for Airborne Network
Abstract:	Airborne network is absolutely critical for the information superiority of the US armed forces as it will form an integral and inseparable part of the global information grid. The link characteristics of the airborne network are very different from those of fixed internet and the terrestrial mobile ad-hoc wireless networks, which make the routing problem for airborne network a unique and challenging one. The nodes of the airborne network are highly sophisticated airborne platforms with precise control and have the capability to compute optimal flight plans in advance. We propose a mobility dissemination/mobility aware routing protocol suite which leverages the advantages offered by the computational and sensing equipment on board airborne platforms. In this proposal, we outline the benefits offered by the proposed MDP/MARP protocol suite over existing routing protocols for fixed internet and mobile ad-hoc wireless networks. We propose the development of an AirborneNetEmulator which captures the link characteristics and other issues pertinent to airborne networks, for testing, evaluation and comparison of the proposed protocol suite. We have provided preliminary simulation examples in this proposal to validate our methodology. The Phase I effort will focus on developing AirborneNetEmulator, MDP/MARP protocol suite and comparison with existing routing protocols.

EXPAND, INC. 5728 Major Boulevard, Suite 232 Orlando, FL 32819
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 351-1553 Dr. John Woodring AF 07-075 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Innovative Mixed-time Resolution Technologies for Integrated Discrete Event and Continuous System Simulations
Abstract:	The use of High-Level Petri Nets for developing executable architectures, and simulations of these architectures, has become increasingly more accepted over the past decade for several reasons: they are based upon formal mathematics that provides proven methods for their verification; they are relatively easy to learn and use; they can be used to describe asynchronous concurrent systems; they are supported by tools that simplify the process of composing and executing them. However, Petri Nets, as originally formulated in the early 1960s, did not include the concept of time. Since then, several extensions of the basic Petri Net methodology have developed to address timing; however, none meets all of the requirements for describing complex military and commercial architectures. The proposed investigation will identify a comprehensive methodology for describing timing and provide a strategy for implementing it in an executable architecture tool. Two specific timing problems will be addressed. Architectures that integrate communications and operations are difficult to describe and execute because these components evolve on significantly different time scales; therefore, a mixed-time resolution strategy is required. Many systems and operations are better described as continuous rather than discrete process, and thus cannot be well described by the current generation of tools.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Dr. Michael Graul AF 07-075 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Architectures (MiMoSEA)
Abstract:	KBSI proposes to develop a novel methodology and supporting technology to facilitate the verification, validation and quantitative assessment of DoDAF models for systems specification and subsystem integration using mixed-mode (discrete and continuous) simulation techniques. Currently, there exists a modeling gap between the DoDAF architectural specification and the mixed-mode simulation-based representations. We propose to bridge this gap by developing an intermediary mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Language based on Bond Graphs, Hybrid Bond graphs and Colored Petri Nets. These representations will then be used along with a set of user-specified execution goals to generate a mixed-mode simulation model that can be targeted to different mixed-mode simulation engines. Additionally, the representation will be amenable to the use of rule-based and automated reasoning techniques for qualitative verification and validation. We will elaborately document the Mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Architectures (MiMoSEA) methodology for model developers, strategic military analysts and systems analysts to develop, modify, validate, and publish DoDAF-based architectures that are quantifiably verifiable and validated and hence useful in DoD systems procurements.

FANTASTIC DATA LLC 207 Prospect Avenue San Francisco, CA 94110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 643-9555 Mr. Thomas Hammel AF 07-077 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Services for a Dynamic Wireless Airborne Network
Abstract:	The Department of Defense is planning to develop an IP-based Airborne Network (AN) to interconnect mobile airborne platforms with existing and planned space and terrestrial networks. Network services, such as, name to address translation, dynamic address assignment, and time synchronization are essential to the smooth operation of the internet and are normally provided invisibly by protocols such as, Domain Name Service (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and Network Time Protocol (NTP) respectively. Unfortunately, these existing IP based protocols are ill-suited for use in the airborne environment which is characterized by lossy and intermittent connectivity. We explore the use of shared information spaces to provide the fundamental coordination and caching of data for a novel implementation of DHCP and DNS. This new implementation works on the lossy airborne network because that is its natural environment.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5250 Dr. Leonard Haynes AF 07-077 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	An Integrated Robust and Auto-Configurable Network Service Protocol Suite for Wireless Airborne Networks
Abstract:	The envisioned Airbone Network (AN) is expected to provide seamless connectivity for operators and a large number of applications. All these applications require proper network service support, including auto-configurable addressing, human usable naming, and support for service discovery. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI), in collaboration with Prof. Dharma P. Agrawal at the University of Cincinnati and Dr. T. McAuley at the Telcordia Technologies Inc., proposes an Integrated Robust and Auto-Configurable Network Service Protocol Suite (IRAC_NSPS) to enable a variety of network services in ANs. The proposed IRAC_NSPS exploits existing technologies and makes them more applicable to the dynamic ANs. First, the network service functionalities are formulated in a distributed hierarchical manner, which improves the protocol scalability, reliability and robustness. Second, an auto-configurable address assignment approach is proposed to provide bandwidth-efficiency and robustness. We also adapt terrestrial domain name service to dynamic AN environments by adding dynamic configurations. The Logical Name System is also proposed to further enhance the robustness and efficiency of the name service. Finally, the service architecture generation and maintenance mechanisms as well as the service discovery protocol are integrated to mitigate the overhead due to the constrained-bandwidth nature in ANs.

PARIETAL SYSTEMS, INC. 510 Turnpike Street, Suite 201 North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 327-5210 Dr. John J. Fox AF 07-078 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Geo-Statistical Analysis, Modeling and Simulation for Behavioral Motion Patterns
Abstract:	The Air Force has collected a large repository of Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) data from a variety of sensors. This wealth of data offers an unprecedented opportunity to perform comprehensive statistical analyses of surface vehicle motions under a variety of conditions and to better understand the correlations between these vehicle patterns and operationally significant events. To date, a comprehensive analysis of this data utilizing modern time-series analyses and geo-statistical analysis based tools has not yet been performed against this data. In this research, we propose to perform this analysis with a specific goal of estimating the relationship between traffic models and various parameters of interest (including time of day, location, proximity to other events, etc). The insights gained into the statistical behaviors will then be applied as the basis for generative models to create a large-scale simulation capability suitable for producing scenarios several orders of magnitude larger in terms of both time and space than current capabilities.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 268-1249 Mr. Allan Corbeil AF 07-078 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	GMTI Exploitation Modeling: Deriving Behavior and Characteristics from Data Sets
Abstract:	TSC proposes to extend proven techniques that extract traffic parameters from GMTI radar measurements and tracks for input to mathematical models that characterize target behavior. TSC will adapt an existing MIT traffic model that has been developed to estimate the vehicle flow between specific origins and destinations from real-time sensors. Historical GMTI data will be incorporated using a fuzzy logic approach to supplement real-time, multi-sensor data to compensate for terrain shadowing and other sensor limitations. In Phase 1, TSC will employ our high fidelity GMTI radar simulation and military target / commuter traffic models to generate test data to demonstrate our concept. TSC will extract vehicle sources and sinks, estimate travel-time and determine route choices for a representative military scenario. TSC will also incorporate intelligence reports and other ancillary information to improve the models. In Phase II, TSC will fully implement and evaluate the traffic modeling approach, and apply it to collected data, as available. TSC will then process operational GMTI radar databases or other Air Force simulation scenarios to show its benefit to exploitation. In Phase III, TSC will customize and integrate our algorithms into an existing multi-sensor ground station for further testing and operational use.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center Parkway, Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Dr. Matthew McClain AF 07-079 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	AALF: Adjustable Adaptive Language speech Filter
Abstract:	The ability to efficiently process intelligence data is critical to fighting the global war on terror. A major source of this data is recorded speech. Therefore, the performance of speech processing applications (speech recognition and speaker identification applications, for example) depends on pre-processing to find the regions in the recording where speech is present. Although current methods have had success isolating human speech from interfering background noise, these methods have not addressed non-language speech sounds (NLSS), i.e., sighs, coughing, and backchannel sounds ("un-huh", "hmm", etc.). 21st Century Technologies (21CT) proposes Adjustable Adaptive Language speech Filter (AALF) as a robust NLSS filtering system that combines a signal processing feature extraction component, an adaptive machine learning mechanism that provides robustness to various input conditions, and a post-processing component that includes a user-specified detection threshold to tune AALF's performance for specific speech processing applications that follow. AALF will improve the generation of actionable intelligence by decreasing the cost of creating speech training databases and improving the performance of speech processing applications.

ADVANCED ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS, INC. 425 Oser Avenue Hauppauge, NY 11788
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 273-5700 Dr. Bruce Stewart AF 07-079 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Biologically Based Non-Language Speech Sound Detection
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the application of new acoustic processing technologies to automatically identify and eliminate non-language speech sounds as a pre-processing stage to improve audio processing. Non-language speech sounds make up a large part of natural human language use, but contemporary speech recognition data preparation relies on hand-labeling of non-language speech sounds. The proposed work will extend the capabilities of a computational model of auditory processing based on multiscale spectro-temporal modulation features to the automated detection of non-language speech sounds. Advanced Acoustic Concepts and the University of Maryland have extensive experience applying the computational model to a variety of sound recognition and sound stream segregation problems. One particularly relevant application involved distinguishing speech from non-speech sounds consisting of animal vocalizations, music, and environmental sounds. Using a sound database to be provided by the sponsor, algorithms will be trained and tested in a similar fashion to distinguish non-language speech sounds from language. Algorithms for exact segmentation of the sound stream will be designed and demonstrated.

DISTRIBUTED INFINITY, INC. 1382 Quartz Mountain Drive Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 825-8709 Mr. Samuel N. Hamilton AF 07-080 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	Current network defense tools and solutions focus on situational awareness within single enclaves without regard to network mission or multi-enclave dependencies. This perspective is insufficient for supporting military networks, where time-critical mission objectives must be supported regardless of network conditions. We propose to develop a real-time cyber damage assessment tool designed to allow users to see network conditions as they change from the perspective of how it affects mission, and quickly combat threats to network or mission effectiveness.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5275 Dr. Jason Li AF 07-080 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Integrated Graphical Models for Efficient and Practical Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	We propose integrated graphical models for automatic network attack damage assessment. Graphical models can be powerful in representation, analysis and visualization. The model development is divided into two levels. At the lower level, the focus is on network/system security analysis, and the unique graphical models we will develop are called attack graphs. State-of-the-art attack graphs are either extremely unscalable to be practical or too simplistic to be powerful, and they only support static security analysis. Our proposed attack graph model, in contrast, is scalable, practical, powerful in analysis, and can efficiently provide situational awareness, prediction into the future, and optimized action planning. At the higher level, the graphical models capture the inherent dependency relationship of applications on networks/systems, and of missions on applications. By separating the modeling process and introducing the interfaces for integration, our proposed approach enables independent graphical model development at different levels and at the same time ensures interoperability. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that supports dynamic security analysis and integrates different levels of graphical models for coherent enterprise-wide network attack damage assessment. The developed models will be implemented into an automated software tool to aid the administrators in normal and attack situations.

ZEL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 54 Old Hampton Lane Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 722-5565 Dr. James K. Williams AF 07-080 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	Zel Technologies proposes to provide a proof-of-concept prototype and demonstration of a system for mission-oriented network attack damage assessment and impact analysis based on top-down predictive analysis and modeling of potential effects-based adversary behavior. We will use results from application of the Automated Course of Action (COA) Modeling system, a Phase II SBIR effort, to represent adversary goals and objectives as enemy COAs with temporal information, observable manifestations and countermeasures for each enemy goal and sub-goal. This information will enable Command-level decision makers and subordinate organizations to determine the effects of network cyber attacks on the mission and organization. Without a developed science, discipline, or doctrine for Cyber Battle Damage Assessment, this approach may be the only method whereby decision makers can perform damage assessments and take prevention, response, and recovery actions to assure continuity of operations.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 663-9746 Mr. Andy Breeden AF 07-081 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Information Trustworthiness, Integrity Non-Language Speech
Abstract:	Securboration, working with Dartmouth University researcher Dr. Eugene Santos Jr., proposes the Semantic Integration Environment for Determining Information Trustworthiness (SIEDIT). The key barriers to effective information utilization is that analysts either use information with no underlying knowledge of its pedigree, or they disregard information in its entirety due to a lack of confidence in the data. SIEDIT will provide a formal basis for processing and validating incoming net-centric data to standardize information and verify information trustworthiness and integrity in a distributed computing environment such as the Air and Space Operations Center (AOC). Securboration's innovation is to employ a unique combination of models and technologies to standardize, weigh, and present information to the user to significantly improve the user's access to the right data and confidence in that information. User's can perform tasks more efficiently because they will focus on the data that matters most. SIEDIT uses a powerful Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) matrix algorithm that allows the user to rank the importance of structured and unstructured datatypes with respect to a specific task or situation. This information, along with quality and confidence metadata, is fed to a SIEDIT-created Bayesian Knowledge Base (BKB) that assesses data integrity and trustworthiness in real-time.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-7371 Mr. Tony Stirtzinger AF 07-082 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Advanced Self-Learning Ontologies
Abstract:	Securboration, Dartmouth College, and George Mason University has created a uniquely qualified team to develop solutions in support of self-learning ontologies. Securboration's innovative approach called Ontology Generation and Evolution Processor (OGEP) directly attacks the main barrier which prevents the self-learning of ontologies: the ability to understand the meaning of artifacts and the relationships the artifacts have to the domain space. OGEP leverages existing lexical to ontological mappings integrated with Securboration's proven Semantic Grounding Mechanism (SGM) and Semantic Processor Engine (SPE) resulting in an innovative approach to user assisted semantic-based ontology generation. Ontologies generated with OGEP will provide capabilities to discover and evolve semantic relationships breaking through the barrier that prevents self-learning ontologies. The team's extensive experience in ontology development will ensure the ontologies generated by OGEP will support automated reasoning within the fusion/uncertainty domain as opposed to ending up as a `paper' document on a shelf. Securboration is currently involved with JFCOM Joint Deployment Program Owner (JDPO) program office on developing ontologies to support operational readiness. The ontologies are leveraged in the service oriented architecture based "J3 Readiness Application", which provides an excellent program to test out the OGEP concept and provides a transition plan for the technology.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd., Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 738-6295 Dr. Stephen Kaisler AF 07-082 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Advanced Self-Learning Ontologies
Abstract:	This proposal proposes a system, CLEO - Collective Learning Environments for Ontologies, for supporting adaptive, self-learning of ontologies. It addresses three challenges: the design of an adaptive system, tracking lineage of new information, and ontology fusion. The system will implement a collective learning environment for developing new ontologies and extending existing ontologies. Collective learning harnesses the learning abilities of multiple learning cells organized topologically to conform to the natural meshlike structure of domain concepts. CLEO will be a rule-based system that will use rules to reason about new and existing concepts, determine relationships between them, and create or extend the mesh representing the problem domain's concepts. It will also track the lineage of new or refined concepts and their attributes as they are added to the ontology KB and provide for versioning and visualization of the ontology mesh over its evolution.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Mr. Steven Mercurio AF 07-083 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Intelligent Integration of Human Cognition into the Fused Reasoning Process
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I effort is foster human interaction with automated systems via a collaborative learning environment to benefit from the collective and dynamic knowledge of a team of experienced analysts. This will be accomplished by applying proven commercial collaborative learning technologies to the challenge of adapting and defeating the ever-changing tactics of today's adversaries. Collaborative techniques, such as collaborative filtering, have been successfully implemented in dynamic commercial environments with impressive results. For example, Amazon.com has implemented its own unique collaborative filtering algorithm which is responsible for an amazing 35% of its sales as a result of recommendations from other customers with similar preferences and experiences. With today's systems moving towards a Service Oriented Architecture, it will be possible to continuously communicate in real-time with a population of analysts that can provide valuable and timely feedback to allow an automated system to adapt itself to a constantly changing environment This effort will apply collaborative techniques to the challenge of Smart Data Association (SDA) using multi-INT sources which will allow the development of new Motion Pattern Analysis (MPA) techniques that will automatically detect and recognize both the known and evolving patterns of the dynamic adversary.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Alan Vayda AF 07-083 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Cognitive Fusion
Abstract:	Soar Technology is teaming with Lockheed Martin to integrate Lockheed Martin's IFS (Intelligent Fusion System) with Soar Technology's BINAH (Battlespace Information and Notification through Adaptive Heuristics) system as the base for the development of BINAH-CF (Cognitive Fusion), a cognitive fusion system that will capture and apply analyst knowledge for advanced data fusion tasks. BINAH-CF will enhance BINAH's visualization and data management capabilities with new capabilities for control of the IFS, integration of context data, capture of the analyst's knowledge, and modeling of the analyst's knowledge. It will leverage the analysts's domain knowledge and cognitive power to produce superior fusion results and will facilitate automation of some of the analyst's cognitive tasks through learning of knowledge-based algorithms. The system will be developed with a focus on data and tasks relevant to the Air Force. This effort includes both a basic research component and an integration component that will produce a prototype demonstration.

ALTUSYS CORP. P O Box 245 Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 878-4876 Dr. Lewis Lundy AF 07-084 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Situation Awareness and Impact Assessment for Cyber Network Defense
Abstract:	The work proposed under AF071-084 will investigate a new method and technology for solving the problems of situation awareness, cyber impact assessment, and attacker prediction. The new technology is couched in the Situation Management paradigm and is a variation of the case-based reasoning method used for situation assessment, assessment, and prediction. The work will follow the same architectural principles and evaluation methodology outlined in "Realizing Situation Awareness within a Cyber Environment" by Dr. John Salerno's team at AFRL. Salerno's paper describes three distinct approaches to Cyber Situational Awareness: (i) multi-entity Bayesian networks, (ii) a combination of finite state machines and hidden Markov models, and (iii) entrophy based on Information Theory. What is lacking in these approaches is an additional level 3 fusion technology that makes up for the problems of false positives, scalability, detection of complex attacks, and adaptability to new types of attacks. Current approaches are not inherently capability of solving these problems, but can be enhanced with level 3 fusion technology to overcome them.

WEBWISE SECURITY, INC. 1565 W. Valerio Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 563-4538 Dr. Giovanni Vigna AF 07-084 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	CORSA: A Comprehensive Toolset for CORrelation and Situation Awareness
Abstract:	Cyber-networks have evolved into a ubiquitous infrastructure, and the Internet has become a mission-critical infrastructure for governments, companies, institutions, and millions of everyday users. To protect mission-critical cyber-networks, it is necessary to develop technologies and tools that will enable situation awareness of the current defense status of large-scale networks. This includes assessing the impact of attacks and predicting future adversary intentions. To address these issues, we propose to develop a comprehensive toolset that will assess the system health and mission impact of attacks and will allow one to explore the possible impact of future adversary actions. Our toolset relies on innovative models for the description and management of asset information and mission data. We will develop tools to update the model data with timely information about the status of the assets and the missions. This information is directly integrated into the intrusion correlation process. By doing this, it is possible to determine how a cyber-attack could influence the ability of the infrastructure to support critical missions. Our analysis tools will also support "what if" analysis on the models in order to determine the impact of future actions of the attacker.

JANYA, INC. 1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-0401 Dr. Thomas L. Cornell AF 07-085 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Advanced Time-Stamping of Events from Unstructured Text for Battlespace Awareness
Abstract:	Current state-of-the-art in text extraction technology can associate a time with an event only if a time mention occurs in the same sentence as the event mention, or in an adjacent sentence with an overt temporal connective. This is a serious drawback because many events in unstructued text, including HUMINT, are not associated with explicit time information. A knowledge-rich solution entails using world knowledge resources with many levels of analysis (e.g., discourse parsing) in order to construct an Event/Time Network, which connects and partially orders all temporally related event mentions and time expressions in the document. This is unfeasible in the context of information extraction systems, which rely on relatively shallow structural analyses to rapidly process large volumes of text. As an alternative, in Phase I, we propose to develop a knowledge-light solution for automatically constructing the Event Network for an input document. By means of corpus-based empirical research, our goal is to identify surface features that may correlate with the presence and type of an event-event link. Such features may then be used in a machine learning approach or, where the correlation is strong enough, in the development of pattern-based solutions to the Event/Time Graph construction problem.

LANGUAGE COMPUTER CORP. 1701 North Collins Blvd., Suite 2000 Richardson, TX 75080
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 231-0052 Mr. Andrew Hickl AF 07-085 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Advanced Temporal Reasoning for Precise Time-Stamping of Events (ARTEMIS)
Abstract:	Our work in Advanced Temporal Reasoning for Precise Time- Stamping of Events (ARTEMIS) addresses two challenges faced by systems which seek to enhance analysts' awareness of event information. First, while today's text processing systems have greatly increased the amount of temporal information available from a document collection, most systems have focused on extracting only the temporal information that is overtly mentioned in a text. We demonstrate that our approach can acquire all of the essential temporal information associated with events. In addition to a state-of-the-art TERN system, we use a combination of approaches to acquire the knowledge needed to infer implicit forms of temporal information. Second, in order to take advantage of the explosion of temporal information that we will make available, event we will provide temporal reasoning capabilities which will allow event visualization systems to "make sense" of complex situations automatically. The cornerstone of our Phase I work will be a graph-based temporal reasoning component which can track changes in reference time throughout a document, estimate the duration of specific events, identify the likely order of a sequence of events, and compute an exact time-stamp for events which are not associated with overt time or date information.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 828 Fort Street Mall Suite 600 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Luke Joseph AF 07-086 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Antenna Array Structures for Composite Airframes
Abstract:	Described herein is a proposal for the design and fabrication of a novel, low-cost, low-profile nanotube antenna that can be conformed to the skin of composite airframe structures and potentially be integrated with nanotube active devices. Carbon nanotubes conformed to composite structures create radiating surfaces that can be configured as antennas and coupling these with nanotube active devices will create the potential for them to operate as reconfigurable antenna arrays with power combining capability. A customized nanostructure material with superior electromagnetic properties will enable high speed switching conditions to support embedded nanotube active devices. Conformal nanotube antennas replacing conventional antenna apertures mounted to the exterior of an aircraft will reduce drag and weight and could be reconfigured dynamically while still in flight to provide frequency coverage for multiple communication systems accessed through a software defined radio(SDR) like JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System).

RF NANO CORP. 232 Trafalgar Lane San Clemente, CA 92672
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 388-3582 Dr. Steffen McKernan AF 07-086 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Integrated RF Systems Enabled by Nanotechnology
Abstract:	The Phase I objective is to build and demonstrate a prototype AM radio at a carrier frequency of 1 GHz using an antenna made of dense aligned nanotubes and a classical diode as the demodulator.

ADVANCED MEDIA RESEARCH, INC. 3 Whitehouse Way Ringoes, NJ 08551
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 240-8196 Dr. Minkyu Lee AF 07-087 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Voice Transformation and Detection
Abstract:	Voice transformation is altering one person's voice such that it sounds like from another speaker. This can be done by mapping the voice quality and speaking style of the source speaker to that of the target speaker. In this proposal for Phase I, we will investigate state-of-the-art technologies based on the source filter model. For vocal tract modeling and mapping, we will test the linear prediction model and the harmonic noise model. For excitation modeling and mapping, we will consider using the LF model and sinusoidal models. For speaking style mapping, various intonation and speaking rate mapping methods will be examined for the feasibility. This includes various statistical models such as the CART, multiplicative or sum-of-products models. The transformation results will be evaluated using human listeners as well as automatic speaker identification algorithms. We will also investigate methods on how to detect when voice transformation software is employed. The final report of Phase I will include the recommended mapping algorithms and preliminary speech samples transformed using the algorithms. It will also contain requirements and specifications for the voice transformation system that will be implemented during Phase II. Finally, potential risk factors that may affect the performance will be described.

SENTIENT CORP. 850 Energy Drive Idaho Falls, ID 83401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 876-3100 Mr. Sean D. Marble AF 07-087 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Voice Transformation and Detection
Abstract:	Research into voice transformation has been ongoing for over twenty years. In addition, there are many commercial products available. There has been very little research, however, into techniques for detection of voice transformation. Furthermore, objective metrics for the quality of transformed speech - which could serve as a basis for the detection of transformed speech - are practically nonexistent. All discussions of the quality of voice transformation algorithms use subjective terms, though there is tacit acknowledgement that artifacts exist. This proposal describes research into the application of conventional signal processing techniques to the identification of the artifacts that result from voice transformation, and into the implementation of objective criteria for automatic blind-detection of voice transformation.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5241 Dr. Renato Levy AF 07-088 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Semantics-based Authorization and Access Framework for the Virtual Enterprise (SAAFVE)
Abstract:	Different organizations or groups may come together to form the Virtual Enterprise (VE). Information and data with the Virtual Enterprise resides on host computers that are geographically scattered yet comprise part of the IT of the VE. The members of one organization, when acting in a certain role, may have access to certain data categories that are owned by another organization. A new organization, such as a Coalition partner, may join a Virtual Enterprise for a specific mission. While network technology in general and the Internet and Web technologies such as Web services in particular are allowing Virtual Enterprises to come together and share data, the Information Assurance techniques that mirror the distributed, net-centric enterprise are not yet deployed. The issue is not simply to deny information access to members of one organization; rather, the challenge is to have the right people obtain the right information at the right time. We propose an innovative solution to this challenge, the Semantics-based Authorization and Access Framework for the Virtual Enterprise (SAAFVE). SAAFVE is comprised of Ontologies with which to annotate information stores, Policy instances, Meta-policy constructs, and User Profiles, associated support tools, and an agent-based implementation of the infrastructure.

MODUS OPERANDI, INC. 122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 984-3370 Dr. Richard Hull AF 07-088 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	WaveSPHERE
Abstract:	Recent initiatives such as the Knowledge Management Framework (KMF) at the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) of the AF Space Command seek to make data visible, available, and useable when needed and where needed. The KMF accomplishes these goals by federating data from multiple "silos" with an ontology model that unifies at the conceptual, business object level. While unification greatly increases user efficiency and productivity, it also comes with risks related to security. The KMF in effect creates a virtual enterprise where data is combined in new and unforeseen ways-thus providing an opportunity for unauthorized access to and/or misuse of information assets. The perceived value of the KMF to end users is directly related to the security of the information assets it integrates. Modus Operandi's proposed Wave Security Policy Harmonization, Enforcement, and Reliable Evolution (WaveSPHERE) capability will provide net-centric environments such as the KMF with a robust solution to security policy definition and enforcement in the virtual enterprise. WaveSPHERE will provide semantic-based security policy definition and enforcement at both the Community of Interest (COI) level and at the enterprise (multiple COIs exchanging information) level. The overall result will be reduced security risks when sharing information.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-7371 Mr. Bruce McQueary AF 07-088 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Policy Definition and Enforcement for Virtual Enterprises
Abstract:	Securboration, working closely with Dr. Raymond A. Liuzzi, creates a world-class team to develop the next generation of access control policy for information exchange across virtual enterprises. Securboration's extensive experience in ontological modeling, semantics-based policy enforcement, service oriented architecture, communities of interest, and semantic-based data integration position this team to greatly advance the state-of-the-art in access control policy. Securboration will leverage existing technology and previous and ongoing research in these areas to develop the "Semantic Policy Broker" (SEMPBro) with the key innovation being the use of semantic technologies to dynamically infer access control policy based on semantic meaning of integrated enterprise data. This approach overcomes the limitations of current lockout policies based on static data structures and ensures warfighters in a netcentric environment have expedient and appropriate access to information needed to perform their duties. As described in this Phase I proposal, and evidenced by endorsements from JFCOM (Section 5 of this proposal), Securboration is well positioned to demonstrate the advancements of this SBIR in an operational environment with immediate contributions to the warfighter.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 457-4244 Mr. Mike Luginbuhl AF 07-089 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	RPAT Technicians
Abstract:	Our adversaries understand the need to limit their exposure time to preying USAF eyes. The enemy hides, exposes only during the briefest of time and then hides again. As the enemy adapts to our technology and finds methods to minimize their exposure, the F2T2EA process had to be compressed from hours, to seconds. An obvious impediment to fast Time Sensitive Targets (TST) engagement is that aircraft must travel to and strike the target before it disappears from view. Just as important is the administrative delay in the kill chain. 21st Century Systems, Incorporated is pleased to propose to research and develop our concept RPAT Technicians that compress the F2T2EA timeline for support to near-instantaneous planning assessment and airborne weapons assignment for a team distributed in a ground control center and airborne control platform. Reactive planning against TSTs requires prior lists of "what-if" and "what-to-do" which will naturally accelerate the manual decision process. RPAT Technicians work inside the human decision loop to support the need for immediate answers. The technicians, at the high end, maintain engagement decisions for each target type and, at the low end, maintain an access list for immediate human input and direction.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 545-1478 Dr. Neelakantan Kartha AF 07-089 Awarded: 18APR07
Title:	Automating Planning Against TSTs via a Novel Combination of Ontologies and Rules
Abstract:	Effectively targeting and engaging time sensitive targets (TST) is an important part of modern warfare. However, doing so remains challenging because of the various considerations that go into deciding whether a given popup is a TST and whether to pursue it. Systems for supporting such mission-critical decision making are crucial in helping to decrease the time for decision making, and to increase the reliability and robustness of the decision making process. We propose an innovative system called Sentinel for helping support the human decision making process in planning against TSTs. Sentinel combines the technologies of ontologies and rule bases in a novel way to address the problems of representation of decision analysis and automation of decision support. In addition, it provides visibility into the steps of the decision making process and takes into account feedback received from the human decision maker. Careful consideration has been given in Sentinel to issues critical to user adoption, namely its usability and its maintenance over time. Phase I prototype development will provide a solid foundation for complete implementation in Phase II.

JANYA, INC. 1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-0401 Dr. John Chen AF 07-091 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Customizable Text Extraction for Warfighters
Abstract:	Current state of the art information extraction (IE) systems are able to automatically extract specific types of information object such as entities, relationships, and events, that are known to be relevant to a particular domain. In order for these systems to achieve state of the art accuracies, however, it is typically necessary for human experts to spend much effort in tuning the system for the target domain, whether it be in annotating training data or writing grammars and lexicons. We propose to investigate techniques to significantly reduce the amount of effort required by human experts in order to port an IE system to a new domain. The focus of our efforts is Semantex\texttrademark, a state of the art IE system. In particular, we will explore various approaches including bootstrapping and active learning in order to ease training of entity detection, relationship detection, and event detection without incurring a huge penalty in accuracy.

LANGUAGE COMPUTER CORP. 1701 North Collins Blvd., Suite 2000 Richardson, TX 75080
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 231-0052 Mr. Paul Aarseth AF 07-091 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	High-Precision Agile Active Learning for Domain-Customizable Information Extraction (HALCYON)
Abstract:	The dynamic operational environments in which Air Force users operate today require information extraction systems that can be rapidly - and easily - customized to new and challenging domains. In order to address operational demands for textual information, Language Computer Corporation (LCC) has developed a customizable information extraction system, known as CiceroCustom, which enables military and intelligence personnel to extract information from sources of unstructured textual information (including OSINT and HUMINT) quickly and efficiently. In this Phase I SBIR effort, called High-Precision Agile Active Learning for Domain-Customizable Information Extraction (HALCYON), LCC will extend the customizable information extraction capacity provided by CiceroCustom with a new framework which can be used to enhance the quality and accuracy of domain customizations performed by users. We plan to build an enhanced prototype which incorporates (1) an agile customization framework which leverages a novel paradigm for active learning, (2) a context-driven mechanism for customizing extractors to specific domains that allows for the incorporation of diverse forms of user input, (3) a novel method for integrating domain-specific knowledge into an information extraction system, and (4) a robust textual reasoning capability which leverages a state-of-the-art textual entailment system in order to reason about domain knowledge for extraction.

APPLIED KNOWLEDGE SCIENCES, INC. 652 Solitude Lane, Suite 100 Boyce, VA 22620
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 837-2969 Mr. Thomas Beckman AF 07-092 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Innovative Technologies for Knowledge Capture and Transfer in Space Systems Product Development
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to research and develop advanced multi-modal information technologies for knowledge capture and transfer that can feed a lessons-learned knowledge base for life cycle product development. In order to overcome the obstacles associated with current lessons-learned systems, the proposed approach shifts the current paradigm from the management of documents, to the management of knowledge. The new paradigm recognizes that knowledge is exchanged primarily in sensory-rich stories, conversations, and actions, rather than in documents. To accomplish this shift, key concepts, methods, practices, constructs/mechanisms, and technologies will be identified and developed. The approach provides a process for managing knowledge that will enable the user organization to capture, elicit, refine, create, share, apply, and discover knowledge before, during, and after each project life cycle phase. Tacit project knowledge, experience, and expertise are drawn from domain experts and senior practitioners, using multi-modal knowledge elicitation techniques and knowledge representation schema. Knowledge about performing everyday tasks, research and analysis, problem-solving, and decision-making is modularized, organized, and refined into re-usable knowledge "nuggets" employing a variety of modalities, making critical knowledge available in forms that can be readily accessed, shared with others, and applied to enhance mission performance and broaden organizational capabilities.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2458 Dr. Enio Velazco AF 07-092 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Aerospace Systems Knowledge (ASK)
Abstract:	The Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) has a large number of employees that are close to retirement. With their departure a great deal of expertise, wisdom, and institutional knowledge will be leaving the workforce. This loss could lead to inefficiency and higher costs in engineering the future of national-security space. A method of capturing and transferring this experience and knowledge to junior employees would reduce the impact of the departure of the experienced employees. ASK, the envisioned product of this SBIR, is a unique tool that will accelerate the training of junior employees by facilitating the transfer of knowledge from experienced employees even years after their retirement. The core of the tool is a knowledge framework based on topic areas within the aerospace systems design process that are known to affect productivity. Two interfaces will touch the knowledge framework: a knowledge capture interface and a knowledge transfer interface. The knowledge capture interface will systematically elicit the experiences and lessons of the retiring workforce. The knowledge transfer interface will allow the junior employee to access these lessons when in need of guidance or training.

FIDELITY COMTECH, INC. 2400 Trade Centre Ave Longmont, CO 80503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 678-8876 Dr. Robert Weaver AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Advanced Radio Frequency Monitoring for Wireless Network Security
Abstract:	In this SBIR Phase I Fidelity Comtech will develop an architecture and high level design for monitoring the RF spectrum directly using a network of low cost Software Defined Radios (SDRs) with phased array antennas. By monitoring the spectrum directly, we will be able to detect threats and interference issues that are otherwise not apparent using today's commercial wireless devices. To take on this challenging project, Fidelity Comtech has assembled a team of experts in RF signal processing, Signals Intelligence / DSP and distributed computing.

GIRD SYSTEMS, INC. 310 Terrace Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45220
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 281-2900 Mr. Bruce Hart AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Advanced Radio Frequency Technology for Wireless Network Security
Abstract:	Unlike a wired network, all communications in a wireless network is broadcast by nature, therefore prone to malicious attacks. Wireless information assurance (IA) is therefore of paramount importance to the healthy development of wireless technologies. Various forms of wireless information assurance and security measures have been proposed and implemented. They mostly rely on Layer-2 and above techniques only. In this proposal GIRD Systems proposes to develop and implement an innovative physical layer wireless IAS method and associated algorithms. By physically mitigating intrusion into a wireless network, this new physical layer method has the potential of achieving a higher wireless IA level. Further integration with the current and near future upper layer IA measures enables this new system to provide even a higher overall level of wireless IA.

MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 902-1434 Dr. Lang Hong AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	High Performance, High Security Wireless Network via Space Time Coded Carrier Interferometry Spreading Spectrum
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to design and demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative high performance, high security wireless network based on space time coded carrier interferometry spreading which is capable of unprecedented information assurance in military wireless communications. Specifically, a novel spectrally coded (namely carrier interferometry code) waveform is employed in current OFDM technology to spread the information across all OFDM transmission subcarriers. The spreading of the information over all subcarriers introduces frequency diversity and leads to higher BER performance in multi-path wireless channels. Furthermore, the information spreading equips the wireless network with an anti-jamming capability. Additionally, the carefully chosen carrier interferometry code combines the benefits of single carrier transmission with multi-carrier transmission and provides a much lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) than that of current OFDM systems. Most importantly, the carrier interferometry spreading is naturally integrated with permutation cypher and polyphase linear feedback shift registers stream cipher to provide RF watermarking capability and extremely high security to current wireless networks. The carrier interferometry spreading is also combined with space time coding and multiple input/output antennas to adaptively adjust the waveform design to obtain better information assurance in a dynamic environment.

DATA DRIVEN DECISIONS, LLC Technical Innovation Center, 20140 Scholar Drive, Hagerstown, MD 21742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 865-4058 Mr. Joel Penelon AF 07-102 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Scratch Repair Material for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Coatings
Abstract:	Data Driven Decisions (D3) will demonstrate the feasibility of using atmospheric pressure plasmas with novel chemical precursor systems to repair scratched indium tin oxide ITO surfaces. D3 will use the proven atmospheric plasma pencil technology it has developed. No vacuum chambers are required so atmospheric pressure plasmas are well suited for rapid repair of in service aircraft equipment. During Phase I, D3 will: 1) identify a precursor system capable of applying ITO to a surface using atmospheric plasma at low temperature; 2) optimize the application process to obtain the target electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and adhesion characteristics; and 3) demonstrate the repair of a 1" X 1/16" scratch on an ITO surface using the atmospheric plasma and precursor system. D3 will also evaluate the safety considerations related to the chemical precursors, plasma effluent, and potential application process hazards. The process developed under Phase I will be refined in Phase II to repair ITO scratches on real world aircraft surfaces by developing the needed plasma handling and robotics systems. An ITO scratch repair system based on our technology will eliminate replacement of expensive parts and improve the operational availability of Air Force resources.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Eric Gans AF 07-102 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Laser-Assisted Coating Repair
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Air Force need to repair scratches in ITO-coatings on aircraft canopies and lamp housings, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Laser-Assisted Coating Repair (LACR) system. LACR is based on the laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of coating thin films without the need for a controlled environment. The novel use of interchangeable focusing adaptive lenses and the new transparent layered repair patch (LaRP) enables the LACR system with its handheld Nd:YAG laser to quickly repair scratches to ITO coatings of a variety of shapes and sizes without the removal of the damaged assembly. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of LACR by repairing polycarbonate coupons with scratched ITO coatings, restoring their optical and electrical properties. In Phase II we plan to develop a self-contained laser assembly for direct mounting of the LaRP repair patch for quick repair of any damaged ITO coating.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1900 Bates Ave., Suite G Concord, CA 94520
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 798-5770 Dr. Mike McFarland AF 07-103 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Production of New Durable, Transparent Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is currently used as a transparent electrically conductive coating on aircraft canopies to provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic components. The problem with ITO is that it is relatively soft and scratches easily, requiring frequent replacement of the windscreen, leading to high maintenance costs and aircraft downtime. In addition, ITO is applied by custom equipment using extremely laborious vapor deposition processes, which are expensive, complicated to operate and tend to produce low yield rates. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a specialized process to deposit aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent conductive coatings as a replacement to ITO. The advantage of both AZO and IZO is that they have hardnesses that are significantly greater than that of ITO and are thus much more scratch resistant and durable than ITO. The deposition process that will be used in this project is much simpler and more forgiving than vapor deposition, producing higher yield rates and less expensive coatings.

ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 626 Whitney Street San Leandro, CA 94577
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 483-4156 Mr. Jason Wright AF 07-103 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Production of New Durable, Transparent Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings are used on the canopies of certain USAF aircraft for a variety of electromagnetic functions. However, the aircraft canopies suffer from short service lifetimes and must be replaced often because today's ITO coatings exhibit poor mechanical durability and scratch resistance as aircraft fly through rain and dust. The need for frequent replacements results in highly reduced mission capable rates. In Phase-I of this effort, Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation will use its highly energetic deposition technology to synthesize indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent conductive coatings with improved durability, while maintaining >80% transmissivity from 400 - 1200 nm and <25 ohms per square. The overall goal of this research is to extend the service life of aircraft canopies by tenfold over existing ITO coating materials.

JENTEK SENSORS, INC. 110-1 Clematis Avenue Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 642-9666 Dr. Neil Goldfine AF 07-104 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	NDE and Real-time Process Monitoring for Residual Stress Inducing Treatments
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the need for reliable quality assessment and real-time process monitoring for residual stress-inducing surface treatments. The Phase I effort will develop and demonstrate the use of JENTEK's MWM-Array eddy current technology for high resolution imaging and nondestructive assessment of engine components after Laser Shock Processing (LSP) and Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB), as well as after conventional shot peening. Also, for LSP and LPB, real-time process monitoring of subsurface stresses and other properties, using MWM-Arrays, will be investigated. MWM-Arrays and MWM sensors have proven capability to inspect complex components for damage and process quality. For example, the MWM is used at Air Force and Navy depots for cold work quality assessment of C-130/P-3 propellers. The MWM-Array has inspected over 3,000 engine disk slot inspections at a Naval Air Station and proved to be far superior to conventional eddy current testing and liquid penetrant. This Phase I will adapt this proven technology to deliver near-term benefits for post-process assessment, and will investigate real-time process monitoring for turbine engine components. Phase II will demonstrate a fully integrated solution suitable for production environments. The Phase I team includes LSP Technologies and Lambda Technologies, as well as a major engine OEM.

LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 718-3000 Dr. David W. Sokol AF 07-104 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Quality Control for Advanced Residual Stress Inducing Surface Treatment Processes
Abstract:	Since the inception of production processing of parts for improved fatigue life using laser peening, increasing emphasis has been placed on methods and techniques to assure that the correct stress wave was applied to the part to impart the desired residual compressive stress. There are no reliable NDE techniques which are generally applicable to monitor surface enhancement processes, so it is critical for high value parts to have a high level of real-time process controls and monitors in place. Currently, for laser peening there are several quality control measures in place to ensure the correct laser pulse energy, temporal pulse width, and fluence spatial profile are delivered to the process cell for each location on each part. A higher level of quality assurance can be obtained by employing sensors which detect physical phenomena associated with the actual delivery of the laser peen stress wave. By adding advanced sensors which monitor the laser beam interaction or stress wave generated, the probability of a substandard processed area would be greatly reduced. Several technical approaches to the quality control sensor problem have been investigated in the past and recently some new sensor concepts have been identified for further evaluation in this program.

3TEX, INC. 109 MacKenan Drive Cary, NC 27511
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 481-2500 Dr. Keith Sharp AF 07-105 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	CMC Structures for Exhaust Nozzle Components Based on 3-D Woven Preforms
Abstract:	In Phase I of the proposed program we plan to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing bladetrack components using an approach that will result in substantial reductions in cost and cycle time compared with conventional 2-D lay-up methods. The approach involves use of a 3-D fiber preform with the shape of the final component, produced by an orthogonal weaving process developed at 3TEX, which is then infiltrated with a pressure infiltration method developed at TSC. The processing steps are amenable to a controlled manufacturing environment with minimal adjustment by hand labor. The use of 3-D woven preforms is also the most reliable method for ensuring adequate through-thickness properties, allowing process control during manufacture, and eliminating delamination as a failure mechanism during manufacture or during component service. It also eliminates the risk of processing defects due to incomplete bonding between layers or lay-up errors.

EVISIVE, INC. 8867 Highland Rd. Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(225) 769-2780 Mr. Bob Stakenborghs AF 07-105 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Structures for Vanes and Exhaust Nozzle Components
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of a patented microwave scanning device as an NDE technique to be used in streamlining and optimizing the Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) manufacturing process. The scanning process (U.S. Patent numbers 6,359,446 and 6,653,847) utilizes microwaves as an interrogating beam to penetrate a dielectric material. This method has been used successfully in preliminary NDE studies of CMC components for jet engine vane and exhaust nozzles. This method is capable of providing a quick and accurate measurement of CMC porosity, which represents a significant time savings over the current Archimedes principle porosity measurement method. This investigation will be supported by a CMC manufacturing company (ATK) and a jet engine manufacturer (Pratt & Whitney). Currently, the parts are submerged in a liquid and the density is calculated using the weight and the change in water volume. The porosity is then determined as the ratio of the non-porous material density versus the measured density. This process is repeated multiple times during the manufacturing process, which results in multiple drying cycles for the part. Additionally, the method only measures "open" porosity and not porosity which is closed off from the surface.

ADIABATICS, INC. 3385 Commerce Drive Columbus, IN 47201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 372-5052 Dr. Philipe Saad AF 07-106 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Low Temperature Limits for Gas Turbine Engine Oils
Abstract:	Viscosity and low temperature lubricant characteristics determine turbine engine starting capability, and lubricant motion with respect to the contact surfaces at low ambient temperature. Low ambient temperature influences the oil viscosity and also the variation of its curve shape versus the low temperature. According to the aforementioned research method, the requirements for accuracy and reliability increase for predicting the work of contact surfaces (bearings) over a wide range of speeds, temperatures and loads. The purpose of this proposal consists of a complex study of physical and mechanical processes between the contact surfaces (bearing), which includes oil viscosity at low ambient temperature [-40 0F], shear stress, shear rate, friction coefficient, and oil film thickness, to develop a modeling tool and associated methodology to effectively and accurately determine the maximum allowable viscosity for engine oils. For determining the effectiveness of oil lubricity during the start up period between contact surfaces, and the influence of the low ambient temperature [-40 0F], we have to test different gas turbine engine oils under no stationary process. The no stationary process in particular start and stop has significant influence on the reliability and longevity of bearings under the low temperature conditions. Recording tribology parameters (oil viscosity, shear stress, shear rate, oil film thickness, friction coefficient, and wear) in this non stationary process requires a new approach about the classification of lubricants concerning their starting properties, and their allowable viscosity under low temperature conditions.

SPECTRA GROUP LIMITED, INC. 27800 Lemoyne Road, Suite J Millbury, OH 43447
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(419) 837-9783 Dr. Alex Mejiritski AF 07-107 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Rapid Cure, Environmentally Acceptable Liquid Shim
Abstract:	The combined need for performance, safety, as well as the requirement for zero VOC calls for an innovative approach for formulating a liquid shim resin that can be cured in less than 1 hour. A dual cure system hybrid system is proposed. A UV or near-UV visible light source will trigger a curing process by a free radical reaction. The parts will then be assembled (bonded) and an anionic process will continue in the dark until the final cure is achieved. The initial instant cure will cut the curing time but not compromise the final properties of the adhesive. Further acceleration of the anionic cure can result from subsequent photorelease of a second, basic species.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2317 Dr. Silvia Luebben AF 07-107 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Rapid Cure, Environmentally Acceptable Liquid Shim
Abstract:	During aircraft assembly, a liquid shim is applied before joints are mechanically fastened to make the joined surfaces fit tightly and to strengthen the joints. Current liquid shims provide excellent physical properties but typically require 8 hours or more to cure and 5-7 days to develop full strength. Unfortunately, this long cure time results in a bottleneck in the aircraft assembly flow. To remove the bottleneck, the U.S. Air Force is looking for a new liquid shim that cures in 1 hour and can be machined in less than 4 hours. Further, it is looking for a more environmentally friendly formulation. During previous work TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) developed a new shim curing chemistry that allows for a reasonably long application time (60 minutes), but short times to machinability (4 hours). The objective of this project is to use TDA's chemistry to develop a formulation that meet Air Force requirements in terms of curing kinetics and physical-mechanical properties of the cure material. TDA's formulation will contain no crystalline silica and no VOCs.

SOMMER MATERIALS RESEARCH 587 North Main Street North Salt Lake, UT 84054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 397-2000 Dr. Jared L. Sommer AF 07-108 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Novel High Temperature Geopolymer for Spall-resistant Pavement Materials
Abstract:	During the past couple of decades, there has been considerable interest and research in inorganic polymers ("geopolymers") for high temperature and for rapid-setting concrete materials. Geopolymers are manufactured by combining aluminosilicates powders with highly alkaline water through polycondensation. The resulting cured geopolymer exhibits high compressive strengths after only four hours of set time. Since geopolymers have no chemically-bound water that can vaporize and cause spalling, the inorganic polymers can be stable up to 1200oC. The mechanical properties of inorganic polymers can be improved significantly if the water content is minimized during mixing, while maintaining good workability of the cement. The proposed optimization technology, along with the use of superplasticizers, will allow the fabrication of low-viscosity geopolymeric pavement materials that will cure to higher densities and compressive strengths and show excellent spall resistance at high temperatures.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Dr. George Hansen AF 07-108 Awarded: 06JUN07
Title:	Pavement Material for Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Vertcal Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Operations
Abstract:	Joint Strike Fighter vertical takeoff and landing operations are expected to exert significantly harsher conditions on pavement materials than existing VTOL aircraft. It has been known for several years that during normal lift or landing, concrete has been shown to spall and age prematurely. A new, durable and low-cost material or design is required that can be used in place of or retrofit to existing concrete pavement areas specifically for VTOL training. TRI/Austin has developed an alternative design that will provide high thermal resistance and insulate the surrounding concrete pavement, and have a textured surface to provide traction for aircraft while sitting or moving on the surface. The idea will involve a top-level metal grate providing nonskid traction and allow liquids and lubricants to drain away from the wheels. Underneath this grate will be a stack of ceramic refractory insulating bricks to absorb or reflect the incident heat from the jet blast exhaust. The bricks will be spaced with gaps between them, and stacked in an alternating layer at least two deep, to allow space for thermal expansion and drain through of undesirable liquids.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Arthur Gavrin AF 07-109 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nickel-free Conductive Fillers(1001-030)
Abstract:	Modern fighter aircraft incorporate conductive materials to control radar signature and lightning strike resistance of the vehicle. The conductive materials are incorporated in chopped fiber, fiber mat, or woven form. Unfortunately, current conductive materials are in the form of a nickel-coated graphite fiber. While nickel has advantageous conductivity and environmental resistance, nickel is considered a hazardous material that requires extra safety and health restrictions. This impacts both the handling and the utilization of the materials. Triton proposes to replace the nickel with another conductive, environmentally resistant coating that does not have the safety and environmental issues of nickel. In Phase I, Triton will show the feasibility of coating graphite fiber with the alternative coatings. In Phase II, Triton will optimize the coating and qualify the conductive filler for use in LO materials.

HENTZEN COATINGS, INC. 6937 WEST MILL ROAD MILWAUKEE, WI 53218
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(414) 353-4200 Dr. Robert Chiang AF 07-110 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Zero Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	The solvent-based epoxy primers per MIL-PRF-23377 and urethane topcoats per MIL-PRF-85285 Type I are widely used on military aircraft. The primers currently are allowed to have a maximum volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of 340g/l and 420g/l for the topcoats. The solvents used in the coatings are the primary source for the VOC. Some solvents are also classified as hazardous pollutants (HAPS). The increasingly stringent federal, state and local environmental regulations restrict the VOC content of all the coatings used in all areas. Both military and aerospace are included. The objective is to study and identify fast cure and low viscosity resins/curatives for zero VOC epoxy primers. Also, attempt to use UV cure technology for zero VOC urethane topcoats.

RESODYN CORP. 130 North Main Street, Suite 600 Butte, MT 59701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 497-5229 Mr. Scott Coguill AF 07-110 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Zero VOC Coatings for Aircraft Grade Aluminum Alloys
Abstract:	The Air Force is actively pursuing a reduction and eventual elimination of the volume of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions generated during aircraft coating operations. Resodyn Corporation proposes the development of the zero VOC (ZCOV) coating system that consists of thermally applied engineered thermoplastics. The enabling technology will be Resodyn Corporation's Low Temperature Powder Coating (LTPSC) process which has the capability of applying low melt temperature polymers without causing thermal degradation. Preliminary testing demonstrates the ability to create adherent coatings while maintaining low temperature exposure to the aluminum alloy substrates. This technology has the potential for use in either aircraft repair, maintenance or manufacturing facilities. The process is environmentally friendly (i.e., VOC free) when creating protective coatings directly from dry powder. The process is intrinsically safe and does not depend on an open flame or flammable gasses.

INHIBITROL, INC. 19332 Rich Roy Court Parkton, MD 21120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 357-4962 Dr. J. Anthony von Fraunhofer AF 07-111 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nonchrome Corrosion Protection for Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Conductive coatings are required for military (and civilian) aircraft to control electrostatic discharge and provide protection against lightning strikes. These coatings, typically based upon polyurethane or epoxy polymers, rely upon silver, nickel, copper or carbon particles for electrical conductivity and are applied over an aluminum or composite substrate and a chromate-containing primer for corrosion protection. While chromate inhibitors are effective in reducing corrosion, they are toxic and the current trend is to replace them for health and environmental reasons. There is a need for nonchrome based primers that protect both the aluminum and composite material airframe substrates and inhibit corrosion within conductive coatings. Inhibitrol Inc proposes to undertake studies addressing these problems and to evaluate the use of tobacco extracts, comminuted tobacco leaf and dust as additives for conductive coatings since studies show these materials to be highly effective corrosion inhibitors. In some situations, tobacco extracts can be as effective as chromates in preventing corrosion but without the toxicity issues of chromates, as shown in independent toxicity studies. The use of tobacco dust/leaf has several advantages, including absence of toxicity, derived from a renewable source, low cost and demonstrated efficacy for many metals in a wide variety of media.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Dr. Fritz Fiedersdorf AF 07-111 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Nanocomposite Inhibitors for Corrosion Resistant Conductive Coating
Abstract:	Conductive coatings and adhesives are used on composite aircraft structures to control electrostatic discharge and provide lightening strike protection. Contact of these metal or carbon filled coatings with alloy components creates the potential for significant corrosion problems. These corrosion problems have been controlled historically with chromate inhibitor containing primers, but as these materials are eliminated, a need exists to control corrosion of both the conductive metal fillers and the aircraft structure in contact with these coatings. To address the need for improved corrosion protection of aircraft structures coated with conductive coatings, Luna will develop a tailored inhibitor package that mitigates the complex processes associated with the corrosion of these conductive coatings and aircraft materials. Luna has selected a nanocomposite compound as the basic platform for tailoring inhibitors specifically for this application. The nanocomposite can be intercalated with a range of anodic or cathodic inhibitors, permitting significant design latitude for engineering inhibitors that satisfy the application requirements. A further advantage is that the inhibitor release is moderated by an ion exchange process. Finally, these inhibitors are base on low cost raw materials and are amenable to existing production processes, so that these materials will be competitive to other commercial inhibitors.

AEROBOTIX, INC. 351-F Electronics Blvd Huntsville, AL 35824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 772-9035 Mr. Kirk McLauchin AF 07-112 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Automated Sanding of Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	Current survivability and engineering requirements for airframe platforms necessitate the automated application of numerous specialty coatings onto critical surfaces. One such critical surface is an airframes inlet duct OML surface. These specialty coatings have tight specification tolerances for the final thicknesses and surface finish. Sanding is required to meet the final thickness and surface finish requirements. The current process for sanding and masking is entirely manual, comprising 60-70% of the process labor associated with coating the inlet ducts. Coatings such as MagRAM (Magnetic RADAR Absorbing Material), which are typically highly loaded with fillers, require extensive sanding process time to achieve specification thicknesses for field areas and tapers. Due to the shape and geometry of the inlet ducts, ergonomics associated with performing the sanding process are substantially reduced, resulting in awkward operator positions, reach issues, inability to provide the best possible tool control, and others. Sanding processes and equipment need to be developed and tested to reduce the process time for coatings application. Robotic sanding of the multiple specialty coatings provides a controlled sanding process which can repeatably produce the intended results while reducing process time, labor, rework, and safety and environmental issues. A new prototype sanding tool can be developed which will incorporate force control, compliancy, speed control and vacuum recovery into a robotic end effector which can be interchangeable with other end effectors on the same robotic tools in use on existing systems.

MILLENNIUM DYNAMICS CORP. 5860 Bridgemont Place Acworth, GA 30101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 425-3338 Mr. Aaron Harcrow AF 07-112 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Automated Sanding of Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	A cost effective and low risk automated sanding system that utilizes an innovative and extensible system architecture for removal of aircraft coatings is proposed. Elements of the Integrated Product/Process Development and robust design methodology will be applied in a systematic and exhaustive qualitative and quantitative assessment to identify the technologies, architecture and design concept that provides the best solution to meet the automated sanding requirements. The basic elements of this system are: . multi-spectral sensors to determine coating thickness on various substrates, . industrial robot with precision movement control, . intelligent control algorithm, . sanding subsystem having interchangeable sanding tools, . coating containment system. The system will be cost effective and low risk by taking advantage of many commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components A proprietary control algorithm will provide communication and control between the several subsystems. Measurements of coating thickness and sanding logic will be demonstrated on test coupons fabricated from coatings and substrates representative of the subject aircraft.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. B. Matthew Michaelis AF 07-113 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Novel Automated Masking System
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for improved masking technology used in the aircraft manufacturing and maintenance facilities, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new High Speed Automated Arbitrary Masking (HiSAAM) system. This proposed device is based on an automated deposition of masking composition to aircrafts in the droplet form that allows for the precise targeting of nanoscale droplets on the protected surface. The innovation in HiSAAM technology will enable the system to apply masks of any complexity quickly, accurately, and with high resolution and can easily be integrated with automated coating applicators to provide masking and coating in one step. In addition, the novel masking material deposited with this system is easily removed once coatings have been applied with no residue left. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of HiSAAM by building a proof of concept mask applicator and demonstrating masking, coating and demasking. In Phase II POC plans to build a full scale masking head and demonstrate system accuracy, resolution, and speed.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. John Bulluck AF 07-113 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Masking Aides Technology
Abstract:	There is a need for new masking technologies for aircraft manufacture. Military aircraft have specialty coatings applied to the outer mold line. Maskants must be used for protection against tooling, and to avoid overspray and accurately meet engineering edge of part requirements. Current technologies are inefficient; for an advanced military aircraft, masking and demasking operations alone currently take 200 hours. Complex curvatures and ergonomic restraints further slow this tedious process. TRI/Austin proposes the use of sprayable temporary maskants that cure under ultraviolet light to solve this problem. The maskants can be applied to an area to be protected, cured within seconds by UV light, and cleanly peeled off by hand after use. The perimeter of the area to be masked can be outlined in tape where necessary. We propose to formulate maskants, test and optimize the physical properties and application properties, and develop a cure procedure to provide the Air Force with a broadly applicable new technology for the manufacture of its aircraft. Preliminary research has a yielded maskant that can be applied and cured in seconds, provides excellent surface protection, and is easily removed in seconds. This technology will significantly increase efficiency in aircraft masking and demasking operations.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-4760 Mr. Dan Xiang AF 07-114 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Calibration Standards for Thermosonic Nondestructive Evaluation
Abstract:	Laser shock peening (LSP) provides a means to the surface treatment for metals by inducing compressive stress, and prevents fatigue cracks on foreign object damage (FOD)-prone areas such as the leading edges of compressor airfoils in a modern gas turbine. While LSP is a mature and reliable manufacturing process, slight anomalies during the process or variations in material ductility can cause small subsurface cracks to form in the resultant LSP processed material. Most existing NDE techniques are not sensitive enough to detect these cracks. The emerging Thermosonic imaging technique has proven to be capable of detecting very small surface and subsurface cracks formed during the LSP process. To validate the test results and enable the instrumental calibration of a thermosonic imaging system for specific components, calibration standards with real cracks must be produced. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) outlines an innovative approach for the development of calibration standards for thermosonic NDE. The key innovation of the proposed approach is the calibration standard development process, including standard specimen design, real subsurface crack fabrication, calibration, validation, verification, and standard traceability, etc.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Pauline Paki-Amouzou AF 07-114 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Simulated Turbine Airfoil Calibration Standards
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for calibration standards for measuring small flaws in turbine airfoils during thermosonic nondestructive evaluation, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Simulated Turbine Airfoil Calibration (STAC) standards process. This proposed development is based on the laser shock peening technique and a simulated control analysis process. The innovation in the LSP process control for small flaw induction will enable STAC to reliably and repeatably produce high quality reference standards that could be used on any component where very small surface or subsurface flaws exist. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of producing calibration standards that will be validated by nondestructive evaluation and by simulation. In Phase II POC plans to further optimize the process and integrate it into a fully functioning platform that will include thermosonic NDE for defects validation.

E PAINT CO. 25 Research Road East Falmouth, MA 02536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 540-4412 Mr. Alex Walsh AF 07-116 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Ice-Phobic Clearcoat to Improve Aircraft and Pilot Safety
Abstract:	Ice-shedding clearcoats are proposed based on transparent materials having large solid-solid phase changes. Phase I develops candidate coating formulations and evaluates their performance as military topcoats for aircraft. Tests are planned to demonstrate concept feasibility. These include of elimination of ice adhesion, compatibility with current coating systems, meeting technical performance requirements for aircraft, as well as environmental friendliness. Phase II further develops those novel coatings for aircraft by characterizing service life and determining service life protocols of the developed coating on panels as well as actual aircraft surfaces.

SEASHELL TECHNOLOGY LLC 3252 Holiday Court Suite 115 La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 638-0315 Dr. Sheldon Schultz AF 07-116 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Novel Aircraft Anti-Ice Coating Material
Abstract:	Accumulation of ice on aicraft wings and structural elements is a significant safety concern during cold weather conditions. Monitoring of ice formation and subsequent removal also requires a large investment of resources and has negative environmental effects. The development of novel strategies to minimize ice accretion and removal time from aircraft would greatly benefit both civilian and military aviation industries. In the Phase 1 research program we propose the creation and testing of novel nanocomposite coatings that minimize both ice accretion and adherence to military topcoat surfaces. These coatings are designed as multi-functional composites for enhanced activity. A first component of the coating is a ultrahydrophobic activity to prevent ice droplet adherence and minimize adhesion strength. A second active component in the coating can depress the freezing point, or facilitate the removal of adhered ice. Coatings will be formulated and characterized for ultrahydrophobic activity, mechanical integrity, stability and water freezing point depression activity. The promising icephobic coatings will be further tested in static ice adhesion assays and ice accretion studies using an icing wind tunnel. This study will provide a foundation for field testing of icephobic coating candidates during the Phase II research program.

PICOMETRIX LLC 2925 Boardwalk Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 864-5636 Dr. David Zimdars AF 07-117 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	In-Process Cure Monitoring of Specialty Material Coatings
Abstract:	We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of a fiber optic coupled pulsed time domain terahertz (THz or T-Ray) instrument to measure aircraft specialty coatings during in-process curing. The method employed will be capable of measuring the complex dielectric constant and thickness of the coating during and after the curing process. We will experimentally investigate a polyurethane coating, and develop a method to predict the post-cure dielectric properties from the pre-cure measurements. The proposed method will be able to measure these properties on a wide variety of coating and paints. The T-Ray measurement process is suitable for both composite and metallic substrates. The reflection T-Ray sensor will have non-contact operation, with working distances adjustable from less than 1 cm up to 100 cm. Measurement will be real time, with waveforms acquired at rates up to 100 Hz. In phase II, we will construct an on-line capable prototype T-Ray coating measurement system, based on specifications determined in the Phase I project. The system will be tested under realistic conditions and delivered to the Air Force for field-testing. The proposed T-Ray reflection sensor will be freely positional, suited for hand-held use or mounted on a robot.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. Russell Austin AF 07-117 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	In-Process Cure Monitoring of Specialty Material Coatings
Abstract:	Radar Absorbing Material coatings are a necessary part of modern military aircraft. Such coatings greatly reduce aircraft radar signature, but there is currently no effective way to monitor the cure process, measure wet RAM thickness, determine the optimum time to apply the next layer or predict cured thickness while the RAM is still curing. Texas Research Institute Austin Inc (TRI) proposes to develop a sensor to make these measurements. The sensor will be developed based on a novel, patent pending dual waveguide millimeter wave system developed under a previous SBIR. The University of Missouri Rolla will subcontract, and Boeing and CAAP Co are supplying no cost support in Phase I. Lockheed and PRC-DeSoto have been briefed, and are interested in Phase II involvement. The proposed approach requires only a calibration sample, and no complex equipment (e.g. network analyzers) or data analysis. To change the type or thickness of the coating being monitored, simply change the calibration sample. The sensor is handheld, affordable, real time and operation requires little training.

MATERIALS & SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC. 5395 West 700 South Salt Lake City, UT 84104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 530-4987 Dr. Feng Zhao AF 07-118 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Low-Cost IR Windows and Lenses made from Polycrystalline YAG
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I proposal from Materials and Systems Research, Inc. (MSRI) and University of Utah (subcontractor) seeks to fabricate single-phase, polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a density greater than 99.95% and a mean grain size less than 1 micron. Polycrystalline YAG with these properties will have optical transmittance comparable to that of single crystal YAG in the midwave (3-5 micron) and long wave (8-14 micron) infrared windows. The high density and small grain size will be achieved by a fabrication route that will combine the following steps: preparation of a stable suspension of submicron YAG powder, forming a green compact by colloidal isopressing, and a two-stage densification by pressureless sintering followed by hot-isostatic pressing. The proposed fabrication route has two distinct advantages over conventional powder processing methods: (a) it eliminates microstructural inhomogenities that limit strength, durability and optical transmittance in conventional powder processing, (b) it eliminates a number of steps involved in conventional processing and leads to a lower cost. Research in Phase I will fabricate disks 100-150 mm in diameter and 3-6 mm in thickness. Measurements of fracture strengths, fracture toughness, and optical transmittance will be done by University of Utah under a subcontract.

NANOCEROX, INC. 712 State Circle Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 741-9522 Dr. Anthony C. Sutorik AF 07-118 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Transparent YAG Ceramics for IR Windows Produced from High Purity YAG Nanopowders
Abstract:	Nanocerox proposes to use our custom formulated, high purity yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanopowder for the production of YAG plates (100 mm diameter and 6 mm thick) with 82-84% transmission to demonstrate their utility as IR transparent windows. YAG is a high strength ceramic which, with proper processing, can achieve the optical quality required for this application. The challenge for successful development lies in that very narrow specifications of purity, composition, and processing must be strictly maintained for YAG to achieve transparency. Nanocerox has recently demonstrated its ability to overcome many of these challenges by repeatedly producing YAG ceramics (1~2 mm thick) with 82-84% transmission at 1000-3000 nm. This achievement was made possible by the optimized sintering of high purity nanopowder, prepared by Nanocerox's patent synthesis method of Liquid-Phase Flame Spray Pyrolysis. The optimized method produces YAG nanopowders with high purity (<200 ppm volatiles, < 50 ppm transition metals), uniform particle size (~ 40 nm average), and strict composition control (� 0.003 variation in stoichiometry). Our Phase I goal will be achieved through a series of specific technical tasks: (1) production of 4 x 2 kg batches of high quality YAG nanopowder; (2) processing trials at an interim size of 40 mm dia. x 6 mm thick to resolve key issues; (3) optical and physical characterization of trials to confirm the performance specifications; and (4) production and characterization of YAG parts in the final target size. Success in Phase I will set the stage for further Phase II development including establishing quality control on large scale nanopowder production; optimized sintering control for maximum physical properties; characterization of physical properties under extreme environments; and fabrication of larger prototypes under consultation with Air Force technical officers.

ALLCOMP, INC. 209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 369-1273 Mr. Wei Shih AF 07-119 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Compact Hybrid Liquid/Air Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	High conductivity (Hi-K) Carbon foam and Carbon-Carbon (C-C) composites are light-weight and offers the highest specific thermal conductivity (conductivity/ density) among engineering materials. Carbon foam and C-C have also been identified as ideal core materials for advanced high temperature heat exchangers achieving up to 50% weight saving. Under this program, we propose to design, fabricate and test hybrid full-size heat exchangers using carbon based material as the core materials for advanced Air-Liquid heat exchanger applications, such as hot fuel/ram air and hot air/fuel or polyalpaolefin (PAO) heat sink. Both fin-fin and fin-foam design configurations will be considered using either metal or carbon-carbon parting sheets. Technical issues, such as joining of materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion and leakage & sealing of C-C composites will be fully addressed under this proposed program. Heat exchanger core and manifold will be integrated with support structures. The heat exchanger will be fully tested, both performance and structurally in heat exchanger test facility.

MATERIAL INNOVATIONS, INC. 15801 Chemical Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 373-3070 Mr. James Calder AF 07-119 Awarded: 29MAY07
Title:	Affordable Manufacturing for Compact Hybrid Carbon Liquid/Air Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	An affordable carbon composite core and manifold heat exchanger will be developed for high heat transfer rates with zero leakage between high and low pressure streams. The design will incorporate ease of manufacturing with a scalable assembly process that is production friendly. This innovative concept will use prefabricated, emphasizing waterjet cutting, plate-based composites to create a plate/fin and composite fluid tube construction. End-cap manifolds will be compression molded composite. For heat transfer regions, composite materials will be pitch-based graphite epoxy with fiber conductivities nominally 650 W/mK with an option for fiber at 1100 W/mK in critical thermal designs. Low-cost carbon-carbon with unique sealing technology will be used for a fluid channels. Exchanger design will be applicable to both graphite/epoxy and laminate/woven carbon-carbon systems. The carbon-graphite/epoxy exchanger developed in Phase 1 will be suitable for inlet temperatures up to 350�F and 80 psi. Weight will be reduced by >40% with an increase in heat rejection relative to baselined designs. Phase 2 will expand the design for exclusive use of carbon-carbon when service temperatures exceed 500�F. Analysis will be used for optimization. Phase 1 will build and test a complete exchanger prototype that will establish the production path carried into Phase 2.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. Bryan Koene AF 07-120 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Appliques for the Assessment of Damage on Composites
Abstract:	Luna Innovations will develop impact and thermal damage indicator appliques for polymer matrix composites (PMCs) used in aircraft and support structures. This smart applique system will produce a visual signal in response to an impact or thermal event capable of damaging the underlying composite. This system will allow maintenance personnel to rapidly identify potential composite damage in the field without the use of expensive equipment or extensive training. Areas of damage highlighted by the applique can then be more closely inspected with traditional NDE methods to determine if repair is required. This indicator system is inexpensive, scalable, and will operate with currently used applique systems to show prospective impact and thermal damage. The technology developed on this program will decrease life cycle costs, reduce maintenance, and increase readiness by limiting equipment down-time.

NIMBUS TECHNOLOGIES 515 Schoolhouse Road Kennett Sqaure, PA 19348
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 444-2383 Dr. William Biter AF 07-120 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Magnetoelastic Fiber-Filled Appliqu� for Detecting Structural Damage
Abstract:	A new appliqu� is proposed consisting of a film filled with stress sensitive magnetic fibers. This film, applied over the structure, can be imaged to measure stress concentration and/or anomalies resulting from an impact. This would be a valuable tool to provide warning of structural distress/damage. This proposal will design the appliqu�, evaluate two different readout systems for measuring the strain measurements and select and demonstrate measurements on the selected approach. The appliqu� will use polymer filled with small diameter magnetoelastic fibers, with the readout made with either a microwave scanning system based on reconstruction of the stress sensitive dielectric profile or an inductive coupled detector, using the fibers formed into small loops. The Phase 1 will select the most promising of these two advanced readout techniques and also do preliminary experiments, primarily on fill of the magnetic fiber and required stiffness of the appliqu� so it can detect and remember the damage.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Dr. Adam Goff AF 07-121 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Nanocomposite for Electrically Conductive Structural Adhesives and Bolt Hole Fillers
Abstract:	Existing electrically-conductive structural adhesives utilize large amounts of silver particles to achieve their desired electrical properties. There unfortunately exists a limit as to how much an adhesive's electrical properties can be enhanced using this approach due to mechanical property degradation past a certain loading of the electrically-enhancing phase. It is therefore difficult to achieve both significantly enhanced electrical and mechanical properties in one adhesive system that cures within the desired time. Luna Innovations proposes to achieve this required electrical conductivity with enhanced mechanical properties (adhesive strength) through the unique dispersion of novel functionalized carbon nanotubes. Luna's approach is to use commercial off the shelf (COTS) epoxy adhesive/filler systems that are currently in use with the Air Force and disperse unique inorganically-modified carbon nanotubes within them using existing COTS dispersing aids. Promising systems will be characterized both electrically and mechanically.

MATERIALS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LLC 1321 Research Park Drive Beavercreek, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-4640 Dr. Chyi-Shan Wang AF 07-121 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nanocomposites for Electrically Conductive Structural Adhesives and Bolt Hole Fillers
Abstract:	This Phase I program will use metallized carbon nanofibers to develop a class of electrically conductive structural adhesives and bolt hole fillers to improve the electrical and thermal transport properties of organic matrix composite structures. Metallized carbon nanofibers have the beneficial large aspect ratio of the carbon nanofiber and high electrical conductivity of the metal. They can confer significant electrical conductivity to polymer resins at moderate concentrations. In Phase I, MRI will produce silver- and copper-metallized carbon nanofibers of varying metal compositions. The metallized carbon nanofibers will be integrated with structural adhesive resins to formulate the electrically conductive structural adhesives and bolt hole fillers. An initial screening test will be employed to identify the most promising candidate materials. More elaborate electrical, thermal, mechanical, and lightning strike characterizations will be carried out on samples of selected candidate materials to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology.

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Donald Bigg AF 07-122 Awarded: 17MAY07
Title:	Flexible Conductive Caulking Material
Abstract:	METSS proposes to develop a conductive caulking material that operates between -65�F and 250�F. The unique aspect of the proposed development will be the resistance to corrosion of the conductive filler and underlying bonded substrate. This corrosion resistant electrically conductive sealant will also resist exposure to common organic aircraft fluids and provide appropriate bonding to both aluminum and carbon-epoxy composite surfaces. METSS intends to impart corrosion resistance by the addition of selected additives that protect the sealant base from degradation caused by the presence of a metal filler, contact with a metal substrate, and contact with the salts in seawater. In prior programs, METSS has shown that this approach prevents deterioration of the conductive polymer integrity and prevents corrosion from developing in a conductive elastomer and adhering aluminum substrates. These protective additives are used in synergistic combinations and their exact nature and relative concentrations depend on the sealant base polymer and specific filler used as the conductor. Based on its previous work METSS has narrowed the selection process for the target sealants to a few materials.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Dr. JH Lalli AF 07-122 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Highly Elastomeric Metal RubberT Sealants with Superb Electromagnetic Integrity
Abstract:	NanoSonic has developed Metal RubberT, a revolutionary nanocomposite with bulk resistivity (up to 2 x 10-5 ∙cm) that can be repeatedly strained and maintain electromagnetic integrity. Unlike typical nanocomposites that require 20-80 volume % filler (Ag flake) or 1-5 volume % for carbon nanotubes; NanoSonic uses novel processing methods to achieve electrical percolation with <0.01 volume % of non-corrosive Au or Ag nanoparticles. Lightweight (0.98g/cc) Metal RubberT may be used as electromagnetic shielding sealants for the outer mold line of aircraft, soldering and durable lightning strike protective materials. The nanostructured yet macroscale materials are available up to 48" squares. Metal RubberT is not a conducting polymer or a sputter coated polymer film, rather a free standing nanocomposite formed by chemically reacting monolayers of nanosized components with advanced copolymers. Extremely durable materials result; provide maximum adhesion and EM shielding over a wide dynamic thermomechanical environment (> 1000 % strain, up to 450 �C, and after swelling for 7 days in harsh solvents). The proposed nanocomposites have demonstrated shielding effectiveness up to 70 dB measured from 250MHz to 18GHz. NanoSonic would work with Northrop Grumman on performance metrics, materials property evaluation for possible integration on aircraft such as the F-35 and N-UCAS.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. James C. Withers AF 07-123 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Material Fabric Systems for Construction of Advanced Life Rafts
Abstract:	Novel textile construction for inflatable components with exceptional puncture, cut, tear and abrasion resistance with high strength, light weight and low bulk for small volume storage which are inflatable and can be manufactured at low cost are enabling for a variety of defense applications. The goal is a significant improvement over state-of-the-art inflatable textiles that also eliminates cracking on exposure to hot dry environments for the fabrication of advanced life rafts. Hybrid multilayer composite textiles for space applications already meet many of the requirements defined for defense inflatable applications such as strength, puncture resistance, and absence of cracking under hot and dry environments. Modification of the hybrid multilayer composite textile developed for space applications to enhance robustness can readily meet defined requirements for fabricating seamed advanced life rafts at considerable weight savings. The advanced state of development of the hybrid multilayer composite textile permits conformation testing to demonstrate meeting requirements that provides the capability to also fabricate demonstration prototype inflatables during Phase I.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. Apoorva Shah AF 07-123 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Advanced Life Raft Fabrics (1001-050)
Abstract:	Triton Systems Inc proposes to develop new life raft fabric materials which is composed of nanoparticle filled outer coating layers laminated to a core fabric. The nanoparticle filled coating layers will provide improved abrasion and puncture resistance while providing exceptional gas barrier properties, while the strength will be provided by the nylon fabric. This technology, together with innovative seaming techniques is expected to yield a lighter weight life raft with improved durability and operational characteristics in hot/dry environments.

INORGANIC SPECIALISTS P.O. Box 181, 720 Mound Ave. Miamisburg, OH 45343
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 865-4491 Dr. David Firsich AF 07-124 Awarded: 16MAY07
Title:	Carbon Nanofiber Paper Composites for Lightning Strike Protection
Abstract:	The military's interest in replacing current lightning strike protection materials stems from a desire to reduce weight and cost, improve ease-of-repair, facilitate lay-up on contoured surfaces, and add the mechanical and shielding benefits of nanocomposites. We describe how this can be addressed with a type of carbon nanofiber paper that incorporates a limited content of nickel nanostrands. The two materials exist as an intertwined porous network within the paper, and this network can be infused with polymer as part of a layered composite structure. The key to achieving high conductivity in this system is a low-temperature sintering that connects the nickel nanostrands within the paper while leaving the overall paper flexible. The proposed effort will create large sheets of highly conductive nanofiber paper, and then use them to prepare composite panels that will tested for their lightning strike behavior. This is a collaboration between the nanofiber papermaker and a University of South Alabama research group with an extensive program in nanocomposites. The University organization has direct experience in converting nanofiber papers into nanocomposite panels, and they can provide mechanical, structural, and electrical characterization as well.

NANOTECHLABS, INC. 409 W. Maple St. Yadkinville, NC 27055
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 849-7474 Dr. Richard Czerw AF 07-124 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	High Conductivity Nanoscale Modification for Electrically Conductive Organic Matrix Composites
Abstract:	Traditionally, conductive paths in composite structures to mitigate the effects of lightning strikes have been established by bonding aluminum or copper mesh to the structure either as the outside ply or embedded one ply down or incorporating strands of conductive material into the laminate. For external surface protection, a number of metal and metallized fiber products have been developed, typically woven and nonwoven screens and expanded foils. These materials add weight, can corrode, and are difficult to repair. In this Phase I, NanoTechLabs will incorporate highly conducting carbon nanotube buckypapers into composite laminates for lightning strike protection. Buckypapers will save more than half the weight and are immune to corrosion.

BERKELEY MATERIALS RESEARCH 431 Linda Avenue Piedmont, CA 94611
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 593-1196 Dr. T. Calvin Tszeng AF 07-125 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Physics-Based Shock Spallation Prediction Tool for Laser Shock Processing
Abstract:	Fatigue life of aerospace components is greatly enhanced by planting compressive residual stresses or favorable microstructure in the shallow surface by various processing techniques, including laser shock peening (LSP). In some situations, there are shock-induced defects in the subsurface and other area in the component; spallation can occur in severe cases, particularly in think sections. These defects are very undesirable from the standpoint of structural integrity as they defeat the purpose of using LSP in enhancing fatigue resistance. Unfortunately, existing studies and models on the nature of these defects are very limited in predicting their formation and the eventual spallation. There are strong needs to circumvent the appearance of defects in a LSP processed components. The goal of the present SBIR project is to fulfill these critical needs by developing such physics-based computational tool capable of predicting the defect formation in LSP processed components, thereby significantly reducing the efforts required to develop a new LSP applications. The centerpieces of the tool include a FDM and FEM models for dynamic stress prediction and a defect growth model that accounts for the loading history in a LSP process.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-6232 Dr. You-Hai Wen AF 07-125 Awarded: 24MAY07
Title:	A Physics-based Model for the Prediction of Laser Shock-Induced Spallation
Abstract:	In this SBIR phase-I proposal, a physics-based modeling approach is proposed to predict the spallation in Ti-6Al-4V coupons induced by laser shock peening (LSP). Although LSP can dramatically improve the fatigue strength, life and resistance to crack propagation in materials and parts, small subsurface flaws due to spallation can be induced in certain conditions, which are considered extremely undesirable and may affect the full functionality of the particular component. No physics-based approach is available today for the robust prediction of LSP-induced material failure. Motivated by this knowledge gap, we propose to 1) establish a physics-based model for the shock pressure generated by LSP and 2) develop a nonlinear damage-based constitutive material model that is capable of describing the key physics associated with LSP spallation. By incorporating the models into the commercial nonlinear finite element code (ABAQUS), extensive parametric study will be performed on processing parameters (pulse input energy, pressure, spot size, duration) and coupon configurations (size, shape, boundary conditions) implementation includes modeling of the LSP-induced shock pressure. The results obtained will be correlated to the experimental data to establish a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among the process parameters, stress evolution, and material failures.

LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 718-3000 Dr. David W. Sokol AF 07-126 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop a Tool to Measure Bonded Joint Strength for Primary Load Bearing Aircraft Structures
Abstract:	To reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency, composites are being adhesively bonded into integral structural elements of aircraft at an accelerating rate. Once a bonded structure is assembled, there is no conventional NDI method available to assure that bond strength is adequate for service. The presence of weak regions in bonds can lead to disastrous failure of the structure under flight loads. Laser Bond Inspection (LBI) offers a practical solution to locating weak regions in laminate-adhesive bonds in aircraft structures. It is a local proof-testing method that applies a well-controlled dynamic stress to the composite structure, and senses the failure of weak adhesive bonds in response to the stress. The controlled stressing of the composite material has no effect on the material or bond if it is not damaged, defective, or substandard. In order for LBI to be widely applicable, however, advanced technology needs to be developed to inspect thick multilayer composite structures (0.5-1.0 inch thick), bonded structure with non-parallel surfaces (e.g., tapered flange to skin composite), and mixed material joints (e.g., metal-to-composite). The innovative aspect of the proposed SBIR Phase I program is to perform key experiments to demonstrate new LBI technical approaches to these difficult inspection problems.

SONIPULSE, INC. 4919 WINDPLAY DR, SUITE 1 EL DORADO HILLS, CA 95762
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 941-7600 Mr. Robert Cribbs AF 07-126 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop a Tool to Measure Bonded Joint Strength for Primary Load Bearing Aircraft Structures
Abstract:	This is a proposal to develop the technology to detect "kissing bonds" (adhesion bonds that are not broken but are well below design strength). The approach is to use a novel ultrasonic transducer that is capable of generating pulse amplitudes that produce strains just below the required bond strength. If the bond survives the pulse it is considered good. Previous work has shown the feasibility of this approach. The new approach sends an extended signal from a piezoelectric into a "broadband resonator". By selecting the correct input signal all frequency components arrive at the output in phase at some later time to produce a pulse of the required amplitude to break kissing bonds. A portable, battery powered system could be developed to handle a wide range of material thickness with hand-held transducers spanning a broad range of center frequencies. The experimental plan is to fabricate specimens containing bonds of various strengths, subject the bonds to pulses just below the bond strength, note any failures, and then test the strength of any intact specimens with destructive tests.

PICOMETRIX LLC 2925 Boardwalk Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 864-5639 Dr. David Zimdars AF 07-127 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Health Management of High Temperature Polymer Composites
Abstract:	We propose to investigate the feasibility of using time domain terahertz (THz or T-Ray) imaging to detect and map aging of high temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMCs) used in advanced aerospace structural systems. We will experimentally demonstrate the ability of T-Ray measurement and imaging to provide rapid, quantitative, non-contact measurements of aging behavior in neat resin specimens. This recognition ability will be further detailed into the separate measurements possible with a single T-Ray image: porosity, cracking, densification, spectroscopy, and layer determination. We will describe the accuracy of each of these measurements, and specify the critical design parameters for a lightweight, field usable instrument for composite aging characterization, based on Picometrix' commercialized fiber optic driven T-Ray non-destructive evaluation systems and components.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. John Lock AF 07-127 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Embedded Optical Sensor for the Health Monitoring of High-Temperature Composites(1001-036)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc., is responding to the need of the Air Force to develop a service life monitoring system for high-temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMCs) used in jet engine and exhaust wash structural applications. Triton will develop a high-temperature sensor to measure oxidation and signal composite degradation. We will validate the sensor performance with accelerated aging tests of HTPMC samples incorporating the technology.

APPLIED SCIENCES, INC. 141 W. Xenia Ave., PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 766-2020 Mr. David J. Burton AF 07-128 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Lightweight, Low-cost Insulation Materials for Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Future hypersonic vehicles are being designed to travel at speeds approaching Mach 25. At these speeds, the temperature at the exterior surface is expected to exceed 3000�F. Advanced materials are needed to thermally protect the munitions in the interior of the vehicle as current materials are too dense, difficult to join, too conductive, non-structural, too expensive, or not rated for these temperatures. New insulating materials that build upon current efforts at GrafTech International, LLC to develop graphite foams and work at NASA Glenn Research Center to develop aerogels are proposed, in conjunction with nanomaterials from Applied Sciences, to meet the Air Force targets for density, service temperature, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and cost. The new insulating material will be designed to provide structural support to the aeroshell. Also proposed is an innovative joining technology based on in situ polymerization of wetting monomers, a recently developed low-cost process capable joining carbon based materials, to address thermal and structural issues at the insulation / aeroshell interface.

ULTRAMET 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Mr. Victor M. Arrieta AF 07-128 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Advanced Foam Core Composite Insulation for Extended Range Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Hypersonic flight requires the development of insulating materials with a combination of thermal conductivity, density, and structural integrity that is beyond the capability of materials currently in use. In previous thermal protection system work for DoD and NASA, Ultramet developed a highly insulating and lightweight material by combining an open-cell foam skeleton with an ultralow-density aerogel filler material. The foam serves as an easily machinable structural reinforcement for the low-strength aerogel insulator and defines the shape of the component. The combined density of the foam/aerogel composite insulator is <0.07 g/cm3 (4.4 lb/ft3); processing is economical and is readily scalable to 2 x 2 x 12" thick flat and curved shapes. The material has a thermal conductivity of only 0.25 W/m.K at 2000�F and 0.8 W/m.K at 3600�F, and has demonstrated the ability to maintain large thermal gradients for extended periods. Equally as important for hypersonic vehicle applications, the foam/aerogel insulator has a use temperature approaching 4000�F, nearly 1000�F greater than conventional oxide-based insulators. The previous work has focused on enclosing the insulator within a free-standing structural shell. The potential exists to increase the strength and stiffness of the foam reinforcement such that it can be integrated with a carbon-based aeroshell, creating a load-bearing sandwich structure, while still maintaining acceptable density and thermal conductivity. In this project, Ultramet will team with Materials Research & Design (MR&D) for thermal-mechanical modeling and attachment design methodologies, and Ocellus for aerogel insulation processing, to develop and demonstrate a sandwich panel core insulator.

MIKRO SYSTEMS, INC. 770 Harris Street, Suite 104 Charlottesville, VA 22903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 244-6480 Mr. William Randolph AF 07-129 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Manufacturing Process Development of High-Performance Treated Honeycomb Core for Radar Absorbing Application
Abstract:	Current methods for manufacturing treated honeycomb core involve flow coat and dip processing of honeycomb core blocks. These processes yield low-performance parts due to limited capability to control process parameters and tolerances. Moreover, these processes limit the opportunity to incorporate edges with desirable radar-absorbing characteristics. Mikro Systems, Inc. (MSI) proposes to adapt its patented Tomo Lithographic Molding (TLMT) process to the manufacture of super-lightweight, intrinsically radar-absorbing, isogrid cores that will enhance system survivability, flexibility, and affordability. TLMT is derived from established, photo-lithographic technology; it is very accurate and highly repeatable (low variation). Each cell of an isogrid core sheet can be a unique architecture combining polymer matrix composite materials and secondary geometric features; e.g., chines and corrugations. Collectively, these cells can be arrayed in a global architecture that optimizes strength-to-weight ratio while creating a multi-frequency (including sub millimeter), electromagnetic camouflage scheme. This Phase I SBIR project will design, fabricate, and test materials systems, hardware elements, and a Technology Demonstration Article ( 2' x 4' x �" sandwich panel ) that will evidence Mikro Systems' capability to scale-up and control all desired performance attributes. MSI cores composed of conventional ("non-stealthy") materials and simple isogrid geometry have "dual-use" application in commercial products.

PATZ MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES 4968 Industrial Way Benicia, CA 94510
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(707) 748-7577 Mr. Nicholas Patz AF 07-129 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Manufacturing Process Development of High-Performance Treated Honeycomb Core for Radar Absorbing Application
Abstract:	Patz Materials and Technologies proposes to develop a new manufacturing method to fabricate treated core by a modification of their existing production process. Their unique process consisting of dispersing a conductive particulate into a resin system, impregnating that resin system into a reinforcement and then corrugating that reinforcement into a cellular core to create a multifunctional composite core. This is core specifically designed to increase survivability while decreasing weight in airborne platforms. The end result will be a production methodology in which the radar-absorbing characteristics of the cellular core material will be predetermined and controlled before the fabrication of the core. This production methodology will yield consistent core properties and can utilize new materials in orientations unachievable through the standard dip or flow coat processes.

AKRON POLYMER SYSTEMS, INC. 2990 Gilchrist Road, Suite 2100 Akron, OH 44305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(330) 794-6359 Dr. Dong Zhang AF 07-130 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop High-Temperature, Low-Humidity Aromatic Hydrocarbon-based H2/O2 Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Abstract:	The development of proton exchange membrane (PEM)(also known as polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cells has been limited by the availability of suitable membrane materials. In order to achieve acceptable performance at low cost, such fuel cells are required to work at elevated temperature and low (near 0) relative humidity (RH) for extended periods of time. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy has established performance guidelines for PEMs for automotive applications, which include a proton conductivity of 100 ms/cm under operating conditions of 120 C and 50 % RH. To date, no commercial PEMs or publicly reported PEMs can meet these performance requirements. In this proposal, general guidelines for the design of polymers for PEMs that can perform under even more stringent conditions have been established and used in the design of several series of polymers. A key feature of these systems is the use of proton carriers other than water. Another unique feature of a series of sulfonated polymers is their designed resistance to desulfonation at elevated temperatures. In Phase I, several of these new polymers will be prepared and evaluated. The overall goal of this work will be to identify one or two promising candidates for extensive study and eventual commercialization.

DAYCHEM LABORATORIES, INC. 970 Industrial Park Drive Vandalia, OH 45377
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 264-1000 Mr. Ram Sharma AF 07-130 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop High-Temperature, Low-Humidity Aromatic Hydrocarbon-based H2/O2 Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Abstract:	Development of efficient fuel cells technology, especially based on H2/O2 fuel cells as an alternative energy/power source, has assumed a sense of global significance. From the viewpoint of minimizing water management issues and to provide for fuel cells with a simplified design, high durability and reduced costs, there is an ever-growing demand for a new generation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that can operate successfully at temperatures > 120�C and at low relative humidity (< 25 %), ideally requiring no external humidification. During Phase I, this proposal aims at generating a novel class of PEMs, especially based on sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (SPBIs), with flexible linkages in the backbone. The premise is that, in contrast to the PEMs based on a relatively rigid heterocyclic polymer backbone, the flexible thermoplastic benzimidazole polymer backbone can facilitate the sequestration of the proton conducting domains more effectively, potentially increasing the proton conductivity to 50-100 mS/cm at high temperatures and at low relative humidity. Nanostructuring via the formation of PEM composites, incorporating ionic liquids and organically modified nanoclays in SPBIs, will also be explored in Phase I, from the viewpoint of enhanced hydrophilicity and proton conductivity of the PEMs.

ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 328-8302 Dr. John T. Kelly AF 07-131 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Compact and Reliable Burner that Operates on Military Logistic Fuels
Abstract:	Compact burners, capable of using a range of logistics fuels, are needed in support of fuel cell reformer systems. High efficiency, rapid startup and long term reliability are key criteria. Current spray burner and other designs