| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED
12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170-2359 (571) 323-0080 PI: Dr. Plamen V Petrov (402) 384-9893 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA
6001 Dodge Street Omaha, NE 20170 (402) 554-2286 ID#: F033-0122 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: Eigen-Similarity Integral (ESI) - A New Concept for Invariant Image Similarity Detection | |
| Abstract: Most of today''s precision guided weapons use Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to gain improved accuracy. But, as Operation Iraqi Freedom recently showed, foreign militaries have equipment to locally jam GPS signals. Another effective method of autonomous navigation is necessary to ensure mission success. Similar to rudimentary terrain recognition used in early cruise missiles, the matching of terrain video images with onboard digitized terrain information can be used to accurately provide a platform with effective positional awareness. The team of 21st Century Systems, Inc. and the University of Nebraska at Omaha is pleased to address the first step in achieving this worthy goal. Our proposed research focuses on developing a mathematically sound approach for image similarity detection and extraction. The project is aimed at the development of a methodology that is suitable for various military weapon system applications such as target identification and autonomous navigation of unmanned vehicles. The method is based on the Eigen-similarity of a set of image features. We call this concept the Eigen-Similarity Integral (ESI). The advantages of an ESI-based method for comparing and matching the dominant components of images include computation effectiveness, uniqueness, flexibility, and conciseness. The ability to perform a computationally effective comparison of real-time images with images or video from a library is a key enabling technology for many military and commercial activities. Militarily speaking, this capability could be used for automated target recognition, automated target tracking, and autonomous navigation for unmanned weapon systems. Certainly, a navigation or targeting system based solely on GPS is neither robust nor fault-tolerant. An ESI-based navigation system would provide that advantage. An ESI-based software application would accelerate the exploitation of intelligence and UAV camera imagery and ground moving target indicator (GMTI) video. Using the ESI-based image discerning capability of GMTI video, contextual map data, and intelligent agents, this application of our research could assist with target recognition, target tracking, and detection through clutter (i.e., trees). Many non-military applications involving video monitoring would benefit strongly from the core concept: facility and physical security, traffic monitoring, and others. Indeed, the Homeland Defense arena could make excellent use of the results of this research. | |
| ACULIGHT CORPORATION
11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 (425) 482-1100 PI: Mr. Chuck Miyake (425) 482-1100 Contract #: |
MIT LINCOLN LABORATORY
224 Wood Street Lexington, MA 02420 (781) 981-7108 ID#: F033-0089 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-025 Selected for Award |
| Title: Dual use, non-cryogenic operating temperature, mid-infrared laser | |
| Abstract: Future IRCM laser transmitters are being developed based on optically pumped GaSb mid-infrared semiconductor laser, however, the current technology requires the laser to be operated at cryogenic temperature. Aculight and MIT Lincoln Laboratory propose to investigate methods to increase the operating temperature of these semiconductor lasers, which will dramatically decrease the cost of the laser transmitter by eliminating the need for a cryogenic cooler and associated vacuum dewar. The proposed mid-infrared laser technology has potential applications in spectroscopic gas sensing systems for environmental monitoring, explosive detection and industrial process monitoring sensors. | |
| ADVANCED ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS INCORPORATED
425 Oser Avenue Hauppauge, NY 11788 (631) 273-5700 PI: Dr. John Pinezich (631) 273-5700 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
6200 Baltimore Avenue, Suite 300 Riverdale, MD 20737-1054 (301) 405-4770 ID#: F033-0061 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: Application of Cortical Processing Theory to Acoustical Analysis | |
| Abstract: Advanced Acoustic Concepts, Inc. (AAC) proposes to implement a computational model of human auditory processing based upon cortical theory and to demonstrate its utility to evaluate and improve systems for speech communication and automated recognition of spectro-temporal patterns. Specifically, AAC believes that unusual brain representations and processing strategies are largely responsible for the remarkable sensitivity and robustness exhibited by humans and animals in detecting and recognizing sound in nature. The models AAC intends to implement based upon biomimetic analytical and computational models have shown great promise in application to practical problems, e.g. classification of bird species using bird vocalizations. To further capture these capabilities AAC proposes to formulate higher level functional models of the auditory cortex resulting in new algorithms with enhanced stability and robustness. Improvements in error rates and detection probabilities for automatic speech recognition and acoustic identification. Speaker independent language, dialect and accent identification. New technologies for the hearing impaired, including improvements to cochlear implants. Accurate monitoring for failure prediction of artificial body parts, e.g. plastic heart valves. New and/or enhanced portable language translation devices. Novel approaches to data compression, resulting in high capacity information transmission on existing channels. Separation of noisy data into subcomponents, e.g. extracting one voice from many in a room. Computer chips that emulate human hearing. Improved diagnostic methods for machinery maintenance using acoustic emissions. | |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706-5013 (520) 573-6300 PI: Dr. Ranji Vaidyanathan (520) 434-6392 Contract #: |
RICE UNIVERSITY
Off. of Spon. Res.-MS16, P.O. Box 1892 Houston, TX 77251-1892 (713) 348-6200 ID#: F033-0346 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Multi-functional nanocomposite materials with high-temperature polymer resin matrice | |
| Abstract: Composites that are reinforced with well-dispersed carbon nanotubes have been shown to improve the performance of polymers in many areas such as stiffness, heat distortion temperature, control of thermal coefficient of expansion, and corrosion resistance in extreme environments. However, much of the nanocomposite related research and development has not been directly relevant to carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites technology. In this STTR phase I program, a team consisting of Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc (ACR) and the Center for Nanocomposites at Rice University (Rice) propose to develop a novel nanocomposite system to improve the high temperature performance, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding capabilities of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. The introduction of nanotubes into the composite matrix is expected to improve several properties such as interfacial shear strength, glass transition temperature as well as moisture resistance of the composite system. Commercial benefits include multifunctional composites for EMI shielding as well as high strength composites for elevated temperature use. | |
| AETION TECHNOLOGIES LLC
1275 Kinnear Road Columbus, OH 43212-1155 (614) 340-1835 PI: Dr. John Josephson (614) 975-0341 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0054 |
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
153 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1278 (614) 292-8671 ID#: F033-0241 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-006 Awarded: 8/6/2003 |
| Title: Separation of Speech from Background | |
| Abstract: Human ability to attend to a single voice in the presence of background interference is remarkable. If this could be imitated in practical technology it would be of great benefit for automatic speech recognition and other applications. Researchers at Ohio State University have demonstrated computational methods for separating speech from interfering sounds that imitate human auditory processing, and that have achieved levels of performance clearly evident to the untrained ear. Aetion Technologies will partner with Ohio State to carry this research to commercial application. Aetion is well suited to the task by reason of its technical competencies, its physical proximity to Ohio State, its official status as a University Technology Commercialization Company, and its business competencies. The effort will focus on monaural processing. An effective system for separating speech from acoustic interference would greatly facilitate many applications, including automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speaker identification. Market demand for these applications is very great; the constraint has been the availability of effective solutions. Application areas are diverse, but attenuating acoustic interference comprises only part of the solution. It is unlikely to form the basis for a business-to-consumer start-up. Aetion will seek to fully develop the capability and license it as an OEM to companies developing full applications for speech to text , speech command, and improved intelligibility for voice communications. Likely customers include such premier names as IBM, AT&T, Microsoft, Motorola, and Sony. The potential of this market is likely to attract venture capital should it be needed to fully develop the capability. | |
| AGILTRON CORPORATION
13 Henshaw Street Woburn, MA 01801-4666 (781) 933-0513 PI: Dr. Jing Zhao (781) 933-0513 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0069 |
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
2207 Pearson Hall, Room 15, Iowa State University Ames, IN 50011 (515) 294-5225 ID#: F033-0059 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-005 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Novel Biomimetic MEMS Based Infrared Sensor | |
| Abstract: This program addresses a new approach to IR imager that closely mimics biological organisms sense principals, having advantages in sensitivity, energy efficiency, reliability, and cost as compared with the competitive approaches. The innovation is based on incorporation of sensitive polymer-molecular with a highly efficient micro-machined thermal-mechanical PFA that directly converts IR image into visible image. The biomimetic material engineering holds the promise to manifold increase in the sensitivity of our established photo-thermal MEMS sensors, providing an unprecedented opportunity to produce affordable IR imager. The new miro-bolometer FPA is a real-time continuous IR sensor without the need for cooling, potentially offering high resolution that comparable to cryogenically cooled sensors. They are manufactured with low-cost large-volume processing in standard silicon or MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) foundries, and packaged using low-cost vacuum packaging technologies. The design incorporates optical read-out, which eliminates the drawback of electronic means that inevitably introduce additional signal loss due to thermal contact made to the detector element. Moreover, the design is simple, compact, lightweight, low power consumption, rugged, and long operating life. An array of prototype device will be fabricated to demonstrate imaging in real-time in Phase I. Success in the Phase I effort will identify a viable manufacturing route for low cost solid-state dual mode imagers. These devices have a wide range of "dual use" applications, from various DoD's battlefield applications to commercial applications of fire fighting, law enforcement, industrial control, and driver's aid. | |
| AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR
Two Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581-1727 (508) 621-4265 PI: Dr. C. L. H. Thieme (508) 621-4264 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN
Applied Superconductivity Cent, 1500 Engineering Drive Madison, WI 53706 (608) 263-1580 ID#: F033-0180 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: YBCO Coated Conductors with Reduced AC Losses | |
| Abstract: This Phase I Project will produce RABiTS-based YBCO CCs which are suitable for the manufacture of YBCO Coated Conductors with reduced AC losses. The improvements are based on a novel approach in the production of elements of the conductor. Anticipated AC losses will be analyzed for magnetic field and frequency conditions resembling those experienced by synchronous generator windings and air core transformers. The improved substrates and the implications of the analysis will be included in further Coated Conductor production, scale-up, process optimization and CC design in the Phase II. The proposed work will lead to significant improvements in YBCO Coated Conductors allowing usage in generators and transformers that experience relatively high magnetic fields and enhanced frequencies. | |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 (781) 496-2415 PI: Dr. Jared Freeman (202) 842-1548 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0067 |
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
408 Goodell, 140 Hicks Way Amherst, MA 01003-9272 (413) 545-0698 ID#: F033-0311 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-001 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Automated Diagnosis of Usability Problems Using Statistical Computational Methods | |
| Abstract: The effects of poor usability range from mere inconvenience to disaster. Human factors specialists employ usability analysis to reduce the likelihood or impact of such failures. However, good usability analysis requires usability reports that are rarely collected, rarely complete, and difficult to analyze. Aptima and the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval (U. Mass. Amherst) have partnered to develop a usability analysis system that addresses these problems. The system will consist of (1) an interface to elicit useful usability reports in natural language, (2) a text analysis engine that classifies these reports (or existing usability reports) using a validated taxonomy, and (3) an analysis interface for analyzing individual usability reports and trends in usability problems. We will train and test the system using a very large corpus of publicly available usability reports categorized into an extension of the User Action Framework. Aptima and CIIR will deliver a report of results, a software prototype, and a corpus of manually categorized usability reports. The anticipated benefits of the proposed Usability Reports Diagnostic Tool are as follows. The proposed tool will help to collect and classify usability reports. During usability tests, the tool will facilitate the articulation of observed usability problems. The tool's automatic classifier will analyze the resulting usability reports using a text analysis algorithm and categorize them according to a classification schema (also to be developed under this project). The output will identify the problem observed, classify it by type and by cause, and allow further refine by the user. The Usability Reports Diagnostic Tool will be useful for both usability professionals within software development organizations who must generate reports for internal use and customers, and human factors or other usability professionals in customer organizations who are evaluating the usability of the products. Our solution will enable users (and observers such as usability engineers) to express usability problems in their own terms, while systematically categorizing those problems in meaningful way for designers. | |
| AUTOMATION, INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND SY
9834 Country Creek Way Washington Township, OH 45458 (937) 886-2448 PI: Mrs. Despina Bourbakis (937) 886-2448 Contract #: |
WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY
3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 201J University Hall Dayton, OH 45435-0001 (937) 775-2425 ID#: F033-0361 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: Detecting and Extracting Image Similarities, Differences and Target Patterns | |
| Abstract: This proposal proposes the synergistic integration of several methods for mining images, detecting, correlating and evaluating the existence of artifacts due to either hidden information or changes or target patterns or noise. The first method is based on the Pixels Flow Functions (PFF) able to detect changes in images by projecting the pixel values vertically, horizontally and diagonally. These projections create "functions" related with the average values of pixels summarized horizontally, vertically and diagonally. These functions represent image signatures. The comparison of image signatures defines differences among in images. On the changes discovered by the PFFs morphological image operations will be used for mining the differences. The second method is based on a heuristic graph model, known as Local-Global Graph (LGG), for evaluating modifications in digital images and defining patterns and determining structural associations (relationships). The LGG is based on segmentation and comparing the segments while thresholding the differences in their attributes. The third method is based on stochastic Petri-net graphs (SPNG) able to detect and describe functional relationships (formations) among the changes and patterns and provide first stage interpretation (or knowledge discovery). The next part of the methodology proposed here is the fusion of multimodal representation (visual, IR, thermal , radar) of images for more accurate detection and extraction of the right target patterns. The last part of the research approach here is the tracking and extraction of target patterns from sequences of images. First stage results of each of the first and second methods, implemented in C++, are presented as a first level proof of concept regarding the feasibility of the proposed work. The anticipated benefits from this project are tool-methodologies for: 1. Mining images and sequence of images for detecting similarities and differences 2. Detecting patterns from images and sequence of images 3. Determining time associations and formations of patterns and their relationships 4. Fusing multimodal representation of images 5. Tracking and extracting targeted patterns from sequences of images The commercial applications of the outcome of this STTR effort are: 1. Document processing 2. Handwritten recognition 3. Image understanding 4. Video Analysis 5. Biometrics based Security 6. Face Recognition 7. Biomedical Imaging 8. Biological Imaging 9. Surveillance Systems 10. etc. | |
| BIOSPECT, INC.
951 Gateway Blvd. Suite 3B South San Francisco, CA 94080-7024 (650) 952-4350 PI: Mr. Peter Foley (650) 952-4350 Contract #: |
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Office of Sponsored Research, 651 Serra St., Room 260 Stanford, CA 94305-4125 (650) 725-0515 ID#: F033-0109 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: Hadamard Transform Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry | |
| Abstract: Multiplexed Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers, such as the Hadamard Transform TOFMS (HT-TOFMS), show great promise in increasing MS sensitivity and spectral acquisition speed. Multiplexing the ion beam allows multiple ion packets to simultaneously coexist in the instrument flight tube, advantageously changing a pulsed TOF-MS into a continuously operating instrument. The heart of a HT-TOFMS, and the primary unique feature of the instrument, is the Beam Modulation Device (BMD). This finely spaced electrode structure spatially and temporally modulates the ion beam. The performance of the HT-TOFMS instrument is crucially dependent on the physical fidelity and electrical performance of the BMD. An example of a BMD employed in Stanford''''s HT-TOFMS is the Bradbury-Nielsen Gate (BNG). To date, BNG''''s have been fabricated by hand, and have reached the performance limits of a hand assembled approach. Biospect, in collaboration with the Zare Lab of Stanford University, shall design, simulate, and microfabricate several types of monolithic BMDs for incorporation into a field portable HT-TOFMS. Such microfabricated BMDs will improve the manufacturability, ruggedness, reliability, and measurement repeatability of HT-TOFMS instruments. Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers with greater sensitivity and acquisition speed More readily manufacturable Multiplexed/Hadamard Transform TOF-MS Improved physical robustness (ruggedness) of a Multiplexed/Hadamard Transform TOF-MS | |
| BUSEK CO. INC.
11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760-1023 (508) 655-5565 PI: Dr. James Szabo (508) 655-5565 Contract #: |
WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
100 Institute Road Worcester, MA 01760-1023 (508) 831-5359 ID#: F033-0100 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: Compact Induced Current Hall Thruster | |
| Abstract: Conventional Hall thrusters are difficult to scale to very small sizes. The proposed concept is a new type of compact plasma accelerator that addresses these scaling issues. It resembles a Hall thruster, taking advantage of the heritage of this proven technology, but the current is driven inductively. It has the advantage of needing no cathode. While inductive coupling has been successfully demonstrated, it was forced to large planar devices. Differences in the concept proposed here will allow the thruster to scale to much smaller size. In the Phase I program, Busek Co. and our research partner Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) will analyze and model the induced current thruster using a suite of in-house plasma simulation and thruster design tools. The theoretical and practical size limits of the concept will be determined. Experiments will be performed to characterize the B-field rise time to support design of the pulsed coil and magnetic structure. At the conclusion of Phase I, the detailed design of a prototype thruster and pulse driver electronics will be prepared. In Phase II, the prototype thruster will be built and tested in existing thruster test facilities at Busek to measure and characterize the performance and further optimize the design. There will be many applications for the small, induced current thruster. Not only will this technology be useful for small spacecraft and formation flying, as currently envisioned by the Air Force, but it may also be desirable for larger thrusters for combined primary and ACS propulsion. The large planar inductive thrusters that were tested years ago had long operating life. We expect that this much smaller inductive device will have that advantage too. Because the discharge operates a high plasma density it can also find application in ion beam processing such as etching and milling. | |
| CERMET, INC.
1019 Collier Road, Suite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318 (404) 351-0005 PI: Dr. Varatharajan Rengaraj (404) 351-0005 Contract #: |
PROF. HADIS MORKO‡
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., 601 West Main St. Richmond, VA 23284-3072 (804) 827-3322 ID#: F033-0313 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: Development of ZnO spin Field Effect Transistor (FET) | |
| Abstract: The goal of this effort is to grow transition metal doped ZnO on native substrates, characterize the films, and design a prototype spin FET based on ZnO. The main objective of phase I will be to demonstrate the growth of high quality homoepitaxial this films of transition metal doped ZnO on ZNO using Cermet's MOCVD technology and in-house fabricated substrates. The quality of the films will be analyzed by X-ray, PL and DLTS. Electrical and magnetic properties will be investigated. Successful completion of Phase I will yield room temperature spintronic material based ZnO for electronic and optical applications. This proposed work provides basis for a spin FET with more efficient operation. Spin FET needs less power than a conventional FET and its efficiency is higher than the conventional FET. Defense systems, automotive, commercial aviation and commercial communications industries will benefit from this technology | |
| CERMET, INC.
1019 Collier Road, Suite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318 (404) 351-0005 PI: Dr. Varatharajan Rengaraj (404) 351-0005 Contract #: |
PROF. IAN FERGUSON
Electrical & Computer Engg., 777 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta, GA 30332-0250 (404) 894-6922 ID#: F033-0343 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: Development of ZnO-GaN hybrid spin LED | |
| Abstract: The goal of this effort is to grow ZnO-GaN hybrid spin LED structures. Two different spin LED structures will be fabricated. Cermet, Inc and Georgia Institute of Technology will grow oxide on nitride and nitride on oxide LED structures through MOCVD. The quality of the grown structures will be characterized by X-ray, PL, CL and DLTS. Electrical and magnetic properties will be investigated. Based on the experimental results, the superior LED structure will be selected to fabricate spin LED in phase II. Successful completions of Phase I will yield ZnO-GaN hybrid spin LED structures having room temperature curie temperature. This proposed work provides basis for a hybrid spin LED. Defense systems, automotive, commercial aviation and commercial communications industries will benefit from this technology. | |
| CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 (256) 726-4800 PI: Dr. Vladimir Kolobov (256) 726-4800 Contract #: |
OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY
231 Kaufman Hall Norfolk, VA 23529 (757) 269-5640 ID#: F033-0261 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma optimization for efficient generation of UV radiation and active radicals | |
| Abstract: Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma sources are being actively developed for a variety of industrial and military applications. Many of these applications employ ultraviolet (UV) radiation or active species (radicals) generated by the plasma. The efficiency of plasma sources depends on the energy distribution of electrons which are mainly responsible for the production of radicals and excited species in the plasma and undesirable gas heating. Flexible control of the electron energy spectrum is possible in pulsed power operating regimes. The goal of this project is to optimize short-pulse, high-voltage plasma sources for efficient production of UV radiation and radicals in application to surface modification, sterilization and decontamination of temperature sensitive materials. The project will use an optimal balance of experimental research conducted at Old Dominion University and computer simulations performed at CFD Research Corporation. In phase I, we will design and optimize a pulsed power plasma source and validate the design concepts by quantitative measurements of radical concentrations, UV emission spectra and power density, and the gas temperature for various discharge conditions. In phase II, we will demonstrate the efficiency of the new plasma source for low temperature oxidation, sterilization and wettability change of materials. This research will produce novel plasma source that can be used by aerospace and biomedical industries for surface treatment of temperature sensitive materials, low temperature sterilization and decontamination. Sterilization of food and medical instruments market alone may exceed $100M per year. Commercial market for other applications is expected to be at least $10-20M per year. | |
| CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 (256) 726-4800 PI: Mr. Matthew E. Thomas (256) 726-4800 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA-HUNTSVILLE
301 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35899 (256) 824-6000 ID#: F033-0154 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-027 Selected for Award |
| Title: Axial Pintle Controlled Constant Volume Combustion Bipropellant Pulsed Rocket Motor | |
| Abstract: Idealized analysis has shown that, for the same propellant supply pressure, higher performance can be obtained in a constant-volume combustion device than the traditional constant pressure rocket. CFDRC proposes an effort consisting of multiple levels of analysis, followed by design and testing of a rocket engine prototype that will substantiate this claim. Recent relevant experience in advanced motor controls, as well as design and testing of solid propellant motors (http://www.cfdrc.com/research/ed-pintle.html), combined with in-house analysis capabilities, make CFDRC highly qualified to pursue this research. Phase I will consist of an initial propellant screening process, followed by more detailed evaluation and component design. Propellants will include O2, N2O, NO and NO2 as oxidizers and CH4 and C3H8 as fuels. CFDRC will partner with the Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville, leveraging their experience in the testing of N2O/C3H8 rocket systems. CFDRC will then design a rocket chamber utilizing CV principles, which will then be tested at UAH. In Phase II, the R&D will focus on refining the design to fabricate and test a flight-configured upper stage motor. Participation of TRW and Atlantic Research Corporation in this effort will facilitate rapid transfer of this technology and subsequent commercialization. The design tools and test hardware will have immediate impact in Air Force and NASA sponsored in-space propulsion initiatives as well as CFDRC clients Atlantic Research, Aerojet, TRW, etc. Other applications include industrial pneumatic actuation control systems and high pressure bipropellant throttling within the marine and tactical missile industries. | |
| CLEAR SCIENCE CORP.
PO Box 233, 663 Owego Hill Road Harford, NY 13784-0233 (607) 844-9171 PI: Dr. Henry A. Carlson (607) 844-9171 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, CA 90024-1406 (310) 794-0135 ID#: F033-0051 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: Computational Methods for Feedback Flow Controllers in Aerodynamic Applications | |
| Abstract: Clear Science Corp. and the University of California at Los Angeles propose to develop a versatile and comprehensive computational toolbox for designing feedback flow controllers in aerodynamic applications. Target objectives include separation control to manage lift and form drag, control of transition to turbulence, turbulence control to reduce skin friction drag, increase mixing, or reduce heat transfer, and control of acoustical output (noise suppression). The toolbox will be modular with interchangeable reduced-order modeling algorithms, system state estimators, and controller designs. We will leverage our team''''s work in low-dimensional modeling, balanced order reduction, stochastic estimators, standard controllers for linear systems, and advanced modeling for nonlinear systems. Phase I objectives include demonstrating a prototype of the computational toolbox. The proof-of-concept prototype will target several feedback flow control applications involving different computational domains, flow conditions, and control input-output. Reduced-order models, estimators, and controllers will be designed for each application. A second objective is formulation of a Phase II development and test plan. The Phase II plan will include development of libraries of reduced-order models, estimators, and controllers for feedback flow control. Tests will consist of CFD, controller-in-the-loop simulations to demonstrate modeling and estimation accuracy, controller robustness, and interfacing between the computational toolbox and third-party software. The commercial product to be developed is a validated computational toolbox for designing feedback flow controllers in aerospace and industrial applications. The corresponding market includes designers of aerospace, automotive, and industrial systems for which flow control is critical. Potential applications of the software include control system designs for low-drag wings on commercial aircraft, low-drag bodies in high-performance automobiles, high-lift blades in rotorcraft, low-distortion jet engine inlets, and high-mixing combustors. Interfaces between the feedback flow control toolbox, commercial CFD codes, and software like Matlab will provide the conduit for commercialization, enabling engineers to incorporate flow control into the overall design process, perform control-in-the-loop simulations, and utilize standard controller designs. | |
| COBALT SOLUTIONS, LLC
4636 New Carlisle Pike Springfield, OH 45504-3336 (937) 620-5938 PI: Dr. Stefan Siegel (719) 333-9080 Contract #: |
USAF ACADEMY, DEPT OF AERONAUTICS
HQ USAFA/DFAN, 2354 Fairchild Hall,Suite 6H27 USAF Academy, CO 80840 (719) 333-9080 ID#: F033-0159 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: Computational Methods for Feedback Controllers for Aerodynamics Flow Applications | |
| Abstract: A software toolbox for closed loop flow control investigations will be developed. Our proposed toolbox integrates a well tested Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver (Cobalt) with feedback and controls specific software tools implemented in Matlab. All data exchange and output will use efficient open standard data formats to interface the results to most any commercial visualization package. This integrated software package will allow the development of feedback control algorithms from system identification through low dimensional modeling, controller design, and sensor placement all the way to controller testing on the truth model, the CFD simulation. Since all of these steps are implemented as simulation tools, a controller can be developed without the need for experimental testing during the design phase. The toolbox itself will be marketed as a product to the research and development community. It will allow researchers from the controls community to work on fluid dynamics problems, which will promote this interdisciplinary field of feedback flow control. Secondly, the existence of the toolbox as a research tool will save funding agencies money by avoiding duplicate development of software tools for different contracts. It will also improve the quality of research by providing a well tested set of tools. | |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 (937) 320-1877 PI: Dr. Tat Hung Tong (937) 320-1877 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0050 |
LIQUID CRYSTAL INSTITUTE
Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190 Kent, OH 44242 (330) 672-3827 ID#: F033-0286 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-004 Awarded: 9/1/2003 |
| Title: Conductive Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Composite For Aircraft Gap Treatment | |
| Abstract: Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. and Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University jointly propose to develop and demonstrate material technologies enabling conductive liquid crystalline elastomer composite for aircraft gap treatment. This program will design and experimentally characterize multiple candidate formulations to develop conductive elastomer materials tailored for this application. It will establish correlation between material synthesis and processing conditions with performance and demonstrate feasibility of employing conductive liquid crystalline elastomer as aircraft gap treatment material. The proposed conductive elastomer composite provide the means to enhance performance and improve increase service life by increasing the elasticity and reducing tendency of compression set. It will also reduce operational cost by reducing weight of the conductive filler. The proposed program will also develop processing technologies to use conducting liquid crystalline elastomer composite for field repair of gap treatment material. This suite of new technologies will address the drawbacks of conventional metal filled elastomer gap treatment materials. Operational Benefits: 1. Enhance electrical conductivity of by tailoring conducting polymer network microstructure within elastomer through liquid crystal template synthesis. 2. Reduce weight of resulting conducting elastomer and reduce operating cost 3. Enhance durability and performance by improving elasticity and reducing compression set. 4. Easily processable into final product by molding. Commercial Applications: 1. EMI shielding for wiring and electronic instruments 2. Electrostatic Dissipation in packaging and flooring materials | |
| CRAWDAD TECHNOLOGIES, L.L.C.
5412 W. Harrison Ct. Chandler, AZ 85226 (480) 705-7175 PI: Mr. Dan R. Ballard (480) 615-0159 Contract #: |
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
OTCL, P. O. Box 873511 Tempe, AZ 85287-3511 (480) 965-8059 ID#: F033-0063 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: Centering Resonance Analysis: A superior data mining algorithm for textual data streams | |
| Abstract: Crawdad Technologies, L.L.C. is an R&D firm located in Chandler, Arizona that specializes in quantitative communication analysis. Their first product Crawdad 1.0 is based on Centering Resonance Analysis (CRA; patents pending), a radical new way to model and analyze text. CRA models texts as networks, and uses sophisticated methods to perform a variety of analyses. CRA is the only text analysis approach that creates a rich, high-precision model of text, while eliminating the need for complicated semantic rules, training sets, or corpora. Further research is needed to develop Crawdad capabilities to deal with large amounts of rapidly streaming textual data, and further commercialization efforts are required to migrate to an enterprise level solution. The purpose of Phase I is to investigate CRA's ability to perform data mining of streaming news articles, under storage constraints. The final product of Phase I will be a feasibility report that will contain (a) an architectural design for Crawdad 2.0, that will operate in a environment of streaming texts (e.g. news articles, emails), (b) the storage and computational requirements associated with CRA, and (c) measures of the ability of CRA to determine text relevancy against a query criterion. The proposed research will significantly advance our knowledge of how the discourse-based approach can facilitate effective data mining and filtering in a real-time, storage-constrained environment. Phase II activities will draw from the results of Phase I research to develop Crawdad 2.0. Phase I focus on news articles will not detract from expanding the focus of Phase II, as Crawdad works equally well on different types of unstructured textual data. Phase II research will focus on issues involved with multiple languages and document types, trend analysis, statistical process control, and extension into areas such as article summarization and topic detection and tracking. In parallel with Phase II, our commercialization efforts will focus on system integration issues and scalability. Commercialization plans include collaborating with a large systems integration firm in co-marketing and beta testing via an existing agreement already in place. | |
| CYRANO SCIENCES, INC
73 N. Vinedo Avenue Pasadena, CA 91107 (626) 744-1700 PI: Mr. Timothy Burch (626) 744-1700 Contract #: |
TUFTS UNIVERSITY
Science and Technology Center, Dept of Biomedical Engineerin Medford, MA 02155 (617) 627-3251 ID#: F033-0192 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: Biomimetic Infrared Sensor Array for Real-Time Monitoring | |
| Abstract: The objective of this proposal is to develop a low cost infrared imaging array for the 3-5 micron window. Current infrared imaging sensors are optimized for the 10 micron regime which corresponds to the wavelength emitted by a warm body (e.g. human). The proposed lower wavelength regime would target hotter sources such as vehicle exhaust or other machinery indicative of human activity without requiring a human being to be present. The proposed thermal biosensor array combines technology developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory using alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins, polymer formulations and dispensing by Tufts University, with polymer composite sensors and arrays developed by Cyrano Sciences to produce high density arrays of biologically-inspired infrared sensors tuned to the 3-5 micron range. The proposed work will provide an accurate and precise thermal sensor array for imaging a key portion of the infrared spectrum. This sensing platform will enable sensor deployment in a miniature format for military use in UAVs and personal monitor equipment, industrial/commercial security applications, and as a new sensor tool for civilian law enforcement and search and rescue operations. | |
| DOMINCA
12111 Ranchitos Road, NE Albuquerque, NM 87122-2320 (505) 822-0005 PI: Dr. Nancy A. Winfree (505) 822-0005 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
McNamara Alumni Center, 200 Oak St., SE, Suite 450 Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612) 624-5599 ID#: F033-0036 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: Shear Stress Sensor Using Shape Memory Films | |
| Abstract: There is a need for a low profile, simple, accurate, localized, responsive sensor to measure shear stress in fluid flow. The unusual properties of the shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa suggest it could make a very sensitive sensor. In recent years, single-crystal films of this alloy have been grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Once released from their substrate, the films have exhibited shape memory behavior. We pursue a concept for the sensor that based on the expectation that, when sheared, the martensite in an unconstrained thin-film of single-crystal Ni2MnGa will respond in a way that induces a measurable change to its electrical resistivity. We propose to design, fabricate, and test this sensor. The proposed shear stress sensor fabricated from shape memory film has the potential of overcoming existing problems plaguing skin friction measurements in turbulence. These devices would be simple to use and easily positioned at hundreds of locations on a surface. Apart from applications for Large Eddy Simulation and accurate measurements of skin friction, such a sensor would open the way to measure full field velocity-field/wall shear stress correlations which could be implemented in active control schemes for turbulence. Theoretical models suggest that up to 50% skin friction reductions are possible if these schemes could be implemented successfully. The aircraft industry in the U.S. alone would save, in fuel costs, an estimated $250 million annually for every 2% reduction in turbulent skin friction. | |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062-2612 (781) 769-9450 PI: Dr. Jane Bertone (781) 769-9450 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0060 |
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
Office of Sponsored Programs, 300 Brackett Hall Pendleton, SC 29670-5702 (864) 656-5702 ID#: F033-0244 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-002 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Nanostructured Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering | |
| Abstract: The proposed program aims to demonstrate nanoengineered metal surfaces which will reproducibly enhance the Raman scattering of chemical and biological agents while still providing selective detection at trace concentrations. With proven success in fielding SERS systems and published results in nanomaterials engineering, EIC Laboratories, Inc. and Clemson University are uniquely poised to collaboratively pursue this goal. Two main categories of nanoscale architecture will serve as the basis for the proposed substrates: colloidal crystal templated superstructures and self-organized arrays of engineered Ag nanocrystals, the latter under development by Clemson University. The nine month Phase I technical program goal is to evaluate the ability of these two types of nanostructured surfaces to act as reproducible SERS substrates for the detection of chemical and biological species relevant to CBW protection at low levels with a high degree of selectivity. The Phase II program will build upon the Phase I results, improving the chemical selectivity of the nanoparticles and lowering the detection limits of the substrates through surface modification. In addition, during phase II we will pursue the development of a fieldable SERS spectrometer by incorporating substrates into the modular probe of a commercial portable Raman system. SERS promises to be a universal detector for trace constituents in air and water. It will have wide applications for monitoring water supplies, sensing air pollutants, monitoring facilities for possible chemical and biological terrorism, and incorporation into air reconnaissance platforms. Further applications are anticipated for screening for disease markers and toxins in clinical samples. | |
| ELECTRODYNAMIC APPLICATIONS, INC.
P.O. Box 131460 Ann Arbor, MI 48113-1460 (734) 930-6692 PI: Dr. Jon Van Noord (734) 930-6692 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Div of Research Devel & Admin, Room 1058; 3003 So. State St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1274 (734) 763-6438 ID#: F033-0354 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: The Use of Boron Nitride for Improved Cold-Cathode Electron Field Emission Technology | |
| Abstract: Low-power Hall thrusters offer potentially important advantages for certain military applications but issues of lifetime and efficiency degradation at lower powers are issues hindering its utilization. A factor impacting efficiency is that the state-of-the-art techniques for electron generation used for neutralization (such as hollow cathodes operating on the same propellant as the thruster) do not scale down in mass, power, and propellant consumption as readily as the miniaturized thrusters themselves. This proposal outlines a possible solution utilizing Boron Nitride (BN), a chemically inert, tough, low work-function material, for improved cold-cathode electron field emission technology. The desirable characteristics of leading electron emission materials such as molybdenum tips and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are well known. However, the chemical reactivity of these materials, especially carbon, in oxidizing environ-ments presents significant limitations with respect to their application in Hall thrusters and other propulsion technologies (both operational and handling factors). The propellantless nature of this approach eliminates the neutralizer as a degrading factor for efficiency and its superior material properties offer the possibility of long lifetime operation. Producing a cold-cathode emitter using boron nitride would have application across the field of electric propulsion including thrusters and tethers. It could provide a long-life emitter that would not require a propellant and could replace hollow cathodes and enable lower-power thrusters. Further developing boron nitride has applications beyond propulsion. Both phases of BN are chemically inert, highly insulating (if not doped), very good thermal conductors, and chemically stable up to high temperatures. In addition, c-BN is very hard, and can be made semiconducting by doping with n- or p-type dopants. | |
| EM PHOTONICS, INCORPORATED
102 East Main Street, Suite 204 Newark, DE 19711 (302) 456-9003 PI: Mr. Gregory P. Behrmann (302) 456-9003 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
Electrical Engineering Dept., Evans Hall Newark, DE 19716 (302) 831-8170 ID#: F033-0352 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: Photonic Crystal Chip-scale Optical Networks | |
| Abstract: Abstract is unavailable. | |
| EXQUADRUM, INC
14944 Culley Court, Suite 3 Victorville, CA 92392-3947 (760) 843-8183 PI: Mr. Kevin E. Mahaffy (760) 843-8183 Contract #: |
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
140 Research Bldg East University Park, CA 16802 (814) 863-6270 ID#: F033-0216 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-027 Selected for Award |
| Title: Electrostatic Pulse Induced Combustion (EPIC) | |
| Abstract: The proposed research effort will result in the demonstration of a fundamental new and innovative approach to pulsed propulsion. This project will build the scientific base necessary to pull together a number of innovative concepts into a very high-performance propulsion for space missions. The final system will feature very a high mass fraction and the ability to safely use known but highly energetic chemistry. The proposed technology also features a consumable vehicle structure for the space vehicle to further increase system mass fractions. The proposed project will result in significant increases in specific impulse and in mass fraction for space propulsion systems. The technology promises to have spin-off applications in thrust vector and attitude control systems. | |
| EXTREME DIAGNOSTICS, INC.
6960 Firerock Court Boulder, CO 80301-3814 (303) 514-1056 PI: Dr. Robert B. Owen (303) 530-1579 Contract #: |
VIRGINIA TECH
310 Durham Hall, Mail Code 0261 Blacksburg, VA 24061-0001 (540) 231-4709 ID#: F033-0037 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: MEMS-Augmented Structural Sensor (MASSpatch) for wireless health monitoring | |
| Abstract: This STTR project develops self-powered PZT sensor/actuators, MEMS temperature sensors and data transmitters, chip-sized mechanical impedance analyzers, and data processing procedures and integrates them into a self-contained structural health-monitoring package for wireless inspection of aerospace-weapons systems. The opportunity: Legacy system maintenance, the development of relatively disposable aircraft, and other pre- and post-9/11 factors are accelerating demands for structural health monitoring (SHM) to improve the reliability of aerospace-weapons systems. Improved diagnostics are needed for new construction, smart materials, aging infrastructures, and catastrophes. Current SHM sensors require power and data wiring; they do not interface readily with existing systems. Objectives: The objective is to develop, demonstrate and validate self-contained "slap-on" MASSpatch sensors that support and improve structural reliability for a wide range of existing aerospace-weapon systems. Research description and tasks: 1) develop adaptable, reliable and robust sensors; 2) develop an inexpensive chip-sized impedance analyzer; 3) develop data integration procedures that fuse information from hundreds of sensors into a few key parameters; 4) incorporate piezoelectric-based power harvesting; and 5) wirelessly integrate these hardware and software elements into a complete, self-contained SHM system. Impedance-based SHM correlates reliably with damage; demonstrating these elements on a representative Air Force structural system illustrates MASSpatch effectiveness and shows feasibility. Anticipated Air Force benefits The future of the Air Force focuses along two lines: o Maintaining legacy (aging) systems longer; and o Developing new, relatively disposable systems (unmanned air vehicles, single use systems). In both cases, the keys to successful operation are knowledge of overall current system health and the ability to predict future system health under projected operational conditions. MASSpatch provides the SHM data needed to extract and develop knowledge of both current and future system health. Potential commercial applications Commercial applications are starkly clear. Structural health monitoring is an emerging industry driven by an aging infrastructure, malicious humans, and the introduction of advanced materials. Applications include smart structures and SHM of aircraft, dams, bridges, and oil and gas facilities. Early commercialization focuses on state and Federal agencies that include the Department of Transportation, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Defense. Non-government customers include oil and gas companies, owner/operators of fire-fighting slurry bombers, dam and bridge owners, and other crucial-structure custodians. | |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451-1196 (781) 684-4242 PI: Dr. Margaret Roylance` (781) 622-5532 Contract #: |
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
Laboratory for Nanotechnology, 657 South Mechanic St. Pendleton, SC 29670 (864) 646-9501 ID#: F033-0259 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Nanoscale Intralaminar Reinforcement for Biometric Toughening of Bismalemide Composites | |
| Abstract: In this program, the Foster-Miller/Clemson University team will use single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) or carbon nanofibers as a reinforcing element promoting interlaminar shear strength and toughness in a biomimetic carbon fiber/ bismaleimide resin composite based on an insect cuticle model. The material will consist of laminae of continuous carbon fibers in a bismaleimide in place of the chitin fibers in a proteinaceous matrix found in the insect model, and high-performance carbon fillers such as SWNTs or nanofibers bridging the lamina in place of the interlaminar fibrils which provide interlaminar reinforcement in the biological composite. Foster-Miller will employ ultrasonic tape lamination to consolidate the BMI laminates, and cure according to the standard curing cycle. Cured laminates will be evaluated by measurement of the apparent short beam shear strength, and by notched and unnotched tensile testing. SWNTs used in the program will be supplied by Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc., and surface modification will be performed by both Carbon Nanotechnologies and Clemson University. (P-030427) Anticipated Benefits Development of a technique for suppression of delamination failures in laminated composites will have significant benefits for a wide range of aerospace applications. This new family of biomimetically toughened composite materials would have many structural high performance applications, including both military and commercial. | |
| GLOBAL CONTOUR INC.
1145 Ridge Road West Rockwall, TX 75087-3111 (972) 771-4225 PI: Dr. Jaycee Chung (972) 771-4225 Contract #: |
SUNY AT BUFFALO
Suite 211, The UB Commons,, 520 Lee Entrance Amherest, NY 14228-2567 (716) 645-2977 ID#: F033-0006 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: Self-Diagnosis of Damage Criticality of Fibrous Composites Based on Multifunctional Characteristics | |
| Abstract: This STTR project is an in-situ/real-time aerospace composite structural self diagnosis (SSD) and structural health monioring (SHM) system/technique development with application of multifunctional characteristics of aerospace composite weapon system structures made of graphite-epoxy composite materials and carbon-carbon composite materials. Composite SSD and SHM are accomplished by measuring electrical resistance changes in the carbon-fiber composites that are as desgined and manufactured. Delamination and fiber breakage along with disbond are major forms of composite structural damage. Delamination causes composite laminate separation in a micropic scale, and fiber breakage causes discontinuity of carbon fibers. The delamination and fiber breakage increase electrical resistance in thickness and longitudinal primary loading directions of a composite lamainate, respectively. The electrical resistivity (normalized electrical resistance)change provides pertinent information on composite structural damage detection. The proof of concept (POC) demonstration of an electrical resistivity-based damage criticality assessment technology (for phase I) and its full-scale development (FSD) tasks (for phase II) are proposed for aerospace composite weapon systems SSD and SHM under this STTR project. The proposed technology does not require specially made third-party sensors, e.g., PZT, fiber-optic, MEMS, etc. Consequently, it aviods the parasitic effects caused by the sensors (i.e., fatigue properties degradation due to foreign object materials embeddment), and eliminates the added costs for the sensors. The proposed eletrical resistivity-based SSD and SHM system/technique can also be applicable to already fielded (currently in-service) composite weapon system structures as well as new weapon system structures to be designed and manufactured. Hence, it is cost-effective and performance-efficient. When this technology is fully developed, it can not only be applied to military weapon systems but also to commercial aerospace vehicles and civil infrasturctures. | |
| GLOBAL CONTOUR INC.
1145 Ridge Road West Rockwall, TX 75087-3111 (972) 771-4225 PI: Dr. Jaycee Howard Chung (972) 771-4225 Contract #: |
VPI & STATE UNIV. (VIRGINA TECH)
460 Turner Street, Suite 306, M/S 0170 Blacksburg, VA 24060 (540) 231-5283 ID#: F033-0010 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Wireless Technology for Structural-Health Monitoring | |
| Abstract: This STTR project is to develop technology for self-powered, self-contained structural health monitoring sensor patch to estimate structural damage and transmit results, namely, "Wireless Active Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS)". Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important element in improving the reliability of aerospace weapon systems. SHM has the potential to extend the life and reduce the maintenance cost of the Air Force weapon systems. Under this STTR project, a system/technique comprised of an impedance-based and self-powered active sensor, signal telemetry device, signal process/analysis, and damage information display device/technique shall be developed. The phase I effort will be focused on developing a prototype system that incorporates the above functions into a single chip of relatively small size. The prototype will be demonstrated on a sample aircraft panel to illustrate its effectiveness. The phase II will consist of the full-scale development (FSD) of WASHMS technology for practical applications to weapon systems, and will include sub-element and component testing and demonstration. The technology developed under the phase I of this STTR project will be used for the full-scale development of the WASHMS technology for aerospace weapon systems. When the technology is fully devloped under the phase II, the system/technique will be applicable to not only aerospace weapon systems structures, but also commercial aircraft and rotorcraft, space launch vehicles, civil infrastuctures, etc. | |
| HEXAGON INTERACTIVE, INC.
6750 Wedgewood Place Los Angeles, CA 90068-3219 (323) 512-5579 PI: Mr. Joseph Miranda (818) 709-3812 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0056 |
JPL / CALTECH
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena Los Angeles, CA 91109-8099 (818) 393-5374 ID#: F033-0008 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-022 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Adaptive Artificial Intelligence for Next-Generation Conflict Simulation | |
| Abstract: In an era of WMD belonging to rogue states and terrorist entities, a speedy response to attack can be too late. Fighting in new and innovative ways requires thinking in new and innovative ways. New wargaming training tools are required to assist friendly forces to be proactive and enabling potential attacks to be prevented. These tools must be able to swiftly create and assess potential threat and counter-measure scenarios. For several years, Hexagon Interactive has been developing innovative AI technology for AFOSR to automate the creation and assessment of friendly and adversarial potential Courses of Actions (COAs). The AI simulates the decision-making processes of human organizations/populations under conditions of stress and hence provides probabilistic predictions of their behavior in response to "inputs." This Phase I proposes to conduct additional research and implement it in a computer simulation called CYBERWAR XXI ready for verification and validation testing as part of a future effort. The test scenario that Hexagon has been working on since 1998 is "Near Future Iraq War." CYBERWAR XXI expands the definition of weapons system to include not only conventional but also unconventional and unorthodox "weapons systems" required in asymmetric and "operations other than war" (OOTW). Taking into account PMESII (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure and Information), CYBERWAR XXI enables multiple players to roleplay at the strategic level, the National Command Authorities of various western alliance and middle-east nations as well as terrorist organizations. Increased use of conflict simulations in peacetime training for orders development would help officers execute the staff wargame in a more objective fashion, giving their commander a better product. Networking technology can enable commanders and staff officers to quickly link their computers for a networked conflict simulation for training and COA development. Since the product is easy to use and will run on easily accessible commercial hardware, it can be used as a training tool providing an inexpensive and easily utilized means of teaching and understanding modern strategic-operational level warfare. Such a tool will be invaluable for training personnel in the novel decision-making processes required by asymmetrical and other unconventional modes of warfare. The fully-developed Artificial Intelligence technology will also be a valuable product which will be useful to other DoD programs such as counter-terrorism. Simulations are also a critical part of modern weapons systems developments. They have many advantages, including the exploration of alternate strategies and tactics in which these "weapons systems" can be used, and the prediction of countermeasures, which may in turn be neutralized. Simulations have advantages in saving time, space, manpower and costs in the training of personnel. They can also be used by policy makers and strategists to determine alternative strategies and tactics. The AI's ability to model organizational decision-making and cascading effects will be useful in a variety of civilian and business training applications. Disaster relief planners can use the tool to simulate the effects of disasters (natural and man-made) on civilian infrastructure in order to help train decision-makers and responders to maximize the efficiency of their relief operations. Markets for the technology include the US and its allies, including friendly professional military education programs, both in residence and distance learning, as well as US and international college defense studies programs. The potential commercial market is enormous. Using the predictive AI technology in commercial products designed to help corporations analyze their management decision-making processes will make them more efficient and to help them get inside the decision-making loop of competitors. Businesses will be able to simulate areas of management through the advanced AI autonomous agents in order to predict how best to organize and manage their resources. The engine will also be available for license to create entertainment and business strategy games that are currently unavailable in the commercial market. Last year, this represented a 6.9 billion dollar market. | |
| HPS SIMULATIONS
PO Box 3245 Santa Clara, CA 95055-3245 (408) 554-8381 PI: Mr. Scott Hamilton (408) 241-6886 Contract #: |
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Stanford Univeristy, Green Library Stanford, CA 94305-6004 (650) 725-1068 ID#: F033-0088 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: Adaptive Artificial Intelligence for Next-Generation Conflict Simulation | |
| Abstract: Computer wargames and combat simulation software has reached a very high level of comprehensiveness and sophistication in terms of modeling fidelity and the production of accurate results. However, the development of AI (artificial intelligence) for these software packages has lagged due to the inherent difficulties in interpreting and managing increasingly complex situations. At the same time, however, the increased complexity of the game system makes a reasonably competent and challenging AI more important than ever, principally becasue it makes operating the game much more difficult for human players. Thus, in order for the program to be accessible, let alone fun and enjoyable, requires that the AI be capable of "assisting" the player in a wide range of situations. Competent AI also serves the function of being able to provide users of the software with an effective training and learning tool. By being able to act like a live human opponent, players can see the results or their actions and strategies in a much more realistic "real-world" environment, without requiring the time, potential inconvenience or personnel investment required in a multi-human player situation. The primary benefits of the proposed AI improvements will be that existing and future combat simulations and computer wargames will be more accurate in terms of friendly and enemy force actions, will offer more challenges to players, and will also be more enjoyable to play. All of which will increase the overall use of the software in whatever professional capacity it is used, be it as a training tool, an evaluation platform for weapons system or tactics development, or even as a information device to showcase the effectiveness of new technologies. The commercial benefits from developing an impoved AI along the lines of this proposal are that computer games will become more enjoyable to play, increasing sales, as well as offering developers the opportunity to easily and quickly adjust computer AI models for specific situations without having to rewrite significant portions of the AI modeling code. For example, by devising and adjusting a set of standard AI "customization values", the differences in the decisions between German, US or Soviet commanders in World War II can be reflected, resulting in a better game with much less game development time than is currently required. | |
| HYPER TECH RESEARCH INC.
110 E. Canal St. Troy, OH 45373 (937) 332-0348 PI: Mr. Michael Tomsic (937) 332-0348 Contract #: |
OHIO STATE UNIV. RESEARCH FOUNDATIO
1960 Kenny Rd. Columbus, OH 43210 (614) 292-4903 ID#: F033-0130 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: LOW AC LOSS YBCO CONDUCTORS FOR TRANSFORMER APPLICATIONS | |
| Abstract: The Air Force has recognized that the use of high temperature superconductors offers a great opportunity to reduce the weight and size of airborne power systems. There are several emerging airborne systems that will require large amounts of electrical power while placing severe limitations on the size and weight of the equipment needed to generate and deliver this electrical power. This proposed effort aims to both determine and minimize AC losses experienced by high temperature superconductors in airborne transformer applications. In particular we will address the case where the conductor is exposed to fields where it is possible to constrain a high fraction of the field to lie along the direction parallel to the wide direction of the tape. An example of this kind of application is the air-core transformer. The development of lower AC loss high temperature superconductors will benefit commercial power utility applications such as transformers, transmission cables, generators and motors | |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623-2438 (585) 424-1990 PI: Dr. Michael J. Roemer (585) 424-1990 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON
300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-0102 (937) 229-2919 ID#: F033-0126 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: Self-Diagnosis of Damage Criticality of Fibrous Composites Based on Multifunctional Characteristics | |
| Abstract: Impact Technologies has teamed with the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) and Professor William Curtin from Brown University to develop an autonomous damage detection, classification, and prognostic system for carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures. The proposed approach fuses data and information from a set of optimally placed electrodes and associated electro-mechanical models that recognize the quantitative relationships between specific CFRP damage types, sizes and location produced by the electrical resistivity signatures. The proposed workscope will be achieved through a series of well-designed tests that introduce known damage (in terms of type, size and location) in the CFRP laminates that will then be correlated with the measured electrode signatures. The electrode grid pattern will be optimally designed for best observation and reliability to provide isolation for the various damage types and severities. A full investigation on the role that the electrode lead and sensing array geometries have on the measured electrical response to known internal damage will also be performed. Based on the implementation of the chosen design grid, electrode measurements will be processed with a combination of damage detection and isolation techniques, including neural networks and stochastic classifiers, to detect and isolate all damage types. Additionally, a coupled micro-electromechanical model will guide the geometrical arrangement and spatial separation used to attain the appropriate damage mapping. At the end of Phase I, our team will demonstrate a verified, electro-mechanical model and autonomous damage detection/isolation software that directly relates changes in electrical resistance to the mechanical and damage state of a CFRP laminate as a function of the laminate structure, orientation, loading, interfacial bonding between laminates, and internal anisotropic resistance. Data generated from the experimental program will be used as inputs to the theoretical models for analysis and validation. With the successful developments and implementation of this proposed technology, it is strongly anticipated that the prototype CFPR fault detection and classification system will be developed for specific USAF aerostructures. In addition, based on the adaptable nature of the CFPR fault detection/classification architecture, the developed modules can be adapted for use on other composite structures used in variety of commercial or DoD applications. Examples of key industrial customers that could benefit through use of the developed CFPR technologies include; commercial airlines, OEM airframers such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, as well as various robotic and unmanned vehicle applications just to name a few. | |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT, INC.
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 (703) 841-3500 PI: Dr. Ed Wright (703) 841-3500 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
Office of Grants & Contracts, 408 Goodell Building Amherst, MA 01003-9272 (413) 545-0675 ID#: F033-0238 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: Adaptive Artificial Intelligence for Next-Generation Conflict Simulation | |
| Abstract: Existing turn-based strategy war games have the potential to act as useful military training tools. However, their utility is greatly limited by the shortfalls of the artificial intelligence (AI) routines used to provide computer opponents. The key limitation in state-of the-art AI used in commercial wargames is the inability of the computer to perform situation assessment - to recognize the human player's tactics and strategy. Information Extraction and Transport, Inc. (IET) will develop a sophisticated architecture for automated situation assessment as part of a powerful and adaptive AI engine for commercial wargames. This capability will be implemented as a system of intelligent agents that collaborate using a Bayesian Blackboard. A number of decision theoretic models will be enabled that provide computer opponents the capability to effectively simulate a wide range of behaviors that translate into greatly varying tactics, actions, and strategies. Genetic algorithms and Bayesian learning methods will be explored for purposes of creating a strategist that is capable of adapting to changes in opponent strategy and responding agilely when the human locates weaknesses in the computer-generated strategies. This research will result in a capability to provide an adaptive AI engine for commercial wargames. There is an immediate application to commercial wargame designers and consumers of commercial wargames. This includes military training institutions that use commercial wargames to supplement formal strategic and operational planning. There is additional potential for sales to DoD contractors developing military simulations for US or allied military training. Finally, the AI engine developed by this research will provide a testbed for advanced tactical fusion research | |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440-3638 (937) 429-4980 PI: Dr. Sivaram P. Gogineni (937) 255-2432 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0055 |
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME
111 Eck Center Notre Dame, IN 46556 (574) 631-3261 ID#: F033-0195 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-013 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: High-Bandwidth High-Resolution Sensor for Hypersonic Flows | |
| Abstract: We propose to develop a miniature a.c. driven, weakly-ionized plasma anemometer for measurements at hypersonic Mach numbers. The design will be based on earlier work by Vrebalovich (1954) who developed an a.c. glow-discharge anemometer and demonstrated its sensitivity to mean and dynamic mass-flux variations for Mach numbers between 1.3 and 4. The advantages of the plasma anemometer are that it requires no frequency compensation up to its a.c. carrier frequency, has an amplitude modulated output that has excellent common-mode rejection with a signal-to-noise that is much better than a hot-wire, is robust with no sensor elements to break, can have a small spatial volume, and is insensitive to temperature variations making calibration easier than thermal-based sensors. The Phase I effort will consist of designing and fabricating the plasma probe and electronics, bench testing to determine its durability over time, calibration of the sensor output with respect to mean and rms mass flux variations, and determining its frequency response limits. This work will utilize facilities in the Notre Dame Center for Flow Physics and Control, including a heated compressible Mach number jet, and a tri-sonic wind tunnel. If time permits during Phase I, or otherwise in a Phase II effort, we would also plan to use the AFRL Hypersonic Facility for further assessment and calibration. This work will be a natural outgrowth of our extensive experience in developing plasma actuators for flow control applications, which rely on the same physics as the plasma anemometer, and in the calibration and use of sensors in high Mach number flows. Research performed during Phase 1 and Phase II study will result in the development of flow control devices, flow measurement instrumentation especially the high-resolution sensor for hypersonic flows, and a database for the understanding of hypersonic flow phenomena. Weakly ionized plasmas have shown great promise as flow control devices. This research will allow us to quantify their use as a sensor. The implication of this is that the same plasma device can be used to simultaneously operate as an actuator and sensor. No other actuator or sensor has this dual capability. This would allow compact packaging of actuators/sensors for feedback control that would be unprecedented in flow-control applications. The developed hardware and software will also have commercial applications to civilian space launch and high-speed vehicles. The proposed approach in implementing state-of-the art instrumentation for hypersonic flows will significantly advance the understanding of hypersonic aerodynamics. The research and instrumentation developed under the current STTR program will be extended to application in high-enthalpy hypersonic ground-test facilities and possible bio-medical applications. | |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440-3638 (937) 429-4980 PI: Dr. Peter Bletzinger (937) 255-2923 Contract #: |
STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken, NJ 07030 (201) 216-5671 ID#: F033-0118 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Flux Radical and Ultraviolet (UV) Generation by Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasmas. | |
| Abstract: Plasmas have found wide application as sources of reactive radicals and ions for materials processing and treatment of flue gases. Operation at atmospheric pressure obviates the need for a vacuum system. Of the available types of plasma source used to dissociate molecular gases at atmospheric pressure are arc discharges, which operate at neutral gas temperatures of up to 10,000 K; corona and dielectric barrier discharges have cooler neutral gas temperatures and are used with larger gas volumes in conventional operating modes. More recently, discharges with a high percentage of a background gas such as helium were successfully operated at atmospheric pressure and under non-equilibrium conditions, producing radicals at low neutral gas temperature. Stevens Institute of Technology and ISSI propose to investigate discharge configurations and excitation schemes to obtain maximum radical production and UV radiation intensity generation without a large amount of background gas. Possible configurations include dielectric barrier discharges with high rep-rate short pulsed excitation and operating with high peak-power, and under highly nonequilibrium conditions, resulting in low neutral gas temperature. Methods will be developed to accurately assess production efficiency of radicals of interest, UV intensity and spectral distribution and neutral gas temperature. During a subsequent Phase II program various plasma sources and excitation methods will be evaluated and optimized and tested. Successful development of an efficient radical and UV sources operating at atmospheric pressure and low gas temperature will have a multitude of commercial potential. The commercial products foreseen from this SBIR Program are the development of plasma sources for radicals and UV radiation used in material processing, decontamination, and sterilization. Such sources can be used for aerospace and biomedical temperature sensitive materials surface property modification, low temperature decontamination and sterilization, replacing the use of ethylene oxide, formaldehyde and other carcinogenic materials. | |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 (301) 294-5215 PI: Dr. Chiman Kwan (301) 294-5238 Contract #: |
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
411E Earth Engineering Science, Bldg., University Park, PA 16802 (814) 863-8026 ID#: F033-0138 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: A Novel Self-diagnosis Approach to Nondestructive Inspection of Composite Structures | |
| Abstract: High strength and low weight composite materials have been widely used in many critical, high-value military systems. The military environment is very harsh due to large changes in temperature, pressure, and loading conditions. As a result, delamination, fiber breakages, matrix cracks, disbonds, and other failures creep in once the system is in service for some time. Conventional methods are either costly and bulky, or have the potential to weaken the structure. Here we propose a novel system to detect and classify faults in composite structures. The system combines novel sensing ideas called Electric Resistance Change Method (ERCM) and a robust software for fault diagnosis. In the ERCM, we use the intrinsic resistance property of the composite materials. On the surface of composite structures, multiple thin (0.02 mm) and extremely light weight copper foil electrodes are mounted to measure the resistance. This approach has several key advantages: 1) embedded sensing; 2) applicable to new and existing structures; 3) no strength reduction; 4) able to detect delamination, matrix crack, etc. without loading, and 5) low cost and portable. The second element of the system is an automatic fault diagnosis tool, which consists of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). The proposed composite component failure diagnosis system is novel by itself and will have many practical applications in other structural diagnostics applications. The system combines latest development in sensor technology with most recent theories in neural networks to detect and classify composite failures and hence will provide valuable information that could save costs and will also help to make structures safe. The system has low computation burden and hence is suitable for real-time applications. An automatic tool for diagnosis will be very useful for structural integrity applications. We expect the market for this system will be at least 50 million. | |
| INTERDISCIPLINARY CONSULTING CORPORATION
5004 NW 60th Terrace Gainesville, FL 32653 (352) 682-6002 PI: Dr. Mark Sheplak (352) 682-6002 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
231 Aerospace Building, PO Box 116250 Gainesville, FL 32611-6250 (352) 392-4943 ID#: F033-0248 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: A MEMS Floating Element Shear Stress Sensor for Hypersonic Flows | |
| Abstract: The ultimate goal of the proposed project is to develop and implement a robust, high-bandwidth, high-resolution, silicon micromachined piezoresistive floating element shear-stress sensor possessing through-wafer backside electrical contacts for the measurement of unsteady hypersonic flow phenomena. The measurement of wall shear stress is critical to the understanding of shock-wave/boundary layer interactions which directly influence critical vehicle characteristics such as lift, drag, and propulsion efficiency. Unfortunately the time-accurate, continuous, direct measurement of fluctuating wall shear stress is currently not possible and the realization of this capability inhibits hypersonic vehicle. To achieve our objectives, we will utilize innovative fabrication techniques and multidisciplinary optimization to realize an instrumentation-grade wall-shear stress sensor. In Phase I, we will develop a novel, lateral ion-implanted, piezoresistive floating element sensor possessing a bandwidth and a spatial resolution. Once developed, this technology will be demonstrated in a bench-top experimental simulation of an unsteady hypersonic flow. In Phase II, we will employ an integrated-circuit compatible manufacturing process yielding a device possessing electronic through-wafer backside contracts resulting in a robust flush-mounted, direct wall shear stress sensor with the electrical leads and wire bonds hidden from the flow. This sensor will then be demonstrated in a typical "cold-flow" hypersonic facility. The ultimate goal of the proposed project is to develop and implement a robust, high-bandwidth, high-resolution, silicon micromachined piezoresistive floating element shear-stress sensor possessing through-wafer backside electrical contacts for the measurement of unsteady hypersonic flow phenomena. The ability to directly measure the time-resolved magnitude and direction of mean and fluctuating wall shear stress with a spatial resolution on the order of one millimeter or less currently does not exist in any speed regime. If successful, this STTR will result in the commercial availability of instrumentation-grade, miniature sensors that will greatly extend the spatial and temporal resolution capabilities of existing devices as well as the overall accuracy of skin friction measurement technology all speed regimes. Once an optimized sensor design and packaging scheme have been defined, strategies for volume production and packaging of the sensors will be investigated using commercial chip foundries. Transferring the sensor fabrication sequence from a low-volume University research environment to a high-volume commercial platform is essential for the commercialization of a high-quality, reliable device. We expect a varied set of commercial applications for the sensor technologies that we hope to prove feasible in this Phase I effort and further develop in Phase II. The natural consumers for this technology are researchers and engineers in aerospace companies and government agencies involved in all aspects of thermal-fluid applications. In addition, the sensors may also be useful in fundamental fluid mechanics and biofluids research. The sensors may also find utility in the area of industrial processing as feedback control sensors for polymer extruders. | |
| INTERNATIONAL FRONTIER SCIENCE ORGANIZATION
1890 SUTTER STREET, # 204 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94115-3260 (415) 922-5776 PI: Dr. VLADIMIR POPONIN (415) 922-5776 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0058 |
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY DPT OF CHEMISTRY
PO Box 340973, Hunter Laboratories Clemson,, SC 29634-0973 (864) 656-2339 ID#: F033-0203 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-002 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Detection of Molecular and Biomolecular Species by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering | |
| Abstract: IFSO in collaboration with Clemson University, SC proposes to develop an innovative optical sensor based on new types of SERS substrates, providing an extraordinarily high sensitivity and reproducibility in detection of traces of biological molecules. At Phase I two types of Raman enhancing substrates will be fabricated, characterized and optimized. First Raman enhancing substrate will employ original technology of formation of a new type of surfaces comprising array of micro-cavities with inner parts covered by nanoparticles of the Au and/or Ag. The enhancement of Raman signal is due to both high specific areas of micro-cavities and to nano-sized protrusions on the inner surface of each cavity. The second type of Raman enhancing substrate is based on polyvinilpyridine (PVP) films with array of silver nanoparticles imbedded into it. The proposed two technologies are expected to produce Raman signal enhancing plates allowing reliable detection of extremely small concentrations of analyte molecules approaching single molecule level. The suggested fabrication process can be quickly commercialized. At Phase II the prototype of miniature optical sensor employing developed on Phase I SERS substrates and miniature Raman spectrometer will be assembled and tested for detection a wide range of analyte molecules and biomolecules including DNA. In addition to immediate military application the proposed Raman plate is an excellent product for several important commercial markets including chemical and food industry, environmental monitoring, anti-terrorist protection, biotechnology and medical applications. | |
| JOHN TILLER
142 Sarah Hughes Dr Madison, AL 35758-1094 (256) 461-8652 PI: Dr. John Tiller (256) 461-8652 Contract #: |
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA-HUNTSVILLE
301 Sparkman Dr Huntsville, AL 35899 (256) 824-2656 ID#: F033-0013 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: Adaptive Artificial Intelligence for Next-Generation Conflict Simulation | |
| Abstract: This proposal is for the design and development of a challenging, adaptable, and extendible A/I system for use in state-of-the-art computer-based wargames. The development will result in a 3rd generation computer wargame based on modern air power conflict and the ability to apply the technology developed for this project in other wargames ranging from tactical ground-based warfare to naval conflict and others. The approach will use state-of-the-art A/I technologies programmed into A/I components which through well-defined interfaces will allow for a plug-and-play A/I system. This will provide for unlimited future development and enhancement. The results of this proposal can be used in numerous commercial wargames either released by the proposer or under development. It will enhance and improve the commercial potential of these games and result in higher sales and revenue. On the military side, the results of this proposal will provide a highly flexible and extensible AI for military training and planning. Both the military student and the military planner will benefit from the more challenging A/I opponent developed from this proposal. | |
| KAUFMAN & ROBINSON, INC.
1306 Blue Spruce Drive, Unit A Fort Collins, CO 80524-2067 (970) 221-5026 PI: Dr. Viacheslav Zhurin (970) 407-0167 Contract #: |
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
Center for Pulsed and Power El, Department of Electrical and Lubbock, TX 79409-3102 (806) 742-0526 ID#: F033-0310 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: Next Generation Hall effect Thruster Concepts | |
| Abstract: The purpose of this proposal is the research and development of low power (about 100 W) close-drift thruster with improved magnetic field. The patented design of the magnetic field makes possible to dramatically reduce the permissible size of a conventional stationary plasma thruster (SPT) that is limited by magnetic saturation of the inner magnetic path. The thruster with our improved magnetic field has a 20 mm outside diameter for the discharge channel and an overall diameter of 47 mm. The thruster''s mass is less than 150 g with an electromagnetic coil, and it could be reduced to 100 g with a permanent magnet configuration. Thruster efficiency is higher than 0.35 with a specific impulse of 1860-1290 sec. Thruster operates on xenon with discharge voltage of 150-350 V. The technology generated in the research and development should have applications in commercial ion sources used in a variety of thin-film industry. | |
| KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC.
4940 Pearl East Circle, Suite 200 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 545-9092 PI: Dr. Darrell Laham (303) 545-9092 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0046 |
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
306 Collegiate Square, 460 Turner Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 (540) 231-5281 ID#: F033-0047 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-001 Awarded: 9/1/2003 |
| Title: The Software Therapist: Usability Problem Diagnosis through Latent Semantic Analysis | |
| Abstract: Knowledge Analysis Technologies (K-A-T) and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) will partner to fulfill this Research and Development effort. We propose an unprecedented suite of Usability Engineering software tools to be built upon the conceptual foundation of Virginia Tech''s User Action Framework (UAF). We will use K-A-T''s proprietary Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) methods and software tools in Phase I to validate and refine the UAF. We will also use LSA as the underlying analysis engine for the software tools, which will provide support for usability problem extraction, analysis, diagnosis, plus links to related literature and prescriptive solutions. Tool prototypes will be developed in Phase I; commercial grade development of the suite is proposed for Phase II. The major research thrust of Phase I is exploration of LSA techniques for free text analysis, trained on the literature of Usability Engineering and a significant library of usability problem reports, to validate and tune the taxonomic structure and content of the UAF. Because no standardized vocabulary exists for usability engineering, simple keyword methods cannot reliably classify problem reports. In contrast, LSA can provide highly reliable measures of semantic similarity between texts even when there is no keyword overlap. Phase I will deliver an improved and validated UAF as well as specifications and prototypes for the Usability Engineering tools proposed for Phase II. The potential benefits of both deliverables are immense. The HCI field is in dire need of such a toolset for both practitioners and students. Software developers in commercial, government, military and academic settings are spending significant dollars in usability testing. However, the field lacks strong tools to link discovered problems with known solutions. The UAF provides the theoretical and conceptual basis for an engineering support system that will classify a dynamic and growing database of "Lessons Learned" usability problems and solutions. LSA provides an intelligent information discovery and retrieval system that will allow both novice and expert usability engineers to succeed in extracting appropriate solutions and knowledge from the database. The return on investment in this software for both (1) engineer time savings in solving specific problems and (2) institutional development of the knowledge base will be very significant. We anticipate a market for this product from software development organizations (commercial and government) as well as from academic programs for HCI and usability engineering. | |
| KOO & ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
6402 Needham Lane Austin, TX 78739-1510 (512) 301-4170 PI: Dr. Joseph H. Koo (512) 301-4170 Contract #: |
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
Dept. of Mechanical Engr., TAMU 3123 College Station, TX 77843-3123 (512) 589-4170 ID#: F033-0009 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Nanocomposites for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites | |
| Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (CPMC) are high performance materials used in aerospace/aircraft structures, advance marine vessels, and other applications. These materials are based on multifunctional epoxy, BMI, cyanate esters, and polyimides. Improvements in CPMC properties are desirable for more demanding applications. Enhanced improvement of epoxy resins in temperature performance, mechanical properties, damage resistance, environment corrosion resistance, and dimensional control will be obtained by developing a nanophase within the epoxy resin and then combining with carbon fiber to form nanocomposite CPMC. The KAI/Texas A&M University team with Cytec Engineered Materials proposes to examine three nanoparticles: surface modified montmorillonite clay, amino surface modified carbon nanofibers, and surface modified nanosilica. High shear processing will be used to uniformly disperse the nanoparticles into each of the epoxy resin components: epoxy resin, hardener, and toughening agent. Wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy will be used to determine the degree of dispersion of these nanoparticles in the epoxy components and in the final cured epoxy system. Anticipated viscosity increases due to the addition of nanoparticles will be alleviated by using low viscosity reactive diluents functioning as coupling agents (tethering agents), or volatile solvent which is removed during fabric impregnation. 1) Improved heat resistance and high strength of the newly developed nano modified CPMC for extreme performance demands of military aircraft with stealth capabilities. 2) Higher strength, higher heat resistant, damage tolerant epoxy system that has excellent hot wet strength with overall properties approaching BMI resins. 3) Robust processing of the newly developed nano modified CPMC materials using filament winding/fiber placement, RTM, prepreg, and hand lay up/autoclave cure. 4) Favorable economics of the nano modified CPMC as compared to other high heat resistant resins such as BMI, cyanate esters, and polyimides. | |
| LONG ELECTROMAGNETICS, INC.
44 Terraceview Drive Mt. Lebanon, PA 15243 (412) 268-4899 PI: Mr. Lawrence J. Long (412) 268-4899 Contract #: |
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABS
P O Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87554 (505) 663-5562 ID#: F033-0296 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: Alternating Current (AC) Losses Associated with High Temperature Superconductors | |
| Abstract: Because on their high current carrying capacity in large magnetic fields, biaxially oriented superconducting films (coated superconductors) are the only superconducting materials that offer the possibility of operating in power applications at liquid-nitrogen temperatures in AC fields. Their use is predicated on the assumption that ac losses in these materials can be reduced to a very low level. To do so requires the use of innovative conductor geometries. Present superconductor loss theory is inadequate for predicting the loss in coated superconductors with these geometries under realistic conditions found in generators and transformers. New loss theory is required. This Phase I program will develop new ac loss models for coated superconductors. The program will: (a) extend ac loss theory to apply to coated conductors, (b) develop practical conductor geometries which minimize ac losses under conditions which exist in generators and transformers, (c) investigate generator and transformer designs which best take advantage of coated conductors, and (d) prepare a test plan for a Phase II demonstration of loss prediction and conductor performance in a short sample of YBCO and in a USAF generator presently under construction. The advanced ac loss models developed in this Phase I program and the novel new HTS coated superconductor geometries developed to minimize the combined transport current and applied magnetic field losses in these new conductors will allow us to determine if coated conductors can function at high temperatures in emerging AC hardware. The development of these analytical models and conductor geometries will be essential to the successful application of these HTS conductors to the lightweight generators and transformers that are needed for military (and ultimately commercial) applications of superconducting hardware. | |
| LYTEK CORPORATION
4717 E. Hilton Ave Phoenix, AZ 85034-6404 (480) 829-0300 PI: Dr. Martin Adamcyk (480) 829-0300 Contract #: |
MASSACHUSETTS INST. OF TECHNOLOGY
77 Massachusetts Ave, 36-465, Electrical Eng & Computer Sci Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 (617) 253-1573 ID#: F033-0186 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-024 Selected for Award |
| Title: Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers | |
| Abstract: Terahertz frequencies are promising for spectroscopy in chemistry and biology, astrophysics, plasma diagnostics, remote atmospheric sensing and imaging, noninvasive inspection of semiconductor wafers, and free-space communications. We propose to develop high temperature and high power THz quantum cascade lasers operating at various frequencies, with the developed design, growth, processing and packaging technology to be transferred to Lytek for commercialization. The MIT team will be in charge of the design of THz laser structures and will carry out detailed theoretical modeling of the active region and the optical waveguide. The structures will be grown either by Lytek or Sandia National Lab and will be processed and tested at MIT. Lytek will explore the use of newly developed MBE growth technology to improve the device performance. Potential applications include spectroscopy and sensing applications such as detection of trace gas molecules contained in the effluent of high explosives, space-based and short-range terrestrial or near earth communications, atmospheric sensing, collision avoidance for aircraft and ground vehicles, and near object observation. | |
| MAGNOLIA OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES,INC.
52-B Cummings Park, Suite 314 Woburn, MA 01801 (781) 503-1200 PI: Mr. James Egerton (781) 503-1200 Contract #: |
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
Dept. of Material Science Engg, North Carolina State Univ. Raleigh, NC 27695-7907 (919) 515-3272 ID#: F033-0176 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Performance ZnO Spintronic devices (Laser and Resonant Tunneling Diodes) With High Switching Speeds and Frequencies | |
| Abstract: Zinc Oxide has emerged as a key semiconductor that will have a broad range of applications in Opto-electronic and Spintronic devices. ZnO has a large band gap and has potential applications in Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO has the promise of building Spintronic devices such as laser and resonant tunneling diodes with high switching speeds and frequencies. Some of the key technical challenges include growth of ZnO with p doping. There has been recent success with Nitrogen doping. Magnolia Optical technologies and its team proposes to develop a reliable p-type doping process using Nitrogen as the dopant in MOCVD grown epitaxial films. MOCVD is a better choice then because it is possible to create hetero-junctions and quantum nano-structures in a reproducible manner. These structures are necessary for optimizing UV laser diode performance by device design to maximize excitonic recombination. The Magnolia plans to evaluate Nitrogen incorporation and subsequent annealing. The MgZnO material system has several advantages over other competing material technologies, the availability of a latticed matched ZnO substrate, which enables defect density reduction, and carrier control of doped MgZnO films. Magnolia anticipates that Blue Laser Diodes are a growth segment in optoelectronics. MgZnO has the potential of being three time brighter then GaN. In addition, once the development of p-type doping is mature, MgZnO devices have the potential to be lower cost then GaN devices. It is anticipated that this material can be processed in a true dual use fabrication facility. The advantages are obvious, military systems will benefit from the economies of scale of commercial uses. ZnO blue light emitters will be used in millions of outside large display screens. Other applications include color scanner (FAX, Color copiers, large TV displays and of course optical Storage. Some of the future applications include DVD optical storage based on blue light. This will be a large application and market for ZnO blue emitter devices. Current Technology results in a spot size of 800 nm, blue light will cut the spot size to equal of less then 450nm. The will have a major impact on data density storage market. At the current time GaN blue lasers are very expensive for this application. For current volume, the unit product cost is in excess of $2000 per unit. This is due to the low yield that is currently obtainable with GaN materials technology. The use of lattice matched substrates using ZnO, we anticipate much higher yields due to lower defect densities and therefore lower unit product costs. | |
| METIS DESIGN CORPORATION
46 Second St. Cambridge, MA 02141 (617) 661-5616 PI: Dr. Seth S. Kessler (617) 661-5616 Contract #: |
MIT
77 Massachusetts Av, bldg 8-109 Cambridge, MA 02139 (617) 253-3487 ID#: F033-0227 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Intelligent Multi-Sensing Structural Health Monitoring Infrastructure | |
| Abstract: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology leading to the development of systems capable of continuously monitoring structures for damage, with minimal human intervention. There are several components required to design a successful SHM system, including sensors, communication and power systems. Current SHM efforts have focused mainly on sensing methods for damage detection, however the infrastructure needed to employ these methods has not been sufficiently addressed. In response to this STIR solicitation for wireless SHM sensor technology, Metis Design, with the help of MicroStrain, MIT, and the Air Force Research Laboratory at Hill AFB, plan to develop of each appropriate component to meet SHM system requirements, and integrate them into an operational prototype. During previous research at MDC, optimal piezoelectric sensors were developed, and wave-scans were performed to detect damage in several composite geometries. The work plan for this Phase I work leverages these results to define a system architecture, develop wireless chips and thin-film batteries, and integrate each of these components. The AFRL will assist in delineating system requirements and facilitating the final proof testing. As part of a Phase II effort, the capabilities of each component will be enhanced, moving towards a device that could be commercialized. One of the key factors to the marketability of a SHM system is its versatility; the ability not only to be integrated into new applications but to be retrofitted into an existing system with little work. Airlines that chose to use these systems would be able to reduce the number and time of required inspections (SHM systems fall within the provisions of current FAA directives), giving them the opportunity to capture profit due to more up-time. Another important aerospace market would be for expendable launch vehicles (ELV) to facilitate launch/no-launch decisions, due to damage sustained during vehicle assembly or sitting on the pad. Of probably greatest importance, SHM systems will be a key technology for reusable launch vehicles for quick turn around times, to avoid lengthy tear down inspections. | |
| MICROASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3065 Richmond Parkway, Suite 109 Richmond, CA 94806 (510) 758-2790 PI: Dr. Michael Cohn (510) 758-2790 Contract #: |
LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABS
PO Box 808, 7000 East Avenue Livermore, CA 94551 (925) 423-6483 ID#: F033-0128 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: MEMS Refocusing Concentrator for Free Space Optics | |
| Abstract: MicroAssembly Technologies and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories propose a MEMS-based refocusing secondary concentrator for regenerating optical signals distorted by atmospheric disturbances. An efficient secondary concentrator, based on MicroAssembly's high fill-factor micromirrors, would offer an adaptive optics solution for penetrating last-mile barriers. With the development of the proposed secondary concentrator with an adaptive optics beam quality regenerator, link-margins can be improved by many dBs, extending the range of reliable service to reach the great majority of office buildings. This could enable a free-space WDM all-optical link in a scalable `pay-as-you-grow' architecture over unlicensed optical frequencies. Free space communications would also help foster competition to reach the end-customer. | |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Atlanta, GA 30341 (678) 287-2402 PI: Dr. Miodrag Oljaca (678) 287-2426 Contract #: |
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Office of Sponsored Programs, Contract Administration Atlanta, GA 30332-0420 (404) 385-0866 ID#: F033-0177 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: Controllable Atomization for Supercritical Combustion | |
| Abstract: MicroCoating Technologies, Inc. (MCT), in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology and Clemson University, proposes the development of a novel fuel atomization method and advanced numerical simulation tools for supercritical gas turbine combustion systems. The project is designed to accelerate the understanding and commercialization of transcritical and supercritical fuel atomization and fuel-air mixing technology for improved performance of gas turbine engine combustion systems. These goals have been identified by the Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) as pivotal technologies for the U.S. to maintain/extend its global competitive position in aircraft and missile systems. The proposed approach includes modeling and experimental studies of atomization and mixing in gas turbine applications in order to provide basic understanding of spray break-up under supercritical conditions. Successful development of atomization methods and numerical simulation tools will facilitate a clear path to incorporate this technology into future products such as the Joint Strike Fighter. The project is designed to develop novel fuel atomization and fuel-air mixing technology for improved performance of gas turbine engine combustion systems. These goals have been identified by the Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) as pivotal technologies for the U.S. to maintain/extend its global competitive position in aircraft and missile systems. Results from this project will benefit DOD and commercial aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines. | |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201-3135 (224) 522-3222 PI: Dr. Steven Slivken (224) 522-3222 Contract #: |
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
633 Clark Street, Room 2-502 Evanston, IL 60208-1110 (847) 491-1967 ID#: F033-0065 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-024 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Power Quantum Cascade Lasers for Terahertz Applications | |
| Abstract: It is here proposed to investigate quantum cascade laser technology for THz (0.3 - 7.5 THz) applications. Various material systems based on InP and GaAs will be studied theoretically and experimentally with respect to their suitability for laser growth. Material growth, following the design, will be done in-house using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Material characterization will be used to optimize growth conditions for the best material quality and to confirm layer thickness and interface quality. A self-consistent theory will be developed in order to explain and predict the behavior of arbitrary long wavelength intersubband devices. The focus of the theory will be to come up with design rules for a structure capable of high power, high temperature operation. At the end of this work, we will also propose a waveguide and thermal design for high power THz emission. THz imaging has already shown itself to be a powerful tool for homeland security. The ability to nondestructively evaluate package contents without using harmful x-ray radiation is extremely valuable. Further, terahertz sources may be useful in the field for other applications including communications and spectroscopy. This project will provide applied research into the theoretical and material-related design parameters for a THz quantum cascade laser. This source, once developed, will provide a compact source of high intensity, coherent THz radiation which can then be incorporated into a variety of security, communication, and spectroscopy systems. | |
| MTL SYSTEMS, INC.
3481 Dayton-Xenia Rd. Dayton, OH 45432-2796 (937) 426-3111 PI: Mr. R. K. Hill (937) 426-3111 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0059 |
WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of Research & Sponsored, Programs, 201J University Ha Dayton, OH 45435 (937) 775-2425 ID#: F033-0166 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-008 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: Detecting and Extracting Image Similarities, Differences and Target Patterns | |
| Abstract: MTL Systems, Inc. and Dr. Francis Quek of Wright State University propose a unique and commercially-viable solution to the problem of automatically detecting, extracting, and recognizing changes and similarities in target patterns in sequences of images. Our proposed "Optimized (image) DIscriminant Nexus** (ODIN) program will synergistically integrate several methods, including (1) a demonstrated, revolutionary difference detection, and pattern recognition technique called TWIST* (TWo-axis Image Sorting Technique), (2) piecewise (image) rigidity concepts, (3) Hough Transforms, and (4) digital filtering. ODIN captures image complexity information from a sequence of video frames, into a concise feature set, to provide a reliable, accurate, robust method to detect changes or similarities, or to recognize target patterns in multi-modal (EO, IR, SAR, etc.) digital imagery. In Phase I, MTL will perform (1) a prototype development, (2) experimental and analytical feasibility assessments using realistic use-case images, (3) a prototype demonstration, (4) a preliminary system design to carry forward into Phase II, and (5) an initial assessment of commercialization potential. *Patent pending ** NEXUS = A connected group of discriminant techniques The ability to automatically and accurately recognize and track changes, similarities, or object patterns and their locations in a surrounding environment, independent of the particular environment features, is of great importance to government and commercial enterprises alike. A particularly compelling commercial opportunity is a video security application, using ODIN techniques to recognize vehicles or individuals of interest based on their static and dynamic behavior. Commercial developers and marketers of video-based security systems are a ready market for ODIN. The ODIN process is much more cost-effective for commercial and military operations than current products, since it operates faster, and requires less data storage space (for images or models) than other techniques. ODIN can replace slow and user interaction-demanding systems with a low-cost, automated alternative. | |
| NANOSPECTRA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
8285 El Rio Street, Ste 130 Houston, TX 77054-4654 (713) 842-2720 PI: Dr. Naomi Halas (713) 348-5611 Contract #: |
RICE UNIVERSITY
PO Box 1892 Houston, TX 77251-1892 (713) 348-6200 ID#: F033-0014 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: Detection of Molecular and Biomolecular Species by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering | |
| Abstract: This Phase I STTR will develop a SERS detection system using nanoshells, a new class of nanoparticles with significant near field enhancement resulting from the ability to design and manufacture the particle with desired peak plasmon resonance. Preliminary data indicate that nanoshells may reproducibly provide film-based SERS enhancements of up to 10^14. This proposed research will involve (i) the use of modeling techniques for the optimization of nanoshell-based substrates specific to the backscattering collection geometry of the system at 750 nm wavelengths, (ii) the investigation of deposition methods for the manufacturing of nanoshell-based films, and (iii) experimental testing of the resulting nanoshell-based film substrates for Raman sensing. Successful completion of this research will result in the development of a generalizable platform for SERS sensing optimized to near infrared wavelengths in order to reduce background fluorescent "noise" from contaminants in analytes of interest. This reserch will result in a broad-based platform for the extension of SERS research by providing a reliable and consistent level of SERS enhancement for multiple modalities. This platform will be offered for sale to collaborators as a platform to extend their own research as well as offer commercialization opportunities for the detection of small molecules and biomolecules will a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. | |
| NOMADICS, INC.
1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074-1508 (405) 372-9535 PI: Dr. Robert Shelton (405) 372-9535 Contract #: F49620-03-C-0061 |
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
328 Chemistry East Lansing, MI 48824 (517) 355-9715 ID#: F033-0304 Agency: AF Topic#: 03-002 Awarded: 9/2/2003 |
| Title: SuMo SERS: A Novel, High-Reliability CBW Agent Detection System Using Surface-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as a SERS Substrate | |
| Abstract: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique for detecting and identifying target analytes, such as CBW agents, even at very small concentrations. However, traditional SERS techniques often suffer from poor reliability and reproducibility. Nanoparticle-based SERS has a tremendous advantage over bulk-surface SERS due to a very high amount of surface area for interaction in a small volume. However, nanoparticles must be carefully stabilized to remain in solution, often limiting their ability to interact with analyte, which is required for SERS. Nomadics proposes to develop an improved SERS technology. Through numerical modeling and optical experimentation, we will determine the optimum shape and size of nanoparticles to maximize the SERS response. We will chemically modify the surface of nanoparticles to: 1) maintain the nanoparticles suspended in solution, and 2) preferentially bind the target analyte to the nanoparticles, optimizing | |