| Arete Associates
P.O. Box 2607 Winnetka, CA 91396 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 651-6756
James T. Murray AF 08-001 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Modeling of High-Average-Power Solid State Lasers |
| Abstract: | Directed energy (DE) is widely viewed as a transformational game changer technology in military operations. Applications in space control, force protection, counter rockets, artillery and mortars (CRAM), and defense against man portable air defense systems (MANPADS) are of particular interest due to the unique capabilities and promise of DE based solutions. Electrically based solid-state and fiber lasers are attractive for tactical applications on aircraft, ground vehicles, and ships where size weight and power (SWAP) is a primary consideration. For this reason, diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSL) have been the major focus of the High Energy Laser (HEL) technology community. DPSSLs are complex multidimensional systems whose designs span disciplines in geometric optics (ray-tracing), physical optics (beam propagation), laser spectroscopy (energy transfer), resonator design, thermal management (finite element analysis), aberration control and beam combining (intra- and extra-cavity adaptive optics). Designers often reply on a combination of in-house developed models and third-party software to develop modeling and simulation solutions of DPSSL based HEL systems. This process is cumbersome, inefficiency and often times leads to erroneous results. Moreover, because these models are not always adequately linked, important effects, such as beam dependent heating or cooling, for example, are not always captured. This proposal addresses an integrated laser design and modeling solution that captures and links all of the major laser disciplines in one software package.BENEFIT:The laser modeling package and components developed under this program will yield a practical and powerful tool derived from first-principles for design, modeling and simulation of high power diode-pumped solid-state lasers and laser systems. The resulting tool will significantly improve the state-of-the-art in laser modeling and simulation. Potential commercial opportunities exist in direct sales and marketing of a commercial software package and/or professional services in laser design, modeling and simulation. |
| Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(424) 263-6308
Igor Peshko AF 08-001 Awarded: 2/5/2009 |
| Title: | High-Power Solid-State Laser Simulator |
| Abstract: | Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a high-power solid-state laser simulator (SoliSim) that will model the chain of processes running in an operating laser. The simulator operational algorithms will reflect multiple possible laser design variants, parameters, and modes of operation, including: pumping optical field distribution, gain ions distribution, energy absorption, migration, diffusion (including non-linear), re-absorption, lasing beam power, boundary conditions and cooling rate, orientation of the gain crystal optical axis, stresses, and strain distributions. As a result, the polarization sensitive refractive index 3D distribution, which has specific circularly inhomogeneous shape for each set of laser cavity initial parameters will be found. The algorithm will also estimate the near and far fields of the laser beam distributions. When the first iteration is done, and the cavity optical field structure is calculated, the heat field will be corrected, and the next iteration will be calculated. Because of specific thermal lens behavior, the beam angular brightness and transverse structure non-monotonically depends on the pumping power and cavity length. A resonance set of laser parameters can be predicted by the simulator. A high power laser cavity with several parallel and/or consequent gain elements can be modeled and estimated.BENEFIT:The simulation of expensive and complicated high power lasers significantly decreases the final cost of laser development. The proposed simulator will make it possible to predict the optimal cooling intensity, with minimal power consumption, and thereby provide minimal thermal gradients in the gain medium. The simulator will help researchers design fast, reliable, and cost effective low and middle power lasers. The simulator can be easily upgraded with parameters of new optical and laser materials, new regimes of operation, and new pumping and lasing architectures. |
| MZA Associates Corporation
2021 Girard Blvd. SE Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 245-9970
Justin Mansell AF 08-001 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Modeling of High-Average-Power Solid State Lasers |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort builds upon the significant progress of on-going efforts which employ MZA''''s WaveTrain wave-optics modeling tool to develop high-fidelity models of laser devices. MZA has developed considerable expertise in applying WaveTrain to laser device modeling under non-SBIR contracts to AFRL, the HEL-JTO, the ABL SPO, and Textron. Historically, WaveTrain has been used for beam control and atmospheric propagation modeling. The advent of the use of complex beam control systems inside SSL resonator devices to provide alignment and amelioration of higher-order wave front errors has made WaveTrain a natural venue for the modeling of the laser devices themselves.BENEFIT:The government has sponsored the development of a number of diode-pumped slab-based high-power solid state laser (SSL) systems for application in directed energy weapons systems. Within the DoD directed energy community, two major programs seek to develop such systems, the Joint High Power Solid State Laser (JHPSSL) sponsored by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and the High-Energy, Liquid-Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS) sponsored by DARPA. Because the development of high power SSL systems is a complex emerging technology, the maturation process involves considerable risk and uncertainties. For this reason, it is desirable for the industry to have access to high-fidelity modeling techniques for the purpose of refining system designs and predicting their performance. By providing such techiniques this effort will reduce both the cost and risk of the development of high power solid state laser systems. |
| MZA Associates Corporation
2021 Girard SE Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 245-9970
Donald Washburn AF 08-002 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Improved Analysis Techniques for Characterizing Jitter in Beam Control Systems |
| Abstract: | This SBIR will define test and analysis approaches to unambiguously identify cause/effect relationships for jitter in HEL beam control systems. In particular, from existing test data, we will seek to determine if jitter on target is due to sensor noise (If so, what sensor?), or acoustic inputs to the bench (if so, what are its characteristics?), or induced by structural vibrations (If so, what is their origin?). If additional test procedures are required, they will be recommended. To achieve the objective we will use a variety of conventional and advanced data analysis techniques. Conventional techniques include coherence analysis and modern estimation theory. Advanced techniques include sophisticated spectral analysis and blind source separation methods.BENEFIT:Successfully demonstrated techniques for jitter analysis in HEL beam control systems will garner wide scale acceptance and use in the laser community, since this effort addresses a serious perennial problem in the beam control community. In particular, current beam control systems, e.g. ABL, HELLADS, OTHEELA, ATL, and ELLA, would all benefit in that better jitter analysis methods would lead to better jitter identification and mitigation which would directly contribute to better performance for HEL weapons. |
| Sound Answers Inc
4856 Alton Drive Suite 100 Troy, MI 48085 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 275-5567
Gabriella Cerrato AF 08-002 Awarded: 2/5/2009 |
| Title: | Improved Analysis Techniques for Characterizing Jitter in Beam Control Systems |
| Abstract: | The decomposition of the residual laser beam jitter into its contributions will be achieved with a hybrid approach which will make use of both parametric and model-based approaches. The best method to separate the component of the residual laser beam jitter due to external disturbances from the effect due to internal noise caused, directly or indirectly, by the control elements themselves will be identified from validation testing of the most popular and innovative techniques used in the field of acoustics and vibration. Sound Answers proposes to investigate both statistical (black/gray box) and physical signal decomposition techniques. The statistical techniques that will be investigated will include, but will not be limited to: Indipendent Component Analysis (Blind Source Separation), Principal Component Analysis, Partial Singular Value Decomposition, Conditioned Input Analysis (Partial Coherence). Pattern recognition techniques such as Wavelets and Empirical Mode Decomposition will also be evaluated. Finally, Sound Answers proposes to combine these techniques with physical characterization of the system in terms of sources (or loads, such as the input jitter) and paths (or system sensitivities, such as the transfer functions of the individual sensors, or sensor mounting systems or control actuator modules).BENEFIT:The set of signal processing algorithms utilized for the decomposition of the contributions to the residual jitter will be integrated in a Residual Jitter Decomposition toolbox which can be sold to HEL manufacturers and/or Beam Stabilization and Control System providers. |
| G A Tyler Assoc. Inc. dba the Optical Sciences Co.
1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Terry Brennan AF 08-003 Awarded: 1/23/2009 |
| Title: | Atmospheric Characterization for Laser Propagation |
| Abstract: | The design of high performance adaptive optics systems requires a knowledge of the characteristics of optical turbulence that directly impact system performance. Laser weapons designers require an understanding of worst case turbulence effects in order to develop optimal designs. Compensation systems for lasercom applications can only be evaluated with a characterization of optical fading statistics out to very small probabilities. A study of key parameters related to system performance, for a range of applications, from weak turbulence out to the strong turbulence regime will be performed. The results of this study will feed into a hardware design effort where a suite of measuring devices to determine key turbulence parameters as well as estimates of the Cn2 profile will be developed.BENEFIT: The most cost effective method of evaluating the performance of complex imaging and laser systems operating in atmospheric turbulence is with wave optics simulation. This requires an accurate characterization of the disturbance environment, in this case the optical turbulence effects. Advances in measuring and characterizing optical turbulence will provide several direct benefits to the field of adaptive optics compensation. Accurate turbulence characterization allows for adaptive optics design optimization and higher performance at lower cost. Turbulence monitors are also critical in site surveys. Finding sites with favorable turbulence characteristics is also important when seeking the highest performance at the lowest cost. This technology will be beneficial to both commercial and military interests. |
| Nutronics, Inc.
3357 Chasen Dr. Cameron Park, CA 95682 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 524-7933
Jeffrey D. Barchers AF 08-003 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | Image-based Turbulence Monitor |
| Abstract: | A growing number of applications involving laser propagation through turbulence are gaining momentum and acceptance in a broader community. The performance of these systems is typically governed by the statistics of turbulence. It is often the case that a system that is effective in median conditions, is completely ineffective in more severe conditions. While adaptive optics can extend this region of effectiveness, there are ultimately limitations to the performance of adaptive optical systems. Developing an understanding of the fundamental key parameters defining these performance thresholds and methods for measurement of these key parameters is of growing importance. Nutronics proposes a Phase I effort to utilize analysis and simulation to investigate the impact of variations of such parameters as inner and outer scale and anisotropy of turbulence on the performance of laser systems for optical communication and directed energy applications utilizing Nutronics established performance prediction codes. In addition, Nutronics proposed to investigate an innovative sensor suite concept to turbulence parameter estimation: the Image-based Turbulence Monitor (ITM). The proposed ITM utilizes a combination of image and focal plane measurements leveraging established techniques for turbulence profiling and measurement.BENEFIT:The proposed effort has numerous potential benefits and commercial applications, including (but not limited to): laser communication, space situational awareness, astronomical ground based imaging, laser radar, laser rangefinding, air-base defense, ship self- defense, and tactical precision strike. |
| Optical Physics Company
26610 Agoura Road Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 880-2907
Richard A Hutchin AF 08-003 Awarded: 1/26/2009 |
| Title: | Three Dimensional Turbulence Measurement System based on Green`s Function Inversion |
| Abstract: | Optical Physics Company (OPC) has developed a technique called Green`s Function Inversion (GFI) to compensate for moderate to severe deep turbulence effects encountered by tactical laser weapons. This technique can also be used to accurately measure the 3D turbulence profile in air-to-air and air-to-ground engagements. The GFI approach provides comprehensive turbulence data that goes beyond the current parameters of the Fried parameter, isoplanatic angle, and scintillation by determining the 3D turbulence phase profile versus time. The measured data can then be used to construct a physics-based model of turbulence distributions, anisotropies, inner and outer scale and inhomogeneities. The end result is a well anchored turbulence model which can accurately predict the effect of turbulence on a laser wavefront. During Phase I, we will set up a lab demonstration that sends a laser beam through phase plates that have been well characterized and measure the Green`s function. We will use the sensor data to calculate the phase screen positions and 2D profiles. The estimated phase screen positions and profiles will be compared to the measured screen data for scoring the accuracy. During Phase II, we intend to build and test outdoors a prototype to characterize turbulence along extended paths. BENEFIT: The GFI Turbulence Sensor has been developed to provide a major leap in our understanding of turbulence phenomena and how to model them analytically. If successful, the proposed system would be critically important to the success of current and future lasercom and tactical HEL systems by enabling them to predict and optimize performance to a much higher accuracy. The project is being formulated to serve immediate needs, with the assistance of our commercialization partner Boeing, which is a key high energy laser provider to the defense industry. |
| Libration Systems Management, Inc.
2301 Yale Blvd. SE Suite C3 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 243-6767
Charley Rhodes AF 08-004 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Fiber Laser Beam Combining |
| Abstract: | We propose a modular, extensible software package for modeling fiber laser arrays. This module will be developed using Mathwork''''s MATLAB and SIMULINK tools. This will ensure compatibility with a wide variety of computer systems. The software will be developed around a graphical user interface that will provide the user with a wide variety of options for modeling any type of fiber laser system. The primary emphasis of Phase I will be the development of a model of a single fiber laser, with the capability to evaluate that laser''''s performance under harsh environmental conditions.BENEFIT:Modular model with a graphical user interface that will allow for the modeling of a single fiber laser-amplifier Modular design allows easy extensibility of model Modules that will allow simulation of fiber laser under extreme conditions Predictive capabilities Validation against existing fiber laser systems in the AFRL DE test bed. |
| OptiGrate Corporation
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 381-4115
Vadim Smirnov AF 08-004 Awarded: 2/4/2009 |
| Title: | Coherent beam combining of fiber lasers by volume Bragg gratings |
| Abstract: | Theoretical and experimental study of coherent combining of the beams of fiber lasers is proposed. The key element of the proposed scheme is the use of new corner geometry of Volume Bragg Gratings (VBG) for mixing of the field amplitudes of individual lasers and for the coherent feedback. The development of the technology of recording such corner VBGs is proposed. Software package for computational study of coherent combining via corner VBGs is to be developed. Demonstration of coherent combining of CW fiber lasers with YB doping is proposed.BENEFIT:The successful implementation of the proposed work will pave the road to creation of high power continuous-wave composite multi-fiber lasers with the diffraction quality beams. |
| Optical Physics Company
26610 Agoura Road Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 880-2907
Marc Jacoby AF 08-005 Awarded: 1/27/2009 |
| Title: | Innovative, Lightweight Methods For Thermal Management of HEL Mirror Subsystems |
| Abstract: | The Air Force (AF) is interested in innovative, unique approaches for thermal management of HEL mirror subsystems which include active and passive methods for both web- based and foam-core lightweighted mirrors. Optical Physics Company (OPC) proposes to investigate three (3) active methods for cooling foam-core lightweighted mirrors in which flows of He or another gas, water and water with phase changing wax through the foam-core mirror will very rapidly remove the energy deposited (180 KJ to 6 MJ over 100 seconds) such that the temperature of the optical surface will rise very minimally. In fact, all of these cooling approaches can provide a steady state solution for a matching laser irradiance on a lightweight silicon carbide or silicon foam-core HEL optic. . During Phase I, OPC will use a model of a flat 5 diameter, 0.6 thick lightweight silicon carbide optic with a 100 pore per inch foam-core for CFD and thermal analyses of the 3 active cooling methods. A test optic will be manufactured and used to demonstrate the thermal management technology with open-loop water cooling. If Phase I is successful this optical thermal management technology would achieve TRL 4-5.BENEFIT:A complete prototype closed-loop thermal management system would be demonstrated in Phase II. This system would include a compact, lightweight refrigeration/metal foam-core heat exchanger subsystem and would achieve TRL 6. In Phase III and beyond, OPCs compact, lightweight thermal management system would be upgraded to be field deployable and modified as required for application to other AFRL HEL programs and other commercial functions where heating occurs. The military applications include cooled mirrors for Relay Mirror systems, Advanced Tactical Laser and mobile THEL. |
| Physical Optics Corporation/Photonic Systems Div.
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Michael Reznikov AF 08-005 Awarded: 2/11/2009 |
| Title: | Thermostabilization of Adaptive Optics |
| Abstract: | To address the Air Force need for a lightweight thermal mitigation approach for high- energy laser mirror applications, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Thermostabilization of Adaptive Optics (TAO) approach. This proposed technology is based on enhanced phase-change thermal management. This innovation of a unique integration of the technologies of evaporative cooling with electrohydrodynamics plus a new thermal management design will enable the system to achieve a high and locally regulated heat removal rate while dramatically reducing hardware weight. As a result, TAO offers temperature stabilization of the adaptive optics mirror while removing up to 6 MJ of heat in 100 s, and storing it for further release, which directly addresses the ABL program requirements for thermal management of the adaptive focusing mirror. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of TAO technology by experimental analysis, testing, and evaluation that will determine the size, volume, weight, and power requirements for the TAO hardware design. In Phase II, POC plans to develop and fabricate the TAO prototype hardware, integrate it with a prototype HEL mirror system, and determine TAOs performance in a variety of realistic HEL and environmental conditions with the required instrumentation.BENEFIT:The TAO cooling concept for high-energy mirrors can be incorporated into practically every high power commercial application, such as the use of lasers for cutting, drilling, machining, welding, communications, and fusion. Military applications of the TAO technology will include HEL programs including ABL, ATL, and other airborne or relay mirror platforms. The TAO system can be incorporated by the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Army into a broad range of high power electronics and laser systems, which will benefit from this thermal management technique. |
| Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 573-6300
Mark Patterson AF 08-006 Awarded: 2/20/2009 |
| Title: | Low Cost Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| Abstract: | An approach to make a long endurance UAV with an 18 hour endurance and large payload will be developed based on an existing, fielded capability present operationally deployed. The system will be built from COTS equipment minimizing cost and allowing for rapid maintenance and upgrading of the system as technology develops. The system will be fully autonomous through launch, mission flight and recovery, and will carry a primary payload capable of EO/IR video and a laser designator/tracker. The payload will be modular in construction and interchangeable with a range of other payloads. In the Phase I the 18 hour duration will be demonstrated and in the Phase II the payload will be increased in weight, while maintaining the durationBENEFIT:The system being addressed under this SBIR is presently on track for deployment. The increased duration and payload capability will significantly benefit our troops operating in theatre and will provide essential technology in the fight against terrorism. The first operators would use the system under prototype configuration. The long duration system would provide on station surveillance for an extended period and would expand the area covered by routine reconnaissance missions. Target designation and tracking capability would mesh well with capabilities presently available from larger manned aircraft. |
| Brock Technologies, Inc.
14097 E. Placita Rocosa Vail, AZ 85641 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 271-7566
Keith Brock AF 08-006 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Unmanned Aerial System with Modular Payload Bays and Payload Interfaces |
| Abstract: | The Unmanned Systems market is exploding with applications, products and services. For example, an increasing number of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are serving the military, commercial and research markets today. However, these systems are generally limited to supporting a single particular sensor, payload, or concept of operation assigned at the design stage of development. Expansion of their capabilities or the integration of a newly developed subsystem often requires a redesign. The Unmanned Systems community could benefit from the development and commercialization of an Unmanned System that is truly adaptable to many payloads and missions. We propose the development of an Unmanned Aerial System capable of supporting a variety of sensors, weapons, and concepts of operations through a modular payload bays and payload interface design. Our modular payload bays and payload interface will allow the UAS to support missions with varying endurance and payload needs via interchangeable subsections capable of supporting extra fuel, batteries, sensors, or ordinance. By utilizing a systems engineering approach, drawing on years of UAS design experience, and focusing on providing an adaptable system, our design will be able to provide a cost- effective solution for a large variety of payloads, customers, and missions. BENEFIT: Military, border surveillance groups, search and rescue teams, and researchers could all benefit from an affordable UAS with long endurance and modular payload capabilities. For instance, the low cost UAS could be equipped with a laser illuminator and be flown into high risk areas to aid soldiers during night operations or be configured to carry large amounts of fuel and a small sensor to provide persistent surveillance over a specific area or along convoy routes. With the United States Homeland Security already capitalizing on larger Unmanned Systems, this system can fly non lethal directed energy payloads to deter illegal immigrants as they cross the border. Moreover, a gimbal with geo-location software could be flown onboard an asset loaded with fuel to search for hikers lost in the mountains. Researchers and scientists could also benefit from the development of a system specifically designed to ease their payload integration and logistics needs, allowing them to remain focused on the science and not the platform. Furthermore, a long endurance platform would allow researchers to capture more data in a single flight without the increased risks associated with multiple launch and recoveries. In summary, a highly versatile, low cost, small UAS is needed to interact with multiple payloads, for a variety of missions, with the capability to operate over an extended period of time. Our proposed system will be able to fill this capability gap, effectively meeting the needs of the Unmanned Systems market, on cost and on time. |
| Malaney Aircraft Corporation
3352 Tamarisk Palmdale, CA 93551 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 233-8399
John J Malaney AF 08-006 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Low Cost Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| Abstract: | Technical Abstract The Department of Defense has expressed the need for unmanned aerial systems (UASs) that can perform intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and laser target identification & designation missions. This system should integrate into existing communication and data-link networks. Malaney Aircraft Corporation is developing a tactical-class UAS capable of carrying a 15 lb ISR/directed energy (DE) payload for up to 24 hours to bridge the capability cap of existing UASs. A light-weight, high-aspect ratio, highly-optimized aircraft constructed of carbon fiber and fiberglass can meet the mission requirements. The DE payload will include laser target identification and designation. The vehicle will be launched using a pneumatic launcher and recovered via a parachute. This system will employ advanced autopilot and navigation systems to be simple enough for a non-pilot operator to control. It will be capable of having vehicle and payload control transferred to a forward operating team. It will use commercial-off-the- shelf electronic components to minimize the systems cost and ensure seamless integration into existing networks. The systems production cost will be $50,000 or less. The system is designed to be as logistically simple as small-class UASs; however, it will have capabilities that current tactical-class UASs do not have.BENEFIT:The purpose of this engineering development is to produce a tactical-class UAS available at a cost of $50,000 or less. This vehicle will have an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) mission with a 24 hour maximum endurance. This system will have a directed energy (DE) payload capable of laser target identification and designation. In addition to being inexpensive, non-pilot operators will be capable of using this system with minimal training. This system will then be used to operate existing and flight test future military and civilian payloads due to its flexible plug and play design. On the battlefield, this system will offer combat commanders (COCOMs) significant mission capability including persistent ISR, precision target location and designation, base protection, battle damage assessment, and battle management. This system is capable of being launched from safe zones and flying behind enemy lines to allow forward operating troops to control the vehicle to have real-time intelligence and precision targeting capabilities. This system will provide the military additional capabilities allowing the military to become more efficient and effective while reducing the risk of casualties. The US Border Patrol, US Coast Guard, and US Forest Service could use this system for day and night operations to reduce the cost and risk of flying manned platforms. This system can perform border and coastal surveillance, aid in search and rescue missions, and fly over dangerous wildfires without endangering people or risking expensive assets. The system design and technology integration will offer the DoD and commercial organizations the capability of theater-class UASs with the simple logistics and cost of small-class UASs. |
| Navmar Applied Sciences Corporation
65 West Street Road Building C Warminster, PA 18974 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 675-4900
Carl Calianno AF 08-006 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Low Cost Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| Abstract: | The success of military operations often times depends on the ability to obtain timely and accurate intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance information and then to use this information for target location and designation. Unmanned aircraft have proven to be a real asset in conducting these missions. The objective of this project is to develop UAV concepts for a lightweight, low cost UAV with an endurance of at least 18 hours with a payload sufficient to meet mission requirements. There are three main elements of this project the vehicle, the payload and the ground control/launch capability. The project will investigate various high aspect ratio wing configurations including constant chord (straight wings), swept, blended, and joined wing configurations. Winglets will also be examined since they offer a real opportunity to increase the lift to drag coefficient. Multi- surface aerodynamic modeling programs will be used to examine these variations analytically and will also use simulations to determine which offers the best opportunity to achieve the required endurance. A COTS based payload will provide both surveillance sensors and laser based target designators. Finally, a portable launching system will be designed to launch the aircraft. A recovery system will also be designed to safely recover the vehicle.BENEFIT:The low cost UAV, with its integrated sensor package, will have applications in areas other than the military. For example, the Office of Homeland Security has needs for infrastructure protection, port surveillance, and border surveillance and interdiction. This vehicle would serve as an ideal platform for conducting these missions. In addition, other commercial applications include law enforcement, search and rescue, and coastal surveillance, where this vehicle could be used to carry out these activities. |
| Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 237 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7400
Shihai Zhang AF 08-007 Awarded: 2/23/2009 |
| Title: | Compact, Submicrosecond Discharge Pulsed Power Capacitors |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop advanced high energy density and low dielectric loss film capacitors for the pulsed power electronics for high power microwave system. The film capacitors will be designed and fabricated utilizing the innovative SPS high energy density polymer blend capacitor films, state-of-the-art film metallization technology to promote self healing, and robust capacitor design and packaging. The novel capacitor dielectric combines the high energy density of a high dielectric constant polymer and the low dielectric loss of a second high temperature polymer. The capacitors can be operated at high voltage above 15 kilovolt, with submicrosecond discharge rate, a lifetime > 100,000 shots with self-healing feature, and energy density above 3 J/cc.BENEFIT:There are numerous applications that will benefit from improved energy storage capacitors with high voltage endurance, long lifetime, fast discharge, low loss, and high energy density. These capacitors can be used in pulse-forming networks (PFNs) for the conversion of prime electrical energy into the necessary short pulses of energy needed to energize loads such as high power microwave, directed energy, kinetic energy weapons, and high power microwave. The Army is developing future vehicles which require compact electrical power systems. The Navy is developing the all-electric ship in which the power requirements of future Naval vessels will not be as dominated by propulsion as current ships and it may be desirable to be able to transfer energy between uses. This will require storage and conditioning of vast amounts of power. In addition, weapons, catapult systems and other military technologies that demand pulses of power would require very large banks of dielectric capacitors. In parallel, the Air Force is developing more-electric- aircrafts and the Army is trying to develop all electric tanks. Compact, high-energy- density, pulse-power capacitors will be the enabling technology for all future weapon systems that the DoD plans to pursue. In addition, these advanced capacitor film can also be used for implantable cardiac defibrillators, external defibrillators, and capacitor bank for hybrid electric vehicles. |
| TPL, Inc.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque , NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4437
Kirk Slenes AF 08-007 Awarded: 2/4/2009 |
| Title: | Compact, High Power Capacitors Based on Moldable Nanocomposite Dielectrics |
| Abstract: | Future HPM systems will require compact power to facilitate integration on mobile platforms. Capacitors, used to construct these sources, will need to deliver high current and high voltage under repetition. In response this need, TPL has established unique capabilities in the area of dielectrics. Revolutionary materials, processes and designs have been identified for power sources with significant size reductions. The technology is based on novel nanocomposite formulations that can be reliably formed into capacitors of complex shape and efficiently scaled for system development. The objective this program is to demonstrate nanocomposite capacitors capable of >3.0 J/cc for Air Force applications. TPLs approach will address two critical performance aspects relative to energy density: dielectric constant and pulse life. Material and process refinements will be introduced with expectations for a capacitor dielectric possessing a constant of 100 and dielectric strength of >300 V/µm. Concurrently, detailed characterization and theoretical modeling will be used to define the capacitor failure mode under pulse conditions. Penn State University will facilitate investigation into space charge related failure modes and TPL will identify electo-mechanical related failure modes. Alternative designs and materials will be considered to address the relative impact of these failure modes on capacitor voltage ratings under life conditions.BENEFIT:Successful completion of the proposed program will benefit development in several defense related power conditioning, control electronics and directed energy systems. High energy electrical storage systems with reduced size and weight are required for applications including: high energy laser, high power microwave, electric armor, electric guns, electric launch, particle accelerators and ballistic missile applications. |
| TRS Ceramics, Inc.
2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7485
Seongtae Kwon AF 08-007 Awarded: 2/18/2009 |
| Title: | Compact, Submicrosecond Discharge Pulsed Power Capacitors |
| Abstract: | TRS Technologies, Inc. proposes to develop ceramic capacitors as discharge pulse power capacitors for high-power microwave (HPM) systems. The proposed ceramic capacitor will combine some of the best features of high energy density, low dielectric loss, fast discharge time and high temperature stability. The capacitors developed on this program will have energy density >3J/cc, working voltage >15,000V, low power dissipation (Ô<0.005), and a wide working temperature range up to 200¢XC. In Phase I, ceramic pulse power capacitors will be fabricated and evaluated. This will include selection of the optimum material from antiferroelectric, paraelectric ceramics with high energy density and low dissipation, design and fabrication of capacitors to withstand 15000V and evaluation of capacitors such as breakdown strength, energy density and discharge characteristics. These materials have shown 5~13 J/cc of energy density in the form of multilayer capacitors.BENEFIT:The primary markets for high energy density capacitors are high power microwave systems being developed for military applications such directed energy weapons and advanced radar and for high energy physics applications. Improved application voltage and energy density in general are needed to improve the performance of pulsed power for high power microwave systems. TRS¡¦s primary emphases for this work will be high power military microwave systems. The development and fabrication of such materials in TRS¡¦s core competency. |
| Agiltron Corporation
15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-1200
King Wang AF 08-008 Awarded: 1/23/2009 |
| Title: | Tunable Dielectrics for Gigahertz, Pulsed Power Applications |
| Abstract: | In this program, Agiltron proposes a novel nano-engineering approach to develop a new category of nonlinear nano-dielectrics for Gigahertz pulsed power applications. The new approach combines the cutting-edge nanomaterials development and manufacture at Agiltron and a recently developed atomic layer deposition technology. The nano- composite structure will be simulated and optimized using finite element method and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed nanodielectrics possess defined dielectric content, uniform nano-grain structure, clean grain boundaries/interfaces, and high density. Our novel materials feature high dielectric permittivity (1000s), low loss (<0.0005), and high tenability and high breakdown strength at frequency of 800 MHz to 20 GHz. These features are unattainable from the existing materials. This Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. In Phase II, Agiltron will be able to mass produce the proposed tunable nanodielectrics at low cost. BENEFIT: Tunable dielectric materials can be used for GHz transmission applications, such as rapid switching, GHz filters, and phased-array technology. Military applications include directed energy weapons, ultra wide band radar, voltage controlled oscillators, phased array antennas, tunable filters and phase shifters. Commercial applications comprise voltage controlled oscillators, tunable filters, phase shifters, compact, tunable (narrowband and wide band) microwave devices, communications and cellular telephones. |
| nGimat Co.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Atlanta, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-2477
Yongdong Jiang AF 08-008 Awarded: 2/19/2009 |
| Title: | NanoEngineered Tunable Dielectric Materials for High Frequency Applications |
| Abstract: | The development of electronic devices that are robust, highly efficient, compact, and powerful with wide operational frequency range is critical for enabling precision effects and full battlespace awareness for the U.S. Air Force. High performance tunable dielectric materials are needed with high dielectric permittivity, low dielectric loss, high dielectric strength, and large nonlinear response to electric field. However, existing dielectric materials cannot meet these requirements completely. nGimat Co. proposes to develop novel nanostructured multilayered dielectric materials for high frequency microwave applications. nGimats proprietary Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) technique will be utilized to produce the proposed dielectric materials with controlled layer thickness and stacking periods and with improved electrical properties over existing dielectric materials. Therefore, the proposed material systems will enable a significant overall improvement in future electronic components and systems enabling new military and commercial capabilities.BENEFIT:In recent years, stimulated by the explosive growth in the electronics and telecommunications industries, there is an increasing need for high performance dielectric materials that operate at higher frequencies while reducing size and cost, and increasing performance by integrating multiple separate components into a single device. The proposed dielectric materials systems have wide applications in both the military and industrial areas, including phased array antennas, tunable filters, and phase shifters. The military will benefit from this dual use technology, which will enable low costs for the proposed high performance dielectric materials. The success in this work will enable the U.S. to maintain leadership in the global competition for this technology. Capturing even a tiny percentage of the predicted market represents a significant opportunity for nGimat. |
| BerrieHill Research Corporation
240 W. Elmwood Dr. , Ste. 1001 Dayton, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 435-1016
Peter Munk AF 08-009 Awarded: 1/26/2009 |
| Title: | High Power Microwave Frequency Selective Surfaces |
| Abstract: | High Power Microwave (HPM) systems penetrate electronic equipment front ends and cause substantial damage to critical components by generating extremely high energy via a very short electromagnetic pulse. Enclosing an HPM radiating aperture with a frequency selective surface (FSS) radome presents a unique problem. The power density seen by HPM radomes is on the order of 10,000 times more than is typically seen in ordinary radome applications. Using an FSS radome for HPM applications complicates the design for two fundamental reasons. First, the FSS radome is susceptible to electromagnetic breakdown and/or arcing. Second, the FSS may distort the short-pulse HPM waveform. The main objective of Phase I is to identify novel designs for high power L-band FSS’s by carrying out detailed analysis of design concepts to assess their advantages and disadvantages in terms of bandwidth, resonance, scan volume/angle performance, power handling, thickness, weight, fabrication processes, and production cost. A prototype FSS coupon suitable for proof-of-principle experimentation shall then be fabricated and limited proof-of-principle experiments shall be performed on the coupon. A Phase II Development Plan shall then be devised based on the Phase I results.BENEFIT: The main benefit of this Phase I effort is an L-band HPM FSS radome design that achieves a desired balance between pulse shape preservation and frequency response while also maximizing the radome breakdown voltage. The design will be used to build an FSS test coupon and perform limited proof-of-principle tests that demonstrate the electromagnetic characteristics of the design at low power. It is anticipated that the HPM FSS radome developed under this effort can be scaled to frequencies above or below the L-band frequency spectrum, and can therefore be modified to accommodate HPM systems having different operating frequencies, polarizations, bandwidths, and scan volume/angle dependence requirements. Finally, although the intended use of the HPM FSS radome being designed here is as a band-pass radome, the methods used for this program could likewise be leveraged to design band-stop radomes. The purpose of an HPM band-stop radome would be one of protection against HPM weapons. BRC anticipates that the HPM FSS technology derived from this effort will have immediate potential and application for high-power pulsed radar, counter-mine and counter improvised explosive device systems, counter-electronic systems, electromagnetic interference testing, and wireless power transmission technologies. |
| Prime Research, LC
1750 Kraft Dr Ste 1000-B Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 961-2200
Raymond Rumpf AF 08-009 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Non-Resonant Frequency Selective Surfaces for High Power Applications |
| Abstract: | Prime Research LC and the University of Central Florida propose the development of a novel class of non-resonant frequency selective surfaces (NREFSSs) for high power operation. The devices use little or no metals and prevent localized high field intensities by avoiding resonance. The structures themselves will be much smaller than the free space wavelength and thickness of the substrates will be at least one order of magnitude smaller than can be achieved using conventional approaches. Two topologies will be investigated: (1) metallo-dielectric structures, and (2) all-dielectric structures. The technology is easily extended to lower frequency bands due their extremely small size relative to the free space wavelength. The design methodologies developed in this effort will provide the ability to synthesize any desired frequency response. The FSS itself will provide a highly stable frequency response that is essentially insensitive to angle of incidence and polarization of the applied wave allowing the structures to possess a field- of-view of +/- 70 degrees. Phase I will design and test NREFSSs at low power. Phase II will include Lockheed Martin as a partner and perform high power testing at their facilities. BENEFIT:The frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) developed in this effort will have an extraordinary capability for handling high power due to their non-resonant behavior and be able to withstand 100 ns electromagnetic pulses at least 1 MW/cm^2 in field strength. This will enable systems to be developed that protect military and commercial aerospace vehicles from electromagnetic pulse attacks. Further, the technology can be applied to engineer the radar cross section of high power radomes and to protect antenna systems from strong electromagnetic interference. The proposed technology is highly versatile and can be applied across an enormous span of wavelength bands. |
| Scientific Applications & Research Assoc., Inc.
6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(903) 566-7687
Robert Koslover AF 08-009 Awarded: 2/4/2009 |
| Title: | RCS-Reduction and EMI-Suppression Technology for HPM Antennas |
| Abstract: | Successful platform-integration of high power microwave (HPM) directed energy weapons (DEW) poses very demanding challenges. Unwanted radiation (near-field and far-field) and surface currents locally induced around HPM aperture boundaries raise serious risks of suicide (effects upon the host platform) and fratricide (effects upon nearby friendly or non-targeted systems). These risks must be addressed, and substantially reduced, before such systems can be operated and fielded with confidence. In addition, the nature of anticipated HPM-based missions is such that avoidance of radar detection (or at least, identification) of the platform is highly desirable. Unfortunately, high-gain HPM antennas can exhibit large radar cross sections (RCS) that enhance both detection and identification. Established antenna RCS-suppression techniques, which operate primarily as frequency filters (i.e., frequency selective surfaces, or FSS) tend to concentrate electric fields at dense arrays of locations across apertures. For an HPM- transmitting aperture, this encourages breakdown and severely limits realizable output power per area. We propose to develop practical, realizable, innovative engineering solutions to both types of problems via a methodical program of analyses, modeling, design, and experimentation that will: (1) extend usable FSS RCS-reduction technology into the HPM-capable domain; and (2) establish novel and effective platform- and HPM- compatible EMI-suppression methods.BENEFIT:HPM-compatible RCS-reduction and EMI-suppression are essential enabling technologies for successful military applications of HPM-based directed energy weapons (DEW). Technology resulting from this project will speed advancement/transition of HPM-based directed energy weaponry from the laboratory to the warfighter. Commercial technology spinoffs and applications in EMI suppression are also possible. |
| MZA Associates Corporation
2021 Girard SE Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(561) 747-6881
Donald Link AF 08-010 Awarded: 1/30/2009 |
| Title: | Innovative UAV-to-satellite communication link concepts using adaptive optics |
| Abstract: | Covertness of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) could be enhanced by replacing the radio frequency communications link with a laser communication (lasercomm) link. But, in order to have a large enough field of regard, the lasercomm system requires a heavy mechanical gimbal mounted in a dome. This produces a turbulent aero-optics boundary layer that induces mechanical jitter and distorts the lasercomm beam with high spatial and temporal frequency aberrations. A conventional adaptive optics (AO) system designed to correct the aberrations would have a deformable mirror (DM) with hundreds of moving actuators, greatly impacting size, weight, and power (SWAP) requirements. This effort will investigate replacing the gimbal and dome with a wide angle steering system (WASS) based on a volume Bragg grating and liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LCSLM). Without the dome, the aero-optics boundary layer will be inviscid, greatly reducing the amplitude and spatio-temporal frequencies of the aberrations. The mechanical DM could then be replaced by another LCSLM, further decreasing SWAP. This effort will include a preliminary design of the WASS and LCSLM AO systems, a prediction of the aero-optics flow-fields, and a wave-optics prediction of the cumulative distribution function of the lasercomm received power.BENEFIT:For any airborne optical system, replacing the gimbal and dome with a Wide Angle Steering System (WASS) could greatly reduce the size, weight, and power (SWAP) requirements and produce a much more benign aero- optical boundary layer. This would mitigate the aero-mechanical jitter problem and reduce the amplitude and spatio-temporal frequency requirements of the adaptive optics (AO) system enough so that the mechanical deformable mirror (DM) could be replaced by a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM), further decreasing SWAP and also increasing reliability. The LCSLM AO system investigated in this effort could also be beneficial in other applications that do not require a very high temporal frequency. A satellite based optical system might also benefit from the lower SWAP of a WASS relative to a mechanical gimbal. In addition to the optical system design, significant capabilities will be added to one of the governments standard wave optics codes and it will be used to predict performance of both conventional systems and the new designs. |
| Nutronics, Inc.
3357 Chasen Dr. Cameron Park, CA 95682 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 524-7933
Jeffrey D. Barchers AF 08-010 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | Micro Adaptive-optics Unit |
| Abstract: | As the number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the U. S. inventory increases, and the number and capability of sensors installed on UAVs increases there is a growing need for high bandwidth communication to provide real time data streams to in theatre and CONUS command centers. Optical communication provides a potential route to provide high bandwidth communication links from UAVs to satellites. Topic Area AF 08-010 establishes top level requirements for such an optical communication system. Nutronics has performed a system engineering based flowdown of the requirements in the Topic Area description and determine an optimal path for a Micro Adaptive-optics Unit (MAU). Nutronics converged to an innovative solution leveraging sound technologies with a high probability of program success based on use of analysis of fade probability distributions to assess subsystem requirements. Nutronics system engineering evaluation eliminated such attractive approaches as phased arrays and gradient descent methods and converged to the MAU approach. Nutronics proposed approach leverages innovative component technologies and innovative configurations to minimize system footprint and to meet or exceed the requirements set forth in Topic Area AF 08-010.BENEFIT:The proposed effort has numerous potential benefits and commercial applications, including (but not limited to): laser communication, space situational awareness, astronomical ground based imaging, laser radar, laser rangefinding, air-base defense, ship self- defense, and tactical precision strike. |
| AEgis Technologies Group, Inc.
631 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-0802
Milan Buncick AF 08-013 Awarded: 3/30/2009 |
| Title: | New Laser Eye Protection (LEP) Technology for Visors |
| Abstract: | Laser eye protection has become increasingly important due to the availability of laser sources (continuous and pulsed) over a broad range of wavelengths. This is particularly the case where table top femtosecond laser pulses (~50femtoseconds) with peak powers reaching the Terawatt scale are commercially available in the visible and near infrared. The military uses many laser systems (e.g., training devices, range finders, target designators, communications devices) that emit potentially eye damaging radiation. Because personnel risk exposure to these devices, a growing need exists for eye protection at a variety of wavelengths for both CW and pulsed sources. The objective of this proposal is to develop transparent metallo-dielectric multilayer stacks that functions as a laser eye protection coating. We will design and construct multilayer stacks that provide a high transparency window in the visible spectrum but block both UV and IR light. The coating will have sufficient optical density to protect the eye from damage by laser radiation in these two spectral regions. As part of the Phase I effort we will build and test these stacks on both rigid and flexible substrates in order to provide a wide variety of protection applications. The Phase I work will also produce a technology development and demonstrate plan for the proposed solution that will be executed in Phase II. BENEFIT:The LEP technology solution will create a passive barrier that protects against both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed laser emissions, will be compatible with incorporation into a polycarbonate visor during molding, and not be angularly dependent. Because of dramatically increased use of military laser systems The U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy all have requirements for increased requirements for LEP for personnel. Potentially any commercial field that uses lasers or laser eye protection (e.g., medical/dental laser surgery, lab technicians, welding, manufacturing, and laser research) can benefit from develop of LEP technology |
| General Opto Solutions, LLC
1366 Ridge Master Drive State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-5982
Claire (Fang) Luo AF 08-013 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Wide angle laser eye protector using 3D anisotropic metal-dielectric nanostructures |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this proposed research effort is to develop a novel laser eye protector (LEP) for visors, which can not only offer a high transmittance (over 85%) in the visible spectral range and a high blocking rate (OD 4) in the near IR spectral range but also be angular insensitive so that it can be applied to the highly curved or complex- shaped visors. The key innovation of the proposed system is harnessing an unconventional, anisotropic metal and dielectric integrated nanostructured coating. The major advantages of the proposed LEP technology include following aspects: (1) it is highly transparent in the visible spectral range, (2) it can totally block the IR spectrum, (3) it has an ultra sharp transition from the transmissive visible spectrum to the blocking IR spectrum, (4) it is angular insensitive, (5) it works for both the CW and the pulsed laser beam, (6) it is fully compatible with the avionics display on the inside surface of a visor, and (7) it will not generate any negative factors such as haze and distortion. BENEFIT: The successful completion of the proposed research effort represents a major technology breakthrough in LEP because it can be applied to the highly curved and complex shaped surface without deteriorating its performance in terms of transmittance in the visible range and blocking rate in the near IR. It will have a great impact on both the military applications (such as LEP for visors) and the civilian usages (such as medical/dental laser surgery, solar window, and improving the light bulb illumination efficiency). |
| Kent Optronics, Inc
40 Corporate Park Drive Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(845) 897-0138
Ben Tang AF 08-013 Awarded: 3/17/2009 |
| Title: | Lightweight Low Cost Universal Laser Eye Protection (LEP) Device for Visors |
| Abstract: | In this SBIR Phase I proposal, we intend to develop a lightweight low cost and universal Laser Eye Protection (LEP) device for military visors. The technology base is the special liquid crystal photonic crystal. This passive LEP, different from narrow band dielectric coatings and holograms, exhibits a broadband reflection with sharp spectral edges. It avoids almost all the common problems associated with the dielectric coatings and holograms. The LEP is made on flexible and self-adhesive plastic sheet such that it can be easily applied to production visors with irregular shape and curvature without being affected by the PC molding procedure. It is also compatible with the neutral tint (dye) to minimize the internal reflection. The LEP is also superior to dye based LEPs in terms of visible transmittance, visible color appearance, laser damage threshold, and material stability during the visor molding process. The LEP possesses high optical density (>4) to against laser beam having different incidence of angle till 70o. It allows luminous transmittance of >85%, and neutral color. In Phase I, demo LEP will be produced to show the capability. In Phase II working prototype(s) will be developed followed by extensive field-test till all the specifications are met.BENEFIT:The major application of these technologies is for eyewear protection goggle with wide spectral range for the Army warfighters. Specifically, they will be integrated into a head- or helmet-mounted display to prevent operator¡¯s eyes from laser injury. It could be adapted for pilots and soldiers of other military such as Army, NAVY, and Marine. Due to its superior optical performance, the new technology will penetrate into a vast amount of market currently occupied by protection goggle technologies. The technology(s) can be easily adapted to civil law enforcement personnel with similar applications that desire wide transmission range and fast transmission level change rates. Or it can be used in many other sports and recreational activities where the performance of current products suffer to satisfy. |
| Luminit, LLC
20600 Gramercy Place, Suite 203 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-1066
Kevin Yu AF 08-013 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Laser Eye Protective Technology Polycarbonate Visor with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles |
| Abstract: | To protect the vision of Air Force aircrew and personnel from near-infrared (NIR) light (700 nm to 1350 nm), Luminit, LLC proposes to design and fabricate a new Laser Eye Protection polycarbonate visor incorporating high NIR absorbing nanocomposites (LEP- POLY_NANO). Surface-modified metal oxide nanoparticles can be incorporated into highly curved and complex-shaped visors during molding to create a passive barrier that protects against continuous wave and pulsed laser emissions without angular dependence. These nanocomposites are responsible for strong NIR absorption band from 700 nm to 1350 nm, yet they retain a high transmittance of the 380 nm to 700 nm visible band. Due to the nanocomposite size, this new technology will not introduce haze, distortion, aberration, prism or artifacts that would impair visual performance or create distractions in the visual field, and it will not degrade the ballistic protection properties of the polycarbonate. In Phase I, Luminit will assess the technology feasibility and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology by designing, fabricating, and validating an LEP-POLY_NANO that meets Air Force specifications for LEP. Phase II will focus on technology optimization and on carrying out the technology development plan to deliver visors incorporating LEP-POLY_NANO technology with supporting performance data.BENEFIT:The LEP-POLY_NANO developed in this project can be manufactured as highly curved and complex-shaped visors for laser eye protection for both the military and civilian commercial markets. This unique process, incorporating the nanocomposites with high NIR absorption and high visible light transmittance, make it welcome for occupational and industrial safety in any field that employs lasers. Commercial and military pilots, tank drivers, gunners, missile control personnel, laser researchers and laser surgery personnel are a few examples of markets that would readily embrace the proposed LEP-POLY_NANO technology. |
| Nanospectra Biosciences, Inc.
8285 El Rio Street, Ste 150 Houston, TX 77054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(713) 748-3903
Glenn Goodrich AF 08-013 Awarded: 3/17/2009 |
| Title: | Laser Eye Protection for Visors Using Plasmon Resonant Particles |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR proposal involves the design and development of a military-use visor that provides laser eye protection using plasmon resonant particles (PRPs). The near- infrared protection is provided by embedding optically tunable nanoparticles within the polycarbonate matrix of the visor. These PRPs may be selected to provide extinction of high-intensity near-infrared radiation while allowing the maximum transmission in the visible spectrum. This proposal will draw from a broader range of PRPs to provide LEP from NIR radiation. As demonstrated in prior work, PRPs may be uniformly distributed in a variety of materials which are similar to polycarbonate, the preferred visor material. BENEFIT:The principal applications of the proposed product will be military, but there are also significant potential commercial uses. We also believe this proposal is forward- thinking the principal needs and size of the commercial market are based on the development of military technology by potential enemies of the United States as well as future events. In the short range, this work has a potential use in aviation and by combat troops. Commercial uses include laser operators and industrial applications that generate near-infrared illumination (e.g., glass workers). |
| Neva Ridge Technologies, Inc.
6685 Gunpark Drive Suite 230 Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 443-9966
Richard Carande AF 08-014 Awarded: 3/26/2009 |
| Title: | Multimodal Synthetic Aperture Radar (MM-SAR) Exploitation |
| Abstract: | Coherent and non-coherent change detection algorithms produced from SAR imagery have enormous intelligence value due to their sensitivity to change. But they are also difficult to interpret because of high false alarm rates and because of the basic statistical nature of SAR imagery which makes automatic filtering algorithms very difficult to robustly implement. This necessitates man-in-the-loop analysis in order to obtain favorable false alarm and detection probability rates. The challenge gets both better and worse as SAR data becomes more prevalent; more information provides an opportunity to improve false alarm rate, but without more sophisticated processing data overload results. Neva Ridge Technologies proposes to improve the interpretability of change detection products. This includes identification and masking of pixels with an elevated false alarm rate due to well understood phenomenological processes. It also includes adaptive processing to perform spatial averaging in a way that avoids edges, thus preserving resolution. We also propose to study the correlation of change signatures in multiple change detection products. This has two important benefits: improving performance in persistent surveillance operations, and combining and reducing the amount of imagery which would need to be interpreted by an IA. We also propose concepts for improved display products.BENEFIT:This work effort would contribute target detection and recognition algorithms for which there is significant interest in the DoD and intelligence community. This capability could also be used in civilian applications such as land use classification and monitoring, watershed and aquifer health, and hazard management. |
| Radiance Technologies Inc.
350 Wynn Drive Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 489-3831
Mike Smith AF 08-014 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | Multimodal Synthetic Aperture Radar (MM-SAR) Exploitation |
| Abstract: | This topic will address the need to increase the image analyst''''s ability to compare SAR images of a common scene taken at different times, also known as change detection. Within this study pixel level (coherent) and aggregate level (non-coherent) change detection methods will define two dimensions of a trade space to quantify the means and methods needed to enhance AF change detection abilities. In addition to the change detection methods a third dimension of the trade space will be the use of sub-aperture processing for the purpose of reveling otherwise obstructed targets which will complement one or both change detection methods.BENEFIT:The successful fielding of this technology will reduce Intel production timelines through semi-automated image cueing processes. Attention focusing filters will motivate Image analyst to concentrate on areas of suspected interest, thus allowing greater amounts of image data to be exploited. This program will also reduce false positive by cross cueing different exploitation methods thus allowing independent correlation from different methods. |
| Scientific Systems Company, Inc
500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Carl Frost AF 08-014 Awarded: 3/26/2009 |
| Title: | Innovative MM-SAR Exploitation Tools Using CCD, NCCD, and DI |
| Abstract: | 1.1 There is significant interest in the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherent change detection (CCD), non-coherent change detection (NCCD), and dynamic imaging (DI) modes to support image analysts in their exploitation of SAR imagery. Military and nonmilitary applications of these technologies include the persistent surveillance of urban areas, terrain characterization, 3-D imaging of building complexes and other numerous forensic applications. But the non-literal nature of SAR imagery has kept it from being utilized to its fullest capabilities, and there is a need to develop innovative methods to effectively utilize these SAR imaging modes in the overall exploitation process. SSCI proposes to perform research necessary to the development of new, significantly enhanced exploitation tools that most effectively use these SAR modes in synergistic fashion, combining the modes in a way that takes advantage of the strengths of each mode while minimizing the effects of their respective weaknesses.BENEFIT:In this SBIR project, SSCI will develop a toolkit for image exploitation using multi-modal SAR. A robust and feature-rich toolkit will accelerate the adoption and fielding of these SAR systems. The commercialization applications of this research range from ground-based radar to airborne and unmanned aircraft systems. |
| Harsh Environment Applied Technologies Inc.
6390 Crain Hwy Suite 102 La Plata, MD 20646 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 934-7000
David Siviter AF 08-015 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Binocular Multispectral Adaptive Imaging System (BMAIS) |
| Abstract: | Currently, pilots in the Air Force do not have a visualization system that enables day/night/adverse weather operations. Instead, fielded day and night vision technologies are not integrated and do not meet the requirements of the pilots under many illumination conditions. The primary goal of HEAT Inc. is to design and then develop a revolutionary pilot HMD visualization system that enables day/night/adverse weather operations by leveraging prior experience and technologies from HEAT Inc.s development of SWIR Monocular and ADM NVG systems for USSOCOM as well as HEAT Inc.s work within the DARPA MISI program.BENEFIT:The proposed design for a HMD visualization system that enables day/night/adverse weather operations can be applied to multiple commercial applications. HEAT Inc. believes there is a significantly sized military and commercial market requiring such a visualization system. Two major commercial applications are: 1. Homeland Security Operations Homeland Security operations such as coastal and border patrol require such a system to enable a pilot to operate during the day, night and during adverse weather conditions. For coastal and border patrols, Homeland Security pilots have a significant need to increase their situational awareness in all possible conditions. 2. Commercial Aircraft Operations Just as an Air Force pilot needs to have increased perception and situational awareness in all day/night conditions, a commercial aircraft pilot needs the same. Such a system could be used by commercial pilots to increase their field of view, perception and situational awareness. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Electro-Optics Systems Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Jason Holmstedt AF 08-015 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Sensor-Fused Multispectral Adaptive Imaging Low-Power Low-Weight Helmet-Mounted Display |
| Abstract: | To address the Air Force need for a binocular multispectral adaptive imaging system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new clip-on Sensor-Fused Multispectral Adaptive Imaging Low-Power Low-Weight Helmet-Mounted Display (SMALL- HMD) system. This proposed system is based on advanced low-power multispectral sensors and adaptive fusion algorithm that overlay multispectral digital imagery with computer-generated symbology and presenting the resulting image in real time to the user on a low-profile see-through holographic HMD. The innovations in SMALL-HMD include optical tiling of visible/NIR and SWIR images using a small on-helmet common optics and adaptively fusing these images with tactical symbology (including imagery from other aircraft-mounted sensors, such as LWIR) in a 40-degree FOV with 100% binocular overlap and 1:1 magnification. The compact and low-power SMALL-HMD can be integrated with a clip-on ANVIS-compatible helmet mount. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SMALL-HMD by providing a laboratory demonstration of a single-color see-through minimum resolution (640 x 512 pixels) fused image containing at least SWIR, NIR, and symbology. In Phase II, POC plans to develop a high resolution (1280 x 1024 pixels) SMALL-HMD clip-on prototype that meets the space weight ergonomic and power (SWEP) requirements for current helmets.BENEFIT:Military applications of the SMALL-HMD system will include multispectral fused imagery for use in both fixed-wing and rotorcraft fleets, as well as special forces operations. The SMALL-HMD system can be incorporated by the U.S. Air Force into the current F-22 and future F-35 fighters, the HH-60 Pave Hawk search-and-rescue helicopter, and ground vehicles using SWIR headlamps that only the driver/passengers can see. We anticipate widespread appeal of the SMALL-HMD technology to such nonmilitary applications as Homeland Security search-and-rescue operations, firefighting, gaming HMD, flight simulators, and other immersive display systems, including medical and CAD/CAE 3D image displays, and virtual reality displays for endoscopy/laparoscopy. |
| Sage Technologies, Ltd.
One Ivybrook Boulevard Suite 190 Warminster, PA 18974 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 658-0500
Wesley Sheridan AF 08-015 Awarded: 3/19/2009 |
| Title: | Binocular Multispectral Adaptive Imaging System (BMAIS) |
| Abstract: | The proposed system is a helmet mounted system that will incorporate a visible, near infrared, and short wave infrared (Vis/NIR/SWIR) camera technology with dual imaging lenses placed just above the operators eyes. The BMAIS is expected to provide high resolution multi-spectral imagery to pilots and to operational personnel with similar requirements. The intention is to provide the combination of binocular field of view and light weight/low moment arm that will allow for a possible replacement for PNVG systems that rely on image intensifier (I2) technology. The Sage Team will use recent developments in SWIR digital FPA technology combined with advanced image displays, and a small powerful image processor chip. The result will be a small binocular device that is expected to provide about 40° by 40° FOV with resolution comparable to the GEN IV NVGs. while providing sensitivity for 24/7 vision enhancement capability. The system is fully digital allowing image enhancement algorithms and fusion of other sensor suites such as FLWIR, other symbology, and lower weight.BENEFIT:Sage foresees that the BMAIS has potential in four distinct markets: Military, Government Agencies, Municipal, and Commercial. The Military market has the need for enhanced night vision sensor capabilities, advanced reconnaissance sensors and combat infantry augmented night vision. Government Agencies in both Law Enforcement and Covert Operations have needs for enhanced night vision capabilities as used by the military. Border monitoring and perimeter protection for Government facilities throughout the world will make good use of the BMAIS. Police and SWAT surveillance and intrusion tasks will be enhanced by the use of the BMAIS. First responders can use this technology to quickly provide SWIR functions in cases of natural or terrorist disasters. The Commercial market for the BMAIS will be primarily for perimeter defense of strategic facilities, such as nuclear plants and volatile material manufacturing plants. |
| 21st Century Systems, Incorporated
6825 Pine Street, Suite 141 Omaha, NE 68106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 954-6049
Amber Fischer AF 08-016 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Video20/20 |
| Abstract: | The monitoring of multiple UAV video sources is challenging, in part, due to the poor quality of the video received. Significant video degrading is caused by clouds, haze, and dust in the atmosphere; jitter and blurring from the UAV platform motion; and low video resolution due to sensor characteristics and high altitude flying. Higher quality video would alleviate much of the challenge for the operator, increasing the likelihood that they will detect and identify targets and increase their confidence in the presence and type of targets. In addition, improving the quality of video would increase the autonomous detection and tracking capabilities that support the operators ability to interpret the images and make timely decisions. 21st Century Systems, Incorporated is excited to apply our extensive video analytics expertise to develop Video20/20, an innovative real-time EO/IR video-enhancement toolset. Video20/20 is a set of software tools that provide in real- time haze-free, stabilized video with higher resolution and contrast enhancement making it easier to detect and distinguish enemy activities in EO/IR video collected from UAV platforms. The software tools will be designed for improving the image quality of UAV EO/IR video for both human interpretation and to improve autonomous detection and tracking capabilities. BENEFIT:There is an immediate need for this video enhancement capability in all branches of the DoD. Unmanned Systems technology has been revolutionized during the current OIF and OEF conflicts, and we can expect to see even more of them in future conflicts. UAVs have performed thousands of ISR missions (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) in support of ongoing operations. They have greatly expanded the level of real-time intelligence available to the warfighter. Despite the many recent advances in Unmanned Systems technology, there are many technical challenges yet to overcome. The limitation of the value of any ISR platform is the ability of a human operator to interpret actionable intelligence from the video stream. Soldiers, Airmen, and Image Analysts are currently hampered by video that is often low- quality and difficult to interpret. By developing a tool that can improve image quality, we can greatly improve the tactical value of every Micro and Small UAV in service. Our system will enable a next-generation capability for UAV operation. It will allow an operator to interpret data from a single UAV much more easily, with less fatigue and eyestrain, and provide greater situational awareness than existing systems. It will also allow the same operator to more easily monitor multiple UAV video streams and be able to interpret and act on them with minimal effort. By cleaning up the imagery, the operator will be able to maintain a much greater understanding of the ground situation with less effort on their part. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Jonah McBride AF 08-016 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Video and Image Enhancement Workbench for Aerial Surveillance and Tracking (VIEW-FAST) |
| Abstract: | Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a critical part of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and Close Air Support-Troops in Contact (CAS-TIC) missions. Aerial imagery can provide ground forces with critical information about enemy capabilities and locations. However, monitoring video imagery from an aerial platform is often challenging due to poor image quality and other issues which reduce image interpretability, such as platform/sensor instability, target size, and environmental artifacts. These issues can make it difficult or impossible to discover and monitor important targets and events. To address this problem, we propose a suite of algorithms called Video and Image Enhancement Workbench for Aerial Surveillance and Tracking (VIEW-FAST). VIEW-FAST consists of four modules: (1) image correction to correct blur and boost contrast, (2) image stabilization to compensate for camera shake, (3) super- resolution to reveal fine scene details, and (4) target tracking to reduce the burden on the operators attention and allow multi-tasking. This system will increase sensor operator effectiveness in ISR and CAS-TIC missions, making them more successful and reducing personnel requirements.BENEFIT:The clearest commercial application of this technology is the thousands of UAV imaging platforms currently deployed by various branches of the DoD for ISR and close air support. Other applications include border patrol, search and rescue, news media and law enforcement pursuit. |
| Cornerstone Research Group, Inc.
2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Elizabeth P Zinsser AF 08-017 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Smart, Rapid-Response Jettison System for Helmet Mounted Displays |
| Abstract: | Modern combat aircraft use advanced human interface technology, such as Helmet Mounted Display Systems (HMDS), which give crewmembers increased situational awareness. However, such systems also add weight to a helmet, which increases the risk of injury in the event of a crash or ejection due to the change in inertia and aerodynamics of the crewmember. To counter this problem, mechanical release systems that disengage under high acceleration were developed. However, accelerations during air combat maneuvers (ACM) can approach or exceed those felt during an ejection or crash (EC) event. Simple mechanical releases cannot differentiate between these situations, and therefore may disengage the HMDS during ACM or normal operation. CRG proposes a unique sensor and algorithm system to distinguish between the two scenarios and create a jettison system that only releases during ejection/crash. This involves innovative sensor positioning allowing a faster reaction time than current helmet mounted sensors alone. Combined stimuli sensing, which takes advantage of the change in environment during EC, can be used to differentiate between the two scenarios, leading to minimization of false positive release. Incorporating rapid-response, micro sensors and actuators will enable this technology in a compact, self-contained package, requiring no aircraft modification.BENEFIT:Operational Benefits: (1) Reduction of injury during ejection or crash when using a HMDS, (2) Reduction of unwanted release during combat maneuvers, and (3) requires no aircraft modification. Commercial Applications: (1) Miniature automobile crash recognition sense and respond, (2) High- adventure recreation safety, and (3) commercial and general aviation. |
| Diversified Technical Systems, Inc.
909 Electric Ave Suite 206 Seal Beach, CA 90740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 493-0158
Michael Beckage AF 08-017 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Smart Automatic Jettisoning Device for Helmet Mounted Display System (HMDS) |
| Abstract: | Various helmet mounted display systems (HMDS) are currently used on aircrew helmets to enhance night vision and provide targeting and aircraft systems information. Safety concerns regarding HMDS typically center on the additional weight to the helmet and the change to the helmet center of gravity that can increase the probability of injury under eject conditions or crash landings. The objectives of this solicitation are to perform analysis of helmet motions during standard air combat maneuvers, ejections, and crashes and develop an algorithm to differentiate between these conditions. A prototype electronic system will then be developed, exposed to these environments and tested to see if the conditions can be differentiated. To meet these objectives, this Phase I proposal is for a Real Time Sensing System (RTSS) that contains a triaxial accelerometer, a microprocessor and associated electronic circuits and is designed to monitor acceleration in real time to reliably detect whether an eject or crash event has occurred. The RTSS will be an ultra small, lightweight, low power electronic device that can be integrated into the HMDS mount and contains a sophisticated algorithm that can release the HMDS if an eject or crash event is detected.BENEFIT:In addition to the application in military aircrew helmets, there is also potential for broader commercial application for a smart sensor event detection system. Applications include sports equipment (football, hockey, etc.) and personal safety equipment. The prediction of potential mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) would be tremendously valuable as TBI is not well understood, but it affects millions of children and adults in the U.S. each year. |
| Mide Technology Corporation
200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 306-0609
Attila Lengyel AF 08-017 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Smart Automatic Jettisoning Device for HMDS |
| Abstract: | Current Helmet Mounted Display Systems (HMDS) are mounted to aircrew members helmets to improve performance by providing night vision enhancement, by enabling look- and-shoot weapons cueing systems, and by providing continuous aircraft information to the crewmember. The added weight and resulting center of gravity shift of these systems can increase the probability of injury to the crewmember in the event of ejection or crash landing. The additional surface area of the HMDS can also increase aerodynamic loading during ejection which also results in an increase to the probability of injury. Creation of simple force/acceleration HMDS release systems have been developed and tested, but these systems have been unacceptable since helmet accelerations encountered during air combat maneuvers (ACM) can be near or can exceed the peak accelerations encountered during ejections. A need for a better solution exists. Midé proposes to develop a SMA based system to reliably release the HMDS only during crash and ejection scenarios. The challenge is to discern between normal aircraft maneuvers and a crash or ejection event. In order to accomplish this, Midé plans to utilize its piezoelectric based sensors calibrated in a manner where this differentiation can take place. BENEFIT: Potential military applications of this technology could benefit users of night vision goggles (including ANVIS-9, PNVG, and the developmental NVCD) and other modern display systems (i.e., JHMCS, JSF). In the commercial sector, this technology could be used for items like auto binder releases on skis/snowboards and possibly as a real-time warning system if an athlete is likely to suffer from concussions/injuries due to impact in contact sports. |
| Holochip Corporation
4940 W. 147th Street Hawthorne, CA 90250 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 906-1064
Robert Batchko AF 08-019 Awarded: 4/20/2009 |
| Title: | A Full-Parallax High-brightness Large-Format Floating-Image Solid-State 3D Display |
| Abstract: | There is an acute need for high-brightness, full-parallax, large-image, wide-FOV 3-D display systems. In order for a display system to meet the requirements of these applications, it must be: solid-state; rugged; viewable with full parallax anywhere in a 30º or greater FOV by any number of users without the need for goggles or eye tracking; high brightness, resolution and color (viewable in room- and day light; scalable in image size from handheld devices to table-tops; compact in size; and enabled with input device for easy interactivity. The aim of this program is to prove the feasibility of a 3-D display capable of meeting these requirements. The optical processor is based on Holochips patented solid-state combinatorial optical architecture and APL adaptive polymer lenses. The fast response of the adaptive lenses and low-f/# and wide aperture allows rapid z- axis scanning and a large FOV of the projected volumetric image. These and other advantages, including greatly reducing the SWaP compared to existing approaches, enable a 3-D display that is uniquely suitable for a number of applications.BENEFIT: The introduction of the first high-performance 3D display system to achieve ALL of the industrys price/performance requirements will create a multibillion dollar opportunity for growth and capture in this market. By producing the first high-performance volumetric display to meet all of the 3D industrys requirements, Holochip will have an opportunity to leverage a revolutionarily differentiated product into the 3D market, ignite new market growth and dominate the 3D display arena. The economy will stand to benefit greatly from this new market and market-segment growth with increased demand for computer peripherals, entertainment and other 3D technologies that provide a premium over flat 2D displays. Further, the growth of the 3D industry will be a benefit to all parts of the supply chain from components manufacturers to parts vendors to systems integrators to manufacturers. And, the new 3D market will be large enough to support multiple competitors at each level of the supply chain. Other industries, such as medicine, education and chemical engineering, will also stand to benefit from this growth, as the new technologies and ways of thinking will likely be spawned from a renaissance in 3D display. Potential markets for a high-performance volumetric display include: Consumer: video games, education, information display, 3D Television; Medical: data visualization, preoperative planning, radiotherapy, computer-assisted surgery, reconstructive surgery, cosmetic surgery, telepresence surgery, surgical training; Industrial: petro/geo chemical, pharmaceutical, telepresence robotics, industrial control, network visualization; CAD/CAE: virtual prototyping, computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, design review, architecture, micro/nano design, tactile testing; Military/Government: simulation, command and control, mission planning, cockpit/cabin information, intelligence, air traffic control, UAV tasking; Computer Graphics: character design, animation, artistic, digital clay, tactile animation; and Scientific: data visualization, atmospheric, oceanography, material design & development, astronomy, energy research. Users of the technology will include parties |
| MNB Technologies, Inc.
1194 E Winners Cir. Bloomington, IN 47401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(812) 824-8226
Nicola V. Granny AF 08-019 Awarded: 3/27/2009 |
| Title: | Full Multiplex Holographic Display (FMHD) |
| Abstract: | Our novel, holistic approach to real time synthetic holography will result in an end-to-end solution for synthesis and presentation of large format high definition polychromatic holograms at video frame rates. Since a holographic display without an associated system for interference pattern synthesis from non-holographic source media is of limited value, we propose parallel development of the large format display, real time synthesis engine, and software to provide input. Included in the hardware accelerated synthesis engine are computational modules to extrude a three dimensional image from live (or recorded) stereoscopic video feeds and to create synthetic coherent light illumination of the scene. Further, to keep the total development costs reasonable we will use a modified 60-inch COTS laser-based high definition projection television as the basis for the projector. We will also use COTS high performance reconfigurable computing modules and techniques to provide the requisite computational power for the three parallel video processing pipelines. The Phase I effort will result in a functional monochrome proof-of-concept vehicle that clearly demonstrates feasibility. The follow-on Phase II effort will produce a full performance polychromatic prototype system.BENEFIT: Commercialization of a practical RTSH system will prove beneficial to the DOD by: 1) dramatically improving both physical and cyber space visualization, 2) improving the ability of commanders to synthesize battlespace information into actionable knowledge, 3) improve warfighter effectiveness and safety through more realistic training, 4) improve the timeliness and accuracy of mission planning and after action analysis, 5) improve the ability of controllers to de-conflict the airspace in the theater of operations, 6) shorten the kill chain through improved asset coordination, 7) fusion of disparate sensor data into a intuitive format. Outside the DOD our RTSH system will introduce revolutionary improvement in the areas of: 1) medical imaging, 2) telemedicine, 3) surgical training, 4) scientific visualization, 5) fluid dynamics, 6) finite element analysis, 7) architecture and structural engineering, 8) disaster planning and management, 9) air traffic control, 10) cockpit safety, 11) process control, 12) drug discovery, 13) robotics, and 14) gaming and entertainment. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Electro-Optics and Systems Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Tin M. Aye AF 08-019 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Synthetic Holographic Integral Voxel Addressing 3D Display |
| Abstract: | To address Air Force need for a full-parallax digital video rate holographic three- dimensional (3D) display with gesture glove interface, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Synthetic Holographic Integral Voxel Addressing (SHIVA) 3D display that effectively projects true 3D images. The SHIVA technology is based on the principle of the holographic virtual window, which consists of thousands to millions of holopixels each producing samples of 2D holograms through intensity-modulated laser beamlet scanning in 2D. This unconventional design can be implemented with currently available solid-state laser diodes, high-resolution, high-speed spatial light modulators, uniquely integrated with beam-scanning monolithic liquid crystal scanner arrays, which capitalizes on recent advances in nanoscale electro-optic material and fabrication technologies. Unlike usual stereoscopic or multiview systems, the SHIVA system avoids the accommodation-convergence depth cue conflict and stereo-depth distortion, allowing multiple viewers to see 3D images from different directions with correct perspectives. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the concept through design and fabrication, and demonstration prototype to show pathways to full-color large-FOV and high-resolution multiviewer scalable system. In Phase II, POC will develop a video rate single- or full-color prototype SHIVA display system with a wearable data glove interface. BENEFIT:Military applications of the SHIVA 3D display system will span complex system visualization, battlespace management and planning, war theatre hazard analysis and simulation, flight deck displays, medical research, and personnel training in 3D simulators. Civilian commercial applications include homeland security, air traffic control, 3D design, scientific and engineering modeling, medical imaging, and entertainment. |
| Zebra Imaging, Inc.
9801 Metric Blvd Suite 200 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 583-1371
Mark Lucente AF 08-019 Awarded: 3/19/2009 |
| Title: | Full Multiplex Holographic Display (FMHD) |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of the scalable 3D display technology proposed by Zebra Imaging to produce realistic auto-viewable 3D images for Air Force applications related to air, space and cyberspace. A display producing such holographic images can provide intuitive visualization of three-dimensional (3D) data and scene information from a wide range of applications. Zebras technology will allow for rapid, interactive viewing of all types of 3D data, converting 3D scene data into a spatial image that occupies a 3D image volume, much like the holographic images produced by traditional (recorded) optical holograms. Animations and interactive content are displayed as bright true-3D images, viewed automatically (i.e., no special viewing apparatus), with full parallax for proper 3D perspective from every viewer position. The core technology combines custom (and off-the-shelf) components to control the amount and direction of emitted light-field. As will be shown in the Phase 1 effort, it provides accurate, unencumbered, scalable and updatable presentation of critical data for multiple users. It will provide the scalable, auto-viewable display that is necessary to depict multi sensor-acquired GIS and associated data, allowing real-time multi-user interactivity. BENEFIT:By producing spatial images with holographic realism, Zebra 3D displays become a valuable visualization tool. The display can be integrated with existing applications to facilitate communication of intelligence for team-based training, battle space management, mission planning and rehearsal, and interpretation of real-time data. This technology is therefore suitable for a wide spectrum of Department of Defense (DoD) applications, ideally those that include graphically-intense applications. The 3D display will accurately and intuitively present complex real-world data to facilitate rapid discernment and clear communication of intelligence to support decision making. It will satisfy an immediate and long-term growing need in a broad swath of sectors in the military, for operation mission planning and reconnaissance. As the number and sophistication level of sensors in the military theater increase, potentially critical data can lose utility without a means for rapid discernment and contextualization. Most of this data is co-located, visual, and occupies a three-dimensional volume, particularly urban data. Most display technologies that claim to provide 3D images fall short when visualizing this kind of data: they lack depth cues and therefore accuracy; many are not practical for multiple users; most are not scalable. |
| Bevilacqua Research Corporation
4901 Corporate Drive Suite B Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 882-6229
Andy Bevilacqua AF 08-020 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | Geospatial Intelligence Analyst Knowledge Preservation Tools |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a specific problem within the Intelligence community. Because of a lack of GEOINT tools for capturing storing and delivering expert knowledge from experienced analysts, new analysts have difficulty in quickly gaining the level of skill that those expert analysts possess. Recent work in cognitive science has shown that engineers presented with knowledge from domain experts in certain areas of expertise were able to perform tasks better after studying concept maps. This proposal suggests that an even more robust method would be to use conceptual graphs as a means to capture store and deliver domain expert knowledge for rapid training of new analysts. We show a design approach based upon the CORE toolset, an award winning set of Government owned cognitive tools for manipulating conceptual graphs. We also present a preliminary design as a baseline for the work to be accomplished in Phase I and describe our success over the years in the SBIR program.BENEFIT:If successful, the Phase I program will lay the groundwork for full-scale development of an expert domain knowledge capture storage and delivery system for the Intelligence community. The Phase I program should be able to identify those major knowledge-handling functions necessary to perform these tasks and to demonstrate some of their functionality. The Phase II program will fully develop and test the individual components and resolve key technical issues before going on to Phase III in which institutional funding will be sought to build a formal software architecture for corporate training. |
| Carbon Project, Inc.
25 Mall Road, Suite 300 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 491-9543
Jeff Harrison AF 08-020 Awarded: 4/16/2009 |
| Title: | Decision Support for Geospatial Intelligence Analysis |
| Abstract: | With improved precision of MTI sensors it is now possible to extract and analyze valuable information through smart algorithms. In particular, identifying Lines of Communication (LOC) is possible using current technologies, providing new GEOINT processes and products. In this SBIR we will identify characterized route topology and geography, linking flows and classifying routes by type. To do this we will apply techniques we have used effectively in geospatial data conflation, including deriving functional hypotheses based on geometric and inferred topological characteristics of dynamic data and associated geographic features. Our approach will develop algorithms to provide LOC characterization and fusion from MTI reports. For example, a series of adjacent MTI reports in a chain likely form a route. Combined with MTI velocity and direction vectors, and inference, these reports may provide characterization of the LOC. Our proposal links together two key technologies: an underlying algorithm set accessing geographic features, terrain and route topology that would be modified to extract LOC from MTI streams and a semantic framework which provides the basis for configuring and tuning rules to derive conclusions from geometric, topological and topographic assertions about LOC function. Our vision for the "end-state" of the Phase 1 research is a credible proof of concept demonstration.BENEFITS:The proposed approach can be integrated as an off-the-shelf toolkit product that wraps the core algorithms and is able to digest common MTI formats while producing common geospatial formats, such as Shapefiles and GML, for full geospatial interoperability. Furthermore we will advance new analysis and awareness front-end tools based on the product, as well as extend the algorithms to multiple sensor types. There is great potential to transition this solution to military application. Initial focus is on the defense, intelligence, command and control markets, where there is a great need for these types of solutions. In addition, with the growing complexity of border security challenges we see a strong potential for this solution in the homeland security and border surveillance market. |
| Radiance Technologies Inc.
350 Wynn Drive Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(228) 688-2569
Tom Strange AF 08-020 Awarded: 3/26/2009 |
| Title: | GEOINT Open Source Tool |
| Abstract: | The principle goals of this proposed activity, GEOINT Open Source Tool (GOST), are to research and demonstrate innovative exploitation and analysis processes and tools associated with the efficient integration of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) into Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) products. Increasingly, GEOINT imagery analysts (IA) professionals need to quickly assimilate social, economic, and cultural information about a country or imageinformation often detailed in open sources. The goal of this Phase I proposed activity is to design a GEOINT IA user-friendly system for the utilization of open source intelligence within a geospatial context. The system includes intuitive methods for discovering relevant OSINT, innovative interface for browsing, geospatially enabling existing open source intelligence data stores and geospatially enabling any future data acquisitions. The purpose behind creating a geospatially enabled data source is to make the data more relevant for a given operation and to decrease the information overload on the user of the open source intelligence. The GEOINT analyst, properly equipped with the proposed system, will be able to provide the rapid, responsive, accurate, and actionable intelligence required by Air Force decision makers today and tomorrow.BENEFIT:The research and development associated with the GEOint Open Source Tool (GOST) technology would result in significant enhancements to the geospatial intelligence production and dissemination methods. GEOint analysts need to quickly assimilate social, economic, and cultural information about a country or imageinformation often detailed in open sources, in sizes that can quickly overwhelm the analyst. The GOST will provide geographic access via Google or ESRI while providing techniques and methods to prioritize, geospatially enable and catalog the open source information. It will dramatically improve productivity for the GEOint analysts by improving information accession, interpretation, analysis and product development. The commercialization potential is high, ranging from defense industry companies to commercial geospatial production systems. |
| Ruth Wyatt
UAV Communications, Inc. 720 Thimble Shoals Blvd., Ste 116 Newport News, VA 23606 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 329-1808
Stephen Swift AF 08-020 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | Decision Support for Geospatial Intelligence Analysis |
| Abstract: | Geospatial data is growing exponentially. There are more sensors on more platforms, better sensors are collecting greater quantities of data, and new algorithms are deriving new geospatial information from existing data. This data growth and concomitant proliferation of GEOINT products have resulted in intelligence production volumes becoming the de facto proxy for intelligence value. Collection and production tallies are commonly and historically used by intelligence centers to demonstrate their contribution to the warfighter. But even in those nodes where production volumes are genuinely relevant metrics, they still tend to lack enough sophistication and detail to communicate their effectiveness and efficiency to decision makers. Even rarer are metric systems for determining the value of intelligence products to their users. Did it answer the Request for Information (RFI) completely and on time? Did it communicate the key points effectively? Did it contribute to decision superiority?BENEFIT:There is a realistic expectation that a successful implementation of Service Oriented Metrics Capture and Presentation (SOMCAP) will lead to a broadened base of metrics and metrics applications beyond GEOINT. Accordingly, this suggests opportunity for human effectiveness research into optimal models and algorithms for metrics calculation and presentation. It is expected that given an increase in metrics available to the ISR community, there will be a corollary need to research how metrics influence behavior. A sample list of questions which could be examined include: What kinds of metrics exert the greatest motivational influence on behavior? What periodicity of metric reporting results in the greatest positive influence while simultaneously minimizing data collection and reporting costs? What are effective strategies for encouraging customer feedback? To what extent are customer behaviors in the armed services similar to customers in the commercial economy? How should customer satisfaction thus be pursued? While we fully anticipate that research for this SBIR will point to answers to these questions, our current scope will be limited to the central challenge of overcoming data access gaps to focus squarely on GEOINT decision making. Once solved, research to further refine metrics strategies can flourish. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Ryan Kilgore, PhD AF 08-021 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | VIsual Representation Techniques for Integrated, Goal-Oriented Awareness (VIRTIGO) |
| Abstract: | Advanced network visualization techniques are required to improve cross-domain situation awareness and support goal-oriented decision-making within the AOC. To address this need, we propose to design and demonstrate novel VIsual Representation Techniques for Integrated, Goal-Oriented awareness (VIRTIGO). These VIRTIGO visualization techniques will support the flexible presentation of display interfaces that seamlessly integrate network health and status information and meta-information with other traditional AOC information resources and activities across air, space, and cyber domains. Three key components characterize our approach. First, to enhance situation awareness, we will use Ecological Interface Design methods to develop a set of display mechanisms that perceptually and cognitively integrate critical blue and red network health and status information with traditional AOC information resources. Second, to support the dynamic integration and rendering of heterogeneous information resources within these structures, we will develop a network visualization ontology that maps amorphous data sets onto information models suitable for flexible representation across a variety of visual display mechanisms. Third, to truly explore the complexities of developing visualization technologies for supporting effects-based planning in the AOC, will rapidly build upon in-house, ontology-based rendering methods and network visualization capabilities to develop and demonstrate a prototype of our VIRTIGO approaches.BENEFIT:We expect fully developed VIRTIGO visualization techniques to have immediate and tangible benefits across both government and commercial applications. Government applications include the development of battlespace visualization technologies that will improve warfighters decision-making response time and provide enhanced flexibility for mission planning by revealing affordances for leveraging, disrupting, or enhancing network connectivity. Commercial applications include improved network visualization capabilities through enhancements to Charles River Analytics CONNECT software tool for the rapid development, editing, analysis, and representation of social, organizational, and communications networks. |
| Smart Information Flow Technologies, d/b/a SIFT
211 N 1st St. Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 669-6224
Peggy Wu AF 08-021 Awarded: 3/13/2009 |
| Title: | Concepts for the Integrated Visualization of Effects (CONCEIVE) |
| Abstract: | As Air Operations Centers (AOCs) expand their capabilities by integrating space and cyberspace information into the air domain, the influx of relevant data must be presented to avoid information overload while enabling shorter planning cycles as well as an increasing variety of effects on an assortment of targets. Novel visualization techniques will be critical to ensure rapid comprehension of the current status and depict both kinetic and non-kinetic activities and their relationships to desired effects. These visualizations must seamlessly integrate network effects, health, and status with traditional operational data, even though these data sources may not be correlated in space and time. Beyond the ad-hoc creation of visualization devices, what is needed is a sound methodology with which system capabilities can be systematically matched with user needs and novel visualization designs can emerge. SIFT proposes to combine a novel adaptable automation design approach with Ecological Interface Design (EID) methods (with low cognitive processing requirements) from Human-Computer Interaction to create visualizations which provide the right the information to the right people all of the time to enhance situation awareness, improve decisions and speed task execution with little or no additional human effort.BENEFIT:The proposed work will develop advanced methodologies for designing visualizations. These methodologies are relevant to a variety of application domains where distributed data sources and teams with different views of the same goals must be coordinated, and where frequent changes that affect various components differently are part of the nature of the work environment. Such circumstances are common in process control, supply chains, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and of course, military applications. There are many immediate commercialization opportunities within the military domain for the results of this project. One is the direct application to the user interface needs of joint air, space, and cyberspace command and control centers. Upon completion of this program, we will be in an excellent position to ensure compatibility of our UI designs with technologies to realize Joint Vision 2020. |
| OR Concepts Applied
7032 Comstock Avenue Suite 100 Whittier, CA 90602 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 907-6700
Rubin Johnson AF 08-022 Awarded: 3/16/2009 |
| Title: | Argos - Visualization Tool for Cyberspace Command and Control |
| Abstract: | Russias physical invasion of Georgia in August 2008 was preceded by attacks against Georgias Internet infrastructure. Cyberwar is here. The information landscape is becoming as important as the physical world for commercial, social, and military applications. Understanding what is happening in cyberspace is critically important. Being able to monitor a cyberattack is necessary to defend our assets. OR Concepts Applied (ORCA) proposes to develop Argos, innovative software that supports command and control (C2) of cyberspace operations for both defensive and offensive applications. We envision a suite of visualization tools to provide commanders and operators with situational awareness and mechanisms to manage cyberspace assets.BENEFIT: Technology, commerce, military operations, and even social interactions depend more and more on cyberspace, the world''s Internet infrastructure. Argos software for cyberspace monitoring will benefit governments, businesses, and individuals. Defensive tools can foil cyberattacks and prevent adverse impacts. Thus there are significant opportunities for commercialization. If the U.S. decides that it needs to have offensive cyberspace capabilities, the tools envisioned in this proposal will be invaluable. |
| Stanfield Systems, Inc
718 Sutter Street Suite 108 Folsom, CA 95630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 358-7120
Timothy M. Jacobs AF 08-022 Awarded: 3/17/2009 |
| Title: | Visualization for Command and Control of Cyberspace Operations |
| Abstract: | The ultimate goal for this project is to design and implement an integrated suite of visualization tools to assist commanders, analysts, and operators in planning, executing, and assessing the effects of offensive and defensive operations in cyberspace. To achieve this goal, we must first identify cyberspace characteristics and processes and we must better understand how operators interact with cyberspace systems to effectively carry out command and control. We organize cyberspace characteristics into a model with four interacting layers that comprise a cyber operations stack Mission Capability, Applications and Processes, Network Domain, and Logical Network. Interwoven with these operations layers are four cross-domain attribute layers Time, Geospatial, Organizational, and Course of Action Effects. Based on this model, we design correlation and visualization techniques to assist cyber operators in perceiving elements that influence cyberspace operations, comprehending the impact of these elements on network operations, and projecting the effect of these elements on future mission capability. These visualizations distinguish between known vulnerabilities and strengths of friendly, enemy, neutral, and non-combatant cyber systems and networks. BENEFIT:To effectively defend and protect friendly cyber systems, and to effectively exploit enemy systems, commanders must understand the impact of cyber operations on mission capabilities. This task is complicated by the very characteristics that make cyber systems valuable rapid processing of large quantities of information, highly- interconnected information flow between systems, adaptability to a changing environment, and redundant distributed processing. These characteristics lead to highly complex systems that can be very difficult to understand. Relating the status of such cyber systems to specific mission capabilities is not easily achieved. Although the challenges of achieving situational awareness for cyberspace command and control are great, the opportunities for achieving meaningful solutions are within reach. We consider two elements of cyberspace which contribute to the challenge complexity which is created through the interaction of relationships, patterns, and anomalies found in large quantities of heterogeneous information and abstractness which results from the lack of a well understood physical model to which the information conforms. By using automated correlation algorithms and interactive computer visualization tools we can abstract away unnecessary complexity and organize relationships and aggregates to assist human perception and cognition. While no single tool is likely to solve these challenges, an effective set of visualization tools, coupled with automated techniques for correlating and organizing cyberspace information, can significantly improve the state-of-the-art for achieving cyberspace situational awareness. |
| VisiTrend
80 Hope Ave Suite 402 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(857) 919-2372
John T. Langton AF 08-022 Awarded: 3/13/2009 |
| Title: | Visualization for Command and Control of Cyberspace Operations |
| Abstract: | We propose to research, design, and evaluate the feasibility of a Visualization for Integrated Cyber Command and Control (VIC3) system that fuses and displays vast amounts of multidimensional cyber security data from multiple sources to provide a unified view of the cyber battlespace. VIC3 will allow commanders to monitor cyber activity, correlate events, understand information dependencies, evaluate alternative COAs, project potential effects, and view relationships between cyber and kinetic operations. Cyberspace superiority is a prerequisite for effective operations in all other warfighting domains. A key challenge to cyber C2 is the complexity of relevant data: it is immense and multidimensional, includes streaming and log data, and comes from a diverse set of applications and devices. Cyber security visualization is still nascent and focused on the application of traditional and limited methods to static application logs. New visualization methods must be applied to support cyber situation awareness and provide decision makers information on a) the current state of the cyber battlespace, b) enemy and friendly capabilities and vulnerabilities, c) correlations between cyber events and how they affect or are affected by kinetic events, and c) potential effects of alternative courses of action within cyberspace. BENEFIT:The results of the proposed research will support cyber C2 and can be transitioned for use at the AFNOC or within the AOC for integrated ATO production that factors in cyber security implications and enablers. The proposed effort will advance VisiTrends commercial offerings for visualization and cyber security including interfaces and APIs licensed to commercial partner NitroSecurity. |
| Infoscitex Corporation
303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 890-1338
Anna Galea AF 08-023 Awarded: 3/27/2009 |
| Title: | Measuring Simulator Fidelity |
| Abstract: | Quantifying the fidelity of flight simulators and other motion environments is a difficult and confounding task. The main confounding factor is that it is difficult to obtain an objective measure from human users, since their performance is subject to their individual reactions and current state of mind. Robotic solutions would eliminate the human element but are severely limited in that how humans integrate the large amounts of inputs they are subjected to in flight is not fully understood. Infoscitex proposes to leave the human in the equation but eliminate the subjectivity associated with cognition. Our system will record the underlying response of the body to the dynamics of flight. Then, our system can be used in a flight simulator, and the correlation between the results in real flight and in the simulator subject to the flight dynamics of the aircraft will provide a measure of the fidelity of the simulator in question. The system can be applied to any flight or motion simulator, including ones with force feedback, a motion base, or vision alone.BENEFIT:The problem of validating the equivalence of flight simulators is one that has been noted by diverse personnel involved with flight simulation, including military and civilian flight instructors. Indeed, we already have obtained Boeings written interest in our system for their commercial flight trainers. While the initial application of our system is to validate the equivalence of flight simulators to flight, development of the system will provide a comprehensive sensor suite that can record the bodys reaction to a number of complex inputs. Several non-flight markets are therefore available, including medical evaluation, rehabilitation, exercise and entertainment. The initial application will benefit flight training, in that by being able to ascertain the fidelity of existing simulators, and using the tool to develop even higher fidelity simulators, total in-flight training time can be decreased, and ground-based training time can be used more effectively. This will result in safer and far more economical training of pilots, both civilian and military. |
| Lumir Research Institute, Inc.
301 East Fairmont Drive Tempe, AZ 85282 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 231-4569
Brian Schreiber AF 08-023 Awarded: 3/30/2009 |
| Title: | Assessment Tools for Evaluating Dynamic Flight Simulation and Force Cueing Fidelity to Improve Simulation Environment Effectiveness |
| Abstract: | Lumir Research Institute proposes to build the Cueing Automated Assessment Tool (CAAT), a software tool to facilitate evaluations of the effects of force cueing on training effectiveness. The CAAT design will be based on an extensive review and analysis of training environments, force-cueing devices, force-cue sensitive tasks, and existing performance measurement tools (objective, subjective and physiological). The measures employed by CAAT will address gaps in current measurement systems, will be sensitive enough to capture differences in reactions to force-cueing stimuli, and will be compatible with multiple training environments and force-cueing devices. Results of studies enabled by CAAT can ultimately be used to define dynamic fidelity requirements, thus optimizing the cost and outcomes of training.BENEFIT:The research Lumir is proposing will directly address this critical need (understanding the effects of force cueing and varying levels of simulator fidelity) and provide tools to continue advancing the knowledge of the training community. At the end of Phase II, the CAAT will exist both as a stand-alone tool and also as a complementary tool to be used in conjunction with PETS. The Air Force would be free to use the CAAT with PETS at any of their facilities, which would provide free advertising and establish new support contacts (perhaps at other AF Labs). This development strategy opens the door for numerous commercialization possibilities. The CAAT could be integrated with devices like ETCs ATFS-400 and be marketed as an add- on to that system. Other services may be interested in the CAAT as they are certainly facing some of the same fidelity questions in their own use of simulators for training, e.g., Army ground vehicle training, or NAVAIRs deployable cockpits. Finally, the CAAT could also be marketed to the commercial flight training community, which currently has dynamic fidelity requirements for its simulators. |
| Systems Technology, Inc.
13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 679-2281
R. Wade Allen AF 08-023 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | A Flight Centered Approach to Assess Dynamic Flight Simulation and Simulator Force Cueing Fidelity |
| Abstract: | With an aging aircraft fleet and an ongoing period of combat, the USAF must look more to ground based simulation to supplement flight training. Objective measures are needed, however, to insure that a training environment with limitations in force cueing adequately transfers back to flight. Systems Technology, Inc. proposes to leverage the significant past research with a flight-centered approach to produce effective qualitative and quantitative measures of simulator force cueing fidelity as it relates to tactical aircraft flight training. To demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach, a preliminary test version of the Real-Flight software will be created and assessed via a limited piloted simulation evaluation. A set of candidate quantitative metrics derived from available flight test data will be incorporated into the initial version of the software. Pilot control stick inceptors of varying fidelity will be used as exemplar force cueing devices. If practical, a motion-based simulator will also be introduced into the demonstration plan. A successful demonstration of Real-Flight will expose differences between the force cueing devices and identify the mechanization that best represents the flight training experience. This work will set the stage for the comparative flight test/simulator evaluation to be conducted in Phase II. BENEFIT:This proposed program will lead to a Real-Flight software tool box that will provide a means to assess simulator force cueing fidelity as it relates to tactical flight training. STI expects that Real-Flight and related derivatives will find application throughout the DoD as a means to assess the effectiveness of dynamic flight simulation and force cueing in fixed-wing, rotorcraft, and ground vehicle training simulators. The assessment methods and metrics may also be used in the training simulator procurement process to ensure maximum return on investment in terms of training effectiveness versus procurement cost. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Scott Potter, PhD AF 08-024 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | Advanced Visualization and Support Environment (ADVISE) |
| Abstract: | An operator within the JSpOC faces a continuous and rapid flow of intelligence from disparate and distributed sensors, theatre participants, and other operators, all of which may or may not accurately reflect the current operational situation. Despite having technology that fuses these heterogeneous data sources, this abundance of information does not guarantee mission success or even improved SSA; rather it can overload JSpOC operators, resulting in confusion, poor analysis, and ineffective decision-making. To improve the accuracy, efficiency, and usefulness of these fusion algorithms employed within the JSpOC, we present our proposed effort to design and demonstrate a Framework Leveraging Operator Reasoning in Data Association and Filtering Algorithms (FLORIDA) to support improved SSA. First, we will perform a systematic evaluation of the JSpOC work domain to understand operator reasoning and decision-making requirements. Second, we will establish a meta-information ontology facilitating the augmentation of existing and future fusion algorithms with qualitative metrics. Third, we will select and augment several computation techniques currently employed within fusion algorithms. Fourth, we will design preliminary controls and visualizations that facilitate operator interaction with the FLORIDA-enhanced multi-source data fusion algorithms. Finally, we will develop and evaluate a demonstration prototype incorporating the above elements.BENEFIT:We see considerable promise in the commercial application of rapidly prototyped information and meta-information display and control techniques, specifically in the financial industry, where investment decision-making is fraught with uncertainty, and risk management is critical to investment strategy. We also see applications in commercial space asset management environments, where data quality and data recency are critical to asset protection. We also plan to transition the information and meta-information interface techniques developed with FLORIDA into the next version of our BNet® Bayesian belief network application. |
| Sonalysts, Inc.
215 Parkway North P.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 326-3621
Margaret Bailey AF 08-024 Awarded: 3/19/2009 |
| Title: | Advanced Visualization Methods for Mission Planning, Course of Action (COA) Evaluation and After Action Review (AAR). |
| Abstract: | Sonalysts will demonstrate the feasibility of developing a Course of Action Rehearsal, Visualization, and Evaluation Tool (COARVET), which will allow users to analyze possible outcomes of pending operations, conduct mission rehearsals, and perform After-Action Reviews (AARs) of past missions. This research will produce a design and prototype interfaces for a system that enables operators from squadron level to the Air Operations Center to increase unit effectiveness through superior planning, mission rehearsal, and lessons learned from AAR. The design for COARVET will draw on Sonalysts successful gaming engine and wXstation® family of weather products to integrate planning and simulation with the best data sources in a coherent way to improve war-fighting capability as well as forest firefighting.BENEFIT:The product we develop will improve unit effectiveness through improved mission planning, course of action analysis, execution, and AAR. It will also have outstanding potential in the commercial sector, with applications in Homeland Security. A quick transition to forest firefighting is anticipated. Our teaming partner Boeing believes the resultant technology could have direct application to several Boeing programs, including Future Combat Systems, SBINet, and the air space control systems being implemented in Iraq. |
| Modern Conflict Studies Group
1262 Prospect Dr. Pomona, CA 91766 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 620-2713
Joseph Miranda AF 08-025 Awarded: 3/27/2009 |
| Title: | Gaming for Training and Rehearsal for Fifth Generation Fighter Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) |
| Abstract: | This project is intended to create a top down, effects based simulation set at the air unit level (from individual aircraft to larger mission packages) in which Fifth Generation Fighter Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) can be evaluated. The model will simulate air operations at the level of air mission packages, with individual aircraft modeled within this context. The intent is to create scenarios which will generate unique TTPs that can then be tested and applied as doctrine. Friendly, enemy and civilian forces will be represented by artificial intelligence (AI) agents. Information will be represented from the point of view of individual pilots, mission commanders, and the big picture of an entire operation. Each agent will be motivated by quantitative and qualitative factors. For aircraft this would include flight handling characteristics, pilot training, and networking systems. The simulation will be able to both train individual pilots in operating via TTPs, and to provide doctrinal personnel with a model through which new TTPs could be developed. There will also be a networking capability to allow for larger scenarios in which numerous utilizers could be trained, and higher echelon TTPs be evaluated and developed. BENEFIT:A successfully completed project will provide the end user with a fully extensible and scalable training application that will provide an immersive training experience in which Fifth Generation Fighter tactics can be rehearsed and developed. Players will interact with a customized environment that will mimic the real world fighter tactical environment. This can be applied to military, law enforcement, emergency service and air traffic control situations. |
| Sonalysts, Inc.
215 Parkway North P.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 326-3770
Daniel Bowdler AF 08-025 Awarded: 3/26/2009 |
| Title: | Gaming for Training and Rehearsal for Fifth Generation Fighter Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will develop specifications for applying a gaming environment to the training, rehearsing, and exercising of fifth-generation fighter tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). Our Team, consisting of Sonalysts (prime) and Aptima, Inc. (subcontractor), will innovatively apply our state-of-the-art commercial gaming engine, coupled with advanced human engineering, human performance, and training system development expertise to craft a set of specifications that effectively meet the requirements of the fifth-generation tactical fighter mission areas, while being economical to fully develop. Using the F-22 as a representative fifth-generation tactical fighter, the specifications will support a range of training, rehearsing, and exercise requirements, from individual to team-level support. We will pursue three key supporting technical objectives: gaining an understanding of the mission areas; determining the appropriate technologies that will support our envisioned approach; and developing the specifications. The final specifications will support our aggressive prototype development plan. With the Teams intellectual skills and ongoing related technologies, we intend to produce a game-based, proof-of-concept application that will demonstrate the value and technical validity of our approach.BENEFIT:The anticipated results of our Phase I effort will be an innovative and effective training, rehearsing, and exercising capability for fifth- generation fighter TTPs. A key benefit and potential commercial feature of the effort will be the integration of the commercial game environment with advanced tools including scenario authoring, skills tracking, and performance measures for individual and multi- player sets. The gaming environment is inherently flexible to a broad range of commercial and military applications. Potential commercial applications include application of key features into our current commercial gaming products; disaster relief training and operations; community first responder training and rehearsal; and any other training domain where an economical, high-fidelity alternative to a more expensive, full-blown simulator is desired. |
| Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
951 Mariner''''s Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 931-2700
Robert Richards AF 08-025 Awarded: 3/26/2009 |
| Title: | Game-based Partial Task Trainer for Fifth Generation Fighters (GBT-5). |
| Abstract: | Fifth generation aircraft, including the F-22 and the F-35, have been designed with a set of unprecedented capabilities. The challenge that lies ahead is to better train pilots to take advantage of these capabilities. The need for a flexible training environment designed specifically for the F22 and F35 fighters presents a unique opportunity for Stottler Henke. We are prepared to develop a research program that will result in the construction of an intelligent training system powerful enough to fill the current training gaps and flexible enough to meet conflicting requirements. We propose to develop an intelligent, game- based, trainer aimed at addressing a specific subset of the pilots tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). The core of the GBT-5 trainer is a realistic free-play simulation of the relevant cockpit controls and displays combined with a flexible plug-in infrastructure that extends the range of supported learning objectives through a set of optional components: (1) out-the-window view provided by game-based flight simulator technology, (2) integration with hardware versions of the primary flight controls through USB, (3) DIS / HLA integration to support networked exercises, (4) simulated entities to support single- user training, and (5) an intelligent tutoring system to provide customized instruction. BENEFIT:The specific training system developed for this effort will initially focus on the F-22 and therefore is primarily valuable only to the US Air Force. With this in mind, the primary commercialization path is to pursue Phase III funding with the US Air Force to transform the system at the end of Phase II into a fully deployed training system. This closely follows the commercialization paths of two of our other successful training systems: GRTS and OMIA. With the introduction of the F-35 and the construction of a new plug-in to support its interface, the training market for the proposed system could expand to include a number of other countries that will be purchasing F-35s, assuming the training environment was approved for export. Additionally, the research described in this proposal provides additional commercialization opportunities by incrementally refining and extending our suite of tools for developing training simulations, intelligent tutoring systems, and behavior models for simulated entities. |
| Aptima, Inc.
12 Gill Street Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 496-2453
Nathan Schurr AF 08-026 Awarded: 3/12/2009 |
| Title: | Space Collaboration via an Agent Network (SCAN) |
| Abstract: | With the increased deployment and use of space assets, a number of interesting and challenging problems have come to the fore. The persistent nature of space surveillance, the mass of data, the varied sources, and the heterogeneous needs of consumers and producers, all point to a pressing need for an enhanced Space Situation Awareness picture, that can only be achieved by a coordinated, collaborative approach to the collection, dissemination and sharing of information. This provides Aptima the opportunity to demonstrate an innovative, agent-based approach to enhance the collaboration among the various agency producers and consumers of space information. Our proposed approach is titled Space Collaboration via an Agent Network (SCAN) and it enables proxy agents to represent each of the stakeholder agencies for space. Consequently SCAN agent network will facilitate collaboration by identifying opportunities and methods of collaboration as well. The SCAN agents will be equipped with: 1. Knowledge and Mental Models of Human Operators, 2. Collaboration Methods and Barriers to Collaboration, and 3. Integrating Solutions that Conform to Preferred Workflows. Aptima will leverage its experience in designing sociotechnical systems, space and collaboration in order to ensure that SCAN is both a feasible and useful tool for space collaboration.BENEFIT: Engage the Operational Community. Aptima holds the input of the operational community in great regard and is determined to engage users and experts early in the process. Survey of the data landscape. We will survey the data currently available to monitor and predict space weather and its effect on satellite tasking. This will include fundamental physical phenomena detected by sensors as well as integrated information sources such as Space situation awareness Environmental Effects Fusion system (SEEFS). The extent to which adversary action can be characterized will also be amassed. Identify barriers to collaboration. Aptima is keenly aware that the current dearth of collaboration is not simply a function of limited tools. There are significant social and organizational obstacles that must be overcome as well. Develop model for agent facilitated collaboration. These collaborative SCAN proxy agents will serve not only to identify collaboration opportunities, but also provide methods to overcoming these aforementioned barriers. The aim is to eventually have these collaborative agents integrated with existing workflow structures. |
| Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
951 Mariners Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Kshanti Greene AF 08-026 Awarded: 3/13/2009 |
| Title: | Opening Communication and Collaboration for Space Situation Awareness with the OpenSpace Toolkit |
| Abstract: | Counterspace efforts will become increasingly important as advances in technology intensify our reliance on space-based assets and as adversaries develop improved methods to threaten these assets. Maintaining holistic situation awareness will be particularly important in counterspace pursuits due to the number and diversity of organizations supplying and utilizing these assets. Since human operators and experts will provide the foundation for situation awareness, communication and collaboration within and across organizational boundaries will be particularly important. A significant barrier to collaboration is seeking out and initiating communication with individuals who have the knowledge and experience needed to increase awareness. We propose an approach to initiating and improving collaboration for space situation awareness that is unique in its focus on discovering expertise that is embedded in organizational resources and its use of state-of-the-art semantic and social networking technologies. We will focus our research on developing tools and algorithms used to (1) extract awareness of domain knowledge, organizational structure and individuals expertise from available resources; (2) build a semantic and social network that describes this knowledge, along with intelligent algorithms to search it for appropriate individuals; and (3) assist users in seeking out and initiating communication with other individuals, even across organizational boundaries. BENEFIT:Our significant long-term goal is to enable improved threat and impact awareness for immediate, short- and long-term situation understanding. Many aspects of this problem need to be addressed for its success. One aspect that is often overlooked is discovering and initiating communication with the human individuals who have knowledge and expertise that would improve situational awareness. This problem is significant across all domains where knowledge sharing is important. The number of relevant domains that would benefit from our approach is limitless, but includes crisis management, counterterrorism, cyber space protection, energy systems management, and research, healthcare and business intelligence. |
| The Design Knowledge Company
3100 Presidential Dr Suite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 427-4276
James R. AF 08-026 Awarded: 3/13/2009 |
| Title: | BUCKI - Bridge for Usable Collaborative Knowledge Integration |
| Abstract: | Our expertise will support BUCK-Is central concept of locating knowledge, supporting collaboration, and providing for workflow management. The vision is for a seamless, user-centered environment supporting real time access to space community knowledge. BENEFIT:TDKC has vigorously pursued commercialization as the ultimate goal of all of its SBIR projects, recognizing the need to leverage the initial Government and corporate investments with commercial and other Government funds to realize the full benefit of the project. These activities have included intensive study and development of commercialization strategies that work for projects such as those encompassed by GIANT. TDKC has evaluated the Technology Adoption Cycle presented by Moore, and adapted this model to fit the SBIR paradigm. Our commercialization plan provides a realistic and executable approach to commercialization that provides more than lip-service to the notion that SBIR-funded technologies should find commercial applicability; indeed our non- SBIR revenue exceeded SBIR revenue in 2007 a remarkable achievement in 4 years of business. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Scott Potter, PhD AF 08-027 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | A System to Capture Automated Metrics of Performance (SCAMP) for JAOC C2 Operations |
| Abstract: | Effective Joint Air Operations Center (JAOC) command and control (C2) activities require coordination and communication among a wide variety of services and agencies. However, many of the metrics in current assessment tools are not tailored specifically to JAOC processes. Furthermore, the rapid pace of JAOC operations demands a system that can assess measures in near real-time, which is impossible with current assessment tools. To address the need for a real-time C2 assessment tool for JAOC operations, (including cyber operations), we propose to design and demonstrate a System to Capture Automated Metrics of Performance (SCAMP) for JAOC C2 operations. Four core components characterize our approach. First, we will perform a Work Domain Analysis on a specific scenario to develop a structured categorization of JAOC tasks and related performance metrics. Second, we will design and demonstrate automated and semi- automated performance analysis techniques to capture performance metrics from individual and group behaviors and observable communications. Third, we will design and demonstrate user interfaces that visualize those metrics and enable their review by the Commander. Fourth, we will develop an evaluation methodology to determine the effectiveness of the system for the purposes of real-time review and intervention. We will also provide a training interface.BENEFIT:We see considerable promise in the commercial application of several components of the proposed SCAMP system. We envision the commercial application of human activity monitoring and performance metric visualization technologies in disciplines requiring collective training in groups and rapid assessment of operations, including emergency response teams, local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, FEMA, and DHS. We also intend to incorporate analysis and visualization techniques developed under the proposed SCAMP system into our commercial Connect® network visualization toolkit. |
| DMM Ventures Inc
107 Elise Place Yorktown, VA 23693 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 897-0394
Maris McCrabb AF 08-027 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | Integrated C4ISR Assessment Tool (ICAT) |
| Abstract: | ICAT integrates the JAOC C4ISR system of people, processes, and technical; the set of air, space, information, and cyberspace missions conducted by a JAOC; and the analysis, monitoring, assessment, planning, execution, and support functions done in the JAOC and provides commanders and their staffs an integrated assessment of how well the JAOC is operating in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility based on the cognitive tasks and decision-quality information requirements of the JAOC.BENEFIT: Commanders use C4ISR as the means of employing air, space, information, and cyberspace operations in order to accomplish assigned objectives and achieved desired effects. They need to know how well their C4ISR is operating and where are the bottlenecks. ICAT provides this capability. This need exist in many commercial firms who need to share information and know how weel their information sharing systems are operating. |
| The Design Knowledge Company
3100 Presidential Drive Suite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 427-4276
James McCracken AF 08-027 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | ASET- AOC System Engineering Toolkit |
| Abstract: | Our teamss expertise will support ASETs central concept of creating a multi-dimensional assessment of behavior in a JOAC that can be accomplished in near real-time during exercises and real-world operations as well as training. The vision is for an instrumented environment supporting real-time access to a coherent data picture that represents the operational efficiency of the JAOC and to correlate the behavioral data to after-action assessments.BENEFIT:TDKC has vigorously pursued commercialization as the ultimate goal of all of its SBIR projects, recognizing the need to leverage the initial Government and corporate investments with commercial and other Government funds to realize the full benefit of the project. These activities have included intensive study and development of commercialization strategies that work for projects such as those encompassed by ASET. Our commercialization plan provides a realistic and executable approach to commercialization that provides more than lip-service to the notion that SBIR- funded technologies should find commercial applicability; indeed our non-SBIR revenue exceeded SBIR revenue in 2007 a remarkable achievement in 4 years of business. |
| ATC - NY
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Steven Brueckner AF 08-028 Awarded: 3/23/2009 |
| Title: | Alcuin |
| Abstract: | Digital forensics is the science of investigating digital devices, transmissions, and storage media to acquire legal evidence related to a crime. The discipline is essential in addressing rising cyber crime rates, and acting as a deterrent to insider threats by providing attribution. There is need for advanced training capabilities to help students rapidly acquire the specialized skills needed to perform digital forensics investigations. Didactic instruction, abstract visualization, and simulation exercises are three powerful pedagogic techniques for knowledge transfer. ATC-NY will combine these three technologies to create Alcuin, an automated, online training system for digital forensics. Alcuin will deliver remote learning content by seamlessly integrating both declarative and procedural teaching methods. ATC-NY has assembled a team of leading forensics, visualization, simulation, and learning experts to develop Alcuin. Alcuins unique capabilities will greatly advance the state of the art in e-learning solutions.BENEFIT: Alcuins incorporation of multiple learning strategies will improve skill acquisition and retention. Its automated feedback and evaluation capabilities will allow for an anytime, anywhere capability, greatly reducing instructor workload. Currently there is no comparable solution available at any price. |
| Kestrel Corporation
3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Boyd Hunter AF 08-029 Awarded: 3/23/2009 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral Retinal Imaging for Assessment of Retinal Laser Damage |
| Abstract: | Development of an optimized fundus imager to field use requires detailed knowledge of the spectral response of the eye damage lesion in order to design the optimal imager. That first step is satisfied by the development of a 1D hyperspectral fundus imager to enable the researcher to identify the features of interest and collect the spectra. In this Phase I effort, the design study will be conducted for the 1D imager to determine the performance perform the basic design of the instrument for review with the Air Force to ensure all requirements are satisfied, the device is physically reasonable and perform preliminary costing. Based on prior Kestrel experience, the key issues are identified and expected outcomes and issues will guide this process.BENEFIT:The benefits of this research are (a) a family of hyperspectral fundus imagers able to operate over a greately extended wavelength range, (b) the ability to indentify (mild) laser eye damage by spectral signature, thus making better damage threshold information possible and enabling more quantiative research into approapriate treatments, and (c) the instruments will be used as standardized platforms for other opthalmic instruments with similar requirements. |
| Lickenbrock Technologies LLC
4041 Forest Park Ave. St. Louis, MO 63108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(314) 615-6921
Timothy J. Holmes AF 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral and Multi-Modal Retinal Imaging for Assessment of Retinal Laser Damage |
| Abstract: | The Phase I objective is a conceptual design of a hyperspectral/multimodal fundus camera for assessing laser damage. The premise to be ultimately proven in this project is that damage to the fundus, from laser irradiation, may be characterized and detected by reflectance spectra, and by measuring function such as flow and perfusion. The system will incorporate an existing fundus camera model (e.g., Topcon), custom optical components for hyperspectral/multimodal imaging and a computer interface for controlling the custom components. Software will include specialized acquisition for hyperspectral imaging, automated alignment to compensate eye motion, compensation for illumination flicker, correction of nonuniform component spectra, and compensation of other imperfections, algorithms that highlight lesions, deconvolution for improving spatial and spectral resolving power, and algorithms for detecting flow and perfusion changes. In Phase II, the prototype instrument will be built and tested with NHPs and/or humans in collaboration with Brooks AFB. Tests with NHPs in detecting and characterizing laser- induced damage will be carried out. In Phase III the commercial-ready models will be produced, first, for military applications, and secondly for private sector clinical applications. Private sector applications include AMD, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and related conditions.BENEFIT:The most immediate military benefit will be the capability of diagnosing or comfirming laser damage to retinas/fundi. Commercial applications are in clinical diagnosis and treatment of AMD, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, among others. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Photonic Systems Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Gary Mikaelian AF 08-029 Awarded: 3/30/2009 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral Funduscopic Imaging Device with Wavelength Selective Illumination |
| Abstract: | To address the Air Force need for a hyperspectral funduscopic imager to study changes in the spectral reflectance of the retina due to lesion formation associated with laser exposure, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Hyperspectral Funduscopic Imaging Device with Wavelength Selective Illumination (FIDSI). The proposed FIDSI is based on a standard ophthalomoscope with wavelength selective illumination achieved by the use of a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). The innovation in combining an LCTF with a standard ophthalmoscope and applying spectral-matching filters to enhance lesion contrast and detectability will enable FIDSI to detect and characterize various types of laser-induced lesions better than techniques currently employed. As a result, FIDSI is a novel analytical instrument that directly addresses the mission of the Optical Radiation Branch at the Human Effectiveness Directorate to predict and mitigate the harmful effects of directed energy on personnel and mission performance, and to exploit these effects for non-lethal weapon applications. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of FIDSI by developing a proof-of-concept prototype. In Phase II, we plan to develop a pre- production prototype, and demonstrate it can be utilized as a research and in-field diagnostics tool.BENEFIT:Potential commercial applications of FIDSI will include diagnostics of retinal diseases that affect the spectral reflectance of the retina, and biometric identification systems. It can be incorporated into the standard equipment list of ophthalmic photography laboratories. |
| Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
R. Daniel Ferguson AF 08-029 Awarded: 3/30/2009 |
| Title: | High-resolution Hyperspectral LSLO |
| Abstract: | The detectability of laser eye damage near threshold depends sensitively on ocular pigment distribution within layers of the retina at the targeted site and their wavelength- dependent absorption, the scattering characteristics of the affected region, and the biological response of injured structures. Other retinal pathologies also change the appearance of the retina in characteristic spatial patterns and colors. Spatio-spectral signatures of retinal changes contain important quantitative diagnostic information about the nature of the injury or the etiology and status of disease. The current need for dense hyperspectral and high resolution 2-D spatial retinal imaging over a band of 450 to >800nm at eye-safe light levels, concurrent with the delivery of laser exposure in non-human primates (NHPs), presents a significant challenge for the state-of-the-art in hyperspectral imaging of laser injury and for diagnostic testing eventually applied to humans for eye research and future clinical applications. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop an innovative compact, high-resolution high-contrast hyperspectral retinal imaging system based on PSIs proprietary line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO) and emerging broadband light source technologies.BENEFIT:The utility of the proposed hyperspectral imaging methods, apart from laser damage detection applications for DoD, stems from the great flexibility afforded by ultra-broadband sources with the LSLO imaging architecture; this optical system can also serve as a confocal, true color fundus imager, an autofluorescence/angiography system, a Doppler blood flow mapper, a perimetry system, and for a number of other applications, mainly through reconfiguration of control software. The clinical and commercial potential of such a relatively simple, yet powerful multifunction diagnostics platform is significant. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Camille Monnier AF 08-030 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Anthropometric Modeling and Automatic Pose Reconstruction (Anthro-MAPR) |
| Abstract: | While significant advances have been made in technologies for automatically acquiring and trackingand even identifyingdismounts in video, automatic characterization of human behavior remains an open problem that hinders our intelligence dominance against asymmetric threats. To enable the development of viewpoint- and anthropometric- invariant behavioral modeling algorithms, a technique is required for directly recovering an individuals anthropometric parameters from video data. This task is comprised of two important research problems: parametric modeling of the human body, and recovery of these parameters from a video of a human subject. We propose a system for video- based Anthropometric Modeling and Automatic Pose Reconstruction (Anthro-MAPR). Anthro-MAPR reconstructs a high-fidelity, parameterized anthropometric model of an individual from video imagery; the system achieves this using novel detectors capable of simultaneously detecting human subjects and estimating their anthropometric parameters in complex environments. By building on mature multi-camera registration and person- tracking software, Anthro-MAPR will work both for single and multi-camera scenarios, and it assumes no restrictions on complexity of background, presence of other moving objects in the field of view, or the type of lighting conditions.BENEFIT:The technologies developed under this effort would enable direct computation of biometrics (e.g., weight, height, limb dimensions, gait analysis) as well as measures of stress (i.e., is the individual performing an unusual or difficult motion?) that could not be easily derived from a 2D analysis alone. Just as importantly, this technology would significantly boost the development of robust camera-based behavioral analysis techniques critical to the prediction and interruption of hostile actions by asymmetric forces both at home and in theatre. |
| Infoscitex Corporation
303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-1599
Zhiqing Cheng AF 08-030 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Dynamic 3D Human Shape Modeling for Intention Prediction from Video Imagery |
| Abstract: | Infoscitex proposes an innovative and feasible solution to Dynamic 3D Human Shape Modeling for Intention Prediction from Video Imagery. We will develop a tool to quickly and automatically detect, track, and extract a subject of interest from video imagery. Using our knowledge and experience of anthropometry and biomechanics, we will develop a data-driven dynamic 3D human modeling technology, HM4D (Human Modeling in 4- Dimension). The HM4D will provide a detailed representation of human shape and a realistic description of joint motion. It implements morphing to represent human shape variations and mapping from one pose to another to describe human shape changes due to pose changes and motion. Using HM4D, dynamic 3D models will be constructed from the silhouette sequences that in turn, are derived from markerless video imagery. Combined with model-based motion analysis and supported by normative human shape and motion databases, our technology will be able to identify and predict human behavior and intention. Infoscitex, in collaboration with Dr. James Davis and Dr. Mariofanna Milanova, two experts in computer vision and human modeling, will prove our concept and demonstrate the feasibility of our approaches in Phase I and develop a fully functional dynamic 3D human modeling technology in Phase II.BENEFIT:Our technology will provide a creative solution to the topic and will offer the following benefits: As the core part of technology, the HM4D provides a detailed description of human shape with high anthropometric fidelity and can be readily morphed to represent a wide anthropometric spectrum; The HM4D can be mapped from pose to pose to describe human shape changes, both rigid and non-rigid, resulting from pose change and motion; The HM4D has sound bio-fidelity by incorporating realistic joint constraints. It can be used to analyze human motion and gait; By converting 2D imagery into a 3D dynamic visualization, our technology provides a wealth of information about human shape, pose, gestures, motion, and gait that are unique attributes of behavior and intent. This technology will have very broad applications in both military and commercial sectors. As a key technology for human-borne threat detection; As a screening tool for the security surveillance of public facilities; For war fighters to efficiently identify enemies from a crowd; For human search and rescue; For the entertainment industry to create vivid human figures and animation; For workstation design to improve human-machine interfacing; For the apparel industry to perform virtual design and fitting. |
| Intelligent Automation, Inc.
15400 Calhoun Drive Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 294-5242
Roger Xu AF 08-030 Awarded: 3/30/2009 |
| Title: | Markerless 3D Human Body Modeling for Human Behavior Understanding from Video Imagery |
| Abstract: | IAI and its collaborator, Dr. Aloimonos at the University of Maryland Computer Vision Lab, propose to develop a markerless 3D human body shape estimation and behavior detection system. This system will estimate human body pose and anthropometry from video data and infer human behavior using a model-based approach. This approach fuses two recent advances in computer vision research. First, our advanced tracking algorithms will present a series of hypotheses of human poses recognized within a video sequence; these detection and tracking algorithm will use modern segmentation techniques to extract labeled silhouettes, feeding a 3D reconstruction algorithm that relied on local optimal search of the pose space. Second, algorithms that operate on our statistical model of human motion and behavior, the Human Activity Language, combine these pose estimates into unified, robust estimate of pose and activity. We hypothesize that combining action and pose estimation under a single framework will more robustly identify both. Our algorithms will be useful in both recognition and in reproduction of human action. We will transition our research into the fields of persistent surveillance, health care, and modeling and simulation.BENEFIT:Reconstructing 3D human body model and motion from video sequences will allow for rapid location of concealed human-borne threats in a crowd from surveillance systems, significantly increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of current surveillance systems, while reducing total cost of ownership. Applications would include military reconnaissance and surveillance, border and coast patrol, law enforcement and homeland security. The Phase I effort will result in a suite of algorithms and a software prototype for surveillance that demonstrate an advancement in the state of the art in human tracking, pose estimation, activity modeling, and pattern recognition techniques. This research will have tremendous potential in many commercial applications such as intelligent video analysis, video browsing and indexing, search and rescue missions, human figure creation/animation for entertainment, and virtual design and fitting for the apparel industry. |
| ObjectVideo
11600 Sunrise Valley Drive Suite # 290 Reston, VA 20191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 654-9300
Atul Kanaujia AF 08-030 Awarded: 4/1/2009 |
| Title: | Dynamic 3D Human Shape Modeling for Intention Prediction from Video Imagery |
| Abstract: | 3D human pose and shape analysis from video imagery is an enabling technology for human activity recognition and threat monitoring in military and law enforcement applications. The problem is challenging due to (i) the high dimensionality in human pose space; (ii) lack of depth information in images; and (iii) and the large variability in human body shape, clothing, imaging condition and scene background. We propose an integrated framework that combines discriminative and generative approaches for inferring the 3D motion and anthropometric characteristics of a person. From input images, we first extract feature descriptors that encode the shape and appearance of the subject. From these descriptors, multiple plausible 3D poses are predicted using mixture-of-experts regression. For computational efficiency, we restrict visual inference to low-dimensional embedded space obtained from latent variable models. The 3D pose is then tracked probabilistically across multiple frames using a conditional graphical model. The 3D shape of the various body components are estimated by fitting a generative human model. Finally, the estimated pose and shape are analyzed to detect shape and behavioral abnormalities. We will investigate the feasibility of this approach using publicly available motion capture datasets as well as synthetic videos.BENEFIT:The proposed work addresses the technical challenges of human pose and shape estimation in video imagery. It will enable us to detect human activities and to identify suspicious and hostile human behaviors for military and law enforcement applications. The technology has wide ranging application beyond intelligent surveillance system: a) Improved human computer interaction The framework will facilitate development of more accurate vision based systems to recognize different gesture and motion in 3D. This has vast potential use in role-playing games where the movements of the user in the physical domain are appropriately reflected as an action in the virtual environment. b) Movement analysis For identifying the underlying causes for walking abnormalities in clinical patients. The results of gait analysis have been shown to be useful in determining the best course of treatment in these patients. c) Intelligent training systems for sporting activities The analysis of sports-related movements often entails analyzing a variety of highly dynamic movements. Motion analysis provides the tools for the sports medicine and performance professionals to perform accurate functional evaluations/analyses for clinical and research oriented purposes. d) Realistic animation Cost effective solution to importing realistic body movements in animated characters in videos. e) Robotic locomotion Design of robot appendages and control mechanisms to allow robots to move fluidly and efficiently. |
| Imaginative Technologies, LLC
1158 Norumbega Drive Monrovia, CA 91016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 241-6041
James R. Weiss AF 08-031 Awarded: 3/20/2009 |
| Title: | An Advanced NEMS Based Micro Gas Analyzer for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCA) |
| Abstract: | Our objective is to design and build a breadboard NEMS based gas analyzer which is hand held, field portable, highly efficient, rugged, with an integrated detection and identification system for stand-off detection and analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This proposed device, VOCA, will detect VOCs of interest at ppm to sub-ppb levels within 5 seconds. Detection levels are better than those of mass spectrometry over a large range of chemicals without the need for a complicated, bulky vacuum system. This novel micro gas analyzer, VOCA will be based on a Nano Electro- Mechanical Systems (NEMS) implementation consisting of a chip-based ultra-fast Gas Chromatograph and a highly sensitive array of micro-cantilevers for mass analysis The application of NEMS technology for the development of this gas analyzer provides a nano scale device with extremely small active masses, excellent retention of energy coupled with the ability to carry out high speed operations. This NEMS based micro cantilever system has shown the ability to detect chemical and biological agents with great precision (10-21 gm) allowing for the detection of a broad range of molecular species. This ability to detect trace masses make micro resonators ideal for use in detection applications including those relating to national security and defense. public health and safety, medical research and diagnostics as well as other applications depending on quick portable analysis capability. The emergence of such NEMS mass-sensing devices, like the one proposed here, will blur the conventional distinction between inertial mass sensing and mass spectrometry, and offer revolutionary prospects for cheap, ultra-compact, low- power instrumentation and sensors.BENEFIT:The ability to detect trace masses make micro resonators ideal for use in detection applications including those relating to national security and defense. public health and safety, medical research and diagnostics as well as other applications depending on quick portable analysis capability. Once developed the VOCS sensor system will be proposed to all of the preceeding areas of application. |
| Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Anuncia Gonzalez- AF 08-031 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Novel Sensor for Human VOC Signature Identification |
| Abstract: | The need to identify threats from individuals and groups is ever increasing for both identification of known individuals and persons of interest within the Department of Defense. Advancement in differential sensing techniques could allow the development of sensing platforms that include the ability to respond specifically to individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) and complex volatile organic compound profiles. Lynntech proposes the development of a low-power, hand-held array-based sensor that incorporates structural nanofeatures and tailored surface chemistries, capable of responding to specific and complex VOC inputs and identifying VOC signatures. During the Phase I project, Lynntech will develop and test an array-based sensor capable of detecting the ratio of at least five delivered VOCs. During the Phase II project, a prototype will be fabricated, tested, and delivered to DOD.BENEFIT:The proposed sensor will be of particular interest to the federal government (e.g., DOD, DOE, NASA, and NIH) and private industries that require monitoring individual VOCs and complex VOC profiles. Other business opportunities are in the Gas and Chemical Industries and Regulatory Agencies (chemical and explosive detectors), environmental remediation (detection of regulated chemicals in waste effluents, drinking water, etc.), food, beverage, and perfume industries (to determine odors and aromas), agronomic industries (to monitor pesticides), medical industry (point-of-care diagnostic instrument to determine level of human performance), and homeland security (for detection of chemical vapors associated with weapons of mass destruction). |
| Nanohmics, Inc
6201 East Oltorf St. Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 389-9990
Steve Savoy AF 08-031 Awarded: 3/25/2009 |
| Title: | Highly Novel Detection Approaches to Human Volatile Organic Compound Signature Identification |
| Abstract: | Commercial gas sensors employ a number of different transduction mechanisms depending on the nature and reactivity of the gas and include systems based on optical, electrical and mass detection. Recent advances in gas sensor technology have provided even more sensitivity and are poised to increase the sensor specificity in analysis of complex VOC profiles in compact, low-cost formats. These systems rely on the emerging field of nanostructured chemiresistive sensor arrays composed of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes and semiconductor oxides as the active material phase which interacts with gas species. Generally, these systems rely on differential changes in the electrical current resulting from grain boundary surface-mediated field perturbations upon exposure to polarizing gases. To this end, Nanohmics proposes a novel detection device, NucleoVolt VOCel sensor array, that meets the requirements for high sensitivity and high selectivity analysis of complex VOC profiles.BENEFIT:The ability to perform rapid, highly sensitive and selective detection of a complex Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) profiles is paramount for applications ranging from acute situational health and safety assessment to suspect/target identification. The ability to multiplex high sensitivity and selectivity in a robust, rechargeable, harsh environment will provide the Air Force with a tool to meet the goal of complex VOC profiling for positive or negative identification of suspects/persons of interest. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Scott Potter, PhD AF 08-032 Awarded: 3/9/2009 |
| Title: | Evolvable Microgame for Information Assurance Training (EMIAT) |
| Abstract: | With the central role that computers and networks play in the DoDs network-centric environment, all warfighters must have the knowledge and awareness of how information assurance (IA) threats and exploits can significantly degrade operational readiness. While IA threats have been recognized for years by the information technology community, most warfighters do not fully understand how reckless computer/network use can result in vulnerabilities to national security. An effective and engaging training approach is needed to educate warfighters about potential exploits and tools that can be used to protect against these insidious threats. Developing an effective training approach is challenging due to the evolving nature of cyber threats, as determined adversaries constantly update old approaches or develop new and different exploitation techniques. To address this training need, we propose to design and demonstrate the feasibility of an Evolvable Microgame for Information Assurance Training (EMIAT) using a framework for the development, testing, and deployment of extensible game-based training. This effort will consist of three elements: 1) a domain analysis targeted at identifying both static and dynamic IA training needs; 2) design and prototyping of an initial EMIAT microgame for proof-of-concept; and 3) design of a framework for developing, deploying, and adapting EMIAT microgames.BENEFIT:Individual EMIAT games will provide an immediate and tangible benefit to warfighters throughout the DoD by educating them about IA threats and tools. This benefit can also be provided to a wide range of large interconnected enterprises with staff using networked computers in their daily business activities. Additionally, the EMIAT framework provides a web-enabled training platform for authoring and delivering engaging and effective evolvable microgames. Commercial applications of this framework can include corporate training, education, and other applications of serious games. |
| Wombat Security Technologies
1000 Heberton St Pittsburgh, PA 15206 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 266-6253
Jason Hong AF 08-032 Awarded: 3/27/2009 |
| Title: | Micro Games for Cyber Threat Awareness |
| Abstract: | Our goal is to develop a web-based platform that can (1) host a collection of micro games for security training, (2) simplify the task of developing games by providing useful features, (3) help administrators manage and deploy micro games, and (4) help analysts visualize and drill down on data. For phase I, we will demonstrate the feasibility of our ideas. We will use a human-centered approach in developing a first iteration of this platform, conducting user studies to ensure that users find our system useful, usable, and desirable. We will also develop core functions and integrate two of our micro-games for security, one of which we have already developed and deployed, the other we are in the early design phases. Our team is comprised of three computer science faculty from Carnegie Mellon University who have founded a startup (Wombat Security Technologies, Inc) to commercialize our research in anti-phishing. Part of this research was in developing fun and effective training to protect people from online phishing scams, the most successful of which has been a game played by over 80,000 people with results showing that the game significantly boosts the ability of users to detect phishing attacks. BENEFIT:Success in this line of work will lead to five tangible benefits. First, it will make it easier for end-users to educate themselves through a variety of games for security training and assess how they are doing overall. Second, it will make it simpler for developers to deploy security training games, in that it makes games easy to find and eliminates the need for having to develop custom features that are common to many games, such as statistics and analytics. Third, our platform will provide a single centralized location for administrators to do common functions, rather than having to manage and configure each game individually. Fourth, our platform will make it easier for an analyst to assess how an organization is doing overall with regards to security training and retention. Fifth, our platform, coupled with a large set of games for security training, will lead to better and more effective security training for individuals, thus leading to better security and overall preparedness for an organization. Our anti-phishing game has been shown to appeal to users across a broad segment of organizations, including the US AirForce, financial organizations (e.g. Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation, TD Ameritrade), government (e.g. Florida Department of Transportation), schools, health care providers (e.g. Children Hospital Los Angeles), ISPs, government contractors (e.g. Booz Allen & Hamilton) and others, thereby demonstrating the dual-use potential of our approach to cyber security awareness training. Yet the cost of developing a single game remains high. Through the new platform we propose to develop and validate under the proposed SBIR grant, we expect to significantly reduce the development costs and time associated with the introduction of new games. With cyber security threats continuing to evolve quite rapidly, this is critical if one is to ensure that training material remains current. |
| Enkia Corporation
817 West Peachtree St. Suite 208 Atlanta, GA 30308 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(888) 365-4287
Badri Lokanathan AF 08-034 Awarded: 2/12/2009 |
| Title: | Data access and security in a need-to-share environment |
| Abstract: | The adoption of Web 2.0 tools and technologies has enabled new information sharing workflows that are mandated by a need-to-share in government and commercial environments. These workflows introduce new sources of potential information leaks, while the need for securing sensitive information remains critical as ever. Emerging net- centric tools, together with advanced automated cognitive techniques for content analysis and review, can provide users with multi-level security access (read/write) to content strictly in accordance with their level of authorization as governed by organizational policies. An emerging concern with usage of such tools is the security risk of leakage through information aggregation. Allowing lower-level users to discover information in higher-level security domains may provide both existential knowledge and inadvertent leakage through aggregation with other available content that by itself is safe for release. Enkia, a developer of advanced cognitive technologies and tools for monitoring and filtering unstructured text has prototyped SecureBlog as a multi-level content access platform with automated security guards, that supports browse-down and browse-up capabilities. In the proposed Phase I investigation Enkia will develop extensions to SecureBlog that demonstrate the capability of guarding against inadvertent leaks due to aggregation. Subsequently Enkia will extend the developed techniques to browsing multiple web sources.BENEFIT:Information aggregation analysis has two anticipated commercial thrusts. The primary thrust is towards content monitoring and filtering solutions geared towards information security. The secondary commercial thrust is in applications of knowledge discovery. Examples: correlating separate criminal incidents in law enforcement, chatter monitoring and pattern detection for anti-terrorism applications, locating related case histories in medical or legal fields. |
| Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
951 Mariners Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Eugene R. Creswick AF 08-034 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Evidence-Base Automation for Document Dissemination |
| Abstract: | Recent innovations in information collection have vastly increased the amount of digital content available. Providing collaborators with access to this information during day to day activities is vital. However, search services that tie together information across multiple security domains cannot be deployed because of the potential for unsafe information dissemination. Search results and the requested documents must be cleared for the requesting user before they can be presented; however, involving human reviewers in this information retrieval process is not a sustainable solution. Thus, automated tools need to be incorporated with search services and with the human review process to improve security without adding costs for the users or unduly burdening the information providers. We present an evidence-based approach to information management and dissemination that leverages the state-of-the-art in natural language processing and automated classification technologies. Our approach takes a gradual path to increasing automation by developing techniques based on active learning that can be incorporated into existing workflows. As the proposed system learns from the user''''''''''''''''s activities, it will increasingly provide support to the user''''''''''''''''s tasks. This approach will build trust, allowing the system to gradually provide increasingly automated secure information dissemination.BENEFIT:Many areas of the commercial sector have a pressing need for tools designed to improve information dissemination efficiency and security. The recent development of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 have made these requirements more pressing than ever. Our proposed approach incorporates state-of-the- art text analysis and information management technologies with existing search tools to manage information retrieval, both of individual documents and aggregates, in an efficient and secure manner. |
| Fetch Technologies
841 Apollo Street Suite 400 El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 414-9849
Steven Minton AF 08-036 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Automated Data Transformations for Net-Centric Operations |
| Abstract: | In this project Fetch Technologies will design, prototype and evaluate a new approach to transforming and normalizing data from multiple heterogeneous sources. In previous work, we developed and successfully commercialized a system for creating transformation pipelines. In a transformation pipeline, a new source (with its own unique schema) can be dropped into the pipeline, and as long as the sources data schema satisfies some very general constraints on the type of data present, then the pipeline will successfully normalize data from that source. Our objective is to design the next generation of this system, which we call AutoTrans, that will minimize the human effort necessary build a robust transformation pipeline. In particular, through the use of machine learning techniques, the AutoTrans system will make it easier and more automatic to configure and modify a series of transformations. It will also provide actionable results even when the existing set of recognizers and mappings is incomplete. Finally, the system will be able to represent and reason about the correctness/fidelity of the transformed data. BENEFIT:The aim of this project is to create a transformation system that minimizes the human effort necessary to aggregate data from multiple heterogeneous systems. Currently, integrating information from multiple domains and applications is technically challenging. Using existing transformation design systems is difficult because the transformations generally have to be designed by knowledgeable programmers. They are often one-to-one mappings, which must be modified or redesigned when a new data source needs to be integrated. Our approach represents an advance for data aggregation problems, because it allows one to implement a data pipeline that can normalize data from a wide variety of sources without reprogramming. The new AutoTrans technology represents the next generation of this approach. It will markedly decrease the human time and the skill-level required to develop and maintain these powerful pipelines. This in turn will produce a qualitative difference in how broadly this technology can be applied in commercial and military systems. |
| Securboration Inc
1050 W NASA Blvd Suite 154 Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 591-7371
Bruce McQueary AF 08-036 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Automated Data Transformations for Net-Centric Operations |
| Abstract: | The ever increasing number of web data sources and the additional complexity of sharing data among databases creates a growing need for less labor intensive schema matching and translation techniques. Securboration, teaming with Dr. Jens Pohl, Professor of Architecture and Executive Director of the Collaborative Agent Design Research at California Polytechnic State University, and Chairmen of the Board of CDM Technologies, is pleased to propose the Semantic Ontology-Assisted Matching System, or SOAMS, directed at data transformation solutions. As a part of our approach, the Securboration Team offers the following: (1) Highly-qualified Team with extensive experience in semantic interoperability, ontological reasoning, agent frameworks, schema matching, data transformation, and data cleansing technologies. (2) Direct alignment to Government application applied to USTRANSCOMs Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise (JDDE), as indicated by the Support letters from USTRANSCOM in Section 5 of this proposal (3) Viable commercialization opportunity by integrating SOAMS technology directly into CDMs MARVEL AES commercial release. Our approach uses a domain model that facilitates a top-down approach to the matching and translation problem by allowing schema alignment based on meaning to semantically match schema and then use syntactical methods for further matching and transformation.BENEFIT:Our partnership with Dr. Pohl and CDM will enable SOAMS to be developed with an eye towards integration possibilities with CDMs MARVEL AES commercial product. The synergies are excellent between the two, which is a basis for the long term teaming arrangements. Additionally, SOAMS has broad capability to support SOA component vendors, particularly as a product that facilitates SOA implementations. This is important as many SOA contracts are now service-level contracts (vs. one shot commercial products) that include deployment and installation and a product such as SOAMS will enable more rapid implementation of an SOA by mitigating the labor intensive process of matching and translation. |
| 3 Sigma Research, Inc.
503 S. River Oaks Dr. Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 674-9267
James DIke AF 08-037 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Automate Ontological Representation of security classification guides |
| Abstract: | 3 Sigma Research proposes an innovative concept for interfaces to ontology-based software that will facilitate development of multi-level security aiding tools and data to ensure information assurance. A primary example of applying this technology would be a tool to assist with the automated creation of security classification guides. The Ontology- based Security Classification Guide Investigation (OSCG-I ) will focus on development of an approach for specifying a formal ontological open standard for the information contained in a security classification guide (SCG), including security classification rules, and validating the consistency whether a single, or multiple, ontology-based SCGs apply to a given situation; a tool to facilitate and automate creation of SCG and the inherent security classification rules. The innovative concepts would combine the power of ontology-based reasoning components to address the complex and dynamic needs for automated information security needs in todays ever-changing coalition environment. The approach will include investigating the potential issues in migrating from current implementation to our new approach. The product of our research can be the ground work for a rare opportunity to truly achieve automated SCG creation and maintenance, and provide more rapid and agile responses to dynamic environments.BENEFIT:The potential of this approach positively affects every user in the enterprise. The greatest benefit is increased information assurance in data delivery. In addition, with an open standard interface, dynamic applications could now be developed to explore the effects of completely new ways of updating the information assurance policies throughout the enterprise; allowing information assurance (IA) managers to more effectively manage the security classification characteristics of the entire enterprise. The product of our research can be the ground work for a rare opportunity to truly achieve automated SCG creation and maintenance, and provide more rapid and agile responses to dynamic environments. We can envision this approach as a strong complement to cross-domain solutions. Above any other benefit is the fact that, wherever warfighters are, secure information at the right level of detail and appropriately accessed or disseminated can greatly increase the efficiency of their activities. |
| Articulate Software
420 College Ave Angwin, CA 94508 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(707) 965-2562
Adam Pease AF 08-037 Awarded: 2/13/2009 |
| Title: | Automate Ontological Representation of security classification guides |
| Abstract: | The volume of information available is making it impractical to rely completely on humans to touch, assess and classify every bit of information, especially when there may be multiple overlapping security classification guidelines that are applicable. Automation is needed on two fronts: (1) to design security classification guides that are clear, formal, explicit and mutually consistent and non-redundant (2) to apply security classification guides with the smallest amount of feasible human intervention. We will use an existing language to logic translation system (called the Controlled English to Logic Translation system) to convert security classification guides into formal logic, utilizing new and existing definitions from the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). We will ensure that the translated rules are clear and consistent with automated theorem proving conducted in our Sigma Knowledge Engineering Environment.BENEFIT:The resulting system will enable security classification guides to be turned into computer-executable specifications. Security guides will be able to be tested automatically for internal consistency and consistency with other guides. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Joe Gorman AF 08-038 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Multi-Intel for Space Situation Awareness (MInt4SSA) |
| Abstract: | The prominent role that space-based assets play in ISR, navigation, communications, and targeting exposes a critical vulnerability for US military operations. To maintain our military dominance, the US Air Force is actively pursuing Space Situation Awareness (SSA) and Defensive Counterspace (DCS) techniques that identify and characterize space infrastructure attacks and the associated estimation and prediction of adversary intent and capabilities. For example, AFRLs Space Vehicles Directorate is studying the application of data fusion theory to automated threat detection and characterization. As a member of this research team, Charles River Analytics is currently working on a situation assessment data fusion component that addresses the identification of relationships and situation state across space abnormality event tracks. Here, we propose to extend this data fusion work to include the use of additional types of intelligence information by developing a Multi-Int System for Space Situation Awareness (MInt4SSA). The objective of MInt4SSA is to demonstrate methods to extract relevant information from new intelligence data sources and to extend our existing level 2 fusion components to use this information to improve SSA. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing current and planned Air Force and DoD SSA and DCS approaches and technologies. BENEFIT:We see direct application of the proposed effort to the development of decision aiding systems for enhancing space situation awareness and supporting counterspace operations. In addition, the proposed effort will impact the development and enhancement of our REASON via the incorporation of the situation-theoretic modeling and inferencing components of the proposed system. |
| DECISIVE ANALYTICS Corporation
1235 South Clark Street Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 414-5001
Bruce Swett AF 08-038 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Information Fusion and Prediction for Space Situational Awareness |
| Abstract: | Under this SBIR, the Decisive Analytics Corporation (DAC) team proposes a novel solution to creating a clear and timely space asset threat picture from available intelligence data by recognizing and anticipating hostile space activities. The DAC solution is a supervised learning approach that mines the temporal structure of complex space events from historical data and uses these temporal relations as features in the characterization and anticipation of future space events. The solution involves two processing loops: 1. A training loop in which important discriminating relationships fingerprints comprising different hostile and unintentional space activities are learned from historical data; and 2. An on-line event recognition loop that discovers patterns and composite relationships in the available data and uses these mined relations to characterize the hostility of events in the evolving space scene and to anticipate events that are likely to occur in the future. The proposed approach builds on DACs experience in designing, implementing and delivering advanced data mining and association algorithms to the DoD community. These technologies, combined with the DAC teams experience in planning, coordinating, managing and executing worldwide Space Situational Awareness operations to detect, track, identify, catalog and protect international space systems will result in algorithms suitable for prototyping in Phase I and Phase II and deployment to the US Air Force in Phase III of this SBIR.BENEFIT:The anticipated benefit of the proposed solution is an improvement in the ability to utilize all relevant threat intelligence information to detect intentional space threats, unambiguously classify anomalous behavior as environmental, man-made unintentional or hostile, and anticipate hostile space actions. This will include a logical and easily interpretable graph of the information that led to a particular classification determination i.e. the chain of evidence needed to infer the hostility of a space action. The approach is also applicable to the characterization of threats in the areas of missile defense and to the classification of complex events (activities) in video. |
| 21st Century Systems, Incorporated
6825 Pine Street, Suite 141 Omaha, NE 68106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(573) 329-8526
Robert Woodley AF 08-039 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Space-ACE |
| Abstract: | There is a need for a next-generation integrative decision support system for Space Control operations. This next-generation system should provide high-level capabilities for managing case files containing evidence, expert opinions, and data relationships. The system should enhance operator awareness by highlighting salient aspects of the case file, critical relationships, and confidence assessments. Pedigree management is important for confidence assessment, but the system must also provide mechanisms to help see beyond the pedigree horizon. The system must be able to combine human and machine- generated information in an intuitive, collaborative, and operator-tunable manner. 21st Century Systems Incorporated proposes to apply its expertise in developing Intelligence- based Decision Support Systems to the challenge of creating the next generation Space Control decision support system. Many of the core challenges have been addressed in our Webster-ACE (Agent Case Expert) project, but there is significant work required to adapt it for the needs of Space Control operations. In this proposal, we provide an introduction to salient aspects of the Webster-ACE technology and present a work plan for undertaking the innovative work required to adapt these aspects for Space Control operations. The name of our concept is the Agent Case Expert for Space Control Decision Support or Space-ACE.BENEFIT:In support of the JFCC, the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC) requires advanced operator-tunable data association and filtering techniques to identify pertinent, high-valued, actionable information in support of Space Situation Awareness extracted from incoming data streams and cyber chat. With Space- ACE, the potential exists to identify serious threats to spacecraft in order to prevent adverse actions before they happen. Assessments generated by Space-ACE will provide JSpOC, USSTRATCOM, and Combatant Commanders the necessary information for Space Control operations for the Space Command & Control (C2) Weapons System and through NECC networks via web-services access to the algorithms. 21CSI fully intends to build and transition key technological elements the collaborative agent concept, information inferencing products using the collaborative environment derived from 21CSIs Evidential Reasoning Network (ERN) technology to suitable USAF and DoD development centers for concurrent data mining. The commercial transition is similar to the military transition. The target customer list is somewhat narrow, but very important in terms of overall capabilities and revenue generation. Commercial satellite services revenue grew at an impressive rate from $86.9 billion in 2005 to $111.1 billion in 2006, while commercial space infrastructure revenue was up from $28.7 billion in 2005 to $33.1 billion in 2006. Commercial satellite services represent the dominant space sector accounting for 50 percent of space economic activities. Direct-to-home television services were up 20 percent to $55 billion in 2006. The commercial space industry is enormous and is totally dependent on a relatively small number of on orbit vehicles essentially low density, high demand assets. The $55 billion direct-to-home television service in the U. S. currently has |
| Pragati Synergetic Research, Inc.
914 Liberty Ct. Cupertino, CA 95014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 625-0274
Mala Mehrotra AF 08-039 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Expozé-Aware: A Clustering Environment for Situational Awareness Data Understanding & Fusion |
| Abstract: | Whereas machine processing algorithms for low-level data fusion has made significant progress in recent years, Human-in-Loop aids to help the human in the OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide & Act) Loop for situational awareness fusion process, has not made as much progress. In this project we propose a human-machine collaboration mode solution, Expozé-Aware which uses clustering technology to condense huge amounts of data to understandable pieces of information chunks which can lead to identification of actionable intelligence for space situation awareness. Clustering the data can help maintain user focus at all times for achieving situational awareness even with massive amounts of data while allowing actionable information to emerge from low-level tuning/filtering of data when necessary. The vision of this project is to utilize the output from the clustering infrastructure to feed as input for various NECC-aware planning tools, whose visualizers are currently inundated with data that has not been sufficiently differentiated with respect to their relevance and salience for the mission focus.BENEFIT:Enterprise Information Integration (EII) systems are beginning to adopt an abstract semantic mediation layer to access heterogeneous data such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationships management (CRM) applications. |
| 21st Century Technologies Inc.
4515 Seton Center Parkway Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 342-0010
Laura Hitt AF 08-040 Awarded: 2/12/2009 |
| Title: | CLAD: Classification Labeling of Aggregated Data |
| Abstract: | CLAD is a web service to ensure that all data entering a network is properly labeled, and that the aggregate data available to users is within their clearance. CLAD verifies all incoming data as properly labeled, adds the metadata of each document to the metadata of the collection, conducts a shallow analysis to determine if a reclassification of documents as a collection is needed, compares document visibility requirements and users credentials to determine authorization, and routes the collection to a local auto- classification system if reclassification is needed. CLAD then passes it on to the user, based on the users clearance and need-to-know. CLAD can be configured to accept information on credentials from a wide range of sources. Additionally, CLAD is agnostic to the format of security markings on the data it processes. CLAD processes the labels whether they come in the form of inline paragraph markings, XML metadata, or a number of other formats. CLAD stands to provide the Air Force and a wide range of military and commercial customers with a tremendous advantage in security. Most importantly, CLAD allows users to search for and browse the information they need to accomplish their missions without compromising individual and national security.BENEFIT:CLAD will be deployed as a web service to minimize the effort required to install the system in an operational environment. CLADs existence on the network will ensure that all data passing through it is clad with appropriate labels (individually and collectively) or routed to another service to gather appropriate labeling, in an assured manner, so that the most accurate classification is maintained. CLAD will give users the ability to search for and browse the information they need to accomplish their missions without compromising individual and national security, as there is an assurance that the aggregate data classification is within their security clearance Because CLAD is so adaptable, it stands to provide the Air Force and potentially a wide range of military and commercial customers with a tremendous advantage in security. CLAD will protect classified information that enters the network from any source (searches, e-mail, browsing, etc.), and it will do so while leveraging the classification guidelines, marking styles, C&A, access control systems, and classification authorities already in place. The most important benefit provided by CLAD, however, is the ability of users to search for and browse the information they need to accomplish their missions without compromising individual and national security. |
| Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.
951 Mariner''s Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Eugene Creswick AF 08-040 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | DAIS: Maintaining Dynamic Aggregated Information Security |
| Abstract: | Federated search tools are of great value to users with timely information needs, but little attention has been directed towards solving the security issues that arise with these tools in the context of multiple security domains. Search results and the requested documents must be cleared for the requesting user before they can be presented; however, it is extremely costly to involve human reviewers in this information retrieval process. Thus, new automated techniques are needed to accurately identify the classification level of search results. Such techniques must do more than identify the classification of individual phrases, since high-security knowledge may be exposed by combining multiple portions of low-security content that, when combined, reveal classified information. These information aggregates must be detected and tracked automatically before a dangerous amount of the aggregate is released. We present a solution that integrates text analysis techniques with search technologies to enable automatic dissemination of information at multiple security levels based on user and system access rights as well as security markings. We then extend this solution to incorporate aggregate tracking and we propose methods to learn about and reason with external sharing to further reduce the chances of security leaks through content aggregation.BENEFIT: Many areas of the commercial sector have a pressing need for tools designed to improve information dissemination efficiency and security. The recent development of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 have made these requirements more pressing than ever. Our proposed approach, DAIS, incorporates state-of-the-art text analysis and information management technologies with federated search tools to manage information retrieval, both of individual documents and aggregates, in an efficient and secure manner. |
| Intelligent Automation, Inc.
15400 Calhoun Drive Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 294-5218
Peng Xie AF 08-041 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | AEAAVT: an Adaptive and Extendible Assurance Assessment and Validation Tool for IPv6 Transition Mechanisms |
| Abstract: | IPv6 transition mechanisms may damage the security of the network if not deployed appropriately. In this proposal, we present an adaptive and extendible assurance assessment and validation tool (AEAAVT) to address this challenging problem. AEAAVT is an automatic assurance assessment and validation tool for IP v6 transition mechanisms. AEAAVT combines probe-based measurement and penetration-based measurements to accurately and completely detect the dual-stack nodes and tunnels in the network. Moreover, AEAAVT enables the network administrator to efficiently assess the risk and locate the damage caused by the IPv6 transition mechanisms. Additionally, AEAAVT adopts close to real-scenario penetration to accurately assess the security of the network.BENEFIT:The proposed adaptive and extendible assurance assessment and validation tool provides a feasible solution to the security problems caused by the IPv6 transition mechanisms. The architecture and implementation approaches can be applied to a broad range of military networks including war-time command and control, real-time surveillance network, homeland security, etc. Other potential commercial applications include border and coast patrol, law enforcement agency, emergency control center and various civil applications. In essence, the ideas, methods and models resulting from this effort will be applicable to virtually all networks where IPv6 co-exists with IPv4. The market is quite large and still developing due to the IPv6 transition. The aggregated commercial market size can be much larger than that of military applications. IAI is more than a think tank, and we have actively pursued with our partners the application of our technologies into actual products in the past. For this proposed effort, in particular, we strongly believe that our work provides the solution needed in practice. It is also reasonable to expect a source of revenue from service contracts related with the actual development of such product of admission control. In addition, IAI will closely work with our partners and collaborator companies such as Lockheed, Boeing, BAE systems, Raytheon, and Telcordia to transfer this technology into the military and commercial world. |
| mZeal Communications
166 Boulder Drive, Suite 108 Fitchburg, MA 01420 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 665-0281
Rajini Anachi AF 08-041 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Expert Validation of IPV4-6 Security in Transitional Areas (EVISTA) |
| Abstract: | A compelling case can be made for the implementation of IPv6, a replacement for the hugely successful but limited IPv4 protocol. Furthermore, in an important sense IPV6 is already here. Most network equipment and operating systems created in the last several years are IPV6 capable. This de-facto transition poses important security risks. Dual- stack nodes have mechanisms for accessing both IPV4 and IPV6 networks. As transition mechanisms have been developed, the security considerations have been reasonably well documented, but information assurance policies and enforcement mechanisms need to take into account the security implications of this new technology. There is clearly a need for a tool which aids administrators in dealing with the security threats posed by a transitional environment. mZeal Communications proposes a product which is intended to fill this need, Expert Validation of IPV4/6 in Transitional Areas (EVISTA). EVISTA is envisioned to be self-configuring, expert system which specializes in identifying and neutralizing security gaps and active threats in a wide variety of transitional environments. It will contain software agents that collect information about the network, both from a static and dynamic standpoint, and a rule-based inference engine, used to intelligently identify how to defeat threats in its host environment. BENEFIT:The anticipated benefits of EIVSTA could be quite significant, due to its widespread potential applicability. Near-term commercial opportunities exist in areas relating to the DOD. This is due in part to fact that mZeal has several years of experience in working with the military on a variety of projects, and therefore have a high degree of familiarity with defense- related organizations. Additionally, per DOD mandate, all DOD agencies must have become technically IPv6 compliant as June 2008. This implies that most of them are at some level of transition, which is exactly the type of environment to which the EVISTA system is targeted. There is also the scenario for deployment of EVISTA in tactical networks. The promise of IPv6 is power at the edge, which implies its usefulness in tactical environments. The ability to detect and automatically disable an intrusive, potentially crippling attack on the network actively involved in a battle scenario represents a powerful capability in a tactical system. For the longer term, in a vein similar the DOD, the OMB has also mandated that all Federal agencies have become IPv6 capable by now. Given the sheer size and scope of the Federal government, this represents a significant potential market for EVISTA. Ultimately, the largest potential market is the totality of the users of the worldwide internet. As mentioned previously, government organizations in multiple countries are actively advocating for a transition to IPv6. Since the US has a relatively large portion of the IPv4 address space, rapidly developing countries such as China and India have additional incentive to move to IPv6. Other countries have similar concerns and are likely to follow suit including, eventually, the U.S. Since the conversion to IPV6 is predicted to take place gradually, rather than overnight, the need for a transitional threat detection and elimination product such as EVISTA projects to be |
| Pikewerks Corporation
105 A Church Street Madison, AL 35758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 325-0010
Jackie Smith- AF 08-041 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Assurance Validation of Commercial Products Containing IPv6 Transition and Tunneling Mechanisms on the Air Force Network |
| Abstract: | The co-existence of IPv6 communication on established IPv4 networks introduces new security risks. Pikewerks has identified a number of research areas that would significantly improve the network analysis toolset available to network and system administrators and provide transition-phase tunnel authentication.BENEFIT:The software being developed will provide visibility into IPv6 network configurations and enhance IPv6 through IPv4 tunnel security. |
| Intelligent Automation, Inc.
15400 Calhoun Drive Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 294-5269
Babak Azimi-Sadjadi AF 08-043 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Multi Objective Superposition Coding for Reliable Networks |
| Abstract: | We propose a multi objective rate adaptive superposition coding where the rates for super imposed coded modulation are chosen based on the metrics that are drawn from end to end performance and routing scores. This novel approach allows the system designers to tune the physical layer modulation and coding to maximize the network performance rather than the individual links in the network. Single objective optimization in physical layer design (maximizing rate or maximizing reliability) can potentially reduce overall network throughput as explained. The major challenge here is to find a way to achieve a stable and reliable link without sacrificing the available channel capacity. The solution we propose to solve this problem is to use Superposition Coding.BENEFIT:In this project we will develop a superposition coding for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks which improves network performance significantly by allowing nodes to communicate to each other with different rates simultaneously. This technology is especially important for networks with high mobility such as Airborne Networks. Our immediate customer for this technology is Air Force where nodes are highly mobile. We expect that at the end of Phase II we will have a prototype of our technology in Hardware and ready for networking. This will give us an edge in an emerging market where robust and reliable networks are the primary requirements from the missions and applications. We expect that Air Forcefs network requirements and networks used on other branches of DOD will require highly reliable links. During Phase II we will talk with the prime contractors such as Boeing, General Dynamics, and Raytheon in order to transition our technology into the program of records. |
| Leaf Networks, LLC
14356 E. Geronimo Rd Scottsdale, AZ 85259 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(602) 332-4224
Jeffrey Capone AF 08-043 Awarded: 2/11/2009 |
| Title: | Rate-Adaptive High-Availability RF Links |
| Abstract: | In an airborne network there may only be a limited window of opportunity for a fighter jet or even a soldier on the ground to participate in a communication network. Any loss of connection during this limited transmission window due channel fluxuations is therefore extremely costly. In this project we propose a multi-resolution system base on superposition coding that will avoid these communication outages without having to sacrifice link capacity. The idea is to set different levels of priorities for different frames of data, and exploit multi-resolution coding/modulation techniques to protect these different pieces at different levels. When the channel conditions deteriorate only the highest priority data is transmitted successfully, while if the channel conditions improve other lower priority information is also received. We consider the important case of no feedback on the channel conditions to the transmitter, hence we do not adopt solutions based on adaptive coding/modulation schemes. This proposed multi-resolution coding scheme creates new challenges for higher layer networking protocols. Since the physical layer itself will offer multiple levels of service. An additional goal of this research is to develop and modify higher layer networking protocols to best utilize an underlying physical layer with multiple levels of service.BENEFIT:Leaf Networks has been delivering commercial award-winning software products for the last two years. Our software has received recognition from PC Magazine, Network World and PC World and sold several networking and multimedia products, including its patent pending virtual network software and its high-definition video conferencing product. The company and its founders have a history commercializing university research into products. Prior to Leaf Networks, in 1999 the founders launch Aligo, raised $24 M from Silicon Valley venture capitalists to commercialize their wireless research. The technology was transitioned into enterprise products and generated over $4 M annually and was licensed by Sun Micro Systems and Motorola. Currently, the founders of Leaf Networks have taken more recent patent pending ideas and converted it into consumer products which have been licensed by NETGEAR. Leaf Networks is run by Dr. Jeffrey Capone who was a former professor of Electrical Engineering as Arizona State University. Dr. Capone has a history of commercializing university research though understanding commercial potential, forming companies and raising capital. Leaf Networks sees many military and commercial application of the proposed technology. Some examples include airborne networks where a fighter jet may fly past the network and want to quickly upload or download large amounts of tactical data. Commercial applications include emergency response applications where high definition imagery can be requested over low bandwidth wide area wireless networks and downloaded or uploaded when connected to a pocket of high bandwidth. These pockets of high bandwidth may be available in a traffic intersection or on locations on highways. In either case, there is only a window of opportunity to download time critical data and any loss of connectivity due to varying |
| TrellisWare Technologies, Inc.
16516 Via Esprillo Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 753-1620
Sungill Kim AF 08-043 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Topologically Extreme Waveform Designs for Rate-Adaptive High-Availability RF Links |
| Abstract: | A modern military communications waveform suitable for use in airborne networks must meet four stringent requirements: (i) robustness to harsh RF environments, (ii) adaptability to time-varying RF conditions, (ii) tolerance of long feedback delays, and (iv) backward compatibility with existing military waveforms. The goal of this Phase I SBIR effort is the development of a waveform that provides reliable, robust high-data-rate connectivity in the face of these design challenges. TrellisWare Technologies, Inc. (TrellisWare) proposes to bring its significant expertise in waveform design for harsh RF environments to the important challenge of rate-adaptive, high-availability RF link design. TrellisWares existing Topologically eXtreme (TopX) waveform design tools including its Flexible Low- Density Parity-Check code family provide the necessary foundation for a scalable design that operates effectively across a large SNR dynamic range, tolerates high-frequency SNR fluctuations, and provides stability under potentially long feedback delays. BENEFIT:The most immediate commercial application of modern military waveform technology is in homeland security, first responder, and border patrol communications. Airborne network waveform technology in particular has potential applications in commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. For example, UAVs can provide cost-effective solutions for border surveillance while the use of airborne assets can be critical to fighting wildfires. TrellisWare therefore anticipates that the waveform technologies developed for the Air Force in this effort will therefore benefit commercial airborne network deployments as well. |
| Broadata Communications, Inc.
2545 W. 237th Street, Suite K Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Matheos AF 08-044 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Distributed Overlapping Cross Key Cross Domain Mobile Authentication Embedded System |
| Abstract: | Airborne operations require the timely sharing of data across U.S. security domains. The U.S. Air Force seeks to develop a Cross Domain Solution (CDS) with a corresponding set of rules for sharing data across these domains within a manpower-limited, SWAP- constrained airborne environment. To address these needs, Broadata Communications, Inc. (BCI), based on the integration and expansion of our innovations in localized, distributed network security with split keys, proposes to develop a novel Distributed Overlapping Cross Key (DOCK) System. BCI¡¦s DOCK system extends the well-known split key sharing scheme to produce keys that have the allowed information flow and data separation process results embedded in them. BCI¡¦s DOCK system does not require a centralized or ground authority because the transmitted keys are partial. Network participants can collectively and locally provide network authentication, which can be continued and carried to different domains without compromising the original domain keys. In our novel DOCK system, each domain adds new equations, which require key parts, and cancels some equations. Therefore, a mobile aircraft may be continually authenticated across different domains. The benefits of BCI¡¦s innovative DOCK system will greatly improve Air Force data sharing.BENEFIT:Potential military applications of the DOCK system are vast in Trusted Computing and Information Assurance, especially in the tactical environment where node populations may change or move. The following immediate applications can also benefit the DoD: Command and Control (C2) Information System (C2IS), Access Control for the Automated Information Systems (AIS), e.g., the Defense Message System (DMS), Corporate Executive Information Systems (CEIS), Defense Joint Accounting System (DJAS), Electronic Document Management Program (EDM). In addition to military applications, BCI has identified several potential commercial applications in which our proposed technology will have direct and dramatic impacts. Any distributed system that requires a deployable, instant detection and reaction, high security system can use BCIs DOCK system. In addition to many military uses, BCIs DOCK system can be applied to widespread commercial technologies, such as private networks, data acquisition systems, file-sharing and peer-to-peer networks, public records access for law enforcement agencies, and data management activities. |
| Solute, Inc.
4250 Pacific Highway Suite 211 San Diego, CA 92110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 758-9900
Matthew Levy AF 08-044 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Cross-domain solutions for airborne operations |
| Abstract: | In the tactical environment, imagery, video, and other bandwidth-intensive communications are typically handled through satellite communications (SATCOM) when line-of-sight options do not exist. As communications capabilities improve in the warfighter community, SATCOM services are becoming increasing over-taxed. To provide additional bandwidth, airborne nodes on resident battlespace aircraft and aerial vehicles can be deployed, but to handle multiple level classified data and data downgrading to the tactical user, an airborne Cross Domain Solution (CDS) is required. Current CDS products are often too cumbersome for airborne use and require a human-in-the-loop. SOLUTE and OIS will conduct research under this SBIR to develop a modular hardware architecture for implementation of an automated airborne CDS in a chip, card, and blade environment. SOLUTE will determine space, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints of candidate aircraft and aerial vehicles, define applications and their security requirements, and determine Real Time Operating System (RTOS) requirements for implementing a Multiple Independent Layers of Security/Safety (MILS)-based CDS solution. The company will then define the Information Flow and Releasability components of the CDS, conduct a trade-off analysis, and define at least three candidate hardware architecture footprints, along with testing and accreditation strategies for future Phase II development. BENEFIT:Globally, the SATCOM market has increased by more than 40% in the past five years, and the U.S. Government currently makes up 75% of the worlds demand for services. The impact of this technology will be immediate once implemented, saving potentially hundreds of millions of dollars in DoD SATCOM spending by making greater use of existing airborne assets for tactical communications. Known multiple level and multilevel tactical applications that can utilize this airborne CDS capability include Web Services, browsing, publish/subscribe, and e-mail, in addition to chat, Voice-over-IP (VOIP), and C4I operational/track data use. A MILS-based CDS solution will also enhance communications capabilities among all DoD aircraft programs currently slated to use MILS technology, which include the B-1, B-2, F-35, F-22, and C-130 Avionics Modernization Program. A MILS-based CDS is also directly applicable to the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program and other Software Defined Radio (SDR) markets, the Land Warrior Program, Global Positioning Systems, Army Future Combat Systems, and several mission critical systems aboard the new DDG-1000 Zumult class Destroyer. Additional commercial application areas include any industry using MILS that requires data compartmentalization and high uptime, including utility infrastructure management, financial services, and data centers. |
| L&S Computer Technology, Inc.
#110 PO Box 9802 Austin, TX 78766 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 988-3811
Connie U. Smith AF 08-047 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | A Framework for Robust Engineering of Large-Scale Distributed Real-Time Systems |
| Abstract: | We propose to define a software framework that will support semi to fully automatic integration of heterogeneous software design and performance analysis tools based on our accepted model interoperability approach. This framework will enable the automated translation of software designs from common design notations (such as UML) into performance models for evaluation of properties such as: hardware sizing, timing analysis, responsiveness, scalability, and others. It will support the addition of performance analysis tools in a plug and play style, thus making the environment expandable as new design methods and analysis techniques are desired. Phase I will focus on defining an architecture for this framework and demonstrating its feasibility. A prototype framework, including a sample set of design and analysis tools will be developed in Phase II and its utility will be demonstrated using a DoD case study. This prototype will be the foundation for a Phase III commercial product that would be marketed to both the DoD and commercial clients.BENEFIT:By automating the translation of software designs to performance models, this framework will eliminate the need for laborious and error-prone manual translation. This means that performance defects can be detected and corrected early in the development process where they are easier and less costly to repair. Automated translation of designs to performance models will also make it possible to keep the performance models and design synchronized as the software evolves. There are several potential markets for this framework: • The framework would provide performance analysts with the ability to quickly evaluate the performance impact of software design decisions. • Software architects could use automated performance analysis to provide decision support during the design phase of a project. • Those who oversee contract or outsourced software development (both DoD and commercial) could use the automated analysis to obtain real time feedback on the status of the products performance There is additional commercial potential in developing and marketing tools to populate the framework. Our customer base of performance specialists using the SPE-ED tool is already interested in interfacing additional tools to streamline their tasks. New, special-purpose tools could be developed to meet those needs. In addition, translators to integrate new tools into the framework could be marketed. |
| Tri-Pacific Software Inc.
909 Marina Village Parkway #283 Alameda, CA 94501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 814-1775
Peter Kortmann AF 08-047 Awarded: 2/11/2009 |
| Title: | Robust Engineering via Integrated Design and Analysis |
| Abstract: | The goal of the Phase I SBIR effort is to characterize and specify the application of the relevant parts of the MARTE profile into a class and component library including resources, networks, busses and other constrained-use artifacts (e.g. Devices, data tables, system locks, etc) so that a complete set of required performance objectives can be characterized for the aggregate set of components as well as for each individual constituent component. This data can then be accessed and acted on by the appropriate RMA, Queuing Theory and discrete event simulation tools to assess worst-case completion performance, average and statistical throughput information, and appropriate degraded mode operations context as needed. The characterization of performance objectives and implementation constraints as integral properties of each architectural design element makes the extraction of the appropriate collection of properties and their analysis easy to automate and facilitates insertion of analysis results into the architecture characterization as well. This foundation of architecture characterization is inherently extensible, since new properties and classes can easily be added as additional analyses and characterizations are required. Also the addition of this richer definition of real-time components will facilitate the ability to better analyze more complex distributed real-time architectures.BENEFIT:The commercial marketplace would see add-on component profiles available to UML design tools to use the new capabilities, along with drop in analysis tools to automate the analysis and assessment of architecture performance for systems designed using the new and augmented capabilities. Additional exposure to the new UML profiles and classes would be all that is necessary. Such future use applies not only to DoD embedded systems, but equally well to enterprise systems, automotive systems, financial management systems, aircraft, Telecom, manufacturing and control industries and FDA approved software products. As the software and the technology developed within this SBIR infuses into those marketplaces and cultures, performance assessment will become a co-equal part of the design effort and architecture process through the automation and computer capture of architecture performance information made available through the products of this SBIR. |
| WW Technology Group
4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 418-4353
Chris J. Walter AF 08-047 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Robust Engineering via Integrated Design and Analysis |
| Abstract: | The robust engineering of large-scale distributed real-time systems is no easy task. Software-based systems, both distributed and embedded, have reached the point where overall complexities radically increase the chance of defects and jeopardize run-time goals of dependability and performance. Concurrent with these challenges is the pervasive effort to drive mission costs lower while maintaining acceptable levels of quality and reliability in deployed mission software. Model Based Engineering (MBE) is seeing increasing use as a technique for representing and managing the designs of large, complex systems. In this project, WWTG would provide new and valuable solutions for automating activities involving the analysis of design information captured in a standards based language such as UML with the following capabilities: (1) Tool-assisted evaluation and interpretation of meta-model information for identifying required analysis information, (2) an approach for import and translation of standards-based model information into a common environment that allows for tool-facilitated management and viewpoint-based manipulation, and (3) performance analysis algorithms integrated with the common tool platform that provide value-added evaluation of the design information from the standpoints of schedulability, performance, and resource utilization/needs. BENEFIT: The WW Technology Group (WWTG) is developing a collection of engineering tool capabilities that bridge the gap between model based designs and analysis capabilities. WWTG has developed a tool platform called EDICT, which has shown remarkable promise as an MBE tool platform. Under this SBIR program, WWTG would position the Air Force to continue to leverage and build upon our successful tool development efforts to provide new and valuable solutions for automating activities involving the analysis of design information captured in a standards based language such as UML. Furthermore, WWTGs EDICT tool offers the Air Force an ideal platform for hosting performance and schedulability analysis algorithms, techniques and visualizations. Our approach contains many benefits when employed on complex systems that address system performance, dependability, safety and life cycle cost. The key benefit that our technology provides is reduced engineering development and system certification costs while maintaining high levels of system performance, reliability and safety. Through improved integration of design and analysis of system architectural models, drivers in the system design process are exposed and can be actively considered along with other traditional design trade- offs. This leads to more cost effective initial designs and upgrades of existing systems. The integration of attributes for performance, dependability and safety provide additional benefits; enabling early detection of reliability issues or potential safety violations, which in turn leads to deployed systems that are more robust and have lower cost due to elimination of expensive rework late in the development cycle. |
| MaXentric Technologies LLC
2071 Lemoine Avenue Suite 302 Fort Lee, NJ 07024 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 272-8800
houman Ghajari AF 08-050 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Communications-On-The-Move (COTM) Antenna Pointing and Stabilization System |
| Abstract: | The US Air Force is requesting the development and demonstration of a low-profile, robust antenna system capable of maintaining a Satellite Communications-On-The-Move (COTM) link for a moving vehicle as it traverses off-road terrain. This proposal presents an innovative solution codenamed XCA2T. XCA2T provides a robust solution by using multiple wider beam antennas and offsetting the reduction in gain by using a sophisticated spread spectrum waveform with state-of-the-art channel coding.BENEFIT:XCA2T provides the DoD with a true OTM SATCOM system cable of operating in several deployment scenarios: land, sea, and air. With the recent deployment of the first Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS), the demand for Ka and X-band SATCOM service On- The-Move will significantly increase. XCA2T is cable of delivering to the DoD a well documented blueprint for how a true OTM SATCOM system, based on proven commercial technology, can be deployed for military applications where high mobility is required. In terms of the commercial market, we foresee XCA2T providing high-speed Internet connectivity to several types of consumers. XCA2T system provides RV travelers with OTM Internet connectivity for web browsing, accessing directions, and making VoIP calls. The system also provides a means to get roadside help for flat tires and engine trouble. Additionally XCA2T provides truck fleet managers with the ability to monitor the status and location of any truck on the road. Additionally, the system provides the driver with Internet connectivity to quickly report breakdowns and find up to the minute traffic data and alternate route suggestions. XCA2T also lends itself to the commuter train market: the system could be used to provide commuters with Internet connectivity to make their rides more productive. XCA2T can also be deployed in maritime applications: the COTM link can be used to provide web-browsing as well as up to the minute navigational data. |
| Ross-Hime Designs, Inc.
1313 5th Street South East Minneapolis, MN 55414 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(651) 699-5610
Mark Rosheim AF 08-050 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Communications-On-The-Move (COTM) Antenna Pointing and Stabilization System |
| Abstract: | A key requirement of the Air-Forces future communication effort is wideband communication-on-the-move (COTM) while transversing rough, off-road terrain at moderate speed. BAE, Systems CNIR, Wayne, New Jersey the subcontractor on this effort, demonstrated this capability recently during COTM exercises involving the C4ISR Ku transmission subsystem operating on a HMMWV and communicating with an airborne vehicle. Ross-Hime Designs, Inc. Minneapolis Minnesota and BAE, Systems, is offering a complete system with a new and improved horizon-to-horizon gimbal tracking system with revolutionary dexterity and ruggedness.BENEFIT:Commercial applications of this research and development include any mechanical pointing of sensors on any mobile platform including land, sea, and space. Robotic applications include flexible joints for welding, water-jet cutting and laser. |
| Syntonics LLC
9160 Red Branch Road Columbia, MD 21045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 884-0500
Steven E. Gemeny AF 08-050 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Communications-On-The-Move (COTM) Antenna Pointing and Stabilization System |
| Abstract: | Syntonics proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a simple COTM multi-band antenna system based on the our pixel-addressable reconfigurable conformal antenna (PARCA) Software-Defined Antenna technology. PARCA is a phased array technology that operates under software control to be pointing-agile, frequency-agile, polarization-agile, low profile, and affordable. One concept uses a PARCA panel that is mechanically pointed for slow gross pointing and electronically pointed via software for fast fine pointing. Another concept uses multiple PARCA panels to provide all-sky coverage. BENEFIT:The initial market for a PARCA system that can be used for satcom on the move is substantial, as the market for military satcom systems is large both in the U.S. and with allied militaries. However, the PARCA technology will also be compelling in other military applications than need a thin, flat-plate array that provides agility in frequency, gain, steering, and polarization. |
| Azure Summit Technology, Inc.
12587 Fair Lakes Circle #342 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 272-1320
Scott Bierly AF 08-053 Awarded: 2/20/2009 |
| Title: | Small UAV Accurate Geolocation and Discrimination |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I effort, Azure Summit will develop a modular and scalable systems concept for SUAV payloads to perform RF Geolocation of broad classes of radar and communications emitters from 100-18000 MHz, across payload SWAP ranges, number of sensors, and signal environments, maximizing hardware and software reuse. We will select a set of geolocation algorithms and CONOPS which apply and scale across the range of SUAV sizes, signal types, and number of sensors. We will also develop a system-level analysis and trade study relating SUAV payload SWAP constraints to emitter detection, characterization, discrimination, and geolocation performance metrics. A set of hardware payload designs which address the full range of SUAV sizes and CONOPS, and share a common geolocation software architecture will be developed, along with a preliminary payload design for the smallest SUAV class (e.g., Raven B) geolocation payload, emphasizing communications emitter targets and single-platform organic operation, to be prototyped and tested in Phase II. Finally, we will develop a Phase II prototype implementation and demonstration plan and a set of technical performance goals that will be met in the demonstration.BENEFIT:Azure will work with the Air Force to ensure that the technologies to be developed in this SBIR are targeting appropriate commercialization applications, such as snap-on standard payload pods which bring new mission possibilities to existing SUAV deployments. |
| Scientific Applications & Research Assoc., Inc.
6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 597-0688
Michael Marino AF 08-053 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Small UAV Accurate Geolocation and Discrimination |
| Abstract: | The system-level design of a geolocation system for detecting and locating RF emitters on a small, unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) will be competed. The design will include system-level design, sensor subsystem design, RF receiver subsystem design, DSP subsystem design, and geolocation algorithms. The COTS components necessary to fabricate the system under the Phase II program will be identified. A mission-level simulation will be developed so that the systems accuracy can be evaluated. The simulation will allow for characterizing the systems geolocation performance with multiple emitters and various emitter locations. System fabrication and integration onto an Air Force platform will be done during Phase II. Field testing will be conducted during Phase II to demonstrate and quantify the systems geolocation performance.BENEFIT:Miltary uses of this system include locating enemy communication radios, cell phones, data links, jammers, remote detonation transmitters, and radars. Specific applications include Blue Force tracking or Combat Search and Rescue. The technology is platform independent and could be used on manned airplanes, helicopters, tanks, APCs, and as a hand-held unit for troops. For civialian applications, DHS has tasked the FAA to address the risk of US airports being disrupted by RF emitters such as GPS jammers in the midcourse and approach airspaces. A hand-held variant of this system could readily assist DHS enforcement teams in locating such devices. Smaller low cost units could be used at each airport for monitoring FAA communication channels to ensure flight safety. Additional civilian applications include distress situations to locate boaters for USCG Rescue 21 type applications, hikers using their cell phone, and enhanced 911 applications. |
| Trident Systems Inc.
10201 Fairfax Boulevard Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 691-7780
Dan Bindbeutel AF 08-053 Awarded: 2/12/2009 |
| Title: | Small UAV Accurate Geolocation and Discrimination |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in electronics miniaturization, unmanned vehicles, and battlefield communications & networking hold the potential to expand the capabilities RF threat geolocation, as well as make it more powerful, mobile, and collaborative. Advances in extremely low-power signal processing architectures, coupled with the increasing viability of small unmanned aircraft for tactical missions, can further leverage these capabilities by providing an in situ collection platform for gathering this signal information in the tactical environment, with the capability of maneuvering into direct RF line-of-sight to the potential threat emitter. In this effort, Trident will leverage its current capabilities in miniature direction-finding and distributed TDOA geolocation solutions to develop a small- footprint RF detection/discrimination/geolocation payload architecture that scales performance and capabilities across a range of small UAV platforms, from sub-meter to 4+ meter wingspans. Trident will identify the scope of functionality required to address threat geolocation in a real-world environment, developing a requirements specification covering all aspects of the problem space. An architecture will then be developed that addresses this functionality across a range of small UAV sizes and signal types, followed by a detailed modeling and simulation effort to demonstrate the validity of the architectural approach.BENEFIT:The successful development of this small UAV- based RF geolocation system will provide a significant new real-time capability in geolocation of adversaries in a tactical environment, enhancing tactical situational awareness and warfighter effectiveness, and providing a new tool for use in detection of wireless IED triggers. In the civilian realm, this capability offers utility in search and rescue operations, as well as providing RF detection capabilities for border surveillance in homeland defense. |
| Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 500-4813
Olivier Toupet AF 08-054 Awarded: 2/12/2009 |
| Title: | Coordinated Sensor Fusion and Management for Multiple UAVs |
| Abstract: | Two disparate technologies associated with net-centric warfare have reached a fairly high level of maturity: tactical control of UAVs and sensor fusion within and across high- value platforms. However, incorporation of local UAV data into the intelligence datastream is still limited, and more importantly, coordination of data gathering platforms is not automated or optimized. As the number of UAVs in the battlespace increases, the potential for fast and accurate localization, identification, designation, and prosecution of time-sensitive targets will only be realized if mechanisms for coordinating assets are developed. Aurora is proposing to develop an approach that covers all the aspects of the solicited technology for multi-platform multi-sensor (MPMS) tracking of multiple targets from sensor modeling to data association and fusion, to optimal sensor, platform and information management. Innovative resource allocation algorithms based on the Robust Decentralized Task Assignment (RDTA) technique jointly developed by Aurora and MIT and successfully demonstrated in recent STTR and SBIR efforts will be developed and implemented to allow multiple UAVs to optimally coordinate, efficiently directing the available sensors to collect the information required to effectively perform their missions. Auroras work to date on multi-vehicle coordination puts it in a unique position to meet the MPMS coordination challenge.BENEFIT:Whether integrated into a large battlespace or used locally by a team of UAVs supporting special forces, there is significant warfighter value available from methodologies for multi-platform multiple-sensor (MPMS) coordination for the purpose of optimizing information extraction from ISR data fusion. Simply having many sensors in the sky, especially limited capability sensors (due to UAV cost/size limits), is not sufficient to meet the Air Forces vision for dominance through information superiority. It is critical to get the right combination of sensors at the right location(s) at the right time, and to do so in a complex environment of targets, friendly forces, and air vehicles. Thus we see the MPMS problem as an opportunity to provide the final link in the net-centric warfare chain a chain which includes UAV platform technologies, sensor and sensor fusion technologies, communication, human interfaces and control, and multi- vehicle coordination. While the focus of this development effort will be on meeting the needs of the Air Force, Aurora will also seek other commercial applications of the technology. In addition to its wide military application including ISR missions, it is envisioned that the developed technology for coordinated sensor fusion and management can be used for numerous civil operations such as traffic flow and delay assessment, forest fire monitoring, border security, civilian search and rescue, weather and climate studies, and even space/Mars exploration. |
| Toyon Research Corp.
6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Craig S. Agate AF 08-054 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Control Algorithms for Network Centric Fusion |
| Abstract: | The coordination and management of sensor data collection has a strong influence on the accuracy and completeness of the fused situational awareness picture. To provide the best possible picture, Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms which generate controls for a collection of UAVs in order to maximize the probability of identifying and maintaining track on suspected enemy vehicles or dismounts. Algorithm inputs will include environmental data (terrain, roads, buildings), sensor, platform, and target motion models, and the current network centric fused estimate of the world (e.g., target kinematic state, uncertainty, and Bayesian classification estimate). The algorithms developed will generate UAV routes which are synchronized and optimized with high demand platforms. In Phase I we will simulate the performance of our approach in a realistic Ramadi-Falluja scenario in which enemy vehicles move between rural and urban safe-houses. Our sensor systems will include one standoff platform with radar and several UAVs with video sensors. Information processing will include multi-sensor fusion (MTI and video) and target signature extraction and fingerprinting. We will use track life as our primary performance metric. Phase II will advance the algorithms and demonstrate the overall approach in closed-loop exercise.BENEFIT:Automatic route and task generation for sensor assets has immediate application to network centric warfare. In addition, the algorithm technology can seamlessly transition into our Geospatial Analysis and Planning Support (GAPS) Toolbox application, which is sponsored by JFCOM Joint Urban Operation Office, and to the Decision Aid currently being developed for the U.S. Army under a Phase II SBIR contract. In addition to military systems, the technology developed during this project will serve as a foundation for planning tools for manned and unmanned systems, providing, for example, emergency response plans for natural disasters or biological, chemical, or nuclear attacks. |
| Intuidex, Inc.
1892 Mill Run Court Hellertown, PA 18055 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(484) 851-3423
William M Pottenger AF 08-055 Awarded: 2/12/2009 |
| Title: | Exploiting Essential Elements of Information from Significant Activity Reports (SIGACTS) for Forensic Analysis |
| Abstract: | There has been a great deal of development effort within the academic, governmental, and commercial arenas over the past few years in the field of information extraction. Based on our investigation, however, it appears that there is no ground truth for SIGACTS reports, which prevents GMTI users, program managers and researchers from performing apples-to-apples comparisons of information extraction technologies. Given our close working relationship with GMTI analysts and experience with GMTI data in an ongoing project, we propose to address this deficiency as part of this SBIR project. Another critical issue is the need to link information extracted from SIGACTS with other types of information used by analysts working with GMTI data. We have been working closely with GMTI analysts at AF ESC CEIF to apply data analytics technologies to pattern discovery in GMTI data, and are well positioned to link information extracted from SIGACTS reports to GMTI data. This is another goal of this SBIR project. We also have recently developed a semi-supervised active learning method for information extraction that can be leveraged in existing systems for information extraction such as Intuidexâs IxEEE⢠or Janyaâs Semantexâ¢. A third goal of this SBIR project is thus to apply this rule learning technique to SIGACTS reports. Finally,it is also known that information extraction techniques can be supplemented with text classification techniques. In our work we have developed an approach to text classification that leverages recent advances in statistical relational learning. The final thrust of this SBIR will be to apply our text classification algorithms to the problem of automatically categorizing events extracted from SIGACTS reports.BENEFIT:The primary customers for SIGACT extraction products are forensic GMTI analysts at JIEDDO/COIC, NASIC, and NGA that will benefit from overlaying SIGACT information over GMTI data. There are also near-real-time analysts in the Army, Marines and on board JSTARS and LSRS platforms. Even though NRT analysts do not perform in- depth analysis of forensic data, their ability to interpret NRT data will be enhanced by SIGACT data. According to our discussions, analysts have a strong preference for new capabilities to be integrated into the products they currently use instead of developing new tools. Currently, analysts use the MOVINT Client (MC) (developed by Northrop Grumman under funding from AFRL/Rome fusion lab), ISR Forensics (MITRE) display and Google Earth-based products. Army analysts are also using Common Ground Station (CGS). Most analysts are scheduled to transition to the new DCGS (Army or AF versions) that will include MC. In addition, ground station for Army VADER UAV (developed by BAE Advanced Information Technologies) will also be based on MC. We are currently in discussions with the AFRL Fusion lab to develop an open API necessary to integrate external products such as the extraction products proposed herein into MC. |
| Janya Inc.
1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 565-0401
Thomas L. Cornell AF 08-055 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Exploiting Essential Elements of Information from Significant Activity Reports (SIGACTS) for Forensic Analysis |
| Abstract: | The goal of this research is to provide automated information extraction services, in particular relationship extraction, for forensic analysis. Specifically, we propose to develop and pursue an ontology-driven approach to information extraction, in which a formal ontology capturing concepts of interest is used not only to facilitate the exploitation of extraction results in a larger forensic analysis system but also to drive the development of the primitive language resources and pattern recognizers that provide those extractions services at the lowest level. A formal standards compliant ontology facilitates communication between developers and other stakeholders, can serve as a specification for new language resources required by the SIGACT domain, makes it easier for users to understand and evaluate the system, makes the results more useful to downstream applications, and facilitates the integration of the IE engine into a service oriented application environment. The focus will be on the characterization and extraction of relationships of interest, as these allow new visualization tools (network visualization) to be used for forensic analysis and also serve as a potential bridge to new items of related data for the analyst''s review.BENEFIT:This research will make it easier to extend our information extraction capabilities to new domains and should improve our ability to specify and engineer individual linguistic knowledge resources. It should also allow our information extraction products to be more easily integrated into application environments emphasizing collaborating services. |
| Aptima, Inc.
12 Gill Street Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 496-2467
Georgiy Levchuk AF 08-058 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | HARP: Hybrid Architecture for Reaction Predictions |
| Abstract: | In todays conflicts and wars against asymmetric adversaries the battlefield has grown beyond clear frontlines to reach into otherwise peaceful societies, across multiple countries, and even into cyberspace. Intelligence collection planners and analysts are overwhelmed by the information flow, racing to understand two fundamental problems, estimating the current and potential future states of the adversary, and making optimal use of ISR assets. To meet these challenges, Aptima proposes HARP, a Hybrid Architecture for Reaction Predictions. HARP will be an automated decision support service for intelligence analysts and ISR collection planners that will process information across multiple layers. The layers will exist at different levels of granularity, and will communicate in both directions. Layering will provide for efficient use of the detailed data detected bottom-up from the sensors and effective use and investigation of high-level top-down hypotheses. HARPs approach will also provide an effective bridge between the automated system and the human analyst. HARP will naturally enable analysts to make prediction assessments that can then help intelligence collection planners identify the most critical areas requiring additional observation. In Phase I, a HARP prototype will be constructed and demonstrated by customizing and integrating existing Aptima models. BENEFIT:As envisioned, HARP will provide a viable method for analysts to make sense of available data by estimating the current and potential future states of the adversary. With HARP analysts will identify the best ways to deploy existing ISR assets minimizing the uncertainty about future adversarial states while also minimizing the cost of deploying their ISR assets. In doing so, HARP will provide analysts with rich, timely, and intuitive assessments. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Jonathan Pfautz, PhD AF 08-058 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Hybrid Architecture supporting Multiple Models of Enemy Reactions (HAMMER) |
| Abstract: | Commanders engaged in modern counterinsurgency warfare achieve success by accounting for adversary behaviors and responses to courses of action during the planning process. A single type of modeling formalism is unable to capture all of the dynamics of modern asymmetric warfarethere are too many levels and types of analysis for a single modeling paradigm to be sufficiently valid and accurate across all possible operational environments and planning activities. To effectively explore the potential reactions of an adversary, we need to incorporate relevant models of the enemys strategies and tactics across the resource allocation, planning and scheduling, and mission execution spaces. Planners also need to know what information is necessary to confirm, refute, or refine forecasts. Our plan is to develop HAMMER, a hybrid architecture that incorporates meta-models to represent each models technical and data requirements (including inputs and outputs), theoretical underpinnings, and operational uses. The meta-models will enable the planner to decompose forecasting tasks into subtasks solvable by other models; they will facilitate the input of data from multiple repositories or data mining tools; and they will allow the planner to know when additional data collection could confirm, refute, or refine forecasts.BENEFIT:We expect the full- scope HAMMER system to have immediate and tangible benefit for political decision makers, Commanders in all branches of the U.S. military, and the intelligence community. Adding support for more thorough validation of models and to better provide for the end- users decision-making needs provides additional beneficial to potential customers of our commercial AgentWorks product, such as those using complex, agent-based models to support financial and health-management decisions. |
| Securboration Inc
1050 W NASA Blvd Suite 154 Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 591-9836
Lee Krause AF 08-058 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | A Hybrid Architecture Approach to Forecasting Adversary Reactions |
| Abstract: | Course of action (COA) analysis, especially adversary reaction prediction, that occurs during the Joint Operation Planning Process/Joint Air Estimate Process (JOPP/JAEP) has benefited by applying advanced computing algorithms. Typically though, algorithms have been narrowly applied to solve niche issues within broader JOPP/JAEP tasks. The concept of hybrid architectures seeks to provide a more holistic approach. With hybrid architectures, tasks are decomposed into subtasks that are assigned an algorithm suitable to performing that subtask. Hybrid architectures may be constructed from a variety of algorithms, and typically multiple algorithms can be applied to a general classification of problem. However, although the classification may be similar, the problem constraints imposed by the current situation in which decisions must be made vary greatly. To address these challenges, Securboration is teaming with artificial intelligence expert Dr. Eugene Santos from Dartmouth College to develop the Virtual Hybrid Architecture Computing System or VHACS. In Phase I of this effort, the Securboration Team will develop the VHACS prototype that determines appropriate algorithms to satisfy given subtasks within the current operational environment and then composes them into a specification that it invokes for a distributed execution. VHACS combines the benefits of traditional hybrid architectures with the reach, flexibility, and reusability of netcentric concepts.BENEFIT:VHACS presents a series of interesting initial commercialization opportunities that will be explored, and subsequently refined, over the course of this research. The approaches taken in VHACS to automate hybrid execution through distributed discovery and composition and applying the results to solve complex problems have utility to a variety of commercial applications. The four most prominent include: 1) Logistics algorithms that focus on optimization can be combined with other algorithms to understand the propagating cascading effects that logistics contributes to, 2) Gaming algorithms and techniques developed for VHACS can be embedded into gaming engines (including military) to incorporate a more dynamic/realistic behavior based on composite algorithms. Especially with distributed gaming approaches, VHACS can dynamically alter the algorithms that comprise the executable hybrid architecture package to modify the behavior of virtual entities etc., 3) World Banking VHACS can invoke hybrid algorithms to understand how regional behaviors rapidly change based on perceptions of U.S. actions taken, VHACS could be used to understand regional stability issues that are of great concern to the world banking community, 4) Strategic Business Analysis there is a very close analogy between understanding an enemy, his likely courses of action and developing a plan to defeat him to that of understanding a business competitor, his likely aggressive business actions and developing a strategic business plan to dominate in a discrete business domain. It is clear that this research could significantly improve, or perhaps even supplant, current business analysis and planning techniques such as SWOT analysis. |
| Altex Technologies Corporation
244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 328-8302
John T. Kelly AF 08-062 Awarded: 1/27/2009 |
| Title: | Aircraft Avionics Temperature Management Using NISHEX |
| Abstract: | Aircraft avionics equipment must be cooled to maintain component reliability and longevity, particularly in high ambient temperature environments. Conventional cooling approaches fall short of performance, weight, compactness and cost requirements. Altex has identified an advanced air cooling approach that can meet avionics bay cooling needs. Preliminary tests have shown the heat transfer and pressure drop potential of the concept that supports successful application to a range of military aircraft and, in particular, the T-6A aircraft. Under the proposed Phase I project, the concept will be adapted to the T-6A avionics cooling application of interest; and the performance and cost benefits of the concept will be determined, versus alternative techniques. In support of this assessment effort, a subscale test article will be built and tested. These efforts will show the feasibility of the concept for avionics cooling applications of interest. BENEFIT:By implementing the special NISHEX heat exchanger concept, heat exchanger weight, volume, power and cost would be reduced by approximately 60%, 80%, 67% and 60% respectively, relative to conventional heat exchanger approaches. This will lead to improved reliability and longevity of avionics and associated missions, as a result of better electronics cooling. Furthermore, the concept can also be adapted to large civilian electronics cooling and even room air conditioner markets. These applications would result in cost savings to the public of $120 million per year. |
| Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street Marlborough, MA 01752 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 281-5322
Glenn Deming AF 08-062 Awarded: 1/23/2009 |
| Title: | Aircraft Avionics Temperature Management |
| Abstract: | Aspen Systems proposes to develop a vapor cycle environmental control system (ECS) to manage the heat produced by the digital electronic boxes in the T-6A trainer. The significant enabling technology for this ECS is Aspens miniature compressor (now in production) and significant capability in designing high performance vapor cycle cooling systems for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The proposed technology and elements of the specific solution will be transferable to other aircraft, and other avionics systems currently deployed and planned for deployment with the Air Force. The basic innovation is to use a refrigeration cycle cooling loop to enhance heat transfer from the hot electronics enclosure to the ultimate heat sink in the thermal system. The proposed solution will be modular and easily reconfigurable, highly efficient Environmental Control System (ECS) for avionics systems and in its broader use can be integrated into any aircrafts existing environmental control system. The system will consume a minimum of power, will fit into the existing electronics bay of the T-6A and will integrate seamlessly to the aircraft. During the Phase I program the system will be designed, fabricated and thermally tested. BENEFIT:The proposed program is anticipated to benefit the Air Force through the design, development, testing and in Phase II full flight qualification of a vapor cycle cooling system for the T-6A trainer. This development is anticipated to have multiple transitions to other military systems both within and external to the Air Force. Commercial applications include automotive cooling systems, commercial aviotion, and general aviation. |
| Mainstream Engineering Corporation
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
R. Paul Roth AF 08-062 Awarded: 1/15/2009 |
| Title: | Low Power, Compact Aircraft Thermal Management System |
| Abstract: | Avionics electronics operating in high temperature ambient conditions have significantly decreased reliability and lifetime. The standard rule-of-thumb is to halve the life of an electronic device for every 10 ¢XC (18 ¢XF) increase in temperature. As aircraft electronics becomes increasingly complex and power dense, the greater the temperature in the electronics storage compartments. These high temperatures are resulting in component overheating and mission aborts. After considering all potential cooling techniques and performing preliminary Fluent modeling, Mainstream has determined the ideal system to provide cooling inside the electronics compartment. Mainstream¡¦s Avionics Temperature Management System (ATMS) is about 0.5 ft3 (the size of a large shoebox), can be located on the shelving near the electronics, does not require any modification to the plane, is very reliable, can operate in any orientation, can withstand 7g loading, weighs less than 30 pounds, can provide 225 W of cooling for more than 3 hours, and has a maximum 5 W power draw. Depending on mission objectives, base location, type of plane, and on-board electronics, an additional ATMS may be stowed on- board to provide twice the cooling. There are no batteries or maintenance procedures that must be performed to the ATMS. BENEFIT:The overall goal of the Phase I contract is to design, build, and test a full-scale ATMS prototype. More specifically, at the conclusion of the Phase II contract, an approved, fully-tested, commercial product will be available for sale to the Air Force that will eliminate millions of dollars of electronics maintenance and replacement costs and significantly reduce the number of mission aborts due to electronics overheating or failure prior to takeoff. All of this is achievable in a reliable, simple, modular, and maintenance-free system that will be computationally and experimentally verified during the Phase I contract. |
| Nanohmics, Inc
6201 East Oltorf St. Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 389-9990
Byron Zollars AF 08-063 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral Infrared (IR) Windows |
| Abstract: | Multispectral zinc sulfide (ZnS) because of its good visible and near infrared transmission as well as the 3-5 micron and, more importantly, the 8-12 micron range along with its good thermal shock resistance is one of a number of materials used as infrared windows. The window serves to protect the sensitive infrared sensors during flight. As such, it is critical that the infrared window withstand heating and resist long term erosion from raindrops and dust encountered during flight. Multispectral ZnS windows have good thermal shock resistance but poor erosion resistance so they require a protective coating. The requirements for protective coatings for infrared domes include high rigidity (modulus), good transmission in the near IR, the 3-5 and 8-14 micron range, strong adhesion to the infrared dome material as well as, matched thermal conductivity, antireflection capability, and minimal infrared emission when heated among other things. In this program Nanohmics, proposes to examine a protective coating for ZnS windows which has been patterned using a novel method. BENEFIT:Protective coatings will have many applications both inside and outside the military. The market size can rapidly grow from millions of dollars for specialized coating of infrared windows into the 10s to 100s of millions of dollars for coating of commercial windshields and other optical components. |
| TELAZTEC LLC
15 A Street Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 229-9905
Douglas S. Hobbs AF 08-063 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | Enhanced Durability, Wide-Bandwidth Transmission, ZnSe Windows Incorporating AR Microstructures |
| Abstract: | The infrared transmitting material Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) is used for windows and lenses in many military systems because of its high transmission and low absorption of infrared light. ZnSe has a particularly low absorption level throughout the infrared spectral region where it is used extensively for imaging lenses in multi-spectral and hyper-spectral sensor systems. One long-standing issue with ZnSe is its low environmental durability that necessitates the use of some form of hardening to protect the window or lens from damage due to rain and sand impacts. Typical hardening methods involve the application of thin-film material coatings that must also serve as an anti-reflection (AR) treatment. Such coatings however limit the transmission bandwidth forcing a tradeoff between the level of transmission required and the expected lifetime. As mission profiles become more demanding the further utility of ZnSe will depend upon the continued evolution and development of hardening strategies to improve durability under increasingly adverse environmental conditions. In a recent experimental study, an innovative AR treatment based on surface relief microstructures was shown to have great potential for increasing the survivability of zinc sulfide (ZnS) windows operating in abrasive environments. This Phase I project proposes to investigate the durability of AR microstructures built in ZnSe windows that meet the wide bandwidth, high transmission performance requirements of multiple airborne sensor programs. Several design variants that combine AR microstructure technology with hard oxide coatings will be fabricated in ZnSe coupons and subjected to a set of rain and sand exposure conditions that are typical of aircraft ground and flight operations. Six coupons of the most promising designs will be delivered to the Government for further erosion testing. A statistically meaningful number of coupons will be fabricated with the most durable AR microstructures found during the initial screening work, and further rain and sand erosion testing will be conducted. A further demonstration of AR microstructure fabrication in a small-scale ZnSe lens surface will be made to demonstrate the ability to apply AR microstructures to the curved surfaces needed for imaging lenses. A close collaboration with Raytheon Missile Systems and the prominent ZnSe manufacturer Rohm & Haas, will be maintained throughout the multi-phase program to ensure the rapid transition of the technology into Air Force sensor platforms.BENEFIT:The rain erosion resistance of microstructure- based AR treatments combined with the proven sand erosion resistance of hard oxide coatings will provide a dramatic increase in the transparency and lifetime of ZnSe windows and lenses used in a growing number of Air Force sensor systems. The Joint Strike Fighter and many other Air Force programs that currently use sapphire windows to protect sensor packages such as Enhanced Vision Systems and ladar, would benefit from lower cost ZnSe windows that exhibit wider bandwidth transmission with the enhanced durability provided by AR microstructures. ZnSe windows with enhanced durability could also allow for dual-band functionality transmitting both mid and long wave |
| Engineered Coatings, Inc.
P.O. Box 4702 Parker, CO 80134 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 593-0588
Frank Kustas AF 08-064 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | Nano-Multilayered Dry-Machining Coating for High-Temperature Solid-Lubrication of Aircraft Engine-Control Components |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Air Force seeks a solution to wide-temperature-range lubrication that offers reliable performance and offers long-life durability. High-mach gas turbine engines will require bearings to operate up to 650C at loads up to 12.46 kN. Fluid lubricants are limited under these extreme conditions. Engineered Coatings, Inc. and Southwest Research Institute propose to enhance a nanostructured / nanolayered solid-lubricant coating, which has shown exceptionally low-friction (<0.1), low-wear, and non-reaction tendency from 25 to 1000C under dry-machining trials. As part of our enhancement effort, we propose to add silicon (Si) by introduction of a gas precursor during enhanced-plasma deposition from metal targets in a nitrogen/argon working gas. Silicon additions have also been shown to be beneficial from formation of hydroxide compounds. Screening high- temperature wear tests will be conducted along with surface analysis of wear tracks to establish the compounds responsible for the low-friction behavior as a function of test temperature.BENEFIT: For military applications, the coating technology will be applied to anti-wear and low friction coatings for bearings in high-mach gas turbine engines. Weapon systems with mechanical assemblies that operate under elevated temperatures can also benefit from this coating development. Commercial systems that will benefit from the development of a wide-temperature range solid lubricant for bearings include gas-turbine engines used commercial aircraft, power generators, and metallurgical processes, such as hot profile rolling and hot forming operations. |
| Tribologix Inc.
80 Compark Road Dayton, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 654-7776
Andras Korenyi- AF 08-064 Awarded: 1/8/2009 |
| Title: | High Temperature Solid Lubricants for Bearings |
| Abstract: | The goal of this SBIR program is to further develop the technology of i-KOTE® solid film lubricant coatings via well controlled experiments to explore the high temperature capabilities of doped nanostructured films of i-KOTE® using boron compounds as chameleon additives. The i-KOTE® family of solid film lubricants are a complex combination of synergistic nanomaterials capable of changing the tribological properties of the surfaces on which it is deposited in response to the current operating conditions in order to minimize friction and wear. Our experiments will allow a rapid down-selection of additives to achieve maximum benefit from the chameleon properties. BENEFIT: Reduction of wear in an extremely harsh environment. Prevent premature wear and increase engine performance. |
| UES, Inc.
4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-6900
Amarendra K. Rai AF 08-064 Awarded: 1/8/2009 |
| Title: | High Temperature Solid Lubricants for Bearings |
| Abstract: | High mach gas turbine engines will require bearings to operate at high temperatures (900- 1200ºF). At such temperatures fluid lubricants will not work. UES Inc. proposes to develop robust high temperature solid lubricant coating systems utilizing commercially viable process. The coating systems will be characterized in terms of adhesion, microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological characteristics in relevant temperature regime. Based on their performance ranking, coating systems will be identified for further development in Phase II. BENEFIT: Successful completion of the project will enable the operation of bearings at higher temperatures for military (high mach gas turbine engines) and commercial (hot profile rolling, power generation etc.) applications. |
| Nanohmics, Inc
6201 East Oltorf St. Suite 400 Austin, TX 78741 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 389-9990
Dan Mitchell AF 08-065 Awarded: 12/23/2008 |
| Title: | Light Emitting Diode Technology Deployment Involving an Aerospace Light Application Manufacture |
| Abstract: | Nanohmics, Inc will develop a drop-in LED replacement for the M6363/3-2 reflector SC bayonet mount bulb used in these wingtip lighting assemblies. The Nanohmics LED replacement will have the same physical dimensions as well as comparable light output and angular intensity while using less electrical power. BENEFIT: The short life of incandescent bulbs is a major maintenance issue and cost in civil, commercial, and military aviation. Therefore, a light emitting diode replacement bulb for these applications will translate into large cost savings for both labor and material. |
| PICO Technologies
821 Lake Port Boulevard Suite G 512 Leesburg, FL 34648 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 360-0696
Hank Johannson AF 08-065 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | Light Emitting Diodes for Aviation Lighting |
| Abstract: | This proposes research and development of solid-state light emitting diodes (LEDs) for combat aircraft light sources such as navigation and high-visibility running lights. The proposed project is to investigate how best to employ LEDs as light sources that would economically replace current technology light sources employed, for example, as wing tip navigation and position lights. More generally, it is desired to seamlessly replace all aircraft lights with long-lasting and more cost effective LEDs, so as to effectively reduce maintenance costs of replacing burned-out light bulbs and reducing energy employed to operate present-day light sources. The application of the technology to military aircraft is intended to be practical, and comply with existing incandescent bulb form, fit, function, and integration requirements. Integrated deployment viability is to be demonstrated to assure approach technical merit and risk assessment. This project provides an opportunity to update existing aircraft technology and apply newer and more current technology that satisfies such things as lighting brightness as a function of viewing angle in strobe modes of operation. More specifically, the overall, long term goal is to develop a drop-in replacement for aircraft lamp M6363/2-2 (28 volt DC, 26 watt lamp) configurations, as well as many other lighting opportunities.BENEFIT:The anticipated military benefits of the proposed research and development of LEDs and their application to military aircraft are significantly lower costs of maintenance (frequent periodic incandescent bulb replacement is now required) and significantly lower costs of operation (less power and wasteful heat) for many such things as navigation and position lights. Strobe lights impose a significant ongoing operational strain on current lighting components that sharply limits their life and effectiveness. The expected benefits in maintenance and operating costs apply to all non-military commercial aircraft as well. Strobe lights are also widely used in law enforcement and other emergency vehicles. Strobe lighting has also been used to see the movements of the vocal cords in slow motion during speech, an important medical application. A strobe light flashing at the proper period can appear to freeze cyclical motion. Calibrated strobe lights, capable of flashing up to hundreds of times per second, are used in industry to stop the motion of rotating and other repetitively-operating machinery so as to measure their rotation speeds or cycle times. The practical use of LEDs in place of other modes of lighting is currently limited largely by institutionalized production facilities that are barriers to change. |
| Techshot, Inc.
7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(812) 923-9591
Nathan Thomas AF 08-065 Awarded: 1/8/2009 |
| Title: | Light Emitting Diode Technology Deployment Involving an Aerospace Light Application Manufacture |
| Abstract: | The Techshot LED Navigational Light Bulb (LED NAV LB) is the "next generation" light bulb incorporating state-of-the-art, robust solid state circuitry. A properly sized LED light grid will guarantee a long, maintenance free life at least 10 times longer than the current incandescent lamp. The Techshot LED system takes advantage of the currently approved for use bayonet lamp base as used on the M6363/3-2 incandescent light bulb. Dissipation of diode junction heat will be through a unique thermal management system while providing excellent light output across a wide thermal operating range. The Techshot LED NAV LB will be a cost effective replacement light bulb savings thousands of dollars annually across the DOD.BENEFIT: The anticipated benefits of the Techshot next generation LED Navigational Light Bulb (LED NAV LB) are significant. Techshot''''''''s solution consists of a new navigational light tailored to be a drop-in replacement bulb for the old incandescent bulb requiring no fixture modification or retrofit required. The Techshot LED NAV LB will enjoy a ten-fold increase in average life per unit saving the USAF thousands of dollars in maintenance cost and aircraft downtime. The Techshot LED NAV LB will produce a light output to specification while producing a better quality light having uniform clarity and surety of color. The LED NAV LB system is designed to survive a high temperature, high vibration environment with an estimated life expectancy of 50,000 hours or more. |
| Agiltron Corporation
15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-1200
Anton Greenwald AF 08-066 Awarded: 1/7/2009 |
| Title: | High Performance Carbon Nanotube Heat Sink |
| Abstract: | Carbon nanotubes possess superior thermal conductivity along their axial direction, which is greater than that of diamond. Their nanoscale geometry offers incredibly high surface area for heat exchange with air and their one-dimensional nanostructures provide the possibility of forming extremely intimate contact between nanotube tips and die surface. Thus, carbon nanotube heat sinks have the potential to provide unprecedented thermal performance with low weight, which would satisfy the Air Force requirement to reduce the weight of solid-state radio frequency power amplifiers. In this program, Agiltron, teamed with Rice University, proposes to integrate a state-of-the-art patterned carbon nanotube growth, a nano-engineered die-CNT interface, and novel heat sink design to realize a light-weight carbon nanotube heat sink with unprecedented performance. The feasibility of the proposed integrated approach will be demonstrated in Phase I. In phase II the heat sink would be optimized and tested with a full sized high power transistor. BENEFIT: The proposed carbon nanotube based heat sinks are expected to have unprecedented thermal performance with light weight, which will meet the needs of many DoD missions. The immediate application is to significantly reduce the weight of the Eglin radar (AN/FPS-85) transmit amplifiers for one-man lift. Other applications will be found in higher-frequency military and commercial ground based, airborne and space borne subsystems. A wide range of commercial applications will be found for cooling electronic devices ( e.g., CPUs and GPUs in desktops and laptops, LED light sources), lasers and capacitors in order to improve/keep their performance or extend their lifetime. |
| KaZaK Composites Incorporated
10F GIll Street Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 932-5667
Woody Holley AF 08-066 Awarded: 1/16/2009 |
| Title: | Use of Carbon Nanofibers to Improve Thermal Pathways and Reduce Weight in Radar Transmitters |
| Abstract: | The high thermal stress created by advanced electronic systems limits their performance potential. More efficient methods of heat removal are required to cope with this problem. Recent developments in carbon nano technology offer promise of providing possible solutions. A primary bottleneck in the thermal pathway is the attachment layer between components. The attachment layer between the electronic components is the weak link in the thermal chain. The current technology utilizes adherent organic polymers filled with thermally conductive particulates such as carbon or aluminum. Unfortunately organic polymers have inherently poor thermal conductivity and are impossible to apply without gas bubble entrapment, which further increases the heat resistance of the attachment layer. The best performing attachment materials currently available have heat conductivities under 10 W/m-K. A three fold improvement would dramatically enhance overall heat removal and hence chip performance. Substitution of carbon nano tubes for the filler is not likely to greatly improve performance. The use of carbon nanofiber to construct a micro in situ heat pipe as a means of achieving direct heat conduction away from the semiconductor packages and between other heat management devices is proposed. Success with this approach will produce opportunities to enhance performance and reduce weight.BENEFIT:Sophistication of electronic products used by both military and commercial markets continues to increase. However, maintaining the current rapid rate of performance improvement and associated size/weight reduction faces several significant engineering challenges. One major issue with continued advancement of electronics performance is heat removal from the individual electronic chips on a circuit board. KaZaK proposes the development and demonstration of a novel method for introducing a revolutionary increase in the conductivity in the interface between the bottom of an electronic chip and its underlying heat spreader. The thermal barrier associated with current attachments is one of the major impediments restricting removal of heat from increasingly densely packed electronics. If the proposed micro heat pipe approach suggested by KaZaK proves successful, our system should be rapidly and widely accepted by manufacturers of high performance electronics systems. We would expect that the first implementations will be by military primes, but once some period of positive test results in developed, applications should expand quickly to all electronics manufacturers. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Scott Morrison AF 08-066 Awarded: 1/7/2009 |
| Title: | Improved CNT-Based Thermal Materials for High-Power Solid-State Devices(1001-321) |
| Abstract: | Triton addresses the Air Force need to develop high performance heat sink materials for high-power, solid state electronics. Triton Systems and its team members will create a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) using aligned carbon nanotube arrays combined with unique surface processing. Due to Triton’s use of inexpensive processing techniques, this technology is readily scaleable to industrial scale manufacturing.BENEFIT: High- performance electronics are limited in performance by present thermal management technologies. The Triton TIM can be applied to a wide variety of commercial electronics applications, including computing and telecommunications. |
| QuesTek Innovations LLC
1820 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 328-5800
Abhijeet Misra AF 08-067 Awarded: 2/5/2009 |
| Title: | Computational Design of High-Strength Thermally-Stable Aluminum Alloy for Aircraft Wheel and Brake Applications |
| Abstract: | Aircraft wheels and brakes are subject to high energy braking events and harsh operating conditions. Constant improvements are being sought in key material properties for this demanding application in order to enable component weight reductions and reduce life-cycle costs. Under this proposed SBIR program, QuesTek Innovations LLC, a leader in the field of computational materials design, will develop a new high-strength thermally- stable 2xxx aluminum alloy with improved performance over incumbent 2014 and 2040 alloys, at lower or equivalent cost. The alloy will utilize a microstructural concept combining thermally-stable phases with traditional strengthening phases optimized for coarsening resistance and stability. The computational alloy design and development will implement a stage-gate process using QuesTeks state-of-the-art computational design tools for aluminum alloys, including custom thermodynamic and kinetic databases, well- calibrated microstructural evolution models utilizing PrecipiCalc software, physics-based strength models (validated with experiments), solidification process simulations, and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) models. In the program QuesTek will partner with OEMs providing the role of voice of the customer to define the material requirement matrix, the processing requirements, and ultimately lead the alloy implementation. Concept feasibility will be demonstrated on prototype alloys fabricated in the Phase I program.BENEFIT: The inability of aluminum wheel alloys 2014 and 2040 to sustain mechanical strength after prolonged exposure to high temperatures during service is a critical issue. An alloy with better mechanical performance and strength retention results in component weight reduction, and improved durability. The anticipated outcome of the SBIR program is a new 2xxx-type aluminum alloy for aircraft wheel and brake applications, with improved ambient strength and high-temperature strength retention over incumbent 2014 and 2040 alloys. In addition the alloy will have improved fatigue resistance that will enable reduced life-cycle costs. These project goals will include maintaining low alloy cost, achieved through a reduction in processing cost, and by licensing the alloy to multiple suppliers. In addition to military aerospace applications, the commercial aviation sector, as well as the automotive sector will greatly benefit from a high-strength, thermally-stable aluminum alloy. |
| UES, Inc.
4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-6900
Oleg Senkov AF 08-067 Awarded: 3/6/2009 |
| Title: | Advanced Aluminum Alloy for Aircraft Wheel and Brake Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed SBIR Phase I program is to identify and develop an advanced high strength aluminum alloy for applications in aircraft wheel and brake systems. These applications require material with enhanced property combinations, such as high specific strength, high fracture toughness, high corrosion resistance, high strength retention after cyclic heating during braking events to a temperature as high as 350ºF, high thermal conductivity, and high heat capacity. The major goal is to replace the currently used 2014-T6 Al alloy with a higher strength, better corrosion resistance aluminum alloy and by this way to achieve minimum 5-10% weight savings and/or substantially reduce total life cycle costs of these aircraft components. To achieve this goal, we will explore refinements in the composition of an ultrahigh strength Al alloy (UES patented) to develop a higher temperature equivalent alloy. For this 3 to 4 candidate alloy chemistries will be identified and a laboratory-scale batch of material (about 100 lb of each alloy) will be produced by direct chill casting and hot extrusion. The improved room temperature and elevated temperature strengths of these alloys will be achieved through precipitation strengthening and dispersoid strengthening. Improved toughness and fatigue resistance will be attained through impurity control, improved microstructural integrity of the cast-and-wrought material and grain refinement by microalloying and special thermomechanical processing. Tensile properties of selected alloys will be determined before and after elevated temperature exposure and corrosion resistance of these alloys will be determined via coupon-level tests. During Phase II, the alloy chemistry of a best performing alloy from Phase I and its processing methods/conditions will be further refined for improved combination of design required properties. Feasibility to scale-up the alloy / processing methods to a component size will be shown by producing a full-scale preform and demonstrating goal properties in critical regions of this full-scale preform. The development of the advanced aluminum alloy with superior ambient and elevated temperature properties can help designers to improve the aircraft wheel and brake performance by decreasing weight and reducing complexity and total life cycle cost. This alloy will also find widespread use in commercial aerospace and transportation industries. BENEFIT:Development of a high-strength, heat resistant Al-based alloy with improved strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance, as well as improved strength stability against the elevated temperature exposure, will offer designers a real potential to improve the wheel and brake performance by decreasing the weight, increasing performance, and significantly reducing complexity and cost. Current wheel assemblies consist of two halves which are made from two different alloys. The new material will also find widespread use in other applications, including the commercial aerospace and transportation sectors. Because higher specific strengths translate directly into reduced component mass, a high-strength Al-based alloy will be attractive in any application where component mass and/or volume are constrained, e.g. orbital applications including, |
| Sciaky Inc
4915 W. 67th Street Chicago, IL 60638 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(708) 594-3800
Scott Stecker AF 08-069 Awarded: 2/9/2009 |
| Title: | Closed-Loop Process Control for Electron Beam Direct Manufacturing |
| Abstract: | The electron beam free form fabrication process (EBFFF) holds great promise for industry as a disruptive technology based on additive manufacturing of near net shape, high value engineered materials. The development efforts are structured to review and compare multiple process feedback systems for identifying molten pool characteristics and perform a series of open loop process parameter tests to identify critical process control variables. The use of backscattered electrons and secondary emissions which are a byproduct of the EBFFF process will be investigated for suitability as a way to detect and measure critical features of the molten pool and compare with traditional optical based techniques commonly used in non-vacuum applications. A summary report including a detailed outline for the manufacture and implementation of a closed loop process control system, based on controlling critical EBFFF process variables as a result from input variables derived from the molten pool will be presented.BENEFIT:Implementation of a closed loop process control system is anticipated to speed up industry and regulatory approval of the EBFFF process. Additionally it is expected that a closed loop control system will allow for increased repeatiblity and consistency in resulting material properties as well as improving the processes ability to provide even better near net shape performance. |
| Technology Management Company, Inc.
2500 Louisiana NE, Suite 300 Albuquerque, NM 87110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 660-3052
Mark J. Cola AF 08-069 Awarded: 1/9/2009 |
| Title: | Closed-Loop Process Control for Electron Beam Direct Manufacturing |
| Abstract: | This project proposes the use of non-imaging optical measurement to discern the weld pool oscillations occurring during electron beam deposition, and thereby to infer the weld pool size. By knowing this weld pool size, it is possible to control the e-beam deposition process by suitably regulating heat input, wire feed rate, etc to ensure a consistent depth of penetration. This approach has the advantage of being simple, based on only one sensor, and capable of rapid real-time response. Phase I will investigate the ability of the proposed sensing approach to see weld pool oscillations during e-beam deposition and to distinguish between the signatures of nominal and off-nominal conditions. Phase II will then develop a control scheme based on these in-process measurements. The project team has considerable experience monitoring and controlling arc welding processes using similar approaches and will work with both end udders as well as e-beam machine experts to successfully implement the approach proposed herein. BENEFIT: successful execution of this work will result in a commercially viable system for monitoring and control of electron beam depositon processes, which will benefot a wide range of commercial and defense aerospace applicatoins initially, as well as other discrete parts manufacture. |
| CompuTherm LLC
437 S. Yellowstone Dr Suite 217 Madison, WI 53719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(608) 274-1414
Fan Zhang AF 08-070 Awarded: 1/7/2009 |
| Title: | A Modeling Tool for Predicting the Durability of Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBC) for Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) |
| Abstract: | CompuTherm, LLC proposes a pilot project to develop a modeling tool that can be used to assess the durability of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) under combustion environment. The modeling tool includes a thermodynamic database for the gas phase, a thermodynamic database for the silicate system (EBCs), and a computer software package that deals with thermodynamic equilibrium, gas-solid reaction, and volatile kinetics of silica. In particular, this tool would predict, given an EBC system and an environmental combustion condition, the partial pressure of each gaseous species in the system, the activity of silica in the EBC, the flux of volatile silicon species, such as SiO(g), and Si(OH)4(g), and the recession and glass formation of the EBC. This modeling tool would provide valuable guidance to the US Air Force and private sectors in the development of advanced EBCs for CMCs. CompuTherm, LLC has significant capabilities for developing modeling tools from its past experience with software and thermodynamic database development. In Phase I, we will examine the feasibility of developing such a tool using a simplified system, whilst a powerful tool, which can be applied to practical complicated systems, will be developed in Phase II. BENEFIT: A major breakthrough in gas turbine engine performance requires a new generation of hot-section structural materials having a temperature capability considerably higher than the current metallic hot-section structural materials. Si-based ceramics, such as ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), exhibit superior high-temperature strength and durability, which indicates their potential to revolutionize gas turbine engine technology. However, their usage as turbine engine hot-section components is limited due to their lack of environmental durability in the high velocity combustion environment. Development of advanced EBCs for CMCs is therefore an essential, yet challenging task for materials scientists/engineers due to the complexity of the system. Traditional trial-and-error approach is costly and time-consuming. Computational approach, on the other hand, becomes more and more important in materials development/enhancement and durability assessment. Successful completion of the proposed work will provide DoD, other federal agencies, aerospace, and related industries with a valuable tool to accelerate the development of advanced environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to be used in high temperature combustion environment. In addition, research centers such as government laboratories and universities will find this tool useful for basic materials research. This will result in significant cost saving for the US government and aerospace industry in the development of next generation hot-section structural materials. |
| Infoscitex Corporation
303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 890-1338
Robert Woodman AF 08-070 Awarded: 1/9/2009 |
| Title: | Prediction of Glass Formation in High-Temperature Environmental Barrier Coating Systems |
| Abstract: | Further improvement in gas-turbine engine performance requires development of hot- section structural materials capable of functioning at unprecedentedly high temperatures. SiC fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) have high melting points, but are thermodynamically unstable in combustion environments. Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) have been developed to protect the substrate from the combustion gases. It is unknown whether current EBCs are capable of protecting CMCs over their intended design life of approximately 2000 h. Physical models that make it possible to predict the effects of the service environment on the materials would enable design decisions without resorting to full-scale testing. In the proposed Phase I SBIR program, Infoscitex will develop a thermodynamic model for a simplified system that will lay the foundation for modelling full-scale parts in realistic combustion environments. Infoscitex will develop a database of thermodynamic data. A range of temperatures and coating systems will be investigated during the Phase I program. This model will be tailored to facilitate incorporation of additional EBC components in later phases. BENEFIT: The proposed modelling technology will allow optimization of high-temperature engine parts while minimizing costly experimentation. This technology will be applicable across the aerospace propulsion industry. The successful model will enable next-generation performance turbine engines. The model may also have applications beyond the aerospace propulsion industry, such as in glass manufacturing. |
| IBC Materials & Technologies
902 Hendricks Drive Lebanon, IN 46052 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(765) 482-9802
Solomon Berman AF 08-072 Awarded: 1/20/2009 |
| Title: | Fretting Wear Elimination for Titanium Components |
| Abstract: | The development of the F-35 Lift Fan has revealed the possibility of fretting between the fan input shaft bearing OD surface and the titanium bearing supports in the Lift Fan gearbox housing. A steel insert is currently used to provide protection against fretting of the gearbox housing. In order to provide an effective solution and reduce the overall weight of the F-35, IBC Materials and Technologies has developed an advanced tribological coating that will dramatically reduce fretting, wear and corrosion of the Lift Fan gearbox housing, allowing elimination of the steel insert. The proposed solution is based on the Micro Plasma Oxidation (MPO) process that has been developed by IBC Materials and Technologies. The MPO-based Titanium Oxide ceramic coatings will provide superior performance, extended life and lower manufacturing costs compared with alternate methods, providing an opportunity for fuel savings and life cycle cost reduction for the F-35 weapon system.BENEFIT:The MPO-based Titanium Oxide ceramic coatings will allow elimination of the steel inserts currently used to protection against fretting of the titanium bearing supports in the gearbox housing. This will not only reduce manufacturing part count and costs, it will reduce the overall weight of the F-35 Lift Fan system for the Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) variant. This will lead to reduced fuel and sustainment costs for the F-35 weapon system. |
| Plasma Technology Inc.
1754 Crenshaw blvd. Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3373
Satish Dixit AF 08-072 Awarded: 1/20/2009 |
| Title: | Fretting Wear Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Titanium Alloy Components |
| Abstract: | Bearing housings and flanges in propulsion systems experience excessive fretting wear on the titanium alloy surface due to adverse vibrations, loads, and temperature cycling. Traditionally, fretting wear problems are solved using steel inserts or bushings that are press-fit into the titanium alloy casing and interface with the bearings. In order to reduce the weight and avoid unnecessary steel-titanium couplings, it is proposed to replace the inserts with surface coating technologies that will provide fretting resistance and will not affect the bulk mechanical characteristics of the components. Thus, in this Phase I SBIR program, PTI will demonstrate the feasibility of a fretting wear resistant thermal spray transition coating followed by subsequent surface finishing to eliminate fretting wear at the surface of titanium alloys for the application to components and flanges of the LiftFan system. BENEFIT:Successful development of the fretting wear resistant coating system will benefit the aerospace industry by extending the life of many components currently affected by fretting wear. Subsequent to implementation onto components of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, PTI will market the technology to the multi-billion dollar turbine engine industry as well as other industries requiring fretting wear resistance technology. |
| Performance Polymer Solutions Inc.
91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 298-3713
Jason E. Lincoln AF 08-073 Awarded: 1/7/2009 |
| Title: | Quality Testing of Coated Fibers |
| Abstract: | This Phase I Small Business Innovative Research Program will develop, demonstrate, and validate a destructive test methodology that can be used to assess the quality of coated ceramic fibers employed in the manufacture of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). CMCs represent a high performance materials technology critical to the performance of future Air Force and other Department of Defense weapons systems, as well as commercial aerospace, nuclear power, and advanced turbines. In continuous fiber reinforced CMCs, properly engineered fiber coatings, which often consist of multiple layers, and coating quality, are critical to controlling the mechanical properties and oxidative stability of these high temperature composite materials. BENEFIT: A quick, straightforward testing system and method that will provide coating quality for coated ceramic fibers will have a direct and immediate impact on the F-35 program and other systems where ceramic matrix composites are being considered for implementation. Industry has already expressed a need for this technology, so this solicitation is important and timely. We intend to develop a testing system, associated software package, and sample preparations stages under the Phase I and Phase II programs that we can market to CMC fabricators and prime defense contractors who fabricate and use ceramic matrix composites. Testing and analysis facilities as well as nationwide universities are also potential customers of the ceramic composite fiber coating analysis system. An ASTM Standard will be proposed to analyze single and multi-layer fiber coatings using the techniques developed under this effort. |
| Synterials, Inc
318 Victory Drive Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-9310
Alan Grieve AF 08-073 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | Development of Scratch Test Techniques for Quality Control Testing of Coated Ceramic Fibers |
| Abstract: | In order to make ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) into a useful class of materials for fabricating aerospace structures, there are several key issues that need to be resolved. One of these issues concerns the interaction between the interface coating and the fiber. The interface coating is key in controlling the crack deflection properties of the end composites. Current techniques used to analyze coatings provide no information regarding the strength of adhesion between the interface coating and the fiber. As such, they have not proved useful in assessing whether the coated materials will yield good composites. At present, the only way to determine this is to actually make a composite and test it. The goal of this program is to develop a Nanoscratch method with the intent of providing quantitative adhesion data for the interface coating. This data can be used to predict the adhesion strength of composites produced from the coated fiber and will be a valuable quality control tool, significantly improving the manufacturability of CMCs. There are a number of issues associated with performing such measurements on coated fibers. This proposal identifies some of those shortcomings and addresses how they will be overcome. BENEFIT: Affordable, lightweight high-strength ceramic matrix composite materials could find use in a whole myriad of high-temperature applications, both military and commercial. Current something of a niche market, it is one whose growth is currently hindered by issues regarding manufacturability. The demand for these advanced materials will only continue to grow as the cost is reduced. |
| Synterials, Inc
318 Victory Drive Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-9310
Richard Engdahl AF 08-073 Awarded: 1/9/2009 |
| Title: | Development of Tensile Testing Methods for Quality Control Testing of Coated Ceramic Fibers |
| Abstract: | In order to make ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) into a useful class of materials for fabricating aerospace structures, there are several key issues that need to be resolved. One of these issues concerns the interaction between the interface coating and the fiber. The interface coating is key in controlling the crack deflection properties of the end composites. Current techniques used to analyze coatings provide have not proved useful in assessing whether the coated materials will yield good composites. At present, the only way to determine this is to actually make a composite and test it. The goal of this program is to develop a tensile testing method to quantitatively assess the interfacial shear strength between the fiber and the coating. This data should be useful in assessing whether a batch of coated material will yield a good composite material and will be a valuable quality control tool, significantly improving the manufacturability of CMCs. There are a number of issues associated with performing such measurements on coated fibers. This proposal identifies some of those shortcomings and addresses how they will be overcome. BENEFIT: Affordable, lightweight high-strength ceramic matrix composite materials could find use in a whole myriad of high-temperature applications, both military and commercial. The aerospace sector in particular would be well served in a number of applications by CMCs. Currently something of a niche market due to high cost, it is one whose growth is currently hindered by issues related to their manufacturability. The demand for these advanced materials will continue to grow as the cost is reduced. |
| Materials Sciences Corporation
181 Gibraltar Road Horsham, PA 19044 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-8400
Anthony A. Caiazzo AF 08-074 Awarded: 12/10/2008 |
| Title: | ADVANCED DESIGN AND LIFE PREDICTION METHODOLGY FOR POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITE COMPONENTS (MSC P8045) |
| Abstract: | Advanced polymer matrix composite materials offer the potential to reduce the weight of 21st century aircraft. However, a general methodology to assess the initial and lifetime response of complex material architectures with growing damage has not been demonstrated. The goal of this research plan proposed by Materials Sciences Corporation is to develop engineering analysis software that can predict the structural integrity of composite structures during a general thermo-mechanical load event. The theoretical basis for this research is a physically-based homogenization theory which combines micromechanics and thermodynamics to determine the overall response functions of multi- phase materials of arbitrary complexity. A thermodynamically-based constitutive relation is formulated using two scalar functions: a thermodynamic potential which specifies the state of the material point; and a dissipation potential which governs the evolution. The approach for deriving the constitutive and evolution equations is computationally efficient and can be easily integrated with commercial finite element codes such as ABAQUS. Tests, which include time and temperature dependence and load-unload cycles, will be conducted on carbon fiber polymide materials manufactured by Renegade Materials Corporation to provide initial model validation data.BENEFIT: Results of the proposed research will include: 1) demonstration of a physically-based modeling approach for deriving the constitutive equations for inelastic composite materials with evolving damage; and, 2) software necessary to implement the material models in commercial structural analysis packages. |
| Multiscale Design Systems, LLC
7 Burton Ln Loudonville, NY 12211 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 496-0173
Zheng Yuan AF 08-074 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | ADVANCED DESIGN AND LIFE PREDICTION METHODOLGY FOR POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITE COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this SBIR is to enhance the multiscale design system (MDS-C product line) with various PMC degradation models and to validate it against selected demonstration problems. MDS-C has been successfully used by our customers, including Rolls-Royce Aerospace (CMC airfoil in JSF), GM, Ford and Chrysler (polymer composites), General Electric (polymer composites), Simulia (ABAQUS), Navy (sandwich structures), and AFRL (concrete).We will utilize both phemenological models of polymer degradation developed by Prof. Ruggles-Wrenn where possible and will simultaneously pursue a mechanistic based approach of Prof. Rajagopal whenever necessary – thereby helping to make the “learning curve” less steep and minimizing the barriers to use. In addition to the formulation and implementation of the degradation mechanisms, Phase I will include additional three tasks: (i) calibration of the MDS-C against test data (in Phase I we will fully rely on the existing experiments conducted by Prof. Ruggles-Wrenn), (ii) development of the initial intuitive, workable, user-friendly GUI, (iii) initial Phase I demonstrations comparing the MDS-C predictions with the experimental data of inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 neat resin subjected to prior aging at 288 °C for 2000 h. Profs. Ruggles-Wrenn and Rajagopal will serve as consultants.BENEFIT: Candidate PMCs that could retain their mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, such as PMR-15, could be utilized in turbine engines, exhaust wash structures and high-speed aircraft skins, where structural components are exposed to harsh service conditions, but their insertion is hindered by their lack of predictability. This lack of predictability has often resulted in overdesign and thus limited their use since the overdesigned component may not yield any design advantages. To address the predictability challenge, an experimentally validated multiscale design system that accounts for phenomena at multiple scales to predict the behavior of PMC components will be developed. Such a design system would be indispensable in systematic exploration of alternative designs at the material and structural scales and it would advance the state-of-the-art in the field far beyond what an equivalent investment in its comprising building blocks, such as materials, mechanics, testing and computations. |
| Performance Polymer Solutions Inc.
91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 298-3713
David B. Curliss AF 08-074 Awarded: 1/7/2009 |
| Title: | ADVANCED DESIGN AND LIFE PREDICTION METHODOLGY FOR POLYMERIC MATRIX COMPOSITE COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR program will directly address the critical need for a high fidelity physics- based methodology for design and service life prediction of polymer matrix composite structures in regimes (stress, strain, and environment) that lead to highly nonlinear behavior. Composite materials for elevated temperature service in particular are subject to chemical aging, physical aging, and moisture absorption, all of which degrade their performance and are highly coupled in their effect on the composite’s mechanical response. This is the motivation for a modeling and analysis approach that can correctly and comprehensively represent these coupled effects. Testing for actual environmental and mechanical stresses over actual airframe and propulsion lifetimes is impractical in the best of cases and impossible in most cases. Lifetimes for commercial and military aircraft are on the order of 50 years and tens of thousands of flight hours in a wide variety of climates and mechanical loading environments. Thus, there is tremendous motivation to model the effects of composite material degradation in service to optimize composite structures and for reliable life prediction. This SBIR will develop and validate a design and service life prediction methodology for polyimide matrix composite structures in aggressive service environments.BENEFIT: The design tools will be developed for composite materials design applications where customers are motivated by a need for reduced design cycle time, certification through design tools, and material qualification tools. There is a critical need to dramatically reduce the cost and time associated with composite materials design, certification, and materials qualifications through “tools not testing” for domestic manufacturers to remain globally competitive. We have partnered with a commercial and defense aerospace prime contractor to validate our nonlinear viscoelastic thermodynamically based constitutive model through their structural design and analysis tools. This validation will provide tremendous confidence in our approach at the structure level. The approach has the potential to revolutionize design and life prediction for composite materials. The state-of-the-art relies heavily on extensive mechanical property characterize, which is both expensive and time-consuming. Our approach, validated by an aerospace prime contractor, will be available as a material module add-on to standard FEA solvers, it will not be imbedded within any proprietary code or design software tools. This approach ensures the widest commercial distribution of the technology through the transportation, manufacturing, and industrial markets. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 552-5128
Shi-Hau Own AF 08-075 Awarded: 3/19/2009 |
| Title: | Anti-coking additive for ester-based aerospace gas turbine engine oils |
| Abstract: | Luna Innovations proposes a novel anti-coking additive system for ester-based gas turbine engine oil. The additive package is synthesized and formulated to achieve the objective of a 50% reduction in both liquid and gas phase coking compared to the current MIL-PRF-23699 oils as measured by standard coking test. The additives will increase the high temperature stability of the turbine oil. The hydrolytic stability of the formulated turbine oil is also improved. FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, GPC, DSC, TGA and coking tests are used to evaluate the efficacy of this anti-coking additive system.BENEFIT:This proposed research is part of an overall advanced fuel and energy system development program at Luna. This anti-coking additive system will support the future military engines which must operate at higher temperature in oxidative environments. It can also resolve the coking issues in commercial aircraft engines and stationary turbine power generation. |
| METSS Corporation
300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 797-2200
Richard S. Sapienza AF 08-075 Awarded: 3/17/2009 |
| Title: | Anti-coking additive for ester-based aerospace gas turbine engine oils |
| Abstract: | Current and future aerospace gas turbine engine oils must be capable of operating at the elevated temperatures experienced in aircraft turbine engines. One of the more important properties for these oils is their resistance to forming liquid phase and gas phase solid decomposition products and deposits, typically referred to as coke because it is black and carbonaceous. These deposits can build up on the hot engine components and lead to significant engine operational failure. In this SBIR program, the US Air Force is seeking to develop and demonstrate anti-coking additives for use in these fluids. These additives must be compatible with existing GTO fluids and cannot adversely affect the other critical properties of the engine lubricant. METSS proposes to develop a new class of lubricant additives designed to address the coking issue of existing GTO fluids, using a proven approach to cost-effective materials development. METSS will draw on existing materials, working directly with industry participants to select the best materials for product formulation. This effort will include testing and evaluation of the new fluids, as well as optimizing these fluids to meet and exceed the performance requirements of the currently used fluids as called for in MIL-PRF-7808 and MIL-PRF-23699.BENEFIT:The new anti- coking additives will benefit both military as well as commercial applications, as coking is a significant problem with commercial aircraft engines as well as stationary turbine power generation. Engine advancements in these applications usually follow military advancements by about 5 years, so anti-coking additives should find widespread use for these applications. |
| Boston Applied Technologies, Inc.
6F Gill Street Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-2800
Kewen Kevin Li AF 08-076 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | New Ceramic Laser Hosts for High Power Lasers |
| Abstract: | Polycrystalline ceramics as laser gain hosts have several remarkable advantages over single crystal ones. They can host a higher doping concentration, are much easier to be fabricated into larger and more complex shapes, which are extremely difficult in the single crystal case. The costs of the ceramic laser materials could be much lower than those of single crystals because of the shortened fabrication process and large size, mass production. Boston Applied Technologies Incorporated (BATi) proposes to develop highly desired high-power ceramic laser hosts via a co-precipitation nano-powder preparation and a fast sintering route for highly efficient formation of transparent ceramic laser hosts. Our extensive experience in nano-phosphors, transparent ceramics, and combinatorial materials composition search will leverage a successful program for realizing the development of next-generation transparent ceramic laser host.BENEFIT:Highly efficient laser host formation method developed from this project would be enabling high power and low cost laser systems, which have tremendous strategic and commercial values for both military and civilian applications. These include remote-sensing applications, target recognition and detection, missile guidance illumination, measurements from airborne and space borne platforms, multiple wavelengths next-generation measurement systems, and industrial laser machining. The ceramic high power laser technology in this program, once developed, will not only serve DOD�s missions, but also be in the nation�s best interest. |
| Nanocerox, Inc.
712 State Circle Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 741-9522
Todd Stefanik AF 08-076 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | New Ceramic Laser Hosts for High Power Lasers |
| Abstract: | This program seeks to develop ytterbium doped rare earth sesquioxides including yttria, scandia, lutetia, and gadolinia-based oxides as laser gain media for use in high power thin disk lasers. The increased thermal conductivity, increased absorption cross section at pump wavelengths, small quantum defect in Yb lasing systems, and high performance demonstrated in such media are attractive. Processing via liquid precursor flame spray pyrolysis will be used to produce highly sinterable nanopowders for subsequent consolidation, sintering, and HIPping to form transparent materials for optical transmission, thermal conductivity, and lasing test measurements.BENEFIT:The materials developed in this program will have direct application to high power laser systems utilizing thin disk architectures. The high power output and high beam quality of such lasers has already been demonstrated by companies including Boeing and Trumpf. The new materials will allow lower heat losses, more efficient heat removal, and more efficient pump power absorption than that currently possible using YAG based gain media. In addition to high power laser defense systems, lasers based on these materials will find application in industrial cutting and welding applications as well. |
| nGimat Co.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Atlanta, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-2400
Zhihao Bao AF 08-076 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | New Ceramic Laser Hosts for High Power Lasers |
| Abstract: | Given its specific thermal-mechanic feature, the sesquioxide Lu2O3 is a particularly promising laser host material. nGimat Co. proposes to utilize a novel vacuum sintering and nanocrystallite technology without pressing process (VSN) to fabricate high performance Yb:Lu2O3 thin ceramic disks for high power lasers. The entire process includes a chemical vapor combustion condensation (CCVC) process for the production of Yb:Lu2O3 nanopowder, special processing for the formation of green bodies, and vacuum sintering process for densification of the green bodies into the highly transparent ceramic disks. Compared to traditional fabrication process, VSN process involves less contamination, needs less time to form nanopowders into the thin ceramic disk and develops more homogeneous microstructure in the disks. Thus, high performance transparent thin ceramic disk can be produced efficiently. Once the desired performance has been achieved (Phase I), the inherent sustainability (scalability, low-cost) of the VSN process will be demonstrated through the production of low cost, high performance larger ceramic disk for military laser systems.BENEFIT:In addition to the significant military market opportunities, the demand for high power lasers continues to increase for civilian applications. Specifically, high power laser are utilized for micromachining in the semiconductor industry; for drilling, welding tools in steel, heavy machinery and automobile industries; as a light source in nuclear fusion. These applications and markets are growing rapidly. It is estimated that solid-state laser market will increase to ~$1,500 million in 2008. The demand of the ceramic laser hosts, a key component of the solid laser systems, also is increasing. A successful DoD project will enable the U.S. to maintain leadership in the global competition on laser technology and generate a significant market opportunity for nGimat. |
| QuesTek Innovations LLC
1820 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 425-8221
Herng-Jeng Jou AF 08-077 Awarded: 2/11/2009 |
| Title: | 3D Tomography-Assisted Mechanistic Fatigue Modeling and Life Prediction for Dual Microstructure Heat Treated Aeroturbine Disks |
| Abstract: | To meet the increasing performance requirements of modern aeroturbine engines, a significant opportunity exists with the Dual Microstructure Heat Treatment (DMHT) technology for nickel-based aeroturbine disks. However, use of DMHT results in gradient microstructures and a major hurdle in perfecting this technology is a lack of mechanistic mechanical property modeling in the gradient region. QuesTek proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel 3D tomography-assisted fatigue life property model on a RR1000 disk alloy, by combining capabilities developed in DARPA AIM and ONR/DARPA D3D initiatives, and a NASA DMHT precipitation microstructure modeling program. QuesTek will work with Rolls-Royce to identify the service conditions of a gas turbine engine disk component; incorporate 3D tomographic technology to identify the inclusion microstructure that represents the lowest fatigue life distribution; leverage available transient gamma- prime microstructure and mechanical property models and data from the ongoing Rolls- Royce and NASA programs, and collaborate with Professor David McDowell of GIT to demonstrate a mechanistic fatigue lifing model within the gradient region. This approach will be further extended to include a diffusional microtwinning-based creep-fatigue model during the service conditions in the Phase II to allow for a full range probabilistic lifing model for DMHT disk components.BENEFIT:The proposed program will develop a key ability needed for complete fatigue and life prediction of gradient microstructure aeroturbine disks. The key feature of the proposed approach is the explicit treatment of location-specific multiscale microstructure including gamma-prime precipitates, grain boundary structure and inclusions into a physics-based fatigue simulation tool. Because of the mechanistic nature of this approach, Rolls-Royce anticipates utilizing the calibrated and validated simulation tool for virtual rapid component design and for manufacturing process optimization. This significantly accelerates the development and qualification of aeroturbine disk component at lower cost than conventional statistical data driven methods. In addition to aeroturbine disk applications, the proposed simulation model and tool can be further extended to other areas such as land-based turbines and high- performance gears and bearings. Finally, materials design engineers can also use the proposed tool to develop innovative and robust materials specifically tailored to optimize the benefits of graded microstructures. |
| UES, Inc.
4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-6900
Yoon-Suk Choi AF 08-077 Awarded: 1/20/2009 |
| Title: | Physics-Based Probabilistic Life-Prediction Model for Advanced Hot-Section Turbine Disk Materials With Gradient Microstructures |
| Abstract: | In the proposed Phase I program we intend to develop a physics-based, microstructure- sensitive 3D constitutive model for the prediction of fatigue, creep and resulting damage behaviors of advanced hot-section gradient-microstructure turbine disk materials. We will interface the proposed fatigue and creep model with an analytical yield-strength prediction model to effectively incorporate microstructural effects. We also intend to develop a doable experimental protocol for the validation of our modeling approaches. The proposed research program will address key issues regarding the microstructural and thermomechanical transition zone of a turbine disk, and provide a computational basis for the reliable life prediction of an advanced turbine disk having a gradient microstructure. We will actively collaborate with our OEM partner, Rolls Royce, in order to intensively work on their third-generation gradient-microstructure turbine disk material RR1000 for the proposed Phase I program. UES scientists have over 15 years of experience in modeling and simulations of structure-property predictions in advanced metals, and over 5 years of experience in modeling the yield strength and creep of Ni- based superalloys. We will use this expertise and our collaborators expertise in disk materials, to develop computational tools to simulate the behavior of the transition zone in a turbine disk RR1000.BENEFIT:Third-generation turbine disk materials were designed for the advanced turbine disk performance at the higher temperature. Due to the microstructural complexity and dynamic thermomechanical operating conditions of hot- section turbine disks lifing requires rigorous numerical approaches to account for the influence of microstructural heterogeneities under imposed thermomechanical conditions. Building reliable life prediction computational tools for advanced hot-section turbine disks is also a hot issue in turbine engine industries. The proposed Phase I effort will bring a microstructure-sensitive computational basis and a validation protocol for reliable lifing of advanced hot-section turbine disk materials. We have already entered in to a partnership with an OEM, Rolls Royce, under an NDA. We have chosen a Rolls Royce third- generation turbine disk material RR1000 as a target material. We will work closely with Rolls Royce to transition the prediction tool and apply it to a component. At the end of the Phases I and II programs, we anticipate licensing the modeling tool to our partner and continue to refine the product in the years following. |
| VEXTEC Corporation
750 Old Hickory Blvd, Building 2, Suite 270 Brentwood, TN 37027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 372-0299
Richard Holmes AF 08-077 Awarded: 2/3/2009 |
| Title: | Physics-Based Probabilistic Life-Prediction Model for Advanced Hot-Section Turbine Disk Materials With Gradient Microstructures |
| Abstract: | The proposed approach will build on existing probabilistic micromechanics model for failure analysis to include gradient microstructures. This effort will develop physics based damage models for the gradient microstructures focusing on complete damage evolution of the transition zone between the bore (fine grain) and the rim (coarse grain). The mechanisms considered will include 1) fatigue, 2) crack growth 3) tensile elongation and 4) creep. These four failure modes represent the primary damage mechanisms active in high temperature turbine rotors. The operating environment of todays jet engine requires high reliability with respect to these damage modes. Improved fatigue and crack growth at the bore and creep in the rim are the primary reasons behind the development of dual microstructure alloys. Particular focus under the proposed effort is to develop microstructural damage models for the transition zone where the stress gradient, temperature gradient along with the microstructure gradient will strongly influence the damage initiation and growth in a multiaxial stress field. The Phase I goal is prove concept feasibility for extending and applying probabilistic microstructure based modeling approaches to life turbine engine components with gradient microstructure. The models will be inherently mechanistic, suitable for application to a broad range of materials. BENEFIT:The New Generation Bomber or Long-Range Strike (LRS) program will revitalize the AF bomber to adapt to the changing operating environment, which includes tougher air defenses, longer flight distances, and time-critical missions. To meet these stringent new requirements of future war fighting scenarios, weapon system must be extremely fuel efficient. To attain high fuel efficiency the engine thrust-to-weight must be maximized and unnecessary weight must be eliminated while maintaining engine reliability and durability. The technology to be developed from this SBIR will allow for rotor design optimization to reduce unnecessary weight. The turbine rotors will be designed to operate at extreme temperatures to maximize performance and mission flexibility, obtain the lightest weight possible to maximize thrust- to-weight, and do so with enhanced turbine durability. This proposal effort will evaluate the durability of a design configuration which could produce a cost savings from up to 1% increase in fuel efficiency or $500M for a fleet of 1000 engines over 15 years of service. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 552-5128
Aaron Small AF 08-078 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | Quick Release Appliqué Films |
| Abstract: | Appliqué films are much more attractive than conventional conformal coatings for current and future aerospace applications. Not only can the appliqué function as a zero VOC top coat, but additional functionality can be built into the appliqué, such as embedded sensors and electronics. A major drawback to appliqués is that their high film adhesion makes removal difficult. Either substantial residue is left behind, or worse, the underlying substrate is damaged. Luna Innovations will build on previous experience in self healing adhesives, multifunctional appliqués, and thermally reversible structural adhesives to create a stimuli reversible adhesive for appliqués. Current materials at Luna exhibit tunable temperature release ranges with very little external heat stimuli. These reversible adhesive formulas, although designed originally for thermal reversibility, will be modified to include removal by electrical current or radio frequency.BENEFIT: Thermally (and other stimuli) reversible adhesive concepts would be directly applicable to thermally repairable composite applications for airframe and space applications, as well as reversible structural adhesives for the transportation, construction, and packaging market. Reversible bonding would also be useful in composite structures where a rapid part interchange is required. These materials would serve as “bolts” and “fasteners” in a sense, but eliminate the point stresses caused by using them in a composite or metal structure. Additionally, eliminating metal bolts in any carbon fiber composite or metal structure will eliminate potential for galvanic corrosion. |
| Research Support Instruments
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 329-3700
John F. Kline AF 08-078 Awarded: 12/12/2008 |
| Title: | Micro-Universal Fit Fasteners (MUFF) |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments, Inc. (RSI) proposes to develop Micro Universal Fit Fasteners (MUFF’s), a solution to the Air Force need for an adhesive for appliqué-based replacements for paint on surfaces such as aircraft exteriors. Fluoropolymer film appliqués have been developed for various paint replacement applications ranging from rougher industrial surfaces to demanding ones such as aerodynamic surfaces on F-16''s. Appliqué films reduce environmental impact while potentially providing additional functionality, but the adhesives required to attach them to surfaces are difficult to remove. MUFF layers will behave like extremely strong, micro-engineered hook-and-loop fasteners between appliqué films and the surfaces to be covered. The biologically- inspired, photolithographically-structured MUFF fasteners will provide high adhesion force when engaged, but disengage for easy removal. MUFF-coated appliqués will be easily applied, removed, and replaced as needed. The goal in Phase I of MUFF development will be to design fasteners with the most promising different attachment schemes, develop a microfabrication technique and use it to fabricate prototype units, demonstrate feasibility by measuring their performance in a laboratory setting, and select the most promising design for Phase II development. BENEFIT: There are commercialized appliqué replacements for top-coat paints available; 3M has various films ranging from the no- adhesive 3951 film to the 5004 aircraft exterior film. These fluoropolymer films provide solvent-free surfaces, simple application, and chemical resistance, but all rely on pressure-sensitive adhesives for attachment. Easily-removable Velcro-like films are an attractive alternative for pressure-sensitive adhesives, but have insufficient strength and survivability for top-coat appliqué use. The durability and strength provided by MUFF films will be a great advantage – being able to reuse MUFF-equipped appliqués and continue to use them in the long term will mean that MUFF film will displace adhesives for such applications. In addition to use in appliqués, the strength of MUFF tape will be so different from existing hook-and-loop films that the operational envelope will be pushed quite far. As a result, other applications range from clothing fasteners to connections in industrial settings. |
| Acree Technologies Incorporated
1980 Olivera Ave Suite D Concord, CA 94520 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(925) 798-5770
Mike McFarland AF 08-079 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | High Temperature Sensor Materials Optimization and Fabrication Methods |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of using an innovative, nanoparticle inkjet process for directly writing high temperature health monitoring sensors on turbine engine and thermal protection system components without the need for expensive sputtering, CVD, clean room or photolithography equipment. The inkjet process allows sophisticated sensor geometries and material combinations to be produced on the component in a matter of minutes as opposed to the hours needed to produce the sensors using the conventional clean room/sputtering approach. The nanoparticle inkjet process is capable of applying a wide variety of ceramic and refractory metal materials. In this project a number of ceramic materials will be investigated for high temperature strain and TC sensor use. These materials are conductive ceramics that are stable at high temperatures in air and oxidizing environments up to or exceeding 1600° C.BENEFIT: The development of low cost, robust, high temperature sensors will allow: 1) the monitoring of critical structures for degradation during space vehicle reentry, 2) measuring the operating parameters in extremely hot environments such as the compressor and turbine sections to validate computer modeling codes, 3) allow active control of pressure surges in turbine engines, 4) allow the ability to diagnose turbine engine and thermal protection system health and estimate component capability for future missions, 5) and help reduce the significant costs of testing and qualifying turbine engines. |
| MesoScribe Technologies, Inc.
25 Health Sciences Drive Suite 125 Stony Brook, NY 11790 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 444-6455
Jeffrey Brogan AF 08-079 Awarded: 2/10/2009 |
| Title: | Ceramic Materials Optimization and Thermocouple Fabrication |
| Abstract: | MesoScribe Technologies will develop and validate ceramic thermocouples capable of measuring 1600°C for applications in gas turbine engines. A number of semi-conducting ceramic oxides have been identified as temperature sensors. Ceramic compositions will be tailored to yield stable and reproducible thermoelectric outputs. Sensors will be fabricated using Direct Write Thermal Spray technology enabling sensors to be integrated onto components and embedded within thermal barrier coatings. Sensor performance and durability will be validated on coupons and scaled to components in later project stages in cooperation with the Teams OEM partners.BENEFIT:The capability to monitor the health of aircraft engine components and prognosticate system performance in real-time is required for a number of military aircraft and weapons platforms. Operating temperatures are being pushed higher requiring the use of highly engineered materials and protective thermal barrier coatings. Ceramic thermocouple sensors will be developed for use in extreme environments. Specific applications of interest include gas turbine engine components for aero turbofans and power generation, thermal protection systems, hypersonic engine instrumentation, and aerospace components. |
| Sporian Microsystems, Inc.
515 Courtney Way Suite B Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 516-9075
Yiping Liu AF 08-079 Awarded: 2/5/2009 |
| Title: | SiCN Based High Temperature Sensor Materials Optimization and the Development of Thin Film Sensor Fabrication Methods |
| Abstract: | Recent studies sponsored by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) have confirmed that tremendous benefits can be achieved through a maturation and integration of Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) sensor technologies into future Air Force systems. Recently developed silicon carbide nitride (SiCN) based, polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) are a group of amorphous, high temperature materials, which possess excellent mechanical and electric properties at high temperatures up to1600 ºC. Sporian Microsystems, Inc. has established a solid track record of successful research and development of SiCN high temperature sensors and packaging architectures. Our approach is to extend the PDC technology into an advanced conformal coated thin film sensing and data acquisition system. The goal of this effort is twofold: further refine/modify SiCN based ceramic materials for conformal temperature and strain sensing applications and assess the feasibility to produce thin film sensors on substrates quickly in an industrial environment. The end objective of this proposed work is to develop the groundwork for fabrication of high temperature (1600 ºC) SiCN-based thin film temperature and strain sensors suitable for a wide range of conformal applications in gas turbine engines. Feasibility of selected conformal patterning/coating technologies will be assessed for the thin film sensors. BENEFIT:Aero propulsion turbine engines, communally used in commercial and military jets, would benefit significantly by having a non invasive, small mass, on engine component sensor allowing for visibility of the conditions of the turbine engine. The technology and sensor product described in this proposal would allow exactly that, while existing sensors fall well short of the applications demand. The conditions in this application are harsh, and sensors must be able to withstand high temperatures, high pressures, jet fuel and exhaust. In order for existing and future aero propulsion turbine engines to improve safety reduce cost and emissions while controlling engine instabilities, more accurate and complete information is necessary. The technology described in this proposal would allow the next boundary in sensing technology to be achieved, direct measurement from the point of interest within the turbine. Commercial applications abound for the successful results of this proposal in commercial and military turbine engine industries, which are made up of companies such as Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce. Additional potential market areas include: aerospace, marine propulsion, land based power generation turbines, automotive, oil and gas, and government and academic laboratories. |
| IPITEK
2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 438-1010
De Yu Zang AF 08-080 Awarded: 1/15/2009 |
| Title: | Biotronic Sensors for Cost, Size, Weight and Power, and Enhanced Bandwidth (C-SWaP-B) |
| Abstract: | Highly powered electromagnetic interference (EMI) could disable electronic equipment, electronic communications and data storage systems, on which the C4I system is established, and disable (or threaten) soldiers activity (or lives). Effective shielding from EMI is of critical importance in the battlefield. IPITEK proposes to develop effective DNA- based EMI-shielding clothing for this critical application. DNA has unique physical, electric and dielectric properties, which make it an excellent EMI-shielding clothing material. In addition, DNA (a bio-waste) is very cheap and easy-processing material, thus, the cost could be significantly low compared with other materials. In Phase I we will design and demonstrate the materials that provide shielding at relevant bandwidth and attenuation levels. In Phase II we will implement these designs into deliverable samples for Air Force test and evaluation, and will continue to evolve advanced materials for eventual commercialization.BENEFIT:Many Dual-Use benefits derive from this proposed development. . Effectively shielding EMI is of critical importance for both military and civilian applications. For military, it can protect the C4I system and soldier activity (and lives) ensuring winning the war. For civilian applications, it could protect civil electrical, electronic and communications equipment and personnel health of the operators. |
| Operational Technologies Corporation
4100 N. W. Loop 410 Suite 230 San Antonio, TX 78229 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(210) 731-0000
John G. Bruno AF 08-080 Awarded: 1/15/2009 |
| Title: | Combinatorial DNA Array Microsensor for Chem-Bio and Explosives |
| Abstract: | Operational Technologies Corporation proposes to further develop a novel Combinatorial DNA Array Recognition Surface (CARS) published by OpTechs senior scientist in IEEE Sensors Journal (7:1609-1616, 2007) for eventual universal sensing of any analyte including chem-bio and explosives in a handheld format. In Phase I, OpTech will investigate electrical conduction through the CARS DNA array as a mode for rapid, compact, yet sensitive detection and discrimination of germane chem-bio and explosives analytes or simulants. Electrical detection will be compared with the existing fluorescence detection mode and one mode selected for Phase II development with OpTechs engineering partner. In Phase II, OpTech will miniaturize and integrate the CARS biosensor with a compact aerosol collector, develop recognition software and a signature library for chem-bio and explosives analytes of interest, and deliver the sensor prototype for further government testing and validation. In Phase III, OpTech will aggressively push the CARS sensor into various markets, because it is a truly universal sensor capable of detecting virtually any analyte from small molecules to whole cells based on the analytes characteristic binding pattern to the large combinatorial DNA array. CARS has tremendous commercial potential in point-of-care medical diagnostics, portable environmental detection, food safety, and drug discovery screening.BENEFIT:There is a worldwide need for a simple, rapid, universal and cost-effective sensor technology to detect and identify known and unknown explosives, toxic chemicals, drugs, metabolites, bacteria, viruses, parasites, cancer cells and other analytes. CARS represents a combinatorial chemistry sensor technology that meets this need. When coupled to simple one-step electrical conduction or fluorescence imaging readout and matched to a library of known signatures via pattern recognition software, CARS has tremendous potential in point-of- care medical diagnostics, portable environmental detection, food safety, and drug discovery screening. |
| TIPD, L.L.C.
9030 S. Rita Road, Ste 120 Tucson, AZ 85747 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 621-4649
Li Li AF 08-080 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | Ultrahigh dielectric strength biotronic capacitors based on sol-gel/DNA-CTMA blends |
| Abstract: | As the power demands of airborne sensor platforms increase there is a growing need for improved capacitor technologies for compact energy storage. While progress has been made on electrolytic supercapacitors as well as nanocomposite composites, an ultrahigh dielectric strength capacitor with high dielectric constant and compatibility with a broad range of associated materials technologies is still lacking. We propose to develop organically modified sol-gel/DNA-CTMA blends for use in thin film biotronic capacitors based upon our initial observation of a dielectric breakdown strength of over 1200 volts per micron for a 95/5 blend, nearly an order of magnitude higher than observed for common dielectric polymers. DNA-CTMA is known to have a dielectric constant of approximately 8 at low frequencies, while the sol-gel dielectric constant is tunable with sol-gel composition and can range from approximately 5 to as high as 30. At the same time, we have developed the ability to dope sol-gels with high dielectric constant nanoparticles that provide for even higher dielectric constants, as well as fine-tuning of other materials properties. The proposed composites can be deposited from solution and only low temperature processing is used, further enhancing the capability for integration with other Air Force electronics and photonics technologies.BENEFIT:The growing energy demands of modern society and the desire to reduce dependence on fossil fuels have created an intense interest in new technologies that can impact the energy equation. Energy storage is a key function of any energy system and capacitors are the workhorses of energy storage in electrical systems, thus improvements in capacitor technology will impact the efficiency, size and cost of those systems. Furthermore, emerging flexible optoelectronics technologies such as organic electronics demand the development of subcomponent approaches, such as thin film capacitors, with high performance, low cost, and excellent compatibility with other materials. The proposed biotronic capacitors have the ability to fulfill all of these requirements. |
| IFyber, LLC
950 Danby Road Suite 300 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 227-7522
Aaron D. Strickland AF 08-081 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | Transparent Polymeric-Zinc Oxide Coatings for Highly Conductive Cotton |
| Abstract: | This proof-of-concept research effort will lay the foundation for integrating conductive natural fibers into garments for point-of-failure sensing. A current military need for the proposed technology is in the arena of chemical and biological (CB) agent protective garments where a sensor that can indicate whether these garments have been compromised could not only increase the service life of the garment, but could also guard the warfighter from the current empirical calculations used to determine CB garment service life. iFyber LLC, the lead company for this project, proposes to work toward extending the lifetime of CB protective garments by embedding conductive cotton fiber sensors. We will work to expand on our ability to conformally deposit various metal onto cellulose fibers with very high surface coverage using a layer-by-layer (LBL) self- assembly process. This proposed effort aims to develop a nanostructured coating that will exploit this LBL-based processes to control the conductivity of fabric textiles used by the US Department of Defense.BENEFIT:The proposed research has significant commercial impact given the potential applications of conductive textiles within both the military and public markets. In addition to standard issue CB protective garments, conductive fabric-based textiles could be implemented into packaging materials as integrated anti-tampering devices or as selective tags for anti-counterfeit applications. In the public sector, fabric-based point-of-failure sensors would also be important for workers requiring protective clothing that are in contact with hazardous materials in the chemical and agricultural industries, emergency personnel, and medical personnel. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Applied Technologies Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg.100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Yunping Yang AF 08-081 Awarded: 1/9/2009 |
| Title: | Intelligent Textiles |
| Abstract: | To address the U.S. Air Force (USAF) need for a fiber-integrated sensing system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Intelligent Textile (iTex) system. This technology is based on the amalgamation of distributed optical and evanescence sensing to detect physical and chemical stresses of chemical and biological (CB) protective suits. The innovation in its system architecture offers a self-sensing feature to determine the condition or state of the damage in a CB protective suit. The iTex system enables the soldier to monitor the use and damage to a CB suit and decide whether it can be used for longer than 45 days. On the field, it enables use of these suits to an extended 150–180 days with more than 3 launderings, resulting in annual logistical cost savings of several million dollars. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of iTex by assembling a proof-of-concept demonstration of wear recording and logging in CB protective textile materials. In Phase II, POC plans to develop a fiber-integrated iTex that will reach TRL 4–5 and be ready for initial testing for potential transition to the field. BENEFIT: The iTex technology can be easily applied to the healthcare and occupational safety field in monitoring the life of the healthcare jackets or safety jackets. Various fabric-based products are available, such as the Lifeshirt by Vivometrics, Cardioshirt by NuMetrex, and Smartshirt by Sensatex. iTex technology can be used to determine the wear of such products so as to increase the accuracy of these products. Similarly, it can be used to detect chemical spills for alarming personnel working with hazardous chemicals. Military applications of the iTex will include reliable display of the physical state and effectiveness of the CB protective suit to Soldiers. This will help them in making an evidence-based decision as to when to replace the suit, rather than just relying on the manufacturer-quoted service life. The iTex can be incorporated, not only by the USAF, but also by the other military departments such as the Army and Navy into their soldier equipment which, will benefit from this proposed technology. |
| Metal Matrix Cast Composites, LLC (dba MMCC, LLC)
101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 893-4449
James A. Cornie AF 08-082 Awarded: 12/18/2008 |
| Title: | Ultra-High Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Expansion Matched, Low Density Materials for Dimensionally Stable Space Structures |
| Abstract: | Ultra high thermal conductivity low-cost materials with thermal expansion matched to electronic devices, actuators and thermal electric cooling systems are proposed. These passive materials enable other technologies but provide for the thermal leveling required for advanced optics and sensing systems. Aluminum alloys reinforced with natural graphite platelets have demonstrated engineered thermal expansion over the range of 9 ppm/K to 4 ppm/k while exhibiting thermal conductivity values of 600 to 800 W/mK respectively. Thus, the CTE can be precisely matched to any known TEC device or semiconductor/laser diode array, LED array. Further, using local hot spot remediation, the CTE at mounting pads can be exactly matched to the device where multiple device types are proposed or required. This permits maximum heat spreading while providing for local CTE matched heat sinking. Other features of the AlGrp materials includes the flexibility during processing which permits the thermal plane to be contorted into complex geometries, around corners, and to be incorporated into hybridized structural shapes. The proposed research will characterize the component materials, demonstrate hot spot remediation and provide thermal/mechanical models that will enable the design of Phase II demonstration components. A subcomponent will be developed, thermally modeled and mapped. BENEFIT: Passive methods for thermal management and thermal leveling will result from the research. These passive methods will enable and enhance the effectiveness of active methods such as TEC and vapor chambers. Low cost CTE matched materials with ultra-high thermal conductivity will become available for the aerospace and defense electronics thermal management industry. This technology will also enable the replacement of high density/heavy, high cost Mo/Cu heat sinks used for hybrid electric automobiles as well as other commercial applications. |
| NP Photonics, Inc.
UA Science and Technology Park 9030 S. Rita Road, Suite #120 Tucson, AZ 85747 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 799-7413
Wei Shi AF 08-083 Awarded: 1/5/2009 |
| Title: | Single mode THz crystal fiber as efficient THz parametric converter |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a single mode THz crystal fiber as THz parametric converter that can generate high power, narrow linewidth, and tunable THz source in order to implement a novel standoff THz spectroscopy system by leveraging our proprietary fiber processing techniques, fiber lasers at ~ 1.55 microns and patented THz techniques. The proposed single mode THz crystal fiber converter will be fabricated based on NP Photonics’s unique high precision ultrasonic drilling and grinding techniques by using the quasi-phase-matched (QPM) structure GaAs materials including diffusion-bond (DB) GaAs and orientation-patterned GaAs. NP Photonics will demonstrate the highest conversion efficiency for THz parametric generation by using the proposed THz fiber parametric converter owing to its features of THz confinement, quasi-phase-matching, high NLO coefficient (100 pm/V) based on an external cavity and THz OPO cavity in THz generation. In phase I period of this project, we will mainly demonstrate this feasibility that the proposed single mode THz crystal fiber converter will revolutionize the THz parametric conversion efficiency and the THz parametric output power.BENEFIT: Currently, the THz spectral region has been underutilized because of the inadequacy of THz sources. The proposed THz crystal fiber converter and THz source are expected to break this limit, which has the advantages of compact, high efficiency/power, high spectral resolution, extremely wide tunability, and room temperature operation. So this proposed THz crystal fiber converter, THz source and the THz spectroscopy will have large potential market in THz applications, such as remote characterizing damage in aerospace materials, as well as standoff trace detection of hazardous materials and explosives in field due to the fast response, room-temperature operation, low noise, and high sensitivity. |
| Picometrix LLC
2925 Boardwalk Ann Arbor, MI 48104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 864-5639
David Zimdars AF 08-083 Awarded: 1/12/2009 |
| Title: | Advanced THz Materials for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I project, we will demonstrate the improvement of the time-domain-terahertz (TD-THz) transmitter output power of low temperature grown indium gallium arsenide (LT- InGaAs) based epitaxial layer structures excited by the 1060 nm lasers, such as that employed in the T-RayTM 4000 TD-THz instrumentation system. Prior to this SBIR proposal, Picometrix has developed and commercialized 1060 nm driven LT-InGaAs photoconductive material with performance equivalent to traditional 800 nm driven low temperature grown gallium arsenide (LT-GaAs). The goal of this Phase I SBIR project will be to increase the electric field within the THz transmitting antenna at least 10 times over Picometrix’s current LT-InGaAs (or LT-GaAs) antenna by developing an enhanced LT- InGaAs photoconductive material. This emphasis on epitaxial growth and microfabrication during the first phase will provide the basis for a high-sensitivity THz transceiver that will make stand-off non-destructive evaluation (NDE) imaging possible during Phase II. BENEFIT: In phase II we will package the enhanced “high performance” LT-InGaAs transmitter materials into the Picometrix’s standard telecommunications style miniature fiber pigtailed modules. These modules will provide greater than 10 times the electric field (and thereby a 10x increase in signal to noise) over the current generation of LT-InGaAs modules (or LT-GaAs modules). A Phase II prototype NDE stand-off imaging monostatic reflection TD-THz transceiver with 3-5 meter stand-off will be constructed, utilizing the new high performance modules. This will allow inspection of aircraft from the ground, without having to bring the instrument up near to the aircraft skin. |
| Traycer Diagnostic Systems, Inc.
1275 Kinnear Road Suite 251 Columbus, OH 43212 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 506-5084
Phillip Smith AF 08-083 Awarded: 1/12/2009 |
| Title: | Advanced THz Materials for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) |
| Abstract: | Stand-off inspection using THz sources is a promising technology for non-destructive evaluation by means of direct imaging as well as by identifying spectroscopic signatures of the material being inspected. This proposal addresses critical developments for realizing this promise. In particular we address the issue of developing THz sources to the point where stand-off detection at ranges of 3-5 m will be practical. Our approach provides a narrow bandwidth and tunable source based on difference frequency generation capable of operating at any frequencies where water absorption is minimized. Furthermore, we specifically design the THz source to significantly increase the average power to the point where standoff detection will be practical. In addition to these source improvements we will perform fundamental measurements of the THz properties of materials using THz sources in our laboratory. These measurements will help address basic scientific questions related to the signature science associated with corrosion, a key to developing the most robust imaging system for non-destructive aircraft inspection applications. BENEFIT: A considerable commercial opportunity exists for the development of THz component technology and a corresponding imaging system. The past decade has seen steady progress in the generation and detection of THz radiation (conventionally 0.3-10 THz). Time-domain systems based on femtosecond (fsec) laser sources are capable of broadband THz generation and detection; indeed, these systems are now commercially available from companies such as Teraview and Picometrix, a testament to the maturing nature of the technology. Measurements performed with these imaging systems have demonstrated the utility of THz systems for a variety of applications including homeland security, spectroscopy, and biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Tunable narrow bandwidth and high average power sources such as that proposed here will facilitate novel imaging modalities, atmospheric trace species detection, and other spectroscopic measurements. Of particular importance to the Air Force is THz imaging beneath paint and other barriers for nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Currently, the inspection of aircraft structures and critical components requires that any coating be removed before a visual inspection or other technological methods can be applied to detect cracks, corrosion, and other defects. A cost-saving approach is to develop a technology to look through the coatings. The technology and methodology developed through this proposal will aid in determining the feasibility of appropriate sources and measurement modalities for these important applications. |
| Cornerstone Research Group, Inc.
2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Elizabeth P Zinsser AF 08-084 Awarded: 12/10/2008 |
| Title: | Switchable Electromagnetic Windows |
| Abstract: | There is a current need for the passive protection of antenna apertures from electronic warfare (EW) and high power microwave (HPM) threats. Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) proposes to develop switchable electromagnetic windows that will passively respond to high power microwave threats. Switchable electromagnetic windows will have the ability to respond directly to the threat without an intermediate sensor system to activate the desired response. The windows will transmit electromagnetic energy in the normal state. If the incoming power density rises above a critical threshold, the material will automatically switch to reflect the incoming high power electromagnetic energy. When the threat has disappeared, the material will passively return to its normal operating state. These windows will allow for increased operational effectiveness, without subjecting sensitive equipment to damage from electronic warfare and high power threats. The extremely fast passive response time and lightweight nature of these windows will ensure maximum functionality and easy integration onto warfighter platforms. Development of this technology will enhance the state-of-the-art and contribute greatly to maintaining situational awareness both on and off the battlefield. BENEFIT:Operational Benefits: (1) Passive Protection from High Power Microwave Threats, (2) Blocks Only Threat Frequencies, (3) Extremely Fast Response Time, and (4) Lightweight. Commercial Applications: (1) Communications Systems and (2) Commercial Aircraft Electronics. |
| Imaging Systems Technology
4750 W. Bancroft Toledo, OH 43615 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(419) 536-5741
Devendra Kumar AF 08-084 Awarded: 12/12/2008 |
| Title: | Stimulus Responsive Passive Electromagnetic Shielding for Microwave/RF Limiters |
| Abstract: | Under this SBIR, Imaging Systems Technology proposes to evaluate its novel propriety Plasma-sphereTM technology for use as a passive electromagnetic shielding material for protection against High Power Microwave (HPM) threats. HPM threats are a significant problem. DOD notes significant operational and strategic concerns over Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) specifically regarding High Power Microwave (HPM) weapons and High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) threats. Plasma can be used as an electromagnetic shield against HPM threats. A plasma based shield system offers distinct advantages and significant opportunities over traditional metallic shields. A plasma shields can dynamically change its shielding effectiveness in response to incident RF/microwave energy levels. It is lightweight and it offers broadband protection. The envisioned Plasma- sphere shield will be particularly useful as it allows easy containment of the plasma in a rugged shell. Plasma-sphere shield allows for easy retrofit to existing systems. The Plasma-spheres may be incorporated into a substrate and placed over an antenna aperture without modification to legacy systems.BENEFIT: If successful this work will lead to a low cost lightweight shield against RF and HPM threats. This is of use to the military but is also useful in certain industries in which microwaves are generated and used including the communication industry. |
| Agiltron Corporation
15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-1200
King Wang AF 08-085 Awarded: 2/27/2009 |
| Title: | Nanodielectrics for High Energy Density Capacitors |
| Abstract: | Agiltron, in collaboration with the Nanodielectric Group headed by Prof. Lei Zhu and Steven Boggs at the University of Connecticut (UConn), proposes a novel nano- engineering approach to develop a new category of nano-dielectrics for high energy density capacitor applications. The new approach combines the cutting-edge nanomaterials development and manufacture at Agiltron and extensive experience in materials design and simulation within the UConn team. The proposed nanodielectrics integrate high dielectric constant ceramic nanoparticles, an interphase nano-layer, and a polymer matrix with high breakdown strength. Our nanocomposites are expected to have a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the matrix polymer, breakdown strength of ~300 V/ìm, dielectric loss less than 0.01, and calculated energy storage density of over 30 J/cc. These nanodielectric films will be flexible due to the low filler loading, and they can be folded and rolled to build compact capacitors. These features are unattainable from the existing materials. This Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.BENEFIT:The use of this technology would find application in most electronic devices. DoD, DHS, and other government organizations would benefit greatly from the reduction of size and weight, and the enhanced performance of capacitors. Civilian applications include capacitors and other passive devices in all electronic devices, and electronic packaging. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 220-2503
Christy Vestal AF 08-085 Awarded: 1/13/2009 |
| Title: | Dielectric Nanocomposite Films with Increased Energy Storage for Pulsed Power Capacitors |
| Abstract: | With the increasing requirements for compact, lightweight, high power storage systems, the development of new high energy density dielectric materials is important. Dielectric nanocomposites are hybrid systems that offer the potential to meet the next energy storage requirements by combining the high k performance of ceramics with the high breakdown strength and low loss of polymers. Currently dielectric nanocomposites are prepared by combining high k nanoparticles into polymer matrices. To achieve a high dielectric constant, high filler volumes (>50%) are needed. As the loading increases, the film quality, mechanical properties, thermal stress reliability, and dielectric breakdown strength have all been shown to degrade. To overcome these problems, Luna proposes to develop a dielectric polymer nanocomposite system based on unique functionalized nanomaterials that are well dispersed in a polymer matrix. The goal of the program is to prepare a dielectric nanocomposite containing a low percentage of nanofillers that demonstrates good electrical performance. In the Phase I program, Luna will evaluate several nanofiller materials and their dispersion with appropriate polymer systems. Once suitable polymer/nanofiller combinations are identified, nanocomposite fabrication methods will be developed. Finally, the electrical properties will be demonstrated. BENEFIT: The materials developed in this Phase I program would find use as capacitor components for pulsed power applications. Pulsed power capacitors with improved electrical performance would have use in power systems for directed energy weapons. In addition, the proposed technology would find application in military markets that demand large pulsed power capacitor banks, such as integrated power units on unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), military shelter power applications, and electromagnetic rail launchers. In both military and commercial markets these materials could find application in small portable power platforms for laptops, hybrid vehicles or other back-up power generation needs. |
| Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 237 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7400
Shihai Zhang AF 08-085 Awarded: 2/2/2009 |
| Title: | Nanodielectrics for High Energy Density Capacitors |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a novel multilayer capacitor film technology for energy storage capacitor applications. The innovative dielectric materials combine the high dielectric constant, high temperature stability, high dielectric breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, fast discharge speed, and long lifetime of two different components. In addition, the capacitor film can be manufactured with inexpensive film processing machine in a short time. The film capacitors will be designed and fabricated utilizing the unconventional nanodielectric capacitor film, state-of-the-art film metallization technology to promote self healing, and robust capacitor design and packaging. The advanced capacitors will have energy density above 10 J/cc, dielectric loss lower than 0.01, dielectric breakdown strength above 600 V/Ým, and self healing feature. The high energy density, high performance film capacitors can be used to enable the miniaturization of the electrical power system on the air and space platform to support more electric aircraft and high voltage loads for direct-energy weapons.BENEFIT:There are numerous applications that will benefit from the improved energy storage capacitors with high voltage endurance, long lifetime, fast discharge, low loss, and high energy density. These capacitors can be used in pulse-forming networks (PFNs) for the conversion of prime electrical energy into the necessary short pulses of energy needed to energize loads such as high power microwave, directed energy, kinetic energy weapons, and high power microwave. The Army is developing future vehicles which require compact electrical power systems. The Navy is developing the all-electric ship in which the power requirements of future Naval vessels will not be as dominated by propulsion as current ships and it may be desirable to be able to transfer energy between uses. This will require storage and conditioning of vast amounts of power. In addition, weapons, catapult systems and other military technologies that demand pulses of power would require very large banks of dielectric capacitors. In parallel, the Air Force is developing more-electric- aircrafts and the Army is trying to develop all electric tanks. Compact, high-energy- density, pulse-power capacitors will be the enabling technology for all future weapon systems that the DoD plans to pursue. In addition, these advanced capacitor film can also be used for implantable cardiac defibrillators, external defibrillators, and capacitor bank for hybrid electric vehicles. |
| ACTA Incorporated
2790 Skypark Drive, Suite 310 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1008
Timothy Hasselman AF 08-088 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Weapons Effects FRMs for Reinforced Concrete Walls & Floor/Ceiling Slabs |
| Abstract: | A nine-month Phase I project is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of developing high- fidelity physics-based (HFPB) weapons effects FRMs for reinforced concrete walls and floor/ceiling slabs to meet current AFRL requirements. Modeling issues for both hardened bunkers and non-hardened conventional structures will be investigated, including constitutive models for high strength concrete and expansion of the load space and for hardened structures, and techniques for modeling connections in non-monolithic conventional structures. Techniques for more efficient FRMs will be investigated and demonstrated for both types of structures. FRMs will model failure due to weapons effects, residual capacity of non-failed components, as well as breach, spall and secondary debris for assessing collateral damage.BENEFIT:These FRMs are being developed to replace the simplistic models in AFRLs MEVA and EF codes that are used to support weapon design and effectiveness assessment. In addition to improving the physics modeling fidelity of the codes, the accuracy of the FRMs is rigorously quantified by comparison with HFPB analyses and test data, adding confidence to the assessments. These FRMs will complete the suite of new HFPB FRMs in MEVA, allowing greater precision in the assessment of vulnerability to current and future air-delivered weapons. These models and variants of them will be commercialized for use within other branches of military service, as well as non-military government and civil structures applications. |
| Weidlinger Associates, Inc.
375 Hudson St FL 12 New York, NY 10014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 230-0331
David Vaughan AF 08-088 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Weapons Effects FRMs for Reinforced Concrete Walls & Floor/Ceiling Slabs |
| Abstract: | The Air Force Research Laboratory developed the MEVA software for weaponeering applications. MEVA allows a weaponeer to quickly study alternative targeting scenarios to maximize the effectiveness of a mission while minimizing the risk to the warfighter and the potential for collateral damage. MEVA needs to be upgraded to support targeting needs for structures with RC slabs and walls that fall outside the current specifications of its blast response modules. The main areas of enhancement required are: Support for higher strength concrete materials Support for the full range of hardened and civil construction that is (or will be) supported by STMG Support for the expanded range of loading produced by new weapon systems available to the weaponeer such as the MOP Support for more complex representations of blast pressure waveforms resulting from internal propagation through complex structural geometries Addition of new response measures such as breach and fragment/debris data that increase MEVAs effectiveness to support mission planning. WAI proposes to demonstrate proof of concept methods to address each of these areas in Phase I and develop the new software tools and integrate them within the MEVA software in a follow-on Phase II effort.BENEFIT:WAI has successfully commercialized products produced by previous SBIR efforts including the PZFlex software for piezoelectric modeling applications which will generate $1,000,000 revenue in the year 2008. The primary market for the blast modules developed under this SBIR would primarily be other DoD organizations in the U.S. For example, DTRA develops and maintains the IMEA software for offensive targeting needs. The new modules have direct application to IMEA and other similar software environments. Additionally, HFPB modeling of HSC and UHSC structures is an increasingly important area for a number of DoD agencies. WAI anticipates that the increased experience and validation that will result from this effort will directly result in increasing WAIs consulting business in this area. WAI also anticipates an increase in sales of the NLFlex software to government groups interested in HFPB modeling of HSC and UHSC materials. |
| Omnitek Partners, LLC
111 West Main Street Bay Shore, NY 11706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 665-4008
Richard Murray AF 08-089 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Common Gravity Dropped Small Weapon Electronic Safe Arm Fuze (ESAF) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop innovative means to effectively enable Safe/Arm (S/A) functionally within gravity dropped small weapons. A systematic method is proposed for the development of various means of using external stimuli, environmental sensing and certain event detection techniques to provide for safe and arm (S/A) functionalities. Fully electronic concepts are proposed that operate without the need of batteries or external power sources by generating their required electrical energy. The proposed electronics circuitry and logics would then provide the desired S/A functionalities as well as some other fuzing functionalities. The concepts are particularly safe since their electronics circuitry and logics have no available power prior to their release. The project involves extensive dynamics and structural modeling and simulation and proof-of-concept prototype development and testing to validate the developed models. The validated models are then to be used to develop optimal designs to match the requirements of the project. The proposed concepts are particularly suitable for miniaturization and low-cost production since they can be manufactured using well established mass fabrication techniques and equipment.BENEFIT:The development of the proposed concepts for safe and arm (S/A) functionalities is essential for the development of low-cost, safe, small fuzing for gravity dropped small weapons with significantly reduced collateral damage and UXO. Such no-battery, self-powered electronic safe and arm (S/A) devices will have a wide range of dual use commercial and other military applications. On the military side, they could be used on a wide range of weapons to reduce cost and increase safety, reduce collateral damage and UXO. On the commercial side, they could be used to initiate remote wireless sensors used for diagnostics, emergency detection, and for other similar purposes. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 552-5128
Jonas Gunter AF 08-090 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Dielectric Reflector Particles for Laser Protection Coatings |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Air Force faces an emerging threat from high energy laser systems designed to intercept air munitions prior to impact on the intended targets. A cost effective approach would require that all existing weapons systems be upgraded with a coating that provides some degree of laser protection. Luna Innovations Incorporated is proposing to develop a novel additive that will allow such a coating to be developed. This technology will enable coatings which possess reflectivity across the infrared band (1 micron to 20 micron) while minimizing heating due to absorbance. Luna will be utilizing a self-assembly process to construct particles from agglomerations of nano-sized dielectric ceramics. The final particles are expected to possess high temperature and environmental stability with excellent reflectivity toward threat wavelengths. After a highly focused effort to achieve materials with desired properties, Luna will leverage their aerospace coatings expertise to evaluate the requirements for a coating utilizing the new properties. Luna is then prepared to continue the work to develop an optimized coating from the new materials.BENEFIT:Lunas dielectric reflector particles will be a first-of-a kind demonstration of dielectric mirror technology in an easily processable form. The implication for thermal management and laser-based technologies is greatly reduced costs. Dielectric mirror technology is now only produced on small flat parts using vapor phase technology. Dielectric reflector particles will allow selective filtering of infrared radiation using easily applied paints and clear coats. New products used to provide energy efficient buildings will be realized with window coatings and roof treatments. Optical components in fiber optics communications can be reduced in cost by avoiding a costly vapor deposition step and allowing large substrates to be coated for greater production rates. |
| SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY INC
15 WARD STREET SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 547-1122
Allen Flusberg AF 08-090 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Retrofittable Laser Protection for Weapons |
| Abstract: | High-energy laser (HEL) weapons systems are still in their infancy, but with the acute need for a reliable, inexpensive missile defense, and the rapid pace at which laser technology is developing, it is anticipated that they will be widespread within ten or twenty years and perhaps sooner. Nowwell before such HEL systems have become ubiquitousis the time to begin developing countermeasures against them. In this program we propose to develop and optimize techniques to reflect the laser light away (photon blocking) and to limit thermal transport to temperature-sensitive areas (phonon blocking), with an emphasis on technology that is retrofittable to legacy weapons typical of US Air Force inventory. In Phase I we will develop and optimize these techniques using a combination of modeling and experiments, and in Phase II we will conduct demonstrations of the technology.BENEFIT:Military benefits include enhanced survivability for missiles and other projectiles under attack by an HEL. Commercial applications include (1) sale of this technology to the commercial sector, to protect commercial aircraft against laser-based terrorist attacks; and (2) use of similar technology to improve lifetime and thrust of turbine blades by limiting thermal transport to the blades. Decreasing the conductive and radiative transport from the surface to the blades will allow higher inlet temperature without stressing blade-material temperature limitations. It will thus permit the design of engines having greatly increased specific power, lifetime and efficiency, with applications to the power-generation market, as well as the aerospace and defense market. These are multi-billion-dollar markets. |
| Full Spectrum Technologies, Inc.
503 Golfview Dr. Suite 200 San Jose, CA 95127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 223-2041
Murl Culp AF 08-091 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Boosted Penetrator Technology |
| Abstract: | The study is formulated around use of system level trade studies for the Booster Penetrator subsystem requirements. The Mission Analysis is defined by the weapon requirements and weapon use scenario. Performance requirements are identified so that the explosive, penetrator, target vulnerability, and guidance candidates can establish a viable set of subsystems that can be consolidated for use in the SBIR. To identify the requirements and subsystems, FSTI has several tools that have been successfully used on penetrator programs involving the BLU-109, Small Diameter Bomb and others. These programs will be used to aid in the requirements and subsystem definitions. FSTI developed the Weapon Analysis Model, Rocket Motor Basic Sizing programs and the Mission Analysis Diagram. These programs enable us to efficiently reduce the times of conducting the work. The weapon optimization can also be included in the weapon design requirements. Additionally, the experience FSTI has in developing unique designs for meeting insensitive munitions requirements will be an asset in developing a sound approach for this weapon.The goal is to be ready to demonstrate the design for confidence in the Boosted Penetrator Technologies. BENEFIT:The Boosted Penetrator Insensitive Munition study could be applied to the use of a rocket motors in space studies where rocket motors are used to launch space hardware. The release mechanisms that are temperature sensitive have application to safety systems in buildings where fire may be a potential concern. These release rings work in the opposite direction to the conventional release rings. Snap rings normally release by expanding where the ones used in the rocket motors and warheads contract and release the device for protection. Buildings that are built on very hard surfaces depend on oil well drilling techniques to make holes in the hard surface. It is a process which takes time. The boosted penetrator would allow for a penetration into the hard surface to be done in a fraction of the time for drilling. Anchors into these same surfaces are difficult and the penetration techniques may offer a faster way to anchor a building to the hard surface. |
| TPL, Inc.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4431
Randal Johnson AF 08-091 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Reinforced Boosted Penetrator Formulations |
| Abstract: | A variety of types of warheads have been envisioned for boosted penetrator warheads for the JDAM upgrade program to defeat a variety of targets. Insensitive compositions are indicated in this type of system since the warhead will be boosted to speeds of 2000 2500 feet per second prior to impact with hardened structures or rock. A persistent problem experienced in PBXs in these weapons has been explosive rebounding in the weapon cavity wherein the explosive responds elastically creating internal wave fronts rebounding from impact stresses. This creates waves, eddies, cracks, and can cause premature or unreliable detonation. TPL proposes to enhance the survival and resistance of the explosive composition in these warheads through the use of reinforcing media in the formulation of the composition. This will decrease the elasticity of the formulation and reinforce the integrity of the billet through the high velocity penetration. TPL will formulate and perform testing and hydrocode calculations on inert simulants of a chosen warhead composition and compare results to those of the original formulation. A preferred formulation modification will be manufactured along with the original formulation in a small scale and both will be tested for energetic output.BENEFIT:Reinforcement of polymeric structures with various media including fibers and spherical or granular materials has been a commercially available concept for many years. This is not a novel concept with any real potential for commercialization outside of military applications. Unlike commercial formulations, few PBX formulations that include reinforcing media have been developed or tested. The use of reinforcing media in energetic formulations in these applications will have the benefit of increasing reliability and, possibly, the performance of the munition. Since TPL does not have an energetics manufacturing facility, future endeavors would involve coordination of efforts with an established manufacturing facility and licensing of the concept to that entity. |
| Dynamic Systems and Research
8219 Pickard Ave NE Albuquerque, NM 87110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 270-3088
Danny J. Frew AF 08-092 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | High Speed Survivable Small Penetration Fuze |
| Abstract: | This program seeks to develop advanced, high-voltage components for the next generation of military fuzes. Specifically, we propose to develop and test three different high-voltage switch modules that can be implemented into future in-line, high-voltage fuzing and firing set systems. During the Phase I effort, DSR will research three different high-voltage switches for fuzing applications. MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) technologies will be used to develop reliable, inexpensive, high-voltage switches. A limited amount of penetration shock testing is planned at the end of Phase I followed by further development and testing in Phase II. Ultimately, this program will deliver high-voltage fuzing module(s) capable of surviving and functioning in severe, high-shock environments. Inherent within the final module design(s) will be the capability for the end-user to perform necessary live, non- destructive acceptance and recertification testing of fuzes. This capability will enhance significantly the ability for the war fighter to validate the functionality of a fuzing system and also improve reliability of overall warheads.BENEFITS:Currently, the high-voltage parts used in high-shock fuzing applications are, in general, the most problematic components of the system. As military and fuze manufacturers push the development of smaller fuzes, high-voltage fuzing systems will begin replacing the traditional out-of-line, low-voltage systems. Improvements to the high-voltage portion of in-line fuzing systems are needed. The successful implementation of the products developed in this program will lead to much more reliable fuzing systems and ultimately improve the efficiency of our weapons on the battlefield. From a commercialization standpoint, the technologies developed under this program could be transitioned to the aircraft, space, and energy explorations industries. Miniature commercial aircraft Black Box flight data recorders, temperature-insensitive space electronic instruments, and improved oil exploration high- voltage, linear-shape-charge systems are examples of possible uses for the technologies developed in this program. |
| KaZaK Composites Incorporated
10F GIll Street Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 932-5667
Robert Karnes AF 08-092 Awarded: 5/29/2009 |
| Title: | Shock Hardened, High Resolution Inductive Sensing Accelerometer |
| Abstract: | KaZaK Composites and Kaman Fuzing offer a novel accelerometer concept using inductive sensing. The concept promises shock resistance, high sensitivity and resolution, flat frequency response, DC capability, high resonance, and to eliminate the brittleness problems with piezoresistive instruments. It is intended for initial application in penetrating weapons, and will be suitably hardened for the shock environment. It will be an enabling technology for distributed fuzing, which was highlighted in the topic description. Outputs of direct local sensing by instruments disposed about the weapon body could be integrated to give both rigid-body dynamics and body strains, to alleviate the need for shock isolation of a centrally mounted processor. The accelerometer is proposed to be built of extremely high specific stiffness composite materials for reduced physical distortion and improved linearity under high G loadings. One objective will be to show that the specific stiffness of a practical composite at instrument scale can exceed that of beryllium, the benchmark for conventional inertial sensors. In Phase I the team will work toward a benchtop-level test article for laboratory demonstration of the concept. The team will also pursue preliminary design of a prototype instrument, mounting method and interconnection hardware to survive the weapon production process.BENEFITS:The immediate prospects for a new capability in high shock accelerometers include improvement to the reliability of penetrator fuzing, and enabling technology for distributed fuzing. Ultimately, these factors will result in an important tactical advantage. Aside from the military applications, the commercial potential should be at least equal to that of existing accelerometers. The high resolution of the inductive sensing instrument is promises for many applications, and the new type should find a niche in high-precision vibration monitoring in fields such as transport vehicle dynamics, aerospace, machine tools, and research. The sensitivity of the inductive type may also prove of use for relatively low accelerations, such as seismic measurements. |
| MARK Resources, Inc.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Richard L. Mitchell AF 08-093 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Smart Submunition Radar |
| Abstract: | MARK Resources, teamed with Boeing, proposes to define a radar for a fire-and-forget submunition that will enable a Cluster Bomb Unit (CBU) munition or an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) to engage and neutralize multiple targets spread over a large region. This effort brings together three unique sets of capabilities: MARK Resources radar processing and design expertise, Boeings new lightweight aperture technology, and Boeings system level experience. Together, we will define submunition and radar concepts of operation, including the radar hardware and operating parameters. The submunition radar will be capable of detecting, tracking, and classifying a desired target, and selecting and hitting an aimpoint, all within the constraints of the limited submunition size, weight, power, cost, and flight envelope. We will demonstrate the system performance using simulated data.BENEFIT:The principal application of the proposed technology is a seeker for a submunition. However, other small, lightweight platforms such as UAVs are also excellent candidates for the same seeker technology. |
| Mustang Technology Group, L.P.
400 W. Bethany Suite 110 Allen, TX 75013 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 396-4432
Rustin W Allred AF 08-093 Awarded: 4/23/2009 |
| Title: | Guided Smart Submunitions |
| Abstract: | Mustang Technology Group proposes to leverage its extensive experience with low-cost, compact radar technology, and its current seeker designs, to design a submunition seeker that meets all of the Air Force requirements for a cost that is compatible with deployment on submunitions.BENEFIT:The proposed seeker will have extensive applications throughout the Department of Defense for submunition applications, and the underlying technologies will also have applications in Homeland Security and commercial surveillance applications as well. |
| Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC)
6800 Burleson Road Building 320 Austin, TX 78744 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Bradley Sallee AF 08-093 Awarded: 4/15/2009 |
| Title: | LADAR Guided Smart Submunitions |
| Abstract: | Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) proposes a LADAR seeker for guided smart submunitions. The LADAR is an extension of the SPEC LADAR family, operating at 1550nm, making use of communications fiber optic components, minimizing cost, development time and size. The receiver utilizes SPECs LADAR ROIC, allowing detection of the first three objects in range per pixel, with range accuracy to 3mm. The LADAR allows all weather operation with 5km range in all but heavy thunderstorm (4km) and fog (twice the visual range). The LADAR architecture features a fiber optic transceiver using DWDM channel multiplexing, coupled with dual Fresnel style prism director which allows large area search, small area scan or FOR tracking modes. Initial sizing indicates 3 inch aperture is sufficient, well within the 6 inch round diameter. Power will be under 100 watts, dominated by laser pump power. LADAR image processing will be handled by HyperX matrix processor, a fabric of 100 processors on a chip, clock by clock reconfigurable, and having power per flop 1/10 competitive units. The LADAR will be capable of classifying, guiding the round to the target, and discrimination of targets. Last pixel processing allows locating targets under heavy foliage and camouflage nets. BENEFIT:The use of an imaging LADAR for guided smart munitions allows good weather performance, excellent discrimination and tracking accuracy and the ability to defeat objects hidden under heavy foliage or camouflage nets. |
| Vescent Photonics
4865 E. 41st Ave Denver, CO 80216 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 296-6766
Scott Davis AF 08-093 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Low Cost, Low SWAP Micro-LADAR for Guided Smart Submunitions |
| Abstract: | Vescent Photonics, in collaboration with Aerius Photonics, proposes to develop a new generation of ultra-compact, ultra low power micro-ladar systems that will be suitable for a wide variety of military needs including: guided sub-munitions, missle interceptor seeker systems, active collision avoidance in space by multiple kill vehicle interceptors, UAV collision avoidance and range finding, and many more. These new devices are enabled by the combined development of revolutionary non-mechanical beamsteerers by Vescent, and VCSEL/VCSOA LADAR transceivers by Aerius Photonics. By combining these two new technologies we are replacing the two foremost impediments to ladar SWAP and cost reduction: the mechanical scanners and the high power lasers. The proposed micro-ladar seekers will be entirely electro-optic, the size of a matchbox, and able to scan an entire 80º Field Of View (FOV) in less than a millisecond with analog resolution. The purpose of this phase I is to prove the feasibility of this combination.BENEFIT:The ultra-compact steerable LADAR concept and hardware developed in this program has a wide range of relatively near-term and potentially low-cost military (tactical, theater and strategic) and other (surveillance/homeland security) applications. Tactical and surveillance adaptations would be the largest potential near-term markets. We believe that the ultra-compact steerable laser rangefinder approach could be readily and cost effectively adapted to fielding of compact laser radars, coded covert (free-space-optics) line-of-sight communications capabilities and serve as high-accuracy optical trackers for engaging tactical (rockets, mortars and artillery-RAM) targets; RAMs are currently major threats to the US and its allies in the context of theater and urban warfare. Outside of the military deployment, our ultra-compact SAA LADAR system can be instrumental in future Autonomous (Adaptive) Cruise Control systems for the automobile industry. Robotic, autonomous disaster zone LADAR mapping and navigation could also directly benefit from this development research effort. Ad-hoc free-space optical communication networks are also envisioned as another potential application. |
| ACTA Incorporated
2790 Skypark Drive, Suite 310 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1008
Wije Wathugala AF 08-094 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Weapons Effects FRMs for Small Munitions on Fixed Targets |
| Abstract: | Predicting the damage to structures commonly found in Urban Environments to the effects of intentional or accidental small explosions is a difficult problem, often resulting in hazards to nearby personnel and equipment. Numerous commercial and military organization desire models that can predict the structural damage and characteristics of the debris generated by the various forces. In this SBIR Phase I, several HFPB (High Fidelity Physics Based) methods will be compared by simulating the breach of urban walls by small munitions causing (a) inert penetration, and (b) explosive penetration. Fast Running Models that mimic the results of the HFPB simulations will also be demonstrated. BENEFIT:In recent years, the US military finds itself more involved in urban warfare. In urban warfare or MOUT (Military Operations in Urban Terrain), armed forces have to exhibit caution so that their actions will not harm civilians and friendly forces in the area. These precautions exclude the use of large weapons and therefore the military is extremely interested in the use of more precise small weapons. These small weapons are often used to breach urban walls and can be inert projectiles or explosive projectiles (cased weapons) that a) detonate upon impact or b) set for a delayed detonation during partial penetration in order to maximize damage. The physics of the inert or explosive impacts and the resulting breakup and debris generation of these munitions is very complex and validated numerical methods do not yet exist. Therefore, there is a need to develop validated small munitions models capable of determining the consequences of their use in order to assist military planners and soldiers in the field. In this project, we proposed to develop FRMs (Fast Running Models) to predict (a) hole size, (b) amount of material removed, (c) probabilistic debris mass and velocity distributions due to inert and explosive penetration of urban walls by small weapons. |
| AetherMachines Inc.
41 Bruce Drive Alplaus, NY 12008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 423-8671
Michael D. Moore AF 08-096 Awarded: 6/26/2009 |
| Title: | Perching Micro Air Weapon |
| Abstract: | A highly unique, perching MAV topology providing excellent maneuverability, high explosive payload capacity, color video transmission back to the operator, good range, and energy harvesting from power lines, wind, and solar sources is detailed. These advantages greatly extend the mission duration and capabilities of the micro air weapon. Additionally, the topology of the MAV gives the ability to aim and discharge the payload, allowing the MAV to return for reuse unless expendability is required by the mission. The MAV is also capable of very effective terrestrial travel, including crawling under vehicles and into tight spaces. The design uses high performance plastic, rapid prototyped parts, COTS components such as flight motors, RC servos, receiver, video transmitter, GPS receiver, and lithium polymer batteries, and is remotely controlled via common single or two joystick techniques. BENEFITS:The feasibility R&D and work in this proposal will fabricate, test and optimize a MAV topology that immediately can become commercial product that enables positioning and repositioning of a video link via flight to virtually any location. This ability is well suited for news gathering, viewing of scheduled indoor and outdoor events, and especially far rapidly deployable video feeds to the internet via TCP/IP and websites. |
| Design Intelligence Incorporated, LLC
350 David L Boren Blvd Suite 1780 Norman, OK 73072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(405) 307-0397
James L Grimsley AF 08-096 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Perching Micro Air Weapon |
| Abstract: | Design Intelligence Incorporated, LLC (DII) proposes an integrated design approach for an innovative perching micro air vehicle (MAV) using energy harvesting. The proposed design concepts will build upon DIIs proprietary energy harvesting technology and hardware and will include innovative biomimitic MAV design concepts. In particular, DII proposes MAV design concepts that focus on energy harvesting (EH) modality pairs so that the tightly-constrained design requirements for a perch and stare MAV can be achieved with optimal performance by the EH systems. Overall vehicle performance and agility as well as camouflage and concealment will be accomplished through the use of biomimitic modeling and conceptualization. This will allow the MAV to remain hidden in plain sight. DIIs proprietary EH power management system can accommodate both DC and AC energy sources over a wide range of power levels. The MAV design concepts will integrate EH transducers, such as solar cells, into the overall MAV air frame and structure to maximize design efficiency and to ensure that maximum EH efficiency is achieved for the given MAV size and class. Onboard energy storage will be accomplished with a combination of supercapacitors and advanced battery chemistries to sustain MAV operation during extended mission operations.BENEFIT:A "perch and stare"-capable micro air vehicle (MAV) has immediate application to support current military demands for improved intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance challenges. The proposed technology will increase the effectiveness of military missions and will improve the safety of military personnel while disrupting adversarial activity. The proposed technology also has broad commercial application since it will further develop energy harvesting (EH) technology and integration concepts for unattended unmanned systems. The proposed Phase I research will contribute to the engineering knowledge and understanding of the MAV trade space and, specifically, the effects of EH on UAV and MAV design. |
| TPL, Inc.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4484
Tim Trainor AF 08-096 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Energy Scavenging Micro Air Weapon |
| Abstract: | This project demonstrates an efficient power scavenging design for a Perching Micro Air Weapon, enabling the weapon to perch on high voltage transmission lines, such as along the electric transmission grid prior to final voltage step-down. The innovation of the perching air weapon design allows the system to recharge from a single, high-voltage transmission line. When perching on a high voltage line, the system senses the voltage gradient with the surrounding environment, selects the appropriate impedance, and monitors the recharging of the on-board energy storage. Energy scavenging from a single high voltage line is made possible by the innovation of a Corona Discharge Terminal, which lets current flow through use of the corona, or partial discharge effect. For the corona effect to work, the system will deploy a partial discharge terminal a distance of a few inches away from the transmission line so as to give the terminals electron exit points access to air existing in an area of less electric field strength. The current will be in the milliamp range, using corona/partial discharge from the transmission line. The generation system will be designed for high-voltage transmission lines from 5KV to 345KV.BENEFIT:This research and development has the commercial benefit of providing a ready source of power for remote, wireless sensors for applications in every facet of a public power grid. These sensors can monitor gas and skin temperature, gas pressure in high voltage circuit breakers, grid voltage levels, and equipment failure. The ability to remotely monitor these many properties guarantees the health of the power system, forestalling very expensive equipment failures and power outages. |
| AVID LLC
1750 Kraft Drive, Suite 1400 Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 961-0067
John Ohanian AF 08-097 Awarded: 6/8/2009 |
| Title: | Aerodynamic Control of Micro Air Weapons |
| Abstract: | AVID proposes to develop solid-state morphing control surface actuation technology. By solid-state, we imply that there are no servos, linkages, or moving parts other than the conformal shape change of the aerodynamic surfaces. Instead, piezoelectric Macro Fiber Composites (MFC) will be used to implement the morphing flight control capability. The morphing wing and control surfaces will be designed to attain sufficient lift coefficient and control moments to perform the required maneuver of a 90-degree turn from one 50 ft wide street to another. AVIDs proposed concept has several advantages over existing technology. The solid-state nature of this flight control actuation scheme allows for scalability to miniature sizes, as well as increases in overall reliability. The elimination of servos and linkages will reduce the overall volume necessary for flight control actuation, while an effort to optimize the electronic drive circuitry for the piezoelectric actuators could result in a net weight reduction. Wind tunnel tests from a current Phase II Air Force SBIR have shown MFC-based morphing control surfaces that have sufficient stroke to produce good variation in lift coefficient, sufficient force to hold the morphing deflection under high dynamic pressure loading, and the high bandwidth that is needed for flight control.BENEFITS:The anticipated outcome of this SBIR includes innovative research for developing solid-state morphing flight control actuation technologies demonstration of a prototype system a technology that can be applied to various airframes over a large range of scales Phase II plans for further development and commercialization Following a successful Phase II effort the solid-state morphing flight control actuation system will be made commercially available. AVID is well-positioned to market a final product which we feel has significant value to the military, homeland security applications, as well as positioned for commercial use. The new technology will offer the following benefits: More reliability elimination of servos and linkages will increase reliability of the overall system Space savings the conformal actuators will reduce overall storage volume, and aid in airframe integration Enabling technology the unique capabilities of the technology will enable an air platform that can meet the strict packaging constraints and maneuverability goals of this specific application This technology will be well positioned for micro munitions military use and lend themselves useful for commercial need such as security and search and rescue. All post-Phase II customers will significantly lower their overall costs and increase return on investment, allowing them to quickly adopt this technology and to fully benefit from the underlying innovation. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Information Technologies Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Daniel Bock AF 08-097 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Miniature Flight Actuator |
| Abstract: | To address the Air Force need for innovative actuators that will enable efficient flight control of microair vehicles (MAVs), Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Miniature Flight Actuator (MIFA). This proposed actuator is based on uniquely structured smart material stacks that function on their resonant modes. The MIFA will provide high driving power and large displacement (>40 mm) with a high torque (>20 Nm) in a miniature form factor (<2 cm^3 and 20 g) with low power consumption (down to 1 mW). The MIFA also has superior characteristics in terms of long operating life (>10 yr), low-cost implementation and maintenance (<$20/unit), the absence of parasitic magnetic fields, high resolution in position control, and compatibility with current systems. The innovation in novel use of the high-density actuator stacks and design of the actuator mechanism coupling to the shaft will enable the MIFA to reconfigure airframes of MAVs efficiently. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of MIFA by developing a working actuator that can change the flight surface characteristics of a model wing. In Phase II, POC plans to develop a full working prototype to show how MIFA controls MAV flight.BENEFIT:The commercialized MIFA will be useful in a broad range of civilian and commercial applications, including in-flight airframe reconfiguration of commercial MAVs for tracking suspects and vehicles, and search and rescue. It will also be used on military MAVs or UAVs in flight airframe reconfiguration. |
| System Dynamics
9116 SW 51st Road Suite 102 Gainesville, FL 32608 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-8035
Kevin Shortelle AF 08-097 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Aerodynamic Control of Micro Air Weapons |
| Abstract: | The U. S. Air Force has identified a need to develop innovative technologies which will enable overall miniaturization of micro air weapons (MAW) to allow such weapons to be sufficiently compact to accommodate diverse deployment scenarios. Miniaturization of the weapon airframe necessarily requires that airframe components be miniaturized to provide adequate volume for mission payloads. In particular, the Air Force has earmarked flight control actuation devices as critical components requiring miniaturization. The conventional approach for control surface actuation in small air vehicles has been the use of analog or digital servos mounted in the airframe fuselage. Control rods connect the servo horns to the air vehicles control surfaces to provide deflection forces in response to autopilot commands. Servos work effectively. However, they do occupy critical volume within the fuselage and can significantly contribute to air vehicle weight. If servos can be replaced with miniature-actuation devices within the fuselage, or more attractively, replaced with miniature actuators that can be embedded directly onto the control surface, both increased payload volume and reduced weight can be realized. Accordingly, the focus of this research is to identify and assess the applicability of innovative actuation technologies that afford MAW payload and weight benefits, yet still provide effective control surface deflection forces to reliably maneuver the air vehicle. Specifically, the research will address three alternative technologies. In each case, the force and bandwidth provided by an actuator representing each of these technologies shall be experimentally evaluated and quantified.BENEFIT:Several technological benefits will be derived from the successful completion of this Phase I research. Miniaturizing airframe size will be a paramount requirement due to the inevitable emergence of swarming MAVs for ISR missions or multiple MAWs for strike applications. To that end, exploiting technologies that afford embedding actuators directly onto the control surface or wing represents a key development milestone. By thoroughly evaluating three diverse technologies, the results of this Phase I program shall indentify the most viable embedded-actuator technology for near-term implementation on both military and commerical UAV platforms. |
| Techno-Sciences, Inc.
11750 Beltsville Drive 3rd Floor Beltsville, MD 20705 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(240) 790-0600
Curt Kothera AF 08-097 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Aerodynamic Control of Micro Air Weapons |
| Abstract: | Due to packaging and maneuverability concerns, micro air weapons development is leading towards smaller and more capable platforms. This miniaturization ultimately results in constraints of volume and energy for all systems onboard. Actuator technologies have thus been investigated to meet the needs of the changing system requirements. Significant research has gone into active material systems, such as piezoelectrics, and synthetic jets, but these advanced technologies have limited applicability. Conventional servo technology has also encountered concerns over miniaturization. As such, Techno-Sciences, Inc., in collaboration with the University of Maryland, proposes to develop a technology centered on pneumatic artificial muscle actuation. Building upon our extensive experience and related patent portfolio, we will perform analyses and detailed design work in Phase I of the project that will end with a prototype actuator demonstration. Phase II will be focused on further refinements and integration into functional hardware capable of wind tunnel demonstrations. BENEFIT: Throughout the Phase I effort and in preparation for Phase II, Techno-Sciences, Inc. will work in concert with Air Force sponsors to ensure that the proposed micro-actuator technology will have the potential for integration into existing and future micro air weapon systems. This technology can reach several markets including unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and micro air vehicles (MAVs) for search and rescue operations, package delivery, humanitarian aid, meteorological and atmospheric measurements, and diagnoses of biological or chemical spill environments. Additionally, the robotics industry and even the toy industry stand to benefit from this development. The final product of this technology will be an integrated hardware/software device that can be licensed for manufacture. |
| Energetic Materials & Products, Inc.
1413 Brandi Lane Round Rock, TX 78681 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 380-1992
Dennis Wilson AF 08-098 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Focused Miniature Ordnance Technologies |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes two technical objectives and a detailed work plan to demonstrate the fundamental mechanisms and capability that will enable a new technology base for focused miniature ordnance. The first technical objective is to develop and test a new multiphase blast explosive composition. This addresses the program goal for compact, high-energy-density munitions with a precisely controlled lethality radius. The second technical objective is to demonstrate a scalable, multifunctional kill concept. This addresses the program goal of a warhead capable of producing a predominately forward, focused, fragment field with the additional option for selectable enhanced blast or fragment effects for functional defeat of different target sets. This proposal leverages recent advances in developing a novel class of high-energy-density, modified explosives that are candidates for selectable effects munitions. The baseline composition consists of equal parts of nanometer and micrometer aluminum in a stoichimetric mixture with perfluoropolyether. It has a mass density of 2.1 g/cc and a total energy release of 34 kJ/cc. We will extend this baseline composition to mass densities of 5 g/cc and energy densities of 42 kJ/cc, while exploring innovative initiation schemes to achieve the overall program goals.BENEFIT:Examples of dual-use military and commercial applications, the proposed concept could be used for: (1) low collateral damage explosive defeat of IEDs and VBIEDs for domestic bomb squads or law enforcement operations; (2) novel energetic materials and initiation mechanisms for down-hole perforation operations in the oil production industry; and (3) controlled collateral effects for explosive demolition operations. |
| KOR Electronics
10855 Business Center Dr. Bldg. A Cypress, CA 90630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 898-8200
Bob Adams AF 08-098 Awarded: 6/9/2009 |
| Title: | Focused Miniature Ordnance Technologies |
| Abstract: | This proposal objective is to design a software based radar scene generator system capable of producing synthetic radar stimulus data. This system is termed the Synthetic Radar Scene Generator (SRSG) system. The SRSG will generate synthetic aperture radar target and clutter data for use by real time radar environment simulator (RES) systems. The synthetic scenes when executed on RES systems, will provide non-destructive functional testing of fuzing components. The SRSG generated data represents suitable terrain environments with user defined characteristics containing specific targets of interest while incorporating ballistic munitions trajectories for the simulated sensor platform motion. The Air Force needs an SRSG to create various scenes to evaluate next generation fuzing sensors against a diversity of targets. No generation system for this data in these formats exists. This SRSG will allow an operator to compose various scenes utilizing information from terrain data and target signature files. Various combinations of point targets or complex targets within typical backgrounds are required for synthetic scene environments. Military and civilian vehicles of all types are constantly being added to the list of potential targets that may be required to be included in a sensor evaluation.BENEFITS:The successful results of the current SBIR Phase I, and future Phase II, and Phase III efforts will have immediate applications with multiple simulation programs and test facilities within the US Military. The ability to generate large quantities of coherent radar signals on a PRI basis will allow radar, seeker, and full Integrated System Test Facilities (ISTFs) to verify and validate signal processing capabilities in the laboratory, years before they are fielded in weapons systems. Based on the amount of simultaneous signals, different applications of this technology will be achieved so as to reduce or eliminate expensive flight testing. The savings to the U.S. Government will be rapidly realized by the tremendously reduced need for costly flight tests. This research will be applicable across the spectrum of land, sea, and air applications. This work is also applicable and beneficial to the testing and validation of advanced weather radar. |
| Mainstream Engineering Corporation
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Alan H. Brothers AF 08-098 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Novel Thermite Composites for Precision Reactive Munitions |
| Abstract: | Mainstream will produce and test coupons of a novel reactive composite material designed to reduce the size and weight of modern munitions, and thereby improve mobility and precision, without sacrificing offensive power. This composite, based on unique component materials, will offer lower density, lower processing temperature, and higher strength than existing reactive composites. Like those, it will also provide a large amount of offensive power in the form of a shear/impact- or detonation-ignited thermite reaction. BENEFIT:It is expected that successful development of the proposed reactive materials will yield significant benefits to the U.S. armed services by enabling munitions with higher lethality, or conversely, with equivalent lethality but smaller size and weight, and hence better precision. Between the armed services and civilian sectors such as private military contract and security personnel, law enforcement, and even oil and mineral exploration and high-temperature thermochemistry, the market for a successful technology is expected to be very large. In addition to meeting the needs of these markets, the technology will help address concerns of the public regarding casualties to both U.S. and foreign noncombatants. |
| Mustang Technology Group, L.P.
400 W. Bethany Suite 110 Allen, TX 75013 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 359-2325
Dennis Jones AF 08-098 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Focused Miniature Ordnance Technologies |
| Abstract: | To develop conformal antennas for fuze sensors when the weapon nose is not available, Mustang Technology Group has identified several flush-mounted and low-profile antenna concepts to investigate and demonstrate during a Phase I program.BENEFIT: Conformal antenna technologies greatly extend the application of RF fuze sensors to weapons where the nose is not available for an antenna. The application would be in weapons across the Department of Defense. |
| REYNOLDS SYSTEMS, INC.
PO BOX 1229 18649 HWY 175 MIDDLETOWN, CA 95461 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(707) 928-5244
Chris Nance AF 08-098 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Focused Miniature Ordnance Technologies |
| Abstract: | In order to develop miniaturized weapon systems capable of defeating fleeing targets in urban environments safely, a new class of miniaturized initiator, ULEEFI (Ultra Low Energy Exploding Foil Initiator) is needed. The new initiator will need to be smaller, lighter and incorporate multi-functionality in the design. Legacy systems currently incorporate large, out-of-line safe and arm systems with many components (ie. initiators, PICS, leads and boosters). The interface between the safe and arm system and the warhead needs to be redefined based on todays technology. The next generation of firing system miniaturization will happen as sub-component technologies in the initiator are integrated or eliminated and EFI firing energy reduction is achieved. LEEFI initiators and their firing systems are shrinking in size and weight and offer superior safety and performance over traditional out-of-line systems. The LEEFI is capable of delivering timing accuracies, which allow multi-function output capabilities in the warhead design. Reynolds Systems LEEFI initiators employ the use of RSI-007 explosive, a CL-20 based explosive that was developed under a SBIR with the Navy. The RSI-007 has unique energy characteristics including short run up to full detonation and extreme energy density, making the explosive an excellent choice for compact weapon systems.BENEFIT:Although many versions of the LEEFI devices are now in production and many more are in development at RSI, the emphasis for this Phase 1 study shall be placed on designing a whole new class of initiator, which is smaller in size and weight and lower in energy requirements. This initiator would have its own high voltage switching technology. This initiator would also have sufficient output to either act as the warhead or directly initiate the main fill warhead without the need of intermediate energetics. It is anticipated that RSI will be able to demonstrate the initiator in Phase 1 by showing a decrease in firing energy of 20% from a current LEEFI (with a goal of 35%) and include a working on-chip switch capable of triggering the initiator. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Jonah McBride AF 08-099 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Collaborative Autonomy for Robots Using Signals of Opportunity (CARUSO) |
| Abstract: | Urban combat presents the warfighter with significant and complex challenges, especially when dealing with targets that are located deep within buildings and other structures. Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) have proven useful in providing remote reconnaissance for indoor environments and there has been recent interest in using these platforms to emplace micro-munitions for precision attacks on strategic targets. Indoor navigation and search is a challenging problem for tele-operated robots due to lack of situational awareness, especially since GPS signals are generally not available. Signals of opportunity such as TV, radio, cellular and 802.11 (WiFi) can penetrate structures and can potentially be leveraged for navigation. On this basis, we propose a system called Collaborative Autonomy for Robots Using Signals of Opportunity (CARUSO). This approach is based on the classic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) approach to navigation but uses several enhancements to improve performance. We also use signals of opportunity like WiFi to perform indoor geolocation comparable to GPS. Finally, CARUSO is designed to operate collaboratively between multiple platforms enabling data sharing and cooperative localization which enhances the overall navigational capabilities of the system. Our approach leverages the same methods that allow devices like the iPhone to self-localize without using GPS.BENEFIT:The proposed technology will have immediate applications for DoD customers who use mobile robots in both reconnaissance and munitions placement programs. In the private sector, cooperative navigation for mobile agents will be useful for fire departments (for search and rescue), bomb squads, and SWAT teams. SLAM capabilities will be applicable in almost every scenario where mobile robots can be of service including hospitals and warehouses. |
| Echo Ridge, LLC
11127 Elmview Place Great Falls, VA 22066 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 470-7885
John Carlson AF 08-099 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Indoor Mapping and Geolocation Using Signals of Opportunity and Cooperative SLAM |
| Abstract: | Echo Ridge and partner Argon ST, propose to simulate and characterize the performance of a navigation solution that combines state-of-the-art advances in Signals of Opportunity (SoOP) based navigation with SLAM techniques. The team will apply a novel approach of utilizing heterogeneous SoOPs that are typically unsynchronized, to jointly compute location, mapping, and SoOP timing. The algorithms described herein are what the team refers to as SMARTS (Simultaneous Mapping And Relative Timing using SoOPs). Furthermore, no restrictions are placed on the types of SoOPs used for navigation, which may range from analog FM waveforms to wideband digital signals such as cellular base station or digital TV transmissions. The performance of the algorithms will be characterized through MATLAB simulations as a function of incrementally sophisticated instrumentation and measurement capability. The simulation testbed will be developed as an add-on to Echo Ridges MATLAB GUI-based DIGSim geolocation performance prediction software tool, developed under a previous AF SBIR. A prototype SLAM agent design will be developed, along with lab and field test plans which are to be carried out during Phase II to validate the performance predicted during Phase I.BENEFIT:This SBIR topic brings together two very different, yet complementary engineering fields that often do not intersect, and offers exciting new advances in commercial applications that have received little, if any research attention. The abundance of widely available SoOP RF signals, when used for navigation in the context of SLAM, offer a rich source of navigation beacons that could be used to guide robotic and mobile devices. This reduces the dependency on high-cost optical systems as a primary guidance mechanism, and may serve to propel new applications for cost-effective robotics in areas such as remote and/or hazardous mobile applications such as bomb disposal, search and rescue operations, and border security. Echo Ridge plans to seek out partners during the Phase II and III periods that offer a mature product line in robotics on which this technology could be commercialized. Furthermore, research dedicated to the emerging field of SoOP navigation has many obvious commercial applications for providing high accuracy geolocation of mobile devices in GPS-denied areas, which is an acute problem for commercial wireless service providers and public sector emergency responders. Performance of GPS in wireless handsets is very poor indoors and in dense urban areas. The need spans a number of different services areas including emergency response E911, enterprise services (VZNavigator/GPS, others) and consumer services (Chaperone Family Locator, others). Through our partnership with Andrew Corporation, Echo Ridge has first-hand knowledge of the nature of the needs, and potential market opportunity for a viable solution. Echo Ridge plans to use the results of the SBIR to address this commercial market need. The results of the work proposed by Echo Ridge under this effort will produce a reference design and a substantiation of achievable field results (through the Phase II activities). |
| Q-Track Corporation
515 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 489-0075
Hans Schantz AF 08-099 Awarded: 6/12/2009 |
| Title: | AM Broadcast Signal-of-Opportunity Location Device |
| Abstract: | Q-Track has identified the AM broadcast band as the most promising choice for a signal- of-opportunity to improve navigation in GPS denied areas. We propose an asynchronous time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) architecture using classical direction finding (DF) to resolve the integer ambiguity in phase comparison between AM band broadcast signals. This architecture will also be able to support a high accuracy location system using cooperative low-power beacons using Near-Field Electromagnetic Ranging (NFER). We will develop a preliminary RF and system architecture as well as DF and TDOA algorithms. In Phase I, Q-Track will assess the feasibility of the architecture and the accuracy of the algorithms in the context of real-world measurements of noise and propagation of AM broadcast signals in urban environments. Finally, Q-Track will figure out how our existing AM-band Locator-Receivers might be modified to implement an asynchronous TDOA and DF signal-of-opportunity handheld location device for Phase II. Q-Tracks extensive experience in developing high precision AM-broadcast band Locator-Receivers and in developing compact, high-efficiency antenna systems for handheld and body-mounted applications, helps reduce technical risk and ensure that the project is well-positioned for a successful Phase II prototype system.BENEFITS:The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24-32 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites to provide location and navigation information to benefit not only our military but also the private sector. GPS signals, however, are not available indoors, in urban canyons, and in dense foliage. This proposal envisions an ancillary navigation and system to provide location capability in GPS-denied areas. Beyond the military benefit (including redundancy), the civilian sector can also benefit from such technology. Examples include firefighters, SWAT teams, sewer workers, and urban vehicles. |
| Sigtem Technology, Inc.
1343 Parrott Drive San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 312-1132
Chun Yang AF 08-099 Awarded: 6/3/2009 |
| Title: | Indoor Mapping and Geolocation Enabler: Network Exploration of SOOP and Cooperative SLAM Technology |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an enabling technology for indoor mapping and geolocation based on innovative integration of cooperative simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) and network exploitation of signals of opportunity (SOOP) technology (NEST). The SLAM is an emerging technology that enables a mobile robot (a SLAM agent) placed at an unknown location in an unknown environment to incrementally build a consistent map of this environment while simultaneously determine its location within this map. However, by itself, the SLAM only produces a local map in the mobile agents coordinate frame. Besides, it is a lengthy process for a single SLAM agent to survey a large complex. The use of cooperative SLAM agents not only speeds up the map building process but also enables network exploitation of signals of opportunity for geolocation in GPS-denied environment. In this project, we will consider long-range signals of opportunity such as the field and/or segment sync codes in digital TV transmissions and short-range signals of opportunity such as the beacon frames from IEEE 802.11 WLAN access points. In addition of the design of SOOP receivers, we will focus on the data link transceivers, which will not only allow for coordination of actions and data exchange to local maps fusion but also enable the generation of differential ranges between cooperative agents to a common SOOP source and the estimation of clock offset and relative ranges between the cooperative agents. In Phase I, the proposed concepts will be formulated, analyzed, and simulated in computer for performance prediction and engineering tradeoff. The Phase I approach will be translated into hardware/software prototyping in Phase II for testing and demonstration.BENEFITS:When successful, the proposed research will produce an indoor mapping and geolocation capability in areas where GPS is not available. This will have great potentials in many military, homeland security, search and rescue, and commercial applications alike for positioning and navigation in urban and indoor environments, robotics, and mapping. |
| Toyon Research Corp.
6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Kenan O. Ezal AF 08-099 Awarded: 3/31/2009 |
| Title: | Indoor Cooperative MAV Navigation using Signals of Opportunity |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to determine the feasibility of developing a cooperative indoor navigation framework using signals of opportunity (SoOP). SoOP- aided navigation (SAN) will rely on signals such as those being emitted by WiFi and WiMAX access points and routers. A SoOP sensor design with direction-finding (DF) capability will be developed and its angle of arrival accuracy evaluated. The cooperative navigation system will be compatible with Toyons plug-and-play Software-Defined Navigation(TM) architecture that enables on-the-fly changes to the sensor mixture. The SoOP/DF sensor will be incrementally augmented with alternative sensors such an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a camera. The performance of each sensor configuration will be evaluated. Communication bandwidth and network topology requirements will be determined. A roadmap for developing the system hardware and software will be identified in preparation for a Phase II demonstration.BENEFIT:The cooperative SoOP- aided navigation (SAN) system will permit accurate navigation under GPS-denied conditions and is applicable to both indoor and outdoor missions. All civilian and military navigation platforms with severe size, weight and power (SWAP) constraints are potential hosts for the proposed cooperative navigation system. These include ground- based and aerial unmanned vehicles, robots, and farming systems. |
| Calmar Optcom, Inc.
755 N. Pastoria Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 733-7800
Beom Soo Soh AF 08-101 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Ultrafast Laser System for Drilling and Inspecting Cooling Holes |
| Abstract: | Need to workBENEFIT:Need to work |
| Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc.
1855 South 57th Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 544-9068
Sterling Backus AF 08-101 Awarded: 3/17/2009 |
| Title: | Ultrafast Laser System for Drilling and Inspecting Straight and Shaped Cooling Holes |
| Abstract: | Machining cooling holes in turbine fan blades is non-trivial. Blades and vanes are made from superalloys and coated with thermal barrier coatings (TBC) to survive extreme temperatures after the combustion section of a jet engine. Classical methods such as EDM or nanosecond laser micromachining have serious drawbacks in the size of hole and the amount of collateral damage to the surrounding material, such as spatter, cracking and delamination of the TBC. Femtosecond lasers on the other hand have been shown to greatly reduce this collateral damage and can make very small holes and/or shaped holes. With this in mind it is important be able to monitor the hole formation during the machining process. In this work we propose to investigate coupling a 100kHz, 40fs (20- 400uJ) laser system with a real time OCT measurement to produce clean shaped holes in superalloys and TBCs. We will also experiment with pulses ranging from 150fs to 30fs, as we believe shorter pulses lead to cleaner machining.BENEFIT:If successful, this project will open up a new method for micromachining cooling holes in jet engine fan blades, with the ability to reliably monitor the machining process. This Phase I is important for laying the foundation of experiment and theory in order to demonstrate the full capability of the micromachining apparatus as well as the laser system, and OCT detection scheme that is necessary for a commercial tool, which would not only benefit the DOD, but the research community . |
| PolarOnyx, Inc
470 Lakeside Drive, Suite F Sunnyvale, CA 94085 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 245-9588
Jian Liu AF 08-101 Awarded: 3/16/2009 |
| Title: | Ultrafast Fiber Laser System for Drilling and Inspecting Straight and Shaped Cooling Holes |
| Abstract: | Based on our success in developing the world first commercial 100 micro Joule fs fiber laser system and our leading technology development in ultrafast pulsed fiber laser, PolarOnyx proposes, for the first time, a fs-high power (100 W), high energy (>1mJ) and tunable repetition rate (100kHz 2 MHz) fiber laser hole drilling and inspecting system to meet with the requirement of the solicitation AF 08-101. It is incorporating our proprietary technology of pulse shaping, beam shaping, spectral shaping and polarization shaping. These will make the fiber laser hole drilling and inspecting system superior in terms of throughput, size, and cost. A table top demonstration of the proposed laser system will be given in Phase I. Experiment on hole drilling and inspecting will be carried out as well. BENEFIT:The proposed high energy fs-100W mJ fiber laser micromachining system can be used in many military applications, such as micromachining, space, aircraft, and satellite applications, laser weapons, and target designation and illumination. PolarOnyx will develop a series of products to meet various requirements for military deployments. With successful development of the laser, the technology proposed by PolarOnyx will provide a vital tool to solve the existing and potential issues and merge with the huge markets including Material processing. This includes (1) all types of metal processing such as welding, cutting, annealing, and drilling; (2)semiconductor and microelectronics manufacturing such as lithography, inspection, control, defect analysis and repair, and via drilling; (3) marking of all materials including plastic, metals, and silicon; (4) other materials processing such as rapid prototyping, desk top manufacturing, micromachining, photofinishing, embossed holograms, and grating manufacturing. Medical equipment and biomedical instrumentation. The high power amplifier/laser can be applied to ophthalmology, refractive surgery, photocoagulation, general surgery, therapeutic, imaging, and cosmetic applications. Biomedical instruments include those involved in cells or proteins, cytometry, and DNA sequencing; laser Raman spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and ablation; and laser based microscopes. |
| Spectral Energies, LLC
2513 Pierce Ave. Ames, IA 50010 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 266-9570
Sivaram P. Gogineni AF 08-101 Awarded: 3/18/2009 |
| Title: | Femtosecond Temporal Pulse Shaping and Spectroscopy for Drilling and Inspecting Straight and Shaped Cooling Holes |
| Abstract: | Laser micromachining is being widely used in every industry, including aerospace, automobile, microelectronics and bio-technology. The recent advent of commercial turn- key, high power femtosecond lasers has prompted a great amount of interest in using femtosecond lasers for machining. It has been demonstrated that the femtosecond laser has potential for achieving high precision owing to its extremely confined heat-affected zone. The objective of the proposed research is to develop a novel femtosecond laser micromachining technology based on temporally-shaped femtosecond pulses for DoD and other applications, including drilling shaped film-cooling holes in turbine blades. In these femtosecond pulses, the temporal shape and energy of each pulse, and the pulse-to- pulse separation time are all designed and adjusted at a time scale from femtosecond to nanosecond to overcome common problems associated with laser machining and maximize the machining speed. We will also implement diagnostic techniques to provide a feedback for process monitoring and laser parameter control. This will be based on laser- plasma emission for identifying materials and machining rates. In this project, we will focus on optimizing the pulse shapes for machining of film-cooling holes in turbine blades. However, the technique to be developed is generally applicable for machining a wide variety of other materials.BENEFIT:The proposed technology will have large impact on DoD applications such as drilling shaped film-cooling holes in turbine blades and other areas require high precision micro-machining. The proposed technology will also have commercial applications where laser diagnostics and associated hardware and software are extensivey used (e.g. academic and research institutions). |
| Spectral Energies, LLC
2513 Pierce Ave. Ames, IA 50010 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-3115
Sukesh Roy AF 08-102 Awarded: 3/19/2009 |
| Title: | 3D Tomographic Reconstruction of Flow Fields for Spatio-Temporal Resolved Measurements in Augmentors |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative sensor technology that combines a high-bandwidth Time- Division Multiplexing laser system along with a 3D tomographic reconstruction model to provide spatially and temporally resolved 3D temperature and H2O concentration image of the flow field at data rate of 50 kHz. The primary objective of this Phase-I research effort is to perform the feasibility study of 3D tomographic reconstruction of temperature and H2O concentration in chemically reacting flows using a state-of-the art high bandwidth time-domain multiplexed (TDM) sensor. A unique 3D tomographic reconstruction model will be developed and used in conjunction with multiple beams to obtain coarse temperature images. The 3D tomographic model we propose to develop is very unique due to its ability to deal with large number of grid points or unknowns without apriori knowledge of the flow field. A key attribute of the proposed solution is the use of advanced hyperspectral sources (rather than diode lasers) to monitor H2O absorption features. Despite using absorption spectroscopy for determining the temperature and H2O concentration from hyperspectral TDM sensors, this technology is fundamentally different from typical diode laser-based absorption sensors and has many advantages, specifically, allowing the acquisition of many spectral windows (instead of specific spectral lines) covering wide spectral range at very high speeds (>10 kHz, typically 50 kHz) and thereby providing better temperature accuracy and power spectral density (PSD) functions. This feasibility study will pave the way for designing the optimum source for the implementation in an augmentor test stand dictated by AFRL scientists during the Phase-II research effort along with user-friendly software for tomographic reconstruction of the flow field.BENEFIT:Development of a compact, hyperspectral imaging sensor system along with a 3D tomographic reconstruction model that provides high temporal and moderate spatial resolution will enable engine manufacturers to monitor the combustion processes and relevant dynamical phenomena at realistic operating conditions for the first time. This capability is particularly critical for the design and modeling of advanced, ultra-compact, low-emission, gas turbine engines and for development of real-time combustion-control strategies. This technology will yield significant payoffs in military and commercial aviation as well as land- and sea-based power generation. The hyperspectral source that will be used in this research effort will also have broad impacts in biological imaging, remote sensing, microscopy, and other applications that require high-speed such as pulsed magnetic fields research. In particular, the sensor is likely to become important for next-generation swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging of biological samples, opening the door to new medical applications. |
| Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc.
8940 Old Annapolis Road Suite L Columbia, MD 21045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 884-3266
Richard Joklik AF 08-103 Awarded: 3/13/2009 |
| Title: | Improved Two-Phase Model for JP-8 and Alternative Fuels |
| Abstract: | Augmentor stability is a major issue for the design of reliable engines over a broad range of operating conditions. The stability of the combustion process in augmentors is a result of the interaction between the unsteady fluid mechanics around the flameholder, finite- rate chemistry, and the physics of fuel spray formation, transport, and evaporation. In order to accurately model spray combustion of liquid fuels in combustion devices such as aircraft gas turbine combustors and augmentors, improved sub-models for spray formation and multicomponent evaporation are needed. Recently developed evaporation models use continuous thermodynamics (CT) to accurately describe the behavior of multicomponent fuels through the use of distribution functions that require only a few additional variables to describe real multicomponent fuels rather than the n variables (n is the number of fuel components) needed using a discrete approach, and thus have the potential for inclusion in commercial CFD at reasonable computational expense. Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc. (CSE) proposes to develop and demonstrate a methodology to unite a state-of-the-art CT sub-model for multicomponent evaporation with an accurate chemical kinetic model for real fuel combustion, and to implement this methodology in a commercial CFD code for use in solving practical combustor design issues.BENEFIT:An important product from this project will be a sub-model package for CFD codes that couples a multicomponent evaporation model with reduced kinetics for the simulation of reacting sprays. This product will make simulation of multicomponent liquid fueled combusti |