MDA - 150 Phase I Selections from the 08.3 Solicitation

---------- MDA ----------

150 Phase I Selections from the 08.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

Management Sciences, Inc. 6022 Constitution Avenue NE Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 255-8611 Kenneth Blemel MDA 08-001 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Sentient Connectors for Enhanced, Integration, Test, and Mission Assurance
Abstract:	The MDA SBIR organization encourages exploiting of technologies to meet critical requirements. MSI, working with Deutsch, a leading connector manufacturer, has developed a new mil-spec electrical cabling connector with an integral electronics suite called the “Sentient Connector”, made with fiber composites. In a 2007 MDA SBIR MSI engineers developed and demonstrated a software application that runs in the Sentient Connector for configuration managed safety and integrity assurance of MDA missiles and support systems. We propose new research to exploit the features of the Sentient Connector to create a new cabling and harness connector that will survive in the tough Interceptor environment and provide revolutionary value added functions that reduce production and life cycle costs through support of configuration management, signal monitoring, test instrumentation, ambiguity reduction for troubleshooting, training, mission reliability, integration and mission surety.

NanoTechLabs Inc. 409 W. Maple St. Yadkinville, NC 27055
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 849-7474 Richard Czerw MDA 08-001 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Cabling Architecture and Mechanisms
Abstract:	The object of this Phase I program is develop missile cable shielding based on carbon nanotube papers (buckypapers). Current metal shielding imposes a severe weight penalty, and the shielded cables are rigid and difficult to route. Therefore, it is critical to develop non-metallic cable shielding to provide protection from electromagnetic fields at reduced weight and with increased cable flexibility. NanoTechLabs Inc. has optimized buckypaper products to enhance processability with various resin systems that can be used for cable shielding materials in missile systems and provide the required shielding performance.

SA Photonics 650 5th Street Suite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 James Coward MDA 08-001 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Cabling Architecture and Mechanisms
Abstract:	The current integrated missile harness fairing assembly (IMHFA) is thick, heavy and hard to maintain due to the large number of copper signal and power cables involved. SA Photonics’ LightCables architecture replaces all signal cables with one or more fiber optic cables terminated by a signal multiplexer/demultiplexer for the Interceptor’s modular component interconnections. The LightCable offers reliable and flexible signal connectivity of analog, digital and RF signals and significantly reduces the size and weight of the IMHFA.

Arete Associates P.O. Box 2607 Winnetka, CA 91396
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 651-6756 James T. Murray MDA 08-002 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High Efficiency Athermalized Gain Module
Abstract:	Range-Resolved Doppler Imaging (RRDI) ladar has been singled out as the most promising advanced discrimination technology to augment existing advanced seekers on board MDA missile interceptors. Efforts are underway to develop compact RRDI ladar seekers to test against objective decoys and targets. These programs face many technical challenges, and there success hinges on parallel developments in advanced compact, high-power, near diffraction limited coherent solid-state lasers. Areté Associates proposes a highly innovative monolithic amplifier configuration that eliminates major technical barriers associated with legacy approaches. This novel approach enables high average power scaling of the objective advanced discrimination ladar transmitter waveform in a compact and rugged package that is compatible with the requirements of the delivery platform. The proposed amplifier architecture elegantly solves traditional efficiency roadblocks by minimizing parasitic losses due to amplified spontaneous emission, excited state absorption, indirect optical pumping, and laser diode thermal management. The use of advanced ultra-transparent ceramic composite materials enables power scaling to objective average powers of 500 W without levying harsh penalties on the packaging weight and volume.

QmagiQ, LLC 22 Cotton Road Unit H, Suite 180 Nashua, NH 03063
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 821-3092 Axel Reisinger MDA 08-002 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	DISCRIMINATING DECOYS FROM MISSILE TARGETS BY ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH MULTI-COLOR INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS
Abstract:	A precise measurement of a target’s temperature and emissivity will enhance a missile seeker’s ability to discriminate between harmless decoys and lethal payloads, thereby improving the effectiveness of the nation’s antiballistic missile defense systems. We propose to apply multi-color infrared radiometry to solve this problem. How sensitive is the technique to the target emissivity in each infrared band? To any background radiation? What are the minimum number of bands required? We will address these questions by developing algorithms and validate them by conducting experiments with QmagiQ’s existing 320x256 midwave/longwave dualband infrared camera on a variety of targets. In Phase 2, we will develop a minimum 4-color radiometric camera for measuring temperature and emissivity with greater precision.

Voxtel Inc. 12725 SW Millikan Way Suite 230 Beaverton, OR 97005
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(971) 223-5646 Andrew Huntington MDA 08-002 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Interceptor Seekers
Abstract:	A radiation-hard, 1064-nm sensitive, single-photon-sensitive avalanche photodiode (APD) detector with photon detection efficiency (PDE) and dark count rate (DCR) superior to state-of-the-art Geiger-mode APDs, and with two orders of magnitude faster maximum count rate (MCR) will be developed. Geiger APDs are constrained by a fundamental tradeoff between DCR and MCR: if the APD is cooled to reduce DCR, then its dead time must increase to avoid afterpulsing, thereby reducing MCR. Linear APDs are not subject to this constraint, and so can be operated with dead times on the order of 250 ps. This improvement in MCR translates into a proportional improvement in single photon bit rate. Voxtel has previously demonstrated a multi-stage InGaAs APD design with high gain and low avalanche noise. In this effort, the dark count rate of the multi-stage APD will be improved by using InGaAsP gain stages to replace the existing oxygen-scavenging InAlAs materials. The improved multi-stage APDs will be demonstrated to have high gain (>1,000), low jitter (<20 ps), high saturation (>108 photon), and with low DCR (< 10 kHz) at temperatures >220 K, so that in Phase II, fully functional 32 × 32 LADAR arrays can fabricated and demonstrated.

Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. 2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-1877 Christopher D MDA 08-003 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Structural Battery for Interceptor Kill Vehicle
Abstract:	CRG is proposing to study the design of a structural battery. Such a design accomplishes two tasks. It combines two components, eliminating weight. Second, it reduces volume. Drawing parallels to automotive racing, this allows for placing mission-critical hardware where desired or taking advantage of lower space requirements. CRG will start out with a paper study of the materials and manufacturing methods available to make structural batteries. This will then be used to determine candidate structures for the analysis phase of the proposed effort. This film battery samples provided by a third party will be tested to determine effective properties of the batteries structure that will be used in the analysis. The properties of these samples wil be used to construct finite element models for structural analysis. Structural analysis will render results that show which structural battery configurations work best for a given situation. The last step in the process will be to start a study of different substrates that will enable stronger/stiffer/lighter structures. Most of the portion of this effort is expected to be accomplished on paper and in computational space with physical implementation taking Phase II.

NanoSonic, Inc. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 J. H. Lalli MDA 08-003 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	RadHard-Morphing-Sensing SuperSkins for Interceptor Kill Vehicles with Enhanced Lethality
Abstract:	NanoSonic has recently developed nanostructured, large area (3’ x 10’) Shape Memory Metal Rubber™ (SM-MR™), a highly flexible, shielding, morphing ballistic defense missile super skin. NanoSonic would develop advanced synergistic morphing-sensing-shielding materials for interceptor kill vehicle structures and as key enablers for state-of-the-art adaptive UAV, missile and munitions airframes, corresponding adaptive flight control systems, and deployable space structures. Next generation adaptive missiles and munitions demand multifunctional materials that do not currently exist; which must simultaneously enable highly compact, stowable and morphing wings, with built-in sensing of stress, strain, skin surface shear stress, and ambient static pressure. NanoSonic’s multifunctional SM-MR™ and negative index Meta-Rubber™ shall ultimately result in structures that would enable sensing, optical and shielding technologies integrated into an advanced munitions super skin. The ultra-lightweight (< 0.99 g/cc) wide service temperature range (-75ºC to 450ºC) deployable wings would result in exoatmosphere KVs with significantly enhanced speed and agility for enhanced lethality. The integral sensors would concurrently monitor dynamic operational environmental conditions such as temperature, acoustic levels, maneuvering shock and vibration loads for on-the-fly reconfiguration. SM-MR™ wireless sensing super skins shall be demonstrated in simulated KV environments (HAENS level 2 and wind tunnel) during Phase I to reach TRL 6.

Powdermet Inc. 24112 Rockwell drive Euclid, OH 44117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 404-0053 Brian P. Doud MDA 08-003 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	S-ComP Synergistic Structures for Advanced Kill Vehicle
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I program is designed to demonstrate feasibility for producing high strength,low density aluminum-magnesium alloy syntactic composite which is comprised of roughly 50V% LiBH4 radiation adsorbing fillers Feasibility will be demonstrated through the production of multifunction structural radiation shielding and completing initial shielding and mechanical properties demonstration testing.

San Diego Composites, Inc. 9550 Ridgehaven Ct San Diego, CA 92123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 751-0450 Gary Wonacott MDA 08-003 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Synergistic Structures for Interceptor Kill Vehicle Solid Rocket Propulsion
Abstract:	Even though kinetic kill vehicles have decreased in size, there is potential to reduce the size further by the integration the subsystem structures and enclosures into the overall KV structure. The integration of propellant vessel cases into the structural backbone of the KV is one method to eliminate redundant structure. For the Phase I proposal, San Diego Composites, Inc has teamed with another small business to provide a synergetic propulsion section for next generation miniature kill vehicles. The objective of the Phase I program is to integrate miniaturized solid rocket motor propulsion technology and the KV structure by direct application of tailored lightweight composite materials onto the propulsion section, thus forming the KV structure. Additionally, an increase in packaging density will be investigated by tailoring the cross sectional shape of the propulsion motors to increase the cross sectional area and therefore, reduce the propulsion subsystem length.

IST-Rolla 11560 Forest Lakes Drive Rolla, MO 65401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(573) 429-6931 Michael Dancer MDA 08-004 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	New Estimation and Guidance Algorithms for Use against Maneuvering Targets in Uncertain Environments
Abstract:	This proposal will develop new filter and guidance algorithms and demonstrate their effectiveness in a 6 degrees-of-freedom missile-target simulator. The new algorithms for the filters will be based on a)optimal estimation b)sliding mode c) neural networks and d)partcle filters. The guidance algorithms will be based on a)optimal guidance and b)sliding mode. Preliminary promising results on chosen techniques for demonstration. These methods will be tested for their robutness to estimation delay, target''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s evasive maneuvers and uncertainties in models and noise. The engagement scenarios will include the boost phase and the exoatmospheric phase.

Optimal Synthesis Inc. 95 First Street Suite 240 Los Altos, CA 94022
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 559-8585 P. K. Menon MDA 08-004 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Next-Generation Target State Estimation Algorithms for the Interception of Maneuvering Ballistic Missiles
Abstract:	Ballistic target interception requires extremely high accuracy with a sub-meter level miss distance due to the need to achieve kinetic kill. Since the task is even more challenging when the target performs unpredictable maneuvers, highly accurate state estimators are indispensable for successful ballistic target interception. The proposed research will employ a nonlinear dynamic model capable of reproducing a wide variety of target motions, including intelligent evasive maneuvers for estimator development. A realistic seeker model including non-Gaussian noise sources will be included in the formulation. Advanced estimation techniques such as the particle filter and its variations will be considered to deal with highly nonlinear/non-Gaussian system properties induced by the seeker sensor model and nonlinear state/parameter filter dynamics. Phase I research will develop an advanced filtering algorithm along with the formulation of a realistic seeker sensor model, and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed online estimation strategy to be applied to the tracking of a maneuvering ballistic target. Phase II research will expand on the estimation strategy and its simulation software implementation developed during the Phase I. More emphasis will be put on the integrated interception strategy including guidance and control during the Phase II.

FMW Composite Systems, Inc. 1200 W. Benedum Industrial Drive Bridgeport, WV 26330
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 904-4333 Sesh Tamirisakandala MDA 08-005 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS)
Abstract:	FMW Composite Systems, Inc., in collaboration with Aerojet (OEM), proposes to develop nano-enhanced titanium alloy components for advanced light weight Divert and attitude control systems (DACS), which are capable of replacing current materials to achieve improved performance, net weight reductions, improve producibility, improve reliability, and lower cost. A plan of approach will be developed using design, experimental, modeling and simulation tools. The proof-of-concept will be demonstrated by fabricating an article out of a selected nano-enhanced titanium alloy using an affordable process leader. Test coupons will be produced and characterized for relevant properties to demonstrate the performance. Preliminary manufacturability analysis and design trade studies will be performed to assess the benefits over the baseline.

Ultramet 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Arthur J. Fortini MDA 08-005 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Lightweight, Low-Cost Ceramic Matrix Composite Combustion Chambers for DACS
Abstract:	In this project, Ultramet will design, build, and hot-fire test a lightweight, low-cost, high- temperature 5-lbf combustion chamber. The system will be designed for the AF-315 family of monopropellants, which have specific impulse values ranging from 263 to 288 sec, and the combustion chamber material will be based on Ultrametâ€™s proven zirconium- silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) technology. This material system allows the zirconium carbide-to-silicon carbide ratio in the matrix to be adjusted, thus enabling the material to be optimized for different combustion environments. To date, Ultramet CMC chambers have been hot-fire tested with both O2/H2 (flame temperature of ~3000Â°C) and AF-315e. Ultramet will work closely with a leading supplier of spacecraft propulsion systems that will provide the chamber design and perform hot-fire testing with AF-315e. The fabrication process and the survivability of the material system will be demonstrated in Phase I. Phase II will include longer duration testing of the Phase I chamber to quantify life margin with respect to MDA mission requirements, and it will include design, fabrication, and testing of a chamber in the 100-lbf thrust class suitable for high accelerations and high-velocity change applications. It is anticipated that Phase II chambers will be tested with an AF-315 blend (for MDA applications) and with Earth- storable bipropellants (for commercial applications).

Valley Tech Systems 129 N. Cloverdale Blvd #5 Cloverdale, CA 95425
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(707) 696-5354 Russell Carlson MDA 08-005 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Innovative Controllable Solid Propulsion Technology
Abstract:	Valley Tech Systems has designed a new controllable solid propulsion technology that has increased system level performance and mass fraction. The technology is called Propellant Control or (P-Con, Patent Pending). This technology eliminates the needs for bulky and power hungry pintle thrusters and increases nozzle expansion ratios significantly drastically reducing system cost while improving delivered thrust performance. The technology also provides improved controllability and thrust accuracy. In addition the technology contains inherent insensitive munitions capability and eliminates the needs for pyrogen igniters.

GC Holdings, Inc. 1220 Page Ave. Fremont, CA 94538
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 438-7524 William K. Bischel MDA 08-006 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Compact Fiber Optic Gyroscope for Tactical Applications
Abstract:	This proposal will use a state-of-the-art hybrid-optical engine chip developed under a previous MDA sponsored SBIR Phase II project (HQ0006-07-C-7314) to assemble a complete prototype of a compact Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope (IFOG). An IFOG test bed will be developed and system performance parameters will be measured for the optical engine chip. A comparison between model and experiment will be used to optimize the optical engine chip design in Phase II.

Sanstek Inc. 25400 US 19 North Suite 240 CLearwater, FL 33763
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(727) 560-3167 Edgard Spencer MDA 08-006 Awarded: 3/30/2009
Title:	Interceptor Avionics
Abstract:	Avionic systems currently used within the interceptor segment continue to carry a high development and deployment price tag. Bulky configurations with heavier than necessary subsystems and components limit the range and missions they can be directed to. Present and future threats demand orders of magnitude higher performance and bandwidths from computing and electronics systems while operating hostile radiation type environments. The real and present challenge is to equip interceptor and missile systems with high performance avionics modules capable of fulfilling a broad range of missions while meeting radiation and space environmental requirements conforming as well to cost, power, weight, and volume constraints. The opportunity and innovative approach for addressing the above challenge is the implementation of low cost, compact, high performance Commercial‐Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) processing systems, components, and fault detection/correction algorithms ‐ architected and enhanced for optimal operation in radiation prone environments. Leveraging work and results from Dependable Multiprocessor (DM) efforts; adapting and optimizing fault detection and correction algorithms; selecting low power ‐ Giga‐Hertz capable processing nodes; implementing electronics least susceptible to SEU events; and, by deriving a multi‐node, multiprocessor, redundant, distributive network architecture, will lead to the specification and development of the Next Generation Rad‐Tolerant COTS Flight Processing System.

Space Micro Inc. 10401 Roselle Street Ste. 400 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 332-0701 David R. Czajkowski MDA 08-006 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Lightweight, Reprogrammable Two Way Communications Avionics
Abstract:	Interceptor communication avionics are challenging to build due to a number of factors, including surviving the MDA-STD-001 radiation environment, small size, multiple frequency bands and an operational fading channel environment due to potential perturbations by nuclear weapons. Communication links are required to be available between the Ballistic Missile Defense System Fire Control (the ground), interceptors and satellite links. Interceptors can also be comprised of Carrier Vehicles (CV) and Kill Vehicles (KV), creating multiple links in the system. Further complicating the scenario is the desire to use multiple frequency bands, such as C-, X-, and Ka-bands. Space Micro has developed unique and critically important technologies that solve all of these issues simultaneously, when combined with other industry standard interceptor/satellite design practices can provide a reprogrammable, radiation hardened, interceptor grade communications transponder. This platform, which we call the μSDRT (software defined radio transponder), can be used as a multi-band, multi-waveform transponder that is capable of receiving DoD communications waveforms from all points in the interceptors communication scenario simultaneously, such as receiving ground communications on a C-Band link at the CV and transmitting Ka-Band communications from the CV to the KV.

Ultramet 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Timothy R. Stewart MDA 08-007 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Low-Cost, Ultrahigh Temperature Zero-Erosion Ceramic Matrix Composite for SM-3 TDACS Pintles and Throats
Abstract:	Future performance goals for ballistic missile defense systems necessitate the development of zero-erosion throat materials for boost and tactical solid rocket motors. Increasing demands imposed by advanced solid propellants used in systems such as throttling diverter and attitude control systems (TDACS) require zero-erosion materials for pintles and throats capable of surviving an ultrahigh temperature thermal, chemical, and mechanical environment. Use of robust materials with broad operational capability leads to simpler and lower cost designs. With application and design support provided by Aerojet and thermomechanical modeling and erosion prediction provided by Materials Research & Design, Ultramet will develop ceramic matrix composite materials using its low cost melt infiltration process for a TDACS component that can be used with aluminized and nonaluminized propellants. Tantalum carbide is the current material of choice for use with aluminized propellants, whereas materials including hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten, and rhenium have been demonstrated with lower temperature, nonaluminized propellant systems. Ultramet will develop a high-toughness, fiber-reinforced tantalum- hafnium carbide ceramic alloy matrix composite for use with both propellant types using a low cost melt infiltration manufacturing process.

Utron Kinetics, LLC 9441 Innovation Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 369-5552 Karthik MDA 08-007 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High Pressure Compacted Non-Eroding Throats for Controllable Axial Upper Stages
Abstract:	In response to MDA’s needs for non-eroding throats for controllable axial upper stages , UTRON proposes an innovative near net shape fabrication technology called High Pressure Combustion Driven Powder Compaction (CDC) with tremendous potential for cost-effective manufacturing of advanced cermet type of alloys of ceramics such as micro/nano HfC, HfB2, HfN, ZrC and/or with high temperature ductilizing refractory metal such as Rhenium or Rhenium based alloy as well as ZrC/HfC particulate based composites. Major advantages of CDC process are: faster process cycle time (e.g., milliseconds), much higher densification, less part shrinkage, better mechanical/high temperature strength attributes, ability for micro/nano powder consolidation and simple/complex geometry, much less/no materials wastage cast, superior surface quality (e.g., micron/sub-micron finishes) compared to cast/plasma sprayed/CVD parts, and scaling up potential. Representative (0.5 to 1 inch diameters) disks and select small scale throat ring samples will be fabricated to show the proof of concept and evaluated for CDC process optimization, thermal sintering responses, physical /geometrical/surface quality properties, microstructure, microchemistry and mechanical/high temperature properties in Phase I. Our proposed R&D efforts are integrated by close partnership with a major MDA subcontractor-Aerojet and SRI. Further advanced novel cermet advanced alloy development, CDC process control, fabrication of specific scaled up geometries, testing and scaling up efforts will be done in Phase II.

Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corporation 2363 Calle Del Mundo Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 565-9004 Behzad Moslehi MDA 08-008 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ultra-Fast Fiber Optic Fish Net Sensor System for Target Hit-Point Detection
Abstract:	In order to address MDA’s need for highly integrated instrumentation both on and off- board targets that can be used to determine position and attributes of hit and misses for kinetic and/or directed energy weapons the IFOS team proposes using a fiber optic “fish net” with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors as a hit grid for embedding in a target missile body to determine the hit point. In Phase I, IFOS will demonstrate feasibility by constructing and testing a proof-of-principal model based on a high speed/high resolution FBG interrogator and develop advanced signal processing algorithms to identify the hit point in a test coupon with an embedded array of FBGs. The proposed innovation is the miniaturized hit grid package including sensors and interrogator with PC/104 form factor based on all-fiber-optic sensing system replacing the existing electrical sensors/cabling and reducing the system weight, cost, size, footprint while improving performance and reliability. The hit grid package also contains an integrated, high-efficiency telemetry transmitter capable of being programmed to operate in either upper or lower S-band, or L- band to address potential bandwidth and link margin issues due to high bit rates in the vicinity of 20 Mbps.

Invocon, Inc. 19221 IH-45 South; Ste. 530 Conroe, TX 77385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(281) 292-9903 Paul Zymowski MDA 08-008 Awarded: 4/2/2009
Title:	Rapid End-game Assessment Package (REAP)
Abstract:	Invocon proposes the Rapid End-game Assessment Package (REAP), a highly-integrated health monitoring and lethality assessment instrumentation system for target missiles. The resulting instrumentation will save space, weight, telemetry bandwidth, and integration time compared to current targets. Features include: a) lethality assessment circuitry combined with health monitoring circuitry; b) Interfaces for distributed digital transducers; and c) Smart telemetry sharing between health & status and the lethality assessment to reduce telemetry BW. These features will result in more cost effective target instrumentation. The instrumentation system itself will cost less, but simplifying the integration will provide the most significant cost savings. As a standalone system, it will provide significant benefits to the missile community. However, it will provide significantly more benefits when combined with two other proposed technology developments. It will be designed to enable integration with the Intra-Missile Communication System proposed for topic MDA 08-001, and it will accept inputs from Invocon’s proposed solution for a Wireless “Hit Grid” proposed under this topic (MDA 08-008).

SemQuest Inc. 1230 Arizona Sun Grove Colorado Springs, CO 80909
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 447-8757 David J. Ward MDA 08-008 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	HITS: Hit and Instrumentation Telemetry System
Abstract:	A hit grid system that sends telemetry from optoelectromechanical sensors on a test target, offers high quality information which cannot be easily duplicated using other techniques. When such a system can also incorporate other target sensor data into the telemetry stream while improving size, weight, power, and bandwidth, the value is increased. Additionally, the development of an innovative solution to event detection greatly enhances future commercial payback opportunities.

Amtec Corporation 500 Wynn Dr. Suite 314 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 319-0857 Bryan Hughes MDA 08-009 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Capablitity Evolutionof the Portable Optical Sensor Test (POST) Chamber
Abstract:	The Portable Optical Sensor Test (POST) chamber was designed to provide a low- background, long wavelength infrared (LWIR), high vacuum environment for ground testing exo-atmospheric LWIR sensors. From its original development in 1975 through its eventual mothballing in 2004, the POST chamber underwent virtually continuous improvements and upgrades, resulting in improved radiometric and goniometric accuracy. Amtec Corporation, will develop a capability evolution plan (CEP) for the POST chamber during Phase I. The goal of CEP is to establish a roadmap for the evolution of technologies and test unit hardware, software, and documentation needed to establish an operational POST chamber with the ability to meet the MDA and other user community needs to define test requirements and near-term test needs in context of POST related Test Standards and Methods. In addition to these enhancements, Amtec intends to extend the capability and utility of the existing POST chamber by establishing the ability of POST to operate in a distributed mission environment. The Phase I final report will include details of the current capabilities of the POST chamber, a discussion of requirements and identification of required maintenance needs, proposed enhancements, and CEP supported by cost and schedule estimates.

Analytical Services, Inc. 350 Voyager Way Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 562-2115 Mike Guthrie MDA 08-009 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Test Methodology and Equipment for Radiation Hardened Interceptors
Abstract:	ASI, teamed with GH Systems, proposes to integrate the comprehensive material and component database, RadCat™, with 3-D modeling, radiation transport, and electrodynamics software to provide a knowledge-based test environment simulation and test planning toolkit to support MDA rad-hard test programs. The proposed product, called the Radiation Test Environment Simulation Toolkit (RadTEST), will introduce a cost-saving paradigm shift in the way radiation hardness design, testing, and reporting are conducted. RadTEST will also: • Provide a web-based software toolkit for evaluating the radiation tolerance of critical systems. • Create cost-saving test support methodology for MDA’s missile defense programs • Develop a collaborative engineering environment with software interfaces for: - Access to RadCat™ Parts and Materials Database - Interface with Radiation Transport Codes - Comparing Test Facilities with a catalog of Radiation Spectra - Generating an Electronic Test Plan - Generating an Electronic Test Report • Interface 1-D and 3-D Computer Aided Design (CAD) Models with multidisciplinary engineering-grade simulations and physical science models, to include electrodynamics applications for EMP analysis. • Create 3-D models of test chamber and test environments for clear comparisons between model predictions and test results. • Provide a standardized electronic framework for the evaluation of radiation hardened components.

Fifth Gait Technologies 5531 Somerset Dr. Santa Barbara, CA, CA 93111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 964-1496 Kathryn Doughty MDA 08-009 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	NICSSIM: A Radiation Effects Model and Data Analysis Tool to Maximize the Utility of NICS/NODDS Chamber Testing
Abstract:	NICSSIM will provide a necessary cost-effective adjunct simulation and data analysis package that simulates the effects of radiation on a sensor focal plane array before performing radiation tests in the NICS/NODDS chamber currently being refurbished by RAD of Colorado Springs. Such simulation reduces test cost and maximizes the efficacy of the testing done, as well as providing a state of the art data analysis tool for processing the gigibytes of data accumulated during ultimate verification test series. We propose developing such a package to simulate the effects of testing in the NICS/NODDS environment with the ultimate goal of developing a tool that accurately provides a general evaluation of system-level and higher response of optical systems to radiation environments with a minimal amount of optimized radiation testing.

Radiation Assured Devices, Inc. 5017 North 30th Street Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 531-0800 Terrence F. Deaton MDA 08-009 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Optical Flash Test Capability for Nuclear Infrared Clutter Simulator
Abstract:	Radiation Assured Devices, Inc. proposes an enhancement to the capabilities of the Nuclear Infrared Clutter Simulator (NICS) chamber by the addition of an optical flash simulator capable of producing an optical signal at the sensor under test representative of that produced by either a nuclear detonation or a missile intercept event in the sensor field of view. Phase I of the proposed program will include the design, fabrication and demonstration of a infrared flash source for the NICS chamber. Actual installation of the flashlamp hardware in NICS will be deferred to Phase II of the program. The design task will include an assessment of requirements for the optical flash simulator for multiple sensor programs. These requirements will be translated into physical size, temperature and optical coupling specifications for the flashlamp configuration to be added to the NICS optical bench.

Atlas Scientific 1367 Camino Robles Way San Jose, CA 95120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 507-0906 Ali Kashani MDA 08-010 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Novel Regenerators for Use Below 35 Kelvin
Abstract:	Future MDA missions will require various enhancements in multi-stage cryocoolers. These include increased efficiency, reduced vibration and reductions in overall system mass and power consumption. For the small coolers required, pulse tube and Stirling coolers offer the best opportunities. At present, the efficiency of these coolers is limited by the effectiveness of low-temperature-stage regenerators. Below about 60 K, two factors play key roles in reducing the effectiveness of regenerators. One is that the heat capacity of most materials falls rapidly with decreasing temperature, thereby, severely limiting the number of useful materials to a few in common use. A second factor is that these commonly used materials are only available in powder form, a form known to raise reliability issues. In this effort, we will address both factors. We will use newly developed materials with high heat capacities at temperatures below 60 K, higher than that of commonly used materials. Further, we will use a novel low-temperature regenerator matrix that will address both the aspect of high-efficiency and regenerator durability. Both the void fraction and the ratio of surface area to solid fraction of the regenerator matrix will be varied to achieve high efficiency

Redstone Aerospace Corp. P.O. Box 1504 Longmont, CO 80502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 684-8125 Robert Levenduski MDA 08-010 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Multistage Cryocooler for Remote Cooling Applications
Abstract:	Next-generation missile midcourse detection infrared sensing systems will require improved cryogenic cooling technology. Future cryogenic cooling systems must be capable of providing significant cooling capacity at two different temperatures across a two axis gimbal or to multiple locations on a spacecraft. These capabilities will enable reduced payload jitter, lower overall spacecraft mass and reduced power requirements. Redstone Aerospace proposes an innovative Stirling/J-T hybrid cryocooler that offers unique capabilities and meets the STSS mission requirements.

Applied Technology Associates 1300 Britt SE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 767-1275 Felix Morgan MDA 08-011 Awarded: 5/15/2009
Title:	Space Qualified, Fast Steering Mirror (SQ_FSM)
Abstract:	Many fast steering mirrors (FSM) have been developed over the years, but there has never been one specifically designed for long-term operation in a high radiation, cryogenic space environment. The Missile Defense Agency (MDA), to support the continuing development of the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS), is seeking the development of this mirror to support future high-resolution line-of-sight stabilization and rapid re-pointing applications. Applied Technology Associates (ATA) is proposing to extend the operation of its current 5″ FSM to space by: • Developing innovative techniques for radiation hardening the ATA high accuracy relative position sensor (HARPS). • Developing an innovative mechanical design that moves the actuator coils off the substrate and reaction mass to allow operation in a vacuum and lends itself to truly reactionless control. • Developing an innovative, adaptive approach to canceling the reaction torques using an adaptive controller which will be implemented in a Single-Event Effects Immune Reconfigurable FPGA (SIRF) currently being developed by Xilinx under a contract to AFRL/RVSE.

Optical Physics Company 26610 Agoura Road Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 880-2907 Richard A Hutchin MDA 08-011 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Miniature Interferometric Star Tracker for Harsh Space Environments
Abstract:	Optical Physics Company (OPC) has been developing a sub-arcsecond accuracy rad- hard interferometric star tracker under AF SBIR sponsorship. Under this SBIR Phase I project, we will investigate options to miniaturize this device by more than an order of magnitude while maintaining the wide temperature range and high radiation tolerance of the original design. The changes for miniaturization involve a smaller dual grating interferometric front end, elimination of the image intensifier and relay optics, and use of an off-the shelf FPA that has been backthinned. Our target weight is 200 gm (15x lighter) in a 3.5x3.5x10 cm volume (12x smaller). The expected performance is 10 arcseconds (3 sigma) at a slew rate of up to 8 deg/sec. During Phase I, we will set up a lab demonstration to build and test a model of the miniaturized star interferometer using our existing star simulating testbed. This will be followed by the anchoring of experimental results to analytic model predictions and Phase II prototype design.

Arkansas Power Electronics International, Inc. 535 W. Research Center Blvd., Suite 209 Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(479) 443-5759 Roberto Schupbach MDA 08-012 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High-Power-Density, Rad-hard, SiC Based, Intelligent Multi Module DC/DC Converter PMAD System For Optimal Energy Utilization
Abstract:	Increasing power density and efficiency, reducing size and weight, and introducing standardization of electronics systems are all goals of the STSS program. The performance of Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) systems has great impact on the energy storage systems of the spacecraft or satellite. APEI, Inc proposes to develop rad-hard SiC based modular DC/DC converter PMAD systems. The modular rad-hard SiC PMAD concept will enable seamless scalability and power sharing among modules for space applications. It will also allow the electrical removal of a failed module to provide uninterrupted power. APEI’s proposed modular converter technology is also the gateway to two advanced optimal energy utilization techniques: 1) Battery run-time extension—Battery capacity decreases with increasing discharge load current. By using the modular PMADs, the current load can be distributed among different batteries (from the existing redundant systems), which increases the amount of the maximum nominal capacity utilized. 2) Maximum efficiency tracking—The efficiency of a typical converter diminishes as the power demand decreases; thus, relegating the operation of the converter to a low-efficiency point for low power demands. APEI’s proposed modular PMAD technology will dynamically tailor the number of “active/inactive” modular PMADs to the existing power demands in order to always operate at maximum efficiency.

QorTek, Inc. 1965 Lycoming Creek Road Suite 205 Williamsport, PA 17701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(570) 322-2700 Gareth J. Knowles MDA 08-012 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Space Power Management & Energy Storage Technologies
Abstract:	The proposed solid-state PMAD systems with its much smaller/lighter/higher efficiency solution approach could have major impacts to reducing launch weight/volume thereby both reducing launch costs and increasing equipment (sensor) deployment. Ceramic power management offer enormous benefits to space-based PMAD systems. And we are proposing to translate this new technology all the way through to demonstrated rad hard capable, fully integrated PMAD systems that includes addressing both risk reduction and supplier stability through a disciplined Advanced Component Development and Prototypes (ACD&P) program leading to realization of affordable and reliable manufacture of high voltage transform/high power handling solid-state power that would serve as the core of a rad hard power distribution system (e.g. radiation MDA HAENS) that is verified at hardware level with a simple (non rad hard) prototype implementation that can be rapidly matured as to enable Technology Readiness Assessment by USAF Space and Missile Systems Center for potential LEO/MEO/GEO military and commercial satellites.

Black Forest Engineering, LLC 12930 Morris Trail Colorado Springs, CO 80908
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 593-9501 Stephen Gaalema MDA 08-013 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Design Modified Commercial CMOS for MDA IR FPAs
Abstract:	Missile Defense Agency (MDA) requires high performance, high sensitivity and low noise infrared sensors for space based sensing applications that operate in environments where radiation hardness is essential to mission operation. Radiation hard by design (RHBD) readout integrated circuits (ROICs) decrease the overall cost of focal plane arrays (FPAs) by exploiting existing commercial foundries rather than relying on increasingly scarce and costly “proven” foundries that offer radiation hard by process (RHBP). Commercial CMOS fabricated with thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers will provide exceptional radiation performance to total dose (> 300kRads (Si) with both ionizing and nuclear particles) and mitigate single-event upsets and latch-up. The RHBD concept utilizes enclosed gate NFET layout and adaptive bias to optimize circuit performance for infrared FPAs operating at cryogenic temperatures.

CapeSym, Inc. Suite 1B 6 Huron Drive Natick, MA 01760
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 653-7100 Shariar Motakef MDA 08-013 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Growth of Large Area CZT Crystals
Abstract:	This proposal seeks to develop a new process for production of large area CdZnTe substrates for large area focal plane arrays. The proposed system promises to overcome innate scale-up obstacles in the current method for production of CdZnTe crystals.

NanoTEM 9375 E. Shea Blvd. Ste. 100 Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 243-5374 Fred Shaapur MDA 08-013 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	VLWIR HgCdTe FPA Reliability and Yield Enhancement through Nanostructural Analysis
Abstract:	This Phase I proposal seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing the depletion region of a VLWIR HgCdTe photodiode in plan-view and in nano-scale to detect and study the structural anomalies responsible for the current leakage and other operability issues. Our related preliminary work on a test photodiode has already identified crystalline defects and secondary phase precipitates within the depletion region and has detected strain fields at its passivation interface. In Phase II, we plan to develop and deploy the above and similar methodologies in a systematic and routine manner in a VLWIR HgCdTe IRFPA manufacturing environment for product reliability and yield enhancement.

Photronix 35 Sandybrook Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 221-0442 Phil Lamarre MDA 08-013 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Space Sensor Components and Concepts
Abstract:	This proposal describes a revolutionary advancement for space based sensing applications. The research work performed under this SBIR will allow for very large focal plane arrays (FPAs) to be manufactured at reduced costs by a special new technological advancement which will substantially reduce the costs of Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs) for these very large focal plane arrays. This new advancement will decrease technical risk and improve producibility of very large format FPAs (for 2048 x 2048 pixels, 30 um or smaller pitch). This technology would also reduce cost significantly for 3072 x 3072 pixel FPAs and larger future generation very large FPAs.

Microelectronics Research Development Corporation 4775 Centennial Boulevard, Suite 130 Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 531-0805 Dean Allum MDA 08-014 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Radiation-Hardened Memory
Abstract:	Micro-RDC will develop a Radiation Hardened 16Mbit SONOS based EEPROM with the highest levels of reliability. It will be manufactured in 180nm technology at a high volume, high yielding semiconductor foundry. The product will include techniques such as redundancy, internal EDAC, hardened latches and RHBD layout in order to meet all the radiation hardening requirements of this project. As an improvement over previous Mil Spec EEPROMs, the charge pump will also be hardened so that the product meets SEE and TID requirements for data writing also. Micro-RDC will incorporate a self-health- checkup feature to allow the user to determine how often to invoke the self-scrubbing mechanism. Micro-RDC will utilize circuit concepts of its’ “Trusted IC” program to maintain ITAR compliance.

Silicon Space Technology Corporation 804 Las Cimas Parkway Suite 140 Austin, TX 78746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 989-9719 David Gifford MDA 08-014 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Radiation-Hardened Memory
Abstract:	Silicon Space Technology (SST), working with Texas Instruments (TI), proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of building large (64Mb) SRAM’s for space applications by applying SST’s proprietary hardened-by-process (HBP) techniques to TI’s 90nm C027 process. SST’s HBP modules have solved the major space radiation problems, Single- Event Effects (SEE), Total Ionizing Dose (TID), and Dose Rate (DR). Sequences of radiation tests on various 180nm devices from multiple foundries have shown SST HBP modules significantly improve SEE performance (e.g., SEL, SET, SEU & MBU), DR and TID compared to non-HBP protected circuits. Furthermore, SST’s HBP modules do not adversely affect either circuit performance or yield. Our proven-in-silicon approach enables production of radiation-hardened integrated circuits at leading-edge circuit densities within any commercial silicon foundry. SST’s first product, a RH 16Mb SRAM designed and manufactured in TI’s 180nm C05 process, has now demonstrated good functionality, yield, and impressive radiation performance. SST is also currently developing a 130nm RH dual-port SRAM based on TI’s 130nm process. In addition to making large (64Mb) RH SRAM’s feasible, applying SST’s HBP methods to TI’s 90nm process will make it feasible to bring RH versions of TI’s existing and future portfolio of 90nm products to the marketplace.

Lucid Dimensions 168 CTC Blvd. Ste. E Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 890-4371 Ryan Riel MDA 08-015 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Real Time Monitoring of Natural and Enhanced Space Environments
Abstract:	Lucid Dimensions is developing Spherical Detection Systems (SDS) for detecting and tracking infrared(IR) heat signatures in three dimensions. Spherical Detection Systems offer distinct advantages over contemporary imaging systems, significantly enhancing three-dimensional (3D) situational awareness. Sensor systems utilizing a spherical geometry as a foundation can be designed for a variety of applications. These systems calculate extremely accurate angular directions to signal sources. Sophisticated systems with full spherical sensor placement are being designed for monitoring multiple targets in any spatial orientation. Information generated from these systems can be integrated with existing BMDS sensor components for further target identification. Full spherical SDS systems offer a 4 Pi steradian Field of Regard (FOR) for complete situational awareness. This phase I research will explore SDS technology for the real time monitoring of natural and enhanced space environments.

Sensing Strategies, Inc. 114 Titus Mill Road Pennington, NJ 08534
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 818-9801 Richard Preston MDA 08-015 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Real Time Monitoring of Natural and Enhanced Space Environments
Abstract:	The proposed effort will develop a novel radiation classifier for detecting optical and non- optical sources causing interference or potential damage to the STSS spacecraft. Two distinct sensor compnents will be used in the design. A pulse-optimized sensor with multiple coincidence channels will detect optical transient events and provide data on space weather (i.e., particle events and energy distribution). An imaging diffractometer will be used to characterize DC and low frequency phenomena with high sensivity. Both sensors will be able to localize the direction of sources detected and provide feedback to the spacecraft with a real-time processing algorithms based in space qualified field programmable gate arrays. SSI is experienced in developing space qualified hardware and will leverage designs in handheld and airborne sensors that are suitable for transition to the space environment. SSI also believes the proposed sensors could be used for other MDA missions such as detecting and characterizing flashes from missile intercepts which is a key requirement for kill assessment.

Applied Dynamics International 3800 Stone School Road Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 973-1300 Clare Savaglio MDA 08-016 Awarded: 4/1/2009
Title:	Spacecraft Assembly, Integration and Test Enhancement
Abstract:	MDA space–based sensor satellite payloads include a collection of subsystems operating in coordination with one another, interacting with the satellite bus and the ground station. The traditional approach for developing sensor payloads involves a long sequence of development, integration, and testing for development of stand-alone payload capability, integration of the payload with the satellite bus, and integration of the payload with the ground station systems. This serial approach to payload development results in a lengthy development process. This proposal presents an approach for developing a simulation- centric platform for payload development. This simulation platform will support simulated testing at the various stages of the payload development process; design, embedded software development, prototype integration, full system integration, testing, training. By supporting a program from the start, this approach will greatly reduce the time and cost of payload integration and testing. Payload integrators can recombine simulation modules to perform pure simulation, software-in-the-loop simulation, man-in-the-loop simulation, and hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Module reuse accelerates the entire integration process from design phase, through embedded software development, prototype integration, full system integration testing, and training. Module duplication also allows integrators to perform parallel tasks to further shorten a program''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s timeline and reduce technical risk.

Microcosm, Incorporated 4940 W. 147th St. Hawthorne, CA 90250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 219-2700 Paul Graven MDA 08-016 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Self-Calibration and Self-Alignment (SC/SA) for Spacecraft GN&C Components and Payload
Abstract:	Microcosm and HRP Systems, with Boeing providing in-kind support, will develop a self- calibration/self-alignment (SC/SA) system for spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) systems and payloads to simplify the spacecraft assembly, integration, and test (AI&T) process, reducing both development schedule and cost. The proposed SC/SA capability is based in part on Boeing’s Cost-Competitive and Operationally Responsive GN&C IR&D program that has been in process for 2 years. The SC/SA capability will simplify or eliminate time-consuming factory alignment and calibration of spacecraft GN&C system sensors and actuators, as well as some types of payloads, significantly reducing AI&T cycle time and costs. Phase I will assess the Boeing SC/SA approach and tailor it to improve the MDA-specific AI&T process. In discussions with MDA, requirements and key use cases will be developed, a SC/SA concept design produced, and system feasibility assessed via the Boeing detailed spacecraft simulation environment and parallel Microcosm analysis and simulation. In Phase II, Boeing will become a formal subcontractor, and SC/SA prototype flight software will be developed and tested in a ground-based testbed to prepare for a flight test.

Sinmat Inc 2153 Hawthorne Road GTEC Center, Suite 129, Box2 Gainesville, FL 32641
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(352) 334-7237 Deepika Singh MDA 08-017 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Novel Atomically Smooth Conformal Finishing Method for Ultra-Rapid Removal of Sub-Surface Damage and Stresses in SiC Mirrors
Abstract:	Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been recognized as an attractive mirror material due to its superior mechanical and thermal properties when compared to conventional optical materials. However, the extreme mechanical strength results in significant sub-surface damage (SSD) which needs to be removed by large area conformal polishing methods. The current state-of-the-art polishing methods are either typically very slow or introduce a high density of defects or large stresses. Sinmat plans to investigate a novel ultra- gentle and ultra-rapid Reactive Chemical Mechanical Planarization (RCMP) method to rapidly remove SSD and stresses from SiC mirrors. The polishing process is expected to be more than 100 times faster than that of current processes adopted in the industry, thereby resulting in significant time- and cost-savings. In the Phase I of this project, we plan to demonstrate the feasibility of this process to conformally, rapidly remove SSD in SiC substrates, whereas in Phase II we plan to integrate the process with figuring technologies leading to the development of precision SiC mirror in a rapid and scalable manner.

South Bay Science and Technology Corp 7525 W. 81st St., Playa del Rey, CA 90293
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 337-7230 Roger Withrington MDA 08-017 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Silicon Carbide (SiC) Cryogenic Optics Technology Advancement
Abstract:	The objective of the All SiC Telescope Cryo-Test program (ASTCT) is to validate the optical performance of the Silicon Carbide Telescope for STSS (SCATS) near 120K. The off-axis, relayed, afocal telescope has an F/0.5 primary mirror and is equivalent to the current beryllium STSS fore optics. The SiC mirrors and structure are made by the Chemical Vapor Conversion process (CVC) process that allows very low stress monolithic SiC structures to be fabricated by fusing complex parts together. The technology for making the mirrors and structure and integrating them into a telescope have been demonstrated by POCO graphite on previous SBIR programs. This program will validate the technology at operating temperature, readying it for insertion to STSS and other cryogenic space sensors. The proposed phase 1 program will 1) establish the best of three potential facilities at which to conduct the cryo-test; 2) verify the ambient wavefront quality of the telescope to solidify the baseline for cryogenic test and test accuracy; 3) establish the test configuration and the conceptual design of needed fixturing plus instrumentation; and 4) develop the test plan. These tasks will form the basis for implementing the test plan and conducting the test on phase 2.

Trex Enterprises Corporation 10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 437-3899 Bill Goodman MDA 08-017 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	A Deterministic Approach to the Demonstration of Dimensionally Stable and Survivable VIS/IR CVC-SiC Mirrors for the Space Tracking and Surveillance System
Abstract:	MDA, Air Force, and Raytheon are interested in dimensionally stable and survivable SiC substrates and coatings for the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS) Track Sensor Telescope. STSS requirements include: operation in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), surviving a nuclear event, optical performance across the 0.6-12 microns wavebands (specifically VIS/MWIR/LWIR), and operational temperatures from 70-130 K. A legacy VIS/NIR dielectric coated lightweight mirror tested at NASA MSFC reversibly changed the figure of a lightweight ceramic mirror by only 0.5 nm RMS for cyclic testing between 300 and 25 Kelvin, demonstrating the cryogenic-stability of the dielectric coating materials. Under MDA Contract #HQ0006-05-C-7149 performed for Army SMDC, the Principle Investigator successfully designed, manufactured and flash x-ray tested a low emissivity, high-reflectance VIS/NIR/LWIR coating designed from individual elements in the periodic table. A variety of lightweight ceramic mirror substrates were tested. For this project, we propose to design and demonstrate CVC-SiC mirrors with a dimensionally stable (70-130 K) and survivable [space-300 krad (Si) total ionizing dose and nuclear event] VIS/MWIR/LWIR coating, that are traceable to an all SiC STSS cryogenic telescope. In Phase II Trex will work with the government and Raytheon to fully qualify full-scale telescope mirrors and additional coating designs.

MATECH Advanced Materials 31304 Via Colinas, Suite 102 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 991-8500 Edward J. A. Pope MDA 08-018 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ultra-High-Temperature Hafnium Carbide CMCs for DACS Thrusters
Abstract:	In this MDA Phase I SBIR Proposal, MATECH/GSM will develop ultra-high-temperature (UHT) HfC-based thruster technology for solid/liquid interceptor DACS components for atmospheric/exo-atmospheric use. These thrusters are based upon erosion and oxidation resistant C(f)/HfC(m) and HfC(f)/HfC(m) CMCs. These material systems have only become recently available. Unlike conventional carbon/carbon CMC thrusters, which erode relatively rapidly, carbon/HfC CMCs are more erosion resistant due to the substantially harder HfC matrix phase. Alternative refractory metal-based thrusters, composed of rhenium alloy, for example, are temperature limited due to their softness as they approach their melting temperatures. The stringent system requirements of this topic will be met with the active participation and design leadership of our partners ATK Elkton (solids) , Aerojet (solids), and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (liquids), all of whom possess decades of experience in missile rocket thruster design and manufacturing. Also participating in this program is Messier-Bugatti USA, America’s leading carbon-carbon aircraft brake manufacturer.

Materials Research & Design 300 E. Swedesford Rd Wayne, PA 19087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 964-6130 Kent Buesking MDA 08-018 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Manufacturing Process Maturation for Propulsion Technology: Structural Insulators
Abstract:	MDA missile systems employ solid rocket motors and divert and attitude control systems (DACS) to propel and guide kinetic energy weapons. These systems create hot, high pressure gases that impose high heat loads on surrounding metal structures and electronic controls. Exist-ing designs use ablative insulators (e.g. EPDM) and monolithic ceramics (e.g. NZP) to limit the temperatures in surrounding components. While these materials offer attractive low thermal dif-fusivities, they also exhibit poor high temperature strengths and toughness that have resulted in unanticipated failures during ground testing. Clearly these insulators must be improved if MDA systems are to improve their reliability. Several possibilities exist for improved high temperature structural insulators including cermets, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), and reinforcement of off-the-shelf insulators. Ad-ditionally it may be possible to use existing weak materials by modifying the design to limit the operational stresses. Cermets of interest include low conductivity matrix compositions such as HfN, HfO2, ZrN, and ZrO2 reinforced with discontinuous refractory metals such a tantalum and tungsten alloys. CMC solutions include various combinations of rayon-based carbon, Nicalon, and Nextel fibers with matrix materials that include CVI SiC, PIP SiC, and sol-gel oxides. The CMCs can employ needled or continuous fiber preforms. Off-the-shelf insulators include oxide micro balloons imbedded in an oxide ceramic, FiberForm and MinK. While FiberForm (carbon felt) and MinK (oxide felt) are weak, they can be strengthened by densification with CVI SiC or PIP SiC for FiberForm and a sol-gel oxide matrix with MinK. Design modifications that may allow existing insulators to work include layered materials tailored to the thermal environment, segmented insulators to limit thermal stresses, and the exploitation of contact resistance and tor-tuous heat paths. Since there are several possibilities for improved structural insulators, the proposed Phase I effort focuses first on an analytical study to identify one or more approaches that offer the most potential. Once identified, one or more attractive insulators will be purchased and characterized. The objectives of the program include definition of design requirements, calculation of theoreti-cal thermostructural properties, analysis of transient temperatures and stresses, fabrication of one or more sample materials, and characterization of thermal and structural properties. The Phase I effort will be performed by a team of Materials Research & Design (MR&D), Aerojet, a selected material fabricator, and Southern Research Institute. MR&D will manage the program, compute material properties, analyze the thermostructural response, and in conjunction with the team se-lect attractive materials. Aerojet will provide realistic design requirements and SoRI will measure critical properties.

Powdermet Inc. 24112 Rockwell drive Euclid, OH 44117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 404-0053 Brian P. Doud MDA 08-018 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	S-ComP Structural Insulators for Propulsion Technology
Abstract:	In this phase I effort Powdermet proposes to develop lightweight thermally insulating structural insulator material for an smokeless propellant system in the 3000-4000F operating temperature range. In this program five refractory syntactic composite materials maximizing specific strength, temperature capability, and thermal shock resistance while lowering thermal conductivity and density will be developed using Powdermet high strength low weight microballoon technology as syntactic reinforcements for C-103 Niobium alloy, fully stabilized Zirconia, ZrB2/SiC , Tantalum, and Molybdenum.

N-Science Corp 1113 Washington Ave, #210 Golden, CO 80401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 718-9502 Daniel Scheld MDA 08-019 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Improved Performance, More Producible Long Wave IR Integrated Dewar Assemblies
Abstract:	N-Science Corporation (N-Sci) proposes to study and demonstrate the potential of some new and/or improved processes for the production of Black Surface finishes (IR Blacks – IRBs) on a variety of base materials tyically used, or those of interest in future use, in Advanced Long Wave IR Integrated Dewar Assemblies. The availability of high performance Black Coatings are key in achieving the improved performance, more producible devices sought in this solicitation.

TELAZTEC LLC 15 A Street Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 229-9905 Douglas S. Hobbs MDA 08-019 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Integral Sub-Wavelength Microstructures For Enhanced, Long-Life Sunshade Light Control
Abstract:	Low reflectivity or, ‘black” surfaces are currently employed to reduce stray light in optical systems such as the telescope housings and sunshades for MDA missile seekers and kill vehicles (KV), as well as other space based optical instruments such as Star Trackers. Baffle or light shade assemblies are designed to restrict a sensor’s field of view through absorption, obscuration or diffusion of incident light outside the sensor’s spectral range. Surface treatments of the baffle and sunshade assemblies can include a variety of black paints, black coatings, and appliqués. Although appliqués may provide lower scattering levels, disadvantages include lower laser damage thresholds, adhesive issues, and outgassing properties, making them unacceptable for many of these applications. State of the art black coatings and paint such as the Martin Black series are currently used on beryllium sunshades and baffles and has been the selected choice for many BMDS programs. These scattering surfaces are designed to diffuse the incoming light, however, this leads to issues in which the energy is absorbed thus generating heat in the black surface treatment. Issues with Martin Black (and other) black coatings include scattering off the treated surface, emissivity issues due to the absorption of shorter wavelengths and the emitting of longer wavelengths, and, perhaps most importantly, issues arising with delamination of the surface treatment. TelAztec has developed a series of sub-wavelength, anti-reflective microstructures that can be applied to virtually any material, eliminating the need for traditional black coatings. Such AR microstructures have been successfully fabricated in many types of IR, visible, and UV transmitting materials providing ultra high AR performance with the microstructures fabricated directly into surface of the optic material. These surface relief microstructures fabricated directly into the sunshade housing material, completely eliminate the limitations due to stress, thermal mismatch, adhesion, radiation damage, complexity, narrow-band performance, polarization splitting, and cost associated with conventional light control coatings. This Phase I project will build upon the success of the preliminary demonstration, and will deliver an AR treatment fabrication process that is cost effective and can consistently produce high transmission diamond windows with an extended operational lifetime in the presence of proton and ionizing radiation. A successful Phase II effort will see the incorporation of an AR micro-structured sunshade in the IDA of an MDA kill vehicle.

William P. Kuhn, Ph.D., LLC 2100 N Wilmot Rd., #201 Tucson, AZ 85712
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 867-8632 William P. Kuhn MDA 08-019 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Improved Performance, More Producible Long Wave IR Integrated Dewar Assemblies
Abstract:	A design for a long-wave IR integrated dewar assembly that includes a lens in place of a window, and the associated, deterministic alignment processes, fixtures and instrumentation will be developed. Including a lens, instead of a window, in a dewar provides additional optical design freedom that makes it possible to reduce the length and weight of a sensor optical system. Size and weight are critical performance of sensor optical systems for kill vehicles. The assembly processes will take advantage of the point source microscope, whose principles have been demonstrated and documented. Deterministic assembly processes are necessary to control costs as well as for mission assurance.

3TEX, Inc. 109 MacKenan Drive Cary, NC 27511
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 481-2500 Keith Sharp MDA 08-020 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Hybrid SiC-SiC/C-SiC Thermal Protection Structural Material
Abstract:	Thermal protection materials for ballistic missile kill vehicles must retain strength and stiffness at temperatures around 1500-2000oC in an oxygen rich environment, and isolate payload electronics from excessive heating. Weight is a concern, since lighter weight translates to higher velocity and kinetic energy. Further, the TPS materials must have a long service life, including the ability to withstand low level impact loads. Ceramic matrix composites provide an appealing material choice, with high strength at temperature, light weight, and resistance to thermal shock and impact. SiC-SiC composites exhibit oxidation resistance up to 1600oC, where C-SiC composites exhibit oxidation resistance, as well as high strength up to 1600„aC in inert environments. 3TEX, in conjunction with COI Ceramics, proposes a hybrid CMC structural material that combines an outer skin of SiC/SiC and an inner skin of C/SiC based on a unitary 3-D braided preform. The SiC/SiC outer skin will act as the thermal protection system (TPS) while the C/SiC inner skin will provide high specific stiffness and strength. Further, the C/SiC can be manufactured with pitch carbon yarns oriented to draw heat away from the leading edge surfaces, without allowing heat through the thickness of the skin into the payload.

MATECH Advanced Materials 31304 Via Colinas, Suite 102 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 991-8500 Ken Kratsch MDA 08-020 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Lightweight Thermally Protective Integrated Missile Airframe Composite
Abstract:	In this MDA Phase I SBIR program, MATECH/GSM (MG) proposes to demonstrate its revolutionary low cost, high temperature ceramic fiber and fiber processing technologies for non ablative structural TPS systems for the next generation of high supersonic missiles. Through prior SBIR programs, MG has developed novel, low cost preceramic polymers and processing technologies for producing SiOC and ZrOC ceramic fibers and formed ceramic fiber components. These ceramic fibers, depending on preceramic polymer chemistry, offer service temperatures ranging from 2550°F to 5000°F and can be formed both before and after pyrolysis into structural insulative shapes suitable for nose cones, fin leading edges, and fuselage body structural insulation systems. This new technology offers a promising new method for solving TPS issues on high supersonic vehicles.

Performance Polymer Solutions Inc. 91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 298-3713 David B. Curliss MDA 08-020 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Missile Materials and Process Technologies
Abstract:	This proposed Phase I SBIR program will develop and demonstrate a high temperature polymer matrix composite materials system exhibiting high thermal conductivity, high glass transition temperature, low mass density, and excellent mechanical performance suitable for fabrication of missile components using existing composite manufacturing infrastructure and techniques. This unique combination of material properties and processing will be achieved by merging and optimizing P2SI 900HT high temperature polymer matrix (Tg = 840°F) and ultra-high thermal conductivity pitch fiber in the form of a discontinuous fiber (chopped) molding compound. During the Phase I, composite plates will be fabricated to evaluate the effects of a number of material variables on thermal and mechanical performance. A Phase II effort would provide an opportunity to optimize the system for scale-up and further characterization ensuring that appropriate, reliable thermal and mechanical properties are generated and incorporated into user thermal and thermo-structural models. Partnering with Raytheon Missile Systems, an end user of this technology, applicable prototype structures will be manufactured and tested using the optimized materials system from Phase I. Additionally, Six Sigma methodology will be used to perform statistical analysis of the chopped molding compound manufacturing process, and appropriate changes will be implemented to reduce process variation.

Touchstone Research Laboratory, Ltd. The Millennium Centre R.R. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(304) 547-5800 Drew M. Spradling MDA 08-020 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Carbon-Carbon/Carbon Foam/Aerogel Process for Integrated Aerostructure TPS
Abstract:	Extreme heating conditions of future MDA missions are too severe for existing low- density systems (i.e., PICA – Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator); and existing high- density systems (i.e., carbon-carbon, carbon-phenolic) are too heavy and thermally inefficient. The proposed effort seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of wrapping a lightweight, rigid carbon foam with a carbon-carbon outerlayer that serves as an integrated aerostructural TPS. To enhance the thermal performance of the carbon foam without dramatically increasing its weight, a carbon aerogel is infiltrated into the open pore structure, providing decreased radiant heat transfer. An innovative manufacturing process that involves the wrapping of a carbon fiber phenolic prepreg over a carbon foam/aerogel cylindrical mandrel will be demonstrated under the Phase I effort. Co- carbonization issues such as differential shrinkage between the carbon-carbon and carbon foam will be investigated. Also, characterization of the boundary layers will be performed along with a preliminary economic assessment for scale up.

Advanced Core Technologies, LLC 5300 International Blvd Charleston, SC 29418
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(478) 397-2806 Dave Domingue MDA 08-021 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	A Risk Reduction Process for Enhanced Mission Assurance
Abstract:	Advanced Core Technologies brings three advanced competencies together to support a successful research effort required to identify, foster, and deploy technologies promising reliability enhancing materials and manufacturing innovations. Self-learning search methods, sophisticated information association techniques, and stochastic forecasting enables a system capable of 5, 10, and 20 year forecasts for probability of maturation, magnitude of reliability benefit, mission assurance, and cost benefits generated for candidate materials and manufacturing innovation. The Phase I research plan includes development of an end-to-end framework that includes a set of information collection and analysis functions to support the search for materials and manufacturing advancement with promise. The architecture includes two major modules: a Reliability and Vulnerability Assessment (RVA) module and Monitoring, Extrapolation and a Modeling of future Solution Scenarios (MEMSS) module. The application will provide a responsive and persistent assessment and decision support capability to enhance and guide investment decisions that foster development and suggest incorporation of candidates into acquisition and sustainment technology roadmaps.

Intelligent Systems Technology, Inc. 12122 Victoria Ave Los Angeles, CA 90066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Azad M. Madni MDA 08-021 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Rel360™: Continuous Reliability Assessment for Enhanced Mission Assurance
Abstract:	Mission assurance across MDA weapon systems requires ongoing assessment of material and component reliability issues as well as manufacturing and material process advances. To this end, the proposed effort is concerned with developing a prototype framework that supports: reliability and vulnerability assessments; monitoring, extrapolation/roadmapping of future scenarios; and modeling and opportunistic inclusion of specific emerging technologies that address specific reliability issues in the evolving technology roadmap. Central to these capabilities are context-driven search, self-learning, and multiattribute decision framework for evaluating pros and cons of alternative technologies associated with manufacturing and materials processes. Phase I of this effort will produce a system concept and breadboard prototype that showcases the key Phase I innovations.

EMF Systems, Inc. 14670 Highway 9 Boulder Creek, CA 95006
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(831) 338-1800 David F.Smith MDA 08-022 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Magnesium Oxide Electrolyte Binder for Reserve Thermal Batteries
Abstract:	Magnesium oxide (MgO) is in reserve thermal batteries as a binder in electrolyte pellets . MgO is normally made in large industrial quantities for commodity markets by the alkaline precipitation of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) from natural brine solutions, followed by calcination at high temperature. Such commodity chemicals do not meet the needs of thermal batteries due to frequent product and process changes, and the technical function of MgO in separators. The strict requirements of MgO for thermal battery applications will be best met by a process which can be tightly controlled specifically for this use, and does not require a large physical plant. In this study, we will determine a reproducible synthesis route for Mg(OH)2 from high purity reagent grade feedstocks in the laboratory, produce MgO, and then elvaluate powder properties specifically for thermal battery applications. Potential follow-on work will scale-up the synthesis route to an appropriate scale, determine the optimum processing conditions for MgO to be used in thermal battery separators, and document the production process for use by domestic suppliers.

ENSER Corporation, The 5430 70th Avenue North Pinellas Park, FL 33781
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(727) 520-1393 Nick Shuster MDA 08-022 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advances in Thermal Battery Anodes
Abstract:	Thermal batteries are mission critical components which provide power to military weapon systems for electronics, fusing, sensing and actuation. Current and future thermal battery packaging and performance requirements are being pushed to the limits, demanding higher power levels over longer operating times (hence, higher usable energy output) in smaller, lighter packages. These increases are required for: (1) advanced munitions and strategic defense applications employing multifunctional seeker and sensor packages, (2) active data links supporting a net-centric capability and/or (3) increased maneuvering capability. In order to meet these demands, ENSER proposes to demonstrate significant improvements in energy density, power density and operational lifetime employing a new anode material. The primary goal of this effort is to identify a technical path forward for increasing specific energy significantly beyond that currently achievable with the standard Lithium-Silicon alloy anode (44-w% Li, 56-w% Si) Potential new anode materials will be identified and initially evaluated in single cell tests before being incorporated into prototype batteries in Phase I. Material composition and processing will be optimized and performance improvement(s) demonstrated in a selected battery. (potentially JAGM, EAPS or MKV) in Phase II.

Erigo Technologies LLC P.O. Box 899 64 Main St. Enfield, NH 03748
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 632-4156 Marc A. Kenton MDA 08-022 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Model for Reserve Battery Gas Generators
Abstract:	Reserve lithium oxyhalide and silver/zinc batteries are power sources of choice for many missiles and other weapons systems. These batteries achieve long shelf life by storing the liquid electrolyte separately in a reservoir. Upon activation, the electrolyte is injected quickly into the battery cells, most often using a pyrotechnic gas generator. The overall design of the activation system is arguably the most challenging aspect of developing a new battery of this type, and this is more difficult and time-consuming because no analytical tools exist to simulate the activation process. The trial-and-error procedure currently used to develop these batteries also increases the time and expense necessary to qualify a new design. To address this need, Erigo proposes to develop a comprehensive, easy-to-use computer model to simulate pyrotechnic gas generators and to interface this model to a representation of the battery itself. The proposed development plan directly leverages technology developed at Erigo to comprehensively model thermal batteries as well as an on-going effort by our collaborators to simulate fluid flow during the activation process.

Quallion LLC 12744 San Fernando Road Building 4 Sylmar, CA 91342
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 833-2013 Hisashi Tsukamoto MDA 08-022 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ballistic Missile Defense System Innovative Power
Abstract:	Quallion’s response to this solicitation calls for characterizing the foreign sourced lithium- ion anode MCMB (10-28) for high power and low temperature capabilities. In addition, Quallion will synthesize MCMB (10-28) and perform material characterization, as well as the manufacturing of test cells for electrochemical performance comparison.

American Semiconductor, Inc. 3100 S. Vista Ave., Suite 230 Boise, ID 83705
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 336-2773 Douglas R. Hackler MDA 08-023 Awarded: 4/8/2009
Title:	Direct Write via Digital Beam Processing for Rad-Hard Flexfet CMOS
Abstract:	The is an effort to increase radiation hardness/survivability of microelectronics through innovation of production processes and capabilities by establishing an economically viable low-volume sub-65nm rad-hard foundry CMOS capability based on Digital Beam Processing (DBP) technology. American Semiconductor (ASI) and Digibeam Corporation (DBC) propose a collaboration to evaluate sub-65nm radiation-hardened Flexfet™ CMOS realized in resistless, direct-write, DBP. This project will determine feasibility for CMOS integration of DBP as a supply solution for Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) requirements. This SBIR includes both technical and economic analysis. DBP integration and sub-65nm Flexfet feasibility are evaluated using optical proximity test cells manufactured by integrating a DBP process step into a CMOS fabrication sequence. DBP will be applied to ASI’s existing design files, fabricated, and evaluated with ASI’s advanced metrology capability. DBP evaluation data will be used as input to sub-65nm Flexfet simulations. This project includes a scope typically beyond Phase I funding but that is feasible due to ASI’s unique low-volume foundry capability. Work includes: (1) Fabrication, simulation and modeling of DBP test cells, (2) DBP comparison to traditional photolithography, (3) Economic and technical evaluation including assessment of technical readiness (4) Determination of feasibility with cost model for radiation-hardened sub- 65nm Flexfet DBP CMOS.

Amtec Corporation 500 Wynn Dr. Suite 314 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 319-0860 Jeff Dame MDA 08-023 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Architecture and Process Techniques for High-Density, Radiation-Hardened Non-Volatile Memory
Abstract:	For mission critical data storage on systems operating in natural space and nuclear weapons environments, the use of radiation hardened non-volatile memory (NVM) is imperative. Today’s complex computer controlled electronic systems use NVM to store critical data for proper operation. This typically includes configuration parameters which allow the system to return to a known configuration after the loss of power. If the critical data becomes corrupted, system recovery and operation is severely impacted. Current state of the art technologies being evaluated for radiation hardened NVM include Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) (1Mb), Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM), chalcogenide-based Phase-change Random Access Memory (PRAM) (1Mb), and silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) (4Mb) based devices. Of these, the only qualified radiation-hardened NVM technology commercially available today is the SONOS based memory. Development of increased bit-density SONOS memories is necessary to meet increasing system demands for critical data storage. This Phase I research will identify, optimize and design a SONOS-based NVM cell architecture and demonstrate the feasibility of using the advanced memory cell to design a radiation- hardened large bit-density (64Mb or greater) NVM. The optimized NVM cell structure will be compatible with existing CMOS processes to allow for ease of manufacturability and use in embeddable applications.

Radiation Assured Devices, Inc. 5017 North 30th Street Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 531-0800 Charlie Beebout MDA 08-023 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Radiation Hardened Producible Manufacturing
Abstract:	We have developed engineered epitaxial layers based on nanostructure technology that can be applied in hardening a wide variety of integrated circuits processes against total dose degradation, single event upsets (SEU) and single event transients (SETs) by minimizing collected photocurrents (electron-hole pairs) via recombination centers. These nanostructure-engineered substrates could provide an ideal solution across a broad range of process nodes. We will first focus our attention on processes involving LOCal Oxidation of Silicon (LOCOS) since most ICs that are used in Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMDS) utilize LOCOS processes. After that we would widen the processes to include other processes. Radiation Assured Devices in conjunction with Ball Aerospace is currently running a test lot of engineered substrates with TI. Under this proposed Phase I effort we would characterize the test chips obtained from the current TI run (due for delivery in January 2009) for radiation hardness, electrical performance (power, speed leakage, etc) and long term reliability and prepare a Phase I final report in conjunction with Texas Instruments on migrating the engineered substrate technique to other technology nodes.

Kopin Corporation 200 John Hancock Rd Taunton, MA 02780
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 824-6696 Oleg Laboutin MDA 08-024 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Development of High Performance AlInN-Based HEMTs
Abstract:	ransistors (HEMTs) by providing a strain-free alternative to AlGaN as the barrier material. In particular, AlInN lattice matched to GaN should exhibit significantly higher polarization- induced charge and drain current, resulting in enhanced high power and high frequency capabilities for GaN HEMTs. However, AlInN alloys are challenging materials to produce due to the difference in growth conditions between AlN and InN, and due to expected miscibility issues. Therefore, further development is required to realize high performance devices based on AlInN. This SBIR program will explore the optimization of AlInN for use in high power and high frequency GaN HEMTs.

Kyma Technologies, Inc. 8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27617
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 789-8880 Tanya Paskova MDA 08-024 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Nitride Heterostructures for X-Band GaN HEMTs
Abstract:	Kyma Technologies together with the subcontractor at Virginia Commonwealth University, aim to develop high-performance AlInN/GaN based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), operating in the X-band frequency region. We intent to employ a novel technical approach, which examines both large-scale semi-insulating GaN templates and high- quality semi-insulating native GaN substrates; benefits from optimization of device design by introducing additional spacer(s) and employs strain-compensation heterostructure engineering to enable the development ultra-high device performance. Phase I focuses on growth development of high-quality pseudomorphic AlInN/GaN strain-free heterostructures and detailed evaluation of material properties and lays the foundation for Phase II wherein ultra-high performance X-band HEMTs will be developed.

Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc. 1195 Atlas Road Columbia, SC 29209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(803) 647-9757 Jinwei Yang MDA 08-024 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	AlInN/GaN heterostructures for X-band RF power amplification
Abstract:	SETI proposes to develop and commercialize innovative technology for AlInN/GaN heterostructure growth and metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor (MOSHFET) fabrication for the high power X-band operation. Our technical approach is based on the proprietary and patented MEMOCVD® growth technology which allows for high quality III-Nitride epitaxial material deposition at reduced temperatures required for In incorporation. Novel epitaxial structure design will be combined with our patented MOSHFET technology and patent-pending five-terminal transistor design to reduce the gate leakage, eliminate current collapse and suppress the ¡°spread¡± of the gate region toward the drain under high drain bias in order to demonstrate stable high-power performance at X-band frequency.

MEMtronics Corporation 3000 Custer Road Suite 270-400 Plano, TX 75075
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(214) 552-7055 Chuck Goldsmith MDA 08-025 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Broadband MEMS-PolyStrata Phase Shifters for High Power Operation
Abstract:	This project proposes the co-integration of the lowest loss MEMS switches (MEMtronics capacitive MEMS switches) and the lowest loss interconnect technology, that of Nuvotronics PolyStrata technology. Together, these two emerging technologies offer the best solution for building broadband, high-power, phase shifter networks which meet the upcoming requirements for US military ballistic missile defense systems. The goal of this program is to combine RF MEMS switches having improved reliability, with low-loss interconnects and reactive components, to create broadband, high-power phase shifter networks which operate over the 8-12 GHz frequency range. These networks will support a 4-channel phase shifter network composed of a single RF input divided into four independent phase-shifted output channels. This network will support output power levels of greater than 5W peak/channel and greater than 2W average/channel. In addition, this network will possess switching delays of less than 5 microseconds, phase resolution of at least four bits, and less than 2 dB insertion loss between the network input and the output of each phase shifter channel.

Radant MEMS, Inc. 255 Hudson Road Stow, MA 01775
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 562-3866 John Maciel MDA 08-025 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High-Power RF-MEMS Phase Shifters for Phased-Array Applications
Abstract:	Active phased array radars are expensive and solid state power and low noise amplifiers are a major component of that expense. Sharing these amplifiers amongst many antenna elements is a strategy for reducing expense. However, in order to maintain independent phase control, the phase shifter and its attendant insertion loss must then be inserted between the amplifier and the aperture instead of being positioned behind the amplifiers. The phase shifter RF insertion loss then adds to the receiver noise figure and subtracts from the transmitter output which requires the phase shifter to have very low insertion loss (<2 dB) to avoid degrading system performance. Phase shifters employing PHEMTs or PIN diodes (that require substantial control power) cannot achieve this low insertion loss. Radant MEMS switches with their inherently low insertion loss, high linearity, and negligible control power now offer a solution. The hermetically sealed, high power Radant switches offer switching lifetimes (>100 billion cycles) compatible with military requirements and RF power handling capacity (10 W) accommodating of many transmitter outputs. It is now possible to integrate these switches on a single substrate along with phase delay and advance networks to create an integrated phase shifter with the required performance parameters.

Data Fusion Corporation 10190 Bannock Street Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80260
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 872-2145 Wolfgang Kober MDA 08-026 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Multistatic Sea-Based Radar Concepts and Architectures
Abstract:	Data Fusion Corporation (DFC) and Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems-Naval and Electronic Surveillance Systems proposes the development of Sea-RAD: an analysis and simulation software toolkit for evaluating multi-static sea-based radar registration and data communications algorithms and architectures for centralized and distributed fusion processing. Technology elements will include a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radar capability and enhanced DFC’s Precise Positioning Algorithm for enhanced GPS position accuracies for platforms.

Physical Sciences Inc. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Peter M. Mayer MDA 08-026 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Robust Multistatic Sea-based Radar
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop, evaluate, and compare three architectures for multistatic radar for Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD). The architectures include a base-line approach and two more advanced refinements: MIMO statistical synthesis and coherent receiver aperture synthesis. The key innovation enabling this study will be the development of a user-friendly computational tool for multi-static radar allowing the effects of radar platform errors (time, position, velocity, and pointing) and system constraints (finite communication bandwidth for resource management and co- registration of radar platforms) to be directly tested and compared. This software tool will leverage existing software and enable both detailed (I/Q level) simulation of multistatic radar returns using in-service radar waveforms and signal processing tools, with a fully simulated physical scene including platform errors. General user-specified RF waveforms are supported along with various target/threat models. The result of the program will be: 1) a robust multistatic architecture, evaluated in terms of the detection ROC curve and fused coherent position/velocity resolution; 2) a functional simulation supporting further refinements in signal processing, fusion algorithm, and radar resource management for BMD.

Propagation Research Associates 1275 Kennestone Circle Suite 100 Marietta, GA 30066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 384-3412 Robert Bock MDA 08-026 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Multistatic Sea-Based Radar Concepts and Architectures
Abstract:	Propagation Research Associates, Inc., (PRA) proposes two time-alignment techniques that can be implemented using existing radar systems to achieve coherency among multiple sea-based radar platforms operating in a multistatic configuration. For the first technique, the baseline multistatic technique, a single ship-based radar is designated as the primary transmitter for a multistatic sea-based system. The baseline technique uses a waveform transmitted from the primary radar to a cooperative target that is then received, delayed and/or encoded, and re-transmitted by each distributed radar system to determine time-of-arrival from each radar to the cooperative target. A unique Coherent Trilateration technology is used to estimate random clock errors among radar systems for timing correction. The second technique, the enhanced multiplatform technique, uses multiple diverse waveforms transmitted from every platform simultaneously to determine the times-of-arrival from each radar to the cooperative target and back to every radar which imparts additional spatial smoothing for improved time-alignment convergence as compared to the baseline technique. PRA plans to integrate an inertial sensor and star tracker system to measure the position and orientation of each radar antenna in an inertial frame to reduce antenna position biases and will use its knowledge of refractive effects to estimate propagation biases.

Agiltron Corporation 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Geoffrey Burnham MDA 08-027 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wideband photonics-based beamformer with multiple beams
Abstract:	The multi-beam beamformer can benefit MDA’s radar sensor and communication. In this program, Agiltron proposes a photonics-based, multi-beam, low-loss beamformer. Agiltron’s variable fiber optic time delay lines will provide true time delay for the beamformer to form, steer, point and track the RF beams for ground-base, airborne or other RF systems. The proposed beamformer, leveraging on the recent development of the photonic devices and components, obtains lots of advantages beyond the current technologies on broad frequency range; multi beams; reconfigurable, low RF insertion loss, high data rate; random steering; wide coverage and anti-jammers as well as low SWaP. In Phase I, we will build a model to simulate the overall beamformer, which includes the DFB laser, dispersion TTD, VOA, PD and other components. A two-beam 4- antenna testing module will be developed in Phase I for the evaluation of the technical approach. The evaluation and simulation in Phase I will provide results that will show how this powerful new module can widely benefit MDA and other DoD agents in radar and communications systems.

Innovative Technology 6806 West 3rd Street #28-16 Greeley, CO 80634
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 488-0304 James Whelehan MDA 08-027 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wideband Beamformer
Abstract:	An innovative wideband beamformer is proposed that covers the entire 7 to 14GHz frequency range with greater than 10 independent steerable beams that can be scanned +/-60 degrees. Any given signal will have an instantaneous bandwidth of at least 60MHz over the full octave bandwidth of the beamformer.Future surveillance radars need to be more agile. These future radars need to have two dimensional scanning capability when operating in either the receive or transmit mode. Our design encompasses both the transmit and receive architecture for the beamformer. The innovative design that we are proposing can be readily developed for a planar array and an orthogonal scan-plane application. The beamformer that we are proposing has an insertion loss of approximately 0dB and an isolation of greater than 30dB. Based on our initial design, a two-sided package for a 16-Channel LNA/Divider/Phase-shifter Module has dimensions of approximately 0.485 x 0.5 x 0.25 inches. The successful development of the beamformer will accelerate other applications in communication and ECM systems.

Applied Radar, Inc. 210 Airport Street Quonset Point North Kingstown, RI 02852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 295-0062 William H. Weedon MDA 08-028 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wideband Sub-Array Digital Receiver Exciter (DREX) Development and Packaging
Abstract:	This proposal will address the development of a wideband digital receiver and exciter (DREX) technology for next-generation scalable missile-defense radar. A DREX is currently being specified at the sub-array level to feed an analog tile or panel subarray in order to generate flexible waveforms and beams with improved performance. The technical challenge is to meet the required receiver sensitivity, dynamic range, spurious response, bandwidth, waveform parameters, etc. at an acceptable cost in this new distributed architecture. Applied Radar, Inc. is currently developing a VME-based DREX architecture that will support multiple (~10-50) channel panel-based BMD radar demonstrations. In Phase I, we will investigate and quantify the performance and cost of the current DREX architecture, and determine what modifications are needed to integrate the hardware into a large scalable array that is suitable for the battlefield. We will also investigate emerging technologies including receiver-on-a-chip (ROC) and waveform generation methods for possible integration into the DREX architecture. In Phase II, these changes will be implemented into the DREX hardware, and the DREX will be integrated with existing analog tile and panel arrays. We will work with BMD prime contractors to determine insertion opportunities for this DREX technology in various radar applications.

Azure Summit Technology, Inc. 12587 Fair Lakes Circle #342 Fairfax, VA 22033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 272-1320 Scott Bierly MDA 08-028 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wideband Sub-Array Digital Receiver Exciter (DREX) Development and Packaging
Abstract:	Next generation Radars (NGR) for MDA will advance closer to the ideal of a fully digitized array and digital beamforming. In a conventional phased array radar (PAR), analog beamforming networks reduce the entire array into a few combined beams (e.g., sum beam, difference beams) at X-band. Next generation PAR will use a hybrid approach, forming many subarray beams in analog, and then performing a second-stage of beamforming digitally. In analog beamforming systems, only a few DREX modules are needed for the entire radar (one for each beam). For a next-generation hybrid radar, a DREX module is needed for each subarray. Since this could mean hundreds of DREX modules might be required in a complete system, this puts pressure on cost, size, weight, and power (CSWAP) of the DREX module and subsystem. Azure Summit Technology has teamed with a world-class production supplier of small form-factor RF transceiver equipment to develop a reduced CSWAP DREX architecture and product concept for Next Generation Radar. We will leverage the latest RFIC and DSP technologies in mass production for commercial wireless and telecom markets to realize this goal, based on strong experience in RF systems design and DSP systems engineering.

Aegis Technology 3300 A Westminister Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92703
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 554-5511 Timothy Lin MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Power Inverters and Converters for Next Generation Transmit Receive (T/R) Module Power Supplies
Abstract:	This SBIR project is to develop and demonstrate high-efficiency, compact power converters based on the emerging wide-bandgap SiC semiconductor technology, which can be applied in the power supply system for next generation GaN-based radar T/R modules. Wide-bandgap SiC power devices have the potential for reliable operations at higher voltages, higher frequencies and higher junction temperatures, thus higher power densities than what can be achieved with Si devices. These advantages enable the SiC - based power conversion systems (PCM) to be made smaller, lightweight, more efficient and robust. Despite this potential promise, more studies are needed to address the design and fabrication of SiC-based PCMs before their full potential can be realized. This project will develop and demonstrate a high-efficiency, compact SiC-based power converter system, resolving the related technical issues and demonstrating the benefits of using SiC power devices in a system level. The feasibility study in the proposed Phase I project will focus the supporting technologies to implement a 5 KW SiC-based converter, including: (1) Circuit design of two simple representative SiC-based converter topologies (DC-AC, and DC-DC buck) and modeling to evaluate the converter performance (power loss, efficiency, and weight/size of heatsink etc.), (2) High temperature packaging and high power density thermal management to support the SiC converter, and (3) Gate drive design suitable for SiC power devices that will enable the devices to work at high power densities and high frequencies.

Kyma Technologies, Inc. 8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27617
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 789-8880 Drew Hanser MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	GaN-based Schottky Diodes for Power Converters in X-band Radar Power Supplies
Abstract:	Kyma Technologies proposes to develop high performance GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) using high quality native GaN substrates. The inherent properties of the native substrate and the high quality epitaxy will enable novel technology advances beyond the current GaN SBD state of the art, and these devices will benefit power converters in X-band radar power supplies through fast, low-loss switching capabilities. Kyma will leverage existing partnerships with highly experienced research teams at North Carolina State University and Auburn University for device epitaxy and processing, respectively.

Nitek Inc 1804 Salem Church Road Irmo, SC 29063
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(877) 230-5338 Vinod Adivarahan MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	AlInN-GaN High Voltage Enhancement Mode HEMT for Power Converters-Inverters
Abstract:	The goal of the Phase I program is to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-voltage, high- temperature insulating gate AlInN-GaN/i-SiC enhancement-mode HEMT to serve as the basic building block of a power converter/inverter. Our technical approach is to use lattice matched AlInN-GaN epilayers in conjunction with a field-plated insulating gate HEMT device design and a fluorine treatment to accomplish the goal. We believe that the combination of lattice matched AlInN field-plated HEMTs, a unique pulsed PECVD insulator deposition and the use of a controlled fluorine treatment should overcome the issues currently faced by the AlGaN-GaN based technology. Large gate devices will be fabricated in the Phase I to establish the feasibility of our device design. Nitek currently has the baseline materials technology which is sufficient for our Phase I program needs. It will also to be improved under a separate Air-Force supported Phase I SBIR program. The suitability of our devices for military and commercial applications will be established via a joint processing and device testing program with DOD test labs (WPAFB and the Joint Services Task Team). In the Phase II program we will expand the gate peripheries, develop the packaging for thermal management and demonstrate circuits using the AlInN- GaN HEMT building block. In the Phase III program we will develop a large volume manufacturing technology for epitaxial wafers and devices for supply to DOD and commercial outfits in a strategic partnership with a large company.

Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc. 1195 Atlas Road Columbia, SC 29209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(803) 647-9757 Remis Gaska MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	AlInGaN MOSHFET Power Converters
Abstract:	We propose to develop and commercialize III-Nitride insulated gate MOSHFET-based power converters for radar T/R modules power supplies. Based on our experience in high power III-N MOSHFET development and figures of merit discussed below, we strongly believe that this device is the most promising for achieving the best combination of low ON-resistance, high operating voltage and high switching frequencies. It is also the best wide bandgap device type that allows for stable and reliable operation at required high voltage and current levels.

United Silicon Carbide, Inc New Brunswick Technology Center 100 Jersey Ave.Building A New Brunswick, NJ 08901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 565-9500 Leonid Fursin MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High-Voltage and High-Frequency Power Switch for Next Generation Transmit Receiver Module Power Supplies
Abstract:	In response to SBIR topic MDA 08-029, USCI proposes to develop a unique 4H-SiC super- junction lateral JFET (SL-JFET), based on a novel and simple design, to solve all of the remaining problems facing the development of 4H-SiC power switches for resonant high- frequency power converter in radar applications, including the problems of high output coupling capacitance of vertical SiC MOSFETs that lead to low resonant frequency and efficiency, low channel electron mobility that leads to a high specific resistance and hence low resonant switching frequency and efficiency,low gate oxide reliability under high-temperature and high electric field which lead to MOSFET gate threshold voltage drift, and a lack of reliable passivation for GaN power switches. In Phase I, we plan to design and optimize the device structure, simulate and predict the performance characteristics of the device, develop a circuit model for high frequency inverter simulations, design the layout and masks, develop the critical processing technologies needed for the device fabrication. In Phase II, we propose to fabricate multiple batches of the optimized device targeting the high-voltage and high-frequency required for the inverter, demonstrate high-frequency switching with packaged devices. We will focus on commercialization development under privately funded Phase II.

Velox Semiconductor Corporation 394 Elizabeth Avenue Somerset, NJ 08873
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 469-3345 Milan Pophristic MDA 08-029 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Power Inverters and Converters for Next Generation Transmit Receive (T/R) Module Power Supplies
Abstract:	GaN (Gallium Nitride) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HFET) devices face severe thermal control problems as a result of high power densities which result from the need for more power and the ongoing reduction in geometries of individual devices. The device lattice temperature increases under high power causing several detriment effects: a) The carrier phonon scattering rate increases causing a reduction of the carrier mobility and an increase of the device resistance. Under certain bias conditions, the increase of device on-resistance could lead to an increase of the dissipated power and therefore a destructive thermal run-away. b) High lattice temperature increases the reliability risk and decreases the device lifetime. The Velox team proposes transferring and optimizing the existing AlGaN/GaN HFET MOCVD epitaxial deposition and device fabrication process developed by Velox Semiconductor Corp. on Si to a high thermally conductive silicon-on- diamond substrate developed by sp3 Inc. The team also intends to demonstrate initial devices for power inverters and converters in power supplies supporting X-band radar utilizing these substrates. This solution can provide a significant device performance and reliability improvement due to better device thermal management. The complete achievement of the Phase I goals will set the baseline process flow for device fabrication.

FIRST RF CORPORATION 4865 Sterling Drive Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Dean Paschen MDA 08-030 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Calibration techniques for very large arrays
Abstract:	Phased array antenna systems are growing in use within military systems. These arrays of thousands of elements need precise control of the aperture distributions to meet requirements for gain, sidelobes, etc. Errors in these phase and amplitude distributions over time will degrade the performance of these apertures. FIRST RF favors simple concepts with little or no hardware impact that fully characterize the entire phased array system. These methods make maximum use of existing hardware, and allow background calibration tasks to be run during normal operation. Accurate, unobtrusive methods for continuous calibration of large phased arrays produce savings during fabrication by relaxing the tight requirements on mounting structures and temperature stable RF components. In some field environments where the full array is assembled for the first time on site, factory calibration is not practical, and these approaches offer accurate means for system verification. FIRST RF proposes a set of novel calibration methods that are unobtrusive to system architecture and operations, while providing accurate, fast, and continuous calibration of the phased array in the field. The proposed concepts will find application in commercial markets like automotive and aerospace through the cost benefits of life-cycle calibration that operates from fabrication through replacement.

GMR Research & Technology, Inc. 1814 Main Street Concord, MA 01742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 461-2800 Gil Raz MDA 08-030 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Calibration techniques for very large arrays
Abstract:	GMR Research & Technology (GMR) proposes to develop real-time digital methods to compensate for analog distortions in large RF arrays. In particular we will address manifold distortions caused by geometry, electronic, and near-field distortions. In this phase of the SBIR effort we will develop this approach for X-band arrays of at least 16 by 16 elements with at least 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. Our method is expected to achieve an improvement of at least 15dB over all angles and all frequencies in the RMS errors introduced by these calibration distortions. We will use beam-forming null depth as one of our metrics to show these improvements. This approach will be equally applicable to planar arrays and conformal arrays GMR has a track record of successfully using novel proprietary digital techniques for mitigating analog and mixed signal based distortion for government systems. In particular we use such techniques to mitigate receiver distortions including nonlinear and channel mismatch errors. Here we extend our methods to include multi-channel mismatch errors in the form of very large RF arrays.

ARC Technology 13076 NW 120th St. Whitewater, KS 67154
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(316) 799-2763 William Carey MDA 08-031 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	High Power Terminal Protection for Radar Systems
Abstract:	Recent advances in directed energy weapons (DEW) require radar systems to implement front door protection against high power signals. Although nonlinear protection elements have been successfully employed in the past, fast ultra wideband (UWB) and high power microwave (HPM) signals are not successfully blocked by most current circuit protection technologies. This proposal details the development of a quasi-passive, solid state electro-optic terminal protection system (EOTPS) to effectively block UWB and HPM signals from the front end of radar systems. The device uses power from the incoming transient to switch the signal line to ground. But because the system as a whole requires no external power other than the transient, it can be considered a passive device. Inherent delay in the system permits the switch to become fully conductive before the transient arrives, effectively creating a system with a negative switching time. This allows the entire transient to be reflected, in contrast to other high power terminal protection techniques which allow part of the transient to pass to the LNA.

Ionic Systems Inc. 2161 OToole Avenue Unit H San Jose, CA 95131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 435-2680 Ronald M. Kubacki MDA 08-031 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Innovative Hardware Technologies for Anti-Jam and Electromagnetic Attack Rejection in Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) Radars
Abstract:	MDA 08-31 B083-031-0385 9/18/08. The proposed innovation is for a new nanocomposite material that transforms basic electrical properties from insulating dielectric to metamaterial metalic like conductor depending on the application of a damaging electromagnetic field. As a nanocomposite dielectric, the material will not only act as an insulator but have an ultra low dielectric constant so as to be transparent to wireless radio frequency transmission. In the presence of a damaging electromagnetic field, the material will change orientation on the molecular level to an "on" state becoming a higher dielectric constant conductor that reflects and dissipates to ground the attacking energy.

Plasma Sciences Corporation 7001 Shallowford Road Chattanooga, TN 37421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(423) 894-4646 Benjamin Simmons MDA 08-031 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Power System Protection from EMP Attack Using Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract:	Protection of the power and system interconnects supporting the BMDS radar systems can be a vulnerability of the radar system and of the supporting C2 infrastructure. Existing technology is capable of meeting <5ns mitigation time scales of over-voltage events. Using CNT arrays with microstrip circuitry and waveguide fabrication, Accurate Automation Corporation has demonstrated repeatable, consistent, long-term systems capable of protecting the radar aperture from High Power fast rise time HPM attacks scenarios with sub-nanosecond response times. System interconnects including AC and DC power connection points are vulnerable to induced line noise and can be a pathway to failure of a system from the inside out. Adequate protections from front door to back door are required for a complete insulation of the BMDS system from a HPM event. Accurate Automation Corporation has a well defined history of the utilization of CNT arrays for passive EMP / HPM mitigation across a broad range of RF bands and in various system applications ranging from PC Board applications, waveguide, and SMA or N type interconnects for 1-20 GHz protection. This approach can be extended to the AC and DC power systems proposed within and will be demonstrated during the Phase I execution.

Tritec Systems, Inc. 4825 University Square, Suite 7 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 653-6145 Anthony Kikel MDA 08-031 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Innovative Hardware Technologies for Anti-Jam and Electromagnetic Attack Rejection in Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) Radars
Abstract:	The proposed research will investigate the application of conductive high field emission microstructures encapsulated in a non-linear polymer binder material to develop a coatable, limiter technology for development of a Planar Metamaterial Limiter Coating (PMLC). The PMLC clamping, power handling, insertion losses, and critical performance parameters will be investigated. This research will serve as a feasibility demonstration for the insertion of the PMLC into MDA radars, communications, and GPS receiver systems. This research will form the basis for the development of a new, easily integrated category of inexpensive limiting solutions, formed by an applied coating that will act as the limiter. The PMLC will be completely passive, self-contained and heat dissipative. The PMLC brass board demonstration in this Phase I will demonstrate a high field emission distributed microstructure’s interaction with a non-linear material to provide maximal limiting of an incident HPM or UWB threat. The research will include but not be limited to: a brass board fabrication, a nanomaterials application, and a feasibility demonstration all of which are traceable to a production focused, surface coated limiter technology.

Computational Physics, Inc. 8001 Braddock Road Ste 210 Springfield, VA 22151
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 764-7501 Charles Poole MDA 08-032 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Integrated UV/VIS/IR background phenomenology models for radiation transport system trades
Abstract:	Computational Physics, Inc. (CPI) proposes to develop prototype first-principle cloud and terrain physics models integrated into a robust and extensible component architecture that facilitates the assessment of the impact of terrain and cloud radiance and irradiance in the UV/VIS/IR wavebands on missile defense systems. The prototype will also be used to demonstrate support for observational forecasting for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) scenarios. The prototype components will take advantage of readily available satellite imagery to demonstrate the ability to improve model performance and accuracy and to expand the range of possible terrain and cloud scenes that can be visualized. Focus on decoupling of core phenomenology algorithms and the development of computational kernels to support those algorithms will allow CPI to improve algorithm performance and to take advantage of massively parallel computing hardware. The model components will be integrated into the FLITES scene generation program. FLITES is the next-generation optical signature code that will be used throughout the DoD to support targeting algorithm development programs and measurement and signature intelligence activities. Its improved capabilities will be of great benefit to the missile defense community.

Spectral Sciences, Inc. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 James Duff MDA 08-032 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Next Generation Terrain and Cloud Background Models for System Studies
Abstract:	Atmospheric effects, especially the impact of clouds, play a major role in remote sensing applications, and in particular, the design of defense and surveillance systems. Of special importance, is the effects of clouds and terrain on ballistic missile launch detection and tracking. The detection of a ballistic missile launch beneath an optically opaque cloud deck in the presence of a solar-reflected background off clouds is a particularly stressing scenario. The potential utility of any proposed sensor concept for missile launch detection is typically evaluated through a system-level study which involves consideration of a threat system launch against a wide range of plausible conditions spanning the full space of possible backgrounds. Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) proposes to develop and demonstrate a fast, robust three-dimensional (3D) scene generation algorithm to fulfill MDA needs for accurate cloud and terrain background models for ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths. To develop this model, we will build on SSI’s previously gained knowledge and on the use of existing background models, expanding their utility to develop an efficient, high spatial resolution 3D cloud and terrain capability. The model will be consistent with the current MDA scene generation models, such as FLITES and SSGM.

Physical Sciences Inc. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 David B. Oakes MDA 08-033 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Development of Validated Plume Signature Codes at Nontraditional Wavelengths Utilizing Ground Based Simulation Facilities
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to utilize ground-based simulation facilities to obtain the critical data necessary to validate plume codes extended to include Ultraviolet(UV), Visible(Vis) and Long Wave InfraRed(LWIR) signatures. These plume signatures include both a near-field component at all altitudes and a far-field component at higher altitudes where hyperthermal reactions with the atmosphere occur. In Phase I we propose to focus on phenomena associated with the far-field plume of the MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH)/N2O4 bipropellant thruster. We will use our tunable, hypervelocity oxygen atom source (6-12 km/s) to measure the velocity dependent cross section of oxygen atoms reacting with one component of the thruster exhaust. The data will be input to the plume code, SOCRATES/P, and the plume radiance from the candidate reaction will be calculated under several scenarios. In Phase II we plan to examine phenomena and signatures associated with both the near and far-field plumes of a thruster technology of critical interest to MDA. Measurements in the near-field may include characterization of the absolute spectral radiance in the LWIR and/or UV/Vis as a function of engine characteristics (start-up and shutdown transients, Oxidizer/Fuel ratio). The far-field measurements will include characterization of the velocity dependent cross sections of additional far-field reactions.

Spectral Sciences, Inc. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Matthew Braunstein MDA 08-033 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Propulsion Kinetics for Alternate Wavelength Signatures (PAWS)
Abstract:	Several BMDS sensor concepts are considering passive exploitation of signature features outside the 2.0-5.0 micron range. However, current signature models are focused primarily on this relatively narrow band in the infrared. We propose to develop a set of software modules called PAWS (Propulsion Kinetics for Alternate Wavelength Signatures) and integrate them into existing MDA signature tools to extend their applicability to alternative bands. PAWS modules will consist of molecular rate, spectral bandmodel, and material property databases, and post-processing software. The PAWS approach anchors innovative kinetic modeling of detailed signature mechanisms to high- level computations and flight and laboratory observations. In Phase I, we will identify and prioritize the required phenomena, develop the PAWS modules, and integrate them into the existing MDA SOCRATES-P/FLITES high altitude plume signature codes as an upgrade. We will then demonstrate and validate the upgraded SOCRATES-P/FLITES codes against field data, focusing on the long-wave infrared (LWIR). In Phases II and III, we will extend the PAWS physics approach to lower altitudes and other alternative wavelengths. We will also identify other signature processes, integrate PAWS into additional MDA signature codes as an upgrade, and validate the upgraded codes against field data.

Combustion Research and Flow Technology, Inc. 6210 Kellers Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Neera Sinha MDA 08-034 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Enhancements to Continuum Plume Flowfield Models for Transitional Flow Simulations
Abstract:	Characteristics of missile plume signature emissions have a great potential to enhance defensive capabilities in a number of important areas related to Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMDS). Supporting MDA’s engineering applications related to missile typing, discrimination, tracking, algorithm development, etc. requires estimation of many parameters by the plume models, which can be very expensive for complex high-altitude targets that are not easily measured. High-fidelity, high altitude plume modeling of threat systems emphasizing IR signature is now at an advanced stage, utilizing a MDA- sponsored highly efficient, well-validated continuum CFD plume models which is coupled to a very accurate but computationally expensive DSMC plume model at a breakdown surface for hybrid simulations. Fortunately, significant efficiency can be realized by implementing state-of-the-art extensions of continuum methodology, proposed for Phase I, that will enable computationally-efficient, numerically robust and accurate simulations of high-altitude, missile plume flowfields in transitional and rarefied regimes. The simulations of the new extended continuum plume model will be validated against existing hybrid CFD/DSMC plume flowfield and IR signature predictions, providing a firm foundation for maturation of the MDA continuum plume model into a production-oriented capability with detailed validation, limitations and operational procedures clearly established during Phase II.

Computational Sciences, LLC 2317-A Market Place Huntsvillle, AL 35801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 270-0956 Edward J. Kansa MDA 08-034 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Unified Methodology for Simulation of Continuum and Rarefied Flows
Abstract:	We propose to develop a stand-alone computational module for seamlessly extending the validity of continuum CFD codes into transitional and rarefied flow regimes. The module will be designed for implementation in to existing legacy codes for use in characterization of high altitude plume flows. The approach is based on a novel, regularized set of Navier- Stokes equations (RNS) that is extended to account for kinetic effects (intermediate Knudsen number, fluctuations) in the continuum approximation. RNS has several important features not found in classical NS equations that are of direct relevance high altitude plume flows: (a) Natural accounting of both continuum and rarefied gas flow regimes; and (b) Kolmogorov-scale field fluctuations resulting from a mathematical model that accounts for turbulent diffusion in a natural manner that allows direct simulation of phenomena such as laminar-turbulence transition and wall slip effects. Phase I will focus on development of a stand-alone, computational module prototype incorporating the RNS approach. The module will be connected to a characteristics-based high order compressible flow code with particle transport capabilities and will be exercised and evaluated against experimental data for a model problem that contains elements of both continuum and rarefied flows. Phase II will couple the module to flow and radiation codes used by MDA.

Metacomp Technologies, Inc. 28632 Roadside Drive, #255 Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 735-4880 Sukumar MDA 08-034 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Enhancements to Continuum Plume Flowfield Models for Transitional Flow Simulations
Abstract:	Metacomp Technologies proposes to explore, evaluate, select and implement several improvements in fidelity and computational effectiveness to enhance continuum modeling approaches for near-transitional flow regime.

HyPerComp, Inc. 2629 Townsgate Road Suite 105 Westlake Village, CA 91361
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 371-7556 Vijaya Shankar MDA 08-035 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Signature Prediction and Uncertainty Analysis for Radar-based MDA Applications
Abstract:	A new, highly efficient physics-based approach is proposed for mapping the variation in RCS of MDA targets of interest over the full range of angle, frequency, geometry, and material properties relevant in missile defense scenarios. This approach implements recent developments in reduced-basis methodology (RBM) for Maxwell’s equations and combines the speed of RBM evaluations with the efficiency of stochastic collocation for uncertainty quantification to produce valid statistical measures of RCS variability, as well as RCS estimates of certified accuracy for each condition of observation. This RBM approach to RCS evaluation is built on generating accurate full-wave solutions for a small subset of the various parameters. In the proposed program, these solutions will be computed using the TEMPUS full-wave solver, which has demonstrated the ability to capture all the subtle effects of target structure on the radar return. For very large targets, the Cross-Flux technique will be used to combine TEMPUS and Xpatch solutions to produce an accurate hybrid solution. Speedup of the TEMPUS solver itself will be sought by implementing local time-stepping and variable-order local field representations. Porting the solver algorithms to a graphics card architecture will also be investigated, as that strategy offers speedups of 20 to 100.

Jin Consulting, Inc. 2808 Willow Bend Rd. Champaign, IL 61822
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 778-9535 Yanqing (Joanna) MDA 08-035 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Signature Prediction and Uncertainty Analysis for Radar-based MDA Applications
Abstract:	The objectives of this proposal are to develop and demonstrate a novel physics-based computational electromagnetics (CEM) algorithm for accurate and efficient predication of radar signatures of MDA objects of interest (MOIs) and to implement and demonstrate a robust stochastic collocation-based algorithm for efficiently quantifying the effect of geometrical and material uncertainties on the signature prediction. The proposed CEM algorithm is based on the hybrid finite element and boundary integral method, which has been known for its high accuracy and great capabilities to model complex geometries and anisotropic, inhomogeneous, composite materials, both of which are critical for modeling of MOIs. To significantly enhance the efficiency of signature prediction, the proposed algorithm incorporates a novel numerical scheme to exploit either the continuous or the discrete rotational symmetry present in most MOIs and a novel frequency-sweep technique based on adaptive solution space projection to compute broadband radar signature. The proposed uncertainty analysis employs a stochastic collocation method that permits the direct use of the proposed CEM algorithm to compute radar signature for significantly fewer samples than required by the traditional Monte-Carlo method. The hybridization of these novel advanced algorithms will result in a highly accurate and efficient tool to compute the radar signatures of MOIs and to quantify potential errors due to geometrical/material modeling uncertainty.

Charles River Analytics Inc. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Brad Rosenberg MDA 08-036 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Simulation Optimization Engine (SIMON) for Missile Defense
Abstract:	As evidenced by recent events, missile defense remains a crucial component for protecting the United States and her allies from potential long range threats. Modeling and simulation (M&S) is recognized by the Missile Defense Agency as a key enabling technology supporting Warfighters and analysts alike in Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) design, testing, performance assessment, training, wargaming, and system acquisition. The use of M&S becomes even more essential as the numbers, capabilities, complex behaviors, and interactions between evolving BMDS elements, configurations and threats dramatically increase. Currently, however, exploration of decision variables within a BMDS-level simulation is a manual process lacking an automated method to determine the optimal parameters for offensive scenario designs or BMDS configurations. To satisfy these needs, we propose to design and demonstrate the feasibility of a Simulation Optimization Engine (SIMON) for missile defense. SIMON features the use of evolutionary algorithms to discover optimal parameters for BMDS-level simulations. This is complemented by a suite of graphical configuration, analysis, and visualization tools to support the M&S analyst in exploring and understanding the design optimization space. This capability will be integrated with modern BMDS simulations to support automated exploration of offensive scenario designs, BMDS architectures, and operational decision- making strategies.

Intelligent Automation, Inc. 15400 Calhoun Drive Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5241 Renato Levy MDA 08-036 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	A Scalable, Flexible and Efficient Simulation Optimization Tool for Ballistic Missile Defense
Abstract:	IAI propose to develop an innovative simulation optimization tool for missile defense. This tool will be the synergy of an integrated process diagram, simulation optimization algorithm of combining Nested Partition and Optimal Computing Budget Allocation, and distributed computation. Representing each simulation model explicitly as an interoperable object, we propose to use an interconnected process diagram to represent the system-level simulation optimization problem for missile defense. In the process diagram, each node represents a process to simulate and these nodes are connected to form the system- level decomposition of a complex problem. Inside each process, multiple models, not limited to simulation models, can be placed. The connections between processes are the mappings of variables. The process diagram will integrate various simulation and analytical models using generic interfaces. Our proposed simulation optimization algorithm integrates two state-of-the-art techniques: Nested Partition and Optimal Computing Budget Allocation. Since the dependencies between simulation models and simulation replications are limited, we propose to use distributed computation with automatic control of computational resources to speed up the simulation process. In the distributed computation, simulation models grouped in simulation replications can run concurrently.

OptTek Systems, Inc. 1919 Seventh Street Boulder, CO 80302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 447-3255 James Kelly MDA 08-036 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	OptDef: BMDS-Level Simulation Optimization
Abstract:	OptTek proposes to create a new methodology and tool set, “OptDef,” that will provide MDA a capability to optimize Ballistic Missile Defense systems—a capability that will enable MDA to answer credibly not only “what if?,” but also “what’s best?” and “why this and not that?” OptDef will build on proven OptTek-proprietary technologies in simulation optimization that will leverage MDA’s investment in such credible and accredited BMDS- level performance tools as SABER, CAPS, I-SIM, DE Sim and LIDS. OptDef will significantly increase the effective utility of BMDS simulation models, allowing analysts to optimize more than 10,000 continuous and/or discrete system decision variables. OptDef’s technology will seamlessly integrate with MDA simulation systems without modifying or affecting the simulation systems in any way. Toward fulfillment of this SBIR’s long-term objective, Phase I will address the following technical objectives: • Provide and validate initial formulation of OptDef framework and technical requirements • Develop and verify initial design concept for the OptDef framework and enabling software components, including presentation of BMDS-level performance • Demonstrate proof-of-concept of key enabling simulation optimization using prototype OptDef optimization software

Amtec Corporation 500 Wynn Dr. Suite 314 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 319-0857 Bryan Hughes MDA 08-037 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Innovative, High Performance, and Radiation Hardened Interceptor Software Defined Radio
Abstract:	Avionics systems currently utilized in BMDS interceptors are considered too expensive, bulky, and heavy, utilizing old technology that does not meet the performance requirements for future interceptor technologies, such as the Kinetic Energy Interceptors (KEI), Multiple Kill Vehicle (MKV), and the recently proposed Agile Kill Vehicle (AKV). The government is particularly interested in technologies and concepts that maximize agility, single shot probability of kill, and employment envelope, while minimizing size and life costs. Amtec and its large business partner Rockwell Collins propose to address the requirements of the topic solicitation as well as current and future interceptor communication link subsystems. The proposed solution to this topic will have relevance across BMDS by providing high performance, small size, commonality, and cost savings required for reliable communications between BMDS elements. While the current efforts focuses on near term goals that are lower risk, this proposed effort allows Amtec and Rockwell Collins to probe higher risk technologies and integration levels that would meet performance and size and mass requirements provided by the solicitation topic as well as be compatible with legacy communication links within BMDS.

System Technology Associates, Inc. 120 Holmes Ave Ne Suite 401 Huntsville, AL 35801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 512-0996 Harold B. Buie MDA 08-037 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	End-to-End BMDS Interceptor / Ground Terminal Communication Links
Abstract:	This is a place holder. It is the new paradigm of Architectural Health Monitoring that offers the promise of increased probability of message delivery reliability in a hostile wartime environment. An Architectural Health Monitoring construct of the BMDS Fire Control and Interceptor/Kill Vehicles will require near real time analysis of command and control Information message traffic under adverse atmospheric / ionospheric propagation within Open-Air Links of an end-to-end communication links architecture. Design, Implementation, and Testing of complex hardware configurations within Architectural Structural Health Monitoring for Communication Architectures UTILIZE FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) as the foundational building blocks to Emulate the Communication Links, Develop Operational/Test Timelines, and Capture Fading Channel Timing Impacts that are used to build a Communications Structural Health Monitoring Test- Bed and Toolset. Nuclear propagated Communication Link Impacts in conjunction with induced fading channel disturbances and message traffic environments will provide the basis for analysis of system wide communication traffic required for Mission Readiness and Assurance

Welkin Sciences, LLC 102 S. Tejon Suite 200 Colorado Springs, CO 80903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 520-5115 Blair E. Sawyer MDA 08-037 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	End-to-End BMDS Interceptor / Ground Terminal Communication Links
Abstract:	Welkin Sciences proposes to develop the Interceptor Missile Communication Relay Architecture (IMCRA), a hardened communication network specifically tailored to support robust data communication between a ground terminal and interceptor missiles under severe war-time environments. IMCRA is an extension of the Advanced Interceptor Data Link (AIDL) currently under development by Welkin Sciences. The AIDL itself is a very robust upgrade to the current In-flight Interceptor Communication Systems (IFICS). The AIDL employs several mitigation design techniques that harden the data link to radiation, EMP, channel fading and jamming. The proposed IMCRA design employs the hardened AIDL as the direct link between the interceptor an the ground terminal, and adds two relay links specifically designed to support end-game video imagery from the optical sensor of kill vehicle (KV). The various transmitters, receivers and transceivers within the proposed IMCRA design are governed by dynamic parameters that are prescribed to change link characteristics as needed throughout the interceptor fly-out. To support evaluation of the IMCRA design, Welkin Sciences further proposes to upgrade two important development tools: 1) the COMLNK software package, a comprehensive simulation environment used to design strategic DoD modems; and 2) the COMLNK Hardware platform (CHP) that serves as a transceiver prototyping system with which fully operational strategic links can be implemented and tested.

EDAptive Computing, Inc. 1245 Lyons Road Building G Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 433-0477 Benjamin Tyler MDA 08-038 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Global Missile Defense Battle Management
Abstract:	An effective Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) must be able to make decisions that maximize engagement success—the destruction of critical missile threats—while doing so in an efficient manner so as not to waste critical defense assets that may be needed to handle further threats. However, such decisions are often made and carried out at more localized subsystems, allowing for increased robustness and faster response time. This distribution of decision making makes achieving global optimization goals more difficult, as it requires that defense subsystems and components work together effectively. Aware of these issues, MDA is seeking solutions for aiding in the development of robust, real- time battle management algorithms and software to support layered missile defense. EDAptive Computing, Inc. team proposes ADROIT, which will result in an innovative and commercially viable prototype system whose architecture and processes will maximize engagement success while optimizing inventories. Through innovative Artificial Intelligence algorithms embedded into a flexible and intuitive simulation framework, ADROIT can facilitate the development of robust and effective battle management systems, and potentially other complex decision making applications.

Harmonia, Inc. 2020 Kraft Drive Suite 1000 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-5901 Marc Abrams MDA 08-038 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Global Missile Defense Battle Management
Abstract:	Using our 50+ person-years of experience with business process (BP) modeling, BPEL, SOA, and HCI design, we propose a real-time battle management solution for MDA that will coordinate with multiple dispersed and disparate weapon platforms in achieving accurate and reliable kill results for layered Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD). The system will be designed to globally optimize weapon-target solutions across the theater, regional, and global levels, but allow for weapon systems to retain control and responsibility for their own individual fire-control systems and endgames. We can dynamically align data models and messages from net-centric services via fuzzy logic, inference, and cognitive learning to overcome information disparities, unlike today’s static, not reconfigurable, data. Additionally, a catalog of abstract and reusable BPs allows the system to learn over time to reduce work for SMEs in future. Our reuse component helps expose web services for stovepiped but time-proven C2/C4I systems (e.g., GCCS-M, NTCSS, JPMIS, CLIP). Our techniques support composing then orchestrating efficient mission-oriented applications that infuse real-time data but meet system performance demands and QoS guarantees.

Intelligent Systems Research, Inc. 3390 Auto Mall Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 409-0429 Phillip W. Dennis MDA 08-038 Awarded: 4/2/2009
Title:	Distributed Global Air and Missile Defense Resource Management
Abstract:	The management of air and missile defense resources has long been understood to be one of the critical technologies for missile defense. Partly because of its complexity, the problem has in the past been broken into subproblems to be solved separately and then pieced together. For a variety of reasons, it is now both possible and necessary to treat missile defense resource management with an integrated approach. Among the reasons are the potential for more effective and economical use of resources, the emergence of a system of systems for missile defense, the growth in computing power, and the development of new algorithmic approaches for dealing with the complexity of the problem. We propose a new algorithmic approach to achieve integrated distributed global missile defense resource management. Each agent is responsible for and controls a collection of sensors and shooters, and has detailed knowledge of their capabilities, but has limited knowledge of the capabilities of resources belonging to other agents. Each agent uses simulation-based approximate dynamic programming to calculate the values of possible actions in the current state and fuses them with values calculated by other agents. Agents coordinate actions by a token passing scheme.

Reservoir Labs., Inc. 632 Broadway, Suite 803 New York, NY 10012
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(212) 780-0527 James Ezick MDA 08-038 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Applying Distributed SAT-based Constrained Optimization to Global Missile Defense Battle Management
Abstract:	As part of an ongoing MDA SBIR effort we have developed REASON, a scenario environment for the missile defense battle management asset assignment and employment problems. Through that effort, we demonstrated how it was both possible and computational advantageous to map missile defense intercept scenarios involving complex coordination, mutual-exclusion, and deconfliction constraints and global notions of solution fitness to instances of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem. Through the implementation of a series of algorithmic innovations, we demonstrated considerable speedup resolving these instances in distributed computing environments that will ultimately scale up from commodity clusters all the way to future net-centric environments. In this effort, we propose to build upon and extend that ongoing work with new capabilities that address the need for (1) optimization in the context of global inventory management (2) incorporation of constraints that address probabilistic outcomes and (3) a broader problem formulation that admits feedback and iterative refinement. We are again partnering with Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems & Sensors (MS2) developers of the Aegis BMD system who will be assisting us with requirements analysis and evaluation. Lockheed Martin MS2 has an interest in transitioning this technology to address problems in persistent surveillance, multi-target tracking, and multi- sensor fusion.

Stottler Henke Associates, Inc. 951 Mariner''''s Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Richard Stottler MDA 08-038 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Distributed, Cooperative Planning and Automatic Optimization for Existing BMDS Engagement Planner.
Abstract:	The ultimate goal of this proposed effort is to improve the BMDS engagement planning capability by extending the current, advanced, intelligent midcourse engagement planning effort to the booster and terminal phases, mapping the planning onto the distributed command and control architecture, and providing meta-optimization to pre-address, off- line, possibly incorrect assumptions so a real-time adjustment can be made if required. The goals of the Phase I research are to understand the current and potential booster and terminal phase engagement planning space for the BMDS; investigate distributed environment and C2BMC integration requirements; elaborate the heuristics, algorithms and techniques for improved boost and terminal engagement planning, cooperative planning, and automatic optimization of scheduler parameters for changed assumptions; further prove the feasibility of the techniques through prototype development, and develop the Phase II system design and high-level Phase III design. Lockheed Martin has already expressed interest in transitioning the proposed technology (see attached letter). Ultimately the improved missile defense engagement planning capability will allow better quality plans; faster planning; larger, more complex threats; additional defense system capabilities; increased planning problem space; and better accuracy, reliability, maintainability, growth potential, and adaptability of the engagement planning system.

TechFinity, Inc. 15303 Ventura Blvd Suite 900 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 380-3077 Michael Davenport MDA 08-038 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Resource Allocation and Optimization Techniques for Global Missile Defense Battle Management
Abstract:	The MDA’s objective is to field a “joint, integrated, and multilayered Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend the United States, our deployed forces, and our allies and friends against ballistic missiles of all ranges by engaging them in all phases of flight.” As new weapons systems are developed and brought online, they each contribute to the overall BMDS objective by providing capabilities that are typically optimized for a particular type of intercept. While each weapon system is expected to have its own, robust fire control system, an effective layered defense cannot be guaranteed without a global battle management system that can provide coordinated planning and engagement management across engagement phases, weapon types and ranges, platform basing, areas of responsibility, and ensure optimal use of the entire spectrum of defensive resources at the mission level. This proposal outlines the concept for a global battle management solution for both centralized and distributed battle managers, which interact with shooter fire control elements to create optimized firing solutions for real-time battle management.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS Corporation 1235 South Clark Street Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5036 David Fiske MDA 08-039 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Discrimination
Abstract:	The performance of the Ballistic Missile Defense System depends on a number of factors; one of the most important is the ability to accurately and efficiently discriminate between threats (reentry vehicles) and non-threats (decoys). The DECISIVE ANALYTICS Corporation (DAC) team proposes to develop a discrimination system based on a novel machine learning algorithm called Maximum Variance Unfolding (MVU). The MVU algorithm combines the attributes of data compression and feature extraction, effectively learns nonlinear transformations such as changes in object morphology and dynamic object motion, and can be cast in the form of a semi-definite program which guarantees an optimal solution to the problem. We will illustrate the proficiency of our approach by learning high fidelity, high resolution radar signatures of a dynamic target model and testing the discrimination system on scenarios that confound the current Discrimination Fusion Engine (DFE). Phase II of this project will focus on integrating our discrimination system with our novel dynamic, hybrid Bayesian network model for combining tracking and discrimination.

Intelligent Systems Research, Inc. 3390 Auto Mall Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 409-0429 Phillip W. Dennis MDA 08-039 Awarded: 3/30/2009
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Data Fusion with 3-D Image Reconstruction from
Abstract:	Creating a real-time single integrated missile picture for defense against enemy missile attacks presents technical challenges due to both sensor measurement errors and discrimination uncertainties that arise from the nature of missile object characteristics and signatures. Successful intercept of lethal objects is critically degraded if uncertainties preclude the effective discrimination of lethal vs. non-lethal objects. A promising approach to reduce the effects of these uncertainties and enhance threat object discrimination is the use of 3-D object imaging techniques using all of the features and signature data provided from the network of distributed sensors. An integrated robust fusion process can enhance discrimination by considering the "cross correlations" that exist between data from multiple, geographically diverse networked sensors. To achieve this, the fusion process must be capable of fusing dissimilar data including radar feature data and thermal imagery from sources such as on-board IR sensors and SBIRS. An effective fusion approach that includes 3-D imaging must fit within processor throughput and network communication bandwidth constraints. Thus, a key consideration in multi-sensor fusion using distributed data is the Value of Information (VOI) of reported data and cost in terms of processor and network resources required to collect and disseminate the data.

Technology Service Corporation 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 268-1249 Paul D Mountcastle MDA 08-039 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Discrimination
Abstract:	Even the most sophisticated countermeasures such as replica decoys and an antisimulated RV can be correctly discriminated based on their detailed physical properties; features that can be extracted using the radar and IR sensor assets of the BMDS using advanced discrimination algorithms. But to make the best use of these features, better methods of feature fusion are needed. In this proposal, Technology Service Corporation (TSC) presents a novel nonparametric Bayesian discrimination fusion technique that optimizes feature-based object discrimination while minimizing the potential reliance on assumptions about the independence of discrimination features. The new decision architecture is built on a novel classifier design that also has the potential to reduce the need for costly high-fidelity simulation during the classifier training process. The technique will be applied to the problem of discriminating the lethal re-entry vehicle (RV) from other types of objects in the ballistic missile threat complex using sensor features that estimate target shape, size and detailed motion state. The new classifier will be evaluated in the context of an attribute-based Decision Architecture (DA) of the type that is currently favored by the battle manager element (MDA/BC) to counter current and emerging threats including advanced countermeasures such as decoys and antisimulation.

ANDRO Computational Solutions, LLC Beeches Technical Campus 7902 Turin Road, Ste. 2-1 Rome, NY 13440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 334-1163 Andrew L. Drozd MDA 08-040 Awarded: 4/28/2009
Title:	Sensor Registration
Abstract:	The performance of a multi-sensor Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) is heavily dependent upon data from dispersed and disparate radars and other types of sensors. Timely and accurate fusion of data collected from a variety of radars and/or other sensors (EO/IR) is needed to track and discriminate the targets, providing kinematics and classification information. The use of a sensor network is motivated by the possibility of fusing a great amount of data taken by sensors that operate independently and have somewhat complementary features. Advantages of using a sensor network include greater volume of coverage and increase in system reliability and robustness. For a multi- sensor system, efficient sensor registration, sensor management and resource allocation are required to track and discriminate multiple targets successfully. A typical multi-sensor system has limited system resources, such as the sensing resources, and the bandwidth of the communication links between sensors and a central processing node. Therefore, it is important to manage the sensors in an efficient and collaborative way such that the tracking performance is maximized with the constrained system resources.

SIGNAL PROCESSING, INC. 13619 Valley Oak Circle ROCKVILLE, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 505-2641 Chiman Kwan MDA 08-040 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	A Novel and Integrated Framework for Sensor Registration and Sensor Management
Abstract:	In the registration part, the goal is to eliminate sensor biases and yield an accurate and integrated picture of the target tracks. In the sensor management part, the goal is to use a limited number of sensors to achieve certain tasks (e.g., accurate fire control) without using computationally expensive methods. We propose a highly innovative approach to sensor registration and sensor management. Our architecture can deal with disparate sensors. In the sensor registration part, the first step is to initiate the tracks using sensor measurements. We propose a recursive nonlinear prediction approach to perform this initialization. This predictor is robust to background clutter. Then we propose a track correlation technique called sequential minimum normalized distance nearest neighbor (SMNDNN) method. We have shown that only those track pairs which satisfy the minimum normalized distance will remain, and the maximum possible assignment is arrived at under the condition that each track is correlated only once. Finally, we apply Expectation- Maximization-Extended Kalman Filter (EM-EKF) to yield combined target tracks. In the sensor management part, we propose to apply recently developed sensor management algorithms known as covariance control, which has been proven to be very useful in estimating interacting (close) target tracks using a small number of sensors. The computational burden is also reasonable.

TechFinity, Inc. 15303 Ventura Blvd Suite 900 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 380-3077 Michael Davenport MDA 08-040 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Utility-Weighted Information-Based Sensor Management Techniques to Support Global Battle Management
Abstract:	The MDA’s objective is to field a “joint, integrated, and multilayered Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend the United States, our deployed forces, and our allies and friends against ballistic missiles of all ranges by engaging them in all phases of flight.” The sensor network plays a key role in BMDS battle management by providing an accurate and timely, single integrated air picture (SIAP) of the threats. There are two problems in particular, that present a challenge to generating a clear SIAP that can best support the engagement planning process. The first of these problems is sensor registration, which is essential for removing sensor biases and errors from track data, and analyzing multi-sensor data within a common frame of reference. The second problem is sensor management, which optimizes the tasking of sensors to support various engagement events and improve the overall outcome of the battle and mission objectives. This proposal addresses sensor registration but focuses on the development of utility-weighted, information-based sensor management techniques that are integrated with global battle management functions to support the improvement of system and mission level objectives.

Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. 2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-1877 Mark A Stacy MDA 08-041 Awarded: 3/30/2009
Title:	Self-Generating Power Source for Anti-Tamper Technologies
Abstract:	Active anti-tamper systems have the benefit of detecting and responding to a tamper event in real-time. One drawback to this type of system, however, is the constant power requirement. Battery power will eventually become insufficient to power an active system, and replacing the battery requires periodic maintenance Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) proposes to develop a self-generating power source that can provide sufficient power to protect critical technology weapons systems. CRG will leverage its materials processing capabilities, photovoltaic expertise, and system integration skills to create an AT power solution using energy conversion techniques. The proposed anti- tamper component will address all three aspects of anti-tamper design: to “deter, detect, and respond” to a tamper event. CRG will leverage their proprietary conformal coating material, multi-mode anti-tamper sensor system, energy harvesting expertise, and system integration skills to create an AT solution using this long-term power technique. The MDA has been given a directive to apply protective measures to critical program information. The proposed self-generating power source will allow MDA to meet this directive by actively protecting critical assets, even during periods of long-term storage.

QorTek, Inc. 1965 Lycoming Creek Road Suite 205 Williamsport, PA 17701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(570) 322-2700 Gareth J. Knowles MDA 08-041 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Anti-Tamper Printed Circuit Boards (AT-PCB''s)
Abstract:	The new technology of AT-PCB’s will significantly enhance multi-level anti-tamper protection of military electronics. The design is neither physically or functionally accessible to an adversary, yet it is flexible as to support protection for multiple devices or entire circuit board (rack mounted) assembly. It is amenable to affordable parts acquisition and assembly that minimizes impact to electronics assembly AT-PCB’s can be bulk produced as larger panels that individually incorporate the secondary power storage needs necessary to support the AT systems protection. The design recognizes any physical or chemical attempts too gain access to either the secondary storage or its connectivity to IC components. The design can also be implemented as to be self- rechargeable independent from the electronics bus.

Radiance Technologies Inc. 350 Wynn Drive Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(318) 257-5292 Tom Roberson MDA 08-041 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	AT Power Solutions Capacitive Fabric
Abstract:	The United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars to acquire the most technologically advanced military in history to provide its soldiers with a battlefield advantage. The protection of these sophisticated weapons systems and their electronics is critical for the continued maintenance of our technological warfare edge. While anti- tamper development efforts are underway, a significant obstacle to the development of an effective anti-tamper solution has been the problem of powering the anti-tamper system since the reverse engineering process necessitates the isolation of the electronic component under investigation. The goal of this project is the development of a capacitive fabric that can detect reverse engineering intrusions and harvest the energy produced by the reverse engineering intrusion to power a penalty response. In Phase I of this project, a microstructured capacitive fabric that detects interrogation attacks through a change in the capacitance of the fabric will be developed, applied to a piezoelectric film that harvests power from interrogations, coupled to signal discrimination circuitry, and demonstrated to detect physical intrusions. During Phase II, the capacitive detector system will be developed into a prototype demonstration device that meets or exceeds the criteria established in this request.

WIDETRONIX Langmuir Laboratory 95 Brown Road - Box 1039 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 330-4752 MVS MDA 08-041 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Power Solutions for Integrated Anti-Tamper Technologies
Abstract:	Widetronix proposes two enabling enhancements for antitamper (AT) applicaitons in data protection and equipment monitoring as specified by our industrial partner, Lockheed Martin. Widetronix will build a compact, military ready SiC betavoltaic power generator with lifetimes of >20 years with power levels of 10nW-100uW. Further work in Phase II will address systems level integration of the generator with a fully functional 0.6uW military ready processor developed at Cornell University. With a theoretical efficiency of >20% and power to weight ratio of >5 W/kg, SiC betavoltaic batteries are an ideal power source for nano to micro-watt applications. In addition to ultra low operating power, the aforementioned processor has interfaces for embedded sensing, a radio for data interrogation, and kilobytes of on-chip memory. The successful completion of this proposal will result in domestically manufactured source for secure, long-life autonomous microprocessors that will enhance the intelligence of AT electronics used in both defense and commercial applications.

RAM Laboratories, Inc. 10525 Vista Sorrento Parkway Suite 220 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 677-9207 Robert McGraw MDA 08-042 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	A Real-time Application Security Analyzer
Abstract:	The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) has employed a number of measures to address the security of applications residing on the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). While preventative measures may be effective at addressing network security, there is a growing movement to provide added software security measures in the event unauthorized access is gained to BMDS networks. Measures for implementing software security must be examined throughout the software or application design process. To address these challenges, RAM Laboratories is teaming with Auburn University’s Information Assurance Laboratory to develop a Real-time Application Software Analyzer (RASA). This system will provide methods, tools, and libraries for building, interrogating and monitoring real-time software applications at source code and binary code level, in addition to during application execution. The system will have mechanisms that can be employed at the user, kernel, and system level and can be used to address application and system test modes as well as operational modes of execution. The Phase I effort will focus on the research, analysis, and design of RASA and will provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of some of its security mechanisms to illustrate the feasibility of our approach.

Sentar, Inc. 4900 University Square Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 430-0860 Al Underbrink MDA 08-042 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Structured Application Protection Process (SAPP)
Abstract:	The Structured Application Protection Process (SAPP) system concept classifies software applications into domains. Each domain class represents different operational aspects of software – such as real-time response, data management, compute intensive, and user interactive – to correlates a likelihood of vulnerabilities with an application software type. A threat model is used to correlate attack vectors with vulnerabilities for prioritizing both penetration testing and operational monitoring. The threat model utilizes a standard classification of attack patterns to identify the attack vectors most likely to be used against known vulnerabilities. The correlation of threats with vulnerabilities produces a risk assessment which can be used in the development of a remediation strategy. The proposed project reduces technical risk by leveraging prior research and development and by using standard descriptions of vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attack patterns. The innovation of the proposed concept is to make as efficient as possible the analysis and implementation of protecting application software.

Lewis Innovative Technologies, Inc. P. O. 624 534 Lawrence Street Moulton, AL 35650
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 905-0775 James Lewis MDA 08-043 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ballistic Missile Defense Anti-Tamper Penalty and Response Capabilities
Abstract:	LIT proposes an AT system that is incrementally activated and de-activated. A protected system is progressively transitioned into secure operation with multiple safeguards and authentication checks. Authentication failure causes the system to halt the transition into mission critical operation and to revert to a safe mode. The difference between the LIT Progressive Activation System (PAS) and other incremental authentication systems is how the CPI is protected and system recoverability in the event of a false tamper trigger.

Mide Technology Corporation 200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 306-0609 Marthinus C. van MDA 08-043 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	SATT (Smart Anti-Tamper Technologies)
Abstract:	The protection of CPI from unwanted transfer is necessary to ensure a tactical advantage over our adversaries. Various powered sensor based response techniques have been developed for AT systems. These systems require a means to constantly power the AT system for long periods of time. Current energy storage technologies such as batteries and capacitors are insufficient for AT systems due to their limited capacity. A tradeoff between sensor measurement frequency and battery capacity requires that either less sensors are used or that the frequency at which the sensors are measured is reduced. This leads to less reliable response of the AT system. To solve this challenging problem, Midé proposes to develop safe and reliable smart materials based AT sensors. These sensors will require no power and will scavenge energy from the intrusion event to either “turn on” the powered AT system or directly destroy the CPI. Additionally, the output of the smart material sensors will be directly correlated to the intensity of the tamper event. The more energy (thermal, shock, vibration) that is provided to the smart sensor, the more energy the sensor will deliver. This output will allow the AT system to tailor its response to the input energy.

Pikewerks Corporation 105 A Church Street Madison, AL 35758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 325-0010 Ben Tuttle MDA 08-043 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ballistic Missile Defense Anti-Tamper Penalty and Response Capabilities
Abstract:	Tamper resistant systems play a key role in preventing and/or delaying the exploitation of critical technologies in U.S. weapons systems. Pikewerks has identified a number of additional tamper response mechanisms that would significantly enhance the effectiveness of tamper resistant systems. This includes delayed system failures and migrating Critical Program Information (CPI) to out-of-band COTS hardware, making the tamper response system extremely difficult for an attacker to identify and understand.

QuickFlex, Inc 8401 N. New Braunfels Suite 324 San Antonio, TX 78209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 824-2348 Matt Robisch MDA 08-043 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Central Anti-Tamper Engine (CATE)
Abstract:	CATE (Central Anti-Tamper Engine) is effectively a standardized AT decision engine that can be inserted into any number of AT activities to provide an “off-the-shelf” component for monitoring inputs from the various AT sensors. The inputs, their meaning, and their relationships are unique to each AT activity, but the decision engine, and the tools used to setup that engine, will be provided as a common platform. The generation of a common platform will allow the logic within the decision engine to be fully vetted, the detailed configuration and responses customized to a particular instantiation, and the final configuration to undergo automated testing.

Tanner Research, Inc. 825 S. Myrtle Ave. Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 471-9700 Russ Pina MDA 08-043 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Ballistic Missile Defense Anti-Tamper Penalty and Response System
Abstract:	The ability to safeguard critical technology from unwanted exploitation remains of national importance in the face of ever increasingly sophisticated threats. Tanner Research has developed and demonstrated elegant penalty phase anti-tamper solutions for use against the most ardent and determined purveyors seeking to breach national security. Exploitation attempts will occur. This effort seeks to develop an overarching anti-tamper system for orchestrating appropriate levels of penalty in response to very specific attempts and/or generic-types of exploitation events that might be intentional; or, caused inadvertently through routine maintenance. Almost all technology found on the MCTL can be protected from exploitation by destroying it during an unwanted event. However, friends and allies seeking to use our equipment through FMS purchase must be able to perform maintenance on individual pieces. Friends and allies will make benign, maybe even aggressive attempts at cursory examination of U.S. technology without intentions of materially impairing U.S. interests. Tanner Research proposes to demonstrate in Phase I a two-part methodology for: fusing data inputs from multiple anti-tamper sensors and techniques; and, developing a multi-level response capability commensurate with a level- of-threat determination.

Mechanical Solutions, Inc. 11 Apollo Drive Whippany, NJ 07981
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 326-9920 Keith Olasin MDA 08-044 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Development of Fast and Slow Cook-off Mitigation Sensor
Abstract:	A self-powered cook-off sensor is a critical path item for meeting federally mandated insensitive mention (IM) requirements. The sensor must reliably help the venting system mitigate fast and slow cook off when temperatures hit the range of 275°F to 350°F. The output from the sensor must appropriately and consistently power the SRM venting system. MSI’s proposed solution is to use modules that convert thermal energy from applicable cook off environments to electrical energy. Based on pre-proposal testing of candidate modules, MSI is confident that the proposed approach can meet the power, timing, volume, weight, and ruggedization requirements for this critical application. During Phase I, MSI will specify, evaluate, analyze and bench-top test the most appropriate system components, and create a preliminary sensor design including the circuitry and component arrangement. Additional testing will be performed to demonstrate performance. Structural analysis will be used to confirm weight, volume, and operating life goals are feasible. Measured performance coupled with packaging design and evaluations will be used to prove that MDA goals can be achieved if the Phase I project continues into Phase II. The Phase II effort will focus on providing MDA with a viable prototype self-powered sensor that meets MDA needs.

Mide Technology Corporation 200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 306-0609 Marthinus C. van MDA 08-044 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Insensitive Munition using Thermal Energy Harvesting
Abstract:	Midé proposes to develop an innovative approach to harvest energy from thermal excursions and use the harvested energy selectively to prevent the explosion of solid rocket motor during slow and fast cook-off vents. The thermal energy harvester is a Shape Memory Alloy device that responds slowly during temperature increases. The energy harvested is used to power a monitoring circuitry. The circuitry detects when a pre-determined maximum temperature is reached to fire a squib to trigger a venting system, which cuts the casing using a linear shape charge. Under normal ignition of the solid rocket the rate of temperature increase is so fast that the Shape Memory Alloy energy harvester cannot respond, allowing a thermal switch to be used to disable the venting system. Phase I will demonstrate that a system that fits within 2 cubic inches can trigger a venting system when the temperature inside the casing reaches 275 degrees F but would not fire the squib after reaching a temperature of 350 degrees F. Phase II will refine the concept and integrate the sensor unit into a thermally initiated venting system and demonstrate the technology in a slow and fast cook-off environment.

Systima Technologies, Inc. 1832 180th St. SE Bothell, WA 98012
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 487-4020 Hunter Golden MDA 08-044 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Development of Fast and Slow Cook-off Mitigation Sensor
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop highly reliable technologies for a fast and slow cook-off mitigation sensor activated by thermal energy. Systima proposes to integrate an auto initiator, MIL-STD-1901A safe and arm mechanisms, and novel techniques into a sensor that will initiate a venting system. Systima’s approach provides a method to safely and reliably initiate rocket motor case venting systems to prevent fire induced catastrophic munition or rocket motor failure without the need for standard batteries, special thermal sensors, wires, etc. Typically an externally powered mil-standard squib or NASA Standard Initiator (NSI) activates these venting systems. One of Systima’s approaches simplifies the system by combining both the squib and “power source” into a single sensor/activation unit. Systima’s other approach combines existing technologies in new and novel ways to power the mil-standard squib. The auto initiator in Systima’s mitigation sensor will make the venting system, both a passive and active system, looking for and activating at the appropriate temperature. When the sensor detects the appropriate conditions (i.e., fire or explosion) it will self activate and then initiate the highly responsive venting system, such as Linear Shape Charge (LSC).

Digital Solid State Propulsion LLC 3515 Airway Drive, Suite 210 Reno, NV 89511
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(775) 851-4443 Wayne Sawka MDA 08-045 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Electric Pyrogens and Systems for Safer In-line Inititation of Rocket Motors
Abstract:	Electrically Solid Propellants (ESP) are a new class of energetic material that can be formulated as a pyrogen having several safety advantages over BKNO3. These ESP are inherently safe from accidental ignition being controllable via electrical power input. When an ESP is fitted with electrodes and a current of the required voltage is applied, it ignites and continues to energetically burn until the electrical power is removed. Yet, these ESPs are also insensitive to ignition by spark or flame, making them well suited for use as a safer pyrogen than BKNO3. Remarkably, these safer ESP electric pyrogens candidates also burn hotter and produce more gas than current BKNO3 pyrogens. Our modification to initiator pyrogen ignition also should be fully compatible with other accident mitigation methods further down the ignition train.

IN Space, L.L.C. 3495 Kent Ave. Suite G100 West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 775-2107 B.J. Austin MDA 08-046 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Vapor Containment and Fire Suppression System for Hypergolic Propellants
Abstract:	Hydrazine-based fuels and nitrogen tetroxide-based oxidizers have been the propellants of choice for many propulsion systems over the last several decades due to the propellant combination’s high specific impulse, storability, rapid hypergolic ignition, and moderate densities. Unfortunately, these propellants are highly toxic and pose a significant risk of fire in the event of a spill. These health and safety concerns result in considerable costs associated with their use and severely limit with their use in some applications. IN Space and its partners, ANSUL, Inc. and Purdue University, have formulated a solution that, if successful, will enable the safe storage, transportation, handling and fielding of nitrogen tetroxide-based and hydrazine-based propulsion systems. The proposed Vapor Containment and Fire Suppression system will utilize advanced sensing techniques to detect a propellant leak and then trigger the injection of a persistent, rapidly expanding foam to extinguish fires and contain the propellant vapor to within levels acceptable to the relevant DoD and DoT standards. The envisioned system allows for relatively simple retrofitting of existing and emerging propulsion systems already designed for the hypergolic propellants of interest. Further, the system can be created to offer the reliability, robustness, portability, and safety required to protect personnel and equipment from toxic propellant vapors and fire.

Radiance Technologies Inc. 350 Wynn Drive Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 489-3942 Vic McCarn MDA 08-046 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Safety Technologies for Liquid Hypergolic Propulsion Systems
Abstract:	Hypergolic fuels are the propellant of choice for high performance missile systems. As the demand for them increases, so does the need for assuring the safety of personnel and equipment in their vicinity. These fuels tend to be corrosive, toxic, and present fire hazards if leaks occur. The ultimate objective in this research is to develop a sensor technology which will facilitate safer storage and deployment of liquid hypergolic propulsion systems for missile applications. This Phase I effort will involve a solid polymer electrolyte sensor which has demonstrated the detection of hydrazine at single-digit ppm levels, consumes power in the microwatts, and is physically smaller than a dime. Specific goals of this research are two-fold: 1) Demonstrate with a single sensor the ability to discriminate between calibrated concentrations of MMH and N2O4 oxidizer in a lab environment. Performing accurate discrimination is critical for correctly identifying chemical leaks and classifying the fuels without false alarm. 2) Conduct a comprehensive analysis of various hypergolic systems to identify safety risks, and report anticipated safety improvements the proposed sensor system will offer. Interface characteristics for these systems will be studied and methods for adapting the proposed sensor to those systems will be presented.

ARC Technology 13076 NW 120th St. Whitewater, KS 67154
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(316) 799-2763 William Carey MDA 08-047 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Small FCGs for Driving HPM Payload
Abstract:	This proposal details the development of a new FCG design that facilitates customization to drive loads of various impedances. It addresses several of the performance limiting problems associated with small helical FCGs and potentially facilitates driving high output voltage, moderate current loads directly, without the need for a transformer.

Ktech Corporation 1300 Eubank Blvd. SE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 938-4192 Bruce Freeman MDA 08-047 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Compact High Power Microwave Payloads
Abstract:	The overall objective of this proposal is to develop the necessary components and to design and build a compact pulsed power system for the Missile Defense Agency that will produce little or no debris when activated. In particular, the energy requirements for the HPM payload appear to require an explosive-driven magnetic flux compression generator or one of it derivatives to provide the energy required. This application combined with other requirements of a constrained space, G hardening, and relatively low mass make this a very challenging objective. However, the additional requirement of little and preferably no debris generation make this proposed effort extremely challenging. The primary objective for the Phase I effort is to design, fabricate, and test the explosive generator which will be the key component for the overall power supply. We propose several approaches to enable the design of this explosive generator. First, the metal used in the generator will be minimized. Second, the kinetic energy will be minimized. Third, the quantity of explosive used will be minimized. Finally, the entire generator will be encapsulated in a modern composite to both contain the internal debris and to not spall from the outward shock wave to produce external debris. While extensive theory and computer simulations will be used as tools, the major deliverable for this effort is an explosive generator experimental test that both works as expected and produces little or no external debris.

Loki, Incorporated 12596 Whipporwill Rd Rolla, MO 65401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(806) 239-6944 Sergey Shkuratov MDA 08-047 Awarded: 3/30/2009
Title:	Compact High Power Microwave Payloads
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed research and development work is to create new types of compact, autonomous explosive-driven high-power microwave (HPM) systems based on the magnetic flux compression generator (FCG). There will be no moving parts (to include armatures) in these devices; the systems will be completely solid-state units. They will include all components necessary for operation: a compact explosive-driven ferromagnetic generator (FMG) as a seed source, a compact solid-state FCG as a pulsed power amplifier, a compact high-voltage spiral vector inversion generator (VIG) and/or a compact high-voltage Tesla transformer as a power-conditioning stage. These solid-state FCG-based pulsed power systems will be capable of providing the high-power high- voltage pulses for powering HPM sources (i.e., magnetrons, light-weight MILOs, etc.). The systems will be capable of surviving high g-force launches and will generate minimal debris upon firing. The diameter of the systems will be less than 7.5 cm and their lengths will be less than or equal to 40 cm. The systems are to be used to construct compact pulsed power devices for HPM Payloads for small rockets and/or Multiple Kill Vehicles, as requested by topic MDA 08-047, Compact High Power Microwave Payloads, contained in the Department of Defense 20008.3 SBIR Solicitation. This autonomous system will be simple, reliable in operation, inexpensive and easily produced.

Tritec Systems, Inc. 4825 University Square, Suite 7 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 653-6145 Anthony Kikel MDA 08-047 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Compact High Power Microwave Payloads
Abstract:	Fractal Meta Material (FMM) will be used to develop FEG working bodies based on the state-of-art ferroelectric material such as PZT 95/5 to experimentally establish their first order device characteristics. During this effort, a demonstration will be conducted of this new ferroelectric meta material by means of explosive testing. The goal is a highly producible ferroelectric meta material capable of generating an electric pulse with an enriched frequency spectrum without the need for separate modulator in FEG-based HPM payloads. In addition, ferroelectric meta material will provide superior hold-off field strength in presence of explosive shock loads and high electrical energy extraction efficiency. Once completed, this effort will provide a mechanism for research and understanding of advanced FMM structures as well as insight into how to design and optimize these structures performance for FEG-based high energy applications. This research is expected to be the basis for a new category of compact, inexpensive, highly producible ferroelectric meta-materials FEG devices and munitions.

Directed Energy Solutions 890 Elkton Drive Suite 101 Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 593-7848 Tom Henshaw MDA 08-048 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Improved Pressure Recovery System for the ABL
Abstract:	Directed Energy Solutions (DES) and the University of Denver Research Institute propose a program aimed at revolutionary advancement of the current Pressure Recovery System (PRS) technology used in used in pumping high-energy chemical iodine lasers. The ABL laser system uses a steam ejector to pump the laser gas effluents. Our approach to PRS enhancement is through optimization of the steam ejector nozzle geometry and ejector discharge profile. Our goal is to enhance pressure recovery performance by at least a factor of five. In this Phase I effort we will survey and review innovative concepts for developing high performance ejector designs. We will develop a fluids model to analyze several unique ejector concepts. We will select the most promising ejector concepts using a criteria based on performance predictions, weight and volume simulations. Laboratory testing will be performed to experimentally validate this concept. A Conceptual Design for the ejector system and a Phase II program plan will be developed based on model and test results and systems engineering approaches.

Yankee Scientific, Inc. 93 West St. Medfield, MA 02052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 359-7999 David Brownell MDA 08-048 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Improved Pressure Recovery System
Abstract:	A feasibility program is proposed that will investigate a novel steam ejector Pressure Recovery System (PRS) with enhanced performance for both startup and for operation at lower altitudes. These enhancements will be developed using fluidic methods to create a virtual second stage ejector. The advantages of this approach are significant in that higher discharge pressure operation can be attained using an ejector system no bigger than a single stage ejector. In addition, methods for controlling the steam supply and ejector consumption will be evaluated. The resulting ejector system will allow a faster startup, lower altitude operation and lower total steam consumption for the Airborne Laser PRS.

Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. 1046 New Holland Avenue Lancaster, PA 17601
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 295-6058 Jon Zuo MDA 08-049 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Refrigeration System with Integrated Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	The Airborne Laser (ABL) program has significant cooling requirements that until present can only be addressed by mechanical refrigeration systems. These include cooling of the various high powered solid state lasers currently used on the ABL for tracking and ranging as well as standby cooling for the basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) loops on the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL). The proposed integral evaporator-condenser- subcooler uses a design similar to flat plate heat exchanger to offer an innovative and reliable heat exchanger to reduce the weight and volume of the Laser Refrigeration System (LRS) while provide improved performance, reliability and maintainability. In the proposed project, Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT), supported by Northrop Grumman and FlatPlate/GEA, will develop and demonstrate the integral heat exchanger in a LRS environment. The Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of the concept through system trades, integration study and preliminary prototype testing. The Phase II effort will design, build and test a subscale LRS, and demonstrate its ability to support ABL cooling requirements.

International Mezzo Technologies, Inc 7167 Florda Blvd Baton Rouge, LA 70806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(225) 706-0191 Jeffrey McLean MDA 08-049 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Light-Weight Solid State Laser Cooling System using Micro Tube Heat Exchangers
Abstract:	A system to provide either continuous 15 kW cooling at -15 C or 100 kW cooling at 20 C is described that is very simple in terms of using only light weight micro channel heat exchangers, two constant speeed pumps (one of which is working at any moment) and some control valves. The system does not utilize a refrigerant, nor a power-consuming compressor, and the need for thermal capacitance such as typically provided by a phase changer material is minimal. Ethylene glycol-water mixtures (60-40) is used in both loops. It is responsive, simple, compact, and very lightweight. The low thermal inertia of Mezzo''''''''''''''''s heat exchangers makes it possible for units to switch operation from one condition (15 kW load at -15 C) to another operating condition (100 kW load at 20 C) very quickly, minimizing the need for a "thermal filter" to maintain tight temperature control.

Yankee Scientific, Inc. 93 West St. Medfield, MA 02052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 359-7999 Eric C. Guyer MDA 08-049 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced Light-Weight Solid State Laser Cooling System (High Power Solid State Laser)
Abstract:	System and component level advancements will be investigated for the Laser Refrigeration System. Opportunities available for significant performance improvement will be evaluated including, for example, those potentially resulting from the use of a turbodynamic refrigerant compressor, a high speed scroll compressor, a pressure recover expander, and water evaporative cooling augmentation. Limitations of existing commercial refrigeration components, and those previously used in the LRS, will be identified with respect to weight, efficiency, and size. System level concepts that recognize, and take advantage of, the short duration of the maximum cooling load will be investigated, such as use of battery power storage. Yankee Scientific will apply its extensive experience with a wide range of commercial and military thermal systems development, design, and application to identify an advanced system concept that is practical to develop and economic to deploy and support.

Applied Mathematics, Inc. 1622 Route 12, Box 637 Gales Ferry, CT 06335
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 464-7259 Paul M. Centore MDA 08-050 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Passive Range Estimation from Angle-only Sensor Data (Acq Pointing & Tracking)
Abstract:	We propose to adapt angle-only passive ranging methods developed for use by the submarine force to the problem of range estimation for missiles and rockets. Three particular methods will be examined: parallax or triangulation ranging; tracker/filter algorithms; and the relationship between range and the rate of angle change over time. Parallax ranging is an instantaneous method that uses angle measurements from two physically separated sensors. Tracker and filter algorithms use target motion models and measurement error models, to calculate a stochastic estimate of the target state. The instantaneous rate at which the angle to the target changes over time, can be related mathematically to the range to that target. These methods can also be used to estimate maximum range.

Argos Intelligence, LLC 3417 Chartley Lane Roswell, GA 30075
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 641-2380 Robert Bock MDA 08-050 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	The Turbulence-Enhanced Monocular Passive Rangefinding (TEMPR) System for Improved Boost-Phase Ballistic Missile Tracking
Abstract:	Argos Intelligence, LLC, proposes to develop the Turbulence-Enhanced Monocular Passive Rangefinding (TEMPR) System, an innovative capability for the passive rangefinding of boost-phase ballistic missiles. The TEMPR System combines standard multispectral imaging with advanced phenomenological models and signal processing for unprecedented rangefinding capability. TEMPR will operate in real time and will be designed for the stringent demands of covert airborne ballistic missile tracking missions. TEMPR improves boost-phase ballistic missile rangefinding by exploiting two different physical mechanisms, namely absorption in multiple spectral bands and the range variability of turbulence. The primary components of the proposed TEMPR System are a multi-spectral measurement system, a 3-D atmospheric refraction and turbulence model of the atmosphere surrounding the ABL, and robust, real-time range extraction algorithms. The TEMPR Multi-Spectral Measurement System is composed of multispectral sensors strategically situated on the platform that provide multispectral measurements of both the distant stars and the boost-phase missile. The measurements of the stars are used to create a real-time 3-D refraction and turbulence model of the atmosphere surrounding the ABL. Range extraction algorithms utilize the passive measurements of the boost-phase missile and query the 3-D refraction and turbulence model to extract the range to the missile.

Lucid Dimensions 168 CTC Blvd. Ste. E Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 890-4371 Ryan Riel MDA 08-050 Awarded: 4/1/2009
Title:	Passive Range Estimation from Angle-only Sensor Data (Acq Pointing & Tracking)
Abstract:	Lucid Dimensions is developing Spherical Detection Systems (SDS) for detecting and tracking infrared(IR) heat signatures in three dimensions. Spherical Detection Systems offer distinct advantages over contemporary imaging systems, significantly enhancing three-dimensional (3D) situational awareness. Sensor systems utilizing a spherical geometry as a foundation can be designed for a variety of applications. These systems calculate extremely accurate angular directions to signal sources. Sophisticated systems with full spherical sensor placement are being designed for monitoring multiple targets in any spatial orientation. Information generated from these systems can be integrated with existing BMDS sensor components for further target identification. Full spherical SDS systems offer a 4 Pi steradian Field of Regard (FOR) for complete situational awareness. This phase I research will explore SDS technology for novel range finding algorithms based off angle only sensor data.

Opto-Knowledge Systems, Inc. (OKSI) 19805 Hamilton Ave Torrance, CA 90502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 756-0520 Nahum Gat MDA 08-050 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Passive Tracking of Thrusting Targets from a Single Platform
Abstract:	Multiple air/space-borne sensors can provide position and range information on boosting missiles enabling estimations of their trajectories and likely points of impact. The earlier a missile’s 3D state estimate can be constructed, the sooner the layered Missile Defense System can engage and defeat the target. Boosting and / or maneuvering missiles pose a serious challenge to constructing the 3D state vector. A major advantage can be realized if the information required to construct the 3D state can be acquired from a single passive platform, reducing the needed resources for surveillance and tracking. An imaging sensor can only provide the target position in the sensor’s 2D projected plane; however, also acquiring target range provides the additional necessary information to complete the 3D state. While active systems (radar or ladar) provide accurate ranging, they impose significant size, weight, power, and pointing requirements. The overall objective of this proposal is to build upon and combine past work at OKSI (passive ranging of boosting missiles) and at FI (tracking missiles) to develop the algorithms, sensors, and the computing environment needed to demonstrate not only monocular passive ranging, but also full tracking of boosting targets from an airborne platform (e.g., HALO initially and ABL eventually).

SciTec, Inc. 100 Wall Street Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 921-3892 Jennifer Davis MDA 08-050 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Passive Range Estimation from Angle-only Sensor Data (Acq Pointing & Tracking)
Abstract:	The utility of passive electro-optical, infrared (EO/IR) systems to contribute to closing the fire control loop to enable successful engagement of threat ballistic missiles has been anticipated for over a decade. Investments in the Airborne Laser (ABL) have begun to reap dividends as that program systematically addresses the myriad of technical challenges necessary to increase readiness of critical elements and demonstrate the efficacy of a nearly autonomous, mostly passive, mobile boost phase intercept capability. Operation of the ABL requires a predicted location of the threat so that a fire control solution can be determined. Passive EOIR systems can provide the solution to the challenge presented to ABL through a technology known as monocular passive ranging (MPR). Passive EO/IR based MPR has been reported on in the open literature for over two decades , , and more recently researched through the development, operation and test of sensors designed for this purpose . Applying field proven expertise to design, develop and deliver instrumentation and sensor systems that exploit a variety of phenomenological features, SciTec proposes to complete the research for a dual mode infrared staring-spectral, MPR enabled system that matures use of the MWIR phenomenological features through a robust multi-parameter fusion process

Arete Associates P.O. Box 2607 Winnetka, CA 91396
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 651-6756 James T. Murray MDA 08-051 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced LADAR Modeling, Generalized Ladar Analysis Model (GLAM)
Abstract:	To counter emerging threats of theater ballistic missiles the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) has sponsored the development of the Airborne Laser (ABL) system that will locate and track missiles in the boost phase of their flight, then accurately point and fire a high-energy laser, destroying enemy missiles near their launch areas. For the ABL system to meet the operational requirement of engaging multiple targets over the theater of operation the system must be capable of accurately tracking multiple targets simultaneously. The Active Ranging System (ARS) plays a critical role in achieving this capability by providing quick and accurate measurements of the missiles three-space position and velocity (six state vector) over time (track files). In this effort Areté Associates will develop, verify, and/or improve components of the Areté-developed Generalized Ladar Analysis Model (GLAM), a sophisticated ladar modeling tool which has been used to a great extent in other long-range ladar modeling and hardware development efforts at Areté, including ABL’s ARS. The components that will be developed and/or incorporated into GLAM will include aero-optical and atmospheric propagation models, detector models such as for coherent and direct detection, photon counting, Geiger-mode APDs and other state-of-the-art detectors. These ladar system models will be developed specifically to address the ABL operational scenario to compare the performance of various ladar approaches.

Spectral Sciences, Inc. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Leon Muratov MDA 08-051 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Applications of FLITES-LADAR to Boost Phase Intercept Scenarios
Abstract:	Physics-based models of laser interactions with boosting missiles at long ranges are needed in support of ABL Special Projects Office selection of an optimal ladar system and future simulation of the weapon system. It is highly desirable that ABL programs base their design evaluations on a common, well-validated, and comprehensive ladar model to simulate laser interaction with the missile target, its plume and intervening atmosphere. Spectral Sciences, Inc. proposes to integrate new physics modules into the FLITES (Fast Line-of-sight Imaging and Target Emission Signatures) – LADAR model and demonstrate its application to a wide variety of ABL-specific ladar system concepts. FLITES-LADAR is a software package already capable of high-fidelity, physics-based modeling of a variety of spatially, spectrally and temporally resolved ladar signatures. The effort focuses on the integration of detection algorithms, atmospheric turbulence and the coherent return from the plume into FLITES-LADAR. Detection models will include detector and background noise, clutter and beam jitter. Thus the final product will be able to simulate and evaluate the full range of ABL-specific ladar system implementations and engagement scenarios. The upgraded FLITES-LADAR model will be freely available to Government and contractor personnel.

Tau Technologies LLC PO Box 9334 Albuquerque, NM 87119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 244-1222 Gregg Crockett MDA 08-051 Awarded: 3/27/2009
Title:	Advanced LADAR Modeling
Abstract:	The Airborne Laser (ABL) program has a need to evaluate the potential performance trade-offs for different Laser Ranger (or LADAR) systems, to measure the size, trajectory and plume characteristics of ballistic missiles at long ranges. The program office will need to independently examine, during the procurement evaluation process, the predicted performance of various proposed LADAR system configurations based on the prospective contractor specifications. Tau Technologies will design, build and demonstrate a high-fidelity model of the ABL environment as it pertains to a LADAR device, and deliver a tool that allows the user to confidently predict the system performance of proposed LADAR systems.