| ADVANCED ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS, INC.
200 13th Avenue Ronkonkoma, NY 11779-6820 (631) 467-7800 PI: Dr. John Pinezich (631) 467-7800 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0042 |
CORNELL LAB OF ORNITHOLOGY
159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 (607) 254-3843 ID#: F023-0161 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-009 Awarded: 09JUL02 |
| Title: Automated Acoustic Monitoring of Birdstrike Hazards | |
| Abstract: Bird strikes and ingestion of birds into engines pose serious threats to aircraft during takeoff and landing operations at many air bases. AAC and Cornell propose to mitigate these threats by developing an acoustic bird monitoring system that provides both real-time snapshots and historical summaries of bird flight activity. This system would utilize a low cost, high gain array in association with acoustic Detection, Classification, and Localization (DCL) techniques designed to monitor bird vocalizations in potentially noisy environments. The distribution (map coordinates and altitude) and body masses of birds would be would be measured, and predictive models would be developed that relate these data to diurnal, seasonal, and meteorological factors. Alerts will be generated to help aircraft avoid problematic areas that are known or predicted to contain a critical mass of birds. This process will be achieved with a modest number of sensors and sensor sites, and must provide a high probability of detection while generating a very small number of false alarms. Acoustic DCL of birds at useful distances will be facilitated by the use of a multi-element Sparsely Populated Volumetric Array (SPVA). The SPVA uses interferometric processing to provide spatial gain, source localization, and cancellation of interfering sources. Underwater SPVA arrays are currently being deployed on Navy platforms for use in undersea warfare and marine mammal detection applications. Each SPVA system provides an accurate line of bearing. The intersection of lines of bearing from two or more SPVA systems can be used to map the bird's location in map coordinates and altitude. SPVA's can adaptively cancel high intensity noise sources, such as nearby aircraft or ground equipment, which might otherwise mask the bird signals of interest. Outputs of the SPVA will be fed to a two sets of detectors that will estimate signal parameters for several distinct classes of detected bird vocalizations and will identify manmade airport noises, including those from engines, spinning propellers and other air base noise sources. Outputs from both sets of detectors will feed a classifier which will make a determination as to whether a detected signal is a bird vocalization, and if so, estimate the location and identity of the bird. Alerts would be generated based on the aggregate distributions of bird biomass relative to runways and low altitude flight paths. This Automated Acoustic Monitoring of Birdstrike Hazard team will design and build a system to detect and localize bird activity to effectively mitigate harmful effects caused to military and commercial aircraft. The harmful effects to commercial aircraft have increased dramatically and will continue to increase as commercial air flights increase. It the intent of Advanced Acoustic Concept and Cornell to develop and commercially market an Automated Acoustic system which will be utilized within the airline industry safety program throughout the world. | |
| AEROPATH
2420 Story Ave La Habra, CA 90631 (562) 691-4707 PI: Mr. Mark Milam (562) 691-4707 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0071 |
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CDS 107-81, 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125 (626) 395-6460 ID#: F023-0075 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-002 Awarded: 22AUG02 |
| Title: Real-Time Trajectory Generation for an Autonomous Aero Utility Vehicle with Constraints | |
| Abstract: This proposal is focused on enhancing and applying the trajectory generation algorithms originally developed at Caltech to a small free-flight unmanned Aero Utility Vehicle (AUV) that is under development with private funding. Our trajectory generation algorithms are based on a combination of nonlinear and optimal control theory, spline theory, and sequential quadratic programming. Furthermore, the algorithms have been successfully demonstrated on a tethered nonlinear flight control experiment at Caltech demonstrating the benefits of autonomous, real-time, nonlinear trajectory generation. We propose evaluating our algorithms with a simulation of the AUV under a variety of nonlinear trajectory generation and mission requirements. The proposed work would also provide the trajectory generation algorithms to our AUV concept for a hardware demonstration in Phase II. The fast, real-time trajectory generation algorithms and software under development by our team will enable future unmanned vehicles with futuristic capabilities. A global benefit of this proposal would be to enable future unmanned aircraft with autonomous proximity operation, autonomous border control, and strike aircraft like capabilities. This technology would empower exploration vehicles for oil companies and scientists as well as a new generation of search and rescue vehicles that can operate in extreme conditions. Ultimately, we see the potential to create the next revolution in human transportation with our technology. | |
| AGILTRON CORP.
20 Arbor Lane Winchester, MA 01890 (781) 933-0513 PI: Dr. Lei Zhang (781) 933-0513 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0060 |
UNIV. OF NEW ORLEANS
AMRI, University of New Orleans New Orleans, LA 70148 (504) 280-6840 ID#: F023-0131 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-007 Awarded: 01AUG02 |
| Title: Molecular Design of Particle Surfaces | |
| Abstract: Nanoparticles are attracting increasing attention because of their unique properties. Applications based on particles down to nanometer size range are growing rapidly. The ability to coat high performance layers on nanoparticles would offer unsurpassed functionality and further broaden the range of technological opportunities. This proposal addresses a sequential chemical synthesis technique that allows the fabrication of advanced nanoparticles consisting of oxide or non-oxide inorganic core surrounded by an inorganic shell of different materials with well controlled layer thickness and chemical/physical properties. This novel method allows not only the fabrication of state-of-the-art metallic particles but also the synthesis of compound ferrites and magnetic/semiconductor composite nanoparticles that are interesting for high-frequency applications. In the Phase I period, we will demonstrate magnetic nanomaterials coated with an atomic-layer-by-layer controlled protecting materials. The fabrication of core-shell structured nanoparticles by using reverse microemulsion and micelle expansion two-step processes will also be developed in this program. Success in the Phase I effort will identify a viable manufacturing route for advanced atomic-layer-layer coated nanoparticles. This technology has a wide range of "dual use" applications, from various DoD's applications to commercial applications. | |
| ALD NANOSOLUTIONS, INC.
11711 Chase Ct Westminster, CO 80020 (617) 480-6947 PI: Dr. Karen Buechler (303) 460-9865 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0058 |
UNIV. OF COLORADO
The Regents of the University, of Colorado, 572 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0572 (303) 492-2695 ID#: F023-0098 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-007 Awarded: 29JUL02 |
| Title: Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxidizer Coatings on Aluminum Nanoparticles to Fabricate Superthermite Explosives | |
| Abstract: Energetic thermite composites are composed of a metal fuel (e.g. Al) and an oxidizer (e.g. Fe2O3). Thermite composites have a much higher reaction enthalpy per cm3 than conventional explosives such as TNT. However, current thermite composites do not yield a higher reactive power because of the large diffusion distance between the metal fuel and oxidizer in thermite powders. To minimize the diffusion distance, the oxidizer can be deposited directly on aluminum nanoparticles. This oxidizer-coated "all-in-one" superthermite explosive particle represents the ultimate in reactive power from a nanoscale energetic material. ALD NanoSolutions, Inc. proposes to deposit oxidizers on aluminum nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods. The ALD surface chemistry and thin film growth will be investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy. The reaction conditions determined from the FTIR studies will then be utilized to coat large quantities of aluminum nanoparticles in a fluidized particle bed ALD reactor. The aluminum nanoparticles will be obtained from Technanogy in Irvine, California. The oxidizer-coated superthermite particles will be tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The results of this Phase I work should demonstrate the development of superthermite particles as a superior explosive material. ALD NanoSolutions, Inc. owns options for exclusively utilizing and licensing the intellectual property developed over the last five years by co-founders Profs. George and Weimer at the University of Colorado. The company was founded to develop commercial markets for this ALD technology. One of the largest potential markets under consideration is the coating of fine powders with ultrathin and conformal films. Depositing oxidizers directly on aluminum nanoparticles to fabricate superthermite explosive particles is an excellent ALD application. These "all-in-one" superthermite particles are anticipated to display much higher reactive powers than conventional explosives. Tests of nanoscale powders of Al and MoO3 with particle sizes from 200-500 have been shown to react more than 1000 times faster than conventional powdered thermites. Even higher reaction rates are expected for the "all-in-one" superthermite particles with the oxidizer deposited directly on the aluminum nanoparticle. Consequently, these superthermite particles may replace conventional organic explosives such as TNT in a variety of applications. These superthermite explosive particles may find use in the military as improved munitions and in the civilian sector as better blasting agents. | |
| APPLIED NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
308 West Rosemary Street, Suite 209 Chapel Hill, NC 27516 (919) 928-8009 PI: Dr. Bo Gao (919) 928-8009 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0093 |
UNIV. OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL
Applied and Materials Sci., Univ. of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (919) 962-3297 ID#: F023-0171 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-016 Awarded: 23AUG02 |
| Title: Carbon Nanotube Based Electric Propulsion Thrusters For Space applications | |
| Abstract: Small efficient cathodes have many applications in miniature space propulsion. Current thermionic emission cathodes have many drawbacks. These include low efficiency, difficulty of control and pulsation, and lack of miniaturization. ANI has developed proprietary thin film nanotube technologies that enable construction of cold cathodes with high current density, high stability, and rapid pulsation rate. Alkali metals have been shown to intercalate into nanotubes. Due to the extreme high enhancement (>1000 times) of the electric field Cs ions near the nanotube ends may be field emitted when the intercalated materials is positively biased, thus providing a new machnism for thrust generation in field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) systems. We propose to combine the two new technologies proposed here to build an all solid state FEEP micro thruster. In phase I we will: a) build a prototype carbon nanotube cold cathode with the emission current up to 1A, test the stability and durability under various vacuum and gas environments; b) demonstrate the feasibility of the field emitting Cs ions from Cs intercalated carbon nanotube materials and produce a design of the new FEEP thruster. In phase II we will build a prototype FEEL micro thruster using nanotube based materials. The new generation of field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) micro thruster developed in this STTR will have a wide range of applications inclduing low orbit telecommunication satellites, long journey space craft, large area flat panel display, and high power microwave amplifier devices for telecommunication. | |
| ASI TECHNOLOGY CORP.
980 American Pacific Drive, Suite 111 Henderson, NV 89014 (702) 734-1888 PI: Dr. Theodore Anderson (702) 734-1888 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0052 |
EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL
Department of Pediatrics, 855 W. Brambleton Ave. Norfolk, VA 23510 (757) 668-6465 ID#: F023-0084 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-013 Awarded: 01AUG02 |
| Title: Biological Decontamination for Forward-Deployed Airbase Using Low Temperature Air Plasmas | |
| Abstract: ASI's plasma consultant, Igor Alexeff, PhD, has invented, tested and patented an atmospheric pressure, dc of 60 Hz AC discharge, that has been operated in air, helium, argon and nitrogen. The apparatus has in laboratory testing successfully destroyed microorganisms. The apparatus does not require a complicated, fragile RF power supply for operation. We propose it to be developed into equipment for decontamination of bioterror materials in the field. The device works well with a simple 60 Hz. Neon transformer. The electrodes are made of unglazed ceramic. The ion density has been measured to be 10 exp 12 per cc. Power consumption used was 300 watts to create several liters of helium plasma. In order to carry out the proposed Air Force program of identifying and evaluating the biologically active species present in the discharge, we propose employing new sensors that can unambiguously detect and measure the concentration of O2, NO and NO2, ultraviolet light, charged ions, and metastable atoms. In addition, we will evaluate methods of producing each species separately. The isolation of each species will be used in the biological studies planned in Phase II to identify which species is effective in biological decontamination. The methodology and apparatus proposed by ASI could revolutionize sterilization techniques throughout the civilian and military communities, if successfully commercialized. The commercial market for safer atmospheric plasma decontamination is quite large. Sepsis is the major post-operative cause of death in American hospitals. | |
| ATMOSPHERIC GLOW TECHNOLOGIES
2342 Stock Creek Blvd Rockford, TN 37853-3044 (865) 573-7808 PI: Kimberly Kelly-Wintenberg (865) 573-7808 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0049 |
UNIV. OF TENNESSEE
Office of Research Knoxville, TN 37996 (865) 974-4446 ID#: F023-0128 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-013 Awarded: 01AUG02 |
| Title: Identification of the Species Responsible for Biological Inactivation in the OAUGDP | |
| Abstract: Atmospheric Glow Technologies (AGT) proposes to initiate studies to elucidate the mechanism of inactivation of microorganisms using atmospheric plasma. In this Phase I work effort, AGT will identify and quantify the active species generated by the APD-210 (Atmospheric Plasma Decon-210). The APD-210 has been independently shown to inactivate a number of different microorganisms including anthrax by convecting active species to the downstream sample. AGT will use a sophisticated Hiden Analytical HPR-60 Mass Spectrometer with a triple filtered quadrupole, a molecular beam inlet, and a selectable electron energy source. Futhermore, the photon emissions will be measured using a UV/Vis Spectrometer. Using the spectra obtained from within the plasma and in the plasma exhaust, identification and concentration of the active species will be determined. AGT's versatile Atmospheric Plasma Decontamination System will initally be marketed to the military as a means to rapidly decontaminate large frame aircraft and assoicated cargo. To date, there are 588 fixed military facilities; of these, 250 are considered major installations. Recent terrorist events have demonstrated the vulnerability of the United States to biological and chemical threats. It is evident that an effective response to any large scale attack will mandate the rapid mobilization of emergency responders particularly at the local level. Consequently, a secondary market will be the First Response Teams located throughout the United States directed to implement immediate countermeasures in the event of terrorist attacks. Upon further development and improvements in manufacturing approach, the APD System will be marketed industrially, where it will have applications in cleaning chemical spills as well as cleaning industrial equipment against biological contaminants. Specific markets may include hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and food processing plants. | |
| CATAWBA RESOURCES
4011 Klein Avenue, PO BOX 2144 Stow, OH 44224 (330) 686-8916 PI: Mr. Douglas Comrie (330) 686-8916 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0101 |
UNIV. OF ILLINOIS
1304 W Green Street Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-5258 ID#: F023-0027 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-010 Awarded: 09SEP02 |
| Title: Geopolymers for Structural Ceramic Applications | |
| Abstract: Ceramic polymers or "geopolymers" are amorphous to semi-crystalline three dimensional alumino-silicate materials resulting from geochemistry. "Geopolymerisation" is the chemical reaction between various aluminosilicate oxides (Al+3 in Iv, V, or Vi fold coordination) with silicates under highly alkaline conditions, yielding polymeric Si-O-Al-O bonds (HUA & VanDeventer 1999). Geopolymers form co-polymerisation of individual alumino and silicate species, which originate from materials containing host sources of either silicon, aluminum or combinations of the foregoing. In order to form geopolymer chains, rings or complete tetrahedral, positive ions such as K, Na, Ca, Ba, Nhy, H30 (etc) must be present in the framework in order to balance the negative charge of Al. Differing chain and ring structures form at different Si: Al ratios. Polymeric structures are generally formed when the Si:Al ratio is greater than 3. From this polysilicate chains can form 3-dimensional cross-linked structures. It is this cross-linking phenomenon which facilitates the ability to enhance the standard characteristics of traditional ceramics yielding ceramic polymers (geopolymers)which are characterized by: high compressive strengths, higher tensile strengths, flexibility, ductility and wear harden ability, high surface hardness and the ability to adhere to metals. Programs such as STTR will aid the company in maintaining a technologic lead in a world wide emerging technology-ceramic polymers. Through it's association with Tundra-Geo-Technologies Ltd.; Catawba has the ability to attract capital for further future development. In this Phase I program, Catawba is contributing all chemicals necessary in this program at no cost to the program. | |
| CERAMATEC, INC.
2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119 (801) 978-2114 PI: Dr. Balakrishnan G. Nair (801) 956-1000 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0075 |
UNIV. OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
750 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706 (608) 262-0253 ID#: F023-0029 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-010 Awarded: 16AUG02 |
| Title: Functional Geopolymer Composites for Structural Ceramic Applications | |
| Abstract: Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are attractive candidate materials for structural components in military/commercial airframe or engine/turbine components due to their high-temperature mechanical properties. However, current CMCs have two major limitations that have prevented replacement of current materials, namely (1) very high processing/materials costs and (2) insufficient corrosion resistance under hydrothermal oxidizing conditions. Geopolymers, in which amorphous/semi-crystalline aluminosilicates are dissolved into an inviscid, highly concentrated alkaline solution, offer an approach for the development of easily and cost-effectively processed matrix materials for alumina fiber composites. This Phase I STTR proposal is targeted at demonstrating the feasibility of developing a geopolymer-based CMC with appropriate high-temperature performance. Our approach will include chemical design (i.e., aluminosilicate phase selection and solid-solution composition) and thermal processing of geopolymers so as to create, after firing, CMCs at chemical equilibrium ("petromimetics") that, too, have more refractory behavior than current geopolymer systems. What is envisioned is a hybridization of present glass-ceramic and geopolymer processing. The work will establish a chemical processing and design/microstructure/property database for this relatively new class of materials, which will enable functional CMC design. Specifically, the role of a highly doped and reactive intermediate gel phase on properties of the final geopolymer will be studied. Cost-effective processing routes for CMCs with adequate high-temperature mechanical properties are attractive to a variety of applications where high-temperature mechanical performance is required. The use of CMCs in aircraft or stationary engines and turbines have the potential to raise operating temperatures which will result in a significant step up in efficiency than is possible through marginal improvements using currently used materials such as nickel-based superalloys. Further, if the processing route is sufficiently low-cost, the use of ceramic composites will become commercially feasible even for applications for which they are currently considered unrealistic, such as fire-resistant building materials. A step up in strength, will allow for thinner, lighter building materials, which will substantially reduce raw-material and transportation costs. Therefore, the proposed project will result in the development of an enabling technology which has potential for application in a wide range of large, commercially attractive markets. | |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 (256) 726-4800 PI: Dr. Samuel A. Lowry (256) 726-4800 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0081 |
UNIV. OF MICHIGAN
1070 Wolverine Tower Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1274 (734) 936-1289 ID#: F023-0083 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-005 Awarded: 16AUG02 |
| Title: CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR EPITAXY BY APPLICATION OF AN EXTERNAL FIELD | |
| Abstract: The quality of semiconductor thin-film grown by vapor phase epitaxy is strongly dependent on the growth conditions. The diffusion of adatoms on the flat surface is largely responsible for the quality of the film. The diffusion rate is directly related to the bond energy of adatoms. Recent experiments have demonstrated that application of an external field can lead to a change in the microstructure of the film. Properly controlled, this phenomenon could be used to improve the quality of the film. However, a fundamental understanding of the influence of the field is first necessary to achieve this improvement. The goal of the proposed work is, therefore, to establish a precise correlation between the quality of the film and the strength and orientation of the external field. First-principle ab initio quantum chemistry and Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) methods will be used to determine this correlation. Bond energies and activation barriers will be calculated by an ab initio method and KLMC calculations will be performed to obtain microstructures of the film. Michigan State University will provide expertise in KLMC calculations as well as experimental validation. This technology will be incorporate into CFDRC's code CFD-FILM for modeling surface morphology in order to enable development and transfer this technology to the semiconductor industry. Successful completion of the proposed project will provide the semiconductor and opto-electronic industry with the necessary tools to produce thin films with significantly reduced defects. This will lead to improved quality electronic devices such as: LED's, Laser diodes, VCSELs, pHEMTs, HBTs, and FETs. These devices are used in commercially and militarily important applications such as displays, data storage/retrieval, sensors, electronics, and communications. | |
| CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
9036 Winnetka Avenue Northridge, CA 91324 (818) 727-9786 PI: Dr. Yuhong Huang (818) 727-9786 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0053 |
UNIV. OF CINCINNATI
Department of MSE Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012 (513) 556-2870 ID#: F023-0114 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-007 Awarded: 16AUG02 |
| Title: In-Situ Formation of Dense Atomic Layer Coated Nano Particle | |
| Abstract: This proposed research is to develop an in-situ formation of nanoparticles coated with a atomic layer controlled coating. A novel superparamagnetic particles with orders of higher magnetic moment than current market available magnetic particles and beads will be developed for labeling used in biology and biotechnology, especially for high sensitive portable biosensor. The long-term goal of proposed research is for Chemat to become a supplier of high throughput magnetic particles and beads for biology and biotechnology applications, especially for highly sensitive portable magneto-immunosensors. In Phase I and II research, Chemat focuses on developing stabilizer polymer coated cobalt nanoparticles with very low volume of polymer and excellent stability and protectivity via a simple plasma surface treatment technology. Scale-up and production development will conduct in Phase II. Success of this proposed research and development will be a big impact on magnetic particle and beads market and it will greatly accelerate development of highly sensitive magneto-portable immunosensors. The process can be used for fabrication of polymer coated metal nano-particles. The applications include magnetic labeling, magnetic separation of protein and other bimolecular, magnetic imaging, etc. | |
| CHRONOCHROME, INC.
3677 Johnson Road Bozeman, MT 59718-0000 (406) 586-5571 PI: Dr. Tiejun Chang (406) 586-5571 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0002 |
NORTHWESTERN UNIV.
Research & Sponsored Programs, 633 Clark Street Evanston, IL 60208 (847) 491-3003 ID#: F023-0110 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 01OCT02 |
| Title: Nanophotonic Modulator using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency | |
| Abstract: The proposed high bandwidth electro-optic modulator uses an optical waveguide microcavity to enhance the interaction of optical fields with a material that exhibits coherent quantum attributes. The nonlinear characteristic of the light - matter coupling in concert with the resonance requirements of the microcavity provide a sensitive modulation mechanism. In the device the combination of nanophotonic and quantum interference effects can respond to low signal levels at high bandwidth. Electro-optic modulators face stringent emerging specifications to operate at higher bandwidth in response to lower drive signals as electronic processors and data communication link characteristics improve. Applications exist in chip-to-chip data transfer and in multiplexed communication network routing. A specific need has been identified to transfer RSFQ-level signals from cryogenic electronics to an optical carrier. | |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC.
174 North Main Street, P.O. Box 1150 Dublin, PA 18917-2108 (215) 249-9780 PI: Mr. Neeraj Sinha (215) 249-9780 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0059 |
U.MISS/NAT'L CNTR. FOR PHYS. ACOUST
1 Coliseum Drive University, MS 38677 (662) 915-5630 ID#: F023-0108 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-012 Awarded: 13AUG02 |
| Title: Mitigation of Aero-Optic Distortions by Active Flow Control | |
| Abstract: Laser beam interactions with free shear turbulent structures in the context of a recessed cavity window will be investigated. The proposed program will investigate the aero-optic degradation of a laser beam, housed within the cavity, and its remediation using high frequency flow control. Beam wander and displacement statistics, obtained via a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD), will be complemented by non-intrusive flowfield measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Laser Speckle for density fluctuations, Schlieren, etc. Using a previously generated very high-resolution database of high quality, temporal Large Eddy Simulation data, turbulent length-scales, phase-velocity, turbulent kinetic energy spectrum, cross-correlations, etc. will be extracted for the cavity shear layer. Mechanisms underlying effectiveness of high frequency control will be identified and correlated with growth of vortical, large-scale structures. Analytical predictions of beam displacement will be performed and compared with measurements. A Low Dimensional Model, based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), will be used to examine alternate time-dependent strategies for control of turbulent structures in the cavity flowfield. Ascertaining the ability of flow control to manipulate laser/turbulence interactions, thereby reducing the demand upon any adaptive-optics system, is the underlying goal of the proposed STTR effort. The proposed STTR research will lead to a high frequency actuator design concept, which can be directly transitioned to the JSF& UCAV programs. Beyond DE weapons, the flow control technology for reduction of optical degradation by turbulence is of great relevance for reduction of bore-sight-error (BSE) for a tracking system or blur elimination for an imaging system. From the perspective of flow control, the high frequency actuator is closely related to current research in aircraft exhaust noise reduction, exhaust plume infra-red (IR) signature control and weapons bay dynamic load attenuation. | |
| COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC.
1505 Coal Creek Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 (303) 664-0394 PI: Dr. Naseem A. Munshi (303) 664-0394 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0073 |
NORTHWESTERN UNIV.
Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 2131 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208-2900 (847) 491-5633 ID#: F023-0069 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-011 Awarded: 16AUG02 |
| Title: Laminated, Electroformed Shape Memory Composite Technology for Thin, Lightweight Space and Ground-Based Deployable Mirrors | |
| Abstract: Composite Technology Development, Inc. and Northwestern University propose to develop the smart materials technology, manufacturing processes and engineering methods that will enable the design and fabrication of reliable, robust and economical thin, lightweight deployable composite mirrors for space-based and ground-based applications. The Phase I program will address key feasibility demonstrations of this technology. Thin, lightweight, deployable composite mirrors may provide large savings in payload mass for a variety of Air Force, DoD, scientific and commercial applications, leading to tremendous launch cost savings. Thin, lightweight, optical-quality deployable mirrors constructed of smart materials will have wide applicability for large space-based and ground based missions. | |
| DISPLAYTECH, INC.
2602 Clover Basin Drive Longmont, CO 80503-7603 (303) 772-2191 PI: Michael J. O'Callaghan (303) 774-2272 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0102 |
UNIV. OF COLORADO
Dept. of Physics, Campus Box 390 Boulder, CO 80309-0390 (303) 492-6420 ID#: F023-0186 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 11SEP02 |
| Title: Ferroelectric liquid crystal integrated nanophotonics | |
| Abstract: Specially engineered self-assembling ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLCs) structures are capable of photonic bandgap functions, light emission, GHz electro-optic modulation, and second harmonic generation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to integrate FLCs with silicon integrated circuits for both experimental applications (e.g. smart pixels, optical processing) and commercial applications (we sell a million microdisplays per year for consumer products). We've also demonstrated waveguide devices incorporating FLCs. Because of their unique combination of electro-optic properties and processability, FLCs are potentially the foundation of an important new integrated nanophotonics technology. We propose to test and demonstrate the nanophotonic properties and capabilities of a new generation of experimental FLCs, and to develop preliminary single chip device architectures. Specifically, we aim to simultaneously demonstrate in combination an FLC's photonic bandgap properties (to make a distributed resonator), its electro-optic coefficients (EO modulation and second harmonic generation), and light emission (dye-doped FLC) by showing lasing with simultaneous SHG. The laser's output beam should be steerable by electrically manipulating the FLC's photonic bandgap structure. Benefits of the proposed work include the evaluation of electro-optic properties of new FLCs and a feasibility demonstration of novel FLC nanophotonic functions. Potential commercial applications in telecommunications include high-speed optical modulation (e.g. 40GHz), integrated laser light sources, and electrically tunable photonic bandgap functions. | |
| EE SOLUTIONS, LLC
102 East Main Street, Suite 204 Newark, DE 19711 (302) 456-9003 PI: Mr. Gregory Behrmann (302) 456-9003 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0092 |
UNIV. OF DELAWARE
140 Evans Hall, Dept. Electrical Engineering Newark, DE 19716 (302) 831-8170 ID#: F023-0133 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 21AUG02 |
| Title: Nanophotonics | |
| Abstract: Advances in integrated circuit manufacturing techniques have allowed for the miniaturization of devices on rapidly decreasing scales. In the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) from the laboratory to a commercially viable industry that is estimated to reach $15 billion in sales by 2004.1 As MEMS technology has transferred to industry and the marketplace, research organizations have continued to pursue small-scale fabrication and have advanced to the submircon or nano regime. At these dimensions, where feature sizes are less than the wavelength of light, it is possible to produce optical materials and devices that allow for unique photonic control and manipulation. As such a new class of optical devices based on submicron periodic structures has emerged and is referred to as photonic crystals (PhC) or photonic band gap devices (PBGs). Preliminary research indicates that these devices will be capable of performing a wide variety of functions.2 These include but are not limited to switching, splitting, modulation, and filtering. PBGs can be integrated into small packages making them desirable for commercial applications such as optical interconnects and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), as well as military and government applications including quiet communications, sensors, and engineered coatings. To fully realize the potential of PBG devices, there are several major research and development challenges that must be addressed. In fact, a recent report on the state of photonic integrated circuits suggests that the current obstacles to commercialization are software simulation, yields, materials, and test equipment.3 We agree and believe that we have assembled a team with the background and expertise to address these obstacles and bring this technology to market. | |
| ERC, INC.
555 Sparkman Drive, Executive Plaza, Suite 1622 Huntsville, AL 35816 (256) 430-3080 PI: Dr. Douglas VanGilder (661) 275-5412 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0065 |
UNIV. OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Dept of EE/Electrophysics, PHE 604 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0271 (213) 740-4396 ID#: F023-0112 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-016 Awarded: 19AUG02 |
| Title: A New Electric Propulsion Concept Based on Pseudospark Discharges | |
| Abstract: It is proposed to develop a space propulsion concept based on the physics of pseudospark discharges. The device will be based on a multi-gap pseudospark device with a closed anode. The pseudospark is characterized by a transient phase, where high-intensity are created, and a "super-dense" glow discharge phase when the steady state is achieved. This phase produces very high plasma densities with minimal electrode erosion. In pulsed operation, a transient charged plasma can be used to generate a high density ion beam, which can then be accelerated to higher velocities. The physics of the concept will be investigated in detail to evaluate its efficiency for space propulsion, and scaling properties for micro-propulsion applications. The concept does not use an applied magnetic field and can therefore be very compact; micro-scale effects at the electrode surface may also facilitate the design of micro-thrusters for nano-satellites. Two operational modes will be considered; a steady-state operation, using the high-density plasma of the super-dense glow phase, and a pulsed operation, using the transient formation of a space-charged plasma for ion beam generation. The scaling properties will be determined through numerical simulations, and preliminary designs of a candidate propulsion system and an experiment will be accomplished. The proposed pseudospark-based propulsion system can be designed on various scales or assembled as an array of micro-devices, if it can be successfully scaled. This extends the range of applicability from nano-satellites to conventional satellites, and widens the commercial market for the technology. The commercial applications are therefore primarily aimed at satellite propulsion and station-keeping. Furthermore, the technology can be generalized to other applications, such as power processing and material fabrication and treatment, for which the pseudospark is currently being developed. | |
| GEOPHEX LTD.
605 Mercury Street Raleigh, NC 27603-2343 (919) 839-8515 PI: Dr. I.J. Won (919) 839-8515 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0096 |
UNIV. OF OKLAHOMA
School of Geophysics Norman, OK 73019-0628 (405) 325-1563 ID#: F023-0090 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-001 Awarded: 29AUG02 |
| Title: Time-Exposure Acoustics for Imaging Underground Structures | |
| Abstract: We propose to develop a new technique for imaging underground facilities based on the passive monitoring of acoustic emissions from both stationary and moving equipment within such facilities. It is well known that all mechanical devices, such as motors, gears, etc, emit acoustic signals. It is possible to identify an acoustic source based on its noise spectrum. In addition, by monitoring the acoustic emission from a particular source at several receptors, it is possible to quantify the source location. Passive "listening" has been considered and employed in the past to detect underground structures based upon noise emitted from within. The fundamental difference in our approach is that we rigorously considered the inverse source problem subject only to the assumption that the noise source is localized. Rather than using time delays across a sensor array to "triangulate" on the source, our method, known as time-exposure acoustics (TEA), coherently sums the data receiver over an array of sensors and back-propagates it into the host geologic formation. This procedure yields an image of the source that is similar to the image formation process used in reflection seismic exploration. The mostly commonly used techniques for the detection and imaging of underground facilities are active wave-based methods. For example, seismic reflection can to image an underground feature from the character of the recorded reflected wave that results from an applied wave at the ground surface. There are similar methods that exploit the transmission of waves. The proposed passive method has several advantages of active methods. First, the method does not require active sources that may be precluded in hostile areas. Second, the proposed TEA approach can easily accommodate a random distribution of sensors such as those deployed by an air drop. Finally, TEA can operate unattended and in real time. The proposed method has many geophysical application in exploring geologic resources. | |
| GUIDED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 1453 McDonough, GA 30253-1453 (770) 898-9100 PI: Dr. J. Eric Corban (770) 898-9100 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0085 |
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Office of Sponsored Programs, Industry Contracting Office Atlanta, GA 30332-0420 (404) 894-6932 ID#: F023-0214 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-002 Awarded: 13AUG02 |
| Title: On-Line Trajectory Optimization for Autonomous Air Vehicles | |
| Abstract: Successful operation of next-generation unmanned air vehicles will demand a high level of autonomy. Autonomous low-level operation in a high-threat environment dictates a need for on-board, robust, reliable and efficient trajectory optimization. The proposed effort will develop and demonstrate an innovative combination of traditional analytical and numerical solution procedures to produce efficient, robust and reliable means for nonlinear flight path optimization in the presence of time-varying obstacles and threats. The solution procedure exploits the natural time-scale separation that exists in the aircraft dynamics using singular perturbation theory. A reduced order problem involving only the kinematics of the position subspace will be treated numerically. The nonlinear aircraft dynamics will be treated analytically in a boundary layer analysis that results in an optimal feedback guidance solution. The developed algorithms will be coupled with a neural network adaptive autopilot and integrated in an existing unmanned testbed. Phase I will produce a demonstration of developed algorithm performance in near-real-time flight simulation. Phase II will expand the scope of mission scenarios that can be addressed, will produce flight code validated in real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation, and culminate in close-range flight demonstration of the developed technology on a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft testbed. It is anticipated that the subject technology will find application in the wide variety of unmanned flight systems now under development. The technology is enabling for next-generation unmanned Department of Defense flight and weapon systems that will be required to operate autonomously at low levels in a high-threat environment. The technology can also be applied to civil and commercial unmanned systems operating in an urban setting, and can potentially be used with other evolving technologies to provide a much needed see-and-avoid capability for all unmanned flight systems. | |
| HEXATECH
5300 Mandrake Ct. Raleigh, NC 27613 (919) 515-6178 PI: Dr. Ramon Collazo (919) 515-7083 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0097 |
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV.
1001 Capability Dr., RB#1, Box 7919 Raleigh, NC 27695-7919 (919) 515-8637 ID#: F023-0166 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 22AUG02 |
| Title: Development of coherent nanophotonic UV sources | |
| Abstract: It has been shown theoretically and experimentally, that one-dimensional photonic bandgap (1DPBG) structures enhance nonlinear effects for one to three orders of magnitude. By exploiting these effects, one can achieve efficient frequency conversion (second and third harmonic generation, and parametric) in materials with modest nonlinear optical properties and in structures with a total path length on the order of micrometers. By the integration of 1DPBG structures with an existing visible laser diode, one can achieve bright, coherent sources of deep UV light, limited only by the absorption edge of materials used in these structures. HexaTech, Inc., and NCSU will combine their expertise in wide bandgap nitrides and photonics to develop a process for fabrication of nanometer scale 1DPBG structures based on AlN. AlN has a bandgap of 6.28 eV and sufficiently large NLO coefficients (d15 = 4 pm/V, d33 = 5 pm/V) to meet all criteria for successful operation down to 200 nm in wavelength. It is important to note that this wavelength limit is much lower than the theoretical limit for classical AlxGa1-xN laser structures. This approach also bypasses the issue of doping of alloys with high Al content, which remains a serious challenge for classical devices. Intense UV light sources based on efficient frequency conversion in the proposed one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures will find immediate applications ranging from multipurpose sensors of chemical agents and moieties of biological origin in the air above a terrestrial battlefield to optical communications and data processing in space. | |
| INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC.
10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121 (858) 535-9680 PI: Dr. Michael Larsen (858) 373-2754 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0094 |
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV.
ASB-376, Brigham Young University Provo, UT 84602 (801) 422-6177 ID#: F023-0028 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-002 Awarded: 16AUG02 |
| Title: Fast, Robust Real-Time Trajectory Generation for Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Nonlinear Flight Systems | |
| Abstract: Our approach is to decompose the trajectory generation problem into three distinct, but tightly coupled pieces: waypoint path planning (WPP), dynamic trajectory smoothing (DTS), and adaptive trajectory tracking (ATT). The WPP plans paths at a high level without regard for the dynamic constraints of the vehicle. This affords a significant reduction in the search space, enabling the generation of extremely complicated paths that account for pop-up threats and dynamically changing threats. The essential idea of the DTS is to give the trajectory generator a similar mathematical structure as the physical vehicle. The DTS uses a simple, but novel algorithm to generate smoothed trajectories in real-time without performing any on-line optimization. The trajectories that are generated by the DTS have the same path length as the waypoint path generated by the WPP and also minimize the deviation from the waypoint path. The third step of our approach uses adaptive backstepping to transform the trajectory generated by the DTS to a feasible trajectory that can be followed by an autopilot with appropriate velocity, altitude and heading commands. The proposed approach is computationally efficient: it can handle hundreds of threats, including pop-up threats. It does not require on-line optimization. Is very well suited to applications with timing constraints. Planning can take place at the waypoint level, where it is trivial to calculate path length, and therefore estimated time-of-arrival (ETA). The trajectories can be represented in a compact fashion, in both space and time. In particular, this will allow higher-level task planning algorithms to reason about the feasibility, or desirability of different trajectories. | |
| INNOVALIGHT, INC.
6801 N. 360 Hwy, Building 2; Suite 225 Austin, TX 78731 (512) 795-5835 PI: Mr. Brian Korgel (512) 471-5633 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0072 |
UNIV. OF TEXAS
Office of Sponsored Projects, Main Building, Room 303 Austin, TX 78712 (512) 471-6424 ID#: F023-0107 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-007 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Atomic-Layer Controlled Coatings on Particles | |
| Abstract: This STTR focuses on developing new chemistry for coating Group IV nanocrystals primarily to enhance their luminescent properties. Research from the past decade has made it clear that the novel luminescent properties of sub-10nm silicon and germanium nanoparticles are highly sensitive to surface states. For example, surface defects and coatings can either create energetic traps that compromise the luminescent properties and degrade the crystal photochemical stability, or dramatically enhance the photoluminescent and electroluminescent quantum yields. InnovaLight has developed a proprietary in-situ process for synthesizing capped Group IV particles and achieving breakthrough quantum efficiencies and lifetimes. However, realization of these materials in commercial applications requires a better understanding of what is happening both chemically and physically on the surface. This STTR grant will explore the use of various capping agents (both organic and inorganic) to improve the optical and electronic properties of these materials and to gain a better understanding of how reaction conditions affect interfacial bonding. The theoretical quantum efficiency for group IV particles is 100%. Characterizing and controlling the surface states is the key element to realizing efficiencies that approach this number. The commercial application we are most excited about is lighting for the general illumination market. Solid-state lighting is said to be capable of saving $100 billion per year in electricity, and 200 billion tons of carbon emissions per year to create it. This is an enormous gain to society. We have identified numerous other market opportunities for this technology as well, including flat panel displays, specialty lighting, biological sensors, quantum dot lasers, and novel floating gate memory structures. Thus, there is much commercial value to furthering the research on this fundamental science. | |
| INNOVATEK, INC.
350 Hills Street, Suite 104 Richland, WA 99352 (509) 375-1093 PI: Dr. Trevor Moeller (509) 375-1093 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0045 |
OLD DOMINION UNIV RESEARCH FDN
P.O. Box 6369 Norfolk, VA 23508 (757) 683-4293 ID#: F023-0056 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-013 Awarded: 26JUL02 |
| Title: Mechanisms for the Destruction of Biological Surface Contaminants Treated with an Air Plasma | |
| Abstract: Effective decontamination technology is a national concern for both battlefield and other military applications as well as for terrorist situations. In the event of a bio-agent release, it is imperative that the affected areas are secured and exposed victims, equipment, and environment are decontaminated. Conventional thermal, chemical decontamination, or ultraviolet radiation technologies are not adequate in addressing these concerns. It is well established that atmospheric pressure plasmas effectively sterilize biologically contaminated surfaces. However, the physical mechanisms responsible for the destruction of spores and bacteria are not well understood. The focus of the proposed work is to establish the feasibility of techniques aimed at identifying and prioritizing kill mechanisms of bacteria. We will use diagnostic techniques to characterize an atmospheric air plasma and will conduct plasma decontamination tests of vegetative bacteria and spores, as well as extensive literature reviews of cellular and bacterial destruction mechanisms to accomplish this. The proposed research will ultimately lead to an optimized atmospheric air plasma decontamination system that has minimum power requirements. This development effort will lead to the creation of a device for destroying biological agent and disease organism surface contaminants utilizing a plasma decontamination system that does not harm the surface. The proposed device will be targeted to a wide variety of global scale markets, including civil defense markets and emerging commercial markets such as public health and food safety. Commercial success in meeting these needs depends on the development and demonstration of an inexpensive device that is adaptable to several market niches and uncomplicated from an operator's perspective. To take advantage of market needs, a key component of InnovaTek's business strategy is to work with collaborators to develop a commercially viable prototype using machinable low cost industrial design strategies. InnovaTek is in active discussion with an international company who will become the "launch customer" for our other biosafety and defense products. This same corporation is also considering an equity investment. They recognize the market potential for these technologies and are moving forward at an accelerated pace to complete their review of this overall opportunity. We plan to add this device to our suite of products that include bioaerosol collectors and bio-defense identification technology. | |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440-3638 (937) 429-4980 PI: Dr. Michael Brown (937) 252-2706 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0001 |
UNIV. OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
University of Southern Califor Los Angeles, CA 90089-1453 (213) 740-7762 ID#: F023-0188 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-014 Awarded: 01OCT02 |
| Title: Non-Equilibrium Pulsed Plasma Ignitor | |
| Abstract: The proposed program is directed toward the development of a plasma ignitor to address relight and flame-holding problems experienced by high-altitude aircraft. Conventional spark ignitors are insufficient to overcome these problems that are associated with the reduced temperature and pressure of air-breathing aircraft at high altitude. The proposed ignitor is based on highly non-equilibrium pulsed discharges that initiate low-temperature chemistry which then drives ignition. The proposed Phase I effort combines measurements made in a non-equilibrium, single-component low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon discharge with detailed chemistry modeling to a) characterize the nascent radical pool in the discharge and b) determine the key radical-initiated pre-ignition chemical pathways. This information would permit the "tuning" of the electrical characteristics of the discharge to optimize the ignition capability of the plasma kernel. The Phase II effort would extend this work to heavy-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and mixtures, leading to the design of a prototype plasma ignitor for testing on model combustors. The proposed plasma ignitor will augment or replace conventional spark ignitors in high-altitude aircraft. The plasma ignitor will initiate hydrocarbon ignition and promote flame holding in the reduced temperature and pressure environment that is characteristic of subsonic, high-altitude, air-breathing aircraft engines. | |
| INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS CO.
PO Box 6971 Chesterfield, MO 63006 (314) 576-1639 PI: Dr. Alan B. Cain (314) 576-1639 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0051 |
UNIV. OF NOTRE DAME
Director - Office of Research, 511 Main Bldg. Notre Dame, IN 46556 (574) 631-3072 ID#: F023-0034 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-012 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Aero-Optic Distortion Minimization using Active Flow Control | |
| Abstract: A system that integrates the use of zero frequency and high frequency flow control is proposed to reduce aero-optic distortions by minimizing large-scale shear layer structures. An important measure of performance for a tactical laser system is the intensity of the beam on a target. The performance of these systems is degraded by index of refraction variations introduced by large-scale flow structures along a beam path. In this investigation, carefully chosen excitation will be used to artificially alter the development of a shear layer, leading to a suppression of large flow structures and systematic improvements to a tactical laser system. Experimental and computational investigation will quantify the effect of forcing on compressible shear layers and provide scaling the results for Mach number and Reynolds number effects. Time resolved wavefront measurements, as well as Schlieren and hot-wire anemometer measurements, will be used to assess the impact of control on the distortion of a laser beam propagating through the shear layer in the compressible regime. Developed capability will enable tactical directed energy weapons, as well as offering new optical communications capabilities for high speed air travel. | |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 (301) 294-5215 PI: Dr. Chiman Kwan (301) 294-5238 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0044 |
CURATORS OF THE UNIV. OF MO
310 Jesse Hall, OSPA Columbia, MO 65211 (573) 882-7560 ID#: F023-0105 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-009 Awarded: 15JUL02 |
| Title: An Automated Acoustic System to Monitor and Classify Birds | |
| Abstract: Collisions between aircraft and birds have become an increasing concern for human health and safety. More than four hundred people and over four hundred aircraft have been lost globally. To minimize the number of birdstikes, microphone arrays have been used to monitor birds near the airport or some critical locations in the airspace. However, the range of existing arrays is only limited to a few hundred meters. Moreover, the identification performance in low signal-to-noise environment is not satisfactory. Here Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) and its subcontractor, Prof. Dominic Ho of the University of Missouri, propose a novel system to improve bird monitoring and recognition system in noisy environments. First, a microphone dish concept is proposed that provides very directional and long range (a few thousand meters) acquisition of bird sounds, can simultaneously pick up and track sound from different directions, and the cost of the dish will be less than $100. Second, an efficient recognition algorithm is proposed which consists of stages of data reduction and feature extraction, and classification using Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The overall system is suitable for real-time monitoring and recognition for a large number of birds. The proposed acoustic system involving a novel microphone dish and an efficient recognition system can have many applications, including birdstrike warning system, speech enhancement for aircraft pilots, policemen, firefighters, cellular phone users, etc. It can also be useful as a directional speaker system for underwater communications. | |
| INTERDISCIPLINARY CONSULTING CORP.
5004 NW 60th Terrace Gainesville, FL 32653 (352) 682-6002 PI: Dr. Louis Cattafesta (352) 682-6002 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0064 |
UNIV. OF FLORIDA
231 Aerospace Building, P.O. Box 116250 Gainesville, FL 32611-6250 (362) 392-4943 ID#: F023-0197 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-012 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Mitigation of Aero-Optic Distortions by Active Flow Control | |
| Abstract: The goal of the proposed project is to develop and demonstrate an integrated flow control system to reduce aero-optic distortions via control of large-scale shear layer structures and manipulation of the turbulence spectrum in a compressible shear flow. Density fluctuations in a compressible shear layer can produce time-varying index of refraction across the shear layer. Optical systems that must operate in this aero-optic environment experience various types of degradations in performance due to the refractive index changes associated with these density variations. Recent work suggests that control of the compressible shear layer is possible such that an adaptive aero-optical system may be developed to alleviate many of these problems. Active flow control strategies capable of virtually eliminating the large scale coherent structures in the compressible shear layer are addressed. Phase I will develop prototype actuators and demonstrate their impact on the aero-optic distortions in a small scale experimental test configuration. Phase II will refine the actuation and control strategy. Detailed experimental and computational investigations of the flow phenomena will guide the actuation/control work. Results from this project will improve the performance of airborne optical systems. Non-military applications include optical data links for commercial aircraft. Reduced aero-optical distortions. Improved performance of airborne laser systems and directed energy weapons and optical data links for commercial aircraft. Active suppression of oscillations in aircraft weapons bays. | |
| IONFINITY, LLC
2400 Lincoln Ave. Altadena, CA 91001 (626) 296-6310 PI: Dr. Carl Kukkonen (626) 296-6310 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0087 |
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 (818) 354-3845 ID#: F023-0196 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-016 Awarded: 13AUG02 |
| Title: Nano-thrusters for Nano-Satellites | |
| Abstract: Ionfinity proposes to collaborate with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ane the Aerospace Corporation to design, develop, and demonstrate an innovative ion NANO-THRUSTER for nano-satellite propulsion. The approach is to use the JPL-invented Soft Ionization Membrane nanostructure to efficiently produce ions which are accelerated to high velocities in an electric field. The micromachined propellant tanks, fuel lines and flow sensors developed at the Aerospace Corporation complete the infrastructure of a micro-propulsion system. The proposed nano-thruster is enabling for new generations of micro and nano-satellites. Near-term commercial applications will use the components of the nano-thruster rather than the nano-thruster itself. The Soft Ionization Membrane ionizes nearly 100% of the sample that passes through it without breaking the sample into fragments ("soft ionization"). The Soft Ionization Membrane is a revolutionary advance in production of ion beams. Its immediate application is in the mass spectrometry market where it enables a 50x increase in sensitivity, a 50x reduction in sizeand 10x reduction in cost. In addition to the current $2B/year market for mass spectrometry instruments, the SIM enables a new generation of sensors for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare agents and for narcotics and explosives. | |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060-6657 (540) 953-4274 PI: Mr. Roger Duncan (540) 557-5893 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0084 |
UNIV. OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 Walnut Street, Room P221, Franklin Building Philadelphia, PA 19104-6205 (215) 573-6707 ID#: F023-0068 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-001 Awarded: 22AUG02 |
| Title: Photonic Circuitry for Integrated Sensing Applications | |
| Abstract: There is an acute need for the development of high quality, robust, photonic circuitry to serve as an integrating medium for optical networks and to perform basic, on-chip functions such as signal conditioning and signal processing. What is needed are photonic circuits that are small, functional, can be manufactured easily and in great volume, yet not have the limitations inherent in present technology. Luna Innovations proposes to begin filling this void through the development of a practical, robust, nano-scale tunable filter, implemented on a single chip for integrated sensing systems and applications that is compatible with large-scale production. In addition to the potential benefits from its nano-scale size, Luna's novel approach will finally permit the monolithic integration of microelectronic and photonic circuits and will serve as an enabling technology for future ultra-dense photonic circuit networks. In Phase I, Luna Innovations, along with its partner, will produce an integrated nano-scale tunable filter for determination of concept feasibility, while considering the integration of multiple devices onto a single chip to demonstrate dense integration densities. Furthermore, a nanoimprinting process to support large-scale production of these devices will be developed. This innovative concept, once proven, will pave the way for Luna Innovations to develop a whole family of photonic circuitry with the potential for revolutionizing the optical computing endeavor and the integrated sensing industries. Some of the anticipated benefits are smaller physical dimensions, ultra-dense integrated packaging, and reduced manufacturing costs through easily automated, high volume production. The device proposed herein will serve as a vital component in tomorrow's dense integrated sensing networks and the novelty of Luna's approach, representing not an incremental increase over present technology but a true quantum leap, will help drive the industry. | |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060-6657 (540) 953-4274 PI: Mr. Roger Duncan (540) 557-5893 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0099 |
UNIV. OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 Walnut Street, Room P221, Franklin Building Philadelphia, PA 19104-6205 (215) 573-6707 ID#: F023-0073 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 09SEP02 |
| Title: Photonic Crystal Circuits: Single Chip Implementation of a Sub-Micron Optical Switch for Nanodevice Applications | |
| Abstract: There is an acute need for the development of high quality, robust, photonic circuits to serve as an integrating medium for optical networks and to perform basic, on-chip functions such as signal conditioning and signal processing. What is needed are nanophotonic devices that are small, functional, can be manufactured easily and in great volume, yet not have the limitations inherent in present technology. Luna Innovations proposes to begin filling this void through the development of a practical, robust, sub-micron photonic switch implemented on a single chip for nanodevice systems and applications that is compatible with large-scale production. In addition to the potential benefits from its nano-scale size, Luna's novel approach will finally permit the monolithic integration of microelectronic and photonic circuits and will serve as an enabling technology for future active and passive nanophotonic components. In Phase I, Luna Innovations, along with its partner, will produce a sub-micron photonic switch for determination of concept feasibility, while considering the integration of multiple devices onto a single chip to demonstrate dense integration densities. Furthermore, a nanoimprinting process to support large-scale production of these devices will be developed. This innovative concept, once proven, will pave the way for Luna Innovations to develop a whole new class of nanophotonic devices with the potential for revolutionizing the optical computing endeavor and the telecom and integrated sensing industries. Some of the anticipated benefits are smaller physical dimensions, ultra-dense integrated packaging, and reduced manufacturing costs through easily automated, high volume production. The device proposed herein will serve as a vital component in tomorrow's dense photonic networks and the novelty of Luna's approach, representing not an incremental increase over present technology but a true quantum leap, will help drive the industry. | |
| LUXTERA, INC.
129 N. Hill Ave., Suite 104 Pasadena, CA 91106-1955 (626) 396-0380 PI: Mr. Cary Gunn (626) 396-0380 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0077 |
CALTECH
1200 East California Boulevard, MS 201-15 Pasadena, CA 91125 (626) 395-6357 ID#: F023-0038 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Nanophotonic Integrated Circuits | |
| Abstract: Recent advances in the microelectronics industry facilitate the manufacturing of structures with lateral dimensions on the order of 100 nm with high placement accuracy. Moreover, emerging material systems, such as silicon on insulator (SOI), have been developed for efficient high-speed electronics. These materials are ideally suited for confinement and manipulation of light at telecommunications wavelengths. Luxtera and the Caltech Nanofabrication Group have developed expertise in integrated nanophotonic structures, such as photonic crystals and laser cavities. We believe that recent advances in design and fabrication have created the unprecedented opportunity to develop optical nanostructures which are monolithically integrated with high-speed digital and analog electronics. We will construct multifunctional nanophotonic devices combining switching, modulation, routing, pulse reshaping and regeneration on a single substrate. Compatibility with standard semiconductor processing techniques will allow us to leverage the infrastructure of the semiconductor industry to develop low cost, light weight, and low power consumption nanophotonic systems. Luxtera is bringing "Moore's Law" economics to the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) components market. The commercialization of nanophotonic integrated circuits will allow us to pioneer the integration of the optical and electronic elements required to build multi-channel DWDM circuits that are fabricated in a standard silicon semiconductor process. This technology brings, for first time, the extraordinary manufacturing economies of microelectronics to the construction of optical telecom systems, providing extraordinary ongoing improvements in size, power, speed and price for virtually all fiber-based applications. Furthermore, because Luxtera's technology is fully compatible with standard semiconductor processing, it will radically reduce the cost of OE and EO transitions, fundamentally changing the cost structure of OEO systems. The extraordinary manufacturing efficiencies of nanophotonics will allow the company to bring cost-effective DWDM solutions to previously unaddressable applications. | |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CORP.
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706-9237 (520) 574-1980 PI: Lori Bracamonte (520) 574-1980 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0036 |
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
1 Bethel Valley Rd Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (865) 574-0008 ID#: F023-0153 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-008 Awarded: 22JUL02 |
| Title: High Strength, Oxidation Resistant Carbon/Carbon Composites | |
| Abstract: Higher strength carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are required if such components are to replace currently used titanium products in the aircraft industry. This Phase I STTR addresses this need with the development of C/C composites with a 3-D fiber architecture and a reinforced carbon matrix. The 3-D preform composites have demonstrated superior compressive and tensile strength in relationship to comparable 2-D and 3-D composites. The strength of the carbon matrix will be enhanced by reinforcing with carbon nanotubes, which are theoretically the strongest known materials. Significant increases in strength have already been demonstrated for a commonly used carbon precursor with only 1 wt% nanotube addition. MER Corporation will perform the development effort to produce high strength C/C composites. ORNL will develop coatings for these composites using their new high-density-infrared, transient-liquid coating process which produces coatings with densities up to 98-100% of theoretical with coating thickness of 10æm to 2mm. The versatility of this technique will be utilized to produce coatings of varying thickness, followed by oxidation studies to demonstrate the ability of the coating to protect composites for thousands of hours. The program will culminate in the generation of composites with specific mechanical properties which will be selected for identified applications. Higher strength, oxidation resistant C/C composites will be enabling for many applications including airframes, engine components, aircraft brakes, turbine engine flaps, rocket nozzles, re-entry vehicle nose tips, etc. | |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Atlanta, GA 30341 (678) 287-2445 PI: Dr. Jud Ready (678) 287-3969 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0104 |
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Mat. Sci & Eng Atlanta, GA 30332-0245 (404) 894-2651 ID#: F023-0151 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-016 Awarded: 11SEP02 |
| Title: Aluminum Nanopowder Production for Nano-Satellite Propulsion | |
| Abstract: MicroCoating Technologies, Inc. (MCT), proposes the novel approach of using the Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) process to create aluminum-based nanopowders for use as a solid fuel for nano-satellite propulsion. The aluminum-based nanopowders will be created through a combination of the CCVD process with an incorporation of a fluidized bed to enable the creation of nano-composite powders with specific functional layers. Through the use of multiple layers, MCT will be able to combine fuel, oxidizer and anti-agglomeration agents within a single multi-layered structure to improve the solid fuel performance. An additional aspect of this research will involve modeling and measurement of the combustion flame used during the CCVD process. This modeling will enable MCT to better design micronozzles based on the NanomiserT device (described in greater detail later). Furthermore, the models will allow MCT to more fully understand the complex micro-combustion dynamics, heat-addition, and sublimation characteristics inherent within the NanomiserT device. This research will identify any scaling issues with the nanopowder production or use and will verify this propellants compatibility with silicon oxides. During Phase II of this research, MCT will develop and test prototype nano-thrusters based on the solid-fuels developed during Phase I. The feasibility of the proposed nano-thrusters will be compared with the micro-combustion models developed during Phase I. MCT will work with Prof. Naresh Thadhani of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the development, testing and characterization of the aluminum-based nanopowders developed under this research program. Maintaining possession of the "high ground" has always been a primary military doctrine over the millennia. Since the onset of the space-race, the quintessential high ground has now become outer space. By placing surveillance or other military assets in orbit around the earth, the United States and it's allies can maintain battlefield superiority against adversaries. Due to high density electronics and other miniaturization technologies (i.e., MEMS), orbiting satellites have been steadily decreasing in size and weight. Unfortunately, propulsion sub-components required to place the asset in orbit and maintain it's stability throughout its design life contribute to a significant fraction of the overall spacecraft mass and pose crucial design constraints. A primary cost factor in space operations is the substantial cost per kilogram required to loft a spacecraft into orbit. For this reason, nano-satellites (defined as weighing less than 1kg) have become of major interest within the Department of Defense (DoD). To minimize mass associated with the propulsion component a solid-fuel is a logical choice. Solid fuels eliminate the need for large pumps and feed systems or external power supplies that would be necessary for liquid-fuel or electrical propulsion systems respectively. | |
| MICROENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2007 E. Fourth Plain Blvd. Vancouver, WA 98661 (360) 694-3704 PI: Mr. Joseph Birmingham (360) 694-3704 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0063 |
PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LAB
P.O. Box 999 Battelle Blvd. Richland, WA 99352 (509) 375-3759 ID#: F023-0178 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-013 Awarded: 12AUG02 |
| Title: Determination of the Mechanisms for the Plasma Deactivation of Biomaterials | |
| Abstract: MicroEnergy Technologies (MicroET), CFD Research Corporation (CFD-RC), The Johns Hopkins University- Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU-APL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) will search for the mechanisms of plasma deactivation by isolating the possible pathways including ultraviolet light, heat, and ionized gas interactions. Plasma parameters such as the relative concentration of active plasma species in different carrier gases will be measured by mass spectrometry. We will expose an optimized plasma system to a biological simulant and focus on biomaterial deactivation as a function of plasma parameters. In addition, we will use state-of-the-art CFD tools to model a novel plasma surface decontamination system known as the plasma blanket. This novel plasma blanket design produces an atmospheric pressure, low temperature ionized gas that has demonstrated very efficient deactivation (greater than 99.9999%) of lethal Ames strain anthrax in less than 30 seconds supported by SEM micrographs showing ruptured membranes of biological material. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has illustrated that additional biomarkers are extracted with a plasma lysis pretreatment that facilitate the identification of biological materials. Using the experimental and modeling results that reveal a plasma mechanism, energy consumption will be optimized for deactivation. Decontamination of equipment exposed to biological agents is a serious concern. If decontamination cannot be performed, then personnel must maintain their protective posture to protect against the threat of the agents. The focus of this project is to model the plasma processes and optimize those parameters for the deactivation of biological compounds. The plasma blanket will decontaminate aircraft interior equipment (including large areas or items) safely and quickly. This decontamination will allow personnel to lower their protective posture and thus decrease their stress level. Decontamination of any known or suspect areas will ensure contamination does not spread. | |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102-0719 (805) 963-8761 PI: Dr. Tri P. M. Van (937) 429-9261 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0076 |
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV.
Contracts & Grants Administrat, 301 Administration Building East Lansing, MI 48824-1046 (517) 353-7297 ID#: F023-0067 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-015 Awarded: 20AUG02 |
| Title: Exploitation of Omnidirectional Reflectivity | |
| Abstract: Omnidirectional reflectors, with nearly perfect reflectivity, have been demonstrated both in academic laboratories and in industrial applications. These designs are similar to multilayer radome designs in that either wide bandwidth or wide angle coverage is obtained by utilizing many layers of dielectric with differing dielectric constants. In radome design, the objective is to achieve nearly perfect transmission over a specified bandwidth and coverage field-of-view. The omnidirectional reflector turns that problem around to achieve nearly perfect reflection without the use of lossy materials such as metals. Another difference between demonstrated omnidirectional reflectors and radomes is the current band of operation (visible and infrared) and number of layers. Commercial applications to date include films for windows that reduce radiant heat through windows as an energy conservation technology. These films, consisting of something like one thousand layers of alternating materials, have been tuned for maximum IR reflection and acceptable visible light transmission. Mission Research Corporation (MRC) has over 20 years of experience designing, fabricating, and testing unique radome configurations for the US Air Force and other customers. One of the aspects of MRC's research and design program over the years is the development of specialized design tools for radome development. One of these, MRC_TLM, uses a transmission line model coupled with a Monte Carlo optimizer to design multilayer radomes. MRC will utilize MRC_TLM to determine the feasibility and anticipated performance associated with a planar multilayer stack designed to be an omnidirectional reflector. However, planar configurations are not the only useful geometry. Concentric layers of cylindrical shells is also of tremendous interest as a dielectric waveguide. Improvements are needed in design to reduce the loss associated with leaky waves. Hence, MRC in collaboration with Michigan State University (MSU), will develop the necessary formulation for implementing a version of MRC_TLM for concentric dielectric shells. Provided the use of multilayer structures is demonstrated in Phase I, a user-friendly computer program (similar to the available MRC_TLM program for the planar case) will be written in Phase II to implement the cylindrical case. In addition, test cases will be designed, fabricated, and tested as part of Phase II for tool validation and demonstration of proof-of-concept. The commercial benefits of the proposed research will have an impact on all applications in national defense technology and telecommunications. A partial list of these applications include: 1) MMW/MW circuitry for better mode control in broadband/high gain/high power amplifiers for high resolution radar systems, 2) remote sensors, 3) low-probability of intercept communications, 4) fly-by-wire control systems, 5) ultra-low loss waveguides (optical fibers), 6) laser cavities, and 7) chemical detection using surface waves. The benefits of this research will impact each of these applications by simply making the applications possible or enhancing them. Solid mathematical formulation and numerical analysis will help to develop accurate and efficient computational algorithms for the study of multilayered structures. These tools will be extremely valuable in designing omnidirectional reflectors and low loss optical fibers for lower frequencies (millimeter-wave/microwave). As an example, a mathematical investigation shows that optimal structures for coating design problems frequently consist of multilayers of two alternating materials with high refractive index ratio. The mathematical formulation and numerical algorithm resulting from our proposed research can be used in optimal design codes (Phase II) which will lead to the development and production of low-loss omnidirectional reflectors and low-loss optical fibers for lower frequencies. The fabrication of these products can be carried out by MRC and its potential partners. | |
| NANODYNAMICS, INC.
510 East 73rd Street, #202 New York, NY 10021 (212) 249-2232 PI: Dr. Chia-Gee Wang (212) 249-2232 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0091 |
UNIV. OF N.C., CHARLOTTE
Dept. of E.E. CARC Rm 204, 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28223 (704) 547-2083 ID#: F023-0066 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-005 Awarded: 21AUG02 |
| Title: Controlled Nucleation and Growth in Semiconductor Epitaxy | |
| Abstract: Thermal budget is the most important parameter in the fabrication of high quality epitaxial structures. Many fabrication techniques or processes, however, cannot survive the elevated temperatures. The use of ultrasound to promote the surface atomic mobility during fabrication can reduce the thermal budget, thereby providing new methods that cannot be considered at elevated temperatures. Important widegap materials such as SiC and GaN can possibly be fabricated at reduced temperature with greatly reduced defect densities. | |
| OMNIGUIDE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
One Kendall Square, Building 100 Cambridge, MA 02139 (617) 551-8440 PI: Maksim A. Skorobogatiy (617) 551-8425 Contract #: F49620-02-D-0089 |
STANFORD UNIV.
Ginzton Laboratory, AP 273, PROF. SHANHUI FAN Stanford, CA 94305-4088 (650) 723-2610 ID#: F023-0089 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-015 Awarded: 20AUG02 |
| Title: Exploitation of Omnidirectional Reflectivity | |
| Abstract: We propose a set of numerical and analytical tools to address electromagnetic wave propagation in dielectric mirrors and waveguides designed on the principles of omnidirectional reflectivity. Design concepts of the broad frequency range of omnireflectivity will be presented, as well as the deleterious role of imperfections in scattering to the surface and radiation states will be investigated. Omnidirectional reflector technology will have a meaningful commercial effect in multiple markets, including efficient radiation delivery at any desirable wavelengths, in particular, visible and mid IR ranges. Anticipated applications include high power delivery of visible to mid IR radiation for laser surgery, as well as for industrial cutting and welding laser tools. IR spectroscopy for medical diagnostics. IR image transmission and optical communications. | |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810-1077 (978) 689-0003 PI: Dr. Shawn Wehe (978) 689-0003 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0054 |
OHIO STATE UNIV. RESEARCH FOUNDATION
1960 Kenny Road Columbus, OH 43210-1063 (614) 292-8671 ID#: F023-0082 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-014 Awarded: 06AUG02 |
| Title: Plasma and Photoionization Approaches for Combustion Initiation | |
| Abstract: The proposed research will analyze the effect of radical production by non-equilibrium plasmas on the ignition characteristics of methane-air flows. We will develop a plasma ignition module using transverse radio frequency (RF) discharge. Previously, unique stable non-equilibrium RF plasmas have been generated in cold steady-state air and methane flows. Non-intrusive diagnostics including a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, microwave resonance lamp and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) will be employed to characterize the discharge through measurements of OH, H2O, NO concentrations, and temperature. These results will validate a RF discharge kinetic model, and help develop a predictive and development tool for ignition module design. Direct measurements of the ignition delay and energy will be obtained, using an ignition module including RF generator, flameholder, and a spark ignition source located behind the flameholder. Measurements with and without the presence of the plasma will demonstrate the effect of the RF discharge on ignition delay time and energy. Ignition delay measurements will be obtained by measuring the blow-off velocity using a rod-stabilized flameholder. Additionally, the spark energy measurements with and without the RF discharge will quantify the effect of radical production on the minimum ignition energy. This research will yield four important benefits. First is the development of a plasma ignition module which will be applicable to phase II experimentation. This module will be developed using the experimental and modeling information derived from this program with the advantage of advisement from General Electric corporation. They have offered to assist this research effort to help align the development of the plasma igniter with the interest of the customer. Additionally, the experimental data will provide code validation for the development of a predictive numerical tool to be used in further igniter and diagnostic development in Phase II. The successful development of a plasma ignition module will yield improvements in ignition characteristics providing for better flame holding capability and a more reliable high altitude re-light ignition system. Furthermore, the enhanced flammability limits will, in lean fuel conditions, aid in the reduction of NOx generation. | |
| PILATO CONSULTING
598 Watchung Road Bound Brook, NJ 08805-1746 (732) 469-4057 PI: Dr. Louis A. Pilato (732) 469-4057 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0086 |
TEXAS A&M UNIV.
Department of Mechanical Engr., 3123 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3123 (512) 301-4170 ID#: F023-0163 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-008 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Intermediate Temperature Carbon/Carbon Structures | |
| Abstract: Carbon-carbon structures are traditionally designed and optimized for high temperature applications. They have very high temperature capability under inert atmospheric conditions but suffer from thermo-oxidative instability above ~700oF without oxidation protection and result in poor mechanical strength. Nanoparticles based on either nanoclay or POSS materials in conjunction with tethering these nanoparticles will be introduced within the carbon-carbon composition prior to cure. The development of the nanocomposite phase within a resin matrix system results in outstanding property benefits such as improved mechanical strength, reduced thermal oxidation, among other improvements. Co-cure/co-carbonization of these resulting nanoparticle modified carbon-carbon compositions is expected to provide improved and maintained mechanical strength by preventing the diffusion of oxygen (oxidation) within the resulting carbon-carbon composites (CCC). This will extend the capabilities of the current CCC materials with improved thermo-oxidative stability and long-term application at 700-1200oF with higher compressive/tensile strength in this temperature range. A nanocomposite phase combined with phenolic cyanate ester carbon-carbon carbon composites will be formulated, fabricated, and tested for mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures (700o to 1200oF) for 1000 hr. Improved thermo-oxidative stability, enhanced mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are expected. This new CCC technology will be able to replace titanium alloy applications with substantial weight savings. | |
| POWDERMET, INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd, Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 (818) 768-6420 PI: Mr. Dean Baker (818) 768-6420 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0057 |
PENN STATE UNIV.
C211 Coal Utilization lab, .Energy Institute Univaersity Park, PA 16802 (814) 863-0594 ID#: F023-0201 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-008 Awarded: 29JUL02 |
| Title: Intermediate Temperature Carbon/Carbon Structures | |
| Abstract: Light weight structures are improtant for many DoD applications. Current research on Carbon/carbon at temerpatrues below 1200 F have been margially successful. More research is mneeded on identifying other methods for protection of the carbon over this temperature range. The team of PSU and Powdermet will e explore several unique methods for carbon/carbon protection. High temperature structures can be used in reenty and engine applications for DioD and commercial applicatins. | |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
4325-B Forbes Blvd Lanham, MD 20706 (301) 306-0010 PI: Dr. Daniel J. Sullivan (609) 580-0080 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0066 |
PRINCETON UNIV.
MAE Department, Rm D414, E-Quad, Olden Street Princeton, NJ 08544 (609) 258-4741 ID#: F023-0007 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-014 Awarded: 23AUG02 |
| Title: Plasma and Photoionization Approaches for Combustion Initiation | |
| Abstract: Ignition and flame holding is one of the key problems in development of ram/scramjet engines in the range of flight Mach numbers from about 4 (the minimum Mach number for ramjet operation) to 7. At Mach number less than 7, the static temperature at the entrance to the combustor is below 1,200 K, and the unassisted ignition delay time is in the millisecond range. At flow velocities of 1,000-2,000 m/s, the unassisted ignition would occur at distances greater than several meters downstream. Thus, reduction of the ignition delay time down to 1-10 microseconds is indeed critical. Thus, there is a clearly identified need and opportunity to develop an efficient plasma ignition and combustion assistance system. We propose to design, test, and develop an efficient plasma ignition and combustion-assistance device, primarily targeted towards hydrocarbon-fuel ram/scramjets. The approach that we propose is to accomplish ignition with very high E/N nanosecond-scale pulses repeated at a rate of up to 100 kHz. Very strong electric fields would generate high-energy electrons that are very effective in ionization, molecular dissociation, and electronic excitation at low gas temperature, while minimizing stagnation pressure losses due to reduced heating. Phase I of this research program will increase the present understanding of combustion ignition through the creation of a kinetic model. This initial work will model will model a methane/air mixture. Results of this work will establish the foundation for modeling of more realistic hydrocarbon fuels such as ethylene and JP-10 in Phase II. The experimental work in Phase I will establish quantitative data which will be used to validate the kinetic model. This work will also result in a quantitative comparison of the relative effectiveness of both conventional (DC spark and laser) ignition processes and that of repetitively pulsed high-voltage (high E/N) plasmas ignition. These results coupled with results from additional microwave flame enhancement tests will provide information critical to the development of Phase II tests which will examine the ignition characteristics of more realistic fuel mixtures over a wider range of flow conditions. | |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
4325-B Forbes Blvd Lanham, MD 20706 (301) 306-0010 PI: Dr. Daniel J. Sullivan (609) 580-0080 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0080 |
FLORIDA SPACE INSTITUTE
MS: FSI Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 (321) 452-4842 ID#: F023-0008 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-016 Awarded: 20AUG02 |
| Title: Design of a Microwave ElectroMagneto-Static (MEMS) Thruster for Nanosatellites | |
| Abstract: Research Support Instruments, Inc., with the aid of the Princeton University Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials (POEM) group and the Florida Space Institute (FSI), proposes the development of a revolutionary, high specific impulse, microchip-sized thruster for nanosatellite propulsion. This project will combine recent advances in two areas: larger-sized Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) ion sources developed for ion propulsion (Satori et. al 1996), and a microchip-sized microwave plasma generator (Siebert et. al., 1998). The result will be the Microwave ElectroMagneto-Static (MEMS) thruster, an ECRH-ionized electrostatic thruster with a specific impulse appropriate for a xenon-based ion thruster (~2000 seconds). In addition, the MEMS thruster technology will be immediately applicable as an extremely compact electron source for neutralization in other microthrusters such as the micro-ion, micro-Hall, and FEEP thrusters. FSI will develop new sub-micron models and scaling laws for microwave ionization, ECRH heating, and electrostatic acceleration. RSI will design and fabricate a laboratory model of the MEMS thruster/neutralizer at the POEM Micro-Fabrication Laboratories. An array of MEMS thrusters will provide high specific impulse thruster in microchip form. The development of the MEMS thruster will take advantage of an open, underdeveloped market - compact thruster neutralization - to provide immediate commercial application while development and validation of the actual thruster continues. The MEMS thruster represents a unique opportunity to satisfy the need for high specific impulse micro-machined thrusters onboard nanosatellites, as well as a commercially attractive need for compact neutralization in a variety of existing microthrusters. | |
| SENTOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
11551 Nuckols Rd., Suite Q Glen Allen, VA 23060 (804) 360-5440 PI: Dr. Natalia Levit (804) 270-1411 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0056 |
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV.
Office of Sponsored Programs, PO Box 980568 Richmond, VA 23298-0568 (804) 828-6772 ID#: F023-0058 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-007 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Development of Chemical Sensors Based on Encapsulated Small Particles | |
| Abstract: Sentor Technologies in collaboration with Virginia Commonwealth University proposes to develop a new chemical sensor technology based on encapsulated micro or nano-scale particles. The core of the particles will consist of a material that undergoes a specific property change (e.g. color, refractive index) upon exposure to a vapor of interest. The outer shell of the particles will consist of a new molecularly imprinted polymeric material exhibiting controlled molecular-scale porosity. The shell acts as a filter and is designed to preferentially pass vapors within a particular molecular size range. Vapor detection and identification is accomplished by observing the sequence of property (say color) changes in an array of particle collections, each imprinted for a specific molecular size range. The core property change will signal the presence of a vapor. The specific sequence will be unique to each vapor of interest. If successful, the propsed miniature chemical sensor technology could provide the government and commercial sector with a portable, low cost sensor with performance parameters far superior to existing technologies. | |
| SHAPE CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES
1731 Hendrix Ave. Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 (805) 312-5665 PI: Dr. Peter Jardine (805) 312-5665 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0095 |
UNIVERISITY OF CALIFORNIA, LA
38-137N Engineering 4 Building, UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90095 (310) 825-6030 ID#: F023-0143 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-011 Awarded: 28AUG02 |
| Title: Developement and Testing of Thin Film Shape Memory Effect Optical Membranes | |
| Abstract: The development of optical coatings utilising smart thin film shape memory alloys will be investigated using several techniques. The coatings will be placed on optical quality membranes. Processing conditions to ensure compatibility with the polyimide will be investigated including the use of both sacrificial layers and conversion coatings to generate the desired heterostructures. In addition, optically smooth thin film Shape Memory Alloys will be attempted. In this study, Shape Change Technologies will be providing both deposition studies and optical characterization and control of the material. This will include both surface roughness measurements and single point actuation measurements on the material. UCLA will also generate thin film material and perform thermo-mechanical characterization of the thin films, including transformation temperature characterization, stiffness and dynamic loss measurements.These measurements will be integrated in an FEM model of the membrane Finally, we will generate using Labview, a simple control module to control a single point on the membrane. Samples will be delivered to the Sturctural Dynamics group at AFRL (Albuquerque) to generate detailed studies of the thin film behavior using interferometry. Thin film Shape Memory alloys as part of an adaptive optical systems will generate significant interest in the areas of biofluidic analysis. Optimized processing conditions of the thin films for reproducible control is required, and this research allows this development and process refinement. Successful development of smart SME membranes in other areas will also benefit. | |
| SILVACO DATA SYSTEMS, INC.
4701 Patrick Henry Drive, Building 2 Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 654-4303 PI: Dr. William French (408) 654-4313 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0067 |
UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA
475 Evans Hall, Dept. Material Science Berkeley, CA 94720-1760 (510) 642-0205 ID#: F023-0078 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-005 Awarded: 14AUG02 |
| Title: Control, Characterization, and Modeling of GaN Low Temperature Growth | |
| Abstract: Device structures fabricated in III-V materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) require either deliberately induced defects to take advantage of ultra short lifetime effects or ideal defect free crystallinity grown at low temperature to reduce diffusion of hetero-junction interfaces. The essence of the proposed project is to use MBE crystal growth assistance techniques, such as surfactants or in-situ external fields, to control the defectivity or crystallinity of a test vehicle compound semiconductor, such as GaN, which shows promising characteristics for both military and civilian uses. A test device will then be fabricated to demonstrate the different electrical behaviors of the grown semiconductors. In order to reduce the number of iterations before arriving at a particular recipe, it is desirable to model the crystal growth kinetics using software. To summarize, therefore, the total project is split into three main areas:- (i) software modeling techniques to reduce the experimental map. (ii) experimental MBE growth assistance techniques, such as surfactants or locally applied electric fields. (iii) creation of an electrical test vehicle such as a light emitting diode (LED) to investigate electrical quality of the grown layers. The benefits of this program will be the improved control over the crystal growth of GaN and hence the ability to accurately control the growth of defects if required. In order to reduce the total design of experiments it is also proposed that the crystal growth kinetics be modeled accurately using software yet to be developed. The commercial market for GaN runs into the billions of dollars but the material will not reach it's potential until the manufacturing issues are resolved. There would be two major benefits from our work. 1. A technique of controlling the ions during MBE to eliminate random defects 2. The ability to simulate the crystal growth kinetics to reduce the number of physical experiments required to find optimal growth conditions. | |
| SRICO, INC.
2724 SAWBURY BOULEVARD COLUMBUS, OH 43235 (614) 799-0664 PI: Dr. S. Sriram (614) 799-0664 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0062 |
NORTHWESTERN UNIV.
633 Clark Street, Crown 2-502 Evanston, IL 60208-1110 (847) 491-3003 ID#: F023-0144 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 19AUG02 |
| Title: High Speed, Low Drive Voltage Optical Waveguide Devices Using Photonic Band Gap Structures | |
| Abstract: This STTR proposal addresses the development of novel guided wave devices that use photonic band gap technology in epitaxial thin-film ferroelectric barium titanate. This proposed project combines the advanced ferroelectric materials technology developed at Northwestern University with the photonic integrated circuit expertise of Srico to develop next generation nanophotonic hybrid circuit devices. The development of highly integrated thin film, microphotonic systems that generate, guide, amplify, modulate and detect light would dramatically enhance the capabilities of optical communication systems, local area networks and chip-to-chip optical interconnects. Thin film microphotonics can also potentially be used for freespace communication systems. Optical switches are an essential component of many of these systems. Switch requirements include short switching times, low insertion losses and high extinction ratios. Modulators, also a key component in optical communications systems, require very low drive voltage at high transmission speeds as well as low insertion losses and high extinction ratios. The long-term goal will be to develop the technology for the implementation of integrated microphotonic circuits for terabit/second systems based upon ferroelectric thin film epitaxial barium titanate. The research will address the longstanding need for integrated optical devices that require low drive voltage and offer high switching speed and wide operating bandwidth. The proposed microphotonic devices could be used in high speed optical communications networks, local area networks, optical interconnects, and any application where very low (<1 V) drive voltage is required. Successful implementation should significantly impact applications ranging from dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) to optical intrerconnects. Successful creation of thin film barium electro-optic devices would lead to many significant technical performance and cost benefits for commercial optical waveguide devices. | |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
1800 Quail Street, P.O. Box 9219 Newport Beach, CA 92658 (256) 971-7000 PI: Mr. Hillary E. Roberts (256) 971-8936 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0083 |
YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIV.
One University Plaza Youngstown, OH 44555 (330) 742-3091 ID#: F023-0162 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-006 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: Isomeric Targets for High-Energy Density Applications | |
| Abstract: This effort will identify sources and production methods for isomeric materials. Isomeric targets will be built and characterized for experiments and potential application studies. Isomers will include Hf-178m2 and other isomers of similar characteristics favorable to triggered energy release by x-ray irradiation. Experiments will include spectroscopic analysis, x-ray irradiation effects, and other energy-time resolved decay measurements to determine reaction cross-sections, trigger energies, triggered decay cascade transitions, and isomer production reaction characteristics. Provides a source of long-lived isomer targets developed for specific triggering experimental protocols. Will provide scientific data to allow development of triggered isomer-based applications including medical oncology, industrial radiography, food sterilization, neutralization of biohazards including military weapons of mass destruction. | |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854-3908 (732) 885-5909 PI: Dr. Catherine E. Rice (732) 885-5909 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0079 |
UNIV. OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
Room 460 Peterson Bldg Madison, WI 53706 (608) 262-0252 ID#: F023-0156 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-017 Awarded: 15AUG02 |
| Title: A Scaleable Method for Fabricating Nonlinear Photonic Crystals | |
| Abstract: The University of Wisconsin has developed an MOCVD process by which micron-scale and nanoscale high contrast (air/LiNbO3) epitaxial film photonic structures can be fabricated. As a consequence of the large index difference, as well as the large second order optical nonlinearity of LiNbO3, very compact all-optical and electro-optic devices based on index-confined and photonic bandgap defect waveguides can be realized. These structures will serve as the basis for a new class of truly compact electro-optic and all-optical devices and circuits. The goal of the first phase of this proposed work is to design and demonstrate a reproducible wafer-scale version of the growth process. The follow-on effort will be dedicated to the design, fabrication, and characterization of several devices, including an ultrafast traveling wave modulator, tunable resonator filter, and an all-optical logic switch. This effort will combine the unique expertise of the group of Dr. Leon McCaughan at University of Wisconsin-Madison, discoverer of the technology, Structured Materials Industries, Inc., with extensive knowledge and background in oxide MOCVD processes and equipment, and Pandanus Optical Technologies, for design and fabrication of advanced optical devices. This proposal is addressed to the expressed Air Force need for advanced nanophotonic devices and technology. Successful completion of this program will enable a breakthrough in device capability and quality for a variety of commercial and military applications, including all-optical logic switches, tunable resonator filters and demultiplexers, and very low voltage traveling wave modulators - all part of a growing >$10B market | |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3677 (952) 934-2100 PI: Dr. Amir M. Dabiran (952) 934-2100 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0061 |
UNIV. OF MINNESOTA
Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., 200 Union Street SE, Room 4-17 Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612) 625-5517 ID#: F023-0193 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-005 Awarded: 02AUG02 |
| Title: Low Pressure Source for Mass-Selective, Diffusion Assisted Epitaxy | |
| Abstract: Dramatic differences in the diffusivities of the constituents of novel thin film materials and structures limit material perfection under far from equilibrium growth conditions. We will develop a new light-mass ion source, compatible with the low pressure requirements of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), to provide selective enhancement of the motion of surface atoms. Helium or hydrogen ions incident on a surface at approximately 100 eV will mainly transfer their energy to lower mass, surface atoms. This low-pressure ion source will be compared to a higher pressure Kaufman source for the MBE growth of technologically important III-nitride materials. The low-mass ions will overwhelmingly deposit their energy at the N atoms, effectively setting the growth conditions closer to equilibrium. The results will be compared to literature reports using higher mass ions. For low-mass ions incident at low angles with low energy, the energy transfer will be well below sputtering thresholds. The impinging ions will only be able to excite local phonon modes that selectively enhance surface diffusion. If more momentum transfer is desired, higher mass ions could be used. Development of this new ion source would greatly impact a wide range of materials systems. Currently, the growth of multicomponent thin films and films with hyperabrupt interfaces challenges all growth techniques. The proposed low-mass ion source will allow control of defects, grain size, surface chemistry, and enable abrupt hetero-epitaxial combinations not currently possible. As a proof of concept, the enhanced MBE growth of GaN and InGaN will be demonstrated. This technique would greatly benefit the development of novel semiconductor thin films and structures. | |
| SYNTERIALS, INC.
318 Victory Drive Herndon, VA 20170 (703) 471-9310 PI: Mr. Dan Petrak (828) 252-2664 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0088 |
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Bldg. 4515 Mailstop 6062, P.O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6062 (865) 574-5123 ID#: F023-0203 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-008 Awarded: 04SEP02 |
| Title: Intermediate Temperature Carbon/Carbon Structures | |
| Abstract: It should be possible to greatly enhance the properties of Carbon-Carbon Composites (CCC) if the materials is designed to be used at temperatures of no more than 1200F. Processing of this new CCC will be aimed at tailoring the material properties to be stable in this intermediate temperature range. The research will be focused at interface coatings, matrix stability and CVD surface coatings with minimal cracking. Interface coatings of carbon will compared to boron nitride based coatings. Matrix processing options will include CVD, phenolic resin derived and phenolic resin blends with polymer precursors for silicon carbide. All three matrices will be treated with phosphate solutions for additional matrix oxidation resistance. Low temperature CVD coatings of Si3N4 will also evaluated for their contribution to oxidation resistance. The cumulative effects of the tailored processing should produce the basis for a new generation of CCC. This research will produce carbon-carbon composites with greater thermal stability and composites with enhances mechanical properties compared to composites that have been designed for use at temperatures over 2600F. These new materials may provide an alternative to titanium for many aerospace applications. | |
| TECH-X CORP.
5541 Central Ave #135 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 448-0728 PI: Dr. David L Bruhwiler (303) 448-0732 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0050 |
MIT
77 Massachusettes Ave Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 (617) 253-3856 ID#: F023-0030 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-015 Awarded: 21AUG02 |
| Title: Exploitation of Omnidirectional Reflectivity | |
| Abstract: We propose to provide both frequency domain and time domain capabilities for the modeling of electromagnetic (EM) waves in dielectric media with the goal of accurate modeling of omnidirectional reflectors. Omnidirectional reflectors, constructed with layers of dielectrics, reflect electromagnetic radiation is 100% efficiency for all incident angles and polarizations. The Phase I effort will carry this out through a two-pronged approach. To provide time-domain modeling capabilities, we extend the VORPAL EM modeling code of the University of Colorado to allow use of higher-order algrorithms (beyond standard FDTD on the Yee mesh.) We will then carry out a number of numerical experiments for scattering of light off of omnidirectional reflectors. To provide frequency-domain modeling capabilities, we will generalize the Photon Band Gap Structure Simulator of MIT to 3D and include the ability to analyze surface waves. For both cases we will investigate surface waves and carry out rigorous error analyses. The Phase II effort will then be to extend the software to facilitate the definition of Photon Band Gap structures, to harden the algorithms and software through extensive testing, and to provide a graphical user interface to the software. The resulting modeling code suite with a GUI will be a powerful and attractive tool for designing a wide variety of military, commercial and scientific devices, including lasers, microwave tubes, and waveguides. This code will run on PC's with Windows 95/NT, making it accessible to the great majority of potential customers, and on the full spectrum of Unix platforms, making it the design code of choice for scientists and engineers working on large-scale simulations. The entire application will be object oriented so the code can be readily modified and extended in presently unforeseen ways to meet the needs of future users and the challenges of future design efforts. | |
| TECHNOLOGY IN BLACKSBURG, INC.
2901 Prosperity Road Blacksburg, VA 24060 (540) 961-4401 PI: Dr. Semih Olcmen (540) 961-4401 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0003 |
VIRGINIA TECH
Mechanical Dpt and Physics Dpt Blacsburg, VA 24061 (540) 231-8727 ID#: F023-0087 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-012 Awarded: 08OCT02 |
| Title: Mitigation of Aero-Optic Distortions by Active Flow Control | |
| Abstract: Technology in Blscksburg (Techsburg( and the Physics Department at Virginia Tech propose to investigate the potential of both active and passive devices to mitigate the aero-optical distortions generated in a supersonic flow over a cylindrical-base/hemi-spherical-top directed energy system turret. A combined suction and blowing system will be used for active flow control, with vortex generators as passive flow control devices. Phase-front distortions of a large diameter laser beam will be measured using a variable-shear-interferometry techinque. Techsburg has developed a novel method to produce suction and blowing from the same small fluidic actuator that reduces complexity over separate systems and produces more momentum for flow control than traditional blowing. The proposed technique begins by removing the horse-shoe vortex/boundary layer forming on the wall near the nose of the turret with suction. Next the fluid removed from the nose region and some aditional air will be injected in predetermined directions into the wake of the turret to enhance mixing. The air suction will be generated by the blowing action with the use of the ejector pump technique. Vortex genertors with sized much smaller than the local boundary layer thickness will be placed on the hemi-spherical dome to crate vortices to delay the separation location over the aft section of the turret. | |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 (978) 250-4200 PI: Dr. Bryan Koene (978) 250-4200 Contract #: F49620-02-C-0046 |
CLARK ATLANTA UNIV.
223 James P. Brawley Drive SW Atlanta, GA 30314 (404) 880-6886 ID#: F023-0060 Agency: AF Topic#: 02-008 Awarded: 01AUG02 |
| Title: Carbon-Carbon Composites in Improved Thermo-Oxidative Stability | |
| Abstract: Triton Systems responds to the Air Force need to produce intermediate temperature (700-1200øF) stable carbon-carbon composites. Although such composites are very stable at high temperatures (>1800øF) in an inert atmosphere, they are susceptible to degradation in hot, oxidizing environments. Triton proposes to utilize high temperature stable, resin transfer moldable (RTM, VARTM) phenyl ethynyl terminated imide materials with the incorporation of nanofillers, which will improve both the strength and the thermo-oxidative stability of the resulting composite. Our research has already shown a significant increase of carbon yields as well as improved thermal stability of the resulting composites. We have also shown that the use of minute quantities of our patented nanosilicates can be processed by standard molding techniques (RTM) that yield a highly dense composite. The materials and structures developed on this program will result in low-cost, lightweight, high strength carbon/carbon structures and multi-functional components with long-term (thousands of hours) 700-1200øF use capability The use of carbon-carbon composites in intermediate temperature, oxidative environments will find extensive use in various aerospace structural applications in which only metal (i.e. titanium) are currently suitable. | |
| TRIT |