| 3TEX, INC.
109 MacKenan Drive Cary, NC 27511 (919) 481-2500 PI: Dr. Alexander Bogdanovich (919) 481-2500 Contract #: |
University of Texas at Dallas
2601 N. Floyd Rd. Richardson, TX 75080 (972) 883-6534 ID#: F045-020-0253 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: 3 Dimensional Nano-Scale Reinforcement Architecture for Advanced Composite Structures | |
| Abstract: Three-dimensional woven and braided fiber architectures provide important advantages to composites, including suppression of delamination, high damage tolerance, improved through-the-thickness properties, simplicity and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing complex composite structural components. However, in order to diversify applications and reach high volumes of utilization of these materials in high-performance composite structures, such problems as relatively low (compared to tape laminates) fiber volume fraction, reduced in-plane stiffness and strength characteristics have to be resolved. A novel approach to designing and manufacturing 3-D woven and 3-D braided preforms for advanced polymeric and high temperature composites proposed here. The approach is based on the use of very small diameter, ultra-strong and ultra-tough continuous carbon nanotube fibers (developed and produced by the Research Institution of this proposal) as part of the multidirectional reinforcement architecture. Specifically, this kind of fibers will be used as Z-reinforcement in 3-D woven preforms to maximize volume fraction of warp and fill fibers, and as braided tows in special 3-D braided architectures to maximize volume fraction of axial fiber. Finally, it is proposed that carbon nanotube fibers will be selectively integrated into regular, `host' tows to increase local strength, fracture toughness in the zones of anticipated high stress concentration. | |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803-5012 (781) 273-3388 PI: Ms. Kathleen Misovec (781) 273-3388 Contract #: |
MIT
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building E19-750 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 (617) 253-3906 ID#: F045-011-0268 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: Cooperative Search, Acquisition and Tracking by UAV Teams | |
| Abstract: ALPHATECH and MIT propose to extend existing real-time mission manager, path planning, and video tracking technologies developed under DARPA, AFOSR, and AFRL programs to solve the Cooperative Search Acquisition and Track (CSAT) problem for multiple moving targets. This CSAT mission presents difficult challenges combining different types of tasking: area search, periodic track maintenance, focused viewing for classification and continuous critical track monitoring. MIT's multi-UAV flight testbed, sponsored by AFOSR DURIP, will be used for the Phase I proof-of-concept simulations and the Phase II flight demonstrations. Algorithm extensions will focus on balancing multiple mission objectives, incorporating uncertainty due to moving targets, and complex sensor viewing constraints. Our CSAT controller will integrate ALPHATECH's unique multi-platform video tracking algorithms with MIT's and ALPHATECH's mission and cooperative path planning technologies. The video tracking algorithms perform sensor stabilization, data association and tracking in a common coordinate frame, allowing the use of low-cost sensor hardware options. The Phase I objectives are to extend and tailor the planning and control algorithms to CSAT, integrate these algorithms with the video tracking technologies, and demonstrate them using simulated environments. The Phase I proof-of-concept will be expanded into flight demonstrations in Phase II using MIT's multi-UAV testbed. | |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545-4819 (508) 845-5349 PI: Dr. Valery Rupasov (508) 845-5349 Contract #: |
University of Rochester
515 Hylan Building, RC Box 270140 Rochester, NY 14627 (585) 275-8036 ID#: F045-013-0102 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: Active Silicon Nanophotonics based on Photonic Crystal with Quantum Dots | |
| Abstract: ALTAIR Center in cooperation with University of Rochester proposes to develop a new class of active nanophotonic devices based on quantum dots embedded into photonic crystal microstructures fabricated in silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Due to extremely strong nonlinear optical and electro-optical properties and extremely short switching times, the silicon-based photonic crystal microstructures with quantum dots can be used as key elements for design of various all-optical and electro-optical components enabling their on-chip integration with silicon microelectronics. In Phase I we will prove feasibility of the proposed concept by analytical and numerical studies, fabricate the proposed devices, perform the simplest proof-of-concept experiments, and will characterize basic optical properties of the proposed key elements of active silicon nanophotonics. We will also develop conceptual designs of all-optical switches, modulators, transistors, amplifiers and lasers based on the proposed concept. In Phase II, we will study electro-optical properties of the proposed elements. The technology will be completely optimized and applied to fabrication of the prototype nanophotonic devices enabling on-chip integration with silicon microelectronics. | |
| AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR
Two Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581 (508) 621-4265 PI: Dr. C. L. H. Thieme (508) 621-4264 Contract #: |
Florida State University
1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive Tallahassee, FL 32310-3706 (580) 644-3347 ID#: F045-002-0177 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: Coil Simulators for AC Conductors | |
| Abstract: This STTR Project addresses stability issues in Second Generation High Temperature Superconductor (2G HTS) wire and will test novel components for increased stability and measurement techniques to evaluate stability at a wide range of conditions, in particular for demanding military AC HTS applications. Wire fabrication at AMSC and testing experiments at FSU will focus on AC stability and quench protection issues for AC magnet applications. Specific experiments will focus on determining safe operational limits for YBCO coated conductors and how these limits are affected by AC transport current. In the Phase II of this Project a so-called "coil simulator test facility" will be built, to be designed in the Phase I. The coil simulator will be able to test short lengths of wire as if positioned in a coil, under a variety of DC+AC fields, AC currents up to 400 Hz, and temperatures from 27 to 77K. The facility will be able to test a wide variety of wire designs (filament size, substrate and stabilizer components, wire width etc.). This type of testing will be very cost-effective with a fast feed-back to researchers concerned with wire architecture and magnet and system design engineers. Optimal quench strategies will be explored in a larger coil using novel stabilizers developed in the Phase I. | |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 (781) 496-2415 PI: Dr. Jared Freeman (202) 842-1548 Contract #: |
Wright State University
Office of Research & Programs, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45435 (937) 775-2664 ID#: F045-014-0218 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: Model-based Optimal System for Training (MOST) | |
| Abstract: The objective of the proposed work is to integrate a normative engineering model into an intelligent tutoring system. This system will allow continuous performance monitoring and adaptation of training based on performance assessment. To accomplish these goals a model will be developed that will allow us to define and conceptualize how novices and experts process information. The novice/expert distinction will enable an intelligent coaching agent to assess trainees' performance needs based on skill and ability differences, and provide feedback for optimal performance. Thus, training interventions for various trainee skill levels will be evaluated and embedded in the agent to allow for adaptive training based on individual differences. | |
| ARETE ASSOC.
P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413 (520) 571-8660 PI: Dr. Gregory J Fetzer (520) 571-8660 Contract #: |
National Heart lung & Blood Institu
Building 31, Room 5A52, 31 Center Drive MSC 2486 Bethesda, MD 20892 (301) 594-9529 ID#: F045-017-0081 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Instrumentation for Monitoring Breath Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Health, Condition, Toxic Exposure, and Disease | |
| Abstract: Arete Associates and National Jewish Medical and Research Center propose to develop an instrument to measure the concentration of ethane in exhaled breath. The analyzer uses the combination of a proprietary hollow optical waveguide measurement cell, tunable semiconductor laser, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy to provide sensitive and reliable measurements of ethane. The sensor will exhibit rapid response time (<1s), low minimum detection limits (100's of parts per trillion) and will be physically compact relative to other sensors with similar sensitivity. The proposed project leverages our experience developing a mid infrared laser absorption spectrometer (MIRLAS) to monitor NO in exhaled breath. In Phase I, a benchtop measurement system will be constructed and tested. This system will be challenged with a variety of laboratory air mixtures. Phase II will consist of the development and optimization of a prototype instrument that will be used to monitor both NO and ethane in research trials with human subjects at NJMRC. Ethane and NO measurements will be verified using gas chromatographic and chemiluminescence techniques respectively. | |
| ARTANN LABORATORIES, INC.
1457 Lower Ferry Road Trenton, NJ 08618 (609) 883-0100 PI: Dr. Charles R. Farrar (505) 663-5330 Contract #: |
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Weapon Response Group (ESA-WR), PO Box 1663, MS T006 Los Alamos, NM 87545 (505) 663-5330 ID#: F045-016-0181 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring using Time Reversal Acoustics | |
| Abstract: Vibration based structural health monitoring using Time Reversal Acoustics (TRA)represents a new approach to in-situ nondestructive evaluation of airspace structures. The proposed noncontact technique is based on TRA focusing of high frequency vibrations in tested structures produced by single or several external sources and surface vibration measurements by a scanning laser vibrometer. The application of TRA principles will significantly improve the vibration based NDE system's ability to detect the presence of structural faults and localize damage due to targeted focusing of the acousto-elastic waves. In contrast to conventional acoustic methods of NDE where the dispersion of elastic waves is viewed as an unfavorable phenomena, the TRA methodology takes advantage of this previously undesirable process. Scanning of the TRA focused signal over examined surface provides information necessary for tomographic mapping of damage and degradation. During Phase I, the principles of the TRA system with external sources and a laser vibrometer for damage detection will be developed and feasibility tests will be conducted on composite and metal parts with increasing level of damage including cracks, delamination, fiber breakage, corrosion, and battle damage. The developed TRA software and hardware will form a basis for the prototype that will be built in Phase II. | |
| ATC - NY
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850-1250 (607) 257-1975 PI: Dr. David Guaspari (607) 257-1975 Contract #: |
Cornell University
Office of Sponsored Programs, 120 Day Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 (607) 255-5337 ID#: F045-023-0029 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: SCorES, A Logical Programming Environment for Distributed Systems | |
| Abstract: Distributed systems, important to civilian and military infrastucture, have steadily become more complex and steadily more difficult to understand, implement, and maintain. Addressing these dangers, a collaboration between ATC-NY and Cornell University will build a mathematically based tool, SCorES, providing powerful automated support for specifying, developing, verifying, and synthesizing real-time distributed systems at a high level of abstraction. Mathematical techniques for modeling and analyzing distributed systems are difficult to use because they are insufficiently abstract. SCorES supports abstract methods that are "declarative" (rather than operational) and "constructive". Declarative methods permit systems to be specified, analyzed, developed, and verified at a conceptual level congenial to human designers. Constructive methods permit automatic code synthesis. The key is to define a "logic" for this new domain, so all development steps become logical inferences. Work by Cornell and ATC-NY has already defined a logic appropriate for the class of distributed systems that can be specified and modeled without reference to quantitative real time. This logic has specified and derived demonstrably correct nontrivial distributed algorithms (e.g., consensus protocols). We will extend our methods to hybrid systems, including variables that evolve in continuous time and implement SCorES by encoding these methods within the NuPRL logical environment. | |
| BARRON ASSOC., INC.
1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901-2496 (434) 973-1215 PI: Mr. Jason O. Burkholder (434) 973-1215 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0065 |
University of Virginia
PO Box 400195, Office of Sponsored Programs Charlottesville, VA 22904-4195 (434) 924-4270 ID#: F045-027-0182 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-027 Awarded: 05AUG04 |
| Title: Nonlinear Adaptive Actuation of Synthetic Jet Arrays for Aerodynamic Flow Control | |
| Abstract: Active flow control using synthetic jet actuators has been the subject of significant research in recent years due to its immense potential to expand the operating regimes of traditional aircraft and enable unconventional designs driven by nonaerodynamic operational considerations. Barron Associates, Inc. has teamed with researchers at the University of Virginia and the University of Wyoming to propose a research program which, if successful, will significantly advance the current state-of-the-art in active flow control and move this technology towards an ultimate objective of practical flight control via "virtual" control surfaces. Three primary investigations are proposed: (1) a novel concept that has been developed for the arrangement of synthetic jet arrays to facilitate virtual shaping of an airfoil during normal flight conditions will be modeled and analyzed; (2) a practical, implementable adaptive control algorithm based on adaptive inverse techniques that have been proven effective in many previous applications in systems with unknown actuator nonlinearities will be developed and tested; and (3) an adaptive actuator failure compensation scheme will be developed that will optimize the performance of the control system in the presence of unknown actuator failures. A nonlinear tailless aircraft model will serve as the Phase I test platform. | |
| BIO-BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS SYSTEMS, LLC
7472 Woodlawn Colonial Lane St. Louis, MO 63119 (314) 494-1108 PI: Dr. John A. Stern (314) 961-6321 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0082 |
Department of Psychiatry
Washington Univ School of Med, CB 8134, 660 S Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110-1093 (314) 286-1369 ID#: F045-007-0055 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-007 Awarded: 23AUG04 |
| Title: Real-Time Detector of Human Fatigue | |
| Abstract: We have selected three technologies for the unobtrusive monitoring of bio-behavioral events. Camera-based measures of gaze, including eye and head movements, pupil diameter, vergence, and blink parameters; Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) based measures of cardiovascular and muscle activity; and behavioral measures including movements of body parts as well as keyboard operations will be utilized. Our collaborator, J.W. Rohrbaugh, has been instrumental in the development of the application of LDV technology for these measurements. We, as well as others, have demonstrated the utility of gaze control measures for indexing aspects of loss of alertness and performance lapses. There is a reasonable literature attesting to the utility of cardiovascular and muscle activity in this regard. We propose to continue our development of software to reliably abstract relevant measures. Procedures for developing software appropriate for the on-line monitoring of specific measures will be developed for implementation in the phase II effort. A study to validate a subset of proposed measures is included in the phase I effort. | |
| BUSEK CO., INC.
11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760-1023 (508) 655-5565 PI: Dr. Manuel Martinez-Sanchez (617) 253-5613 Contract #: |
Massachusetts Institute of Tech.
77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 (617) 253-3906 ID#: F045-005-0186 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: Two-Dimensional Micro-Colloid Thruster Fabrication | |
| Abstract: The proposed research for this project is to perform preliminary required research in order to pursue microfabricated colloid thruster arrays. The project is comprised of the following tasks: i. propellant selection studies to determine appropriate propellant for microfabricated configurations and desired thrust regimes, ii. study of capillary feed physics for transport of propellant to electrospray tips, iii. investigation of extractor electrode designs suitable for high-density arrays of electrospray sources, iv. Characterization of electrochemical corrosion effects upon silicon, the preferred material for microfabrication, v. development of improved models of the electrospray phenomena, and vi. test of a novel bipolar colloid thruster that may promote extended thruster operation in the ionic regime. | |
| CALABAZAS CREEK RESEARCH, INC.
20937 Comer Drive Saratoga, CA 95070-3753 (650) 595-2168 PI: Mr. Thuc Bui (650) 948-5361 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0069 |
Univ. of California at Berkeley
Dept. of Electrical Engineerin, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-1770 (510) 642-3477 ID#: F045-006-0086 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-006 Awarded: 19AUG04 |
| Title: User-Safe "Virtual Laboratory" Environment for High-Voltage Radiation Source Experiments | |
| Abstract: The Computational Virtual Laboratory for High Voltage Radiation Experiments (VLAB) will be a computer-based laboratory for carrying out experiments with high-voltage, high-current electron-driven sources of electromagnetic radiation. Applications for the VLAB include studies of fundamental physics in the high-voltage, high-current environment; high power microwave sources for directed energy weapons; nuclear effects simulation; and novel imaging capabilities for medical or materials industries. This proposed development will leverage existing computer algorithms and computational tools to create a user-friendly environment for determining the impact of various geometries and configurations for high power electron and ion devices. | |
| CALABAZAS CREEK RESEARCH, INC.
20937 Comer Drive Saratoga, CA 95070-3753 (650) 595-2168 PI: Dr. Robert Jackson (404) 518-0200 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0070 |
Old Dominion University
Electrical &Computer Eng Norfolk, VA 23529-0246 (757) 683-4827 ID#: F045-006-0068 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-006 Awarded: 19AUG04 |
| Title: Field Marshal Simulation Environment | |
| Abstract: The Field Marshal Electromagnetic Simulation Environment (EM-SE) will provide a "virtual laboratory" for high-voltage radiation source research and design. The environment will be based on a modern scriptable programming language (Python) for usability and flexibility, finite difference techniques for extensibility and ease of maintenance, and multigrid techniques to enhance speed and power. Reduced development costs result from use of free, open-source software and internet-based distributed development tools. The Field Marshal EM-SE will support the key physical processes necessary for design and simulation of high-voltage sources including: (1) electron emission from moving cathode plasma surfaces, (2) scattering of energetic electrons from metals and insulating materials, (3) high-voltage electrical breakdown on insulator surfaces, (4) intense heat fluxes, (5) x-ray generation and effects, and (6) detailed structural visualization. Two key benefits of the Field Marshal approach will be more "intuitive" user interactions with high-power microwave (HPM) simulation tools and lower tool costs. Rather than produce expensive generic tools which researchers must adapt (or adapt to), developers can deliver affordable applications tuned to the specific needs of the HPM community. | |
| CARBON SOLUTIONS, INC.
5094 Victoria Hill Drive Riverside, CA 92506 (909) 234-2738 PI: Dr. Junbo Gao (909) 234-2738 Contract #: |
UCLA
Mechanical and Aerospace, Engineering Department Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597 (310) 794-9117 ID#: F045-020-0116 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: 3 Dimensional Nano-Scale Reinforcement Architecture for Advanced Composite Structures | |
| Abstract: This STTR Phase I project will focus on fabricating 3-D multi-scale macro/nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) integrated in carbon fiber preforms. The incorporation of nanoscale CNTs and conventional micro-scale carbon fibers into the polymer matrix will lead to a hierarchy of the reinforcement scales, ranging from a single fiber surrounded by a nanocomposite sheath to a bundle of fibers with inter-fiber nanoscale reinforcement, and a laminated or textile fibrous composite with nanoscale reinforcement bridging into the matrix-rich regions. The microstructure and performance of the composites will be characterized and analyzed. Process-structure-property relations for the composites will be established and feedback to improve the CNT deposition processes and also to understand the relation between the 3-D nano-structure and composite properties. | |
| CERAMPHYSICS, INC.
921 Eastwind Dr., Suite 110 Westerville, OH 43081 (614) 882-2231 PI: Dr. William N. Lawless (614) 882-2231 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0073 |
University of Pittsburgh
648 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (412) 624-9783 ID#: F045-002-0035 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-002 Awarded: 13AUG04 |
| Title: Quench-Protection Strategies for HTS Conductors | |
| Abstract: An assessment will be made of two quench-protection strategies for HTS conductors, one based on dielectric insulations with enhanced thermal properties and the other on a cryovaristor technology. Three insulations are considered: ceramic powders in Formvar, sputtered ceramics, and diamond films. Both strategies make use of established databases at CeramPhysics (except for diamond films). Additional thermal measurements will be made on Formvar/powder composites, and a sputtered ceramic film on an HTS conductor will be demonstrated. Three-dimensional, transient, heat transfer modeling for the insulations will be performed by Prof. M. K. Chyu of the University of Pittsburgh. The electrical/thermal properties of a cryovaristor film will be modeled. The most favorable strategy will be identified. | |
| CLEAR SCIENCE CORP.
PO Box 233, 663 Owego Hill Road Harford, NY 13784-0233 (607) 844-9171 PI: Dr. Henry A. Carlson (607) 844-9171 Contract #: |
University of Minnesota
450 McNamara Alumni Center, 200 Oak Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455-2070 (612) 624-5066 ID#: F045-009-0201 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: Automated Design Optimization for Hypersonic Plasma-Aerodynamics | |
| Abstract: Clear Science Corp. and the University of Minnesota propose to evaluate and develop design optimization methods that exploit flow ionization associated with hypersonic, trans-atmospheric flight vehicles. Using magnetic fields from on-board devices, power may be extracted from ionized gas generated in the high-energy flow and electromagnetic forces can control heating and aerodynamic loading on the vehicle surface by altering the structure of the shock and boundary layers. Two challenges exist in meeting the objective of design optimization. First, all of the relevant physical properties of the flow must be appropriately modeled. These include compressibility, viscous effects, thermo-chemical non-equilibrium, Hall and ion-slip effects, and an accurate representation of the coupling between the plasma and the applied magnetic field. The resulting system of equations is complex, and the second challenge consists of deriving a compatible optimization algorithm that is efficient, versatile, and scalable. During Phase I, we will evaluate adjoint (backward) formulations, sensitivity (forward) methods, and algorithms that combine optimization with reduced-order modeling. Evaluations will be based on tests involving two-dimensional blunt-body flow in the low magnetic Reynolds number regime. Figures of merit will include scalability to three-dimensional flows and to problems with two-way coupling between the plasma and the magnetic field. The down-selected optimization algorithm will be developed in Phase I, and a Phase II work plan will be formulated for demonstration testing. | |
| COLORADO ENGINEERING, INC.
3272 Silver Pine Trail Colorado Springs, CO 80920-1495 (719) 388-8582 PI: Dr. Tim Chamillard (719) 262-3150 Contract #: |
University of Colorado
1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy. Colorado Springs, CO 80933-7150 (719) 262-3150 ID#: F045-008-0013 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: Automated Detection of Steganographic Content | |
| Abstract: Colorado Engineering, Inc., a small woman owned business, and the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs are teaming to develop a Stegi@work architecture for an extensible, distributed application that can be utilized to detect steganographic content in media files, alert the user, and either mitigate (destroy) the content if possible or quarantine the files as appropriate. The key distinguishing characteristics of the architecture will be distribution of the steganographic detection tasks to a set of subscribed PCs on a network (including the Internet or a Local Area Network) and the use of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) to facilitate inclusion of new and improved steganalysis algorithms. This proposal will demonstrate and evaluate the feasibility of the proposed architecture through development of a prototype implementation of the architecture. Feasibility analysis will focus on the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, the ease with which new and improved algorithms can be included in the steganalysis activities, and support for the required user configuration options. Proposed Phase I objectives include: user subscription process development, high-level and detailed design of architecture components, prototype application development, feasibility analysis, and Phase II plan development. The proposed architecture will support effective distributed steganalysis activities using easily-extended steganalysis algorithms. | |
| CONNECTICUT ANALYTICAL CORP.
696 Amity Road Bethany, CT 06524 (203) 393-9666 PI: Joseph J. Bango (203) 393-9666 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0064 |
Yale University
9 Hillhouse Avenue New Haven, CT 06520-8286 (203) 432-4347 ID#: F045-005-0131 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-005 Awarded: 03AUG04 |
| Title: Two-Dimensional Micro-Colloid Thruster Fabrication | |
| Abstract: In the field of electric space propulsion, specifically colloidal propulsion, there has been significant improvements of recent date in the development of small micro-fabricated arrays operating in the single Taylor Cone per emitter regime. To increase thrust, the density of 2-D arrays must be increased. The state-of-the-art employs silicon based MEMS fabrication techniques to effect suitable multiplexed 2-D emitter arrays. Although very efficient, MEMS emitters can be very difficult to get "just right" to achieve the desired performance. An alternative to silicon MEMS colloidal thruster design is to employ novel bundles of stretched fused silica glass fibers that comprise a plurality of capillary pores. Connecticut Analytical Corp. has devloped a patent-pending process utilizing these stretched fused fibers as a means to provide propellant delivery devoid of a hydrostatic source and at the same time yield a large 2-D electrospray array suitable for propulsion applications. The inherent capillarity of the structure maintains propellant fluid feed in perfect equilibrium to all spray demands. | |
| COVALENT ASSOC., INC.
10 State Street Woburn, MA 01801-6820 (781) 938-1140 PI: Victor R. Koch, Ph.D. (781) 938-1140 Contract #: |
University of Dayton
Research Institute, 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-0168 (937) 255-9002 ID#: F045-018-0021 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Ionic Liquid Lubrication | |
| Abstract: The U.S. Air Force requires advanced lubricants (oils and greases) that can perform at elevated temperatures and under a high vacuum for military and aerospace applications. Additionally, the rapidly growing field of microelectromechanical systems requires advanced lubricants for moving parts incorporated into microscopic actuators. Based on preliminary data collected by us, we believe that Covalent's hydrophobic ionic liquid technology is well suited for these particular applications. During Phase I a series of new ionic liquid materials will be prepared and purified by us. Our STTR partner will then evaluate the new materials in respect to their thermal properties under vacuum and their tribological properties under load. | |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355-3091 (610) 644-3400 PI: Dr. M. Karlovitz/Dr. D. Stephe (610) 644-3400 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0077 |
Stevens Institute of Technology
Department of ECE Hoboken, NJ 07030 (201) 216-5480 ID#: F045-008-0259 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-008 Awarded: 23AUG04 |
| Title: An Open Software Framework for Steganalysis | |
| Abstract: We propose to develop a platform-independent Rapid Steganographic Detection Suite (RSDS). The RSDS will be capable of applying a diverse collection of steganalysis detection methods to all relevant files on a PC or other hardware system. The software will have a publicly available API for steganalysis methods and will thus allow new methods to be incorporated by any user who has the RSDS and the necessary programming skills. The RSDS will be able to apply these detection methods to a set of user-specified folders and to user-specified file types. Further, the RSDS can be used to scan incoming email as well as images and other media files that are downloaded from the Internet. The RSDS main driver will be written in Java. It will be able to interface with steganalysis methods that are written in various languages, including Java, C or C++, and MATLAB. As part of our Phase I work, we will implement in the RSDS a change-point detection method of steganalysis developed by our expert collaborator, Professor R. Chandramouli of the Stevens Institute of Technology. | |
| DESANTAGE CORP.
16 Forest Glen Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15228 (412) 726-5444 PI: Dr. Jay McCormack (412) 445-1822 Contract #: |
Carnegie Mellon University
5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (412) 268-3713 ID#: F045-019-0006 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: A Decomposition Based Approach to Optimal Layout of Complex Systems such as UAV's and Satellites | |
| Abstract: This STTR proposes to solve the problem of automated component placement (also known as intelligent packaging) for UAV's and other products by building on our unique state-of-the-art, patented technology platform. The goal of this work is to enable the automated layout of an entire complex product, such as a UAV, featuring a multitude of systems and subsystems with 3D components. This will be accomplished by developing a method for computationally decomposing a system into subsystems, solving the subsystem layout problem in sub-defined spaces with our "Extended Pattern Search" (EPS) technology, and re-integrating the subsystems together. In developing the necessary methods this project will create a tool for use on UAV's, satellites, missiles, and other military and non-military products such as printed circuit boards (PCB) and automobiles. This technology is critical for the successful evolution of UAV's for two reasons: first, time to market affects both cost and deployment of new UAV's to meet Air Force needs, and second, faster design time allows for more extensive analysis and verification of performance and quality, improving the effectiveness of the UAV program. | |
| ECLECTIC COMPUTING CONCEPTS, INC.
1650 W. Virginia, Suite 200 McKinney, TX 75069-7703 (972) 547-4090 PI: Dr. Robert Bechtel (972) 547-4090 Contract #: |
University of Wisconsin - Plattevil
1 University Plaza Platteville, WI 53818-3099 (608) 342-1456 ID#: F045-008-0285 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: StegKit: Automated Steganalysis Tool | |
| Abstract: Surreptitious communication through steganography has application in many settings. There are many different techniques for hiding steganographic content and in theory, any file type can serve as a carrier. Most studies in steganalysis have focused on single file types and a few steganographic methods on those file types, representing a limited sample of the population of transmitted data. We propose to develop of a general-purpose steganalysis system that will handle many file types, many steganographic methods, while being easy to configure and use. Such a system can be deployed widely enough to adequately sample a statistically significant portion of transmitted data. A distinguishing feature of our approach is the use of machine learning techniques to create a file type classifier that can be used to select among available steganalysis modules. The resulting system will be modeled on modern antivirus software, capable of background monitoring of files, email, and visited web pages. | |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062-2612 (781) 769-9450 PI: Dr. Fei Wang (781) 769-9450 Contract #: FA955-04-C-0091 |
University of Florida
Department of Chemistry, PO Box 117200 Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (352) 392-1582 ID#: F045-010-0223 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-010 Awarded: 23AUG04 |
| Title: High Mobility Stable Crosslinked Conductive Polymers | |
| Abstract: In this STTR program, EIC Laboratories is teaming with the University of Florida (Prof. John Reynolds group) to design a new class of charge-transporting electronic polymers that exhibit a high degree of organization, leading to high charge mobilities. Furthermore, the structures will be highly crosslinked, which will make them tough and less prone to destruction by chemicals or in the space environment. The general approach is adaptable to a wide range of p-type and n-type charge transporting systems, and therefore is applicable to light emitting displays, photovoltaics and transistors. Phase I will entail synthesizing several examples of these crosslinked systems and characterizing their molecular structures. Carrier mobilities of selected materials will be evaluated in microfabricated thin film transistor test structures. In addition, time of flight mobilities will be measured to evaluate carrier transport through thethickness of the new materials. A goal for Phase I is to achieve mobilities similar to regioregular poly-3-hexylthiophene in the new crosslinked materials. | |
| EMT, INC.
600 Blvd. South, Suite 104 Huntsville, AL 35802 (256) 705-3502 PI: Dr. Ruby Lathon (505) 550-7829 Contract #: |
California State University,Hayward
25800 Carlos Bee Blvd Hayward, CA 94542 (510) 885-2205 ID#: F045-014-0247 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: Optimal Training System | |
| Abstract: The ability to train novice operators on a variety of tasks through automated training systems provides a cost effective and timely solution for a number of applications. The training regimen required for military personnel lends itself to automated training systems. In order to overcome some of the challenges and shortfalls of the traditional intelligent training systems, a strong normative or expert model must be developed. Such a model provides a foundation by which comparison, monitoring and feedback can take place. EMT, Inc. and California State University, Hayward propose to develop a methodology that brings together both the normative model and the student model in a approach that enables individualized training based on the trainee's individual skills. This objective will be achieved by using machine learning techniques used to develop and maintain an expert learning transition contained in the student model module via two steps. First, machine learning techniques will be used to develop and maintain an expert learning transition in the student model. Second, methods for externalizing the student model will be used to provide for student-system interaction that can be compared against the normative model. | |
| EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440-4881 (630) 771-0201 PI: Dr. Silviu Velicu (630) 771-0206 Contract #: |
University of Illinois at Chicago
College of Engineering , 1020 SEO, 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago, IL 60607-7053 (312) 996-3423 ID#: F045-021-0160 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: Thermoelectrically Cooled MWIR Avalanche Photodiodes on Silicon Substrates | |
| Abstract: Modern Air Force weapon systems need to detect, recognize and track a variety of targets under a wide spectrum of atmospheric conditions. Recent technology developments are paving the way toward imaging optical radars with wavelengths in MWIR range for these applications. The best suited detectors for optical radars are the avalanche photodiodes (APDs) due to their high gain-bandwidth characteristics. Robust silicon-APDs are limited to visible and near infrared region, while InGaAs works well up to wavelengths of about 1.5 microns. Longer wavelength source-detector systems are required to overcome the practical and seasonal conditions of the atmosphere. The semiconductor alloy HgCdTe, with its wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range, high quantum efficiency, low dielectric constant permitting high speed operation, and low noise performance in APDs (due to the resonant enhancement of the ionization coefficient), is an attractive material for MWIR APDs. We propose to use our extensive experience in HgCdTe growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and device processing to fabricate thermoelectrically cooled MWIR avalanche photodiodes on silicon substrates as single elements and focal plane arrays. The proposing team EPIR Technology- University of Illinois at Chicago integrates the technical strength and extensive knowledge of reputed and accomplished scientists in MBE HgCdTe growth, devices and APD technology. | |
| ERC, INC.
555 Sparkman Drive, Executive Plaza, Suite 1622 Huntsville, AL 35816 (256) 430-3080 PI: Dr. Karl O. Christe (661) 275-5194 Contract #: |
University of Southern California
Loker Research Institute, University Park Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661 (213) 740-8957 ID#: F045-003-0018 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: All-Nitrogen or High-Nitrogen Compounds as High Energy Density Materials | |
| Abstract: During Phase I of the proposed program, ERC-Incorporated proposes to identify novel promising polynitrogen candidates by means of theoretical calculations. Furthermore, preliminary tests will be carried out to explore the feasibility of synthesizing the most promising candidates. High-nitrogen compounds constitute a second area of significant interest. It is well known that the insertion of one hetero atom, such as carbon or oxygen, can greatly enhance the stability of a polynitrogen compound. Therefore, these compounds might exhibit better stability, while retaining much of the endothermicity. Furthermore, numerous polyazido compounds are known which combine high nitrogen content with reasonable stability. The proposed work would be divided equally between ERC-Incorporated, the small business partner, and the Loker Research Institute of the University of California. Prof. Karl Christe, the Principal Investigator and Responsible Scientist for this program, has active research groups at each location and is splitting his time between the two efforts, guaranteeing maximum collaboration and synergy. ERC-Incorporated is an on-site contractor at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Edwards AFB, CA, and has full access to all the testing facilities and computational capabilities at AFRL. The synthesis and characterization efforts would be divided between USC and ERC, because both groups have excellent capabilities in this area. | |
| FLUOROCHEM, INC.
680 S. Ayon Ave. Azusa, CA 91702-5122 (626) 334-6714 PI: Dr. Kurt Baum (626) 334-6714 Contract #: |
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493 (650) 859-3083 ID#: F045-003-0170 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: All-Nitrogen or High-Nitrogen Compounds as High Energy Density Materials | |
| Abstract: All-nitrogen compounds, also known as polynitrogen compounds, or nitrogen-rich compounds, such as polyazides, store large amounts of energy that can be released when these materials decompose to molecular nitrogen. The synthesis of these materials is very challenging because the reactants, intermediates, and desired products have high endothermicities. These high endothermicities make many of these compounds shock sensitive and extremely difficult to handle. The goal of exploiting the potential of polynitrogen compounds for HEDM applications requires research to identify new target molecules that possess sufficient energy and kinetic stability to warrant attempts at their synthesis, to develop new methodology for their preparation, and to prepare amounts sufficient for the determination of their structures and properties. | |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451-1196 (781) 684-4242 PI: Ms. Judith Gertler (781) 684-4270 Contract #: |
Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd. Laurel, MD 20723-6099 (240) 228-5629 ID#: F045-007-0118 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: Control Center Fatigue Monitoring System | |
| Abstract: Abstract: The nature of military operations requires around-the-clock operation. Consequently military personnel responsible for overseeing routine as well as battlefield activity must work at times outside the weekday, daytime hours common in many other occupations. Given the serious consequences for US defense strategy and the safety of US servicemen and women, it is imperative that control center personnel maintain their alertness and cognitive functioning, even when working at times that run counter to human physiology. Effective fatigue management requires both personal planning and ergonomically designed work schedules. The control center environment provides the opportunity to introduce technology to provide real time monitoring and feedback to a fatigued operator. Foster-Miller and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory propose development of the Control Center Fatigue Monitoring System to provide both a personal planning and predictive component, and real time feedback from a monitoring system. Our proposed system has a biological sensor component that will monitor multiple physiological indicators as well as an adaptive model that uses personal behavioral data along with real time sensor data to predict alertness levels for both active and passive tasks. Phase I will produce both the system architecture and plans for a validation study in Phase II. (P-040333) | |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451-1196 (781) 684-4242 PI: Dr. Robert Kovar (781) 684-4115 Contract #: |
University of Notre Dame
511 Main Building Notre Dame, ID 46556 (574) 631-4670 ID#: F045-018-0175 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Temperature Ionic Liquid Lubricant for Advanced Aircraft Turbine Engines | |
| Abstract: The turbine engines and vertical lift systems of advanced military aircraft will require lubricants that function reliably between -40,aF to +625 ,aF for >4000 hrs. Current aircraft lubricants can only be used to +300 ,aF. The Foster-Miller STTR team proposes to develop a high temperature ionic liquid lubricant (HTILL) that provides exceptional lubrication and wear performance between -40,aF to +625 ,aF for prolonged periods without degradation. During operation at elevated temperatures, the HTILL forms thin, adherent, durable and stable surface boundary layers that maintain low friction and wear, even at +625,aF and in vacuum environments. The HTILL is a non-flammable, low vapor pressure, thermal-oxidatively stable liquid that maintains viscosity and resists degradation between -40,aF and +625 ,aF. The HTILL enables facile movement of the engines and lift system over their entire operating temperature range. In Phase I, we will apply modeling to identify the most promising HTILL molecular structures, synthesize selected candidates and evaluate HTILL candidates with respect to volatility, thermal-oxidative stability, lubrication and wear properties against steel at ambient and +625,aF. Our team includes experts in modeling, ionic liquids, chemical synthesis, tribology, high temperature lubricants, and aircraft and engine manufacturers. (P-040321) | |
| FREMONT ASSOC., LLC
306 Kings Chase Camden, SC 29020-2160 (803) 432-8272 PI: Dr. Duncan Clarke (803) 432-8272 Contract #: |
University of Pennsylvania
Computer and Info Science, 3330 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6389 (215) 898-4448 ID#: F045-023-0249 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: Modeling Languages and Analysis Tools for Complex Distributed | |
| Abstract: The Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) is an emerging SAE standard language for describing the software and hardware architecture of performance-critical real-time systems. In addition, the AADL standard allows the definition of annexes, i.e., formal extensions to the standard language to enhance the design specifications of hardware or software components. We propose to leverage the AADL language and tool development efforts to create a new toolset that incorporates simulation and analysis technologies for embedded real-time systems developed within the Charon and ACSR/VERSA projects at the University of Pennsylvania. Our integration of AADL with Charon and VERSA will extend the capabilities of AADL to allow analysis and simulation at the architecture level, detailed analysis at the module level, and support for implementation. | |
| GLOBAL NANOSYSTEMS, INC.
10327 MISSOURI AVENUE, #202 LOS ANGELES, CA 90025-6902 (310) 277-3691 PI: Ms. Liping Ren (310) 277-3691 Contract #: |
UCLA MICROLAB
420 WESTWOOD PLAZA LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1594 (310) 825-4593 ID#: F045-013-0244 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: NOVEL DESIGNS OF HIGH EFFICIENCY SILICON LIGHT EMITTING DIODES FOR SILICON NANOPHOTONICS | |
| Abstract: The primary objective of this proposal is to design and fabricate novel structures of silicon light-emitting diodes (Si-LEDs) that are capable of producing ever-high electro-optical efficiency for all optics Si nanophotonics. Our strategies are based on Si-based photonic crystals. The success of the project will accomplish four tasks: (1) Novel design and fabrication of high efficient Si-LEDs based on {113} defect engineering and Er-implanted nanocrystals, etc; (2) Novel design and simulation of Si-based photonic crystal structures in terms of photonic waveguides, switches, wavelength division multiplexers (WDM), bends, losses and their feasibility of integration and fabrication for nanophotonics; (3) Super integration of the Si-LEDs and SiGe photodiodes inside the total reflective Si-based photonic crystals for ever-high electro-optical and opto-electrical efficiency; (4) Finally, a simple monolithic nanophotonic system will be designed and fabricated based on photonic crystals, which consists of Si-LEDs arrays, photodiode arrays and coupling optics composed of waveguides, bends, switches and WDM, etc. Based on the proposed approaches, we strongly believe that more sophisticated nanophotonic systems can be designed and fabricated monolithically in independent nanophotonic integrated circuits and/or together with nanoelectronics. Such systems will be proposed through a Phase II project and/or an STTR fast track approach. | |
| GUIDED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 1453 McDonough, GA 30253-1453 (770) 898-9100 PI: Dr. J. Eric Corban (770) 898-9100 Contract #: |
Georgia Institute of Technology
Office of Sponsored Programs, Industry Contracting Office Atlanta, GA 30332-0420 (404) 894-6932 ID#: F045-027-0312 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-027 Selected for Award |
| Title: Neural-Network-Based Adaptive Flow Control for Maneuvering Vehicles | |
| Abstract: Conventional flow control methods employ actuation frequencies that are the same order as the characteristic frequency of the flow. Georgia Tech has demonstrated novel high-frequency synthetic jet actuation to modify the apparent aerodynamic shape of aerosurfaces and achieve quasi-steady flow reattachment over an otherwise separated airfoil. Practical application of this technology in dynamic maneuvers, however, will require closed-loop flow control that does not depend on an exact model of, or detailed measurement of, local flow phenomenon. In the USAF RESTORE program, GST, Georgia Tech and Boeing flight demonstrated neural-network adaptive control algorithms that can accommodate gross errors in the aerodynamic models used for design. Georgia Tech researchers have since extended this adaptive method to the case of output feedback. This program will demonstrate adaptive output feedback for control of synthetic jets to produce desired control moments without requiring detailed models of local flow phenomenon. In phase I, GST and Georgia Tech will produce a dynamic model of a 2-D airfoil equipped with synthetic jet actuators, and demonstrate in simulation adaptive closed-loop control of airfoil attitude. Phase II will provide a real-time wind-tunnel demonstration of this adaptive closed-loop flow control technology for a 3-D aerodynamic configuration that both rotates and translates at various low-speed conditions. | |
| HALEAKALA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC.
7 Martin Road Brookfield, MA 01506-1762 (508) 764-6199 PI: Dr. Theodore R. Anderson (508) 867-3918 Contract #: |
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
110 8th Street, Building J Troy, NY 12180-3590 (518) 276-8979 ID#: F045-015-0049 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: Smart Reconfigurable Plasma Antennas for Seamless Sensor Network Communications | |
| Abstract: *Haleakala R&D Inc. and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute will develop novel approaches for space-time coding of sensor networks to convert spatially distributed sensor nodes into efficient, robust and secure wireless networks. Contemporary and future sensor network applications are expected to utilize anywhere from 10 to 1000 or more individual sensors in potentially hostile and militarily sensitive environments. Each sensor is likely to be required to support secure data-intensive collection and dissemination in a robust and oftentimes covert fashion. We propose a space-time diversity scheme for multi-transmit systems with specific applications to CDMA sensor networks. This research proposes a scheme which groups transmission and reception network nodes into cooperative clusters of simple nodes A few examples of wireless multi-hop networks that would benefit from the proposed research are: 1. A set of rovers with sensors used for unmanned exploration. 2. A collection of interconnected sensors 3. monitoring the different parts of a plant for maintenance purposes. 4. Communications units, used by a maintenance team in a plant, that link to each other as well as to a sensor network in the plant and a parts' inventory database..5. A network of rovers with sensors deployed over a dangerous terrain. | |
| HYPER TECH RESEARCH, INC.
110 E. Canal St. Troy, OH 45373-3581 (937) 332-0348 PI: Mr. Michael Tomsic (937) 332-0348 Contract #: |
Massachusetts Institute of Technolo
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg E19-750 Cambridge, MA 02139-4301 (617) 253-7086 ID#: F045-002-0057 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: Stability and Quench Protection for HTS Superconducting Magnets | |
| Abstract: The Air Force is currently pursuing the development of high temperature superconducting airborne generators, and air core transformers. Coated YBCO superconductors can enable these applications. More needs to be known about the stability of these YBCO coated superconductors when wound into coils, so that the best approaches for quench protection can be determined. Our STTR Phase I will investigate the stability of small YBCO coils with different amounts of stabilization and with different types of insulation. Our intent is to perform stability tests on small coils so that we can model larger coils and recommend methods of quench protection that can be evaluated and tested on larger YBCO coils in a Phase II effort. This technology will be applicable to rotor coils for a superconducting generator. | |
| HYPERCOMP, INC.
31255 Cedar Valley Drive, Suite 327 Westlake Village, CA 91362 (818) 865-3713 PI: Dr. Ramakanth Munipalli (818) 865-3718 Contract #: |
University of Texas at Arlington
Box 19018, 500 W. First St., 211 Woolf Hl Arlington, TX 76019-0018 (817) 272-2072 ID#: F045-009-0128 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: Automated Design Optimization for Hypersonic Plasma-Aerodynamics | |
| Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in MHD and plasma augmentation of hypersonic flows, for applications in active flow control, power generation and flow acceleration. HyPerComp Inc. has been at the forefront of comprehensive physical modeling efforts pertaining to MHD flow simulations. Here, we propose a teaming arrangement with the University of Texas at Arlington, and the NASA-Ames Research Center to study design optimization techniques in the context of hypersonic MHD. In Phase-I, a master set of adjoint equations will be formulated for the class of MHD problems with low magnetic Reynolds number. Sample internal flow (on-board MHD power generator) and external flow (inlet flow control) problems will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in 2-D. In Phase-II, techniques developed in phase-I will be interfaced with the parallel unstructured mesh MHD codes developed under prior AFOSR contracts, with automatic mesh movement and graphical user interfaces to assist with code execution. Provisions for arbitrary magnetic Reynolds number will make the technique more generally applicable. There are lucrative alternative markets to which this development can be applied. | |
| IDZAP LLC
P.O.Box 2586 Sunnyvale, CA 94087-0586 (408) 621-1470 PI: Dr. Ping WAh Wong (408) 621-1470 Contract #: |
Polytechnic University
6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn, NY 11201 (718) 260-3339 ID#: F045-008-0044 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: Automated Detection of Steganographic Content | |
| Abstract: Given the ubiquitous nature of the Intenet and the pervasiveness of multimedia content on the network, a typical user downloads an enormous number of media files daily and routinely via many mechanisms including web browsing, email, file sharing, and so on. The easy availability of high quality steganography software, both public domain and commercial, media files can be easily used to deliver malicious payloads to unsuspecting users or to carry prohibited content across firewalls and proxy gateways. As a result, the threat of steganography has become a very real and increasing concern among government, business, and personal users. We propose in this project to develop an anti-steganography application that can automatically detect the presence of hidden information in media files. The anti-steganography software system consists of a client application and a server application. The client application is installed on client computers, and it will intercept and examine media files that go into the machine. For each media file, the client application executes steganography detection algorithms, and takes appropriate action is hidden messages are detected. The server portion of the system is provided to allow the user to automatically upgrade the client application as new steganography detection algorithms are developed. The client application is designed to be extendable so that the steganography detection capability can continuously be enhanced and updated. Specifically, an external Application Program Interface (API) is defined so that as long as any steganography detection module conforms to the API, then the application will be able to integrate and make use of the capability in the external module. In this Phase I project, we will develop a comprehensive API for the anti-steganography application. Prototype client and server applications will be built and tested. | |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440-3638 (937) 429-4980 PI: Dr. Larry Goss (937) 429-4980 Contract #: |
University of Washington
Box 351700 Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 685-8665 ID#: F045-001-0292 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: Improved Pressure- and Temperature-Sensitive Paint | |
| Abstract: The phase I technical objectives are to use existing lifetime based PSP technology and identify a combination of existing probes and a binder that will provide a temperature-insensitive PSP measurement. These will be accomplished by extending the current lifetime-based systems that employ two-gate detection and by adding a second probe and a third or fourth gate. The proposed system will be constructed using the PtTFPP probe, FIB binder, and 470-nm LED excitation that are commonly employed in lifetime systems. A second probe that is compatible with this system and effectively eliminates temperature sensitivity will be identified and incorporated into the system. The final product will include a paint formulation and a set of camera gates that provide a pressure measurement that is insensitive to temperature. | |
| INSITU GROUP, INC.
118 E. Columbia River Way Bingen, WA 98605 (509) 493-8600 PI: Dr. David Rathbun (509) 493-8600 Contract #: |
Univ. of Washington
Grant and Contract Services, 3935 University Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98195-6613 (206) 543-4043 ID#: F045-011-0033 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: Cooperative Tracking of Moving Targets by Teams of Autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles | |
| Abstract: The goal of the proposed work is to rapidly evaluate, and demonstrate in flight, algorithms for cooperative tracking of moving targets using multiple UAVs. The building block algorithms have been maturing through sponsorship elsewhere, and the timing is crucial to now pull them together for demonstration and commercialization. Phase I will involve simulation and flight demonstration of the building blocks. Phase II will involve an end-to-end Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulation and a set of comprehensive flight experiments of the integrated system. The Insitu ScanEagle/Seascan is the smallest fixed-wing UAV that can be used for target tracking as it is the smallest UAV that has an inertially stabilized and gimbaled turret. ScanEagle has demonstrated in-flight the ability to autonomously track moving targets for short periods of time. The goal of this research is to combine the latest methods being developed at the University of Washington, Cornell, and Insitu into the current framework. The project goal is to enable a swarm of UAVs to track a moving, evading target for up to 30 minutes without human intervention. | |
| INTEGRATED SMART STRUCTURES, INC.
2601 Twin Creeks Drive Copley, OH 44321-1770 (330) 664-0982 PI: Dr. Wahyu Lestari (330) 664-0982 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0078 |
The University of Akron
244 Sumner Street Akron, OH 44325-3905 (330) 972-5226 ID#: F045-016-0125 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-016 Awarded: 12AUG04 |
| Title: Rapid and Robust Dynamics-Based Nondestructive Method for Aerospace Structural Health Monitoring | |
| Abstract: A dynamics-based damage identification technique with aid of smart piezoelectric materials and scanning laser vibrometer is proposed for health monitoring of aerospace structures. The identification technique is developed with closely considerations of implementation of a portable dynamics-based system for on-site use and potential for real-time automated monitoring. Therefore, the smart piezoelectric materials will be used as sensors and actuators, which provide great prospect for development of on-board smart structural health monitoring (SHM) system; while development of identification technique using scanning laser vibrometer will lead to portable on-site system. The objective of Phase I project is to develop a robust dynamics-based damage identification technique with capability of determining the location and extent of damage in aerospace structures made of both metallic and composite materials. The curvature mode shape and anti-resonance methods will be used simultaneously to locate and quantify the damage, and a combined static and dynamic technique will be employed to perform detection experiment demonstration. A combined experimental and analytical/numerical approach will be adopted, and the novel numerical simulation of damage structures will be used as a guide and validation tool for experimental study. | |
| INTELLIGENT AERODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL
845 Sharon Park Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025-6739 (650) 854-6710 PI: Dr. Luigi Martinelli (609) 258-6652 Contract #: |
Princeton University
Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 (609) 258-3090 ID#: F045-009-0240 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: Automated Design Optimization for Hypersonic Plasma-Aerodynamics | |
| Abstract: The research goal of this project is to develop adjoint based methods for design optimization of hypersonic aerospace vehicles and system components. Specifically, we will build on our expertise in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Design optimization to extend existing numerical algorithms for non-equilibrium hypersonic flows. The long term goal is the development and use of these computational capabilities to characterize the performance of hypersonic flight vehicles systems over the flight envelope, and to optimize MHD flow control in hypersonic vehicles. Combined with the use of high performance computing algorithms and a fully automated software architecture we hope to provide a robust and accurate computational tool for designers that can be eventually imbedded in the design process of future hyersonic vehicles. | |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 (301) 294-5221 PI: Dr. Chiman Kwan (301) 294-5238 Contract #: |
University of Pennsylvania
3330 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6389 (215) 898-8560 ID#: F045-007-0085 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: A Novel Non-Intrusive Approach to Detect Human Fatigue in Real-time | |
| Abstract: Fatigue affects human performance. If we can capture the early signs of fatigue such as lack of concentration, yawning, changes in voice characteristics, etc., we will be able to evaluate individual job performance and plan optimal work schedules to optimize performance. Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) and its subcontractor, Prof. Jianbo Shi and Prof. David Dinges of the University of Pennsylvania, propose a novel non-intrusive approach to detecting human fatigue. Our approach combines the latest algorithms in video processing, audio processing, and fusion in a unified framework. The video signals contain not only camera signals but also eye safe low intensity laser scanner signals (3-D images) that can provide more facial information than 2-D images. Our video processing algorithms extract coarse (body behavior such as yawning) and fine (eye blink, facial expressions, etc.) features. The microphone signals contain voice characteristics that reflect fatigue behavior. Our audio algorithm is based on cepstral features and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which have been proven to be extremely powerful in characterizing human speaker and bird voice characteristics. Our fusion algorithm combines video and audio fatigue features and yields an optimal decision on fatigue detection. | |
| IPITEK
2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008-5216 (760) 438-1010 PI: Dr. David Schaafsma (760) 438-1010 Contract #: |
University of Maryland
College Park College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405-4976 ID#: F045-025-0164 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-025 Selected for Award |
| Title: Miniature, All Dielectric Wideband Electro-Optic Field Measurement System | |
| Abstract: IPITEK proposes to develop a wideband, all-dielectric, filed probe based on the novel electro-optic (E-O) polymer maters and devices developed by this company. Since these polymers have very high electro-optic responses, they have both good sensitivity to electric field when used as sensors and good response to applied voltage when used as modulators. | |
| IRVINE SENSORS CORP.
3001 Redhill Avenue, Building #3-108 Costa Mesa, CA 92626-4532 (714) 444-8760 PI: Mr. John Leon (714) 435-8920 Contract #: |
University of Southern California
3740 McClintock Avenue, EEB-200C Los Angeles, CA 90089-2562 (213) 740-4483 ID#: F045-015-0165 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: Seamless Sensor Network Communications | |
| Abstract: Irvine Sensors Corporation together with the University of Southern California propose to develop a novel noncoherent seamless sensor network called "SCOUT" (Figure 1) that involves space-time coding technique, capable of transmitting multiple radio frequencies. SCOUT reconfigures itself upon learning (detecting) its nearest SCOUT neighbor(s) thus becoming a coherent network. Traditionally, sensors have been limited by their processing power, amount of battery power, size of memory and data transmission capabilities. Much of the battery consumption occurs at the learning stage of noncoherent networks. Our approach involves the use of commercially available components that Irvine Sensors can miniaturize their size into a small, power efficient device, to maximize the sensing and data transmission rate of the sensor. The power consumption used within each device is controlled and optimized within the FPGA logic using novel power algorithms from the University of Southern California and a novel data sensor awareness technique. | |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
8130 Shaffer Pkwy Littleton, CO 80127-4107 (303) 285-5111 PI: Dr. Russell Hollingsworth (303) 285-5154 Contract #: |
Colorado School of Mines
1500 Illinois Golden, CO 80401-1887 (303) 273-3240 ID#: F045-013-0114 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: Waveguide coupled high speed plasmon optical modulator | |
| Abstract: Silicon is the dominant material for electronic devices, but basic material properties have limited its use for optical devices. Passive components such as waveguides, splitters and multiplexers have been demonstrated on silicon wafers. Most active photonic devices have been made with materials such as gallium arsenide that cannot be grown directly on silicon electronics. The development of active optical elements on silicon will enable the large scale integration of optics and electronics directly on a single silicon chip. This can revolutionize many fields, including data communications, telecommunications, optical computing and sensing. This STTR phase I contract will develop novel CMOS compatible high speed optical modulators for communication band wavelengths based on long range plasmon waveguides as well as plasmon modulators coupled to conventional dielectric waveguides. The modulators will be a factor of ten smaller than competing technologies. | |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060-6657 (540) 953-4261 PI: Dr. Bryan Koene (540) 558-1699 Contract #: |
University of Akron
ORSSP, Polsky Bldg., Room 284, 225 S. Main Street Akron, OH 44325-2102 (330) 972-6764 ID#: F045-010-0158 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: Carbon Nanotube Based Transistors and Opto-Electronic Devices | |
| Abstract: Luna Innovations addresses the US Air Force need to develop flexible transistors and electronic devices to enable fabrication of smart skins and conformal electronic structures. Electronically active organic and polymer materials have been studied extensively for their use in various electronic devices such as transistors, photovoltaics, and light emitting diodes. These devices have significant technological and manufacturing advantages over traditional solid state inorganic analogues such as low cost and ease of manufacture, as well as flexibility. Despite these benefits, poor charge carrier mobility of organic materials is one of the obstacles that has hindered their widespread use in these advanced electronic and opto-electronic device applications. Luna, teamed with the University of Akron, are developing conductive polymer - carbon nanotube thin film electronic materials that can overcome this barrier. The use of highly aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the active layer of these devices will increase the carrier mobility to the point that flexible thin film electronics will be competitive with conventional semiconducting devices. | |
| METROLASER, INC.
2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614-6236 (949) 553-0688 PI: Dr. Ben Buckner (949) 553-0688 Contract #: |
Purdue University
Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088 (765) 494-6900 ID#: F045-024-0209 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-024 Selected for Award |
| Title: High-Resolution Evanescent PIV for Near-Wall Microfluidics | |
| Abstract: This project aims to develop and test a system concept for high-resolution evanescent wave PIV, capable of near-wall flow measurements with 100 nm resolution in-plane and better, along the surface normal direction. We will construct a simple microfluidics test apparatus and identify the most appropriate type of velocity tracer from among fluorescent particles, enhanced scattering particles, or fluorescent volume tracers. Then we will design and construct an evanescent illumination system using plasmon-resonant coatings to enhance the tracer signal, the weakness of which can be a major impediment with the small tracer sizes required. We will also perform experiments using Purdue's advanced PIV data processing techniques with these apparatus to determine system performance and characterize resolution parameters. Based on the knowledge acquired from the analysis of the data, we will determine the best system design to propose for further development in Phase II and eventual commercialization. We have identified numerous promising techniques that could be applied to advance this nascent field of near-wall velocimetry, and we will investigate the use of these both to meet our current objectives and to determine the optimal strategies for the subsequent development of the system. | |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4949 Pearl East Circle, Suite 300 Boulder, CO 80301-2477 (303) 442-6947 PI: Mr. Brad Best (303) 442-6947 Contract #: |
Carnegie Mellon University
5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 (412) 268-1161 ID#: F045-014-0076 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: Optimal Training System | |
| Abstract: Successful training in complex environments is normally accomplished through the interaction of a trainee and a skilled expert, but due resource constraints, experts' use in training can be problematic. Developing expert models for training is one solution, but constructing expert models is costly and time-consuming, and they tend to be difficult to validate, test, and debug. Alternatively, using an optimal model of task performance may be more efficient since optimal models are simpler to validate, test, and debug. Using a simulated task environment (STE) permits the necessary close model-trainee interaction. The simplifying assumptions of STEs often enable construction of optimal performance models, allowing them to perform the same task as the trainee using the same interface while closely observing and guiding trainee performance. We propose to develop the concept of using a normatively correct model of task performance as the core engine of an automated tutor with an initial application to a national missile defense (NMD) task STE. The NMD STE is a complex task requiring skilled operators to allocate assets under time constraints to minimize expected losses, yet is amenable to construction of an optimal model, and therefore has potential for exploring a normative modeling-based tutoring approach. | |
| MILLENNIUM DYNAMICS CORP.
5860 Bridgemont Place Acworth, GA 30101-4397 (770) 241-5045 PI: Mr. Vin Sharma (770) 241-5045 Contract #: |
School of Aerospace Engineering
Georgia Inst.of Technology, 270 Ferst Drive Atlanta, GA 30331-0150 (404) 894-3078 ID#: F045-016-0148 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: Rapid and Robust Dynamics-based Nondestructive Method to Monitor Structural Health | |
| Abstract: The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting damage in structures using Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) and further lead to the development of a robust aerospace structural health monitoring system. The proposed concept is based on use of LDV to measure velocities and displacements associated with high frequency operational deflection shapes as well as lamb waves. Anomalies and changes in the measured displacement maps are then identified through intelligent data processing techniques that can be used to locate and characterize the extent of the associated damage. The underlying principle of the proposed damage detection methodology relies on the evaluation of changes in displacement amplitudes, curvatures and energy distributions associated with high frequency vibrations and wave propagation phenomena. The proposed research is supported by preliminary theoretical and experimental work which clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and the potential of their integration. The ideal scenario for the ultimate usage of the LDV based damage detection technique would be the injection of small amounts of energy into the structure and then determining the damage status of the structure in a brief time span. The proposed techniques will provide the necessary building blocks for such a scenario. | |
| MLB CO.
2551 Casey Ave, Suite B Mountain View, CA 94043 (650) 966-1022 PI: Dr. Henry Jones (650) 966-1022 Contract #: |
University of California - Berkeley
C3 Unmanned Vehicles, 115 McLaughlin Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-1712 (510) 642-9540 ID#: F045-011-0095 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: Cooperative Tracking of Moving Targets by Teams of Autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles | |
| Abstract: Teams of low cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with autonomous behaviors will be capable of performing inexpensive, persistent distributed sensing functions. One application of interest is the use of UAV teams to perform Cooperative Search, Acquisition and Tracking (CSAT) of moving ground targets in a stealthy manner. Current state-of-the-art for autonomous control of UAV teams enables the collaborative tracking of friendly ground vehicles, for example in the context of a convoy protection scenario. The focus of this work is to demonstrate the joint capability of the MLB Company's small autonomous UAVs and UC Berkeley's self-directed collaborative control architecture to perform CSAT of multiple moving ground or sea-based targets, drawing heavily on field experience by both groups in the areas of UAV operations, ground vehicle tracking, vision-based road following, and collaborative team control. The extension of collaborative tracking of friendly vehicles to CSAT of adversarial targets will be achieved by addressing two major technical challenges. First, stand-off line of sight trajectory following will be integrated with the current collaborative tracking methodology. Second, a data fusion center will be developed that integrates measurements from all team members in order to estimate ground target tracks in a shared global reference frame. | |
| MTECH LABORATORIES LLC
831 Rte. 67, Bldg. 45C, P.O. Box 227 Ballston Spa, NY 12020-0227 (518) 885-6436 PI: Dr. Michael J. Hennessy (518) 885-6436 Contract #: |
NHMFL
A233 NHMFL FSU, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr. Tallahassee, FL 32310-3706 (850) 644-0996 ID#: F045-002-0212 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: HTS Magnet Quench Protection | |
| Abstract: A program is proposed which will lead to the development of novel quench protection technologies in high-temperature superconductive magnets operating at temperatures above 30K. These magnets are intended for use in compact, energy-dense magnet systems for the Air Force. In Phase I, innovative approaches will be explored. The designs will be based on many years of experience with both passive and active superconductive magnet protection systems. A magnet system will be fabricated and tested in Phase II. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) at Florida State University will assist MTECH in the quench propagation analysis in Phase I. In Phase II, NHMFL will assist MTECH in the design and fabrication of the HTS magnet and associated test hardware. | |
| NANEX
832 Dolores Drive Santa Barbara, CA 93109-1612 (805) 895-9726 PI: Mr. Carl Meinhart (805) 893-4563 Contract #: |
Univ California Santa Barbara
Dept. Mech. & Envir Eng, UC Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (805) 893-4856 ID#: F045-024-0153 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-024 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Velocimetry Measurements for Microfluidic Devices | |
| Abstract: The overall goal of the proposed research is to develop a commercially-viable micro/nano-PIV instrument that can measure fluid motion in microchannels with 100 nanometer out-of-plane spatial resolution, 1 micron in-plane spatial resolution, and 1 microsecond temporal resolution. The instrument will also be capable of measuring bulk fluid motion in 100 nanometer channels.The 100 nanometer out-of-plane resolution will be achieved by using an evanescent field to illuminate flow-tracing particles near a waveguide surface. The PIV instrument will be well-suited for investigating near-wall slip flow, boundary layer regions, and electro-osmotic flow in microfluidic devices. Although this form of micro-PIV has been reported by several researchers, it has not yet been commercialized. We will use low-cost laser diodes, and well-designed optical coupling strategies, to improve the evanescent illumination and to develop a low-cost commercial instrument.In order to take full advantage of evanescent wave illumination and to measure flows in 100 nanometer channels, the size of the flow-tracing particles must be reduced to order 20 - 50 nm. These particles must be small enough to flow within a ~100 nanometer channel or within an evanescent field, while being large enough to sufficiently dampen Brownian motion, and emit sufficient fluorescent light. We will investigate the use of single quantum dots (QDs) or clusters of QDs. QDs are well known for their broad excitation curves, and bright emission signals. Several research groups have suggested using quantum dots as seed particles but to date there has been no report in the the literature that this has been done. | |
| NANOLAB, INC.
55 Chapel St Newton, MA 02458 (617) 581-6747 PI: Mr. David L. Carnahan (617) 581-6747 Contract #: |
University of Delaware
126D Spencer Laboratory Newark, DE 19716 (302) 831-2423 ID#: F045-020-0227 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: Advanced Composites with Nanoscale Reinforcement | |
| Abstract: Advanced fiber composites are fabricated by automated 3D weaving and braiding processes. These weaving processes use tows of micron diameter fibers, to create preforms for resin infiltration. The interaction between the resin matrix and the fibers can be potentially increased by creating nanoscale features on the carbon fibers. NanoLab is expert in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their applications in composites. In the proposed work, we plan to develop a process where nanotubes can be grown on 3-D woven or 3-D braided performs, as well as individual fibers and cloths. We will then infiltrate sample composites, and perform representative mechanical tests, in order to validate the possibility of achieving improved mechanical performance, particularly higher penetration resistance under foreign object impact. | |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 (540) 953-1785 PI: Dr. Rochael Swavey (937) 748-0761 Contract #: |
University of Dayton
300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469 (937) 229-3145 ID#: F045-001-0113 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: Temperature-Compensated Pressure-Sensitive Paint Containing a Bichromophoric Luminophore | |
| Abstract: Temperature-sensitive paints (TSP) and pressure-sensitive paints (PSP) are a reliable way to map surface response to change in pressure and temperature. Luminescent probes are incorporated into a surface treatment and the change in luminescent intensity or the change in the lifetime of the luminescence is monitored with change in temperature and pressure. The TSP and PSP are used in the aeronautics and astronautics industry to understand temperature and pressure gradients to maximize material integrity and design geometry of vehicles. The purpose of this Phase I STTR program is to design a new pressure- and temperature-sensitive paint for use with the developing lifetime-based fluorescence response measurements. The luminophores selected for this paint can be photoexcited at a single wavelength and emit a single fluorescence band for ease of excitation and collection of data. In addition, the two luminophores will be combined into a single bichromophoric complex to ensure equal distribution of the luminophores in the binder matrix. NanoSonic, Inc will partner with the Chemistry Department at the University of Dayton to synthesize the proposed complex and to measure its response to temperature and pressure. The University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) will aide in paint dispersion and spray application as well as measure gloss, film adhesion and monitor photo-degradation of the paint in Xenon-arc artificial weathering chambers. | |
| NANOTECHLABS, INC.
501 Deacon Blvd. Suite 200 Winston-Salem, NC 27105 (336) 403-7762 PI: Mr. Richard Czerw (336) 403-7762 Contract #: |
Wake Forest University
Research & Sponsored Programs Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7528 (336) 758-4910 ID#: F045-018-0278 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Ionic Lubricants incorporating nanomaterials. | |
| Abstract: Ionic liquids could be an important component in green engineering. They are salts that are liquid at ambient temperature, and they possess attractive features as green lubricants such as very low vapor pressure and non-flammability. In contrast to many conventional solvents, ionic liquids produce virtually no hazardous or flammable vapors. NanoTechLabs Inc. and Wake Forest University will synthesize and evaluate ionic liquid / carbon nanotube based lubricants using unique cations based on chiral imidazoliums as a basis for the lubricant. The presence of chiral centers in the alkyl substituents in combination with chiral anions in a salt will provide a mixture of diastereomers depressing the melting point of the salt further and preventing crystallization. Single wall nanotubes will be incorporated into the ionic lubricants to impart lower friction coefficients and enhanced thermal stability. It is anticipated that carbon nanotubes will affect the molecular ordering of the lubricant, and the amount of induced long-range orientation will be characterized as a function of the nanotube length and dispersion. | |
| NUMEREX
2309 Renard Place SE, Suite 220 Albuquerque, NM 87106-4259 (505) 842-0074 PI: Dr. John Luginsland (607) 277-4272 Contract #: |
The University of New Mexico
EECE Department, The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 (505) 277-4011 ID#: F045-006-0295 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: User-Safe "Virtual Laboratory" Environment for High-Voltage Radiation Source Experiments | |
| Abstract: The advent of advanced scientific computation capabilities has enabled high fidelity simulations that can predict the performance of experimental tests over a wide variety of physical problems. This ability to virtually test and prototype can open new avenues of scientific inquiry by providing the means to study complex physical phenomena at institutions without the resources to field experimental programs and deal with the resulting safety hazards. We propose to develop a computational tool that will allow the construction of a "virtual laboratory" to investigate the physics of electromagnetic radiation sources. Building on mature software efforts such as Particle-in-Cell, Magneto-Hydrodynamics, and x-ray transport codes, we propose designing an object-orientated environment that can combine these codes into a large-scale system of interconnected systems. Leveraging The University of New Mexico's experience with the Rational Unified Process and Universal Modeling Language against NumerEx's experience with physics algorithm development, we will lay the ground work for a tool that combines existing physics packages in such a way as to allow continued independent development of the physics software, while ensuring that the combined capabilities of the software can be brought to bear with sufficient accuracy for the first principles simulation of novel radiation sources. | |
| OMEGA OPTICS, INC.
10435 Burnet Road,, Suite 108 Austin, TX 78758-4450 (512) 996-8833 PI: Dr. Kevin Wu (512) 996-8833 Contract #: |
University of Texas at Austin-PRC
10100 Burnet Rd., Bldg. 160, Mail Code R9900 Austin, TX 78758 (512) 471-7035 ID#: F045-013-0245 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: Ultra-compact Optical Modulator Based on Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguide | |
| Abstract: Nanophotonics promises to have a revolutionary impact on the landscape of photonics technology. Due to the maturity of sub-micron silicon CMOS technology, nanophotonics on silicon is anticipated to play a critical role in future nano-system integration. In this program, we propose an innovative approach to building ultra-compact silicon Mach-Zehnder(MZ) modulators. The proposed structure consists of carefully designed photonic crystal waveguides(PCW) in conjunction with a metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS) "capacitor," which utilizes plasma dispersion effect to achieve high-speed modulation. Incorporating the PCW nanostructure provides an unprecedented opportunity to enhance the modulation efficiency of silicon based MZ modulators, and a reduction of electrode length by 100 times is expected. The ultra-short electrode length associated with the highly dispersive PCW nanostructure brings such exclusive advantages as low power consumption, high bandwidth, and potential for high-density integration of modulator arrays, which promises to outperform existing silicon guided-wave devices by at least one order of magnitude. To prove the feasibility of the proposed idea, photonic crystal waveguide based silicon MZ modulators will be designed, fabricated, and characterized in Phase I. The dispersion of the photonic crystal waveguides and the modulation characteristics of the MOS structure will be carefully investigated. | |
| OPTEOS, INC.
1340 Eisenhower place Ann Arbor, MI 48108-3282 (734) 973-6600 PI: Dr. Kyoung Yang (734) 973-6600 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0079 |
University of Michigan
CUOS (IST Bldg), 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Rm. 1006 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099 (734) 763-1324 ID#: F045-025-0282 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-025 Awarded: 20AUG04 |
| Title: MINIATURIZED ELECTRO/MAGNETO-OPTIC SENSORS FOR THE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF BROADBAND RF PULSES | |
| Abstract: An innovative electromagnetic wave detection and measurement system based on broadband, non-intrusive, miniaturized electro-optic (EO) and magneto-optic (MO) sensors will be developed in order to evaluate the effects caused by short duration burst or pulsed EM waves incident on electronic circuits. Due to the compact size and non-metallic construction, the EO and MO sensors can be placed within close proximity to the circuit under observation, and their measurement bandwidth and spatial resolution can be greater 100 GHz and less than 10 microns, respectively. The EO and MO sensors will be designed and fabricated during the Phase I of STTR project, and entire system hardware and software development will be completed during the Phase II. Upon its successful realization through the effort of this STTR project, the EO/MO sensor system is expected to provide an unprecedented capability for EM monitoring of complex electronics in a broad range of applications, particularly when the electronics are exposed to externally generated time-varying EM waves. The information from the EO/MO sensor system will reveal the actual EM transients created by incident RF pulses, where such signals may lead to temporary malfunction or permanent damage of sophisticated electronic systems. | |
| ORGANICID, INC.
495 Vanderbilt Court Colorado Springs, CO 80906-7242 (310) 777-5917 PI: Mr. Klaus Dimmler (719) 540-0440 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0080 |
Northwestern University
c/o Tobin Marks, Department of Chemistry Evanston, IL 60208-3113 (847) 491-5658 ID#: F045-010-0208 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-010 Awarded: 12AUG04 |
| Title: Organic Based Flexible Transistors and Electronic Devices | |
| Abstract: The work outlined in this proposal is directed toward the development of materials and fabrication processes for organic-based complementary circuits. New and improved n-channel (electron transporting) semiconductors will be synthesized and characterized at Northwestern University. These materials will possess a mobility of about 1 cm2/V-s and will be combined with p-channel FET materials such as pentacene (mobility ~ 1 cm2/V-s) to realize an organic complementary circuit technology. The speed of complementary circuits with materials possessing a mobility of 1 cm2/V-s will be equivalent to p-channel FET circuits with a mobility of 10 cm2/V-s, underscoring the importance of developing complementary technology. The fabrication of the transistors will be performed by OrganicID and will include detailed investigations of the best insulator-semiconductor combinations for both top-gate and bottom gate devices. The channel lengths of these devices will extend to below 5 micrometers. The analysis and improvement of injecting contacts will be subcontracted to the University of Texas. The development of a practical organic complementary technology is vital to the business goals of OrganicID which is engaged in building low-cost radio frequency identification tags and other circuitry. Complementary circuits will result in lower power requirements, greater range, and faster speed. | |
| PERFORMANCE POLYMER SOLUTIONS, INC.
91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459 (937) 298-3713 PI: Dr. David B. Curliss (937) 298-3713 Contract #: |
The Ohio State University
Engineering Experiment Station, 156 Hitchcock Hall Columbus, OH 43210-1278 (614) 292-6081 ID#: F045-020-0267 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: High Performance 3D Composite Preforms Manufactured Via Novel In Situ Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber Infusion | |
| Abstract: The objective of this proposal is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility and payoff of novel in situ vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) reinforcement of 3D woven or braided composite preforms for advanced composite aerospace structural or thermal-structural applications. In this approach the carbon nanofibers are grown within the composite perform in a controllable and tailorable manner to yield the desired reinforcement size, morphology, and spatial distribution for the chosen advanced composite application. The approach holds tremendous promise to increase the strength, stiffness, and damage tolerance of advanced composites while preserving the inherent affordability of near-net-shape woven or braided preforms for component manufacturing. The technology is generally applicable with any composite preforming technology including carbon, graphite, glass, quartz, ceramic, or metal fiber woven, braided, or constructed performs. The resulting VGCF reinforced preforms can be tailored for optimal thermal and structural performance. | |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 (978) 689-0003 PI: Dr. David Rosen (978) 689-0003 Contract #: |
Johns Hopkins Univeristy
615 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205 (410) 955-3258 ID#: F045-017-0162 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Instrumentation for Monitoring Breath Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Health, Condition, Toxic Exposure, and Disease | |
| Abstract: Detecting the presence and levels of endogenously produced molecules in expired breath is a promising technology with potential for non-invasive monitoring of warfighter health, physiologic condition, and toxin/radiation exposure. Until now, exploiting this potential has been limited by the lack of a suitable platform technology for easy, rapid, reliable and versatile breath analysis measurements. To address this need, Physical Sciences Inc. in collaboration with our academic research partner, Johns Hopkins University, proposes to develop a compact, portable, and high sensitivity system for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of normal and abnormal human physiology via human breath analysis. The breath analysis system we propose to develop will employ photonic biosensor platform technology based on the marriage of the very latest in tunable, mid-wave IR semiconductor laser technology and cavity-enhanced spectroscopy for ultra-sensitive absorption measurements. The proposed instrument will enable rapid, reliable and real-time measurements of trace levels of selected biomarker gases in exhaled breath. The Phase I goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a compact, transportable, dual-laser module capable of real-time monitoring of breath ethane and carbon monoxide. Breath ethane is a key biomarker of oxidative stress status (OSS) and breath carbon monoxide a biomarker of OS response. | |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810-1077 (978) 689-0003 PI: Dr. R. Daniel Ferguson (978) 689-0003 Contract #: |
Massachusetts General Hospital
Wellman Center for Photomedici, 50 Blossom Street Boston, MA 02114 (617) 724-2202 ID#: F045-022-0194 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: Field-Deployable Imaging System to Assess Potential Retinal Injuries | |
| Abstract: Advanced imaging technologies now exist to detect the tissue changes that occur due to retinal laser injuries that may not be visible with fundus photography. Very recent developments at Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine have made it possible to combine these technologies into a single, affordable field-deployable device. The Line-Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (LSLO) is a compact, low-cost, quasi-confocal SLO imaging system. High quality, high resolution and high contrast wide-field en face retinal SLO images are obtained non-mydriatically with <600ŸYW of NIR source power at up to 30 frames/sec. Images are captured, processed and displayed with integrated FPGA and LCD technology. Simultaneously, revolutionary advances have been made in the field of optical coherence tomography (OCT), pioneered by researchers at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine. New implementations of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) have produced more efficient and compact OCT designs with few moving parts and a thousand-fold multiplex advantage over conventional OCT. Full SD-OCT images are obtained non-mydriatically, with <600ŸYW of broadband illumination at up to 30 frames/sec. The architecture that PSI has already developed for hand-held LSLO applications, is ideally suited to the incorporation of SD-OCT. In Phase I, a hybrid LSLO/SD-OCT system will be demonstrated, that offers superior retinal imaging in a compact, portable package. | |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 (978) 689-0000 PI: Dr. Shawn Wehe (978) 689-0000 Contract #: FA9550-04-C-0094 |
Brown University
Box 1929, Brown University Providence, RI 02912-1929 (401) 863-1805 ID#: F045-024-0191 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-024 Awarded: 23AUG04 |
| Title: High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Velocimetry Measurements for Microfluidic Devices | |
| Abstract: Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and Brown University propose to develop and demonstrate a system for the measurement of fluid velocities in close proximity fo solid surfaces in microfluidic and micropropulsion devices. The instrument couples the Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy (TIRFM) technique with Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) algorithms and integrates waveguide optical coupling for depth-tailored excitation at the sub-micron scale range, high efficiency quantum dot fluorescence probes for ~ nm spatial resolution, and compact, low-cost photonic excitation sources such as pulsed LEDs. The Phase I research effort will optimize each element of the excitation and collection system, and demonstrate the integral system in a microfluidic channel with improved spatial and temporal resolution compared to existing techniques. The results of the Phase I will be packaged in a set of microfluidic diagnostic systems in Phase II for wall velocity measurements in micro- and nano- scale devices. Extensive testing during the Phase II program will fully validate the sensor's performance, accuracy, and spatial resolution. | |
| PRINCETON LIGHTWAVE, INC.
2555 Route 130 South Cranbury, NJ 08512 (609) 495-2551 PI: Dr. Mark Itzler (609) 495-2551 Contract #: |
University of Texas
UT/PRC/MER #R9950, 10100 Burnet Road; Building 16 Austin, TX 78758 (512) 471-9669 ID#: F045-021-0231 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: Low-Noise Avalanche Photodiodes for Midwave Infrared (2 to 5 um) Applications | |
| Abstract: In this program, we will develop room-temperature avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for midwave infrared (MWIR) applications. The internal gain of APDs results in significant improvements in optical receiver sensitivity, and APDs have been widely used for telecommunications receivers with In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As absorption regions lattice-matched to InP substrates. However, In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As is transparent to wavelengths longer than 1.65 um, and to date, APDs have not been available for the MWIR because materials that exhibit strong MWIR absorption also generate high dark currents at fields required for impact ionization. We propose a novel MWIR APD design that will maintain low noise, good responsivity, and high gain-bandwidth product. The device will employ the separate absorption, charge, and multiplication (SACM) structure widely used for telecommunications receivers coupled with several critical new design features: (1) an ultra-low-noise impact ionization engineered (I2E) multiplication region and (2) an undepleted absorber structure that will facilitate the incorporation of (3) an absorption region optimized for MWIR detection. For the absorption region, we will study Sb-based bulk materials such as InGaAsSb and InAsPSb as well as Sb-based strain-compensated quantum well structures. For the multiplication region, we will use compositions compatible with the GaSb-based absorption regions, such as AlGaAsSb, and apply these materials in the design of an I2E multiplication region. | |
| RAINBOW COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
2362 Qume Drive, Suite F San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 577-0109 PI: Dr. Sean Zhang (408) 577-0109 Contract #: |
Beckman Laser Institute
300 University of Tower, Sponsored Projects Admini. Irvine, CA 92697-7600 (949) 824-4781 ID#: F045-022-0075 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: MicroElectro Mechanical System (MEMS) and Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) Based Field-Deployable Imaging System to Assess Potential Retinal Injuries | |
| Abstract: Rainbow Communications, together with the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic of University of California at Irvine, proposes to investigate MicroElectro Mechanical System (MEMS) and Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) based field-deployable imaging system to assess potential retinal injuries. Rainbow_s proposed portable Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fundus camera integrated imaging system will provide the following unique features: (1) Rapidly and precisely detect retinal lesions by combining OCT and fundus camera into a rugged and small package with fast sampling characteristics; (2) Field-portable with a handheld probe by using OFDR and MEMS two-axis scanning mirror to eliminate the application of bulky spectrometer and scanning mirrors; (3) High sampling rate (30 frame per 1 second) and very small size by using high stiffness PZT as piezoelectric actuator for Fiber Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter (FFP-TF); (4) Multi-functional imaging (Conventional OCT and Doppler OCT) capability to provide more detailed information; (5) Low cost and high anti-interference by using optic fiber and MEMS components. Phase I will develop, model, and simulate the MEMS and OFDR based field-portable imaging system concept, and demonstrate the feasibility. In Phase II, a practical portable imaging system will be developed and tested for animal and human models. | |
| RESPIRATORY RESEARCH, INC.
1167 Raintree Drive Charlottesville, VA 22901 (434) 825-7627 PI: Dr. John Hunt (434) 243-9916 Contract #: |
University of Virginia
Box 800386, Division of Peds Resp Med Charlottesville, VA 22908 (434) 243-9929 ID#: F045-017-0207 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Instrumentation for Monitoring Breath Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Health, Condition, Toxic Exposure, and Disease | |
| Abstract: The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sampling procedure is as simple and safe as blowing through a straw, yet provides substrate (EBC) for assays that have proven remarkably useful in identifying lung inflammation and oxidative stress. Most validated is the measurement of EBC pH, which is profoundly low (acidic) in many lung diseases and reflects underlying airway acidification. This proposal seeks funding for development of a continuous exhaled breath pH monitoring system and tests its utility by applying EBC pH measurement to the Intensive Care Unit environment. This novel system to measure minute-by-minute EBC pH will be employed to determine if EBC acidification will predict development of, or worsening of, severe lung diseases including ventilator-associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with or without trauma. Identifying such progression early may allow more successful therapeutic intervention. Additionally examined will be the ability of single EBC pH assays to predict the need for hospitalization in patients presenting to the emergency room with respiratory complaints. These readily available clinical model systems will help determine the utility of EBC pH to provide useful information regarding war-fighters' health. | |
| SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC.
1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505-3993 (505) 984-1322 PI: Dr. Shin-Juh Chen (505) 984-1322 Contract #: |
The University of Michigan
Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, 1320 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140 (734) 763-3193 ID#: F045-012-0054 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: Diode Laser-Based Flight Test Instrumentation for Scramjets | |
| Abstract: The optimization of scramjet engine performance parameters such as combustion efficiency, thrust maximization, reduction in pollutants, minimization of exhaust signatures (for stealth) are essential. Measurements of chemical species and temperature in the scramjet engine during test flight are critical for evaluating engine performance. For a diode laser-based sensor system to be a viable option for measuring chemical species and temperature, a simple, lightweight and compact sensor system is required. This will require substantial reduction in the physical size of the system, reduction in the number of lasers and detectors, innovative optics, and implementation of compact and rugged electronics. In partnership with the University of Michigan under this STTR, Southwest Sciences proposes to develop an in situ, non-intrusive, multi-species capable, lightweight, compact, and rugged sensor system based on diode laser spectroscopy to monitor the exhaust gases of a scramjet. The proposed sensor system incorporates several key technologies which will permit the development of a multi-gas sensor capable of meeting both detection and severe operational constraints. These key technologies include state-of-the-art lasers, wavelength modulation spectroscopy, modulation frequency multiplexing, time-division multiplexing, a two-color photodiode detector, absorption-based thermometry, digital signal processing, an unique supersonic combustion tunnel. | |
| SPIRE CORP.
One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730-2396 (781) 275-6000 PI: Dr. Steven Wojtczuk (603) 595-8900 Contract #: |
Boston University
8 Saint Mary's Street Boston, MA 02215 (617) 353-5067 ID#: F045-021-0235 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: InAsSb Strain-Balanced Avalanche Photodiodes with 4-5 micron Cutoff Wavelength | |
| Abstract: Spire Corporation, through its Bandwidth Semiconductor subsidiary and in collaboration with colleagues in the Electrical Engineering Department at Boston University, proposes the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) epigrowth of indium arsenide antimonide (InAsSb) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) ~2mm in diameter that should prove useful in laser radar and free-space communications. One particular composition (InAs90%Sb10%) is lattice-matched to GaSb wafers and would be used as a separate absorption region in this uncooled APD with a cutoff wavelength of about 4.4microns. The avalanche region would be in a homojunction in the higher bandgap GaSb. A thin two-compositional-step grading layer of InGaAsSb will help photogenerated carriers in the InAsSb absorption region reach the GaSb multiplication region by presenting smaller energy band transitions. This simpler lattice-matched separate absorption, grading, and multiplication region (SAGM) APD structure with a useful 4.4micron cutoff will serve as the experimental control to compare its performance with that of a strain-balanced APD using alternately tensile and compressive InAsSb layers with the goal of extending the cutoff wavelength from 4.4 to 5microns. | |
| STREAMLINE AUTOMATION, LLC
1109 Chesterfield Road Huntsville, AL 35803 (256) 694-5063 PI: Mr. Alton J. Reich (256) 694-5063 Contract #: |
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 (630) 252-6258 ID#: F045-017-0004 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: Development of a Portable Breath Analysis System Based on a Novel Electronic Nose Microsensor | |
| Abstract: Significant recent research has shown that breath biomarkers are excellent indicators of oxidative stress caused by conditions ranging from radiation exposure to COPD. Current techniques for collection, concentration, and analysis of exhaled breath do not support real-time analysis, or require complex and bulky equipment. Streamline Automation, LLC will develop a portable Breath BioDetector in partnership with Argonne National Laboratory. The core technology is ANL's Electronic Nose Microsensor, a robust sensor, about the size of a postage stamp, that is capable of simultaneously detecting gases at low concentrations. The small size, and multi-gas capability of the sensor enables integration into a compact, light weight, portable system. Streamline Automation's system design and integration experience will be augmented with the clinical experience of Dr. Keary Cope, USDA, and Dr. Bruce Freeman, UAB. They will assist in developing the requirements for the prototype Breath BioDetector and the protocol for its use. During Phase 2, Dr. Freeman will test prototype units in conjunction with a 5-year NIH grant to study NO as a breath biomarker for COPD. This testing will provide valuable clinical experience that would not otherwise be possible during a Phase 2 project. | |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
Suite 102/103, 201 Circle Drive North Piscataway, NJ 08854 (732) 302-9274 PI: Dr. Brent Hoerman (732) 302-9274 Contract #: |
Cornell University
Office of Sponsored Programs, 102 Day Hall Ithaca, NY 14853-2801 (607) 255-5014 ID#: F045-013-0141 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: CMOS Compatible Active Silicon Nanophotonic Devices and Systems | |
| Abstract: In this STTR effort, Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI), in collaboration with our academic and industrial partners will design, develop, and demonstrate a more efficient and compact, silicon-based electro-optic modulator based on nanoscale photonic structures that is completely compatible with standard CMOS processing. The structures developed will form the building blocks for a family of devices based on active silicon nanophotonics which will open the door to a new technology free from conventional microelectronics limitations, providing low power, high bandwidth, high speed and ultra-small optoelectronic components. Moreover, the active silicon nanophotonic devices to be developed will benefit from the inherent infrastructure and cost benefits of the existing CMOS manufacturing infrastructure. In Phase I of this project, we propose to expand preliminary results on specific electro-optic devices to address a more general class of devices and their integration on a silicon chip within a commercially manufacturable infrastructure. To this end, we will design, develop, and demonstrate devices for analysis and feasibility studies. In Phase II we will complete development of the devices and finalize a route for integrating passive and active components into complex, electro-optical systems on a single silicon chip within a commercial CMOS foundry. | |
| SURFACES RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, INC.
8330 Melrose Drive Lenexa, KS 66214-1630 (913) 541-1221 PI: Dr. Barbara J. Kinzig (913) 541-1221 Contract #: |
University of Florida
Dept. of Mech. & Aerospace Eng, Bldg. 183, Room 002 Gainesville, FL 32611 (352) 392-8488 ID#: F045-018-0169 Agency: AF Topic#: 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: Ionic Liquids: Novel Lubrication for Air and Space | |
| Abstract: The team of Surfaces Research and the University of Florida proposes to study novel ionic liquids as lubricants fo | |