AF - 102 Phase I Selections from the 07.3 Solicitation

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102 Phase I Selections from the 07.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Ryan Kilgore AF 07-010 Awarded: 01/11/08
Title:	Four-Dimensional User-Defined Spatio-Temporal Enhanced Interface Technologies (FUSE-IT)
Abstract:	To effectively control the battlespace, AOC warfighters must rapidly perceive and understand complex geospatial and temporal relationships (e.g., the evolving 3D geometry of SAM-site threat envelopes, the potential for flight path conflicts over mission duration). Advanced 4-dimensional Common Operating Picture (4D COP) technologies are required to better support the cognitive challenges of these efforts. To address this need, we propose to design and demonstrate Four-Dimensional User-Defined Spatio-Temporal Enhanced Interface Technologies (FUSE-IT). FUSE-IT technologies will allow AOC warfighters to rapidly define, explore, and exploit battlespace visualizations that are automatically correlated in time and space. Two major components comprise our approach. First, we will use an iterative, work-centered analysis, design, and evaluation process to identify 4D visualization and interaction methods for the presentation and manipulation of critical battlespace information and meta-information. Second, we will design these methods to support the fusion and display of heterogeneous information resources through a single, rapidly customizable user interface. We will assess the feasibility of our approach by leveraging existing in-house, COTS, and GOTS components to rapidly design and prototype promising FUSE-IT visualization and interaction concepts. We will also design a plan for evaluating these prototypes with subject matter experts in a spiral design and implementation effort.

SONALYSTS, INC. 215 Parkway NorthP.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 326-3621 Ms. Margaret Bailey AF 07-010 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	User Definable 4-D Common Operating Picture (COP)
Abstract:	Sonalysts will demonstrate the feasibility of developing a 4-D Common Operating Picture (COP), the elements of which are user selectable and automatically correlated in time and space. The 4-D COP will allow the user to project forward in time and analyze possible outcomes of pending operations. This research will produce a design for a system that allows the operator at the Air Operations Center (AOC) to view, process, and affect the data needed to complete their tasking. The design for the 4-D COP will draw on Sonalysts' successful gaming engine and Flight TraXT operations control system to link geospatial and temporal perspectives in a coherent way, producing a system that improves AOC functioning.

THE DESIGN KNOWLEDGE CO. 3100 Presidential DrSuite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-4276 Dr. James McCracken AF 07-010 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	User Definable 4-D Common Operating Picture (COP)
Abstract:	TDKC proposes adaptation of their STEED environment to the air operations center domain. An existing 3D, 2D, and data visualization capability with service-oriented architecture capability will be re-engineered to provide the 4D COP functionality.

INTERSENSE, INC. 36 Crosby DriveSuite 150 Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 541-7603 Mr. Eric Foxlin AF 07-011 Awarded: 01/11/08
Title:	Participant Tracking in Immersive Training and Aiding Environments
Abstract:	Large volume, immersive simulation environments provide a compelling way to train and simulate operational systems. To provide realism to these training scenarios, tracking the absolute location (both position & orientation) of both the player under training and the devices that the player must interact with becomes paramount. In multi-user training environments, each player must also know the absolute locations of the other players for a successful training mission. In immersive Virtual Reality (VR) training with multiple users in a fixed environment, the absolute position and orientation of the head, weapon or virtual handheld devices (i.e. virtual binoculars) are not as important as resolution, latency and weight. For Augmented Reality (AR) training, the position and orientation of the display needs to be tracked accurately relative to the same world coordinate system in which objects in the environment are mapped. We are proposing autonomous tracking solutions that offer a wireless and networkable approach to instrumenting multiple players and devices in an indoor environment with minimal tracking reference infrastructure. Differing from Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) type tracking approaches, the proposed solutions will meet or exceed "AR-type" tracking accuracies of 0.1 degree in angle and 3 mm in position.

PROPAGATION RESEARCH ASSOC. 1275 Kennestone CircleSuite 100 Marietta, GA 30066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 795-8181 Dr. Jim Stagliano AF 07-011 Awarded: 01/22/08
Title:	Training Environment Positioning and Orientation System (TEPOS)
Abstract:	Propagation Research Associates, Inc., (PRA) proposes the Training Environment Positioning and Orientation System (TEPOS) effort to provide accurate orientation and position information for platforms (participants and devices) within an immersive training environment. Utilizing waveform diversity, polarimetric antennas, a distributed receiver system, with PRA's proprietary waveform processing and PRA's unique rapid estimation technology, the position and orientation is determined for multiple platforms simultaneously in real-time. Leveraging PRA technologies developed under previous SBIR contracts such as the Precision Pulse Positioning System, Precision Orientation System, and its proprietary Orthogonal Polarimetry technology, PRA will design a system that provides accurate position and orientation information of a platform in a completely wireless fashion yet add mere ounces (tens of grams) of mass to the platform. The advantages of this system are highly accurate position and orientation information updated in real-time, completely wireless between platform and imagery generator, each platform is uniquely identified allowing individual tracking in an environment containing many platforms, and mitigation of multipath fading thereby assuring optimum performance. Using commercial-off-the-shelf hardware, PRA will design (Phase I) and ultimately fabricate (Phase II) a low-cost, effective TEPOS technology.

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6324 Mr. Brandon Dewberry AF 07-011 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Participant Tracking in Immersive Training and Aiding Environments
Abstract:	We propose enabling a large-volume immersive simulation environment by fusing Time Domain Corporation's (TDC) ultra wideband (UWB) wireless tracking tag with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and magnetometer sensing. These tracking technologies integrated with a complementary Kalman filter will form the basis for a UWB/Inertial Navigation System (INS). The resulting system will combine the advantages of each technology to provide a tracking system with precise position and attitude sensing over a large, easily expandable measurement volume. Recent advancements in UWB tracking tags and small, low-cost Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) IMUs have provided a unique opportunity. TDC has commercially released a small, lightweight, battery power Real Time Location System (RTLS). Each cell of this system supports a warehouse of up to 2500 wristwatch-sized lightweight tags transmitting at 1Hz and utilizing coin battery power for over 4 years and provides wireless data transfer from the tag to the infrastructure. Integration of inertial sensors for expansion into high fidelity tracking markets is a logical next R&D step. MEMS IMU devices become smaller, more affordable, and more capable of precision attitude measurements. To support accurate position translation they require a synergistic external localization technology such as the TDC RTLS tracking system. A miniature UWB/INS tags will provide the best of both worlds: real-time precision wireless position and orientation with small sensors deployable to track multiple kinematic motions on many people in the tracking area. The Phase I will compare system requirements with the current state of the art capabilities; analyze various architectures and trade-offs for accuracy, distance, size, and power consumptions; develop, test, and evaluate a single fused high-speed RTLS/IMU tag; and provide an integrated system design and plan for follow-on development. The feasibility to be demonstrated is to meet the positioning requirement, tentatively 4cm for accuracy and 2cm RMS for precision that will feed into the development and construction of a testable prototype in Phase II.

ADVALUE PHOTONICS, INC. 4585 S. Palo Verde, Suite 405 Tucson, AZ 85714
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 790-5468 Dr. Shibin Jiang AF 07-012 Awarded: 01/11/08
Title:	Terahertz Source and Spectrometer
Abstract:	We propose to develop a fiber-based, high power, narrow linewidth, and tunable THz source to implement a novel THz spectroscopy system by leveraging our proprietary fiber laser technology. This proposed high power fiber-based THz source will be generated by using a nonlinear crystal based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) pumped by high power pulsed fiber lasers in MOPA with high repetition rate (quasi-CW), which will reach a high power of ~ 1 W, a widely tuning range of 0.1-7 THz, and a narrow linewidth of 50-100 MHz. This proposal will use an external power cavity to enhance the conversion efficiency of parametric THz generation. The spectral resolution for the proposed THz spectrometer can be better than 200 MHz due to narrow linewidth, frequency accuracy, fine wavelength tuning step, and low phase noise for the proposed fiber-based THz source.

ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 27 Industrial Boulevard, Unit E Medford, NY 11763
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 514-0315 Dr. Hans Bluem AF 07-012 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Terahertz Source and Spectrometer
Abstract:	High power, high frequency (100 GHz to 7 THz) RF sources can provide revolutionary advances in several militarily significant areas. THz imaging, spectroscopy and communications are important emerging applications. A THz spectrometer making use of a high power, tunable source would provide an invaluable tool for exploring these applications and the effects of THz radiation on biological systems. The goal of this SBIR is to demonstrate such a source, and its use in a spectrometer system.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Baolong Yu AF 07-012 Awarded: 01/08/08
Title:	Tunable Terahertz Source and Spectrometer
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for a terahertz spectroscopy system consisting of a tunable terahertz (THz) source, capable of generating energy from 0.1 to 7 THz with 1 W continuous wave (CW) output power, and a THz spectrometer with better than 200 MHz spectral resolution, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Tunable THz Source and Spectrometer (TUTSS). The proposed TUTSS is based on optical rectification of nonlinear chi^(2) medium for THz emitting and electro-optical sampling for THz detection. The system will offer tunable THz source energy from 0.1 to 7 THz at average power of 1 W CW output, and a spectrometer with spectral resolution of 150 MHz (25% better than the AF requirement). Innovative use of special crystals for the THz emitter and sensor will provide powerful and tunable THz radiation and detection. By varying the phase-matching angles of the THz emitter and sensor, the central frequency of the output THz wave is continuously tuned. In Phase I POC will determine the feasibility of TUTSS by designing and testing a laboratory breadboard prototype. In Phase II POC plans to develop, demonstrate, and validate the operational TUTSS system designed in Phase I.

DESIGN INTERACTIVE, INC. 1221 E. Broadway, Suite 110 Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 706-0977 Mr. Sven Fuchs AF 07-013 Awarded: 01/28/08
Title:	Integration of Psychophysiological and Performance Measures into an Adaptive Aiding System
Abstract:	To meet the challenges imposed on command-and-control environments by next-generation weapons systems and continued reduced manning efforts, we will develop the Proactive Aiding in Command and Control Environments System (PACES) - an automatic agent, informed by real-time data streams from the system, the mission, and the operator's cognitive state. PACES will use dynamic constraint-based task modeling to anticipate future mission state and operator functional state (OFS) ahead of time. An existing workload analysis method will be used to calculate expected operator load for the future task demands anticipated by the model in real-time. Given this information, preventive adaptations of the information display can be dynamically applied to avoid cognitive bottlenecks before they occur. In addition to preventive adaptation, PACES will employ physiological measures, specifically electroencephalogram and eye tracking, to assess the operator's actual cognitive state and mitigate problems in real-time. Physiological measures will provide input to an intelligent Soar architecture to derive OFS indicators and inform PACES when adaptive aiding is needed. The model may further analyze workflow history and operator's physiological and behavioral responses to system events in order to dynamically adjust and improve the predictive modeling component and mitigation strategies.

QUANTUM APPLIED SCIENCE & RESEARCH, INC. 5764 Pacific Center BlvdSuite 107 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 373-0832 Dr. Robert Matthews AF 07-013 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Integrated Adaptive Aiding System for UAV Control and Related Applications
Abstract:	Over the last two years, the proposers have developed both an advanced physiologic state model of operator functional state (OFS) and a human capacity/human performance-based human-in-the-loop model (HITLM) for an Uninhabited Air Vehicle (UAV). The outputs of these two systems are currently combined to produce a numeric measure of current and future operator readiness, but are inherently adaptable to produce other cognitive and performance measures. Under this program we will add to this system a suite of adaptive aiding routines that modify the UCAV operator interface in order to provide the optimum level of information to the operator, and to guide the operator to adopt the optimum cognitive strategies. Candidate aiding approaches will be down-selected based on extensive experimental evidence and our related experience. The existing combined QUASAR physiologic and HITLM outputs and the aiding mitigations will be jointly optimized as a single integrated system. In addition to a state-of-the-art OFS evaluation and prediction capability, the QUASAR team offers a unique wearable sensor interface that has recently been extended to full wireless operation.

SPACE HARDWARE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 923-9591 Mr. Bruce Meador AF 07-014 Awarded: 01/28/08
Title:	Care and Monitoring Evacuation Litter (CAMEL)
Abstract:	This proposal contains SHOT's R&D concepts for a "Rapidly Configurable Modular Litter System for use in Aeromedical Transport." The Air Force is currently using the old pole and canvas style litter from pre WWII for aeromedical evacuation. A variety of medical treatment equipment is haphazardly piled on, hanging from, or setting around the litter during transport. SHOT's Care And Monitoring Evacuation Litter (CAMEL) provides an innovative system engineering solution consisting of a barebones, ergonomic, rigid litter and a quick-mate/de-mate Patient Attending Kit (PAK). The CAMEL is a self-contained, structurally stand-alone litter capable of installing directly into a variety of evacuation aircraft and can comfortably transport the patient from the battlefield to stateside. The optional PAK is a modular, scalable treatment facility, utilizing SHOT's proven power management system, along with a consolidated control screen to eliminate redundant systems. The PAK can be customized to meet the patient's changing needs during transport with hot-swappable medical tool suites. Furthermore, all patient data is collected and transferred to a central Nurses' Station for upload in to the TRAC2ES system upon patient arrival. CAMEL provides the most cost-efficient upgrade path for the Air Force's aeromedical transport system with the capability to accommodate future medical equipment.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee HighwaySuite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7781 Mr. Michael Stoddard AF 07-016 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Architecture Methodology Integration
Abstract:	Almost all Air Force information systems are developed using a structured analysis methodology at all levels (i.e. system engineering, software design and code). The result is that the Air Force spends 70% of its software lifecycle costs on maintenance. The Air Force anticipates that it can save millions of dollars in maintenance cost each year by converting the structured-analysis code into object oriented code. Use of existing code converters to accomplish this task results in programs that do not take full advantage of the modular nature of object oriented code and does not achieve the cost reduction. What is required is a methodology and supporting environment that converts the available information at the system engineering level and allows for the traceability within the architecture and down into a new object oriented design from which true object oriented code may be developed and the cost reduction objective realized. A limited approach would be to performa straight mapping from structured analysis elements to object oriented elements. However this approach is not much better than the conversions listed above and is almost guaranteed to miss some important element of the structured model. In this Phase I SBIR Trident Systems proposes to apply its InterchangeSE technology in an effort to produce a more robust and complete object oriented model from structured analysis models. Trident will develop a mapping from the structured analysis model into a common data model based on the international systems engineering standard known as GEIA-927. A mapping will then be developed from the common data model to a new set of data that represents the object oriented model. Structured analysis and object oriented model elements will be considered to exist in different "engineering domains" thus allowing both models to coexist in the repository simultaneously. Traceability will be maintained and manageable between the two data sets. Also Trident will investigate the development of a "template" of relationships between structured and object oriented data so taht checks, and recommendations may be made as to the optimal structure of the object oriented model. Finally, Trident Systems will provide a means to share this data set with a wider DoD community by publishing mdeols and modules created in teh environment to an "Open Architecture Asset Repository".

WIZDOM SYSTEMS, INC. 1300 Iroquois AvenueSuite 140 Naperville, IL 60563
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 357-3000 Mr. Steven Kroll AF 07-016 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Architecture Methodology Integration
Abstract:	The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate new architecture methodology constructs for information systems to provide effective translation of structure architectures into object oriented architectures.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz AF 07-017 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Distributed Multidimensional Analysis of Battlespace Weather
Abstract:	Weather is a critical factor in the success or failure of a wide variety of military operations. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the weather and efficiently incorporate these predictions into operational planning and execution represents a significant advantage over any adversary. Weather situational awareness is hampered by the size of the data sets, particular as ensemble forecasting methods are used to generate statistical distributions over multiple model runs. To address the need for improved multidimensional weather data storage and access within the military decision making process, we propose to develop Meta-information-Enhanced Multidimensional Meteorological Online Repositories for the net-centric Enterprise (MEMMOR-E). This approach consists of three primary elements. To streamline data storage and dissemination we will design a parameterized approach to wavelet transformations for fusing raw weather data. To decrease the processing burden and speed up the analysis process within end-user applications/services, we will research and experiment with the latest multidimensional data optimization technologies, including coalescing and temporal and spatial cube blocking methods. Finally, we will design and evaluate a process that controls these optimization technologies by assessing the end-user's information and meta-information requirements and correlating those requirements with the data and meta-data available from sources.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Mr. Jeffrey Morrison AF 07-017 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	A New Approach for Distributed Multidimensional Analysis of Battlespace Weather using Dwarf Technology
Abstract:	We propose to leverage our team's critical expertise in weather data acquisition for weather effects modeling and innovative multidimensional database implementation to design a feasible proof-of-concept prototype that will demonstrate a revolutionary concept to improve incorporating weather effects within the air battle management process. Our design will include actual weather data and weather effects models, combined with state-of-the-art Dwarf technology, to generate real-world weather effects and efficacy metrics. Dwarf datacubes are orders of magnitude smaller than tradition datacubes even when they calculate and store every possible grouping aggregation while maintaining 100% precision (lossless). Our design will also accommodate the display of the weather effects using current mission planning system applications to ensure compatibility with the current air battle management process. The efficacy metrics will demonstrate the revolutionary speed, storage, and efficiency improvements due to the application of Dwarf technology to the required weather data, while FalconView will display the actual weather effects as tactical decision aid overlays. Our team consists of SSCI as the prime contractor and Dr. Nick Roussopoulos of Advanced Communication Technology Inc. as the subcontractor.

CODESOURCERY, INC. 9978 Granite Point Ct. Granite Bay, CA 95746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 331-3385 Mr. Jules Bergmann AF 07-018 Awarded: 01/22/08
Title:	Using Next Generation Processors
Abstract:	CodeSourcery will analyze homogeneous multicore systems (such as multi-core Intel Xeons), heterogeneous multicore systems (such as the Cell/B.E. processor), and special purpose multicore systems (such as Nvidia and ATI GPUs) to determine which characteristics of these processors determine how to provide high-performance implementations of fundamental mathematical operations such (such as FFTs and matrix multiplication). CodeSourcery will then determine how to modify the open-standard VSIPL++ signal- and image-processing API to take into account these factors to provide highly optimized versions for current and future multi-core systems. In Phase II, CodeSourcery will implement these approaches in Sourcery VSIPL++, CodeSourcery's implementation of the VISPL++ API.

IENTERACTIVE RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 16340 Sloan Dr Los Angeles, CA 90049
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 849-7411 Dr. Thomas Y. Yeh AF 07-018 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Using Next Generation Processors
Abstract:	The goal of this proposal is to provide better understanding and improve utilization of next generation computational resources for compute intensive systems. In practical terms, this translates to delivering tools to assist in selecting the most appropriate multi-core processor for different target compute problems and applying the appropriate optimizations. Due to the issues of increasing power (power wall), long memory latency (memory wall), and diminishing returns on exploiting instruction level parallelism (ILP wall), the doubling of uniprocessor performance has slowed from 18 months to 5 years. Instead of increasing clock frequency, the current primary method of increasing processor performance is to increase parallelism. Fortunately, Moore's law continues to provide more transistors per chip. All these factors point to the continued scaling of chip multi-processing into the future, where multiple processor cores are placed on-die. The chip multiprocessor (CMP) design space encompasses a wide variety of designs such as small scale homogeneous designs (desktop CPUs), heterogeneous designs (Cell), many-core application specic designs (GPU, PPU, ClearSpeed, SPI), and many-core general purpose designs (Larrabee and Tilera). This shift to multi-core processors comes with new challenges. The wide variety of designs utilizes different ISAs, memory models, programming models, and architectures. Different programming techniques and optimization strategies are required to optimize performance for the same problem across the spectrum of designs. Furthermore, the same application may require multiple implementations in order to compare across different architectures. The challenge from a system design point of view is to select the "optimal" processor design/s for each target problem and apply the appropriate software or system optimizations. One solution is to categorize high performance problems, the CMP architectures, and the available optimization techniques. Then, use this information to obtain optimal mapping of target workload to processor for system design.

MAXENTRIC TECHNOLOGIES LLC 2071 Lemoine Avenue Suite 302 Fort Lee, NJ 07024
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 272-8800 Mr. Houman Ghajari AF 07-018 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Using Next Generation Processors
Abstract:	Next generation processors attain better performance than existing microprocessors because the abstraction layers better expose the underlying VLSI resources (transistors, wires, pins, ...) and constraints (e.g., wire delay, power, ...). However, the management of these resources and constraints requires the development of more sophisticated hardware and software mechanisms, both to improve efficiency and to ease programmer burden. MaXentric believes the largest advances in the next decade of computer architecture will center around these mechanisms. Our vision is a tool chain of software support that helps the user parallelize applications from choosing the appropriate architecture to analyzing and profiling the application for potential re-organization and improvement. We propose one piece of this chain, codenamed PAMM (Problem-Architecture Mapping for Multi-core) that helps the user select an architecture for a given application and to make optimizations based on that architecture. Phase I efforts will establish a categorization of architectures and high performance problems, benchmark their relationships, and begin the design of the PAMM tool.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Ryan C. Marotz AF 07-019 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Organically Assured Routing System (OARS) for the Airborne Network
Abstract:	The Air Force has identified the need for an assured routing system for the Airborne Network (AN) that will protect the routing infrastructure from security attacks designed to disrupt the operation of the network. Subversion of the network routing function by attackers could be catastrophic for mission-critical applications running on the AN. This is because security attacks on the routing function could propagate misinformation within the routing tables resulting in misrouting of data packets in the network and consequent application failure. Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) proposes an innovative approach called Organically Assured Routing System (OARS) for implementing an attack-resistant routing infrastructure for the AN environment. The proposed Phase I effort will establish the implementation feasibility of OARS and lay the groundwork for a full-scale prototype (TRL 5 or 6) implementation of the technology in Phase II.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5209 Dr. Julia Deng AF 07-019 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Secure Routing in Airborne Networks
Abstract:	The envisioned Airbone Network (AN) is expected to provide seamless connectivity for operators in a large number of applications. All these applications require proper routing security support to establish correct route between communicating platforms in a timely manner. The truth is that not all AN protocols have built-in security, and these protocols are highly vulnerable to various security threats due to the inherent characteristics of ANs. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI), in collaboration with Prof. Jing Deng at the University of New Orleans proposes an integrated Secure Routing scheme for Airborne Networks (SRAN) in order to provide various security characteristics, such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation. The proposed SRAN approach exploits existing technologies and makes them more applicable to the dynamic ANs. First, we formulate a two-level routing security mechanism performed at airborne backbone and edge network layer respectively. In both layers, network dynamics are addressed. Second, a set of security mechanisms previously designed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and stable network (Internet) are extended to the domain of ANs, as we believe the AN shares some similarities with each of them. In particular, several mechanisms to reduce computational and communication overhead are specifically designed.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Dr. Maher N. Kaddoura AF 07-020 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	An End-to-end Hybrid IntServ Signaling Platform for Airborne Networks (HISA)
Abstract:	Transporting multimedia information over multi-domain heterogeneous and dynamic networks has significant advantages in both the military and civilian arenas. . In order for these networks to be efficiently employed, there needs for methods that can guarantee a minimum level of Quality of Service (QoS) for critical and real time data. This is particularly important for the airborne networks. In order to reserve a specified bandwidth for an application flow between nodes, Integrated Services (IntServ) QoS is needed. However, currently there does not exist a solution that can provide an efficient end-to-end IntServ signaling mechanism across airborne network environments. This is true because of the characteristics of airborne network environments and of IntServ signaling protocols. Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) will leverage its extensive experience in network technology to develop, evaluate and demonstrate an efficient end-to-end IntServ signaling techniques for airborne network environments.

MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC. 20 Burlington Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 359-9500 Mr. Wassim Ferzali AF 07-020 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	QoS Assured Heterogeneous Airborne Network Technology (QAHANT)
Abstract:	Mayflower proposes an Integrated Services (IntServ) QoS technology, the QoS Assured Heterogeneous Airborne Network Technology (QAHANT), to meet the Air Force objectives, namely, to design and develop protocols for providing Integrated Services-model (IntServ) Quality of Service (QoS) in an airborne network composed of heterogeneous network technologies. The proposed QAHANT system uses an open architecture Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) framework for heterogeneous airborne network operation. The QAHANT reservation function, implemented within this CRRM framework, enables IntServ with minimal signaling overhead. QAHANT protocols are designed to provide reliable reservation in a network whose nodes are widely varying in capability, capable of high dynamics and high-speed mobility. Provision for interoperability with existing QoS protocols such as RSVP enables end-to-end QoS for Global Information Grid, of which airborne network is one component. The proposed QAHANT technology leverages Mayflower's expertise in airborne networking, and builds on technology developed under several SBIR programs and Internal R&D. The QAHANT system, when proven feasible in the Phase I study for the Air Force application, has enormous potential for military and commercial applications. Mayflower will develop a cost effective QAHANT prototype system in Phase I and II, and ensure its commercialization in Phase III and beyond.

XPRT SOLUTIONS, INC. 615 HOPE ROAD, BUILDING 3B EATONTOWN, NJ 07724
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 460-9001 Dr. George Elmasry AF 07-020 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Reservation-based Quality of Service (QoS) in an Airborne Network
Abstract:	This proposal is to investigate IntServ signaling protocol options suitable to provide reservation-based QoS in an airborne network composed of heterogeneous waveforms. The technical objectives of Phase I are: to investigating potential IntServ signaling protocols  Aggregate RSVP with pre-emption  RSVP Proxy  Measurement-Based Admission Control to establish a simulation environment for analyzing potential algorithms to demonstrate analysis findings using simulation and provide recommendations The primary analysis simulation environment will utilize the OPNET Discrete Event Simulator. All three approaches will utilize the same basic framework, where the airborne backbone network is constructed as a medium fidelity representation, so that different levels of performance can be established, based on input from the Government sponsors. In higher fidelity, each approach will be modeled and analyzed as separate solutions and together as a total end-to-end solution. The results of this study will be used to produce final recommendations and serve as the basis for prototypes developed in Phase II.

ORIELLE, LLC PO Box 8922 Moscow, ID 83843
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 883-3816 Mr. Peter Mills AF 07-025 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Web Services Rapid Application Assistant
Abstract:	We propose to develop an intelligent assistant that enables the rapid creation and use of web services for the warfighter. We will design a web services toolbox, and a web-based assistant built on it, that extends public-domain interoperability technologies with capabilities for dynamic web service creation, tagging services and their history with semantic metadata, and browsing and invoking web services using client-side adapters. The assistant will incorporate a responsive JSF/AJAX web-based user-interface that guides novice users in the discovery and use of services. Such a web services rapid application assistant will prove of significant benefit for the warfighter.

TRAVERSE TECHNOLOGIES 4 Meadow Sweet Rd West Newbury, MA 01985
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 395-7766 Mr. Joshua Lieberman AF 07-025 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Metadata & Information Tagging Technologies for Application Interoperability and Services
Abstract:	Traverse Technologies will develop a WISE Toolbox in the form of an adaptive network of proxy servers, providing an integrating communications overlay, supported by a distributed network of infrastructure servers providing indexing, search, annotation (tagging), and collaboration/workflow support. The functionality will be modeled after search and tagging capabilities now in common use on the world wide web, and will leverage, where possible, existing open source platforms. Capabilities developed under this effort will be made available under open source licenses.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Mr. Daniel Tingstrom AF 07-026 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	WIRE - Web service Interface Revision Environment
Abstract:	Upgrading a service in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can be costly and inefficient. ATC-NY, together with Architecture Technology Corporation, will develop WIRE (Web service Interface Revision Environment), a framework and toolset to efficiently manage version problems in a large distributed network of services. To determine feasibility in Phase I, we will first create versioning support for WSDL, then implement SOAP web services which will use our WSDL versioning scheme, create translation components to translate old requests, and finally create a prototype management system to efficiently launch and manage a large distribution of services. To provide an easy look-up method for requestors, WIRE's toolset will also automatically update UDDI registries with new service versions and URI locations. In Phase I we will focus specifically on SOAP web services using WSDL interface descriptions, but WIRE will be designed to support a wide range of current SOA interfaces.

HARMONIA, INC. 1715 Pratt Drive, Suite 2820 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-5900 Dr. Marc Abrams AF 07-026 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Interface Design and Versioning Framework
Abstract:	Harmonia Inc., in partnership with Raytheon, will design, prototype, and demonstrate a technical and governance Harmonization Framework (HF) to design and version Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) interfaces. HF addresses a fundamental SOA problem: even though SOA may start with a coherent overall architecture driven by a business case, the coherency can be lost with poor service interface design compounded by erratic version evolution. HF counters with seven innovative components to coordinate the evolution of services providers and clients at design time, but also to allow clients to detect when a service provider makes changes unilaterally at run-time. The seven innovations are: design for extensibility and control via governance; a design decision tool to visually analyze the structure and behavior as well as validate the global impact of design decision points; a coordination protocol by which providers can propose, solicit comment, and roll out services in orderly fashion; registry-based version change notification to communicate changes; fingerprinting to detect when a provider makes a unilateral change; experimental exploration of change impact; and reducing the cost of up-front design for extensibility by providing guaranteed backward versioning compatibility through a chain of adaptors.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Benjamin L. Burnett AF 07-027 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Reliable Services for Continuity of Operations (ReSCO)
Abstract:	ATC will combine the fault tolerance and scalability of an Active Replication system with a dynamic Peer-to-Peer back-end to build a Reliable Services for Continuity of Operations (ReSCO) system. The ReSCO system will provide true dynamic automated application and service mobility while providing fast rollover of live systems. During an attack or disaster when COOP protocols are enacted, the network and the system need to quickly recover and allow for the transfer of critical applications to other sites and locations. By using Active Replication with redundant systems the transfer is nearly instant; allowing users to continue using the system remotely or locally, as needed. The ReSCO system will by built using application and service objects to provide service mobility and transfer, an Active Replication system to coordinate multiple redundant copies of services and applications, and a peer-to-peer back-end which will track and maintain the current state of needed services and handle the discovery and registration of resources to be used for dynamic allocation when needed.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 313-0177 Mr. Gary Aldrich AF 07-027 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Variable Continuity of Operations/Service-Oriented Architecture (COOP/SOA) Services
Abstract:	Continuity of Operations (COOP) has taken on new meaning in the 21st century with threats from terrorism, natural disasters and cyber warfare. The threat also extends beyond key personnel to Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence C4I. Prior to 9/11 COOP was a cold war relic that was focused on maintaining the government after a nuclear strike. Post 9/11 when the realization that terrorists could destroy significant parts of the government/infrastructure in a short space of time COOP took on new meaning and significant. On the natural disaster front, hurricane Katrina exposed the government's inability to maintain operations when the storm devastated New Orleans transportation, communication, power, and financial infrastructure. The cyber warfare threat is best expressed as "China's ambitions extend to crippling an enemy's financial, military and communications capabilities early in a conflict, according to military documents and generals' speeches that are being analyzed by US intelligence officials. Describing what is in effect a new arms race, a Pentagon assessment states that China's military regards offensive computer operations as "critical to seize the initiative" in the first stage of a war."1 The events described above have caused a major shift in the COOP paradigm to focus on C4I systems. Specifically COOP for the Air Force is centered on legacy stove-piped systems which are brittle and difficult to maintain. It's critical that techniques be developed to provide a systematic consistent approach to migrate the Air Force C4I systems to an agile SOA environment that will support COOP to meet the 21st century threats. As stated in the solicitation current (COOPs/SOAs) solutions are complex, inflexible and costly as demonstrated by long delays between failure and full restoration of critical operations. The fundamental issue is the inability for systems to separate out the meaning/importance (semantics) associated with critical processes from the application and physical infrastructure. This semantic separation will ensure critical processes can run on both unlimited bandwidth and constrained bandwidth environments on virtualized infrastructure. The operational process will determine which environment resources will be used based on the selection of the web service that will provide the semantic capability required.

KEY BRIDGE INTERNATIONAL, INC. 8000 Towers Crescent DriveSuite 1350 Vienna, VA 22182
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 413-3635 Mr. Jesse Caulfield AF 07-029 Awarded: 01/24/08
Title:	Proactive Determination of Networked Node Vulnerability
Abstract:	We propose the development of an open source, modular security software framework into which independently developed 3rd party modules may be loaded to establish, extend and enhance the functionality of the platform. We believe such a framework is unique in the in the marketplace, satisfies large unmet demand and will be well received by the existing information and network security user communities; including Government, commercial, academic and non-commercial users. Our proposed software system is designed to run as a standalone, distributable service yet can be easily embedded into hardened appliances. We employ artificial neural networks, principal component analysis and robust analysis of real-time network traffic flows to profile endpoints and applications and to discover abnormal and anomalous behavior.

REAL-TIME INNOVATIONS 3975 Freedom Circle, 6th Floor Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 200-4753 Mr. Joseph Schlesselman AF 07-029 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Proactive Determination of Networked Node Vulnerability
Abstract:	Real-Time Innovations (RTI) proposes to develop a proactive capability to scan network nodes for security vulnerabilities. This proposal will incorporate recent developments in Active and Passive network traffic sniffing, node management, Complex Event Processing (CEP), high-performance network data distribution, and data persistence. The proposed Phase I effort will focus on the integration of best-of-class real-time middleware technologies by RTI and its world-leading partners Coral8 CEP and ANTS high-performance database with open-source system monitoring and intrusion detection technologies such as Ganglia and Snort. We intend to provide a working prototype demonstration at the conclusion of Phase I.

FETCH TECHNOLOGIES 2041 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 245 El Segundo, CA 90245
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 414-9849 Dr. Steven Minton AF 07-031 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Consolidating Entity Information from Heterogeneous Text Sources for Multi-INT Fusion
Abstract:	Machine Learning has proven to be a useful approach for developing entity consolidation systems that can be tuned to a particular domain. However, the accuracy of learning algorithms often suffers in applications where there are "special cases" that learning algorithms systematically misclassify. To address this, we propose a new twist to the machine learning approach to entity consolidation in which a domain expert provides knowledge to the system about special cases. This knowledge enables the system to create models that explicitly handle these types of cases. In a sense, our approach combines the best aspects of machine learning with ideas from the older "rule-based" approach to entity consolidation. The objective is to take advantage of the statistical characteristics of data sets, while making it easy to create commonsense inference models that can utilize these statistics for high accuracy matching. We believe this approach will significantly improve upon the state-of-the-art accuracy of entity consolidation, particularly in applications that involve heterogeneous data, where special cases are more common. This includes applications where entity extractors harvest data from very different types of documents.

JANYA, INC. 1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-0401 Dr. Thomas L. Cornell AF 07-031 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Consolidating Entity Information from Heterogeneous Text Sources for Multi-INT Fusion
Abstract:	In this project we propose to develop technology for computing the similarity between two Entity Profiles compiled from text sources by an Information Extraction (IE) engine. The similarity computation is based on contextual information from the text and also on the full range of IE results (entity attributes, relationships and events). We identify several types of features across the spectrum between readily extracted but imprecise information and more precise but scarcer information types. A machine learning based classifier is used to integrate similarity measures across these information types into a single output that determines whether the two profiles are about the same entity and should be merged. The resulting similarity measures can be used to implement Name Disambiguation for entity profile merging and also user-initiated searches for entities most similar to a given exemplar.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. John T. Langton AF 07-033 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Attack-Centric Autonomic Detector of Insider Adversaries (ACADIA)
Abstract:	Most state-of-the-art cyber security systems focus primarily on detecting and remediating external threats and do not address insider attacks. Any user who can log into a network locally or remotely constitutes an insider on that network. Such trusted entities often have access to details of their network's infrastructure and security systems and can easily plan activities to subvert these systems. To address threats from insider adversaries we propose an Attack Centric Autonomic Detector of Insider Adversaries (ACADIA) that prevents insider attacks using multi-layered policy mechanisms, monitors insider activity using statistical and policy-based user modeling, detects insider threats using correlation algorithms, and responds to insider attacks using policy rule enforcement and data forensics via a multi-agent architecture. Our approach consists of a hierarchical collection of Bayesian belief networks (BN) for insider modeling, complex event processing (CEP) and prediction of insider attack; a configuration engine and cyber security architecture to support policy maintenance and accountability; a correlation engine comprised of statistical and BN learning algorithms for insider modeling, monitoring, and anomaly detection; and a network of autonomic agents to execute policy, aggregate network and host-based event data, and perform response and remediation.

DISTRIBUTED INFINITY, INC. 1382 Quartz Mountain Drive Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 681-3966 Mr. Allen E. Ott AF 07-033 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Advanced Insider Threat Detection and Response
Abstract:	Insider threats have become a major issue in the search to secure our military and global infrastructure. Insiders may already have all the relevant information they need to adversely affect the state and response capabilities of our defenses. Concurrently, insiders must be engendered with some measure of trust to effectively perform their duties. This combination of knowledge and capability make the insider threat more insidious and lethal than the generic attacker, who must expend time, energy, and resources to determine network layouts and vulnerabilities, and to gain access to the needed data and process capabilities on the network. Distributed Infinity will combine evolutionary algorithms for insider characterization with game theory for predictive tactical event analysis, and will utilize the Cybercraft environment for sensor data collection. This powerful combination will enable preemptive understanding of potential threat vectors including who is most likely to attack our networks, and how, with sufficient warning to take effective counter-measures.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2467 Dr. Georgiy Levchuk AF 07-034 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Monitoring MIssion MODels for Increased Mission Understanding (MIMOD)
Abstract:	Effects-based operations and mission-driven network management are becoming increasingly focused on leveraging "Command Intent." Arguably, the workflow of personnel can be linked to command intent, either by deriving command intent from the behaviors of personnel during missions, or evaluating workflow within the context of prescribed command intent. Although considering command intent within the context of missions is imperative, it is not easy to accomplish, as command intent and workflow are difficult to describe and require great effort to capture manually. Therefore, we identify the need for a system that passively monitors and models an individual's workflow. The purpose of this phase I effort, MIMOD (Monitoring MIssion MODels for increased Mission Understanding), is to develop a proof of concept application that will passively examine users' observable behaviors at their work stations (keystrokes, usage of resources, etc.) to create mission models of how they do their job. We plan to use a hierarchical, context driven, hypothesis testing approach to gathering data and constructing of the MIMOD models. These models will then be presented to the users in an effort to improve processes. The operators will also be able to augment their constructed mission model or comparison models when needed.

MILCORD LLC 1050 Winter StreetSuite 1000 Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 839-7138 Dr. Alper Caglayan AF 07-034 Awarded: 01/16/08
Title:	Commander's Learning Agent (CLearn)
Abstract:	Traditional decision aid software requires the manual input of commander's intent in the field, which is impractical as it requires an excessive amount of time to learn the various facets of the commander's job, and requires an unrealistic adaptation capability as the commander's mission changes dynamically in the field. Hence, there is a need to automatically capture the commander's current mission, augment with contextual knowledge, and assign priorities to resources supporting the commander's mission. Technically, this problem falls into the domain of interface agents with learning capability where the agent sits in between the user and application User Interface, passively monitors user behavior in the background, applies machine learning to discover the patterns in the background, and offers to assist the user in the real-time inference mode. Here we propose to develop Commander's Learning Agent (CLearn) that leverages an existing hybrid Belief network and rule base knowledge management architecture, and prior experience in building such desktop learning agents, and server-based Web personalization agents. While CLearn is relevant to many applications, including information security management, we describe our approach in the context of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace support for planning, operations, and assessment missions in Air and Space Operation Centers.

CALDERA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 3491 Trinity Drive, Suite B Los Alamos, NM 87544
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 412-2345 Dr. Benjamin Warner AF 07-035 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Biomolecular Taggants for Covert Tracking and Watermarking
Abstract:	Caldera will use its R&D 100 award-winning XRpro technologyto develop functional biomolecular taggants for Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear/Explosive (CBRNE) targets. These taggants will possess functionality which will allow networks of interpersonal connections and travel to be determined, and will allow CBRNE MASINT to be tracked at a distance. Main features of these synthetic protein taggants are selectivity and affinity for CBRNE signature molecules and biomolecules, and optical reporting functionality.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Ms. Heather Kauth AF 07-035 Awarded: 01/17/08
Title:	Biomolecular Taggants for Covert Tracking and Watermarking
Abstract:	Tracking of nuclear materials, military ordnance, and chemical and biological threat agents presents a significant challenge to the intelligence and military communities. The proliferation of non-tracked, illegally trafficked nuclear materials in particular has sparked considerable debate and is a cause for concern on the international stage. An effective system must be covert and ubiquitous; while encoding complex interaction information and supplying distinct identification of individual materials and material lots. In this Phase I SBIR proposal, Infoscitex proposes the use of a synthetic DNA-based taggant entrapped in a sol-gel material with attributes allowing for covert and secure labeling. This proposed material can be created using a combination of current technologies integrated into a novel detection and labeling system that is robust and covert.

MATERIAL INNOVATIONS, INC. 15801 Chemical Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 373-3070 Mr. Chuck Thaw AF 07-037 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Novel High Power Microwave (HPM) Hardening Materials for Aircraft, Ground, & Space Systems
Abstract:	An affordable conformal coating technology that provides broad band electromagnetic immunity through high EMI shielding effectiveness and low electrical faying resistance will be developed for sensitive avionics enclosures, and for shelters. The coating chemistry and application procedure will insure for simplicity with a scalable dispensation process that is production friendly. The conformal shielding coating will exhibit an average shielding effectiveness greater than 60 db over a 100 MHz to over 20 GHz range with attenuation levels greatly exceeding 80db at specific frequency spectra. The solution will leverage from current particulate coating developments at MII combined with the inclusion of nano-based metallic fillers. The synergistic effect of tailoring particulate morphology combined with interstitial nano-filling results in a coating system that is tunable to specific system needs. This has been demonstrated through preliminary shielding effectiveness tests and cursory environmental testing. This program will further develop this technology and refine performance to meet specific DoD system requirements. Analysis combined with laboratory measurements will be used for optimization. Application technologies will focus on spray deposition, demonstration of dip processing, and integration with prepreg composite lamina as alternative approaches. Phase 1 will develop performance data that will establish the production path carried into Phase 2.

METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES CO. P.O. Box 356 Midway, UT 84049
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(435) 654-3683 Mr. George Hansen AF 07-037 Awarded: 01/04/08
Title:	Advances in High Power Microwave (HPM) Hardening Materials
Abstract:	A class of conformal coatings, composites and elastomers capable of shielding high power microwaves (HPM) is proposed. Based on nickel nanostrand technology, these coatings, composites and elastomers will extend both the frequency breadth and decibel depth of protection against HPM and other electromagnetic interference phenomena.

DIRECTED VAPOR TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC. 2 Boar's Head Lane Charlottesville, VA 22903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 977-1405 Dr. Derek D. Hass AF 07-038 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Surface Processing for Enhanced Environmental and Creep-Fatigue Resistance
Abstract:	The ongoing drive to increase the performance and efficiency of propulsion systems has led to increasingly severe operating environments, particularly for the components in the hot sections of turbine engines. One potential life-limiting area of future engines is the turbine disk where significant dwell fatigue may occur if engine temperatures are elevated. The mechanism for this reduction is not fully clear but is related to effects of grain boundary creep and surface oxidation / corrosion. The study proposed here will seek to develop advanced surface chemistry and modification techniques for the nickel-base superalloys used for turbine disks to limit dwell fatigue damage and promote higher operating temperatures in the engine. Key factors that will be studied include: (i) computational approaches to designing novel coating compositions that exhibit minimal interdiffusion and hence excellent compatibility with the substrate owing to chemical activity matching; (ii) the deposition, oxidation and compatibility testing of selected compositions; and (iii) the deposition of selected coated systems. Preliminary mechanical testing of the coated systems will be carried out. A targeted significant outcome of this study is the establishment of novel and cost-effective surface modifications that confer greatly improved component reliability and durability.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Dr. J. H. Lalli AF 07-039 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Highly Deformable Electrically Self-Healing Metal RubberT Skins for Morphing UAVs
Abstract:	NanoSonic has developed Metal RubberT, a highly electrically conductive nanocomposite with tailored surface resistivity (as low as 0.2 /) that can be repeatedly strained to greater than 1000% while maintaining electromagnetic integrity. Unlike typical dense, brittle nanocomposites that require up to 80 volume % filler; NanoSonic employs an elegant layered processing technique to achieve electrical percolation with <0.01 volume % of non-oxidizing metal nanoparticles. Lightweight (0.98g/cc) Metal RubberT is not a conducting polymer or a sputter coated polymer film, rather a free standing nanocomposite formed in-situ by chemically reacting monolayers of well defined electrically conductive nanostructured constituents with high performance copolymers. Durable elastomeric materials are realized; providing stable electrical conductivity over a wide dynamic thermomechanical range, currently from -60�C through 350�C, and in the presence of UV and ozone. Metal RubberT deformable skins are envisioned as a unique enabling technology allowing morphing unmanned aerial vehicles to maintain stable electromagnetic properties under disparate vehicle configurations. The nanostructured yet macroscale skins are currently available as free standing appliqu�s (up to 2'x8') or as conformal coatings on aircraft structures. NanoSonic would work with a major defense prime on performance metrics and materials property evaluation to increase the TRL of Metal RubberT deformable skins.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. HeeDong Lee AF 07-041 Awarded: 12/21/07
Title:	Advanced Ultra-Lightweight Hybrid/Composite Mirrors (ULHCMs)
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I program seeks to develop a new fabrication technology for producing an ultra-light hybrid mirror for space applications. The state-of-the art space mirrors made of glass and SiC are costly to produce. The areal density of the glass and SiC mirrors also do not meet the ULHCM concepts that require 1 to 5 kg/m2 of areal density. An innovative new process is needed to address these current issues. During the Phase I period, UES proposes to use a novel fabrication process to produce a space quality hybrid mirror. Substrate and laminate mirror facesheets (4-6 inch diameter) will be integrated by applying an inorganic adhesive. In the Phase II program, we will fabricate a large-sized mirror that is mechanically and chemically very stable, and shows an outstanding mirror quality that can minimize the loss of the needed optical properties.

SRICO, INC. 2724 SAWBURY BOULEVARD COLUMBUS, OH 43235
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 799-0664 Dr. Vincent Stenger AF 07-042 Awarded: 01/08/08
Title:	Ion-Sliced Lithium Tantalate for Terahertz Radiation Detection
Abstract:	Terahertz radiation occupies a largely unexploited band from 100 GHz radio frequency to 30 THz infrared. It is capable of penetrating fog and moderate density objects such as wood and fabric at substantially higher resolutions and shorter ranges than radar. THz imaging can be used to screen passers-by for weapons without the safety issues of X-rays. Using spectroscopic techniques, THz radiation can be used for stand-off detection and imaging of suspicious materials or chemicals. These features make THz technology ideal for both the soldier in the field and for continuous surveillance applications such as airport security. This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project addresses the need for THz detectors that are compact and that operate efficiently at room temperature. The proposed technology employs novel materials processes to realize room temperature pyroelectric THz detector devices that are at least one hundred times more sensitive than commercially available devices. The technology is highly amenable to monolithic linear and two dimensional arrays for spectroscopic and imaging applications. Deployment of these newly developed detector devices would result in cost effective implementation of a large number of important industrial, medical and defense applications that could benefit from terahertz radiation technologies.

VIRGINIA DIODES, INC. 979 Second Street SE, Suite 309 Charlottesville, VA 22902
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 297-3257 Dr. Thomas W. Crowe AF 07-042 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Materials for Terahertz Detectors
Abstract:	VDI's goal is to use new materials and processing techniques to achieve low barrier diodes that can be used as very sensitive zero-bias detectors and frequency mixers with extremely low local oscillator power requirements. The basic device goals, in terms of the materials study, are to achieve a controlled Schottky barrier height and reduced 1/f noise. The reduced barrier height will be controlled through the optimization of the alloy content of the semiconductor and the use of novel doping profiles. Advanced materials processing techniques will be used to reduce the 1/f noise. Through the successful conclusion of this effort VDI will achieve reductions in both the low-signal NEP and 1/f noise of state-of-the-art terahertz detectors and a fundamental reduction in the size and complexity of terahertz heterodyne receivers through the minimization of the LO power requirement.

TREX ENTERPRISES CORP. 10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 646-5427 Mr. Paul Johnson AF 07-043 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Hi-Def Low Light Detector
Abstract:	Trex's Photodiode on Active Pixel (POAP) image sensor technology provides high light collection efficiency (QE x Fill Factor) without the need for microlenses on a CMOS image sensor. This technology is particularly amenable to the fabrication of high sensitivity sensors that are capable of withstanding intense optical signals and countermeasures. The planar surface of the device allows for a good optical match with overlaid non-linear absorber material, and a high percentage of metallized surface area of the CMOS Read-out IC provides protection to the underlying circuitry for light that may get through any overlaid absorber. We propose to examine the POAP image sensor technology for susceptibility to optical countermeasures.

VOXTEL, INC. 12725 SW Millikan WaySuite 230 Beaverton, OR 97005
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(971) 223-5646 Mr. George M. Williams AF 07-043 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Development of High-Definition (HD), Low-Light-Level Detector
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR program, a low noise SOI CMOS high-definition (HD) low light level television (LLLTV) image sensor will be developed. The detector will be back-illuminated with a 300-micron thick silicon absorption region, for increased sensitivity and spectral-overlap with the night sky radiance. The imager will be configured with 1280 x 1024, 6-micron-square pixels, will operate at 60 frames per second, and will include a 14-bit analog-to-digital converter. The HD LLLTV Imager is based on a SOI (silicon-on-insulator) CMOS image sensor architecture. Fabricating imagers on SOI greatly improves performance. For example, CMOS circuitry is isolated from photo regions, allowing high-resistivity silicon to be employed. In addition, CMOS circuit ground returns for SOI are isolated, eliminating substrate bounce and transient coupling problems. This allows higher operating speeds and lower noise. SOI's planar architecture also makes it easier to passivate surfaces for low dark-current generation. This advantage, in turn, makes the device much more resistant to high-energy radiation environments. Lower fixed pattern noise (FPN) and lower power consumption are also achieved. In Phase I, the HD image sensor will be designed, layed-out, and performance simulated, so that it can be manufactured and tested in Phase II.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2138 Mr. John Gordon AF 07-044 Awarded: 01/03/08
Title:	Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Battery with Non-Porous Ceramic Separator
Abstract:	Feasibility of a rechargeable lithium battery with sulfur cathode will be demonstrated. Air Force needs high specific energy, low cost rechargeable batteries for solar energy storage. Low cathode utilization and cycle fade have prevented Li-S batteries from reaching their potential. Cathode utilization can be improved dramatically using apolar and polar solvents in combination. Typically porous separators are used for lithium batteries, allowing constituents to migrate, resulting in cycle fade. To prevent inter-electrode constituent migration and capacity fading over charging cycles, a non-porous lithium ion conductive ceramic membrane will be utilized. The membrane developed recently at Ceramatec has conductivity of 1 mS/cm at 25C and 0.6 mS/cm at -20C. The membrane can be as thin as 10's of microns with a laminated porous layer serving as mechanical support. The non-porous separator will prevent dendritic shorting, improving anode safety along with the use of an unreducible lithium salt. Specific energy theoretically is 2600 Wh/kg with a metallic lithium anode or 630 Wh/kg with a lithium carbon anode. Practical batteries would be >1000 or 250 Wh/kg with the two respective anodes. In Phase 1, several factors will be examined to determine their impact on capacity at different charge and discharge rates including a 0.5C rate, the highest rate anticipated for discharging.

YARDNEY TECHNICAL PRODUCTS, INC. 82 Mechanic Street Pawcatuck, CT 06379
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 599-1100 Dr. Arthur Dobley AF 07-044 Awarded: 01/11/08
Title:	High Energy Density Storage for Solar Power Generation Systems
Abstract:	One of the major challenges of developing solar power generation systems is the storage of electrical energy. The energy system ideally has a large amount of energy with a very low weight. This equates to a high specific energy (Wh/kg). Lithium-air batteries offer the greatest theoretical specific energy for batteries at 11 kWh/kg. Yardney has extensive experience in requirements for battery power and metal-air cells. We specialize in lightweight batteries used in aerospace applications. We also research, develop, and sell high energy density metal-air cells. Yardney will advance the Rechargeable Lithium-Air Storage System by creating an advanced rechargeable air cathode with new catalysts, and testing these cathodes in actual lithium-air cells under various environmental conditions. These batteries will provide a lightweight high energy storage device for military applications.

MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP. 181 Gibraltar Road Horsham, PA 19044
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 542-8400 Mr. Richard Foedinger AF 07-045 Awarded: 01/22/08
Title:	Carbon Nanofibers, Testing, and Fabrication (MSC P7027)
Abstract:	Current satellite structures and spacecraft components utilize carbon fiber reinforced composites to achieve low weight, high stiffness, strength and multifunctional performance capability. In order to meet the multifunctional performance and weight goals for future satellite systems and spacecraft components, the Air Force has identified a need for new carbon fibers that provide a balance of high stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Advances in nanotube reinforced fiber development and processing research provide a significant opportunity for meeting these multifunctional performance goals, but further research and process development is needed to improve the interface characteristics and understand the microstructure/property relationships to optimize properties. The Phase I research proposed here involves the development, characterization and production of multiwall nanotube (MWNT) reinforced pitch- and PAN-based carbon fibers to provide improved multifunctional performance. Both melt spinning and solution spinning of MWNT/carbon fibers will be performed at different MWNT loading concentrations and process conditions to achieve the optimal fiber material properties. The research draws on the significant related research performed by the Phase I team, where long lengths of MWNT/carbon fibers have been produced to achieve higher tensile strength and strain-to-failure over unreinforced PAN-based carbon fibers.

SIGMA-K CORP. 511 Clayton Road Durham, NC 27703
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 596-8487 Dr. P. Douglas Kirven AF 07-045 Awarded: 01/22/08
Title:	Carbon Nanofibers, Testing, and Fabrication
Abstract:	Carbon Nanotubes have great potential of adding strength in composite materials. In order for carbon nanotubes to be used in prepregging, fibers with diameters in the 7-10 micron range are needed. The carbon nanotubes need to be bundled and twisted to form appropriate size fiber tows. Current technology does not allow carbon nanotubes to be spun at a high enough rate to effectively produce enough tows for large scale projects. Sigma-K Corporation recently demonstrated the concept and will develop a high speed spinning system to spin the carbon nanotubes into yarns with tow size diameters. Our system will allow carbon nanotubes to be used in composites that are needed in high strength applications such as armor and air frames.

AQWEST 8276 Eagle Road Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 681-0456 Mr. Jan (John) Vetrovec AF 07-046 Awarded: 01/09/08
Title:	High Capacity, Lightweight , and Compact Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies and Systems
Abstract:	Aqwest proposes to develop novel, high-performance thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and a TES integration concept for thermal management (TM) of directed energy weapons (DEW). In particular, we will develop a packed bed (PB) and sorption-based (SB) TES concepts, and a TES integration into a high-performance (HP) thermal management system (TMS), each offering unparalleled compactness and lightweight. The proposed project will produce major benefits to the Air Force: 1) TES with up to 250 kJ/kg & 254 MJ/m3 @20�C; and up to 600 kJ/kg & 430 MJ/m3 @40�C, 2) TES integration concept offering 3-10x reduction in size and weight, 3) Gravity independent TMS: compatible with maneuvering airborne platforms, 4) TMS operation independent of DEW power supply, and 5) TMS response <<1 second from cold start. In Phase I, we will develop TM requirements for a solid-state HEL on a C-130 tactical platform, evaluate the concepts for PB and SB TES, and optimize the concept for TES integration into HP-TMS. In Phase II, we will complete the design and construct each a subscale PB-TES, BS-TES and a subscale HP-TMS for demonstration testing under representative conditions. Other applications of the proposed technology include high-capacity cooling of intermittent heat loads in commercial systems.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow PlacePines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Dr. Robert P. Scaringe AF 07-046 Awarded: 01/09/08
Title:	Demonstration of a High Energy Density Phase-Change Storage System
Abstract:	The objective of this effort is to demonstrate an innovative phase-change thermal storage system that can exceed the 1000 kJ/kg and 180 MJ/m3 thermal storage objective sought in the SBIR topic description. This Phase I effort will address a current need of the airframe system integrators for a thermal energy system for directed energy applications. Phase I will experimentally demonstrate a new concept that will reduce the size and weight of the necessary thermal storage system. The focus of the Phase I effort will be to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed phase-change thermal control approach with experiments, develop a preliminary overall design configuration, and provide a detailed comparison with SOA alternatives. The effort is significant because the proposed system will exceed the thermal storage objectives for the complete thermal control system. Clearly, Mainstream has the prior experience in this area, and the effort proposed in Phase I, which includes a preliminary design and bench-top demonstration experiments, exceeds the scope of effort proposed in the Phase I solicitation; however, Mainstream is well into this research and excited about the commercial potential for this technology. Phase II will address the fabrication and demonstration of a complete system.

VOXTEL, INC. 12725 SW Millikan WaySuite 230 Beaverton, OR 97005
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(971) 223-5646 Mr. George M. Williams AF 07-047 Awarded: 12/20/08
Title:	Stand-Off Detection of Functionalized Nanoparticles
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR, the feasibility of a chemical, biological, or explosive (CBE) agent micro-taggant monitoring system will be demonstrated. In Phase I, existing CBE-taggants will be evaluated and compared to a novel, solar-insensitive, invisible, lanthanide oxide quantum dot nanocrystal microtaggant. The developed CBE-taggants will emit in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwavelength infrared (SWIR), enabling US warfighters with unique detection equipment. The lanthanide oxide nanocrystals will be coupled to proteins or secondary antibodies, to enable a variety of specific chem-bio conjugates - optimizing their functionality for CBE agents. The CBE mictotaggants will be tested against environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and smog, and other known risk item, and the microtaggant system will be tested in the laboratory suing commercial off the shelf (COTS) interrogating laser probes and NIR and SWIR cameras. Using the developed concept of operations (CONOPS), we will refine the micro-taggant monitoring system, so that in Phase II, a small-sized, lightweight, prototype system, compatible with man-portable or UAV operation, can be field demonstrated for interrogation, activation, and detection of functionalized nanparticles at over 100 meter distance. The system will be delivered to the AF at the completion of Phase II.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 4415 Euclid AvenueSuite 500 Cleveland, OH 44103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 649-0399 Mr. Mike Willett AF 07-048 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Temperature-Tolerant Processor for Reliable Control
Abstract:	High temperature electronics will benefit Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) and Electronic Engine Control (EEC) in an aircraft by reducing or eliminating the need for fuel cooling of electronics. Orbital Research Inc. proposes the development of a high temperature Controller for use in future aircraft FADEC designs that will consist of the following: An ASIC chip and high temperature capacitors, resistors and pcb substrates. The Phase I effort will be primarily to collect data on existing FADECs and EECs, and analyze the data to determine the most appropriate microprocessor to use as the core of the controller. Following the identification of the optimal micro Orbital Research Inc. will design a controller, using a custom-designed ASIC which will provide computational power needed for future FADEC designs. In Phase II Orbital will build a breadboard for testing from the designed circuit. The critical test parameter is adequate processing power in a rugged package that does not need liquid fuel cooling.

SCIENTIFIC MONITORING, INC. 8777 E.Via de VenturaSuite 120 Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(440) 328-5832 Dr. Walter Merrill AF 07-048 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Reliable, High Temperature Engine Control
Abstract:	Scientific Monitoring will develop a high temperature (~200C) FADEC architecture for reliable turbofan engine control. Initially, two competing architectures will be studied to address the need for control distribution and multiprocessing. A software design environment will be specified that will enable control law implementation within a real time context in the high temperture architecture. This may entail the use of sophisticated software redundancy approaches to achieve reliable operation. Phase I will result in a prototype processor demonstration at high temperature as well as a recommeded architecture.

ADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1046 New Holland Avenue Lancaster, PA 17601
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 295-6104 Dr. William Anderson AF 07-049 Awarded: 12/17/07
Title:	FADEC Cooling Using High Temperature Loop Heat Pipes
Abstract:	The Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) controls engine operation. It is historically mounted on the engine case to minimize the routing length of the sensor and actuator wiring. The FADEC must be maintained below 63�C, while the environment can be as hot as 170�C. The current design uses fuel to cool the FADEC, however, this often limits the allowable ground or flight idle time before the fuel is too hot to cool the FADEC. This SBIR project will develop a loop heat pipe (LHP) thermal management system that will transport the FADEC heat load to an alternate sink, typically located 2 m away. The Phase I project will develop a model of the thermal management system, which will include heat pipes to lower the internal �T in the FADEC box, and LHPs to transport the heat to a heat sink. This will eliminate the use of fuel for cooling the FADEC, isolating it from the fuel cooling system. The benefits include an increase in the allowable fuel temperature, increasing idle time. The goal of the Phase II project will be to design, fabricate and test a LHP thermal system for cooling the FADEC.

RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 582 South Econ Circle Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 359-7138 Dr. Daniel P. Rini AF 07-049 Awarded: 12/21/07
Title:	Passive Two-Phase FADEC Cooling System
Abstract:	Rejecting heat from a FADEC unit 2m away over a temperature differential of only 13oC results in a very challenging problem for a LHP cycle, especially when considering the body forces expected on an aircraft. An ideal LHP cycle with only hydrostatic pressure head considerations shows that ammonia is the only fluid that could potentially provide 2m of coolant transport. Even with ammonia, a combination of heat leak to the compensation chamber, high ambient environment, high internal pressure, high g maneuver and low temperature budget makes it unlikely that a LHP can transport heat from the FADEC to the heat sink. RTI proposes to instead use their innovative Liquid Retention Evaporator for a Loop Thermosyphon which rightly suits the needs of this cooling problem. The Loop Thermosyphon offers a passive long-distance/low-temperature-differential cooling application which when combined with the Liquid Retention Evaporator can offer a huge cooling buffer for transient high g periods, lasting minutes.

P.C. KRAUSE & ASSOC., INC. 3016 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 464-8997 Dr. Alex J. Heltzel AF 07-050 Awarded: 12/18/07
Title:	Advanced Heat Exchanger (HEX) Scaling Methodologies for High-Performance Aircraft
Abstract:	The well-known consequence of high-performance, low-observable, more-electric strike aircraft is the increased thermal loading that can ultimately threaten mission-critical components. The ability to efficiently transport the resulting waste energy to onboard coolants is now understood to be an airframe-level design point that should be considered with a priority approaching that of thrust, range, or rate of climb. In this regard, attention has been focused on advanced heat exchanger technologies which offer the potential for increased volumetric heat transfer capacity. PCKA proposes to simulate candidate heat exchangers by discarding flow approximations in favor of 3-D solutions of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations in both solid and liquid domains. Wide parametric studies can be performed, generating performance curves for several candidate heat exchangers, which will include the effect of design modifications on resultant heat exchange capacity and pressure drops. With the acquisition of physics-based performance data, a methodology is outlined by which the CFD can be integrated into a system-level model, where "CFD-in-the-loop" capability can truly contribute to an airframe-wide virtual design tool. The proposed tool is inherently general to non-specific airframes, but can be applied directly in thermal management models already developed for the F-22 and F-35 systems.

SPIRITECH ADVANCED PRODUCTS, INC. 731 N US Highway 1Suite 1 Tequesta, FL 33469
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 741-3441 Mr. Eric Gamble AF 07-050 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Advanced Heat Exchanger (HEX) Scaling Methodologies for High-Performance Aircraft
Abstract:	A Heat Exchanger analytical tool is proposed for rapid thermal analysis and design optimization of advanced heat exchangers. The numerical model incorporates a user-friendly interface capable of modeling the details of the heat load calculation throughout the heat exchanger, including the details of the coolant flow network. The tool is comprised of a Thermal Model to calculate heat flux and wall temperatures for various heat exchangers; a Flow Model to calculate the coolant pressures and temperatures; a Structural/Weight/Cost Model to calculate the minimum HEX thickness and corresponding weight and cost; an Optimizer Model to optimize the heat exchanger design for thermal performance, cost, and weight, and a Properties Model to provide built-in libraries of material and coolant properties. Heat exchanger characterization and scaling laws are incorporated into each of the models through application of fundamental physical equations. The Phase I effort will develop the basic tool, integrating the scaling laws and cost model for a plate-fin heat exchanger. The models will be integrated into a module for incorporation into Simulink. The Phase II effort will further develop the tool by adding a library of heat exchanger types, transient thermal analysis capability, and detailed flow model and will provide validation data.

TTC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. P. O. Box 1527 Stony Brook, NY 11790
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 285-7127 Dr. Ken Alabi AF 07-050 Awarded: 12/17/07
Title:	Advanced Heat Exchanger Characterization and Scaling Methodologies for High-Performance Aircraft
Abstract:	An advanced software tool for heat exchanger (HEX) characterization and scaling for high-performance aircraft is proposed, with the objective of removing the limitations associated with the existing methods of analysis. In addition to supporting the conventional methods of analysis, which are based on the lumped approach, the proposed tool will enable highly-accurate and computationally-efficient simulation methods that consider conditions existing in service, such as variable ram air flow rate from ram air cooling. This has not been possible with any previous HEX characterization method. The proposed predictive tool will also provide unparalleled modeling capabilities for in-flight and installation effects, which are usually not considered in conventional HEX models. Other innovations are the ability to scale heat exchangers and the multi-scale optimization procedure. To develop the proposed tool, TTC Technologies, Inc. (TTC) will leverage its experience in advanced heat exchanger modeling and software marketing. TTC will also partner with Hamilton Sundstrand, for validation data and manufacturing related to the proposed tool, and with Modelogics, Inc., whose expertise in developing interface for modeling and simulation tools for rapid simulation of aircraft flight systems has been used by most of the aerospace industry leaders.

FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1701 Military TrailSuite 110 Jupiter, FL 33458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 427-6340 Mr. Dan Davies AF 07-051 Awarded: 12/12/07
Title:	Affordable Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing under Turbine Airfoil Conditions in the Hyperbaric Advanced Development Environmental Simulator (HADES)
Abstract:	Advanced gas turbine aircraft engines are designed to operate at higher overall pressure ratios, elevated turbine temperatures, and more severe duty cycles. Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) is expected to be the leading failure mode for hot-section components in these engines, a behavior typically dominated by adverse thermal gradients combined with cyclic thermal and mechanical loading. Improvement in TMF predictive modeling is needed to maximize reliability and affordability of component designs. Characterization at gas turbine operating conditions is needed to support the development of first-principles based material models. The HADES rig (Hyperbaric Advanced Development Environmental Simulator) is a low-cost test device capable of subjecting test articles to turbine gas-path conditions, surface temperatures exceeding 2000F and a very high heat flux. A prototype rig developed by Florida Turbine Technologies (FTT) has been demonstrated. Feasibility studies of a new rig with enhanced capabilities, including tensile and compressive loading of specimens, autonomous cyclic operation, and full-field measurement capability is the subject of this Phase I SBIR proposal. Rig manufacturing, assembly, installation and validation testing are proposed for Phase II. Leased production versions of this rig would then be installed at the customer's site, with training, technical and engineering support and analysis options offered by FTT.

TEST DEVICES, INC. 6 Loring Street Hudson, MA 01749
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 562-6017 Mr. Bruce deBeer AF 07-051 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Test Method for Inducing Steep Thermal Gradients in Thin-Walled Structures
Abstract:	Test Devices, Inc. (TDI) will demonstrate the technical feasibility of and develop a detailed design for a test facility to impose representative steep through-wall temperature gradients, heat flux, and thermo/mechanical loads on turbine airfoils tested outside a running engine. The proposed facility will test actual turbine airfoils and/or specimens of similar material composition and geometry (including TBCs), and provide for representative cooling flows in order to examine the effects of film cooling. The facility will provide the capability to simulate operating strain histories, i.e. Thermal Mechanical Fatigue (TMF), which will be used to make more realistic service life predictions for turbine components.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 659-1584 Dr. Bauke Heeg AF 07-052 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Optical Temperature and Strain Imaging for Turbine Engine Applications
Abstract:	Two optical measurement techniques are presented for imaging of strain and temperature of high temperature materials used in turbine engines. The proposed strain measurement capability is provided by a variant of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), whereas temperature imaging is achieved with thermographic phosphors. The proposed methods are suited for use on both coated and uncoated specimens, and will be designed around thermo-mechanical fatigue test facilities under development elsewhere. One particularly innovative aspect is the prospect of depth resolved lateral strain imaging within and through a ceramic coating. The Phase I work plan consists of a demonstration of the measurement capabilities, an analysis of critical components and feasible operating envelope, and a detailed Phase II design and development strategy.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Shilpa Pradhan AF 07-052 Awarded: 12/26/07
Title:	Thermal Imaging Laser Speckle Interferometric Sensor
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for an accurate, full-field temperature and strain measurement system for turbine airfoils, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Thermal Imaging LAser Speckle Interferometric Sensor (TILASIS). This proposed device is based on the principle of laser speckle interferometry combined with a thermal imaging technique for noncontact full-field measurement of strain and temperature. The innovation in using an infrared laser for full-field laser speckle interferometry, in combination with a thermal imaging camera, will enable us to quantitatively measure and understand the behavior of thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) in turbine engine components under severe thermal and mechanical loads, and to validate a first-principles-based approach for TMF modeling. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of TILASIS by developing a detailed design and performing initial testing by simulation and laboratory validation. In Phase II POC plans to develop, demonstrate, and validate a prototype to accurately measure full-field temperature and strain in thin-walled test specimens.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Rabi S. Bhattacharya AF 07-053 Awarded: 12/17/07
Title:	Spall Propagation-Resistant Hybrid Bearings for High-Performance Turbine Engines
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR project is to develop spall propagation resistant turbine engine mainshaft bearings for improved reliability, safety, and performance margin of aircraft propulsion systems. New case carburized Pyrowear 675 steel has been developed for bearing races that has been shown to resist surface fatigue initiation and therefore improve the fatigue life compared to the M50 steel. However, once the initiation occurs, fatigue cracks can propagate rapidly resulting in increased spall rate in Pyrowear 675 races. This aspect of the fatigue properties of Pyrowear 675 has not been studied in great detail. In this Phase I SBIR project, UES proposes to identify the key properties of Pyrowear 675 such as microstructure, and near-surface fracture toughness that control the spall propagation rate. For this purpose, Rolling Contact Fatigue tests will be conducted under selected stress cycles, and the neighborhood of spalled area will be investigated. Spalled areas of failed bearings will also be investigated, if available. Also, computer modeling and simulation will be used to understand the role of dynamic operating conditions such as load and speed on the spall propagation.

AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS LLC 332 Grissom Rd Manchester, CT 06042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 649-0764 Dr. Ron-Ho Ni AF 07-054 Awarded: 12/26/07
Title:	Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis Capability for Gas Turbine Component Design
Abstract:	Turbine performance increases through increasing turbine inlet gas temperature which can result in reduced turbine durability. Currently the design practices employed by the major OEM's for cooled turbine airfoils are generally very empirical in nature and can easily miss important physical behavior thereby compromising airfoil durability. This in turn leads to turbine airfoil durability issues resulting in higher operating costs and weapon system reliability shortcomings. AeroDynamic Solution LLC is propose to develop a robust physics based conjugate heat transfer analysis approach and computational methods that can be readily integrated into the design systems of gas turbine industry OEM's.

FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1701 Military TrailSuite 110 Jupiter, FL 33458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 427-6250 Mr. James Downs AF 07-054 Awarded: 12/12/07
Title:	Practical Conjugate CFD Heat Transfer Design Methods for Complex Turbine Components
Abstract:	Modern cooled gas turbine components are typically characterized by small-scale features (turbulators, impingement holes, and film cooling holes) and complex physics (boundary layer transition, separated shear layers from turbulators, and unsteady mixing of film coolant into the mainstream). The geometric complexity and computational rigor required to resolve the physics yields conjugate CFD/heat transfer analysis durations that are not practical for a target component design iteration cycle of ~4 weeks. Consequently, current technology limits use of conjugate CFD to sub-models models of reduced physical rigor (RANS), or simplified cooling schemes (i.e.: no film holes). Component designers require accurate prediction of the stress/temperature field over the entire component; accordingly, industry needs a method of physically rigorous modeling (DES/LES) in critical regions. For non-critical regions, the proposed conjugate CFD/thermal design methodology omits the small scale features (impingement holes, film holes, or turbulators) from the mesh, and instead meshes only the large-scale flowpath and internal cooling passages. Grid extraneous source terms (mass/momentum/energy) are used to capture the effect of small-scale features in non-critical regions to keep the analysis time practical. The novel aspect of this approach is the manner in which source terms are created, controlled, and integrated into the converging full-scale conjugate solution.

DEICON, INC. 919 Aaron Nutt Rd. Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 885-4134 Dr. Reza Kashani AF 07-055 Awarded: 01/23/08
Title:	Improved Damping Modeling for Afterburners
Abstract:	In phase I of this SBIR project we propose the development of a software tool for designing passive acoustic treatment for adding acoustic damping to the low-frequency (<1000 Hz) modes most sympathetic to heat release perturbation in an augmentor, i.e., the first tangential and first radial modes. Considering that the resonant frequencies of these modes are reasonably constant (do not change appreciably with operating conditions) and their corresponding frequencies are spaced apart from each other, passive tuned acoustic treatment is proposed as the candidate solution. The physics-based software tool will be considering the effects of grazing flow, cooling flow, and distributed (not discrete) dynamics of the absorber itself. The design tool will be developed in COMSOL finite element analysis environment. The software tool will be used to design 2 acoustic dampers tuned to the first tangential and first radial modes of an augmentor with the same geometry and attributes as that of F136 engine . The effectiveness of the designed dampers will be numerically demonstrated by implementing them in the finite element aeroacoustic model of the candidate augmentor.

ALLCOMP, INC. 209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 369-1273 Mr. Wei Shih AF 07-056 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Novel Heat Exchanger Materials for Fuel-Air Cooler Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	Open cell foam, which provides the highest heat transfer surface areas per unit volume, is considered as an excellent heat exchanger core material. Pyrolytic Carbon coated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam, which offers highly conductive foam ligaments and is available in different pore sizes and density, provides wide design options. A hybrid heat exchanger composed of carbon foam as heat transfer core and metallic parting sheet can provide efficient heat transfer performance, acceptable pressure drop, sound structure that is compatible with external ducting, and meet leak tightness required for a fuel-air heat exchanger. Under this program, we plan to further optimize existing RVC based carbon foams to achieve improved thermal performance with minimum impact on the flow resistance. We also plan to further improve the reliability of joining between carbon foam and aluminum parting sheet meeting both thermal and structural requirements. In addition, we plan to identify and demonstrate new foam materials for advanced heat exchanger applications.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2134 Mr. Merrill Wilson AF 07-056 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Next Generation Heat Exchangers Using Ceramic Materials and Surface Morphologies
Abstract:	A ceramic material is proposed wherein surface morphologies are used which enhance the heat transfer performance and reduce heat exchanger weight and volume. This technology would provide a means by which next generation return fuel/air cooler (RFAC) heat exchanger systems could be improved upon. The basic concept is to increase the area-to-volume ratio by fabricating materials which have porous structures allowing for increased heat transfer over a reduced volume. Fabrication and testing will be done using silicon carbide as the ceramic material. In the Phase 1 Program, Ceramatec, Inc. will evaluate, fabricate, demonstrate and characterize the performance of these materials at a sub-scale level.

ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH, INC. 87 Church Street East Hartford, CT 06108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 528-9806 Mr. James R. Markham AF 07-057 Awarded: 12/12/07
Title:	High-Speed Thermal Imaging of In-Service TBC Blades
Abstract:	Ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC) on first-stage turbine blades is a vital component of advanced engines under development for future military aircraft, protecting the metal alloy blades from the extreme combustion temperature in these high-performance engines. TBC must be proven as a reliable means to prevent blade failure but current engine development programs are hindered since there is not a sensor available to map the surface temperature of TBC blades during engine operation. In fact, the engine sensor community has identified surface temperature mapping of TBC blades as a high priority sensor development need. This Phase I project will demonstrate feasibility for an advanced optical imaging system for both on-board TBC emissivity mapping and TBC temperature mapping. Knowledge of TBC emissivity is critical for accurate temperature measurements, and jet fuel combustion influences emissivity at the coating surface. The TBC emissivity maps will be used with the TBC thermal maps to improve the absolute accuracy of on-engine TBC temperature mapping. On-board emissivity monitoring will also provide an additional diagnostic for high-resolution monitoring of TBC breakdown resulting in metal substrate exposure.

SURFACE OPTICS CORP. 11555 Rancho Bernardo Road San Diego, CA 92127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 675-7404 Mr. Leif Hendricks AF 07-057 Awarded: 12/12/07
Title:	Innovative High-Speed Sensing System for Operational Monitoring of Jet Engine Turbine Blade Ceramic Coatings
Abstract:	Surface Optics Corporation (SOC), teamed with Pratt and Whitney (P&W), is proposing an innovative solution for operational monitoring of the health of Ceramic Matrix Composite(CMC) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) on jet engine turbine blades. This solution is based on extensive work performed by both team members that has been directed towards problems of similar nature over many years. The problem is that turbine blades are nickel-based superalloys with a CMC thermal barrier that protects them from temperatures as high as 4000 F (the melting point of the steel is ~ 2900 F). The role of the CMC layer is to assure that the temperature of the steel blades does not exceed ~ 1700 F. Premature (occurring before routine scheduled maintenance) degradation or failure of the CMC blanket can lead to engine failure. The possible solution for which the feasibility will be determined in a Phase I program is to monitor in real time the condition of the CMC coatings on each and every blade in the turbine. Our Team solution is to apply proven SOC real-time hyperspectral imaging with continuous automated analysis and reporting of the health of the blade CMC coatings. This solution is discussed in Sections 1.0 through 3.0 of this proposal with a work plan tailored to, and focused on, its efficacy.

BUSEK CO., INC. 11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 655-5565 Mr. Nathaniel Demmons AF 07-058 Awarded: 12/14/07
Title:	Atomizing Liquid Fuel Injector for Hypersonic Propulsion
Abstract:	In hypersonic flight vehicles, the limited residence time of fuel in the engine necessitates extremely fast mixing and combustion. Conventionally atomized fuel droplets are typically too large and polydisperse (several to hundreds of microns in diameter) to mix and completely burn during the short 1-3ms residence time in the engine. Busek proposes to investigate a novel approach for creating monodisperse micron-sized droplets at the high mass flowrates required for hypersonic combustion engines. Busek has already achieved the desired droplet sizes and performed successful combustion testing of unmodified JP-8 at low mass flowrates. The goal of the Phase 1 effort shall be to test an augmentation technique for increasing mass flowrates by 1000-fold, culminating in a proof-of-concept functional and characterized fuel injector.

GOHYPERSONIC, INC. 714 E. Monument AveSuite 201 Dayton, OH 45402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 531-6678 Dr. Lance Jacobsen AF 07-058 Awarded: 12/14/07
Title:	Hypersonic Propulsion-Airframe Integration
Abstract:	This SBIR presents an opportunity to study alternate scramjet engine configurations in an effort to increase spillage to levels between inward-turning and planar inlets while understanding the impact on engine and vehicle performance from a systems level perspective. To accomplish this, our team proposes to integrate new inlet, nozzle, and vehicle flow surface design and analysis capabilities into the Eco suite of tools. Inlet design strategies will focus on developing planar flowlines and new alternative inlet design methodologies including streamline tracing through alternate genera flowfields to explore the design space between the two classes of inlets. Parametric surface flowline optimization CFD techniques will also be employed to further enhance and analyze any promising new inlet designs developed in this study. Furthermore, new planar nozzle flowlines generation routines will also be examined to provide alternative means for the design of the back end of the engine-integrated vehicle configuration. New vehicle surface routines will also be created to allow alternative spatula and waverider vehicle configurations with planar and alternative inlet designs. Flowlines generated with these new tools will be validated using viscous CFD and the resulting configurations will be compared to the baseline inward-turning scramjet configurations over a selected mission.

INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 902-6546 Dr. Sukesh Roy AF 07-059 Awarded: 01/14/08
Title:	Measurement Techniques for High-Pressure, Liquid-Fueled Combustors with High Soot Loading
Abstract:	The primary objective of this Phase-I research effort is to build an ultraviolet (UV) hyperspectral sensor at ~310 nm to perform spatially resolved temperature and OH concentration measurements based on multi-line laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH molecule in reacting flows. The proof-of-the-concept demonstration measurements will be performed in an atmospheric-pressure, near-adiabatic H2-air Hencken burner for various equivalence ratios. The potential of two different concepts of generating UV light using hyperspectral sources will be evaluated. These are: (1) generating UV light by sum-frequency mixing of 5W 532 nm light with a high-power hyperspectral source at ~763 nm in a nonlinear crystal and (2) development of an UV hyperspectral source based on native ultraviolet gain, e.g., using quadrupled Nd:YVO4-pumped Ce3+:LiCaAlF6 or Ce3+:LiLuF4 crystals which can provide broadband gain in the 280-333 nm range. High-bandwidth LIF measurements based on continuous-wave (CW) lasers is limited by the low power output of typical distributed feedback (DFB) diode-lasers used for their construction. Hyperspectral sources will allow generating high-power CW laser-light at the desired frequency, i.e., either at ~763 nm or ~310 nm. This feasibility study will pave the way for designing the optimum UV source for implementation in a high-pressure test-rig at WPAFB during the Phase-II research effort.

SPECTRAL ENERGIES, LLC 2513 Pierce Ave. Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 266-9570 Dr. Sivaram P. Gogineni AF 07-059 Awarded: 01/07/08
Title:	Spatially and Temporally Resolved Temperature and Species Concentration Measurements in High-Pressure Combustors using fs-CARS
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed Phase-I research effort is to develop femtosecond (fs) laser-based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy for providing quantitative high-speed (1-10 kHz) temperature and species concentration measurements in unsteady reacting flows. The initial frequency-spread dephasing rate of the Raman coherence induced by the ultrafast (~85 fs) Stokes and pump beams will be used to measure gas-phase temperature for high-pressure combustion. This initial frequency-spread dephasing rate of the Raman coherence is completely independent of local molecular collisions and depends only on the frequency spread of the Raman transitions at different temperatures. Single-shot CARS thermometry will be performed by obtaining time-resolved CARS spectra from chirped probe pulse. A simple theoretical model based on the assumption of impulsive excitation of Raman coherence will be developed to interpret and extract high-speed, single-shot temperature from the interaction of a chirped probe-pulse with the Raman coherence. During the Phase-I research effort measurements will be performed in laboratory flames. Successful implementation of the proposed technique will pave the way for the application of fs-CARS for high-speed temperature and species concentration measurements in high-pressure gas-turbine test rig and augmentor at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) during the Phase-II research effort.

METACOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 28632 Roadside Drive, #255 Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 735-4883 Dr. Uriel Goldberg AF 07-060 Awarded: 12/13/07
Title:	Computational Fluid Dynamics Enhancements for Scramjet Flow Simulations
Abstract:	Combusting flows in general, and scramjet flows in particular, strain the performance of existing CFD solvers to their limit, the weakest link being the turbulence closure. Prediction of high-speed combusting flows is particularly sensitive to the level of accuracy in computing mass transport. Solvers based on eddy viscosity models relate turbulent mass flux to species gradients through an exchange mechanism involving eddy viscosity and a so-called turbulent Schmidt number (Sct). A similar approach is used for energy transport, the equivalent parameter being the turbulent Prandtl number (Prt). Both numbers are treated as constants throughout the flow-field. However, experimental evidence suggests that these parameters vary significantly, thus models that treat them as constants cannot predict the flow details with sufficient accuracy. The proposed approach introduces a method for computing variable Sct and Prt numbers with the potential to significantly improve scramjet flow predictive capability.

TTC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. P. O. Box 1527 Stony Brook, NY 11790
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 285-7127 Dr. Xiaodan Cai AF 07-060 Awarded: 12/14/07
Title:	Computational Fluid Dynamics Enhancements for Scramjet Flow Simulations
Abstract:	Several high-fidelity computational schemes and turbulence-combustion interaction models, including the option for high-order spatial and temporal calculations, are proposed to significantly improve the accuracy and turnaround time for practical scramjet engine design and performance analysis. The proposed enhancements of existing tools, such as the government-owned VULCAN computer program, focus on accuracy, speed of execution, and general user interaction with the tools. The project targets issues associated with physics-based modeling of supersonic combustion, aerodynamics, turbulence, and their interactions, with the overall goal of providing accurate and computationally affordable tool. To develop the proposed software, TTC Technologies, Inc. (TTC) is leveraging its extensive experience in the relevant research for the topic and in developing truly advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions at all speeds (subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic). TTC will also partner with ATK GASL, Inc., who will provide quality data to validate the proposed tool, and leverage its extensive research and realistic scramjet manufacturing experience.

GENERAL NANO LLC PO Box 6554 Cincinnati, OH 45206
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 556-4132 Dr. Mark J. Schulz AF 07-061 Awarded: 01/04/08
Title:	Super Long Carbon Nanotubes for Manufacturing Electrical Fiber
Abstract:	This project is to address the feasibility of manufacturing carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber that can replace copper wire for electrical power applications in the Air Force. The proposed work will focus on three critical aspects for fiber production that we believe are unique, and that will allow mass production of high quality electrical fiber. The approaches we selected to attack this scientific and technological challenge are: (1) synthesis of large area, cm long multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using our novel composite catalysts for which a US patent is pending; (2) spinning long MWCNT into fiber based on existing and widely available industrial spinning technology which is only possible by using cm long nanotubes; and (3) post treatment of the produced CNT fibers for improved electrical conductivity. In practice, MWCNT and hence electrical fiber will always contain defects. A post treatment step integrated within the spinning procedure and based on thermal and plasma annealing is chosen to heal defects and improve the strength and conductivity of the fiber. Electrical fiber after such treatment is expected to be highly electrically conductive, and also flexible, bendable, fatigue resistant, and load bearing for multifunctional applications. All these fiber properties will be vigorously characterized.

NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 162 Pembroke Road Concord, NH 03301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 442-8992 Dr. David S. Lashmore AF 07-061 Awarded: 12/20/07
Title:	Longer Length Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Electric Power Applications
Abstract:	Nanocomp has demonstrated a continuous fabrication process for SWCNT wires and a batch process for very long SWCNT tapes. Modifications to the conductivity, proposed here, may improve the EM absorption characteristics of these sheets. In this proposal we posit that a CNT wire may be used as a current conductor for both dc and ac frequencies under a wide variety of conditions. Some preliminary data on the electrical characteristics of the wire are presented. We note that at ambient temperature the electrical resistivity is about 1 x 10-4 ohm-cm (1x106 S.m-1) at a wire density of about 0.2 g/cc which on weight basis is close to that of industrial copper (58.6 x 106 S.m-1) whose density of 8.96 g/cc. At high frequencies (>2 GHz) the nanotube wire becomes very much more effective than copper thereby saving considerable weight. At frequencies less than 50 MHz, a power savings for the same capacity can be achieved only if the nanotube conductivity is increased[1]. Widespread commercial applications of CNT wires requires improved conductivity. Means of accomplishing this include doping during or after synthesis, and a novel means of Chirality control implemented during synthesis.

NEVA RIDGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4750 Walnut StreetSuite 205 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 443-9966 Mr. Richard Carande AF 07-068 Awarded: 01/23/08
Title:	Three-Dimensional (3-D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Image Formation and Exploitation
Abstract:	Neva Ridge Technologies proposes to develop and implement an improved three-dimensional SAR processing algorithm and related data acquisition strategy focused on persistent surveillance circular staring SAR data. The main challenge to be addressed in the phase one effort will be to demonstrate a minimization of the limitations associated with the sparse nature of the anticipated elevation aperture through signal processing techniques to improve the elevation impulse response function, and a careful data collection process. This will be first demonstrated using phase one generated simulated multi-pass data, and available circular SAR data from prior (2006) collections. In addition to image data quality issues, we will establish requirements on flight lines, motion measurement systems and other system engineering related concerns. Results of these simulations will be made available to support a summer 2008 data collection.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Mr. Carl Frost AF 07-068 Awarded: 01/28/08
Title:	Three-Dimensional (3-D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Image Formation and Exploitation
Abstract:	Our main objective is to develop, implement and test novel level-set surface reconstruction methodologies as applied to SAR data that has been collected over a sparse 3D aperture. We believe a tomographic surface reconstruction can best exploit nonlinear models and sparse data collection geometries: These configurations are not readily amenable to more traditional Fourier-based or filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction methods. Phase I of this effort will comprise a proof-of-concept stage during which both the radar signal processing, imaging algorithms and hardware implementation concerns will be addressed directly. We will demonstrate a functionality that will effect 3D imaging using existing, albeit augmented, techniques, as well as new capabilities that will effect 3D surface reconstruction via novel level-set techniques. Throughout we will emphasize the development of a solution methodology that is aligned with the end-to-end goal of obtaining a fieldable and modular set of integrable components. Phase II will concentrate on the further development, larger-scale implementation, testing and performance analysis of the techniques developed under Phase I. This includes integration and testing in a lab setting of a modular prototype system using the components developed in Phase I.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd.Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 241-5857 Mr. Jason Gregga AF 07-076 Awarded: 01/31/08
Title:	Exploitation of Large-Format (ELF) Electro-Optic (EO) Data
Abstract:	Large Format Electro-Optical video data, available from sensors such as Angel Fire, provides a unique capability to see a wide area at sufficient resolution to see small objects such as vehicles. Currently, Angel Fire allows users to see their region of interest in near real-time. However, there is not currently a good way to tie this impressive capability to the next layer of sensing. Without an automated ability to cue other sensors, time consuming steps must be taken by users. This limits the utility of the LF data. SET has chosen to pursue the integration of video from ground-based cameras with the synoptic imagery provided by persistent sensors such as Angel Fire. This topic has enormous potential to dramatically increase our knowledge of the identity and movement of vehicles of interest, by overcoming the limitations of both classes of sensors when used alone. Many ground cameras are currently deployed in theater. Knowledge of the locations and fields of view (FOV) of the ground cameras allows the system to cue them to watch for a vehicle at a particular time and location. High resolution, color video, at highly discriminatory viewing angles can then be used for classification, and precise identification.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem PlaceSuite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Dr. Michael DeVore AF 07-080 Awarded: 01/25/08
Title:	Propagation of Uncertainty in Anticipatory Image Exploitation Using Polynomial Chaos Random Process Representations
Abstract:	The ability to accurately anticipate target behavior on the basis of surveillance data is critical in many military and civilian contexts. Information regarding target behavior may be drawn from a variety of sources, each of which suffers from uncertainties in the form of noise, inaccuracies, and outright errors. This proposal seeks to develop novel methods for dealing with this uncertainty by vertically integrating uncertainty models in a common framework through all levels of data processing, by adapting uncertainty models over time to incorporate newly observed behaviors and interactions, and by leveraging powerful new adaptive processing techniques. The resulting technology will propagate uncertainties from inputs and models, producing a distribution over anticipated behaviors and a characterization of the most likely future target tracks and associated likelihood measures. This output can be used to intelligently manage sensor and targeting assets, to minimize the need for a human operator to supervise system operation, and to quickly detect targets that deviate from predicted behavior.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark StreetSuite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5106 Mr. Mike Colony AF 07-080 Awarded: 01/25/08
Title:	SRM driven by a Traffic Anticipation and Response Engine (STARE)
Abstract:	Today's threats tend to maneuver in commercial vehicles through dense, cluttered urban streets where detection and tracking become exceptionally difficult. First, the high volume of background traffic makes it difficult to maintain tracks within the clutter of large numbers of confusing targets. Second, urban structures present obscuration problems that create gaps in coverage. Both of these problems cause frequent track losses, motivating the need for two specific capabilities. First, in order to effectively task sensor assets such that their probability of reacquiring the target is optimal requires the use of algorithms that can fuse all available information into an anticipatory model that exploits traffic trends to predict the likelihood of future locations of vehicles of interest. This capability can be utilized in concert with sensor resource management (SRM) algorithms to improve the ability to reacquire lost targets. Second, novel techniques are needed to improve track correlation and continuity once new sensor observations are provided. The DECISIVE ANALYTICS Corporation will leverage their experience in developing inference-driven sensor management systems to achieve the goals of this SBIR. We will utilize unparalleled techniques in computational probability to provide anticipatory traffic modeling to drive our SRM, as well as to provide improved track correlation.

ADVANCED RESEARCH CORP. 4459 White Bear Parkway White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 789-9004 Mr. Greg Wagner AF 07-083 Awarded: 01/30/08
Title:	Polarization Selective Infrared Detection
Abstract:	To date, both IR polarization and spectral detectors have been developed and employed for the purpose of object discrimination imaging. Each of these detector families provides unique and complimentary data for object discrimination analysis. A hybrid detector, which is capable of both polarimetric and spectral detection would greatly enhance the range and capability of object discrimination imaging. We propose to develop a detector capable of simultaneous and congruent detection of both polarimetric and spectral source emission characteristics. This will be accomplished with the application of NanoImprint Lithography (NIL).

APPLIED NANOFEMTO TECHNOLOGIES LLC 181 Stedman St. Suite #2 Lowell, MA 01851
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 761-4293 Dr. Zhengmao Ye AF 07-083 Awarded: 01/30/08
Title:	A Monolithically Integrated Multi-spectral Polarimetric Photodetector and focal plane array
Abstract:	Polarization sensitive multi-spectral photodetectors are of great importance in target detection, characterization and discrimination. Most current existing multi-spectral sensing systems employ dispersive optics (gratings or prisms), or external polarizer technologies to obtain spectral and polarimetric characteristics of targets. These systems are usually heavy, bulky, having arrow incident angles, and unable to simultaneously detecting polarizations at different angles. The SBIR proposal aims to develop a new type of monolithically integrated polarimetric photodetector capable of voltage-tunable waveband selection and simultaneous polarization sensing with significantly reduced device size and enhanced reliability. Successfully developing the proposed innovation is expected to provide an enabling technology for ultra-compact, waveband and polarization agile imaging systems suitable for space and airborne applications. In phase I, a preliminary monolithically integrated polarimetric photodetector with wide-spectral coverage (2-14 micro-meter), high polarization extinction ratio, and voltage-tunabl waveband selection will be developed for proof-of-concept demonstration. In Phase II, an ultra-compact focal plane array (FPA) prototype with voltage-tunable waveband selection and simultaneous polarimetric imaging capability will be developed and hybridized with readout circuits. A preliminary voltage-tunable multi-spectral polarimetric IR camera will be also demonstrated and delivered to Air Force research lab in Phase II.

PRIME RESEARCH, LC 1750 Kraft Dr Ste 1000-B Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 961-2200 Dr. Raymond Rumpf AF 07-083 Awarded: 01/30/08
Title:	Nano-Optical Elements for Polarization Selective Infrared Detection
Abstract:	Prime Research and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte propose developing space-variant nano-optical elements to integrate passive spectral and polarization filters directly into infrared focal plane arrays. This novel technology will enable pixels to be uniquely tuned for wavelength and polarization across a focal plane array using a simple fabrication process that is suitable for volume production. Photonic crystals will perform the filtering functions and provide additional mechanisms to further enhance performance. Key performance goals are broadband operation and consistent behavior at oblique angles of incidence. Developmental efforts include design and experimental testing of space-variant photonic crystal filters with integrated polarizing elements. Exploratory concepts include incorporating left-handed materials to achieve omni-directional performance and self-collimation to reduce blurring and defocusing through the element. The proposed technology promises revolutionary advances in remote sensing, surveillance, target discrimination, imaging, spectroscopy, and more.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Srinivasan Arunajatesan AF 07-086 Awarded: 01/30/08
Title:	Store Trajectory Response to Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads
Abstract:	The development of a trajectory envelope prediction tool, capable of identifying stores that may experience significant trajectory deviations due to unsteady loading is proposed. The Phase I part of this program will provide a comprehensive demonstration of the significance of these unsteady loads in determining trajectory envelopes and conceptualize a modeling approach to predict this effect. The modeling tool will be subsequently developed and matures in Phase II through the synergistic use of experimental and computational tools. The methods and procedures used in this program will be collected into a set of testing and analyses procedures for the store certification and clearance process. The incorporation of these into the certification process will improve the accuracy and reliability of this process while expanding its capability with modification to the process. The successful completion of this program will affect current platforms such as the F/A-22, the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) as well as future platforms such as the Long Range Strike Aircraft (LRSA).

M4 ENGINEERING, INC. 2161 Gundry Avenue Signal Hill, CA 90755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(562) 981-7797 Mr. Kevin Roughen AF 07-086 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	Store Trajectory Response to Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads
Abstract:	M4 Engineering proposes to develop a method for predicting store trajectory response subject to unsteady aerodynamic loads. This method will combine low-fidelity data with high-fidelity data in a novel way to represent the deterministic and probabilistic portions of the unsteady aerodynamic response. This development will enable increased efficiency in the use of test and time-accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data allowing for more accurate simulations to be calculated using fewer resources. The proposed technique will be an excellent compliment to modern test and analysis methods.

TECHNOVA CORP. 3927 Dobie Road Okemos, MI 48864
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(517) 485-9583 Dr. Anagi Balachandra AF 07-088 Awarded: 01/28/08
Title:	Innovative Structural Concepts for Deep-Winged Large Transports
Abstract:	Future deep-winged large transport aircraft would challenge the conventional approach to aircraft structural design. The tremendous size of deep-winged transports offers new latitudes to rethink structural configurations which efficiently meet the escalated structural demands. Conventional aircraft wing structures comprise a multitude of elements, only some of which make major structural contributions. Inefficient load paths are used in conventional designs to transfer wing structural forces to the fuselage; the susceptibility to local and global structural instabilities further undermines the efficiency of conventional structures. As a result, the working stresses in today's aircraft wing structures are relatively low, only about 10% of the tensile strength of high-performance fibers. A new structural concept is proposed here for achieving improved levels of structural efficiency through: (i) replacement of the multitude of semi-structural and structural elements with a streamlined, multi-functional structure that is capable of mobilizing optimum load paths and effectively resisting structural instabilities for achieving higher levels of efficiency; (ii) Optimal use of the prestressing technique to effectively exploit the high tensile strength of advanced fibrous materials towards improvement of structural efficiency; and (iii) streamlined transfer of wing structural forces to the fuselage by mobilizing the efficient structural performance of fuselage under hydrostatic pressure using the wing prestressing tendons, which also benefit the fuselage performance under cabin pressure. The main thrust of the proposed Phase I research is to validate and quantify the gains in structural efficiency and safety resulting from application of the proposed structural concept to deep-winged transport aircraft. The Phase I research will: (i) identify viable ranges for the primary design variables of the proposed structural concept, and establish optimum sets of design variables with existing and emerging selections of materials; (ii) experimentally verify the optimum design with existing selections of materials; (iii) assess the competitive position of the new structural concept versus conventional designs; and (iv) devise and validate strategies for improving the competitiveness of the new concept.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 224-4410 Mr. Alon Yaari AF 07-089 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	Autonomous Control Technologies for Terminal Area Operations
Abstract:	Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) participation in controlled airspace requires that the UAV behave just as a human-piloted aircraft. Forward airbases with Air Traffic Control (ATC) can be complex when considering ATC commands, localization in a GPS denied environment, flight restrictions, FAA rules, and dynamic obstacles. SARA proposes a behavior-based system that deconfliction these complexities, allowing the UAV to operate safely in the Terminal Area of Operations (TAO). The proposed behavior-based "Autonomous Pilot" uses concurrent simple behaviors to produce emergent complex behaviors. An objective function based solver calculates weights and preferred actions of the individual behaviors to arbitrate an optimum vehicle action. To facilitate development and eventual transfer of the Autonomous Pilot to actual UAV hardware, SARA proposes a modular control architecture. Our proposed "Autonomous Pilot- Multi-Objective Deconfliction" (APMOD) system is based on the "Mission Oriented Operating Suite" (MOOS) architecture. The modularity allows simulation modules during the development phase to be replaced with hardware integration modules as the program develops into hardware-in-the-loop solutions and eventually into actual UAV platforms.

HYPERCOMP, INC. 31255 Cedar Valley DriveSuite 327 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 865-3710 Dr. Ramakanth Munipalli AF 07-091 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	High-Speed Airbreathing Propulsion Integration
Abstract:	In this proposal HyPerComp Inc., jointly with Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, GASL and the University of Texas at Arlington, seeks to create a high performance rapid test environment for hypersonic multimode airbreathing vehicle development. This will be achieved by a systematic sequence of advancements in both computational as well as experimental methods being used in the study of such systems. While due care will be taken to accurately represent the basic external aerodynamics, structural mechanics and heat transfer phenomena, the emphasis of this project will be placed on the study of dual-mode propulsion systems with integrated inlets/nozzles and multiple combustor paths, that are a vital ingredient in major ongoing vehicle programs such as the DARPA-FALCON. The integrated multiphysical approach to the study of the vehicle performance proposed here is aimed to supersede current techniques in component-wise modeling, external integration and lumped performance estimates. Developments in this area are timely, given the rapid pace of activity in hypersonic vehicle design concepts in recent times, such as in the X-51, FALCON-HTV/HCV and allied programs. The proposing team consists of industry leaders in flow simulation, testing, vehicle design and integration.

COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC. 2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 664-0394 Dr. Robert Taylor AF 07-101 Awarded: 01/15/08
Title:	Low Cost Solid Surface Deployable Reflector
Abstract:	Future Air Force satellites will require large aperture RF antennas for various missions in communications, signals intelligence, and Radar. At the same time, Operation Responsive Space (ORS) is striving to develop small satellite technology to provide flexibility and adaptability to meet new and evolving mission needs quickly. However, existing deployable antenna systems do not meet the cost requirements of ORS, therefore new deployable antenna systems with simple and elegant designs are required. The proposed technology is a thin, flexible, one-piece solid reflector that has a relatively simple deployable backing structure. These antennas will be low cost due to their inherent simplicity, and have the potential of operating at high frequencies because of the use of: 1) a solid reflective surface, and 2) CTD's novel elastic memory composite materials in multi-functional components that provide substantial deployed stiffness, as well as deployment force and damping. However, achieving high-frequency capability will ultimately require the use of tuning adjustors (between the solid-surface deployable reflector shell and its backing structure) to correct for minor errors in the shape of the thin reflector shell. The proposed research will demonstrate the technical feasibility of a low cost deployable backing structure with built-in adjustment features.

IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 200 Canal View Blvd Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 424-1990 Dr. Michael J. Roemer AF 07-117 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	A Portable, Vibro-Acoustic Based NDI System for Composite Structures
Abstract:	Impact Technologies, in collaboration with our commercialization partner Boeing, propose to develop a portable, non-destructive inspection (NDI) system that can quickly and accurately determine the damage state of an aircraft composite structure using vibro-acoustic feature analysis. The high-frequency analysis method proposed can be applied in an automated manner using a modal hammer and vibro-acoustic accelerometers capable of assessing the location and severity of various forms of damage, including dis-bonds and delamination. The application of the proposed developments will be focused on the F-15 vertical stabilator region, which our commercialization partner Boeing to assist with design specific knowledge. The core innovations of this project include: 1) Implementation of practical, real-time, non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods (including sensors and signal processing software) that can be applied to critical regions of aircraft structures using piezo-electric response measurements for damage assessments; 2) Development of an integrated frequency, damping and mode shape sensitivity algorithm for damage detection and localization; 3) Development of a stress wave analysis algorithm that incorporates an optimized triangulation procedure for improved damage localization once damage is detected; and 4) Validation of the portable NDI system prototype (including hardware, software and sensors) based on performing a series of well-organized and realistic tests on composite panels with various levels of external and internal damage and baseline testing of the F-15 vertical stabilator region.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 984-1322 Dr. Andrei B. Vakhtin AF 07-117 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	Optical NDI of Advanced Composites
Abstract:	Advanced composite materials are widely used in many aerospace structures. Although these materials possess superior mechanical properties, they are subject to various types of damage during operation. Therefore, it is highly desirable to have non-destructive inspection (NDI) tools capable of monitoring damage and water ingress in the advanced composites. Southwest Sciences proposes to use an innovative optical technique based on diffuse reflectance, which will provide fast non-destructive critical evaluation of damage and water penetration in advanced composites. The Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and outline the design of the Phase II prototype instrument.

QUEST INTEGRATED 1012 Central Avenue South Kent, WA 98032
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(253) 872-9500 Mr. Phillip D. Bondurant AF 07-118 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	Improved magneto-optic methods for aircraft corrosion detection
Abstract:	Aircraft undergo constant routine inspection in order to maintain airworthiness. Subsurface corrosion and metal fatigue in airframes which goes undetected can have tragic consequences. The QUEST proprietary magneto-optic imager (MOI) is a non-destructive technique which is currently used by the Air Force, NASA and commercial clients for subsurface flaw detection with better performance than traditional eddy current methods. We will extend the operational methods to increase the field of view, measure the depth of detected flaws, and incorporate advanced real-time background subtraction methods. These enhancements will significantly extend the ability of the MOI to inspect for subsurface corrosion and cracking in deep subsurface layers down to layer 4 or 5 of airframes. QUEST has extensive experience in developing and deploying non-destructive testing devices for industry.

REACTIVE INNOVATIONS, LLC 410 Great Road, Suite C-2 Littleton, MA 01460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 952-6947 Dr. Michael C. Kimble AF 07-118 Awarded: 02/01/08
Title:	Aircraft Corrosion Inspection System
Abstract:	The Air Force requires an improved corrosion detector to assess corrosion in multi-layer metallic structures on its aircraft. A compact and portable device is needed that can pinpoint corrosion in the early stages of pitting deep within these multi-layer structures. Reactive Innovations, LLC proposes a Phase I program to develop and demonstrate a corrosion detection system based on an electrochemical interrogation method. We have previously shown a method to electrochemically characterize surfaces that can be packaged into a hand-held and inexpensive device. With this approach, we will apply it to the real-time assessment of corrosion on complex geometric components on aircraft. During the Phase I program, we will show the interrogation methodology to locate and assess the severity of corrosion on multi-layer aluminum components with varying degrees of corrosion. Algorithms will be developed to help assess the detector response. An assessment of the scan rate, detector size and mass, and the unit cost will be made that will be applied in a Phase II program to develop an operational hand-held corrosion detection system.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6856 Mr. Timothy Tiernan AF 07-119 Awarded: 01/21/08
Title:	Inspection of Subsurface Flaws around Fasteners on Aircraft
Abstract:	New technology is needed for nondestructive inspection (NDI) of defects in metallic components on aircraft. Small cracks and flaws in multilayer components near rivets and fasteners are a particular concern. Other problems include detecting and characterizing small defects in highly confined areas. An NDI technology capable of imaging deeply buried defects at various layers of a component under a variety of surface conditions would be ideal. Existing NDI technologies such as visible imaging, x-radiography and acoustic emission cannot provide the high resolution NDI needed to detect deeply buried defects and characterize their dimensions and depth in a material. RMD proposes a revolutionary new eddy current imaging technology based on magnetic imaging and eddy current mapping detect and characterize cracks, corrosion and other defects in multilayer metallic components. A 2-D, solid-state sensor array will generate magnetic images of eddy currents. Eddy current mapping allow the system to perform highly dependable NDI on multilayer components containing defects near fasteners and holes. The proposed NDI system will be portable, versatile and simple to operate. The proposed NDI technology will improve aircraft integrity and crew safety, improve readiness, and reduce the cost and complexity of inspections.